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Xu K, Saaoud F, Shao Y, Lu Y, Wu S, Zhao H, Chen K, Vazquez-Padron R, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Early hyperlipidemia triggers metabolomic reprogramming with increased SAH, increased acetyl-CoA-cholesterol synthesis, and decreased glycolysis. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102771. [PMID: 37364513 PMCID: PMC10310484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify metabolomic reprogramming in early hyperlipidemia, unbiased metabolome was screened in four tissues from ApoE-/- mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks. 30, 122, 67, and 97 metabolites in the aorta, heart, liver, and plasma, respectively, were upregulated. 9 upregulated metabolites were uremic toxins, and 13 metabolites, including palmitate, promoted a trained immunity with increased syntheses of acetyl-CoA and cholesterol, increased S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and hypomethylation and decreased glycolysis. The cross-omics analysis found upregulation of 11 metabolite synthetases in ApoE‾/‾ aorta, which promote ROS, cholesterol biosynthesis, and inflammation. Statistical correlation of 12 upregulated metabolites with 37 gene upregulations in ApoE‾/‾ aorta indicated 9 upregulated new metabolites to be proatherogenic. Antioxidant transcription factor NRF2-/- transcriptome analysis indicated that NRF2 suppresses trained immunity-metabolomic reprogramming. Our results have provided novel insights on metabolomic reprogramming in multiple tissues in early hyperlipidemia oriented toward three co-existed new types of trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Xu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sheng Wu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Medical Education and Data Science, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Computational Biology Program, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Roberto Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33125, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Wilkins-Haug L. Genetic innovations and our understanding of stillbirth. Hum Genet 2020; 139:1161-1172. [PMID: 32318853 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stillbirth after 20 weeks gestation happens in 1 in 200 pregnancies and occurs more commonly than neonatal loss and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDs) combined. The stillbirth rate is several times greater in low as opposed to high-resource countries. However, among high-resource countries, although a lower overall stillbirth rate exists, there has been little change for several decades. Molecular genetic technologies are emerging as important contributors to our understanding of stillbirth. Initially, genetic etiologies included alterations in chromosome number or structure such as aneuploidy and microduplications and deletions. More recently, next-generation sequencing analysis in two genetic conditions, Smith Lemli Optiz Syndrome (SLOs) and the channelopathy disorders (such as long QT syndrome (LQTS)) provide examples into the association of pathogenic gene variants with stillbirth. Although these specific conditions individually account for only a small number of stillbirths, investigating these disorders provides a new and innovative approach for further understanding genetic contributors to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our knowledge of the role of genetic disease as an etiology for stillbirth is elementary. Genomic interrogation of maternal-fetal genotypes, gene-gene, and genotype-environment interaction is lacking in stillbirth research. At the DNA sequence level, further investigation of variants of unknown significance is an opportunity for exploration of biologic pathways of importance to pregnancy loss. This review concentrates on SLO as an example of a single gene disorder with a high carrier but low affected liveborn proband rate. The channelopathy disorders are included as initial examples of genetic conditions with variable presentation including an association with sudden infant death syndrome. Highlighted are the challenges when numerous genes and variants are involved, and the task of assigning pathogenicity. The advantages and limitations of genetic evaluations are presented and avenues for further research considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Wilkins-Haug
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 01770, USA.
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Barboza-Cerda MC, Barboza-Quintana O, Martínez-Aldape G, Garza-Guajardo R, Déctor MA. Phenotypic severity in a family with MEND syndrome is directly associated with the accumulation of potentially functional variants of cholesterol homeostasis genes. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e931. [PMID: 31397093 PMCID: PMC6732292 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Male EBP disorder with neurologic defects (MEND) syndrome is an X‐linked disease caused by hypomorphic mutations in the EBP (emopamil‐binding protein) gene. Modifier genes may explain the clinical variability among individuals who share a primary mutation. Methods We studied four males (Patient 1 to Patient 4) exhibiting a descending degree of phenotypic severity from a family with MEND syndrome. To identify candidate modifier genes that explain the phenotypic variability, variants of homeostasis cholesterol genes identified by whole‐exome sequencing (WES) were ranked according to the predicted magnitude of their effect through an in‐house scoring system. Results Twenty‐seven from 105 missense variants found in 45 genes of the four exomes were considered significant (−5 to −9 scores). We found a direct genotype–phenotype association based on the differential accumulation of potentially functional gene variants among males. Patient 1 exhibited 17 variants, both Patients 2 and 3 exhibited nine variants, and Patient 4 exhibited only five variants. Conclusion We conclude that APOA5 (rs3135506), ABCA1 (rs9282541), and APOB (rs679899 and rs12714225) are the most relevant candidate modifier genes in this family. Relative accumulation of the deficiencies associated with variants of these genes along with other lesser deficiencies in other genes appears to explain the variable expressivity in MEND syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Barboza-Cerda
- Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Oralia Barboza-Quintana
- Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Martínez-Aldape
- Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Raquel Garza-Guajardo
- Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Déctor
- Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Servicio de Anatomía Patológica y Citopatología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Porter FD, Herman GE. Malformation syndromes caused by disorders of cholesterol synthesis. J Lipid Res 2010; 52:6-34. [PMID: 20929975 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r009548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is critical for normal growth and development. In addition to being a major membrane lipid, cholesterol has multiple biological functions. These roles include being a precursor molecule for the synthesis of steroid hormones, neuroactive steroids, oxysterols, and bile acids. Cholesterol is also essential for the proper maturation and signaling of hedgehog proteins, and thus cholesterol is critical for embryonic development. After birth, most tissues can obtain cholesterol from either endogenous synthesis or exogenous dietary sources, but prior to birth, the human fetal tissues are dependent on endogenous synthesis. Due to the blood-brain barrier, brain tissue cannot utilize dietary or peripherally produced cholesterol. Generally, inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis lead to both a deficiency of cholesterol and increased levels of potentially bioactive or toxic precursor sterols. Over the past couple of decades, a number of human malformation syndromes have been shown to be due to inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis. Herein, we will review clinical and basic science aspects of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, desmosterolosis, lathosterolosis, HEM dysplasia, X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata, Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform erythroderma and Limb Defects Syndrome, sterol-C-4 methyloxidase-like deficiency, and Antley-Bixler syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forbes D Porter
- Program in Developmental Genetics and Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Stefulj J, Panzenboeck U, Becker T, Hirschmugl B, Schweinzer C, Lang I, Marsche G, Sadjak A, Lang U, Desoye G, Wadsack C. Human Endothelial Cells of the Placental Barrier Efficiently Deliver Cholesterol to the Fetal Circulation via ABCA1 and ABCG1. Circ Res 2009; 104:600-8. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.185066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although maternal–fetal cholesterol transfer may serve to compensate for insufficient fetal cholesterol biosynthesis under pathological conditions, it may have detrimental consequences under conditions of maternal hypercholesterolemia leading to preatherosclerotic lesion development in fetal aortas. Maternal cholesterol may enter fetal circulation by traversing syncytiotrophoblast and endothelial layers of the placenta. We hypothesized that endothelial cells (ECs) of the fetoplacental vasculature display a high and tightly regulated capacity for cholesterol release. Using ECs isolated from human term placenta (HPECs), we investigated cholesterol release capacity and examined transporters involved in cholesterol efflux pathways controlled by liver-X-receptors (LXRs). HPECs demonstrated 2.5-fold higher cholesterol release to lipid-free apolipoprotein (apo)A-I than human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs), whereas both cell types showed similar cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Interestingly, treatment of HPECs with LXR activators increased cholesterol efflux to both types of acceptors, whereas no such response could be observed for HUVECs. In line with enhanced cholesterol efflux, LXR activation in HPECs increased expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, while not altering expression of ABCG4 and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). Inhibition of ABCA1 or silencing of ABCG1 decreased cholesterol efflux to apoA-I (−70%) and HDL
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(−57%), respectively. Immunohistochemistry localized both transporters predominantly to the apical membranes of placental ECs in situ. Thus, ECs of human term placenta exhibit unique, efficient and LXR-regulated cholesterol efflux mechanisms. We propose a sequential pathway mediated by ABCA1 and ABCG1, respectively, by which HPECs participate in forming mature HDL in the fetal blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Stefulj
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology (J.S., U.P., T.B., C.S., A.S.); Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.H., U.L., G.D., C.W.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (I.L.); and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (G.M.), Medical University Graz, Austria; and Department of Molecular Biology (J.S.), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ute Panzenboeck
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology (J.S., U.P., T.B., C.S., A.S.); Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.H., U.L., G.D., C.W.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (I.L.); and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (G.M.), Medical University Graz, Austria; and Department of Molecular Biology (J.S.), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Becker
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology (J.S., U.P., T.B., C.S., A.S.); Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.H., U.L., G.D., C.W.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (I.L.); and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (G.M.), Medical University Graz, Austria; and Department of Molecular Biology (J.S.), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Birgit Hirschmugl
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology (J.S., U.P., T.B., C.S., A.S.); Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.H., U.L., G.D., C.W.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (I.L.); and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (G.M.), Medical University Graz, Austria; and Department of Molecular Biology (J.S.), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cornelia Schweinzer
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology (J.S., U.P., T.B., C.S., A.S.); Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.H., U.L., G.D., C.W.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (I.L.); and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (G.M.), Medical University Graz, Austria; and Department of Molecular Biology (J.S.), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ingrid Lang
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology (J.S., U.P., T.B., C.S., A.S.); Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.H., U.L., G.D., C.W.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (I.L.); and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (G.M.), Medical University Graz, Austria; and Department of Molecular Biology (J.S.), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gunther Marsche
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology (J.S., U.P., T.B., C.S., A.S.); Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.H., U.L., G.D., C.W.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (I.L.); and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (G.M.), Medical University Graz, Austria; and Department of Molecular Biology (J.S.), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anton Sadjak
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology (J.S., U.P., T.B., C.S., A.S.); Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.H., U.L., G.D., C.W.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (I.L.); and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (G.M.), Medical University Graz, Austria; and Department of Molecular Biology (J.S.), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Uwe Lang
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology (J.S., U.P., T.B., C.S., A.S.); Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.H., U.L., G.D., C.W.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (I.L.); and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (G.M.), Medical University Graz, Austria; and Department of Molecular Biology (J.S.), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gernot Desoye
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology (J.S., U.P., T.B., C.S., A.S.); Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.H., U.L., G.D., C.W.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (I.L.); and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (G.M.), Medical University Graz, Austria; and Department of Molecular Biology (J.S.), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Christian Wadsack
- From the Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology (J.S., U.P., T.B., C.S., A.S.); Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.H., U.L., G.D., C.W.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (I.L.); and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (G.M.), Medical University Graz, Austria; and Department of Molecular Biology (J.S.), Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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