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da Fonseca Junior AM, Ispada J, Dos Santos EC, de Lima CB, da Silva JVA, Paulson E, Goszczynski DE, Goissis MD, Ross PJ, Milazzotto MP. Adaptative response to changes in pyruvate metabolism on the epigenetic landscapes and transcriptomics of bovine embryos. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11504. [PMID: 37460590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic reprogramming that occurs during the earliest stages of embryonic development has been described as crucial for the initial events of cell specification and differentiation. Recently, the metabolic status of the embryo has gained attention as one of the main factors coordinating epigenetic events. In this work, we investigate the link between pyruvate metabolism and epigenetic regulation by culturing bovine embryos from day 5 in the presence of dichloroacetate (DCA), a pyruvate analog that increases the pyruvate to acetyl-CoA conversion, and iodoacetate (IA), which inhibits the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), leading to glycolysis inhibition. After 8 h of incubation, both DCA and IA-derived embryos presented higher mitochondrial membrane potential. Nevertheless, in both cases, lower levels of acetyl-CoA, ATP-citrate lyase and mitochondrial membrane potential were found in blastocysts, suggesting an adaptative metabolic response, especially in the DCA group. The metabolic alteration found in blastocysts led to changes in the global pattern of H3K9 and H3K27 acetylation and H3K27 trimethylation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that such alterations resulted in molecular differences mainly associated to metabolic processes, establishment of epigenetic marks, control of gene expression and cell cycle. The latter was further confirmed by the alteration of total cell number and cell differentiation in both groups when compared to the control. These results corroborate previous evidence of the relationship between the energy metabolism and the epigenetic reprogramming in preimplantation bovine embryos, reinforcing that the culture system is decisive for precise epigenetic reprogramming, with consequences for the molecular control and differentiation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldcejam Martins da Fonseca Junior
- Federal University of ABC - Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Bloco A, Lab 504-3, Santo André, SP, CEP: 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Jessica Ispada
- Federal University of ABC - Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Bloco A, Lab 504-3, Santo André, SP, CEP: 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Erika Cristina Dos Santos
- Federal University of ABC - Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Bloco A, Lab 504-3, Santo André, SP, CEP: 09210-580, Brazil
| | | | - João Vitor Alcantara da Silva
- Federal University of ABC - Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Bloco A, Lab 504-3, Santo André, SP, CEP: 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Erika Paulson
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, UC - Davis, Davis, USA
| | | | | | - Pablo Juan Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, UC - Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Marcella Pecora Milazzotto
- Federal University of ABC - Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, Bloco A, Lab 504-3, Santo André, SP, CEP: 09210-580, Brazil.
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2
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Meng L, Wu G. Recent advances in small molecules for improving mitochondrial disorders. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20476-20485. [PMID: 37435377 PMCID: PMC10331567 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are observed in various human diseases, including rare genetic disorders and complex acquired pathologies. Recent advances in molecular biological techniques have dramatically expanded the understanding of multiple pathomechanisms involving mitochondrial disorders. However, the therapeutic methods for mitochondrial disorders are limited. For this reason, there is increasing interest in identifying safe and effective strategies to mitigate mitochondrial impairments. Small-molecule therapies hold promise for improving mitochondrial performance. This review focuses on the latest advances in developing bioactive compounds for treating mitochondrial disease, aiming to provide a broader perspective of fundamental studies that have been carried out to evaluate the effects of small molecules in regulating mitochondrial function. Novel-designed small molecules ameliorating mitochondrial functions are urgent for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Guanzhao Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao China
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Singh L, Atilano S, Chwa M, Singh MK, Ozgul M, Nesburn A, Kenney MC. Using Human 'Personalized' Cybrids to Identify Drugs/Agents That Can Regulate Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11025. [PMID: 37446202 PMCID: PMC10341973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study uses personalized chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL) cybrid cells to test various drugs/agents designed to improve mitochondrial function and cell longevity. Age-matched control (NL) and CLL cybrids were created. The NL and CLL cybrids were treated with ibrutinib (Ibr-10 μM), mitochondrial-targeted nutraceuticals such as alpha lipoic acid (ALA-1 mM), amla (Aml-300 μg), melatonin (Mel-1 mM), resveratrol (Res-100 μM) alone, or a combination of ibrutinib with nutraceuticals (Ibr + ALA, Ibr + Aml, Ibr + Mel, or Ibr + Res) for 48 h. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide), H2DCFDA(2',7' Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate), and JC1 assays were used to measure the cellular metabolism, intracellular ROS levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm), respectively. The expression levels of genes associated with antioxidant enzymes (SOD2, GPX3, and NOX4), apoptosis (BAX and CASP3), and inflammation (IL6, IL-1β, TNFα, and TGFβ) were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). CLL cybrids treated with Ibr + ALA, Ibr + Aml, Ibr + Mel, and Ibr + Res had (a) reduced cell survivability, (b) increased ROS production, (c) increased ∆ψm levels, (d) decreased antioxidant gene expression levels, and (e) increased apoptotic and inflammatory genes in CLL cybrids when compared with ibrutinib-alone-treated CLL cybrids. Our findings show that the addition of nutraceuticals makes the CLL cybrids more pro-apoptotic with decreased cell survival compared with CLL cybrids exposed to ibrutinib alone.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Hybrid Cells
- Dietary Supplements
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Gene Expression/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Institute, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shari Atilano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
| | - Mithalesh K. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
| | - Mustafa Ozgul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
| | - Anthony Nesburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
| | - M. Cristina Kenney
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (L.S.); (S.A.); (M.C.); (M.K.S.); (M.O.); (A.N.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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4
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Zheng Y, Zhang J, Zhu X, Wei Y, Zhao W, Si S, Li Y. A Mitochondrial Perspective on Noncommunicable Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030647. [PMID: 36979626 PMCID: PMC10045938 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the center of energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells and play a central role in the metabolism of living organisms. Mitochondrial diseases characterized by defects in oxidative phosphorylation are the most common congenital diseases. Meanwhile, mitochondrial dysfunction caused by secondary factors such as non-inherited genetic mutations can affect normal physiological functions of human cells, induce apoptosis, and lead to the development of various diseases. This paper reviewed several major factors and mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and discussed the development of diseases closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction and drug treatment strategies discovered in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuanjuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuyi Si
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (S.S.); (Y.L.)
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5
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Pata S, Flores-Rojas K, Gil A, López-Laso E, Marti-Sánchez L, Baide-Mairena H, Pérez-Dueñas B, Gil-Campos M. Clinical improvements after treatment with a low-valine and low-fat diet in a pediatric patient with enoyl-CoA hydratase, short chain 1 (ECHS1) deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:340. [PMID: 36064416 PMCID: PMC9446769 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enoyl-CoA hydratase short-chain 1 (ECHS1) is a key mitochondrial enzyme that is involved in valine catabolism and fatty acid beta-oxidation. Mutations in the ECHS1 gene lead to enzymatic deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of certain intermediates from the valine catabolism pathway. This disrupts the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the mitochondrial respiratory chain, with consequent cellular damage. Patients present with a variable age of onset and a wide spectrum of clinical features. The Leigh syndrome phenotype is the most frequently reported form of the disease. Herein, we report a case of a male with ECHS1 deficiency who was diagnosed at 8 years of age. He presented severe dystonia, hyperlordosis, moderate to severe kyphoscoliosis, great difficulty in walking, and severe dysarthria. A valine-restricted and total fat-restricted diet was considered as a therapeutic option after the genetic diagnosis. An available formula that restricted branched-chain amino acids and especially restricted valine was used. We also restricted animal protein intake and provided a low-fat diet that was particularly low in dairy fat. Results This protein- and fat-restricted diet was initiated with adequate tolerance and adherence. After three years, the patient noticed an improvement in dystonia, especially in walking. He currently requires minimal support to walk or stand. Therefore, he has enhanced his autonomy to go to school or establish a career for himself. His quality of life and motivation for treatment have greatly increased. Conclusions There is still a substantial lack of knowledge about this rare disorder, especially knowledge about future effective treatments. However, early diagnosis and treatment with a valine- and fat-restricted diet, particularly dairy fat-restricted diet, appeared to limit disease progression in this patient with ECHS1 deficiency. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02468-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pata
- Pediatric Research and Metabolism Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14010, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Katherine Flores-Rojas
- Pediatric Research and Metabolism Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14010, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain. .,CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo López-Laso
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14010, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERER (Rare Diseases), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marti-Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heydi Baide-Mairena
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Pediatric Research and Metabolism Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14010, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Mandal AK. Mitochondrial targeting of potent nanoparticulated drugs in combating diseases. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:614-633. [PMID: 35790487 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221111656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by the electron transport chain (ETC) leakage and reduced adenosine tri-phosphate synthesis, occurs primarily due to free radicals -induced mutations in either the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) or nuclear (n) DNA caused by pathogenic infections, toxicant exposures, adverse drug-effects, or other environmental exposures, leading to secondary dysfunction affecting ischemic, diabetic, cancerous, and degenerative diseases. In these concerns, mitochondria-targeted remedies may include a significant role in the protection and treatment of mitochondrial function to enhance its activity. Coenzyme Q10 pyridinol and pyrimidinol antioxidant analogues and other potent drug-compounds for their multifunctional radical quencher and other anti-toxic activities may take a significant therapeutic effectivity for ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the encapsulation of these bioactive ligands-attached potent compounds in vesicular system may enable them a superb biological effective for the treatment of mitochondria-targeted dysfunction-related diseases with least side effects. This review depicts mainly on mitochondrial enzymatic dysfunction and their amelioration by potent drugs with the usages of nanoparticulated delivery system against mitochondria-affected diseases.
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7
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Manna S, Ruano CSM, Hegenbarth JC, Vaiman D, Gupta S, McCarthy FP, Méhats C, McCarthy C, Apicella C, Scheel J. Computational Models on Pathological Redox Signalling Driven by Pregnancy: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030585. [PMID: 35326235 PMCID: PMC8945226 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with a myriad of diseases including pregnancy pathologies with long-term cardiovascular repercussions for both the mother and baby. Aberrant redox signalling coupled with deficient antioxidant defence leads to chronic molecular impairment. Abnormal placentation has been considered the primary source for reactive species; however, placental dysfunction has been deemed secondary to maternal cardiovascular maladaptation in pregnancy. While various therapeutic interventions, aimed at combating deregulated oxidative stress during pregnancy have shown promise in experimental models, they often result as inconclusive or detrimental in clinical trials, warranting the need for further research to identify candidates. The strengths and limitations of current experimental methods in redox research are discussed. Assessment of redox status and oxidative stress in experimental models and in clinical practice remains challenging; the state-of-the-art of computational models in this field is presented in this review, comparing static and dynamic models which provide functional information such as protein-protein interactions, as well as the impact of changes in molecular species on the redox-status of the system, respectively. Enhanced knowledge of redox biology in during pregnancy through computational modelling such as generation of Systems Biology Markup Language model which integrates existing models to a larger network in the context of placenta physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samprikta Manna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Camino S. M. Ruano
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Jana-Charlotte Hegenbarth
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 KH Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
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Scheers I, Berardis S. Congenital etiologies of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:909925. [PMID: 35935370 PMCID: PMC9354839 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.909925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is a rare condition. In a vast majority of patients, exocrine dysfunction occurs as part of a multisystemic disease, the most prevalent being cystic fibrosis and Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome. Recent fundamental studies have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases. Exocrine pancreatic dysfunction should be considered in children with failure to thrive and fatty stools. Treatment is mainly supportive and consists of pancreatic enzyme replacement and liposoluble vitamins supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Scheers
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Silvia Berardis
- Department of Pediatrics, Specialized Pediatrics, Pediatric Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Lee IC, Chiang KL. Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Leigh Syndrome Based on SURF1: Genotype and Phenotype. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121950. [PMID: 34943053 PMCID: PMC8750222 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SURF1 encodes the assembly factor for maintaining the antioxidant of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) stability in the human electron respiratory chain. Mutations in SURF1 can cause Leigh syndrome (LS), a subacute neurodegenerative encephalopathy, characterized by early onset (infancy), grave prognosis, and predominant symptoms presenting in the basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, cerebellum, and peripheral nerves. To date, more than sixty different SURF1 mutations have been found to cause SURF1-associated LS; however, the relationship between genotype and phenotype is still unclear. Most SURF1-associated LS courses present as typical LS and cause early mortality (before the age of ten years). However, 10% of the cases present with atypical courses with milder symptoms and increased life expectancy. One reason for this inconsistency may be due to specific duplications or mutations close to the C-terminus of the SURF1 protein appearing to cause less protein decay. Furthermore, the treatment for SURF1-associated LS is unsatisfactory. A ketogenic diet is most often prescribed and has proven to be effective. Supplementing with coenzyme Q and other cofactors is also a common treatment option; however, the results are inconsistent. Importantly, anti-epileptic drugs such as valproate—which cause mitochondrial dysfunction—should be avoided in patients with SURF1-associated LS presenting with seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inn-Chi Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2473-9535; Fax: +886-4-2471-0934
| | - Kuo-Liang Chiang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung 43303, Taiwan;
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10
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The effects of real and simulated microgravity on cellular mitochondrial function. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:44. [PMID: 34750383 PMCID: PMC8575887 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronauts returning from space shuttle missions or the International Space Station have been diagnosed with various health problems such as bone demineralization, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular deconditioning, and vestibular and sensory imbalance including visual acuity, altered metabolic and nutritional status, and immune system dysregulation. These health issues are associated with oxidative stress caused by a microgravity environment. Mitochondria are a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the molecular mechanisms through which mitochondria produce ROS in a microgravity environment remain unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the mechanism through which microgravity induces oxidative damage in mitochondria by evaluating the expression of genes and proteins, as well as relevant metabolic pathways. In general, microgravity-induced ROS reduce mitochondrial volume by mainly affecting the efficiency of the respiratory chain and metabolic pathways. The impaired respiratory chain is thought to generate ROS through premature electron leakage in the electron transport chain. The imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defense in mitochondria is the main cause of mitochondrial stress and damage, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, we discuss the effects of antioxidants against oxidative stress caused by the microgravity environment space microgravity in together with simulated microgravity (i.e., spaceflight or ground-based spaceflight analogs: parabolic flight, centrifugal force, drop towers, etc.). Further studies should be taken to explore the effects of microgravity on mitochondrial stress-related diseases, especially for the development of new therapeutic drugs that can help increase the health of astronauts on long space missions.
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11
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Fan HC, Lee HF, Yue CT, Chi CS. Clinical Characteristics of Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111111. [PMID: 34832987 PMCID: PMC8617702 DOI: 10.3390/life11111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder, is characterized by its genetic, biochemical and clinical complexity. The most common mutation associated with MELAS syndrome is the mtDNA A3243G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene encoding the mitochondrial tRNA-leu(UUR), which results in impaired mitochondrial translation and protein synthesis involving the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex subunits, leading to impaired mitochondrial energy production. Angiopathy, either alone or in combination with nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, further contributes to multi-organ involvement in MELAS syndrome. Management for MELAS syndrome is amostly symptomatic multidisciplinary approach. In this article, we review the clinical presentations, pathogenic mechanisms and options for management of MELAS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-C.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Tang Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-C.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
| | - Ching-Shiang Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan; (H.-C.F.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-26581919-4301
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12
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Correia Y, Scheel J, Gupta S, Wang K. Placental mitochondrial function as a driver of angiogenesis and placental dysfunction. Biol Chem 2021; 402:887-909. [PMID: 34218539 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is a highly vascularized and complex foetal organ that performs various tasks, crucial to a healthy pregnancy. Its dysfunction leads to complications such as stillbirth, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. The specific cause of placental dysfunction remains unknown. Recently, the role of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial adaptations in the context of angiogenesis and placental dysfunction is getting more attention. The required energy for placental remodelling, nutrient transport, hormone synthesis, and the reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress, stemming from mitochondria. Mitochondria adapt to environmental changes and have been shown to adjust their oxygen and nutrient use to best support placental angiogenesis and foetal development. Angiogenesis is the process by which blood vessels form and is essential for the delivery of nutrients to the body. This process is regulated by different factors, pro-angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors, such as sFlt-1. Increased circulating sFlt-1 levels have been linked to different preeclamptic phenotypes. One of many effects of increased sFlt-1 levels, is the dysregulation of mitochondrial function. This review covers mitochondrial adaptations during placentation, the importance of the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt-1in placental dysfunction and its role in the dysregulation of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Correia
- Aston Medical School, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, BirminghamB4 7ET, UK
| | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, D-18051Rostock, Germany
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, D-18051Rostock, Germany
| | - Keqing Wang
- Aston Medical School, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, BirminghamB4 7ET, UK
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13
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Wei W, Dong Q, Jiang W, Wang Y, Chen Y, Han T, Sun C. Dichloroacetic acid-induced dysfunction in rat hippocampus and the protective effect of curcumin. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:545-556. [PMID: 33411217 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the role of cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling in mediating the neuroprotective effects of curcumin against DCAA-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and impaired synaptic plasticity in rats. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, and we assessed the histomorphological, behavioral and biochemical characteristics to investigate the beneficial effects of different concentrations of curcumin against DCAA-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus. The results indicated that animal weight gain and food consumption were not significantly affected by DCAA. However, behavioral tests, including morris water maze and shuttle box, showed varying degrees of alterations. Additionally, we found significant changes in hippocampal neurons by histomorphological observation. DCAA exposure could increase lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation factors while reducing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level accompanied by DNA damage in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we found that DCAA exposure could cause a differential modulation of mRNA and proteins (cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), p-CREB, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), synaptophysin (SYP)). Conversely, various doses of curcumin attenuated DCAA-induced oxidative stress, inflammation response and impaired synaptic plasticity, while elevating cAMP, PKA, p-CREB, BDNF, PSD-95, SYP levels. Thus, curcumin could activate the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway, conferring neuroprotection against DCAA-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuying Dong
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Chen
- The first Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, 150056, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tianshu Han
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Nilay M, Phadke SR. Pearson Syndrome: Spontaneously Recovering Anemia and Hypoparathyroidism. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:1070-1072. [PMID: 32537709 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pearson syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the mitochondrial genome, characterized by failure to thrive with hematological and gastrointestinal abnormalities. Individuals with Pearson syndrome may develop the symptoms and signs of Kearns-Sayre syndrome with multisystem involvement. Spontaneous recovery of hematological problems is reported as is the situation in the present case. The child reported here was born out of in-vitro fertilization. She was maintaining normal hemoglobin level for more than three and a half years but had been detected to have hypoparathyroidism. The diagnosis of Pearson syndrome was confirmed by presence of deletion in mitochondrial genome. Awareness about this rare disorder will help clinicians to broaden their differentials when dealing with common presentations like failure to thrive and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Nilay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Shubha R Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
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15
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Finsterer J. NEMMLAS Due to Biallelic WARS2 Variants. J Child Neurol 2020; 35:175. [PMID: 31617452 DOI: 10.1177/0883073819880108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Messerli Institute, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Burgin HJ, McKenzie M. Understanding the role of OXPHOS dysfunction in the pathogenesis of ECHS1 deficiency. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:590-610. [PMID: 31944285 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide the main source of energy for eukaryotic cells, oxidizing fatty acids and sugars to generate ATP. Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are two key pathways involved in this process. Disruption of FAO can cause human disease, with patients commonly presenting with liver failure, hypoketotic glycaemia and rhabdomyolysis. However, patients with deficiencies in the FAO enzyme short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 (ECHS1) are typically diagnosed with Leigh syndrome, a lethal form of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy that is normally associated with OXPHOS dysfunction. Furthermore, some ECHS1-deficient patients also exhibit secondary OXPHOS defects. This sequela of FAO disorders has long been thought to be caused by the accumulation of inhibitory fatty acid intermediates. However, new evidence suggests that the mechanisms involved are more complex, and that disruption of OXPHOS protein complex biogenesis and/or stability is also involved. In this review, we examine the clinical, biochemical and genetic features of all ECHS1-deficient patients described to date. In particular, we consider the secondary OXPHOS defects associated with ECHS1 deficiency and discuss their possible contribution to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison James Burgin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Heaton R, Millichap L, Saleem F, Gannon J, Begum G, Hargreaves IP. Current biochemical treatments of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1638250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lauren Millichap
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Fatima Saleem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jennifer Gannon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gemma Begum
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iain P. Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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18
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Recent topics: the diagnosis, molecular genesis, and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. J Hum Genet 2018; 64:113-125. [PMID: 30459337 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are inherited metabolic diseases based on disorders of energy production. The expansion of exome analyses has led to the discovery of many pathogenic nuclear genes associated with these diseases, and research into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases has progressed. In cases of Leigh syndrome, it is desirable to perform both biochemical and genetic analyses, and pathogenic gene mutations have been identified in over half of the cases analyzed this way. Tandem mass screening and organic acid analyses of urine can sometimes provide important information that leads to the identification of pathogenic genes. Our comprehensive gene analyses have led to the discovery of several novel genes for mitochondrial diseases. Indeed, we reported that GTPBP3 and QRSL1 are involved in mitochondrial DNA maturation. In 2017, as a result of international collaboration, we also identified that mutations in ATAD3 and C1QBP cause mitochondrial disease. Given the varied pathogeneses, treatments for mitochondrial diseases should be specifically tailored to the mutated gene. Clinical trials of sodium pyruvate, 5-aminolevulinic acid with sodium ferrous citrate, and taurine as a treatment for mitochondrial disease have begun in Japan. Given that some mitochondrial diseases may respond well to certain treatments if the pathogenic gene can be identified, an early genetic diagnosis is crucial. Additionally, in Japan, prenatal diagnoses for mitochondrial diseases caused by nuclear genes have been achieved for genes shown to be pathogenic. Treatment and management approaches, including prenatal diagnoses, specifically tailored to the various phenotypes and pathologies of mitochondrial diseases are expected to become increasingly available.
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Tomilov A, Allen S, Hui CK, Bettaieb A, Cortopassi G. Idebenone is a cytoprotective insulin sensitizer whose mechanism is Shc inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:89-103. [PMID: 30290222 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
When insulin binds insulin receptor, IRS1 signaling is stimulated to trigger the maximal insulin response. p52Shc protein competes directly with IRS1, thus damping and diverting maximal insulin response. Genetic reduction of p52Shc minimizes competition with IRS1, and improves insulin signaling and glucose control in mice, and improves pathophysiological consequences of hyperglycemia. Given the multiple benefits of Shc reduction in vivo, we investigated whether any of 1680 drugs used in humans may function as Shc inhibitors, and thus potentially serve as novel anti-diabetics. Of the 1680, 30 insulin sensitizers were identified by screening in vitro, and of these 30 we demonstrated that 7 bound Shc protein. Of the 7 drugs, idebenone dose-dependently bound Shc protein in the 50-100 nM range, and induced insulin sensitivity and cytoprotection in this same 100 nM range that clinically dosed idebenone reaches in human plasma. By contrast we observe mitochondrial effects of idebenone in the 5,000 nM range that are not reached in human dosing. Multiple assays of target engagement demonstrate that idebenone physically interacts with Shc protein. Idebenone sensitizes mice to insulin in two different mouse models of prediabetes. Genetic depletion of idebenone's target eliminates idebenone's ability to insulin-sensitize in vivo. Thus, idebenone is the first-in-class member of a novel category of insulin-sensitizing and cytoprotective agents, the Shc inhibitors. Idebenone is an approved drug and could be considered for other indications such as type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, in which insulin resistance occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tomilov
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B, UC Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Sonia Allen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B, UC Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Chun Kiu Hui
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B, UC Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Ave, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1920, USA.
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B, UC Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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20
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Zolkipli-Cunningham Z, Xiao R, Stoddart A, McCormick EM, Holberts A, Burrill N, McCormack S, Williams L, Wang X, Thompson JLP, Falk MJ. Mitochondrial disease patient motivations and barriers to participate in clinical trials. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197513. [PMID: 29771953 PMCID: PMC5957366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical treatment trials are increasingly being designed in primary mitochondrial disease (PMD), a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous collection of inherited multi- system energy deficiency disorders that lack effective therapy. We sought to identify motivating factors and barriers to clinical trial participation in PMD. Methods A survey study was conducted in two independent mitochondrial disease subject cohorts. A discovery cohort invited subjects with well-defined biochemical or molecularly- confirmed PMD followed at a single medical center (CHOP, n = 30/67 (45%) respondents). A replication cohort included self-identified PMD subjects in the Rare Disease Clinical Research Network (RDCRN) national contact registry (n = 290/1119 (26%) respondents). Five-point Likert scale responses were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative statistics. Experienced and prioritized symptoms for trial participation, and patient attitudes toward detailed aspects of clinical trial drug features and study design. Results PMD subjects experienced an average of 16 symptoms. Muscle weakness, chronic fatigue, and exercise intolerance were the lead symptoms encouraging trial participation. Motivating trial design factors included a self-administered study drug; vitamin, antioxidant, natural or plant-derivative; pills; daily treatment; guaranteed treatment access during and after study; short travel distances; and late-stage (phase 3) participation. Relative trial participation barriers included a new study drug; discontinuation of current medications; disease progression; daily phlebotomy; and requiring participant payment. Treatment trial type or design preferences were not influenced by population age (pediatric versus adult), prior research trial experience, or disease severity. Conclusions These data are the first to convey clear PMD subject preferences and priorities to enable improved clinical treatment trial design that cuts across the complex diversity of disease. Partnering with rare disease patient communities is essential to effectively design robust clinical trials that engage patients and enable meaningful evaluation of emerging treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham
- Division of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amy Stoddart
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Arcadia University, Glenside, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. McCormick
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amy Holberts
- Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network, Health Informatics Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Natalie Burrill
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shana McCormack
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lauren Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John L. P. Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marni J. Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Ben-Shachar D, Ene HM. Mitochondrial Targeted Therapies: Where Do We Stand in Mental Disorders? Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:770-779. [PMID: 28965983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is still unclear, although changes in multiple neuronal systems, specifically the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic systems as well as abnormalities in synaptic plasticity and neural connectivity, are currently suggested to underlie their pathophysiology. A growing body of evidence suggests multifaceted mitochondrial dysfunction in mental disorders, which is in line with their role in neuronal activity, growth, development, and plasticity. In this review, we describe the main endeavors toward development of treatments that will enhance mitochondrial function and their transition into clinical use in congenital mitochondrial diseases and chronic disorders such as types 1 and 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. In addition, we discuss the relevance of mitochondrial targeted treatments to mental disorders and their potential to become a novel therapeutic strategy that will improve the efficiency of the current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Ben-Shachar
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Hila M Ene
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Health Care Campus and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pearson syndrome (PS) is a sporadic and very rare syndrome classically associated with single large-scale deletions of mitochondrial DNA and characterized by refractory sideroblastic anemia during infancy. Areas covered: This review presents an analysis and interpretation of the published data that forms the basis for our understanding of PS. PubMed, Google Scholarand Thompson ISI Web of Knowledge were searched for relevant data. Expert commentary: PS is a very rare mitochodrial disease that involves different organs and systems. Clinical phenotype is extremely variable and may change over the course of disease itself with the possibility both of worsenings and improvements. Outcome is invariably lethal and at the moment no cure is available. Accurate supportive treatment and follow up program in centres with experience in mitochondrial diseases and marrow failure may positively influence quality and duration of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Farruggia
- a Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Oncology Department , A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli , Palermo , Italy
| | - Floriana Di Marco
- a Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Oncology Department , A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli , Palermo , Italy
| | - Carlo Dufour
- b Clinical and Experimental Hematology Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital , Genova , Italy
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23
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Chemotherapeutic agents induce mitochondrial superoxide production and toxicity but do not alter respiration in skeletal muscle in vitro. Mitochondrion 2017; 42:33-49. [PMID: 29079447 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents (CAs) can independently promote skeletal muscle dysfunction, fatigue and wasting with mitochondrial toxicity implicated as a possible mechanism. Thus, we aimed to characterise the effects of various CAs on mitochondrial function, viability and oxidant production in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. All CAs significantly reduced the viable mitochondrial pool but did not affect mitochondrial functional parameters. Doxorubicin and oxaliplatin increased oxidant production in myotubes while all CAs, except for irinotecan, increased oxidant production in myoblasts and reduced myotube diameter. Our data demonstrate CAs mito-toxic effects, highlighting the potential for mitochondria-protective therapeutics to address chemotherapy-induced skeletal muscle damage.
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24
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Neergheen V, Chalasani A, Wainwright L, Yubero D, Montero R, Artuch R, Hargreaves I. Coenzyme Q10 in the Treatment of Mitochondrial Disease. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817707771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viruna Neergheen
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Annapurna Chalasani
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Luke Wainwright
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Delia Yubero
- Clinical Biochemistry department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Montero
- Clinical Biochemistry department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- Neurometabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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25
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Montenegro L, Modica MN, Salerno L, Panico AM, Crascì L, Puglisi G, Romeo G. In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Idebenone Derivative-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060887. [PMID: 28555014 PMCID: PMC6152785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idebenone (IDE) has been proposed for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases involving mitochondria dysfunctions. Unfortunately, to date, IDE therapeutic treatments have not been as successful as expected. To improve IDE efficacy, in this work we describe a two-step approach: (1) synthesis of IDE ester derivatives by covalent linking IDE to other two antioxidants, trolox (IDETRL) and lipoic acid (IDELIP), to obtain a synergic effect; (2) loading of IDE, IDETRL, or IDELIP into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) to improve IDE and its esters’ water solubility while increasing and prolonging their antioxidant activity. IDE and its derivatives loaded SLN showed good physico-chemical and technological properties (spherical shape, mean particle sizes 23–25 nm, single peak in the size distribution, ζ potential values −1.76/−2.89 mV, and good stability at room temperature). In vitro antioxidant activity of these SLN was evaluated in comparison with free drugs by means of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) test. IDETRL and IDELIP showed a greater antioxidant activity than IDE and encapsulation of IDE and its derivatives into SLN was able to prolong their antioxidant activity. These results suggest that loading IDETRL and IDELIP into SLN could be a useful strategy to improve IDE efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Montenegro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria N Modica
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Panico
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Lucia Crascì
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Abstract
The three essential branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, share the first enzymatic steps in their metabolic pathways, including a reversible transamination followed by an irreversible oxidative decarboxylation to coenzyme-A derivatives. The respective oxidative pathways subsequently diverge and at the final steps yield acetyl- and/or propionyl-CoA that enter the Krebs cycle. Many disorders in these pathways are diagnosed through expanded newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is the only disorder of the group that is associated with elevated body fluid levels of the BCAAs. Due to the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation step distal enzymatic blocks in the pathways do not result in the accumulation of amino acids, but rather to CoA-activated small carboxylic acids identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of urine and are therefore classified as organic acidurias. Disorders in these pathways can present with a neonatal onset severe-, or chronic intermittent- or progressive forms. Metabolic instability and increased morbidity and mortality are shared between inborn errors in the BCAA pathways, while treatment options remain limited, comprised mainly of dietary management and in some cases solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Manoli
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C P Venditti
- Organic Acid Research Section, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders that ultimately result from dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. There is some evidence to suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in neuropsychiatric illness; however, the data are inconclusive. This article summarizes the available literature published in the area of neuropsychiatric manifestations in both children and adults with primary mitochondrial disease, with a focus on autism spectrum disorder in children and mood disorders and schizophrenia in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Marin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Drive #0935, La Jolla, CA 92093-0935, USA
| | - Russell P Saneto
- Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is an inherited or acquired disease of the myocardium, which can result in severe ventricular dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathological process of cardiomyopathy. Many dysfunctions in cardiac mitochondria are consequences of mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA followed by alterations in transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial protein function, and mitochondrial dynamics and energetics, presenting with associated multisystem mitochondrial disorders. To ensure correct diagnosis and optimal management of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyopathy caused by multiple pathogenesis, multidisciplinary approaches are required, and to integrate between clinical and basic sciences, ideal translational models are needed. In this review, we will focus on experimental models to provide insights into basic mitochondrial physiology and detailed underlying mechanisms of cardiomyopathy and current mitochondria-targeted therapies for cardiomyopathy. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(10): 541-548]
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Wook Chung
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722; Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Seoul 03722; Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases (SIRIC), Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Korea
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29
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Darbandi S, Darbandi M, Khorshid HRK, Sadeghi MR, Al-Hasani S, Agarwal A, Shirazi A, Heidari M, Akhondi MM. Experimental strategies towards increasing intracellular mitochondrial activity in oocytes: A systematic review. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:8-17. [PMID: 27234976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The mitochondrial complement is critical in sustaining the earliest stages of life. To improve the Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), current methods of interest were evaluated for increasing the activity and copy number of mitochondria in the oocyte cell. METHODS This covered the researches from 1966 to September 2015. RESULTS The results provided ten methods that can be studied individually or simultaneously. CONCLUSION Though the use of these techniques generated great concern about heteroplasmy observation in humans, it seems that with study on these suggested methods there is real hope for effective treatments of old oocyte or oocytes containing mitochondrial problems in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Safaa Al-Hasani
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany.
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Abolfazl Shirazi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Heidari
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. M.@avicenna.ar.ir
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Akhondi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Lasserre JP, Dautant A, Aiyar RS, Kucharczyk R, Glatigny A, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Rytka J, Blondel M, Skoczen N, Reynier P, Pitayu L, Rötig A, Delahodde A, Steinmetz LM, Dujardin G, Procaccio V, di Rago JP. Yeast as a system for modeling mitochondrial disease mechanisms and discovering therapies. Dis Model Mech 2016; 8:509-26. [PMID: 26035862 PMCID: PMC4457039 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are severe and largely untreatable. Owing to the many essential processes carried out by mitochondria and the complex cellular systems that support these processes, these diseases are diverse, pleiotropic, and challenging to study. Much of our current understanding of mitochondrial function and dysfunction comes from studies in the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because of its good fermenting capacity, S. cerevisiae can survive mutations that inactivate oxidative phosphorylation, has the ability to tolerate the complete loss of mitochondrial DNA (a property referred to as ‘petite-positivity’), and is amenable to mitochondrial and nuclear genome manipulation. These attributes make it an excellent model system for studying and resolving the molecular basis of numerous mitochondrial diseases. Here, we review the invaluable insights this model organism has yielded about diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, which ranges from primary defects in oxidative phosphorylation to metabolic disorders, as well as dysfunctions in maintaining the genome or in the dynamics of mitochondria. Owing to the high level of functional conservation between yeast and human mitochondrial genes, several yeast species have been instrumental in revealing the molecular mechanisms of pathogenic human mitochondrial gene mutations. Importantly, such insights have pointed to potential therapeutic targets, as have genetic and chemical screens using yeast. Summary: In this Review, we discuss the use of budding yeast to understand mitochondrial diseases and help in the search for their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Lasserre
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Alain Dautant
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Raeka S Aiyar
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Roza Kucharczyk
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Annie Glatigny
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest F-29200, France
| | - Joanna Rytka
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Marc Blondel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest F-29200, France
| | - Natalia Skoczen
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Pascal Reynier
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France
| | - Laras Pitayu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, rue Gregor Mendel, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Agnès Rötig
- Inserm U1163, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 149 rue de Sèvres, Paris 75015, France
| | - Agnès Delahodde
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, rue Gregor Mendel, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany Stanford Genome Technology Center, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5301, USA
| | - Geneviève Dujardin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 avenue de la terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- UMR CNRS 6214-INSERM U1083, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France Département de Biochimie et Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers 49933, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- University Bordeaux-CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, 1 rue Camille Saint-Saëns, Bordeaux F-33000, France
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Another “Complex” Case: Complex I Deficiency Secondary to Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase 9 Mutation. Am J Med Sci 2015; 350:423-4. [DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Windpessl M, Müller P, Wallner M. Truth is a daughter of time: a case of MELAS diagnosed 25 years after initial manifestation. Oxf Med Case Reports 2015; 2014:24-5. [PMID: 25988014 PMCID: PMC4369985 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omu010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The acronym MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) belies the true scope of one of the most prevalent mitochondriopathies in adults. While the original description focused on neuromuscular symptoms, we now recognize this syndrome as genetically well defined but phenotypically profoundly heterogeneous, as exemplified by our experience. Here we report the case of a man who initially presented in 1986. In hindsight, his was a classic manifestation of MELAS, but the illness was ascribed to an ill-defined viral encephalitis. Over the years, diabetes and hearing impairment developed and his functional status deteriorated progressively. It took the quarter of a century to arrive at the correct diagnosis. It is worthwhile to keep an open mind when dealing with chronically ill patients with a seemingly clear-cut diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Windpessl
- Fourth Department of Medicine , Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen , Wels , Austria
| | - Petra Müller
- Department of Neurology , Landesnervenklinik Linz , Linz , Austria
| | - Manfred Wallner
- Fourth Department of Medicine , Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen , Wels , Austria
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33
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Formosa LE, Mimaki M, Frazier AE, McKenzie M, Stait TL, Thorburn DR, Stroud DA, Ryan MT. Characterization of mitochondrial FOXRED1 in the assembly of respiratory chain complex I. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2952-65. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Karaa A, Goldstein A. The spectrum of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of mitochondrial forms of diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:1-9. [PMID: 25330715 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases refer to a group of heterogeneous and complex genetic disorders affecting 1:5000 people. The true prevalence is anticipated to be even higher because of the complexity of achieving a diagnosis in many patients who present with multisystemic complaints ranging from infancy to adulthood. Diabetes is a prominent feature of several of these disorders which might be overlooked by the endocrinologist. We here review mitochondrial disorders and describe the phenotypic and pathogenetic differences between mitochondrial diabetes mellitus (mDM) and other more common forms of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Karaa
- Neurogenetics Clinic, Neurology and Clinical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Zhao R, Cai Y, Shao X, Ma B. Improving the activity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on sub-health mice. Food Funct 2015; 6:2033-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-fatigue activity of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on sub-health mice: LBP-4a exhibited anti-fatigue activity on sub-health mice, and the mechanism was closely correlated with the reduction of lipid peroxidation levels and an increase of antioxidant enzyme activities in skeletal muscle tissue, in addition to the improvement in intracellular calcium homeostasis imbalance of skeletal muscle and an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
- P. R. China
| | - Yaping Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
- P. R. China
| | - Xingyue Shao
- Department of gynaecology and obstetrics
- Daqing Oilfield Hospital
- Daqing 163311
- P. R China
| | - Baoling Ma
- Department of physical education
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology
- Qinhuangdao 066004
- P. R. China
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36
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Jia Y, Xu G, Zhou W, Wang Z, Meng L, Zhou S, Xu X, Yuan H, Tian K. Diabetes promotes DMH-induced colorectal cancer by increasing the activity of glycolytic enzymes in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110455. [PMID: 25329503 PMCID: PMC4201553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between diabetes mellitus and colorectal carcinogenesis as well as the possible mechanism involved in this interaction. Diabetes rat models were induced with a low dose of STZ followed by a low dose of DMH to induce colorectal cancer. The formation of ACF in the colon and the incidence, number and size of tumors were measured. The activity of glycolytic enzymes in colonic tissues was also measured. The results demonstrated that both the total number of ACF and the number of foci that contain a different number of crypts were increased in diabetic rats. At the end of the experimental treatment, the incidence, number and size of tumors were also increased in diabetic rats. Overall, these data indicated that diabetes increased the risk of colorectal cancer. The activity of HK and PK in colonic tissues was increased in diabetic rats, whereas the activity of PDH was decreased. In addition, the activities of these enzymes in intratumor were higher than that of in peritumor. These data indicated that the high rate of glycolysis may play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglei Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 456 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, 456 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Songnan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huiqing Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Keli Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Bordia T, McGregor M, Papke RL, Decker MW, McIntosh JM, Quik M. The α7 nicotinic receptor agonist ABT-107 protects against nigrostriatal damage in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Exp Neurol 2014; 263:277-84. [PMID: 25261754 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The finding that smoking is inversely correlated with Parkinson's disease and that nicotine attenuates nigrostriatal damage in Parkinsonian animals supports the idea that nicotine may be neuroprotective. Nicotine is thought to exert this effect by acting at nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), including the α7 subtype. The objective of this study was twofold: first, to test the protective potential of ABT-107, an agonist with high selectivity for α7 nAChRs; and second, to investigate its cellular mechanism of action. Rats were implanted with minipumps containing ABT-107 (0.25mg/kg/d). In addition, we tested the effect of nicotine (1mg/kg/d) as a positive control, and also DMXB (2mg/kg/d) which acts primarily with α7 but also α4β2* nAChRs. Two weeks after minipump placement, the rats were lesioned by unilateral administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the medial forebrain bundle. Lesioning alone decreased contralateral forelimb use and adjusted stepping, two measures of Parkinsonism. ABT-107 and nicotine treatment significantly improved these behaviors at all weeks tested, with variable improvement with DMXB. We next investigated the cellular mechanism involved. The striatal dopamine transporter (DAT), a marker of dopaminergic integrity, was reduced ~70% with lesioning. ABT-107 or nicotine treatment significantly increased DAT levels in lesioned striatum; these drugs did not alter DAT levels in intact striatum. ABT-107 and nicotine also significantly improved basal dopamine release from lesioned striatum, as well as nicotine-stimulated dopamine release mediated via α4β2* and α6β2* nAChRs. These data suggest that α7 nAChR agonists may improve motor behaviors associated with nigrostriatal damage by enhancing striatal dopaminergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Bordia
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthew McGregor
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Roger L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 3261, USA
| | - Michael W Decker
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-6125, USA
| | - J Michael McIntosh
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Garrido-Maraver J, Cordero MD, Oropesa-Ávila M, Fernández Vega A, de la Mata M, Delgado Pavón A, de Miguel M, Pérez Calero C, Villanueva Paz M, Cotán D, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Coenzyme q10 therapy. Mol Syndromol 2014; 5:187-97. [PMID: 25126052 DOI: 10.1159/000360101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For a number of years, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was known for its key role in mitochondrial bioenergetics; later studies demonstrated its presence in other subcellular fractions and in blood plasma, and extensively investigated its antioxidant role. These 2 functions constitute the basis for supporting the clinical use of CoQ10. Also, at the inner mitochondrial membrane level, CoQ10 is recognized as an obligatory cofactor for the function of uncoupling proteins and a modulator of the mitochondrial transition pore. Furthermore, recent data indicate that CoQ10 affects the expression of genes involved in human cell signaling, metabolism and transport, and some of the effects of CoQ10 supplementation may be due to this property. CoQ10 deficiencies are due to autosomal recessive mutations, mitochondrial diseases, aging-related oxidative stress and carcinogenesis processes, and also statin treatment. Many neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer, and muscular and cardiovascular diseases have been associated with low CoQ10 levels as well as different ataxias and encephalomyopathies. CoQ10 treatment does not cause serious adverse effects in humans and new formulations have been developed that increase CoQ10 absorption and tissue distribution. Oral administration of CoQ10 is a frequent antioxidant strategy in many diseases that may provide a significant symptomatic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Garrido-Maraver
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain ; Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández Vega
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario de la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Delgado Pavón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel de Miguel
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez Calero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
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Shapira A, Konopnicki M, Hammad-Saied M, Shabad E. Pearson disease in an infant presenting with severe hypoplastic anemia, normal pancreatic function, and progressive liver failure. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014; 36:402-3. [PMID: 23588341 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e31828b004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pearson disease is a rare, usually fatal, mitochondrial disorder affecting primarily the bone marrow and the exocrine pancreas. We report a previously healthy 10-week-old girl who presented with profound macrocytic anemia followed by pancytopenia, synthetic liver dysfunction with liver steatosis, and metabolic acidosis with high lactate levels. She had no pancreatic involvement. Multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles in myelocytes and monocytes were seen upon microscopic evaluation of the bone marrow. Genetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome revealed a 5 kbp deletion, thus establishing the diagnosis of Pearson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Shapira
- *Department of Pediatrics †The Pediatric Hematology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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40
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Enns GM, Moore T, Le A, Atkuri K, Shah MK, Cusmano-Ozog K, Niemi AK, Cowan TM. Degree of glutathione deficiency and redox imbalance depend on subtype of mitochondrial disease and clinical status. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100001. [PMID: 24941115 PMCID: PMC4062483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are associated with decreased energy production and redox imbalance. Glutathione plays a central role in redox signaling and protecting cells from oxidative damage. In order to understand the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction on in vivo redox status, and to determine how this varies by mitochondrial disease subtype and clinical severity, we used a sensitive tandem mass spectrometry assay to precisely quantify whole blood reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione levels in a large cohort of mitochondrial disorder patients. Glutathione redox potential was calculated using the Nernst equation. Compared to healthy controls (n = 59), mitochondrial disease patients (n = 58) as a group showed significant redox imbalance (redox potential -251 mV ± 9.7, p<0.0001) with an increased level of oxidation by ∼ 9 mV compared to controls (-260 mV ± 6.4). Underlying this abnormality were significantly lower whole blood GSH levels (p = 0.0008) and GSH/GSSG ratio (p = 0.0002), and significantly higher GSSG levels (p<0.0001) in mitochondrial disease patients compared to controls. Redox potential was significantly more oxidized in all mitochondrial disease subgroups including Leigh syndrome (n = 15), electron transport chain abnormalities (n = 10), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (n = 8), mtDNA deletion syndrome (n = 7), mtDNA depletion syndrome (n = 7), and miscellaneous other mitochondrial disorders (n = 11). Patients hospitalized in metabolic crisis (n = 7) showed the greatest degree of redox imbalance at -242 mV ± 7. Peripheral whole blood GSH and GSSG levels are promising biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction, and may give insights into the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathophysiology of the various mitochondrial disorders. In particular, evaluation of redox potential may be useful in monitoring of clinical status or response to redox-modulating therapies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tereza Moore
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony Le
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kondala Atkuri
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Monisha K. Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kristina Cusmano-Ozog
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Anna-Kaisa Niemi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Tina M. Cowan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Morató L, Bertini E, Verrigni D, Ardissone A, Ruiz M, Ferrer I, Uziel G, Pujol A. Mitochondrial dysfunction in central nervous system white matter disorders. Glia 2014; 62:1878-94. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Morató
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); ISCIII Spain
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital; IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Daniela Verrigni
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital; IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Anna Ardissone
- Department of Child Neurology The Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute (IRCCS); Milan Italy
| | - Montse Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); ISCIII Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); ISCIII Spain
| | - Graziella Uziel
- Department of Child Neurology The Foundation “Carlo Besta” Neurological Institute (IRCCS); Milan Italy
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER); ISCIII Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA); Barcelona Spain
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Menezes MJ, Riley LG, Christodoulou J. Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders in childhood: Insights into diagnosis and management in the new era of genomic medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1368-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Nitric oxide, oxidative stress, and p66Shc interplay in diabetic endothelial dysfunction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:193095. [PMID: 24734227 PMCID: PMC3964753 DOI: 10.1155/2014/193095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability play a causal role in endothelial cell dysfunction occurring in the vasculature of diabetic patients. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms underpinning diabetic endothelial and vascular dysfunction. In particular, we focused our attention on the complex interplay existing among NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and one crucial regulator of intracellular ROS production, p66Shc protein.
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Orr AL, Ashok D, Sarantos MR, Shi T, Hughes RE, Brand MD. Inhibitors of ROS production by the ubiquinone-binding site of mitochondrial complex I identified by chemical screening. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1047-1059. [PMID: 23994103 PMCID: PMC4321955 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species is often considered an unavoidable consequence of aerobic metabolism and currently cannot be manipulated without perturbing oxidative phosphorylation. Antioxidants are widely used to suppress effects of reactive oxygen species after formation, but they can never fully prevent immediate effects at the sites of production. To identify site-selective inhibitors of mitochondrial superoxide/H2O2 production that do not interfere with mitochondrial energy metabolism, we developed a robust small-molecule screen and secondary profiling strategy. We describe the discovery and characterization of a compound (N-cyclohexyl-4-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzenesulfonamide; CN-POBS) that selectively inhibits superoxide/H2O2 production from the ubiquinone-binding site of complex I (site I(Q)) with no effects on superoxide/H2O2 production from other sites or on oxidative phosphorylation. Structure/activity studies identified a core structure that is important for potency and selectivity for site I(Q). By employing CN-POBS in mitochondria respiring on NADH-generating substrates, we show that site I(Q) does not produce significant amounts of superoxide/H2O2 during forward electron transport on glutamate plus malate. Our screening platform promises to facilitate further discovery of direct modulators of mitochondrially derived oxidative damage and advance our ability to understand and manipulate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production under both normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Orr
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
| | - Deepthi Ashok
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | - Tong Shi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | - Martin D Brand
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The metabolic myopathies result from inborn errors of metabolism affecting intracellular energy production due to defects in glycogen, lipid, adenine nucleotides, and mitochondrial metabolism. This article provides an overview of the most common metabolic myopathies. RECENT FINDINGS Our knowledge of metabolic myopathies has expanded rapidly in recent years, providing us with major advances in the detection of genetic and biochemical defects. New and improved diagnostic tools are now available for some of these disorders, and targeted therapies for specific biochemical deficits have been developed (ie, enzyme replacement therapy for acid maltase deficiency). SUMMARY The diagnostic approach for patients with suspected metabolic myopathy should start with the recognition of a static or dynamic pattern (fixed versus exercise-induced weakness). Individual presentations vary according to age of onset and the severity of each particular biochemical dysfunction. Additional clinical clues include the presence of multisystem disease, family history, and laboratory characteristics. Appropriate investigations, timely treatment, and genetic counseling are discussed for the most common conditions.
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Emerging metabolic targets in the therapy of hematological malignancies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:946206. [PMID: 24024216 PMCID: PMC3759275 DOI: 10.1155/2013/946206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the development of anticancer therapies has focused on targeting neoplastic-related metabolism. Cancer cells display a variety of changes in their metabolism, which enable them to satisfy the high bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands for rapid cell division. One of the crucial alterations is referred to as the "Warburg effect", which involves a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation towards the less efficient glycolysis, independent of the presence of oxygen. Although there are many examples of solid tumors having altered metabolism with high rates of glucose uptake and glycolysis, it was only recently reported that this phenomenon occurs in hematological malignancies. This review presents evidence that targeting the glycolytic pathway at different levels in hematological malignancies can inhibit cancer cell proliferation by restoring normal metabolic conditions. However, to achieve cancer regression, high concentrations of glycolytic inhibitors are used due to limited solubility and biodistribution, which may result in toxicity. Besides using these inhibitors as monotherapies, combinatorial approaches using standard chemotherapeutic agents could display enhanced efficacy at eradicating malignant cells. The identification of the metabolic enzymes critical for hematological cancer cell proliferation and survival appears to be an interesting new approach for the targeted therapy of hematological malignancies.
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Pfeffer G, Horvath R, Klopstock T, Mootha VK, Suomalainen A, Koene S, Hirano M, Zeviani M, Bindoff LA, Yu-Wai-Man P, Hanna M, Carelli V, McFarland R, Majamaa K, Turnbull DM, Smeitink J, Chinnery PF. New treatments for mitochondrial disease-no time to drop our standards. Nat Rev Neurol 2013; 9:474-81. [PMID: 23817350 PMCID: PMC4967498 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common cause of inherited multisystem disease that often involves the nervous system. Despite major advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases, clinical management of these conditions remains largely supportive. Using a systematic approach, we identified 1,039 publications on treatments for mitochondrial diseases, only 35 of which included observations on more than five patients. Reports of a positive outcome on the basis of a biomarker of unproven clinical significance were more common in nonrandomized and nonblinded studies, suggesting a publication bias toward positive but poorly executed studies. Although trial design is improving, there is a critical need to develop new biomarkers of mitochondrial disease. In this Perspectives article, we make recommendations for the design of future treatment trials in mitochondrial diseases. Patients and physicians should no longer rely on potentially biased data, with the associated costs and risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pfeffer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
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Selim L, Mehaney D. Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes in a Japanese child: Clinical, radiological and molecular genetic analysis. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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49
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Diaz GA, Krivitzky LS, Mokhtarani M, Rhead W, Bartley J, Feigenbaum A, Longo N, Berquist W, Berry SA, Gallagher R, Lichter-Konecki U, Bartholomew D, Harding CO, Cederbaum S, McCandless SE, Smith W, Vockley G, Bart SA, Korson MS, Kronn D, Zori R, Merritt JL, C S Nagamani S, Mauney J, Lemons C, Dickinson K, Moors TL, Coakley DF, Scharschmidt BF, Lee B. Ammonia control and neurocognitive outcome among urea cycle disorder patients treated with glycerol phenylbutyrate. Hepatology 2013; 57:2171-9. [PMID: 22961727 PMCID: PMC3557606 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glycerol phenylbutyrate is under development for treatment of urea cycle disorders (UCDs), rare inherited metabolic disorders manifested by hyperammonemia and neurological impairment. We report the results of a pivotal Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial comparing ammonia control, assessed as 24-hour area under the curve (NH3 -AUC0-24hr ), and pharmacokinetics during treatment with glycerol phenylbutyrate versus sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPBA) in adult UCD patients and the combined results of four studies involving short- and long-term glycerol phenylbutyrate treatment of UCD patients ages 6 and above. Glycerol phenylbutyrate was noninferior to NaPBA with respect to ammonia control in the pivotal study, with mean (standard deviation, SD) NH3 -AUC0-24hr of 866 (661) versus 977 (865) μmol·h/L for glycerol phenylbutyrate and NaPBA, respectively. Among 65 adult and pediatric patients completing three similarly designed short-term comparisons of glycerol phenylbutyrate versus NaPBA, NH3 -AUC0-24hr was directionally lower on glycerol phenylbutyrate in each study, similar among all subgroups, and significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the pooled analysis, as was plasma glutamine. The 24-hour ammonia profiles were consistent with the slow-release behavior of glycerol phenylbutyrate and better overnight ammonia control. During 12 months of open-label glycerol phenylbutyrate treatment, average ammonia was normal in adult and pediatric patients and executive function among pediatric patients, including behavioral regulation, goal setting, planning, and self-monitoring, was significantly improved. CONCLUSION Glycerol phenylbutyrate exhibits favorable pharmacokinetics and ammonia control relative to NaPBA in UCD patients, and long-term glycerol phenylbutyrate treatment in pediatric UCD patients was associated with improved executive function (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00551200, NCT00947544, NCT00992459, NCT00947297). (HEPATOLOGY 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Diaz
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY, USA
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50
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Abstract
Currently, all treatment of mitochondrial disorders is performed with dietary supplements or by off-label use of drugs approved for other indications. The present challenge is translation of our collective knowledge of the molecular details underlying the pathophysiology of mitochondrial disorders into safe and effective therapies that are approved by the regulatory authorities. Molecular details permit precise diagnoses, but homogeneity is gained at the expense of limiting numbers of subjects for clinical trials and of small markets from which to recoup the considerable expense of drug discovery and development. The Food and Drug Administration recognizes that trial designs suitable for common diseases are often not feasible for rare disorders. They have developed a number of programs to facilitate development of novel therapies for such rare diseases, without compromise of regulatory standards. With advances in technology, including the use of biomarkers, replacement therapies and sophisticated trial designs, both biotechnology firms and, increasingly, large integrated pharmaceutical companies, are taking advantage of the opportunities in rare disorders. Precise molecular delineation of pathophysiology and of responsive patients has led to success rates with rare diseases that are significantly greater than those for common disorders. It appears likely, but not yet proven, that this may now be the case for rare mitochondrial disorders as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orest Hurko
- Clinical Translational Medicine, 19 Sugar Knoll Drive, Suite 203, Devon, PA 19333-1558, USA.
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