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Peng X, Zheng T, Guo Y, Zhu Y. Amino acid metabolism genes associated with immunotherapy responses and clinical prognosis of colorectal cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:955705. [PMID: 35992263 PMCID: PMC9388734 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.955705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on amino acid metabolism-related genes (AAMRGs), this study aimed at screening out key prognosis-related genes and finding the underlying correlation between the amino acid metabolism and tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer. A total of 448 amino acid metabolism-related genes were obtained from MsigDB. The risk signature was built based on differential expression genes, univariate Cox, and LASSO analyses with 403 patients’ data downloaded from the TCGA database. Survival analysis and independence tests were performed to confirm the validity of the risk signature. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), tumor mutation burden (TMB), the score of tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE), the immunophenoscore obtained from The Cancer Immunome Atlas database, and the IC50 of drugs were used to find the relationship among the risk signature, immune status, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity of colorectal cancer. We identified five amino acid metabolism-related genes for the construction of the risk signature, including ENOPH1, ACAT1, ALDH4A1, FAS, and ASPG. The low-risk group was significantly associated with a better prognosis (p < 0.0001). In the entire set, the area under the curve (AUC) for 1, 3, and 5 years was 0.717, 0.734, and 0.764, respectively. We also discovered that the low-risk subgroup was related to more activity of immune cells, had higher expression of some immune checkpoints, and was more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. ssGSEA revealed that except the processes of glutamine histidine, lysine, tyrosine, and L-phenylalanine metabolism, the other amino acid metabolism pathways were more active in the samples with the low risk scores, whereas the activities of synthesis and transportation of most amino acids were similar. Hedgehog signaling, WNT/β-catenin signaling, mitotic, notch signaling, and TGF-β signaling were the top five pathways positively associated with the risk score. To sum up, AAMRGs were associated with the immune microenvironment of CRC patients and could be applied as biomarkers to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Peng
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co, Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Guo
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhu, ; Yong Guo,
| | - Ying Zhu
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhu, ; Yong Guo,
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Rossi A, Turturo M, Albano L, Fecarotta S, Barretta F, Crisci D, Gallo G, Perfetto R, Uomo F, Vallone F, Villani G, Strisciuglio P, Parenti G, Frisso G, Ruoppolo M. Long-term monitoring for short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A single-center 4-year experience and open issues. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:895921. [PMID: 36147814 PMCID: PMC9485620 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.895921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD) is an inherited disorder of L-isoleucine metabolism due to mutations in the ACADSB gene. The role of current diagnostic biomarkers [i.e., blood 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5) and urine 2-methylbutyrylglycine (2MBG)] in patient monitoring and the effects of proposed treatments remain uncertain as follow-data are lacking. This study presents first systematic longitudinal biochemical assessment in SBCADD patients. METHODS A retrospective, observational single-center study was conducted on newborns born between 2017 and 2020 and suspected with SBCADD. Biochemical, molecular, clinical and dietary data collected upon NBS recall and during the subsequent follow-up were recorded. RESULTS All enrolled subjects (n = 10) received adequate protein intake and L-carnitine supplementation. Nine subjects were diagnosed with SBCADD. During the follow-up [median: 20.5 (4-40) months] no patient developed symptoms related to SBCADD. No patient normalized serum C5 and urine 2MBG values. In 7/9 SBCADD patients mean serum C5 values decreased or stabilized compared to their first serum C5 value. A major increase in serum C5 values was observed in two patients after L-carnitine discontinuation and during intercurrent illness, respectively. Urine 2MBG values showed moderate intra-patient variability. DISCUSSION The relatively stable serum C5 values observed during L-carnitine supplementation together with C5 increase occurring upon L-carnitine discontinuation/intercurrent illness may support the value of serum C5 as a monitoring biomarker and the benefit of this treatment in SBCADD patients. The role of urine 2MBG in patient monitoring remains uncertain. As all patients were asymptomatic, no association between biochemical parameters and clinical phenotype could be investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Turturo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Albano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Fecarotta
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Barretta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosa Perfetto
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Uomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Guglielmo Villani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l, Naples, Italy
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Wang B, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Ma J, Cao X, Chen Y, Pan Y, Li H, Xiang J, Wang T. Investigating the Metabolic Model in Preterm Neonates by Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Cohort Study. Horm Metab Res 2021; 53:112-123. [PMID: 33246344 DOI: 10.1055/a-1300-2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The changes of metabolite profiles in preterm birth have been demonstrated using newborn screening data. However, little is known about the holistic metabolic model in preterm neonates. The aim was to investigate the holistic metabolic model in preterm neonates. All metabolite values were obtained from a cohort data of routine newborn screening. A total of 261 758 newborns were recruited and randomly divided into a training subset and a testing subset. Using the training subset, 949 variates were considered to establish a logistic regression model for identifying preterm birth (<37 weeks) from term birth (≥37 weeks). Sventy-two variates (age at collection, TSH, 17α-OHP, proline, tyrosine, C16:1-OH, C18:2, and 65 ratios) entered into the final metabolic model for identifying preterm birth from term birth. Among the variates entering into the final model of PTB [Leucine+Isoleucine+Proline-OH)/Valine (OR=38.36], (C3DC+C4-OH)/C12 (OR=15.58), Valine/C5 (OR=6.32), [Leucine+isoleucine+Proline-OH)/Ornithine (OR=2.509)], and Proline/C18:1 (OR=2.465) have the top five OR values, and [Leucine+Isoleucine+Proline-OH)/C5 (OR=0.05)], [Leucine+Isoleucine+Proline-OH)/Phenylalanine (OR=0.214)], proline/valine (OR=0.230), C16/C18 (OR=0.259), and Alanine/free carnitine (OR=0.279) have the five lowest OR values. The final metabolic model had a capacity of identifying preterm infants with >80% accuracy in both the training and testing subsets. When identifying neonates ≤32 weeks from those >32 weeks, it had a robust performance with nearly 95% accuracy in both subsets. In summary, we have established an excellent metabolic model in preterm neonates. These findings could provide new insights for more efficient nutrient supplements and etiology of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjing Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Cao
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Xiang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetic, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Ferrari A, Del'Olio S, Barrientos A. The Diseased Mitoribosome. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1025-1061. [PMID: 33314036 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria control life and death in eukaryotic cells. Harboring a unique circular genome, a by-product of an ancient endosymbiotic event, mitochondria maintains a specialized and evolutionary divergent protein synthesis machinery, the mitoribosome. Mitoribosome biogenesis depends on elements encoded in both the mitochondrial genome (the RNA components) and the nuclear genome (all ribosomal proteins and assembly factors). Recent cryo-EM structures of mammalian mitoribosomes have illuminated their composition and provided hints regarding their assembly and elusive mitochondrial translation mechanisms. A growing body of literature involves the mitoribosome in inherited primary mitochondrial disorders. Mutations in genes encoding mitoribosomal RNAs, proteins, and assembly factors impede mitoribosome biogenesis, causing protein synthesis defects that lead to respiratory chain failure and mitochondrial disorders such as encephalo- and cardiomyopathy, deafness, neuropathy, and developmental delays. In this article, we review the current fundamental understanding of mitoribosome assembly and function, and the clinical landscape of mitochondrial disorders driven by mutations in mitoribosome components and assembly factors, to portray how basic and clinical studies combined help us better understand both mitochondrial biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Samuel Del'Olio
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
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5
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Kohrt SE, Awadallah WN, Phillips RA, Case TC, Jin R, Nanda JS, Yu X, Clark PE, Yi Y, Matusik RJ, Anderson PD, Grabowska MM. Identification of Genes Required for Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 20:398-409. [PMID: 33298586 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer can be treated with the antiandrogen enzalutamide, but responses and duration of response are variable. To identify genes that support enzalutamide resistance, we performed a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen in the bone-homing, castration-resistant prostate cancer cell line, C4-2B. We identified 11 genes (TFAP2C, CAD, SPDEF, EIF6, GABRG2, CDC37, PSMD12, COL5A2, AR, MAP3K11, and ACAT1) whose loss resulted in decreased cell survival in response to enzalutamide. To validate our screen, we performed transient knockdowns in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells and evaluated cell survival in response to enzalutamide. Through these studies, we validated three genes (ACAT1, MAP3K11, and PSMD12) as supporters of enzalutamide resistance in vitro Although ACAT1 expression is lower in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer samples versus primary prostate cancer samples, knockdown of ACAT1 was sufficient to reduce cell survival in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells. MAP3K11 expression increases with Gleason grade, and the highest expression is observed in metastatic castration-resistant disease. Knockdown of MAP3K11 reduced cell survival, and pharmacologic inhibition of MAP3K11 with CEP-1347 in combination with enzalutamide resulted in a dramatic increase in cell death. This was associated with decreased phosphorylation of AR-Serine650, which is required for maximal AR activation. Finally, although PSMD12 expression did not change during disease progression, knockdown of PSMD12 resulted in decreased AR and AR splice variant expression, likely contributing to the C4-2B and 22Rv1 decrease in cell survival. Our study has therefore identified at least three new supporters of enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Kohrt
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wisam N Awadallah
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Thomas C Case
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Renjie Jin
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jagpreet S Nanda
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Peter E Clark
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Center/Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Yajun Yi
- Quality, Safety and Risk Prevention, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert J Matusik
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Magdalena M Grabowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Vinklarova L, Schmidt M, Benek O, Kuca K, Gunn-Moore F, Musilek K. Friend or enemy? Review of 17β-HSD10 and its role in human health or disease. J Neurochem 2020; 155:231-249. [PMID: 32306391 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD10) is a multifunctional human enzyme with important roles both as a structural component and also as a catalyst of many metabolic pathways. This mitochondrial enzyme has important functions in the metabolism, development and aging of the neural system, where it is involved in the homeostasis of neurosteroids, especially in regard to estradiol, changes in which make it an essential part of neurodegenerative pathology. These roles therefore, indicate that 17β-HSD10 may be a possible druggable target for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in hormone-dependent cancer. The objective of this review was to provide a summary about physiological functions and pathological roles of 17β-HSD10 and the modulators of its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vinklarova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Schmidt
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Benek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kamil Musilek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Boonchaisri S, Stevenson T, Dias DA. Utilization of GC-MS untargeted metabolomics to assess the delayed response of glufosinate treatment of transgenic herbicide resistant (HR) buffalo grasses (Stenotaphrum secundatum L.). Metabolomics 2020; 16:22. [PMID: 31989303 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-1644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herbicide resistant (HR) buffalo grasses were genetically engineered to resist the non-selective herbicide, glufosinate in order to facilitate a modern, 'weeding program' which is highly effective in terms of minimizing costs and labor. The resistant trait was conferred by an insertion of the pat gene to allow for the production of the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) to detoxify the glufosinate inhibitive effect. To date, there are only a few reports using metabolomics as well as molecular characterizations published for glufosinate-resistant crops with no reports on HR turfgrass. Therefore, for the first time, this study examines the metabolome of glufosinate-resistant buffalo grasses which not only will be useful to future growers but also the scientific community. OBJECTIVE A major aim of this present work is to characterize and evaluate the metabolic alterations which may arise from a genetic transformation of HR buffalo grasses by comprehensively using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based untargeted metabolomics. METHODS Eight-week old plants of 4 HR buffalo grasses, (93-1A, 93-2B, 93-3C and 93-5A) and 3 wild type varieties (WT 8-4A, WT 9-1B and WT 9-1B) were selected for physiological, molecular and metabolomics experiments. Plants were either sprayed with 1, 5, 10 and 15% v/v of glufosinate to evaluate the visual injuries or submerged in 5% v/v of glufosinate 3 days prior to a GC-MS based untargeted metabolomics analysis. In contrast, the control group was treated with distilled water. Leaves were extracted in 1:1 methanol:water and then analysed, using an in-house GC-MS untargeted workflow. RESULTS Results identified 199 metabolites with only 6 of them (cis-aconitic acid, allantoin, cellobiose, glyceric acid, maltose and octadecanoic acid) found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) between the HR and wild type buffalo grass varieties compared to the control experiment. Among these metabolites, unusual accumulation of allantoin was prominent and was an unanticipated effect of the pat gene insertion. As expected, glufosinate treatment caused significant metabolic alterations in the sensitive wild type, with the up-regulation of several amino acids (e.g. phenylalanine and isoleucine) which was likely due to glufosinate-induced senescence. The aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthetic pathway was identified as the most significant enriched pathway as a result of glufosinate effects because a number of its intermediates were amino acids. CONCLUSION HR buffalo grasses were very similar to its wild type comparator based on a comprehensive GC-MS based untargeted metabolomics and therefore, should guarantee the safe use of these HR buffalo grasses. The current metabolomics analyses not only confirmed the effects of glufosinate to up-regulate free amino acid pools in the sensitive wild type but also several alterations in sugar, sugar phosphate and organic acid metabolism have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor Stevenson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Daniel A Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
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Goudarzi A. The recent insights into the function of ACAT1: A possible anti-cancer therapeutic target. Life Sci 2019; 232:116592. [PMID: 31228515 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase also known as acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT) corresponds to two enzymes, one cytosolic (ACAT2) and one mitochondrial (ACAT1), which is thought to catalyse reversible formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA during ketogenesis and ketolysis respectively. In addition to this activity, ACAT1 is also involved in isoleucine degradation pathway. Deficiency of ACAT1 is an inherited metabolic disorder, which results from a defect in mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity and is clinically characterized with patients presenting ketoacidosis. In this review I discuss the recent findings, which unexpectedly expand the known functions of ACAT1, indicating a role for ACAT1 well beyond its classical activity. Indeed ACAT1 has recently been shown to possess an acetyltransferase activity capable of specifically acetylating Pyruvate DeHydrogenase (PDH), an enzyme involved in producing acetyl-CoA. ACAT1-dependent acetylation of PDH was shown to negatively regulate this enzyme with a consequence in Warburg effect and tumor growth. Finally, the elevated ACAT1 enzyme activity in diverse human cancer cell lines was recently reported. These important novel findings on ACAT1's function and expression in cancer cell proliferation point to ACAT1 as a potential new anti-cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Goudarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lin Y, Gao H, Lin C, Chen Y, Zhou S, Lin W, Zheng Z, Li X, Li M, Fu Q. Biochemical, Clinical, and Genetic Characteristics of Short/Branched Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Chinese Patients by Newborn Screening. Front Genet 2019; 10:802. [PMID: 31555323 PMCID: PMC6727870 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of impaired isoleucine catabolism caused by mutations in the ACADSB gene. There are limited SBCADD cases worldwide and to date no Chinese patients with SBCADD have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical, clinical information, and genotypes of twelve patients with SBCADD in China for the first time. The estimated incidence of SBCADD was 1 in 30,379 in Quanzhou, China. The initial newborn screening (NBS) results revealed that all patients showed slightly or moderately elevated C5 concentrations with C5/C2 and C5/C3 ratios in the reference range, which has the highest risk of being missed. All patients who underwent urinary organic acid analysis showed elevation of 2-methylburtyrylglycine in urine. All patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis, and had normal growth and development during follow-up. Eight different variants in the ACADSB gene, including five previously unreported variants were identified, namely c.596A > G (p.Tyr199Cys), c.653T > C (p.Leu218Pro), c.746del (p.Pro249Leufs*15), c.886G > T (p.Gly296*) and c.923G > A (p.Cys308Tyr). The most common variant was c.1165A > G (33.3%), followed by c.275C > G (20.8%). All previously unreported variants may cause structural damage and dysfunction of SBCAD, as predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Thus, our findings indicate that SBCADD may be more frequent in the Chinese population than previously thought and newborn screening, combined with genetic testing is important for timely diagnosis. Although the clinical course of Chinese patients with SBCADD is likely benign, longitudinal follow-up may be helpful to better understand the natural history of SBCADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Lin
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hongzhi Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Lin
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weihua Lin
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhu Zheng
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital Quanzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingliu Fu
- Neonatal Disease Screening Center, Quanzhou Maternal and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
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10
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Moore SC, Playdon MC, Sampson JN, Hoover RN, Trabert B, Matthews CE, Ziegler RG. A Metabolomics Analysis of Body Mass Index and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 110:588-597. [PMID: 29325144 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain elusive. Methods In a nested case-control study of 621 postmenopausal breast cancer case participants and 621 matched control participants, we measured 617 metabolites in prediagnostic serum. We calculated partial Pearson correlations between metabolites and BMI, and then evaluated BMI-associated metabolites (Bonferroni-corrected α level for 617 statistical tests = P < 8.10 × 10-5) in relation to invasive breast cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) of breast cancer comparing the 90th vs 10th percentile (modeled on a continuous basis) were estimated using conditional logistic regression while controlling for breast cancer risk factors, including BMI. Metabolites with the lowest P values (false discovery rate < 0.2) were mutually adjusted for one another to determine those independently associated with breast cancer risk. Results Of 67 BMI-associated metabolites, two were independently associated with invasive breast cancer risk: 16a-hydroxy-DHEA-3-sulfate (OR = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22 to 2.22) and 3-methylglutarylcarnitine (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.30). Four metabolites were independently associated with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer risk: 16a-hydroxy-DHEA-3-sulfate (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.27 to 2.67), 3-methylglutarylcarnitine (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.96), allo-isoleucine (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.51), and 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.22 to 2.91). In a model without metabolites, each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a 14% higher risk of breast cancer (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.28), but adding 16a-hydroxy-DHEA-3-sulfate and 3-methylglutarylcarnitine weakened this association (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.20), with the logOR attenuating by 57.6% (95% CI = 21.8% to 100.0+%). Conclusion These four metabolites may signal metabolic pathways that contribute to breast carcinogenesis and that underlie the association of BMI with increased postmenopausal breast cancer risk. These findings warrant further replication efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Mary C Playdon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Regina G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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11
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WU D, LU B, YANG J, YANG R, HUANG X, TONG F, ZHENG J, ZHAO Z. [Genetic analysis of newborns with abnormal metabolism of 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:390-396. [PMID: 31901042 PMCID: PMC8800779 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.08.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the genetic characterization of 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine (C5-OH) metabolic abnormality in neonates. METHODS Fifty two newborns with increased C5-OH, C5-OH/C3 and C5-OH/C8 detected by tandem mass spectrometry during neonatal screening were enrolled in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood samples of 52 cases and their parents. Seventy-nine genes associated with genetic and metabolic diseases including MCCC1, MCCC2 were targeted by liquid capture technique. Variation information of these genes was examined by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, and then was classified based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) standards and guidelines. The genetic types were classified as wild-type, MCCC1-maternal-mutation, MCCC1-paternal-mutation and MCCC2-mutation. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed for the increased multiples of C5-OH calculated in neonatal screening. RESULTS Twenty one MCCC1 variants (14 novel) were identified in 37 cases, 6 MCCC2 variants (5 novel) in 4 cases. The increased multiple of C5-OH calculated in MCCC1-maternal-mutation and MCCC2-mutation groups were significantly higher than that in wild-type group (all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between MCCC1-paternal-mutation group and wild-type group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mutations on MCCC1 and MCCC2 genes are the major genetic causes for the increased C5-OH in neonates, and maternal single heterozygous mutation can contribute to the moderately to severely increased C5-OH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhengyan ZHAO
- 赵正言(1953—), 男, 硕士, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事遗传代谢病和儿童保健学研究; E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-2578
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12
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Porta F, Chiesa N, Martinelli D, Spada M. Clinical, biochemical, and molecular spectrum of short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: two new cases and review of literature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:101-108. [PMID: 30730842 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Short/branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism with uncertain clinical significance. As it leads to C5-carnitine (i.e. isovalerylcarnitine, 2methylbutyrilcarnitine, or pivaloylcarnitine) elevation, SBCAD deficiency is detectable at newborn screening, requiring differential diagnosis from isovaleric acidemia and pivalic acid administration. Increased urinary excretion of 2-methylbutyrylglycine (2MBG) is the hallmark of SBCAD deficiency. Methods We report two cases of SBCAD deficiency and provide a review of the available literature on this condition. Results Two siblings newly diagnosed with SBCAD deficiency are reported. Newborn screening allowed the early diagnosis in the second-born (C5=0.5 μmol/L, normal 0.05-0.3 μmol/L) and addressed selective screening in the 5-year asymptomatic brother (C5=1.9 μmol/L). Both patients showed increased urinary excretion of 2MBG and two mutations in the ACADSB gene (c.443C>T/c.1145C>T). Currently, both the patients are asymptomatic. Longitudinal biochemical monitoring of the two patients while on treatment with carnitine (100 mg/kg/day) was provided. Based on our experience and the literature review (162 patients), SBCAD deficiency is symptomatic in about 10% of reported patients. Clinical onset occurs in newborns or later in life with seizures, developmental delay, hypotonia, and failure to thrive. On longitudinal follow-up, epilepsy, developmental delay, microcephaly, and autism can develop. Acute metabolic decompensation due to catabolic stressors can occur, as observed in one newly reported patient. Fifteen mutations in the ACADSB gene are known, including the newly identified variant c.1145C>T (p.Thr382Met), variably associated to the phenotype. In the Hmong population, SBCAD deficiency is highly prevalent, mostly due to the founder mutation c.1165A>G, and is largely asymptomatic. Conclusions Although mostly asymptomatic, considering SBCAD deficiency as a non-disease in non-Hmong subjects appears unsafe. Catabolic situations can precipitate acute metabolic decompensation. Carnitine supplementation and valproate avoidance appear to be indicated. Providing an emergency protocol for the management of acute catabolic episodes seems reasonable in asymptomatic patients with SBCAD deficiency. Longitudinal follow-up is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Porta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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13
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Zhao H, Li T, Zhao Y, Tan T, Liu C, Liu Y, Chang L, Huang N, Li C, Fan Y, Yu Y, Li R, Qiao J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Human Oocytes: Environment-Driven Metabolic Competition and Compensatory Mechanisms During Oocyte Maturation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:542-559. [PMID: 29486586 PMCID: PMC6338670 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The mechanisms coordinating maturation with an environment-driven metabolic shift, a critical step in determining the developmental potential of human in vitro maturation (IVM) oocytes, remain to be elucidated. Here we explored the key genes regulating human oocyte maturation using single-cell RNA sequencing and illuminated the compensatory mechanism from a metabolic perspective by analyzing gene expression. RESULTS Three key genes that encode CoA-related enzymes were screened from the RNA sequencing data. Two of them, ACAT1 and HADHA, were closely related to the regulation of substrate production in the Krebs cycle. Dysfunction of the Krebs cycle was induced by decreases in the activity of specific enzymes. Furthermore, the activator of these enzymes, the calcium concentration, was also decreased because of the failure of influx of exogenous calcium. Although release of endogenous calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria met the requirement for maturation, excessive release resulted in aneuploidy and developmental incompetence. High nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase expression induced NADPH dehydrogenation to compensate for the NADH shortage resulting from the dysfunction of the Krebs cycle. Importantly, high NADP+ levels activated DPYD to enhance the repair of DNA double-strand breaks to maintain euploidy. INNOVATION The present study shows for the first time that exposure to the in vitro environment can lead to the decline of energy metabolism in human oocytes during maturation but that a compensatory action maintains their developmental competence. CONCLUSION In vitro maturation of human oocytes is mediated through a cascade of competing and compensatory actions driven by genes encoding enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcui Zhao
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Tianjie Li
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tan
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China .,2 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming, China
| | - Changyu Liu
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yali Liu
- 3 Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chang
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Ning Huang
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Chang Li
- 2 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming, China
| | - Yong Fan
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China .,3 Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing, China
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14
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Guerrero RB, Salazar D, Tanpaiboon P. Laboratory diagnostic approaches in metabolic disorders. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:470. [PMID: 30740401 PMCID: PMC6331366 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) takes many forms. Due to the implementation and advances in newborn screening (NBS), the diagnosis of many IEM has become relatively easy utilizing laboratory biomarkers. For the majority of IEM, early diagnosis prevents the onset of severe clinical symptoms, thus reducing morbidity and mortality. However, due to molecular, biochemical, and clinical variability of IEM, not all disorders included in NBS programs will be detected and diagnosed by screening alone. This article provides a general overview and simplified guidelines for the diagnosis of IEM in patients with and without an acute metabolic decompensation, with early or late onset of clinical symptoms. The proper use of routine laboratory results in the initial patient assessment is also discussed, which can help guide efficient ordering of specialized laboratory tests to confirm a potential diagnosis and initiate treatment as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Bonilla Guerrero
- Formerly Quest Diagnostics, Inc., Ruben Bonilla Guerrero, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, USA
| | - Denise Salazar
- Quest Diagnostics, Inc., Denise Salazar and Pranoot Tanpaiboon, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
| | - Pranoot Tanpaiboon
- Quest Diagnostics, Inc., Denise Salazar and Pranoot Tanpaiboon, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA
- Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s National Rare Disease Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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15
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Marshall AC, Bond CS, Bruning JB. Structure of Aspergillus fumigatus Cytosolic Thiolase: Trapped Tetrahedral Reaction Intermediates and Activation by Monovalent Cations. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Marshall
- Institute
for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Charles S. Bond
- School
of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - John B. Bruning
- Institute
for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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16
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Su L, Li X, Lin R, Sheng H, Feng Z, Liu L. Clinical and molecular analysis of 6 Chinese patients with isoleucine metabolism defects: identification of 3 novel mutations in the HSD17B10 and ACAT1 gene. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:2063-2071. [PMID: 28875337 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) and mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (β-KT) are two adjacent enzymes for the degradation of isoleucine, thus HSD10 and β-KT deficiencies are confusing at an early stage because of nearly the same elevation of typical metabolites in urine, such as 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid (2M3HBA) and tiglylglycine (TG). In order to better understand the differences between these two disorders, we described the clinical and molecular characteristics of two HSD10 deficiency patients and four β-KT deficiency patients. β-KT deficiency patients had a much more favorable outcome than that of HSD10 deficiency patients, indicating that the multifunction of HSD10, especially neurosteroid metabolic activity, other than only enzymatic degradation of isoleucine, is involved in the pathogenesis of HSD10 deficiency. Two different mutations, a novel mutation p.Ile175Met and a reported mutation p.Arg226Gln, were detected in the HSD17B10 gene of HSD10 deficiency patients. Six different mutations, including four known mutations: p.Ala333Pro, p.Thr297Lys, c.83_84delAT, c.1006-1G > C, and two novel mutations: p.Thr277Pro and c.121-3C > G were identified in the ACAT1 gene of β-KT deficiency patients. In general, DNA diagnosis played an important role in distinguishing between these two disorders.
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MESH Headings
- 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases/genetics
- Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase/genetics
- Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase/deficiency
- Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase/genetics
- Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase/metabolism
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnostic imaging
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/metabolism
- Brain/diagnostic imaging
- Child, Preschool
- China
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Dyskinesias/diagnosis
- Dyskinesias/diagnostic imaging
- Dyskinesias/genetics
- Dyskinesias/metabolism
- Epilepsy/genetics
- Epilepsy/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Isoleucine/metabolism
- Male
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/diagnosis
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/diagnostic imaging
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/genetics
- Mental Retardation, X-Linked/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Su
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Ruizhu Lin
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Huiying Sheng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Zhichun Feng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Bayi Children's Hospital, Clinical Medical College in PLA Army General Hospital, Southern Medical University, Beijing, 100007, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
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17
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Liu S, Yu H, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Bu C, Yuan S, Chen Z, Xie G, Li W, Xu B, Yang J, He L, Jin T, Xiong Y, Sun L, Liu X, Han C, Cheng Z, Liang J, Shang Y. Chromodomain Protein CDYL Acts as a Crotonyl-CoA Hydratase to Regulate Histone Crotonylation and Spermatogenesis. Mol Cell 2017; 67:853-866.e5. [PMID: 28803779 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a newly identified histone modification that is associated with active transcription in mammalian cells. Here we report that the chromodomain Y-like transcription corepressor CDYL negatively regulates histone Kcr by acting as a crotonyl-CoA hydratase to convert crotonyl-CoA to β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. We showed that the negative regulation of histone Kcr by CDYL is intrinsically linked to its transcription repression activity and functionally implemented in the reactivation of sex chromosome-linked genes in round spermatids and genome-wide histone replacement in elongating spermatids. Significantly, Cdyl transgenic mice manifest dysregulation of histone Kcr and reduction of male fertility with a decreased epididymal sperm count and sperm cell motility. Our study uncovers a biochemical pathway in the regulation of histone Kcr and implicates CDYL-regulated histone Kcr in spermatogenesis, adding to the understanding of the physiology of male reproduction and the mechanism of the spermatogenic failure in AZFc (Azoospermia Factor c)-deleted infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huajing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Bu
- Jingjie PTM BioLab (Hangzhou), Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guojia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wanjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bosen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yundong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhongyi Cheng
- Jingjie PTM BioLab (Hangzhou), Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yongfeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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18
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Wojcik MH, Wierenga KJ, Rodan LH, Sahai I, Ferdinandusse S, Genetti CA, Towne MC, Peake RWA, James PM, Beggs AH, Brownstein CA, Berry GT, Agrawal PB. Beta-Ketothiolase Deficiency Presenting with Metabolic Stroke After a Normal Newborn Screen in Two Individuals. JIMD Rep 2017; 39:45-54. [PMID: 28726122 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2017_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-ketothiolase (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase) deficiency is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization that predisposes to episodic ketoacidosis. It results from biallelic pathogenic variants in the ACAT1 gene, encoding mitochondrial beta-ketothiolase. We report two cases of beta-ketothiolase deficiency presenting with acute ketoacidosis and "metabolic stroke." The first patient presented at 28 months of age with metabolic acidosis and pallidal stroke in the setting of a febrile gastrointestinal illness. Although 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid and trace quantities of tiglylglycine were present in urine, a diagnosis of glutaric acidemia type I was initially suspected due to the presence of glutaric and 3-hydroxyglutaric acids. A diagnosis of beta-ketothiolase deficiency was ultimately made through whole exome sequencing which revealed compound heterozygous variants in ACAT1. Fibroblast studies for beta-ketothiolase enzyme activity were confirmatory. The second patient presented at 6 months of age with ketoacidosis, and was found to have elevations of urinary 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-methylacetoacetic acid, and tiglylglycine. Sequencing of ACAT1 demonstrated compound heterozygous presumed causative variants. The patient exhibited choreoathethosis 2 months after the acute metabolic decompensation. These cases highlight that, similar to a number of other organic acidemias and mitochondrial disorders, beta-ketothiolase deficiency can present with metabolic stroke. They also illustrate the variability in clinical presentation, imaging, and biochemical evaluation that make screening for and diagnosis of this rare disorder challenging, and further demonstrate the value of whole exome sequencing in the diagnosis of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica H Wojcik
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Klaas J Wierenga
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lance H Rodan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inderneel Sahai
- New England Newborn Screening Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casie A Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan C Towne
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy W A Peake
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip M James
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine A Brownstein
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard T Berry
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Paquay S, Bourillon A, Pichard S, Benoist JF, de Lonlay P, Dobbelaere D, Fouilhoux A, Guffon N, Rouvet I, Labarthe F, Mention K, Touati G, Valayannopoulos V, Ogier de Baulny H, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Acquaviva-Bourdain C, Vianey-Saban C, Schiff M. Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency: basal ganglia impairment may occur independently of ketoacidosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:415-422. [PMID: 28255778 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency affects ketone body and isoleucine catabolism. Neurological impairment may occur secondary to ketoacidotic episodes. However, we observed neuromotor abnormalities without ketoacidotic events in two T2-deficient families. We hypothesized that the neurological signs were related to the genetic defect and may occur independently of ketoacidotic episodes. We therefore conducted a retrospective review on a French T2-deficient patient series searching for neuromotor impairment. METHODS In total, 26 cases were retrospectively analysed for clinical, biological and neuroimaging data. RESULTS Neurological findings were observed for 6/26 (23%) patients. Among these, two had never experienced ketoacidotic episodes, though they developed extrapyramidal signs with putamen involvement. Two of the other four patients developed neurological abnormalities before the first ketoacidotic crisis, with putamen involvement in one case. The third patient developed extrapyramidal symptoms more than 10 years after the initial decompensation with globus pallidus involvement. The last patient developed extrapyramidal signs immediately after a severe ketoacidotic crisis with putaminal lesions. CONCLUSIONS Most T2-deficient patients achieved normal neurodevelopment. However, on account of the role of T2 in isoleucine catabolism, these patients are potentially exposed to accumulation of toxic isoleucine-derived metabolites, which may contribute to neurological impairment. Our findings confirm previous observations that neurological symptoms in T2 deficiency may occur unrelated to ketoacidosis. The role of protein restriction as a preventive measure against neurological symptoms could not be established in this study and deserves further evaluation. Long-term follow-up data on children diagnosed by newborn screening may clarify the pathogenesis of this neurometabolic association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Paquay
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 Bd Sérurier, Paris, F-75935 Cedex 19, France
- Pediatric Neurology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Samia Pichard
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 Bd Sérurier, Paris, F-75935 Cedex 19, France
| | | | - Pascale de Lonlay
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dries Dobbelaere
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases in Child and Adulthood, University Children's Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Alain Fouilhoux
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, CHU Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Guffon
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, CHU Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Rouvet
- Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire et Biothèque, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Karine Mention
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases in Child and Adulthood, University Children's Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Guy Touati
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Vassili Valayannopoulos
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris, France
- Sanofi-Genzyme, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hélène Ogier de Baulny
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 Bd Sérurier, Paris, F-75935 Cedex 19, France
| | | | - Cécile Acquaviva-Bourdain
- Service Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et Dépistage Néonatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christine Vianey-Saban
- Service Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et Dépistage Néonatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CHU Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Robert Debré University Hospital, 48 Bd Sérurier, Paris, F-75935 Cedex 19, France.
- UMR1141, PROTECT, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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20
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Abstract
The three essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, share the first enzymatic steps in their metabolic pathways, including a reversible transamination followed by an irreversible oxidative decarboxylation to coenzyme-A derivatives. The respective oxidative pathways subsequently diverge and at the final steps yield acetyl- and/or propionyl-CoA that enter the Krebs cycle. Many disorders in these pathways are diagnosed through expanded newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is the only disorder of the group that is associated with elevated body fluid levels of the BCAAs. Due to the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation step distal enzymatic blocks in the pathways do not result in the accumulation of amino acids, but rather to CoA-activated small carboxylic acids identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of urine and are therefore classified as organic acidurias. Disorders in these pathways can present with a neonatal onset severe-, or chronic intermittent- or progressive forms. Metabolic instability and increased morbidity and mortality are shared between inborn errors in the BCAA pathways, while treatment options remain limited, comprised mainly of dietary management and in some cases solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Manoli
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C P Venditti
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Richardson A, Berry GT, Garganta C, Abbott MA. Hydroxysteroid 17-Beta Dehydrogenase Type 10 Disease in Siblings. JIMD Rep 2016; 32:25-32. [PMID: 27295195 PMCID: PMC5355379 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2016_547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10) deficiency (HSD10 disease) is a rare X-linked neurodegenerative condition caused by abnormalities in the HSD17B10 gene. A total of 10 mutations have been reported in the literature since 2000. Described phenotypes include a severe neonatal or progressive infantile form with hypotonia, choreoathetosis, seizures, cardiomyopathy, neurodegeneration, and death, as well as an attenuated form with variable regression. Here we present the second report of a c.194T>C (p.V65A) mutation in two half-brothers with a clinical phenotype characterized by neurodevelopmental delay, choreoathetosis, visual loss, cardiac findings, and behavioral abnormalities, with regressions now noted in the older sibling. Neither has experienced a metabolic crisis. Both of the siblings had normal tandem mass spectroscopy analysis of their newborn screening samples. The older brother's phenotype may be complicated by the presence of a 3q29 microduplication. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, as the characteristic urine organic acid pattern may escape detection. The exact pathogenic mechanism of disease remains to be elucidated, but may involve the non-dehydrogenase functionalities of the HSD10 protein. Our report highlights clinical features of two patients with the less fulminant phenotype associated with a V65A mutation, compares the reported phenotypes to date, and reviews recent findings regarding the potential pathophysiology of this condition.Summary Sentence Hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10) disease (HSD10 disease) is a rare X-linked neurodegenerative condition with a variable clinical phenotype; diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annely Richardson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children's Hospital, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA.
| | | | | | - Mary-Alice Abbott
- Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Children's Hospital, Springfield, MA, 01199, USA
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22
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Sanchez MIGL, Shearwood AMJ, Chia T, Davies SMK, Rackham O, Filipovska A. Estrogen-mediated regulation of mitochondrial gene expression. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 29:14-27. [PMID: 25375021 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens, in particular 17β-estradiol, are well-known regulators of essential cellular functions; however, discrepancies remain over the mechanisms by which they act on mitochondria. Here we propose a novel mechanism for the direct regulation of mitochondrial gene expression by estrogen under metabolic stress. We show that in serum-depleted medium, estrogen stimulates a rapid relocation of estrogen receptor-α to mitochondria, in which it elicits a cellular response, resulting in an increase in mitochondrial RNA abundance. Mitochondrial RNA levels are regulated through the association of estrogen receptor-α with 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10, a multifunctional protein involved in steroid metabolism that is also a core subunit of the mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex responsible for the cleavage of mitochondrial polycistronic transcripts. Processing of mitochondrial transcripts affects mitochondrial gene expression by controlling the levels of mature RNAs available for translation. This work provides the first mechanism linking RNA processing and estrogen activation in mitochondrial gene expression and underscores the coordinated response between the nucleus and mitochondria in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I G Lopez Sanchez
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research (M.I.G.L.S., A.-M.J.S., T.-S.C., S.M.K.D., O.R., A.F.), Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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23
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Falk MJ, Gai X, Shigematsu M, Vilardo E, Takase R, McCormick E, Christian T, Place E, Pierce EA, Consugar M, Gamper HB, Rossmanith W, Hou YM. A novel HSD17B10 mutation impairing the activities of the mitochondrial RNase P complex causes X-linked intractable epilepsy and neurodevelopmental regression. RNA Biol 2016; 13:477-85. [PMID: 26950678 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1159381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a Caucasian boy with intractable epilepsy and global developmental delay. Whole-exome sequencing identified the likely genetic etiology as a novel p.K212E mutation in the X-linked gene HSD17B10 for mitochondrial short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR5C1. Mutations in HSD17B10 cause the HSD10 disease, traditionally classified as a metabolic disorder due to the role of SDR5C1 in fatty and amino acid metabolism. However, SDR5C1 is also an essential subunit of human mitochondrial RNase P, the enzyme responsible for 5'-processing and methylation of purine-9 of mitochondrial tRNAs. Here we show that the p.K212E mutation impairs the SDR5C1-dependent mitochondrial RNase P activities, and suggest that the pathogenicity of p.K212E is due to a general mitochondrial dysfunction caused by reduction in SDR5C1-dependent maturation of mitochondrial tRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni J Falk
- a Division of Human Genetics , Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- c Center for Personalized Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Megumi Shigematsu
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Elisa Vilardo
- e Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Ryuichi Takase
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Elizabeth McCormick
- a Division of Human Genetics , Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Thomas Christian
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Emily Place
- a Division of Human Genetics , Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,f Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Eric A Pierce
- f Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Mark Consugar
- f Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Howard B Gamper
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Walter Rossmanith
- e Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Ya-Ming Hou
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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24
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Ferdinandusse S, Friederich MW, Burlina A, Ruiter JPN, Coughlin CR, Dishop MK, Gallagher RC, Bedoyan JK, Vaz FM, Waterham HR, Gowan K, Chatfield K, Bloom K, Bennett MJ, Elpeleg O, Van Hove JLK, Wanders RJA. Clinical and biochemical characterization of four patients with mutations in ECHS1. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:79. [PMID: 26081110 PMCID: PMC4474341 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (SCEH, encoded by ECHS1) catalyzes hydration of 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs to 3(S)-hydroxy-acyl-CoAs. SCEH has a broad substrate specificity and is believed to play an important role in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids. Recently, the first patients with SCEH deficiency have been reported revealing only a defect in valine catabolism. We investigated the role of SCEH in fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid metabolism in four newly identified patients. In addition, because of the Leigh-like presentation, we studied enzymes involved in bioenergetics. METHODS Metabolite, enzymatic, protein and genetic analyses were performed in four patients, including two siblings. Palmitate loading studies in fibroblasts were performed to study mitochondrial β-oxidation. In addition, enoyl-CoA hydratase activity was measured with crotonyl-CoA, methacrylyl-CoA, tiglyl-CoA and 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA both in fibroblasts and liver to further study the role of SCEH in different metabolic pathways. Analyses of pyruvate dehydrogenase and respiratory chain complexes were performed in multiple tissues of two patients. RESULTS All patients were either homozygous or compound heterozygous for mutations in the ECHS1 gene, had markedly reduced SCEH enzymatic activity and protein level in fibroblasts. All patients presented with lactic acidosis. The first two patients presented with vacuolating leukoencephalopathy and basal ganglia abnormalities. The third patient showed a slow neurodegenerative condition with global brain atrophy and the fourth patient showed Leigh-like lesions with a single episode of metabolic acidosis. Clinical picture and metabolite analysis were not consistent with a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder, which was supported by the normal palmitate loading test in fibroblasts. Patient fibroblasts displayed deficient hydratase activity with different substrates tested. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was markedly reduced in particular in muscle from the most severely affected patients, which was caused by reduced expression of E2 protein, whereas E2 mRNA was increased. CONCLUSIONS Despite its activity towards substrates from different metabolic pathways, SCEH appears to be only crucial in valine metabolism, but not in isoleucine metabolism, and only of limited importance for mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. In severely affected patients SCEH deficiency can cause a secondary pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency contributing to the clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands.
| | - Marisa W Friederich
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Jos P N Ruiter
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands.
| | - Curtis R Coughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Megan K Dishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Renata C Gallagher
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Jirair K Bedoyan
- Center for Inherited Disorders of Energy Metabolism (CIDEM), University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands.
| | - Katherine Gowan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Kathryn Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn Bloom
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, U74SA, USA.
| | - Michael J Bennett
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, U74SA, USA.
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands.
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Vilardo E, Rossmanith W. Molecular insights into HSD10 disease: impact of SDR5C1 mutations on the human mitochondrial RNase P complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:5112-9. [PMID: 25925575 PMCID: PMC4446446 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SDR5C1 is an amino and fatty acid dehydrogenase/reductase, moonlighting as a component of human mitochondrial RNase P, which is the enzyme removing 5′-extensions of tRNAs, an early and crucial step in tRNA maturation. Moreover, a subcomplex of mitochondrial RNase P catalyzes the N1-methylation of purines at position 9, a modification found in most mitochondrial tRNAs and thought to stabilize their structure. Missense mutations in SDR5C1 cause a disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and cardiomyopathy, called HSD10 disease. We have investigated the effect of selected mutations on SDR5C1's functions. We show that pathogenic mutations impair SDR5C1-dependent dehydrogenation, tRNA processing and methylation. Some mutations disrupt the homotetramerization of SDR5C1 and/or impair its interaction with TRMT10C, the methyltransferase subunit of the mitochondrial RNase P complex. We propose that the structural and functional alterations of SDR5C1 impair mitochondrial RNA processing and modification, leading to the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in HSD10 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vilardo
- Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Rossmanith
- Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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26
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Chatfield KC, Coughlin CR, Friederich MW, Gallagher RC, Hesselberth JR, Lovell MA, Ofman R, Swanson MA, Thomas JA, Wanders RJA, Wartchow EP, Van Hove JLK. Mitochondrial energy failure in HSD10 disease is due to defective mtDNA transcript processing. Mitochondrion 2015; 21:1-10. [PMID: 25575635 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Muscle, heart and liver were analyzed in a male subject who succumbed to HSD10 disease. Respiratory chain enzyme analysis and BN-PAGE showed reduced activities and assembly of complexes I, III, IV, and V. The mRNAs of all RNase P subunits were preserved in heart and overexpressed in muscle, but MRPP2 protein was severely decreased. RNase P upregulation correlated with increased expression of mitochondrial biogenesis factors and preserved mitochondrial enzymes in muscle, but not in heart where this compensatory mechanism was incomplete. We demonstrate elevated amounts of unprocessed pre-tRNAs and mRNA transcripts encoding mitochondrial subunits indicating deficient RNase P activity. This study provides evidence of abnormal mitochondrial RNA processing causing mitochondrial energy failure in HSD10 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Chatfield
- Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Curtis R Coughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marisa W Friederich
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Renata C Gallagher
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark A Lovell
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rob Ofman
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Janet A Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric P Wartchow
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Law CY, Lam CW, Ching CK, Yau KCE, Ho TW, Lai CK, Mak CM. NMR-based urinalysis for beta-ketothiolase deficiency. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 438:222-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Van Calcar SC, Baker MW, Williams P, Jones SA, Xiong B, Thao MC, Lee S, Yang MK, Rice GM, Rhead W, Vockley J, Hoffman G, Durkin MS. Prevalence and mutation analysis of short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD) detected on newborn screening in Wisconsin. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:111-5. [PMID: 23712021 PMCID: PMC5006389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD), also called 2-methylbutyryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (2-MBCDD), is a disorder of l-isoleucine metabolism of uncertain clinical significance. SBCADD is inadvertently detected on expanded newborn screening by elevated 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5), which has the same mass to charge (m/s) on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) as isovalerylcarnitine (C5), an analyte that is elevated in isovaleric acidemia (IVA), a disorder in leucine metabolism. SBCADD cases identified in the Hmong-American population have been found in association with the c.1165 A>G mutation in the ACADSB gene. The purposes of this study were to: (a) estimate the prevalence of SBCADD and carrier frequency of the c.1165 A>G mutation in the Hmong ethnic group; (b) determine whether the c.1165 A>G mutation is common to all Hmong newborns screening positive for SBCADD; and (c) evaluate C5 acylcarnitine cut-off values to detect and distinguish between SBCADD and IVA diagnoses. During the first 10years of expanded newborn screening using MS/MS in Wisconsin (2001-2011), 97 infants had elevated C5 values (≥0.44μmol/L), of whom five were Caucasian infants confirmed to have IVA. Of the remaining 92 confirmed SBCADD cases, 90 were of Hmong descent. Mutation analysis was completed on an anonymous, random sample of newborn screening cards (n=1139) from Hmong infants. Fifteen infants, including nine who had screened positive for SBCADD based on a C5 acylcarnitine concentration ≥0.44μmol/L, were homozygous for the c.1165 A>G mutation. This corresponds to a prevalence in this ethnic group of being homozygous for the mutation of 1.3% (95% confidence interval 0.8-2.2%) and of being heterozygous for the mutation of 21.8% (95% confidence interval 19.4-24.3%), which is consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Detection of homozygous individuals who were not identified on newborn screening suggests that the C5 screening cut-off would need to be as low as 0.20μmol/L to detect all infants homozygous for the ACADSB c.1165 A>G mutation. However, lowering the screening cut-off to 0.20 would also result in five "false positive" (non-homozygous) screening results in the Hmong population for every c.1165 A>G homozygote detected. Increasing the cut-off to 0.60μmol/L and requiring elevated C5/C2 (acetylcarnitine) and C5/C3 (propionylcarnitine) ratios to flag a screen as abnormal would reduce the number of infants screening positive, but would still result in an estimated 5 infants with SBCADD per year who would require follow-up and additional biochemical testing to distinguish between SBCADD and IVA diagnoses. Further research is needed to determine the clinical outcomes of SBCADD detected on newborn screening and the c.1165 A>G mutation before knowing whether the optimal screening cut-off would minimize true positives or false negatives for SBCADD associated with this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C. Van Calcar
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mei W. Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Newborn Screening Program, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Phillip Williams
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan A. Jones
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Blia Xiong
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mai Choua Thao
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sheng Lee
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mai Khou Yang
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Greg M. Rice
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William Rhead
- Genetics Clinic, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Hoffman
- Newborn Screening Program, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maureen S. Durkin
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Corresponding author at: Population Heath Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA., Fax: +1 608 263 2820., (M.S. Durkin)
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Still AJ, Floyd BJ, Hebert AS, Bingman CA, Carson JJ, Gunderson DR, Dolan BK, Grimsrud PA, Dittenhafer-Reed KE, Stapleton DS, Keller MP, Westphall MS, Denu JM, Attie AD, Coon JJ, Pagliarini DJ. Quantification of mitochondrial acetylation dynamics highlights prominent sites of metabolic regulation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26209-26219. [PMID: 23864654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.483396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is rapidly becoming established as a key post-translational modification for regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Nonetheless, distinguishing regulatory sites from among the thousands identified by mass spectrometry and elucidating how these modifications alter enzyme function remain primary challenges. Here, we performed multiplexed quantitative mass spectrometry to measure changes in the mouse liver mitochondrial acetylproteome in response to acute and chronic alterations in nutritional status, and integrated these data sets with our compendium of predicted Sirt3 targets. These analyses highlight a subset of mitochondrial proteins with dynamic acetylation sites, including acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (Acat1), an enzyme central to multiple metabolic pathways. We performed in vitro biochemistry and molecular modeling to demonstrate that acetylation of Acat1 decreases its activity by disrupting the binding of coenzyme A. Collectively, our data reveal an important new target of regulatory acetylation and provide a foundation for investigating the role of select mitochondrial protein acetylation sites in mediating acute and chronic metabolic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander S Hebert
- Chemistry, and; Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael S Westphall
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | | | - Joshua J Coon
- Chemistry, and; Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Biomolecular Chemistry and
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Dercksen M, IJlst L, Duran M, Mienie LJ, van Cruchten A, van der Westhuizen FH, Wanders RJA. Inhibition of N-acetylglutamate synthase by various monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic short-chain coenzyme A esters and the production of alternative glutamate esters. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:2510-6. [PMID: 23643712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia is a frequent finding in various organic acidemias. One possible mechanism involves the inhibition of the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS), by short-chain acyl-CoAs which accumulate due to defective catabolism of amino acids and/or fatty acids in the cell. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various acyl-CoAs on the activity of NAGS in conjunction with the formation of glutamate esters. NAGS activity was measured in vitro using a sensitive enzyme assay with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) product analysis. Propionyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA proved to be the most powerful inhibitors of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) formation. Branched-chain amino acid related CoAs (isovaleryl-CoA, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA, isobutyryl-CoA) showed less pronounced inhibition of NAGS whereas the dicarboxylic short-chain acyl-CoAs (methylmalonyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, glutaryl-CoA) had the least inhibitory effect. Subsequent work showed that the most powerful inhibitors also proved to be the best substrates in the formation of N-acylglutamates. Furthermore, we identified N-isovalerylglutamate, N-3-methylcrotonylglutamate and N-isobutyrylglutamate (the latter two in trace amounts), in the urines of patients with different organic acidemias. Collectively, these findings explain one of the contributing factors to secondary hyperammonemia, which lead to the reduced in vivo flux through the urea cycle in organic acidemias and result in the inadequate elimination of ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dercksen
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Centre for Human Metabonomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Hoffman street 11, Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2520.
| | - L IJlst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Duran
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L J Mienie
- Centre for Human Metabonomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Hoffman street 11, Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2520
| | - A van Cruchten
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F H van der Westhuizen
- Centre for Human Metabonomics, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Hoffman street 11, Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2520
| | - R J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Violante S, Ijlst L, Ruiter J, Koster J, van Lenthe H, Duran M, de Almeida IT, Wanders RJA, Houten SM, Ventura FV. Substrate specificity of human carnitine acetyltransferase: Implications for fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:773-9. [PMID: 23485643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Carnitine acyltransferases catalyze the reversible conversion of acyl-CoAs into acylcarnitine esters. This family includes the mitochondrial enzymes carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) and carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT). CPT2 is part of the carnitine shuttle that is necessary to import fatty acids into mitochondria and catalyzes the conversion of acylcarnitines into acyl-CoAs. In addition, when mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation is impaired, CPT2 is able to catalyze the reverse reaction and converts accumulating long- and medium-chain acyl-CoAs into acylcarnitines for export from the matrix to the cytosol. However, CPT2 is inactive with short-chain acyl-CoAs and intermediates of the branched-chain amino acid oxidation pathway (BCAAO). In order to explore the origin of short-chain and branched-chain acylcarnitines that may accumulate in various organic acidemias, we performed substrate specificity studies using purified recombinant human CrAT. Various saturated, unsaturated and branched-chain acyl-CoA esters were tested and the synthesized acylcarnitines were quantified by ESI-MS/MS. We show that CrAT converts short- and medium-chain acyl-CoAs (C2 to C10-CoA), whereas no activity was observed with long-chain species. Trans-2-enoyl-CoA intermediates were found to be poor substrates for this enzyme. Furthermore, CrAT turned out to be active towards some but not all the BCAAO intermediates tested and no activity was found with dicarboxylic acyl-CoA esters. This suggests the existence of another enzyme able to handle the acyl-CoAs that are not substrates for CrAT and CPT2, but for which the corresponding acylcarnitines are well recognized as diagnostic markers in inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Violante
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Portugal
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Tiranti V, Zeviani M. Altered sulfide (H(2)S) metabolism in ethylmalonic encephalopathy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a011437. [PMID: 23284046 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a011437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (sulfide, H(2)S) is a colorless, water-soluble gas with a typical smell of rotten eggs. In the past, it has been investigated for its role as a potent toxic gas emanating from sewers and swamps or as a by-product of industrial processes. At high concentrations, H(2)S is a powerful inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase; in trace amounts, it is an important signaling molecule, like nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), together termed "gasotransmitters." This review will cover the physiological role and the pathogenic effects of H(2)S, focusing on ethylmalonic encephalopathy, a human mitochondrial disorder caused by genetic abnormalities of sulfide metabolism. We will also discuss the options that are now conceivable for preventing genetically driven chronic H(2)S toxicity, taking into account that a complete understanding of the physiopathology of H(2)S has still to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tiranti
- Pierfranco and Luisa Mariani Center for Research on Children's Mitochondrial Disorders, Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Institute of Neurology Carlo Besta, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Foundation, Milan, Italy.
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Yang SY, Dobkin C, He XY, Philipp M, Brown WT. A 5-methylcytosine hotspot responsible for the prevalent HSD17B10 mutation. Gene 2012; 515:380-4. [PMID: 23266819 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately half of the cases of hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase X (HSD10) deficiency are due to a missense C>T mutation in exon 4 of the HSD17B10 gene. The resulting HSD10 (p.R130C) loses most or all catalytic functions, and the males with this mutation have a much more severe clinical phenotype than those carrying p.V65A, p.L122V, or p.E249Q mutations. We found that the mutated cytosine which is +2259 nucleotide from the ATG of the gene, is >90% methylated in both the active and inactive X chromosomes in two normal females as well as in the X chromosome of a normal male. Since 5-methylcytosine is prone to conversion to thymine by deamination, the methylation of this cytosine in normal X chromosomes provides an explanation for the prevalence of the p.R130C mutation among patients with HSD10 deficiency. The substitution of arginine for cysteine eliminates several hydrogen bonds and reduces the van der Waals interaction between HSD10 subunits. The resulting disruption of protein structure impairs some if not all of the catalytic and non-enzymatic functions of HSD10. A meta-analysis of residual HSD10 activity in eight patients with the p.R130C mutation showed an average 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (MHBD) activity of only 6 (±5) % of the normal control level. This is significantly lower than in cells of patients with other, clinically milder mutations and suggests that the loss of HSD10/MHBD activity is a marker for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
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van Karnebeek CDM, Stockler S. Treatable inborn errors of metabolism causing intellectual disability: a systematic literature review. Mol Genet Metab 2012; 105:368-81. [PMID: 22212131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.11.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual disability ('developmental delay' at age<5 years) affects 2.5% of population worldwide. Recommendations to investigate genetic causes of intellectual disability are based on frequencies of single conditions and on the yield of diagnostic methods, rather than availability of causal therapy. Inborn errors of metabolism constitute a subgroup of rare genetic conditions for which an increasing number of treatments has become available. To identify all currently treatable inborn errors of metabolism presenting with predominantly intellectual disability, we performed a systematic literature review. METHODS We applied Cochrane Collaboration guidelines in formulation of PICO and definitions, and searched in Pubmed (1960-2011) and relevant (online) textbooks to identify 'all inborn errors of metabolism presenting with intellectual disability as major feature'. We assessed levels of evidence of treatments and characterised the effect of treatments on IQ/development and related outcomes. RESULTS We identified a total of 81 'treatable inborn errors of metabolism' presenting with intellectual disability as a major feature, including disorders of amino acids (n=12), cholesterol and bile acid (n=2), creatine (n=3), fatty aldehydes (n=1); glucose homeostasis and transport (n=2); hyperhomocysteinemia (n=7); lysosomes (n=12), metals (n=3), mitochondria (n=2), neurotransmission (n=7); organic acids (n=19), peroxisomes (n=1), pyrimidines (n=2), urea cycle (n=7), and vitamins/co-factors (n=8). 62% (n=50) of all disorders are identified by metabolic screening tests in blood (plasma amino acids, homocysteine) and urine (creatine metabolites, glycosaminoglycans, oligosaccharides, organic acids, pyrimidines). For the remaining disorders (n=31) a 'single test per single disease' approach including primary molecular analysis is required. Therapeutic modalities include: sick-day management, diet, co-factor/vitamin supplements, substrate inhibition, stemcell transplant, gene therapy. Therapeutic effects include improvement and/or stabilisation of psychomotor/cognitive development, behaviour/psychiatric disturbances, seizures, neurologic and systemic manifestations. The levels of available evidence for the various treatments range from Level 1b,c (n=5); Level 2a,b,c (n=14); Level 4 (n=45), Level 4-5 (n=27). In clinical practice more than 60% of treatments with evidence level 4-5 is internationally accepted as 'standard of care'. CONCLUSION This literature review generated the evidence to prioritise treatability in the diagnostic evaluation of intellectual disability. Our results were translated into digital information tools for the clinician (www.treatable-id.org), which are part of a diagnostic protocol, currently implemented for evaluation of effectiveness in our institution. Treatments for these disorders are relatively accessible, affordable and with acceptable side-effects. Evidence for the majority of the therapies is limited however; international collaborations, patient registries, and novel trial methodologies are key in turning the tide for rare diseases such as these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara D M van Karnebeek
- Division of Biochemical Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver BC V6H 3V4, Vancouver, Canada.
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Valproic acid utilizes the isoleucine breakdown pathway for its complete β-oxidation. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1740-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Basu SS, Blair IA. Rotenone-mediated changes in intracellular coenzyme A thioester levels: implications for mitochondrial dysfunction. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1630-2. [PMID: 21950265 PMCID: PMC3196242 DOI: 10.1021/tx200366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone, an organic pesticide and potent mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, causes Parkinson-like neurodegeneration in rodents and is implicated in human Parkinson's disease. In this rapid report, rotenone induced a dose-dependent decrease in succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and increase in β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA in multiple human cell lines (IC(50) < 100 nM). Rotenone also inhibited [U-(13)C(6)]-glucose-derived [(13)C]-acetyl-CoA and [(13)C]-succinyl-CoA biosynthesis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. These changes are compatible with a compensatory metabolic rearrangement. Stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and CoA thioester isotopomer analysis provided insight into mechanisms of rotenone toxicity, which will facilitate the development of new biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha S. Basu
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, United States
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, United States
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Wang X, Wang H, Cao M, Li Z, Chen X, Patenia C, Gore A, Abboud EB, Al-Rajhi AA, Lewis RA, Lupski JR, Mardon G, Zhang K, Muzny D, Gibbs RA, Chen R. Whole-exome sequencing identifies ALMS1, IQCB1, CNGA3, and MYO7A mutations in patients with Leber congenital amaurosis. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:1450-9. [PMID: 21901789 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that mutations in the same retinal disease gene can result in different clinical phenotypes due to difference in the mutant allele and/or genetic background. To evaluate this, a set of consanguineous patient families with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) that do not carry mutations in known LCA disease genes was characterized through homozygosity mapping followed by targeted exon/whole-exome sequencing to identify genetic variations. Among these families, a total of five putative disease-causing mutations, including four novel alleles, were found for six families. These five mutations are located in four genes, ALMS1, IQCB1, CNGA3, and MYO7A. Therefore, in our LCA collection from Saudi Arabia, three of the 37 unassigned families carry mutations in retinal disease genes ALMS1, CNGA3, and MYO7A, which have not been previously associated with LCA, and 3 of the 37 carry novel mutations in IQCB1, which has been recently associated with LCA. Together with other reports, our results emphasize that the molecular heterogeneity underlying LCA, and likely other retinal diseases, may be highly complex. Thus, to obtain accurate diagnosis and gain a complete picture of the disease, it is essential to sequence a larger set of retinal disease genes and combine the clinical phenotype with molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Submicroscopic interstitial deletion of chromosome 11q22.3 in a girl with mild mental retardation and facial dysmorphism: Case report. Mol Cytogenet 2011; 4:17. [PMID: 21859473 PMCID: PMC3170628 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-4-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Except for terminal deletions that lead to Jacobsen syndrome, interstitial deletions involving the long arm of chromosome 11 are not frequently reported. A clinically distinct phenotype is usually observed in these cases, and no clear genotype-phenotype correlation is proposed. RESULTS Here we present a case study of a 5-year-old girl with de novo submicroscopic deletion of chromosome 11q22.3 with mild mental retardation and facial dysmorphism. A standard cytogenetic analysis did not reveal any structural aberrations. In contrary, array-CGH analysis indicated a small deletion of 11q22.3. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is the smallest 11q22.3 deletion reported in literature, containing nine RefSeq genes. Although none of the deleted genes are obvious candidates for the features observed in our patient, genes CUL5 and SLN could play a key role in the features described.
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Ganini D, Christoff M, Ehrenshaft M, Kadiiska MB, Mason RP, Bechara EJH. Myoglobin-H2O2 catalyzes the oxidation of β-ketoacids to α-dicarbonyls: mechanism and implications in ketosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:733-43. [PMID: 21609760 PMCID: PMC3619417 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acetoacetate (AA) and 2-methylacetoacetate (MAA) are accumulated in metabolic disorders such as diabetes and isoleucinemia. Here we examine the mechanism of AA and MAA aerobic oxidation initiated by myoglobin (Mb)/H(2)O(2). We propose a chemiluminescent route involving a dioxetanone intermediate whose thermolysis yields triplet α-dicarbonyl species (methylglyoxal and diacetyl). The observed ultraweak chemiluminescence increased linearly on raising the concentration of either Mb (10-500 μM) or AA (10-100 mM). Oxygen uptake studies revealed that MAA is almost a 100-fold more reactive than AA. EPR spin-trapping studies with MNP/MAA revealed the intermediacy of an α-carbon-centered radical and acetyl radical. The latter radical, probably derived from triplet diacetyl, is totally suppressed by sorbate, a well-known quencher of triplet carbonyls. Furthermore, an EPR signal assignable to MNP-AA(•) adduct was observed and confirmed by isotope effects. Oxygen consumption and α-dicarbonyl yield were shown to be dependent on AA or MAA concentrations (1-50 mM) and on H(2)O(2) or tert-butOOH added to the Mb-containing reaction mixtures. That ferrylMb is involved in a peroxidase cycle acting on the substrates is suggested by the reaction pH profiles and immunospin-trapping experiments. The generation of radicals and triplet dicarbonyl products by Mb/H(2)O(2)/β-ketoacids may contribute to the adverse health effects of ketogenic unbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ganini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Christoff
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilyn Ehrenshaft
- Free Radical Metabolism Group, Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Maria B Kadiiska
- Free Radical Metabolism Group, Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ronald P Mason
- Free Radical Metabolism Group, Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Etelvino JH Bechara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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42
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Luís PBM, Ruiter JPN, Ijlst L, Tavares de Almeida I, Duran M, Mohsen AW, Vockley J, Wanders RJA, Silva MFB. Role of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and short branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in the metabolism of valproic acid: implications for the branched-chain amino acid oxidation pathway. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:1155-60. [PMID: 21430231 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.037606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biological systems including the oxidative catabolic pathway for branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are affected in vivo by valproate therapy. In this study, we investigated the potential effect of valproic acid (VPA) and some of its metabolites on the metabolism of BCAAs. In vitro studies were performed using isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD), isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IBD), and short branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD), enzymes involved in the degradation pathway of leucine, valine, and isoleucine. The enzymatic activities of the three purified human enzymes were measured using optimized high-performance liquid chromatography procedures, and the respective kinetic parameters were determined in the absence and presence of VPA and the corresponding CoA and dephosphoCoA conjugates. Valproyl-CoA and valproyl-dephosphoCoA inhibited IVD activity significantly by a purely competitive mechanism with K(i) values of 74 ± 4 and 170 ± 12 μM, respectively. IBD activity was not affected by any of the tested VPA esters. However, valproyl-CoA did inhibit SBCAD activity by a purely competitive mechanism with a K(i) of 249 ± 29 μM. In addition, valproyl-dephosphoCoA inhibited SBCAD activity via a distinct mechanism (K(i) = 511 ± 96 μM) that appeared to be of the mixed type. Furthermore, we show that both SBCAD and IVD are active, using valproyl-CoA as a substrate. The catalytic efficiency of SBCAD turned out to be much higher than that of IVD, demonstrating that SBCAD is the most probable candidate for the first dehydrogenation step of VPA β-oxidation. Our data explain some of the effects of valproate on the branched-chain amino acid metabolism and shed new light on the biotransformation pathway of valproate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula B M Luís
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences-iMED.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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43
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Catanzano F, Ombrone D, Di Stefano C, Rossi A, Nosari N, Scolamiero E, Tandurella I, Frisso G, Parenti G, Ruoppolo M, Andria G, Salvatore F. The first case of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency identified by expanded newborn metabolic screening in Italy: the importance of an integrated diagnostic approach. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33 Suppl 3:S91-4. [PMID: 20157782 PMCID: PMC3757262 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-009-9028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A pilot expanded newborn screening programme to detect inherited metabolic disorders by means of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) began in the Campania region, southern Italy, in 2007. By October 2009, >8,800 dried blood samples on filter paper from 11 hospitals had been screened. Within this screening programme, we identified a case of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thiolase deficiency [β-ketothiolase (β-KT) deficiency] by analysing the acylcarnitine profile from a dried blood spot with LC-MS/MS. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis of urinary organic acids and LC-MS/MS analysis of urinary acylcarnitines were in line with this disorder. In fact, concentrations were well beyond the cut-off values of tiglyl carnitine, 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine and 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid and tiglyl glycine. The absence of 2-methylacetoacetic acid in urine may be attributed to: (i) the instability of this β-ketoacid because it undergoes spontaneous decarboxylation to 2-butanone, which is highly volatile and thus difficult to detect, and (ii) the good health of the patient in the first days of life. β-KT deficiency was subsequently diagnosed in the patient's older sister, who showed increased levels of the same metabolites but also small amounts of 2-methylacetoacetic acid, which is considered a key marker for β-KT diagnosis. Genomic analysis revealed mutation c.1189C >G in exon 12 of the ACAT1 gene, which results in a severe defect because of the p.H397D amino acid change in both alleles of both patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Catanzano
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Sannio, Benevento, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ombrone
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Comunale Margherita 482, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anna Rossi
- Ospedale San Luca, Vallo della Lucania, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Scolamiero
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Comunale Margherita 482, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Igor Tandurella
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Comunale Margherita 482, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Comunale Margherita 482, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Comunale Margherita 482, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Generoso Andria
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE – Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- IRCCS – Fondazione SDN, Via Crispi 8, Naples, Italy
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44
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Alfardan J, Mohsen AW, Copeland S, Ellison J, Keppen-Davis L, Rohrbach M, Powell BR, Gillis J, Matern D, Kant J, Vockley J. Characterization of new ACADSB gene sequence mutations and clinical implications in patients with 2-methylbutyrylglycinuria identified by newborn screening. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 100:333-8. [PMID: 20547083 PMCID: PMC2906669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SBCAD) deficiency, also known as 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, is a recently described autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine metabolism. Most patients reported thus far have originated from a founder mutation in the Hmong Chinese population. While the first reported patients had severe disease, most of the affected Hmong have remained asymptomatic. In this study, we describe 11 asymptomatic non-Hmong patients brought to medical attention by elevated C5-carnitine found by newborn screening and one discovered because of clinical symptoms. The diagnosis of SBCAD deficiency was determined by metabolite analysis of blood, urine, and fibroblast samples. PCR and bidirectional sequencing were performed on genomic DNA from five of the patients covering the entire SBCAD (ACADSB) gene sequence of 11 exons. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA from each patient identified variations in the SBCAD gene not previously reported. Escherichia coli expression studies revealed that the missense mutations identified lead to inactivation or instability of the mutant SBCAD enzymes. These findings confirm that SBCAD deficiency can be identified through newborn screening by acylcarnitine analysis. Our patients have been well without treatment and call for careful follow-up studies to learn the true clinical impact of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Children‘s Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jane Gillis
- IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey Kant
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, USA
- Correspondence to: Jerry Vockley, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224.
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Takei M, Ando Y, Saitoh W, Tanimoto T, Kiyosawa N, Manabe S, Sanbuissho A, Okazaki O, Iwabuchi H, Yamoto T, Adam KP, Weiel JE, Ryals JA, Milburn MV, Guo L. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether-induced toxicity is mediated through the inhibition of flavoprotein dehydrogenase enzyme family. Toxicol Sci 2010; 118:643-52. [PMID: 20616209 PMCID: PMC2984528 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) is a widely used industrial solvent known to cause adverse effects to human and other mammals. Organs with high metabolism and rapid cell division, such as testes, are especially sensitive to its actions. In order to gain mechanistic understanding of EGME-induced toxicity, an untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed in rats. Male rats were administrated with EGME at 30 and 100 mg/kg/day. At days 1, 4, and 14, serum, urine, liver, and testes were collected for analysis. Testicular injury was observed at day 14 of the 100 mg/kg/day group only. Nearly 1900 metabolites across the four matrices were profiled using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis indicated that the most significant metabolic perturbations initiated from the early time points by EGME were the inhibition of choline oxidation, branched-chain amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid β-oxidation pathways, leading to the accumulation of sarcosine, dimethylglycine, and various carnitine- and glycine-conjugated metabolites. Pathway mapping of these altered metabolites revealed that all the disrupted steps were catalyzed by enzymes in the primary flavoprotein dehydrogenase family, suggesting that inhibition of flavoprotein dehydrogenase-catalyzed reactions may represent the mode of action for EGME-induced toxicity. Similar urinary and serum metabolite signatures are known to be the hallmarks of multiple acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency in humans, a genetic disorder because of defects in primary flavoprotein dehydrogenase reactions. We postulate that disruption of key biochemical pathways utilizing flavoprotein dehydrogenases in conjugation with downstream metabolic perturbations collectively result in the EGME-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takei
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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46
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Mental retardation linked to mutations in the HSD17B10 gene interfering with neurosteroid and isoleucine metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:14820-4. [PMID: 19706438 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0902377106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the HSD17B10 gene were identified in two previously described mentally retarded males. A point mutation c.776G>C was found from a survivor (SV), whereas a potent mutation, c.419C>T, was identified in another deceased case (SF) with undetectable hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) activity. Protein levels of mutant HSD10(R130C) in patient SF and HSD10(E249Q) in patient SV were about half that of HSD10 in normal controls. The E249Q mutation appears to affect HSD10 subunit interactions, resulting in an allosteric regulatory enzyme. For catalyzing the oxidation of allopregnanolone by NAD+ the Hill coefficient of the mutant enzyme is approximately 1.3. HSD10(E249Q) was unable to catalyze the dehydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and the oxidation of allopregnanolone, a positive modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor, at low substrate concentrations. Neurosteroid homeostasis is critical for normal cognitive development, and there is increasing evidence that a blockade of isoleucine catabolism alone does not commonly cause developmental disabilities. The results support the theory that an imbalance in neurosteroid metabolism could be a major cause of the neurological handicap associated with hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 10 deficiency.
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Froyen G, Corbett M, Vandewalle J, Jarvela I, Lawrence O, Meldrum C, Bauters M, Govaerts K, Vandeleur L, Van Esch H, Chelly J, Sanlaville D, van Bokhoven H, Ropers HH, Laumonnier F, Ranieri E, Schwartz CE, Abidi F, Tarpey PS, Futreal PA, Whibley A, Raymond FL, Stratton MR, Fryns JP, Scott R, Peippo M, Sipponen M, Partington M, Mowat D, Field M, Hackett A, Marynen P, Turner G, Gécz J. Submicroscopic duplications of the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase HSD17B10 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 are associated with mental retardation. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 82:432-43. [PMID: 18252223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Submicroscopic copy-number imbalances contribute significantly to the genetic etiology of human disease. Here, we report a novel microduplication hot spot at Xp11.22 identified in six unrelated families with predominantly nonsyndromic XLMR. All duplications segregate with the disease, including the large families MRX17 and MRX31. The minimal, commonly duplicated region contains three genes: RIBC1, HSD17B10, and HUWE1. RIBC1 could be excluded on the basis of its absence of expression in the brain and because it escapes X inactivation in females. For the other genes, expression array and quantitative PCR analysis in patient cell lines compared to controls showed a significant upregulation of HSD17B10 and HUWE1 as well as several important genes in their molecular pathways. Loss-of-function mutations of HSD17B10 have previously been associated with progressive neurological disease and XLMR. The E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 has been implicated in TP53-associated regulation of the neuronal cell cycle. Here, we also report segregating sequence changes of highly conserved residues in HUWE1 in three XLMR families; these changes are possibly associated with the phenotype. Our findings demonstrate that an increased gene dosage of HSD17B10, HUWE1, or both contribute to the etiology of XLMR and suggest that point mutations in HUWE1 are associated with this disease too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Froyen
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department for Molecular and Developmental Genetics, VIB, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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48
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Kanavin OJ, Woldseth B, Jellum E, Tvedt B, Andresen BS, Stromme P. 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency associated with autism and mental retardation: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2007; 1:98. [PMID: 17883863 PMCID: PMC2045671 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-1-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency or short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD) is caused by a defect in the degradation pathway of the amino acid L-isoleucine. Methods We report a four-year-old mentally retarded Somali boy with autism and a history of seizures, who was found to excrete increased amounts of 2-methylbutyryl glycine in the urine. The SBCAD gene was examined with sequence analysis. His development was assessed with psychometric testing before and after a trial with low protein diet. Results We found homozygosity for A > G changing the +3 position of intron 3 (c.303+3A > G) in the SBCAD gene. Psychometric testing showed moderate mental retardation and behavioral scores within the autistic spectrum. No beneficial effect was detected after 5 months with a low protein diet. Conclusion This mutation was also found in two previously reported cases with SBCADD, both originating from Somalia and Eritrea, indicating that it is relatively prevalent in this population. Autism has not previously been described with mutations in this gene, thus expanding the clinical spectrum of SBCADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oivind J Kanavin
- Department of Pediatrics, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Woldseth
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil Jellum
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjorn Tvedt
- Department of Pediatrics, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brage S Andresen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Skejby Sygehus, DK 8200, Århus N, Denmark
- Institute of Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Petter Stromme
- Department of Pediatrics, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Yang SY, He XY, Miller D. HSD17B10: a gene involved in cognitive function through metabolism of isoleucine and neuroactive steroids. Mol Genet Metab 2007; 92:36-42. [PMID: 17618155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The HSD17B10 gene maps on chromosome Xp11.2, a region highly associated with X-linked mental retardation. This gene encodes HSD10, a mitochondrial multifunctional enzyme that plays a significant part in the metabolism of neuroactive steroids and the degradation of isoleucine. The HSD17B10 gene is composed of six exons and five introns. Its exon 5 is an alternative exon such that there are several HSD17B10 mRNA isoforms in brain. A silent mutation (c.605C-->A) and three missense mutations (c.395C-->G; c.419C-->T; c.771A-->G), respectively, cause the X-linked mental retardation, choreoathetosis, and abnormal behavior (MRXS10) and the hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase II deficiency. The latter condition seems to be a multifactorial disease due to the disturbance of more than one metabolic pathway by the HSD10 deficiency. HSD10 inactivates the positive modulators of GABAA receptors, and plays a role in the maintenance of GABAergic neuronal function. This working model may account for the mental retardation of these patients. The dehydrogenase activity is slightly inhibited by the binding of amyloid-beta peptide to the loop D of HSD10. Elevated levels of HSD10 were observed in hippocampi of Alzheimer disease patients so this multifunctional enzyme may be related to Alzheimer disease pathogenesis; however, the molecular mechanism of its involvement remains to be ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
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50
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Korman SH, Yang SY. HSD17B10 replaces HADH2 as the approved designation for the gene mutated in 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2007; 91:115. [PMID: 17317257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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