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Delgado CA, Poletto E, Vera LNP, Jacques CED, Vianna P, Reinhardt LS, Baldo G, Vargas CR. Effect of genistein and coenzyme Q10 in oxidative damage and mitochondrial membrane potential in an attenuated type II mucopolysaccharidosis cellular model. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3932. [PMID: 38332678 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an inborn error of the metabolism resulting from several possible mutations in the gene coding for iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), which leads to a great clinical heterogeneity presented by these patients. Many studies demonstrate the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of inborn errors of metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress can be related since most of reactive oxygen species come from mitochondria. Cellular models have been used to study different diseases and are useful in biochemical research to investigate them in a new promising way. The aim of this study is to develop a heterozygous cellular model for MPS II and analyze parameters of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and investigate the in vitro effect of genistein and coenzyme Q10 on these parameters for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. The HP18 cells (heterozygous c.261_266del6/c.259_261del3) showed almost null results in the activity of the IDS enzyme and presented accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), allowing the characterization of this knockout cellular model by MPS II gene editing. An increase in the production of reactive species was demonstrated (p < .05 compared with WT vehicle group) and genistein at concentrations of 25 and 50 µm decreased in vitro its production (p < .05 compared with HP18 vehicle group), but there was no effect of coenzyme Q10 in this parameter. There was a tendency for lysosomal pH change in HP18 cells in comparison to WT group and none of the antioxidants tested demonstrated any effect on this parameter. There was no increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase and oxidative damage to DNA in HP18 cells in comparison to WT group and neither genistein nor coenzyme q10 had any effect on these parameters. Regarding mitochondrial membrane potential, genistein induced mitochondrial depolarization in both concentrations tested (p < .05 compared with HP18 vehicle group and compared with WT vehicle group) and incubation with coenzyme Q10 demonstrated no effect on this parameter. In conclusion, it is hypothesized that our cellular model could be compared with a milder MPS II phenotype, given that the accumulation of GAGs in lysosomes is not as expressive as another cellular model for MPS II presented in the literature. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that there is no mitochondrial depolarization and no DNA damage, since there is less lysosomal impairment, as well as less redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Aguilar Delgado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edina Poletto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luisa Natalia Pimentel Vera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Vianna
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Baldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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2
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Herrero Martín JC, Salegi Ansa B, Álvarez-Rivera G, Domínguez-Zorita S, Rodríguez-Pombo P, Pérez B, Calvo E, Paradela A, Miguez DG, Cifuentes A, Cuezva JM, Formentini L. An ETFDH-driven metabolon supports OXPHOS efficiency in skeletal muscle by regulating coenzyme Q homeostasis. Nat Metab 2024; 6:209-225. [PMID: 38243131 PMCID: PMC10896730 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (Q) is a key lipid electron transporter, but several aspects of its biosynthesis and redox homeostasis remain undefined. Various flavoproteins reduce ubiquinone (oxidized form of Q) to ubiquinol (QH2); however, in eukaryotes, only oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex III (CIII) oxidizes QH2 to Q. The mechanism of action of CIII is still debated. Herein, we show that the Q reductase electron-transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) is essential for CIII activity in skeletal muscle. We identify a complex (comprising ETFDH, CIII and the Q-biosynthesis regulator COQ2) that directs electrons from lipid substrates to the respiratory chain, thereby reducing electron leaks and reactive oxygen species production. This metabolon maintains total Q levels, minimizes QH2-reductive stress and improves OXPHOS efficiency. Muscle-specific Etfdh-/- mice develop myopathy due to CIII dysfunction, indicating that ETFDH is a required OXPHOS component and a potential therapeutic target for mitochondrial redox medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cruz Herrero Martín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beñat Salegi Ansa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera
- Laboratorio Foodomics, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Domínguez-Zorita
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Pombo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular (IUBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Universitaria La Paz (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular (IUBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Universitaria La Paz (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Paradela
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David G Miguez
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular (IUBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratorio Foodomics, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular (IUBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Formentini
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Biología Molecular (IUBM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Vianey-Saban C, Guffon N, Fouilhoux A, Acquaviva C. Fifty years of research on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders: The remaining challenges. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:848-873. [PMID: 37530674 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of the first disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD) in 1973, more than 20 defects have been identified. Although there are some differences, most FAOD have similar clinical signs, which are mainly due to energy depletion and toxicity of accumulated metabolites. However, some of them have an unusual clinical phenotype or specific clinical signs. This manuscript focuses on what we have learnt so far on the pathophysiology of these disorders, which present with clinical signs that are not typical of categorical FAOD. It also highlights that some disorders have not yet been identified and tries to make assumptions to explain why. It also deals with new treatments under consideration in FAOD, including triheptanoin and similar anaplerotic substrates, ketone body treatments, RNA and gene therapy approaches. Finally, it suggests challenges for the diagnosis of FAOD in the coming years, both for symptomatic patients and for those diagnosed through newborn screening. The ultimate goal would be to identify all the patients born with FAOD and ensure for them the best possible quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vianey-Saban
- Biochemical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Metabolic Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Guffon
- National Reference Centre for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Alain Fouilhoux
- National Reference Centre for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cécile Acquaviva
- Biochemical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Metabolic Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
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4
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Teng Y, Xu L, Li W, Liu P, Tian L, Liu M. Targeting reactive oxygen species and fat acid oxidation for the modulation of tumor-associated macrophages: a narrative review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224443. [PMID: 37545527 PMCID: PMC10401428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are significant immunocytes infiltrating the tumor microenvironment(TME). Recent research has shown that TAMs exhibit diversity in terms of their phenotype, function, time, and spatial distribution, which allows for further classification of TAM subtypes. The metabolic efficiency of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) varies among TAM subtypes. FAO is closely linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a role in processes such as oxidative stress. Current evidence demonstrates that FAO and ROS can influence TAMs' recruitment, polarization, and phagocytosis ability either individually or in combination, thereby impacting tumor progression. But the specific mechanisms associated with these relationships still require further investigation. We will review the current status of research on the relationship between TAMs and tumor development from three aspects: ROS and TAMs, FAO and TAMs, and the interconnectedness of FAO, ROS, and TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linli Tian
- *Correspondence: Linli Tian, ; Ming Liu,
| | - Ming Liu
- *Correspondence: Linli Tian, ; Ming Liu,
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5
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Tummolo A, Leone P, Tolomeo M, Solito R, Mattiuzzo M, Lepri FR, Lorè T, Cardinali R, De Giovanni D, Simonetti S, Barile M. Combined
isobutyryl‐CoA
and multiple
acyl‐CoA
dehydrogenase deficiency in a boy with altered riboflavin homeostasis. JIMD Rep 2022; 63:276-291. [PMID: 35822092 PMCID: PMC9259400 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we describe the case of an 11‐year‐old boy, who came to our attention for myalgia and muscle weakness, associated with inappetence and vomiting. Hypertransaminasemia was also noted, with ultrasound evidence of hepatomegaly. Biochemical investigations revealed acylcarnitine and organic acid profiles resembling those seen in MADD, that is, multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies (OMIM #231680) a rare inherited disorder of fatty acids, amino acids, and choline metabolism. The patient carried a single pathogenetic variant in the ETFDH gene (c.524G>A, p.Arg175His) and no pathogenetic variant in the riboflavin (Rf) homeostasis related genes (SLC52A1, SLC52A2, SLC52A3, SLC25A32, FLAD1). Instead, compound heterozygosity was found in the ACAD8 gene (c.512C>G, p.Ser171Cys; c.822C>A, p.Asn274Lys), coding for isobutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (IBD), whose pathogenic variants are associated to IBD deficiency (OMIM #611283), a rare autosomal recessive disorder of valine catabolism. The c.822C>A was never previously described in a patient. Subsequent further analyses of Rf homeostasis showed reduced levels of flavins in plasma and altered FAD‐dependent enzymatic activities in erythrocytes, as well as a significant reduction in the level of the plasma membrane Rf transporter 2 in erythrocytes. The observed Rf/flavin scarcity in this patient, possibly associated with a decreased ETF:QO efficiency might be responsible for the observed MADD‐like phenotype. The patient's clinical picture improved after supplementation of Rf, l‐carnitine, Coenzyme Q10, and also 3OH‐butyrate. This report demonstrates that, even in the absence of genetic defects in genes involved in Rf homeostasis, further targeted molecular analysis may reveal secondary and possibly treatable biochemical alterations in this pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Tummolo
- Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Genetics Unit Children's Hospital “Giovanni XXIII” Bari Italy
| | - Piero Leone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari “A. Moro” Bari Italy
| | - Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari “A. Moro” Bari Italy
| | - Rita Solito
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari “A. Moro” Bari Italy
| | - Matteo Mattiuzzo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Lepri
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital Rome Italy
| | - Tania Lorè
- Regional Centre for Neonatal Screening Children's Hospital “Giovanni XXIII” Bari Italy
| | - Roberta Cardinali
- Regional Centre for Neonatal Screening Children's Hospital “Giovanni XXIII” Bari Italy
| | - Donatella De Giovanni
- Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Genetics Unit Children's Hospital “Giovanni XXIII” Bari Italy
| | - Simonetta Simonetti
- Regional Centre for Neonatal Screening Children's Hospital “Giovanni XXIII” Bari Italy
| | - Maria Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics University of Bari “A. Moro” Bari Italy
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6
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Zhang L, Wang Z, Wu H, Gao Y, Zheng J, Zhang J. Maternal High-Fat Diet Impairs Placental Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Metabolic Homeostasis in the Offspring. Front Nutr 2022; 9:849684. [PMID: 35495939 PMCID: PMC9050107 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition can affect fetal growth and development, thus increasing susceptibility to obesity and diabetes in later life of the offspring. Placenta is the central organ connecting the developing fetus with the maternal environment. It is indicated placental fatty acid metabolism plays an essential role in affecting the outcome of the pregnancy and fetus. However, the role of placental fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in maternal overnutrition affecting glucose metabolism in the offspring remains unclear. In this study, C57BL/6J female mice were fed with normal chow or high-fat diet before and during pregnancy and lactation. The placenta and fetal liver were collected at gestation day 18.5, and the offspring's liver was collected at weaning. FAO-related genes and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway were examined both in the placenta and in the human JEG-3 trophoblast cells. FAO-related genes were further examined in the liver of the fetuses and in the offspring at weaning. We found that dams fed with high-fat diet showed higher fasting blood glucose, impaired glucose tolerance at gestation day 14.5 and higher serum total cholesterol (T-CHO) at gestation day 18.5. The placental weight and lipid deposition were significantly increased in maternal high-fat diet group. At weaning, the offspring mice of high-fat diet group exhibited higher body weight, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and increased serum T-CHO, compared with control group. We further found that maternal high-fat diet downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), a key enzyme in FAO, by suppressing the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1α signaling pathway in the placenta. In JEG-3 cells, protein expressions of CPT2 and CPT1b were both downregulated by suppressing the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1α signaling pathway under glucolipotoxic condition, but were later restored by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR). However, there was no difference in CPT2 and CPT1 gene expression in the liver of fetuses and offspring at weaning age. In conclusion, maternal high-fat diet can impair gene expression involved in FAO in the placenta by downregulating the AMPK signaling pathway, and can cause glucose and lipid dysfunction of offspring at weaning, indicating that placental FAO may play a crucial role in regulating maternal overnutrition and metabolic health in the offspring.
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7
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da Rosa-Junior NT, Parmeggiani B, Glänzel NM, de Moura Alvorcem L, Brondani M, Britto R, Grings M, Ortiz VD, Turck P, da Rosa Araujo AS, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Antioxidant system disturbances and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by 3-methyglutaric acid in rat heart are prevented by bezafibrate. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 924:174950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Wang MH, Ye Y, Zhang M, Zhou BR, Wang JN, Song YN, Xia W. Exosome-mediated delivery of SCD-1 siRNA promoted the death of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells via regulating ROS level. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:288-296. [PMID: 34287816 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive cancers in the world. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) is one of major enzymes in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids and is related to cancer aggressiveness and poor patient prognosis. The study aimed to construct exosomes loaded SCD-1 interference, investigate its effects and mechanisms on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of ATC cells. METHODS The expressions of SCD-1 in normal thyroid cell line and ATC cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Exosomes were prepared and purification then loaded with SCD-1 siRNA by electroporation and observed by transmission electron microscopy. Higher SCD-1 mRNA and protein levels were found in ATC cell lines compared than normal thyroid cell line (P < 0.05), and both Hth-7 and FRO cells could uptake PKH67-labeled exosomes. The effects of exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA on ATC cells were measured by CCK8 assay and apoptosis detection kit. RESULTS When compared with control group, the cell viability significantly decreased in both two ATC cell lines taken up exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA (P < 0.001), and apoptotic and necrotic cells obviously increased (P < 0.05). In order to explore the mechanism of exosomes loaded SCD-1 on ATC, the ROS level was detected by fluorescence reagent. It was found that exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA significantly increased intracellular ROS level of ATC cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA inhibited ATC cellular proliferation and promoted cellular apoptosis, and the mechanisms involved maybe the regulation of fatty acids metabolism and ROS level. Our study provides a promising therapeutic strategy for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ye
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - M Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - B R Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - J N Wang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Y N Song
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - W Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Tang Z, Gao S, He M, Chen Q, Fang J, Luo Y, Yan W, Shi X, Huang H, Tang J. Clinical Presentations and Genetic Characteristics of Late-Onset MADD Due to ETFDH Mutations in Five Patients: A Case Series. Front Neurol 2021; 12:747360. [PMID: 34819910 PMCID: PMC8606537 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.747360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LO-MADD) describes a curable autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by ETFDH mutations that result in defects in ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Almost all patients are responsive to riboflavin. This study describes the clinical presentations and genetic characteristics of five LO-MADD patients. Methods: From 2018 to 2021, we collected clinical and genetic data on five patients diagnosed with LO-MADD at our hospital and retrospectively analyzed their clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, electromyography, muscle biopsy, genetic analysis, and outcome data. Results: This study included three males and two females with mean onset age of 37.8 years. Fluctuating exercise intolerance was the most common presentation. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were significantly elevated in all patients, and plasma acylcarnitine profiles revealed an increase in long-chain acylcarnitine species in three cases. The urinary organic acid study revealed a high level of hydroxyglutaric acid in all patients. Electrophysiology demonstrated myogenic impairment. Muscle biopsies revealed lipid storage myopathy. Molecular analysis identified nine mutations (three novels and six reported) in ETFDH. Exercise intolerance and muscle weakness were dramatically improved in all patients treated with riboflavin (100 mg) daily following diagnosis. Conclusions: LO-MADD is caused by ETFDH variants and responds well to riboflavin. Three novel ETFDH pathogenic variants were identified, expanding their spectrum in the Chinese population and facilitating future interpretation and analysis of ETFDH mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchu Tang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qihua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Fang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiqian Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoliu Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianguang Tang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Leone P, Tolomeo M, Piancone E, Puzzovio PG, De Giorgi C, Indiveri C, Di Schiavi E, Barile M. Mimicking human riboflavin responsive neuromuscular disorders by silencing flad-1 gene in C. elegans: Alteration of vitamin transport and cholinergic transmission. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:672-683. [PMID: 34558787 PMCID: PMC9292511 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Riboflavin (Rf), or vitamin B2, is the precursor of FMN and FAD, redox cofactors of several dehydrogenases involved in energy metabolism, redox balance and other cell regulatory processes. FAD synthase, coded by FLAD1 gene in humans, is the last enzyme in the pathway converting Rf into FAD. Mutations in FLAD1 gene are responsible for neuromuscular disorders, in some cases treatable with Rf. In order to mimic these disorders, the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) gene orthologue of FLAD1 (flad‐1) was silenced in a model strain hypersensitive to RNA interference in nervous system. Silencing flad‐1 resulted in a significant decrease in total flavin content, paralleled by a decrease in the level of the FAD‐dependent ETFDH protein and by a secondary transcriptional down‐regulation of the Rf transporter 1 (rft‐1) possibly responsible for the total flavin content decrease. Conversely an increased ETFDH mRNA content was found. These biochemical changes were accompanied by significant phenotypical changes, including impairments of fertility and locomotion due to altered cholinergic transmission, as indicated by the increased sensitivity to aldicarb. A proposal is made that neuronal acetylcholine production/release is affected by alteration of Rf homeostasis. Rf supplementation restored flavin content, increased rft‐1 transcript levels and eliminated locomotion defects. In this aspect, C. elegans could provide a low‐cost animal model to elucidate the molecular rationale for Rf therapy in human Rf responsive neuromuscular disorders and to screen other molecules with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Leone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Piancone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Puzzovio
- Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Carla De Giorgi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR) CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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11
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Brandão SR, Ferreira R, Rocha H. Exploring the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics to multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency-related phenotype. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:210-216. [PMID: 31215835 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1628065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation disorders (FAOD) are among the diseases detected by newborn screening in most developed countries. Alterations of mitochondrial functionality are characteristic of these metabolic disorders. However, many questions remain to be clarified, namely how the interplay between the signaling pathways harbored in mitochondria contributes to the disease-related phenotype. Herein, we overview the role of mitochondria on the regulation of cell homeostasis through the production of ROS, mitophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Emphasis is given to the signaling pathways involving MnSOD, sirtuins and PGC-1α, which seem to contribute to FAOD phenotype, namely to multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD). The association between phenotype and genotype is not straightforward, suggesting that specific molecular mechanisms may contribute to MADD pathogenesis, making MADD an interesting model to better understand this interplay. However, more work needs to be done envisioning the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia R Brandão
- Mass Spectrometry Group, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Mass Spectrometry Group, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Raimo S, Zura-Miller G, Fezelinia H, Spruce LA, Zakopoulos I, Mohsen AW, Vockley J, Ischiropoulos H. Mitochondrial morphology, bioenergetics and proteomic responses in fatty acid oxidation disorders. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101923. [PMID: 33725513 PMCID: PMC7970426 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in nuclear genes encoding for mitochondrial proteins very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) and trifunctional protein (TFP) cause rare autosomal recessive disorders. Studies in fibroblasts derived from patients with mutations in VLCAD and TFP exhibit mitochondrial defects. To gain insights on pathological changes that account for the mitochondrial deficits we performed quantitative proteomic, biochemical, and morphometric analyses in fibroblasts derived from subjects with three different VLCAD and three different TFP mutations. Proteomic data that was corroborated by antibody-based detection, indicated reduced levels of VLCAD and TFP protein in cells with VLCAD and TFP mutations respectively, which in part accounted for the diminished fatty acid oxidation capacity. Decreased mitochondrial respiratory capacity in cells with VLCAD and TFP mutations was quantified after glucose removal and cells with TFP mutations had lower levels of glycogen. Despite these energetic deficiencies, the cells with VLCAD and TFP mutations did not exhibit changes in mitochondria morphology, distribution, fusion and fission, quantified by either confocal or transmission electron microscopy and corroborated by proteomic and antibody-based protein analysis. Fibroblasts with VLCAD and to a lesser extend cells with TFP mutations had increased levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins and proteins that facilitate the assembly of respiratory complexes. With the exception of reduced levels of catalase and glutathione S-transferase theta-1 in cells with TFP mutations, the levels of 45 proteins across all major intracellular antioxidant networks were similar between cells with VLCAD and TFP mutations and non-disease controls. Collectively the data indicate that despite the metabolic deficits, cells with VLCAD and TFP mutations maintain their proteomic integrity to preserve cellular and mitochondria architecture, support energy production and protect against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Raimo
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Division of Neonatology, Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gabriella Zura-Miller
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Division of Neonatology, Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hossein Fezelinia
- Proteomics Core Facility, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Health and Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynn A Spruce
- Proteomics Core Facility, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Iordanis Zakopoulos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Division of Neonatology, Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Al-Walid Mohsen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Division of Neonatology, Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, the Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Lund M, Andersen KG, Heaton R, Hargreaves IP, Gregersen N, Olsen RKJ. Bezafibrate activation of PPAR drives disturbances in mitochondrial redox bioenergetics and decreases the viability of cells from patients with VLCAD deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166100. [PMID: 33549744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is the most common inborn long-chain fatty acid oxidation (FAO) disorder. VLCAD deficiency is characterized by distinct phenotypes. The severe phenotypes are potentially life-threatening and affect the heart or liver, with a comparatively milder phenotype characterized by myopathic symptoms. There is an unmet clinical need for effective treatment options for the myopathic phenotype. The molecular mechanisms driving the gradual decrease in mitochondrial function and associated alterations of muscle fibers are unclear. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan-agonist bezafibrate is a potent modulator of FAO and multiple other mitochondrial functions and has been proposed as a potential medication for myopathic cases of long-chain FAO disorders. In vitro experiments have demonstrated the ability of bezafibrate to increase VLCAD expression and activity. However, the outcome of small-scale clinical trials has been controversial. We found VLCAD deficient patient fibroblasts to have an increased oxidative stress burden and deranged mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity, compared to controls. Applying heat stress under fasting conditions to bezafibrate pretreated patient cells, caused a marked further increase of mitochondrial superoxide levels. Patient cells failed to maintain levels of the essential thiol peptide antioxidant glutathione and experienced a decrease in cellular viability. Our findings indicate that chronic PPAR activation is a plausible initiator of long-term pathogenesis in VLCAD deficiency. Our findings further implicate disruption of redox homeostasis as a key pathogenic mechanism in VLCAD deficiency and support the notion that a deranged thiol metabolism might be an important pathogenic factor in VLCAD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lund
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juel-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kathrine G Andersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juel-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robert Heaton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juel-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke K J Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juel-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
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14
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Elkhateeb N, Chakrapani A, Davison J, Grunewald S, Batzios S. Pancreatitis in multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: An underdiagnosed complication. JIMD Rep 2021; 57:15-22. [PMID: 33473335 PMCID: PMC7802625 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MADD) deficiency represents a rare fatty acid oxidation disorder where sporadic reports of pancreatitis already exist. Here, we report three cases of MADD with pancreatic involvement raising questions whether this represents an incidental finding or it is related to the pathophysiology of MADD. METHODS We have retrospectively studied the clinical, biochemical and radiologic data of patients with MADD diagnosed in our department over the last 20 years to identify patients with pancreatic involvement. RESULTS Three out of 17 patients had pancreatic involvement. All three patients were diagnosed with MADD in the neonatal period (two-third symptomatic-riboflavin nonresponsive, one-third asymptomatic via newborn screening-riboflavin responsive). Age at presentation of pancreatitis ranged from 20 months to 11 years. Presentations included a single episode of acute pancreatitis in the first patient, chronic necrotizing pancreatitis in the second patient, while the third patient was diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis (CP) incidentally through ultrasonography. All patients had inflammation features on either abdominal computed tomography or ultrasound. Pancreatic enzymes were elevated in two patients. Management of pancreatitis was done conservatively while the patient with necrotic CP required subtotal pancreatectomy. DISCUSSION Our data suggest that pancreatitis might be more common in patients with MADD than previously reported, requiring a high index of suspicion in patients with acute metabolic decompensation or nonspecific abdominal symptoms. We hypothesize that the underlying mechanism of pancreatitis in MADD is similar to that in mitochondrial disorders, both resulting from disordered energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Elkhateeb
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Anupam Chakrapani
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - James Davison
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Spyros Batzios
- Department of Paediatric Metabolic MedicineGreat Ormond Street Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
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15
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Grings M, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Redox Homeostasis Impairment as Pathomechanisms of Brain Damage in Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy: Insights from Animal and Human Studies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:565-575. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Increased antioxidant response in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: does lipoic acid have a protective role? Pediatr Res 2020; 88:556-564. [PMID: 32045933 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency (MCADD) is the most frequent fatty acid oxidation (FAO) defect in humans. MCAD-deficient fibroblasts are more resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death than other FAO defects and healthy controls. METHODS Herein we investigate the antioxidant response and mitochondrial function in fibroblasts from MCAD-deficient patients (c.985 A>G/c.985 A>G) and healthy controls. RESULTS MCAD-deficient fibroblasts showed increased level of mitochondrial superoxide, while lipids were less oxidatively damaged, and higher amount of manganese superoxide dismutase were detected compared to healthy controls, showing forceful antioxidant system in MCADD. We showed increased maximal respiration and reserve capacity in MCAD-deficient fibroblasts compared to controls, indicating more capacity through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and subsequently respiratory chain. This led us to study the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), the key enzyme in the glycolysis releasing acetyl-CoA to the TCA cycle. MCAD-deficient fibroblasts displayed not only significantly increased PDC but also increased lipoylated PDC protein levels compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we raise the interesting hypothesis that increased PDC-bound lipoic acid, synthesized from accumulated octanoic acid in MCADD, may affect the cellular antioxidant pool in MCADD.
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17
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Tolomeo M, Nisco A, Leone P, Barile M. Development of Novel Experimental Models to Study Flavoproteome Alterations in Human Neuromuscular Diseases: The Effect of Rf Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155310. [PMID: 32722651 PMCID: PMC7432027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of Riboflavin (Rf) transport and metabolism have been recently related to severe human neuromuscular disorders, as resulting in profound alteration of human flavoproteome and, therefore, of cellular bioenergetics. This explains why the interest in studying the “flavin world”, a topic which has not been intensively investigated before, has increased much over the last few years. This also prompts basic questions concerning how Rf transporters and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) -forming enzymes work in humans, and how they can create a coordinated network ensuring the maintenance of intracellular flavoproteome. The concept of a coordinated cellular “flavin network”, introduced long ago studying humans suffering for Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD), has been, later on, addressed in model organisms and more recently in cell models. In the frame of the underlying relevance of a correct supply of Rf in humans and of a better understanding of the molecular rationale of Rf therapy in patients, this review wants to deal with theories and existing experimental models in the aim to potentiate possible therapeutic interventions in Rf-related neuromuscular diseases.
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18
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Seminotti B, Leipnitz G, Karunanidhi A, Kochersperger C, Roginskaya VY, Basu S, Wang Y, Wipf P, Van Houten B, Mohsen AW, Vockley J. Mitochondrial energetics is impaired in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and can be rescued by treatment with mitochondria-targeted electron scavengers. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:928-941. [PMID: 30445591 PMCID: PMC6400046 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is the most common defect of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation. Patients present with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes affecting heart, liver and skeletal muscle predominantly. The full pathophysiology of the disease is unclear and patient response to current therapeutic regimens is incomplete. To identify additional cellular alterations and explore more effective therapies, mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox homeostasis were assessed in VLCAD-deficient fibroblasts, and several protective compounds were evaluated. The results revealed cellular and tissue changes, including decreased respiratory chain (RC) function, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and altered mitochondrial function and signaling pathways in a variety of VLCAD-deficient fibroblasts. The mitochondrially enriched electron and free radical scavengers JP4-039 and XJB-5-131 improved RC function and decreased ROS production significantly, suggesting that they are viable candidate compounds to further develop to treat VLCAD-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Seminotti
- Division Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Division Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anuradha Karunanidhi
- Division Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Kochersperger
- Division Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vera Y Roginskaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shrabani Basu
- Division Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yudong Wang
- Division Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Al-Walid Mohsen
- Division Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Division Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Activated mTOR signaling pathway in myofibers with inherited metabolic defect might be an evidence for mTOR inhibition therapies. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:805-810. [PMID: 30897595 PMCID: PMC6595864 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormally activated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been reported in several model animals with inherited metabolic myopathies (IMMs). However, the profiles of mTOR pathway in skeletal muscles from patients are still unknown. This study aimed to analyze the activity of mTOR pathway in IMMs muscles. Methods: We collected muscle samples from 25 patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM), lipid storage disease (LSD) or Pompe disease (PD). To evaluate the activity of mTOR pathway in muscle specimens, phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6) and p70S6 kinase (p-p70S6K) were analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: Western blotting results showed that p-p70S6K/p70S6K in muscles from LSD and MM was up-regulated when compared with normal controls (NC) (NC vs. LSD, U = 2.000, P = 0.024; NC vs. MM: U = 6.000, P = 0.043). Likewise, p-S6/S6 was also up-regulated in muscles from all three subgroups of IMMs (NC vs. LSD, U = 0.000, P = 0.006; NC vs. PD, U = 0.000, P = 0.006; NC vs. MM, U = 1.000, P = 0.007). Immunohistochemical study revealed that p-S6 was mainly expressed in fibers with metabolic defect. In MM muscles, most p-S6 positive fibers showed cytochrome C oxidase (COX) deficiency (U = 5.000, P = 0.001). In LSD and PD muscles, p-S6 was mainly overexpressed in fibers with intramuscular vacuoles containing lipid droplets (U = 0.000, P = 0.002) or basophilic materials (U = 0.000, P = 0.002). Conclusion: The mTOR pathway might be activated in myofibers with various metabolic defects, which might provide evidence for mTOR inhibition therapy in human IMMs.
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Item C, Schanzer A, Metz T, Greber-Platzer S, Lischka J. Demethylation of the hypoxia induction factor 1 binding site of GPX3 at excess blood ammonia in propionic acidemia. Clin Biochem 2019; 66:100-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Boufroura FZ, Le Bachelier C, Tomkiewicz-Raulet C, Schlemmer D, Benoist JF, Grondin P, Lamotte Y, Mirguet O, Mouillet-Richard S, Bastin J, Djouadi F. A new AMPK activator, GSK773, corrects fatty acid oxidation and differentiation defect in CPT2-deficient myotubes. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3417-3433. [PMID: 30007356 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2) deficiency is one of the most common inherited fatty acid oxidation (FAO) defects and represents a prototypical mitochondrial metabolic myopathy. Recent studies have suggested a pivotal role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle plasticity and mitochondrial homeostasis. Thus, we tested the potential of GSK773, a novel direct AMPK activator, to improve or correct FAO capacities in muscle cells from patients harboring various mutations. We used controls' and patients' myotubes and studied the parameters of FAO metabolism, of mitochondrial quantity and quality and of differentiation. We found that AMPK is constitutively activated in patients' myotubes, which exhibit both reduced FAO and impaired differentiation. GSK773 improves or corrects several metabolic hallmarks of CPT2 deficiency (deficient FAO flux and C16-acylcarnitine accumulation) by upregulating the expression of CPT2 protein. Beneficial effects of GSK773 are also likely due to stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and induction of mitochondrial fusion, by decreasing dynamin-related protein 1 and increasing mitofusin 2. GSK773 also induces a shift in myosin heavy chain isoforms toward the slow oxidative type and, therefore, fully corrects the differentiation process. We establish, through small interfering RNA knockdowns and pharmacological approaches, that these GSK773 effects are mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha, reactive oxygen species and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, all key players of skeletal muscle plasticity. GSK773 recapitulates several important features of skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. The results show that AMPK activation by GSK773 evokes the slow, oxidative myogenic program and triggers beneficial phenotypic adaptations in FAO-deficient myotubes. Thus, GSK773 might have therapeutic potential for correction of CPT2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima-Zohra Boufroura
- INSERM UMR-1124, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Carole Le Bachelier
- INSERM UMR-1124, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Céline Tomkiewicz-Raulet
- INSERM UMR-1124, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Dimitri Schlemmer
- Service de Biochimie-Hormonologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Benoist
- Service de Biochimie-Hormonologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Grondin
- Laboratoires Oncodesign, Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yann Lamotte
- Laboratoires Oncodesign, Centre de Recherches François Hyafil, 91140 Villebon-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- INSERM UMR-S1147 MEPPOT, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean Bastin
- INSERM UMR-1124, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Djouadi
- INSERM UMR-1124, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Djouadi F, Bastin J. Mitochondrial Genetic Disorders: Cell Signaling and Pharmacological Therapies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040289. [PMID: 30925787 PMCID: PMC6523966 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and respiratory chain (RC) defects form a large group of inherited monogenic disorders sharing many common clinical and pathophysiological features, including disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, but also, for example, oxidative stress and accumulation of noxious metabolites. Interestingly, several transcription factors or co-activators exert transcriptional control on both FAO and RC genes, and can be activated by small molecules, opening to possibly common therapeutic approaches for FAO and RC deficiencies. Here, we review recent data on the potential of various drugs or small molecules targeting pivotal metabolic regulators: peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA)) or interacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, to alleviate or to correct inborn FAO or RC deficiencies in cellular or animal models. The possible molecular mechanisms involved, in particular the contribution of mitochondrial biogenesis, are discussed. Applications of these pharmacological approaches as a function of genotype/phenotype are also addressed, which clearly orient toward personalized therapy. Finally, we propose that beyond the identification of individual candidate drugs/molecules, future pharmacological approaches should consider their combination, which could produce additive or synergistic effects that may further enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Djouadi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Jean Bastin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
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Bezafibrate In Vivo Administration Prevents 3-Methylglutaric Acid-Induced Impairment of Redox Status, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Neural Injury in Brain of Developing Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:809-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Altered Redox Homeostasis in Branched-Chain Amino Acid Disorders, Organic Acidurias, and Homocystinuria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1246069. [PMID: 29743968 PMCID: PMC5884027 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1246069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of monogenic disorders characterized by dysregulation of the metabolic networks that underlie development and homeostasis. Emerging evidence points to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as major contributors to the multiorgan alterations observed in several IEMs. The accumulation of toxic metabolites in organic acidurias, respiratory chain, and fatty acid oxidation disorders inhibits mitochondrial enzymes and processes resulting in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In other IEMs, as in homocystinuria, different sources of ROS have been proposed. In patients' samples, as well as in cellular and animal models, several studies have identified significant increases in ROS levels along with decreases in antioxidant defences, correlating with oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. Elevated ROS disturb redox-signaling pathways regulating biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, or cell death; however, there are few studies investigating these processes in IEMs. In this review, we describe the published data on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired redox signaling in branched-chain amino acid disorders, other organic acidurias, and homocystinuria, along with recent studies exploring the efficiency of antioxidants and mitochondria-targeted therapies as therapeutic compounds in these diseases.
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Grubisa I, Otasevic P, Vucinic N, Milicic B, Jozic T, Krstic S, Milasin J. Combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are strong risk factors for atherogenesis in a Serbian population. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:35-40. [PMID: 29658969 PMCID: PMC5901493 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in atherogenesis and since glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) provide protection against OS, we have tested the hypothesis that deletion polymorphisms in two GSTs (GSTM1 and GSTT1) may affect the risk of developing atherosclerosis. A total of 382 individuals (200 patients with atherosclerosis and 182 healthy controls) were included in this association study. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells or from buccal epithelial cells and genotyping was performed using multiplex-PCR or real-time PCR methods. GSTM1 null genotype was significantly more frequent in atherosclerotic patients than in controls (52.0% vs 34.1%) and individuals with the GSTM1 null genotype had an approximately 2-fold increase in atherosclerosis risk (OR: 2.1, 95%CI=1.39-3.17, P=0.0004). GSTT1 null genotype alone did not show a statistically significant effect on atherosclerosis risk modulation, but the association approached significance (OR: 1.57, 95%CI=0.94-2.64, P=0.08). The combined analysis showed that the presence of both genes had a protective effect against atherosclerosis (OR=0.55, 95%CI=0.37-0.83, P=0.005) while double null genotypes led to a robust atherosclerosis risk increase (OR: 8.14, 95%CI= 2.41-27.51, P < 0.0001). This study demonstrated that the GSTM1 null and combined GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes are susceptibility factors for development of atherosclerosis in a Serbian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Grubisa
- Department of Human Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics, Zvezdara, University Medical Center, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Otasevic
- Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Vucinic
- Department of Human Genetics and Prenatal Diagnostics, Zvezdara, University Medical Center, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Milicic
- Department of Statistics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jozic
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Krstic
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Nochi Z, Olsen RKJ, Gregersen N. Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: from gene to cell pathology and possible disease mechanisms. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:641-655. [PMID: 28516284 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD) is an inherited disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation that is characterized by the presence of increased butyrylcarnitine and ethylmalonic acid (EMA) concentrations in plasma and urine. Individuals with symptomatic SCADD may show relatively severe phenotype, while the majority of those who are diagnosed through newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry may remain asymptomatic. As such, the associated clinical symptoms are very diverse, ranging from severe metabolic or neuromuscular disabilities to asymptomatic. Molecular analysis of affected individuals has identified rare gene variants along with two common gene variants, c.511C > T and c.625G > A. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the common variants as well as the great majority of rare variants, which are missense variants, impair folding, that may lead to toxic accumulation of the encoded protein, and/or metabolites, and initiate excessive production of ROS and chronic oxidative stress. It has been suggested that this cell toxicity in combination with yet unknown factors can trigger disease development. This association and the full implications of SCADD are not commonly appreciated. Accordingly, there is a worldwide discussion of the relationship of clinical manifestation to SCADD, and whether SCAD gene variants are disease associated at all. Therefore, SCADD is not part of the newborn screening programs in most countries, and consequently many patients with SCAD gene variants do not get a diagnosis and the possibilities to be followed up during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nochi
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Katrine Jentoft Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
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Item CB, Farhadi S, Schanzer A, Greber-Platzer S. DNA methylated alleles of the phenylalanine hydroxylase promoter remodeled at elevated phenylalanine levels in newborns with hyperphenylalaninemia. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:729-732. [PMID: 28389235 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although high phenylalanine (phe) exposure has been shown to influence the DNA methylation status of leukocytes in hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA), the potential of DNA methylation changes as a biomarker of pretreatment high phe exposure in diet free newborns with HPA has not been explored. We therefore investigated the DNA methylation pattern of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene promoter at different phe levels, and the possibility of DNA methylation pattern changes being a biomarker of high phe exposure in diet free newborns with HPA. DESIGN AND METHODS With a combination of methylated PCR, high resolution melting, and sequencing, the cytosine phosphodiester bond guanine (CpG) dinucleotides in the 5' untranslated region of the PAH gene were analysed 2-15days after birth using leukocyte DNA from diet free 16 newborns with HPA and 16 healthy controls. RESULTS In 2-3days blood cards, GTGTG and GTGC/TG alleles were both detected at similar low mean phe levels in healthy controls (59.39±14.62 and 55.33±13.43μmol/L) and non-phenylketonuria (PKU) HPA (265.00 and 244.25±73.73μmol/L). In HPA with PKU, the GTGTG and GTGC/TG alleles were both detected at dissimilar elevated mean phe levels (380.80±64.62 and 589.00±191.96μmol/L). In ≥7day blood cards, GTGTG and GTGC/TG alleles were both detected at similar excess mean phe levels in HPA with PKU (2297±374.38 and 1562.66±718.23μmol/L). CONCLUSION The demethylated GTGTG and partial methylated GTGC/TG alleles are not pathogenic alleles. Our results suggest a specific remodeling of the DNA methylated alleles of the PAH promoter at elevated, but not excess phe levels in diet free newborns with PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chike Bellarmine Item
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Somayeh Farhadi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Schanzer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Greber-Platzer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
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Liang WC, Lin YF, Liu TY, Chang SC, Chen BH, Nishino I, Jong YJ. Neurite growth could be impaired by ETFDH
mutation but restored by mitochondrial cofactors. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:479-485. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chen Liang
- Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Shin-Cheng Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Bai-Hsiun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research; National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Clinical Development, Translational Medical Center; National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Department of Pediatrics; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu Taiwan
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Amaral AU, Cecatto C, da Silva JC, Wajner A, Wajner M. Mechanistic Bases of Neurotoxicity Provoked by Fatty Acids Accumulating in MCAD and LCHAD Deficiencies. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817701472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre U. Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cecatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janaína C. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Li M, Xue L, Sun H, Xu S. Myocardial Protective Effects of L-Carnitine on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Patients With Rheumatic Valvular Heart Disease Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 30:1485-1493. [PMID: 27569824 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors used L-carnitine as an ingredient in cardioplegic solution during valve replacement surgery to investigate the protective effect of L-carnitine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and its possible mechanism. DESIGN Prospective, randomized study. SETTING A tertiary-care hospital. PARTICIPANTS The study comprised 90 patients undergoing valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTIONS Patients were divided randomly into 3 groups. L-carnitine was added to the crystalloid cardioplegic solution for experimental group 1 (3 g/L) and experimental group 2 (6 g/L), whereas no L-carnitine was used in the control group. The remainder of the treatment was identical for all 3 groups. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Serum was collected from each patient 1 hour before the surgery and at 2, 6, 24, and 72 hours after unclamping the aorta, and tissue samples were obtained before cardiac arrest and after unclamping the aorta. The postoperative levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB isozyme, and lactic acid dehydrogenase and the apoptotic index were all lower in the 2 experimental groups than those in the control group. In addition, each of the aforementioned serum enzyme levels and the apoptotic index in all 3 groups significantly increased after unclamping the aorta compared with baseline levels taken before surgery. Bcl-2 expression was higher and Bax was lower in the 2 experimental groups compared with those of the control group after unclamping the aorta. However, there was no significant difference in all the postoperative indices between the 2 experimental groups. CONCLUSION L-carnitine may reduce cardiopulmonary bypass-induced myocardial apoptosis through modulating the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax, resulting in a protective effect from MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of *Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Xue
- †Department of Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- ‡Tumour Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Shaanxi, China
| | - Suochun Xu
- Department of *Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Shaanxi, China.
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Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound produced by plants under various stress conditions. Resveratrol has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties in mammalian cells and animal models, and might therefore exert pleiotropic beneficial effects in different pathophysiological states. More recently, resveratrol has also been shown to potentially target many mitochondrial metabolic pathways, including fatty acid β-oxidation or oxidative phosphorylation, leading to the up-regulation of the energy metabolism via signaling pathways involving PGC-1α, SIRT1, and/or AMP-kinase, which are not yet fully delineated. Some of resveratrol beneficial effects likely arise from its cellular effects in the skeletal muscle, which, surprisingly, has been given relatively little attention, compared to other target tissues. Here, we review the potential for resveratrol to ameliorate or correct mitochondrial metabolic deficiencies responsible for myopathies, due to inherited fatty acid β-oxidation or to respiratory chain defects, for which no treatment exists to date. We also review recent data supporting therapeutic effects of resveratrol in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, a fatal genetic disease affecting the production of muscle dystrophin, associated to a variety of mitochondrial dysfunctions, which likely contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Wang Z, Hong D, Zhang W, Li W, Shi X, Zhao D, Yang X, Lv H, Yuan Y. Severe sensory neuropathy in patients with adult-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:170-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in fatty acid oxidation disorders: insights from human and animal studies. Biosci Rep 2015; 36:e00281. [PMID: 26589966 PMCID: PMC4718505 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients affected by FAOD commonly present with hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy and encephalopathy. Human and animal evidences indicate that mitochondrial functions are disrupted by fatty acids and derivatives accumulating in these disorders, suggesting that lipotoxicity may contribute to their pathogenesis. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) plays a pivotal role in maintaining body energy homoeostasis mainly during catabolic states. Oxidation of fatty acids requires approximately 25 proteins. Inherited defects of FAO have been identified in the majority of these proteins and constitute an important group of inborn errors of metabolism. Affected patients usually present with severe hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy, whereas some patients may suffer acute and/or progressive encephalopathy whose pathogenesis is poorly known. In recent years growing evidence has emerged indicating that energy deficiency/disruption of mitochondrial homoeostasis is involved in the pathophysiology of some fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD), although the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet established. Characteristic fatty acids and carnitine derivatives are found at high concentrations in these patients and more markedly during episodes of metabolic decompensation that are associated with worsening of clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is conceivable that these compounds may be toxic. We will briefly summarize the current knowledge obtained from patients and genetic mouse models with these disorders indicating that disruption of mitochondrial energy, redox and calcium homoeostasis is involved in the pathophysiology of the tissue damage in the more common FAOD, including medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiencies. We will also provide evidence that the fatty acids and derivatives that accumulate in these diseases disrupt mitochondrial homoeostasis. The elucidation of the toxic mechanisms of these compounds may offer new perspectives for potential novel adjuvant therapeutic strategies in selected disorders of this group.
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Cecatto C, Hickmann FH, Rodrigues MDN, Amaral AU, Wajner M. Deregulation of mitochondrial functions provoked by long-chain fatty acid accumulating in long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and mitochondrial permeability transition deficiencies in rat heart--mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening as a potential contributing pathomechanism of cardiac alterations in these disorders. FEBS J 2015; 282:4714-26. [PMID: 26408230 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies are fatty acid oxidation disorders biochemically characterized by tissue accumulation of long-chain fatty acids and derivatives, including the monocarboxylic long-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids (LCHFAs) 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (3HTA) and 3-hydroxypalmitic acid (3HPA). Patients commonly present severe cardiomyopathy for which the pathogenesis is still poorly established. We investigated the effects of 3HTA and 3HPA, the major metabolites accumulating in these disorders, on important parameters of mitochondrial homeostasis in Ca(2+) -loaded heart mitochondria. 3HTA and 3HPA significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, the matrix NAD(P)H pool and Ca(2+) retention capacity, and also induced mitochondrial swelling. These fatty acids also provoked a marked decrease of ATP production reflecting severe energy dysfunction. Furthermore, 3HTA-induced mitochondrial alterations were completely prevented by the classical mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) inhibitors cyclosporin A and ADP, as well as by ruthenium red, a Ca(2+) uptake blocker, indicating that LCHFAs induced Ca(2+)-dependent mPT pore opening. Milder effects only achieved at higher doses of LCHFAs were observed in brain mitochondria, implying a higher vulnerability of heart to these fatty acids. By contrast, 3HTA and docosanoic acids did not change mitochondrial homeostasis, indicating selective effects for monocarboxylic LCHFAs. The present data indicate that the major LCHFAs accumulating in mitochondrial trifunctional protein and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies induce mPT pore opening, compromising Ca(2+) homeostasis and oxidative phosphorylation more intensely in the heart. It is proposed that these pathomechanisms may contribute at least in part to the severe cardiac alterations characteristic of patients affected by these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Cecatto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda H Hickmann
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marília D N Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre U Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Lund M, Olsen RKJ, Gregersen N. A short introduction to acyl-CoA dehydrogenases; deficiencies and novel treatment strategies. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1092869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Normoyle KP, Kim M, Farahvar A, Llano D, Jackson K, Wang H. The emerging neuroprotective role of mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 in traumatic brain injury. Transl Neurosci 2015; 6:179-186. [PMID: 28123803 PMCID: PMC4936626 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a multifaceted disease with intrinsically complex heterogeneity and remains a significant clinical challenge to manage. TBI model systems have demonstrated many mechanisms that contribute to brain parenchymal cell death, including glutamate and calcium toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are critically regulated by uncoupling proteins (UCP), which allow protons to leak back into the matrix and thus reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential by dissipating the proton motive force. This uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis is potentially critical for protection against cellular injury as a result of TBI and stroke. A greater understanding of the underlying mechanism or mechanisms by which uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) functions to maintain or optimize mitochondrial function, and the conditions which precipitate the failure of these mechanisms, would inform future research and treatment strategies. We posit that UCP2-mediated function underlies the physiological response to neuronal stress associated with traumatic and ischemic injury and that clinical development of UCP2-targeted treatment would significantly impact these patient populations. With a focus on clinical relevance in TBI, we synthesize current knowledge concerning UCP2 and its potential neuroprotective role and apply this body of knowledge to current and potential treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P Normoyle
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Child Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miri Kim
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Arash Farahvar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Llano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Neurology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA; The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Jackson
- The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Thermal Neuroscience Laboratory (TNL), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA; Thermal Neuroscience Laboratory (TNL), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Bent spine syndrome as an initial manifestation of late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: a case report and literature review. BMC Neurol 2015. [PMID: 26205240 PMCID: PMC4513616 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease of metabolic dysfunction clinically characterized by fluctuating proximal muscle weakness, excise intolerance, and dramatic riboflavin responsiveness. Dropped head syndrome can occasionally be observed in some severe patients with late-onset MADD; however, bent spine syndrome as an initial symptom had not been reported in patients with late-onset MADD. Case presentation A 46-year-old man lost the ability to hold his trunk upright, and had difficulty in raising his head, but he had no obvious symptoms of limb weakness. Meanwhile, he developed persistent numbness of limbs and lips around. Myopathological features and combined elevation of multiple acylcarnitines indicated that the axial myopathy might be caused by lipid storage myopathy. Cervical and lumbosacral MRI revealed a lot of abnormal signals diffusing along paravertebral muscles, while the abnormal signals almost disappeared after riboflavin treatment. Nerve conduction study indicated the patient suffering from predominantly sensory neuropathy and mildly motor neuropathy. Muscle pathology also demonstrated no typical neurogenic change, which was consistent with the electrophysiological findings. Causative mutations were found in the ETFDH gene. Conclusion We report the first case of late-onset MADD with sensory neuropathy initially manifesting as bent spine syndrome and dropped head syndrome.
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Boneh A. Signal transduction in inherited metabolic disorders: a model for a possible pathogenetic mechanism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:729-40. [PMID: 25735935 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction is the process by which external or internal signals exert their intracellular biological effects and by which intracellular communication is regulated. An important component of the signalling pathway is the second messenger, which is produced upon stimulation of the cell and mediates its effects downstream through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of target proteins. Intracellular accumulation or deficiency of metabolites that serve as second messengers, due to inborn errors of their metabolism, may lead to perturbation of signalling pathways and disruption of the balance between them, serving as a missing link between the genotype, biochemical phenotype and clinical phenotype. The main second messengers that are putatively associated with the pathogenesis of IEM are 'bioactive lipids' (complex lipids and long-chain fatty acids), 'calcium', 'stress' (osmotic, reactive oxygen/nitorgen species, misfolded proteins and others) and 'metabolic' (AMP/ATP ratio, leucine, glutamine). They act through protein kinase C, calcium dependent kinases (CamK) and phosphatase (CN), 'stress-mediated' kinases (MAPK) and AMP/ATP-dependent kinase (AMPK). These signalling pathways lead to cell proliferation, inflammatory response, autophagy (and mitophagy) and apoptosis, suggesting that there are only few final common pathways involved in this pathogenetic mechanism. Questions remain regarding the complexity of the effects of the accumulating metabolites on different signalling pathways, and regarding the relative role and origin of 'proxy' second messengers such as reactive oxygen species. A better understanding of the signalling pathways in IEM may enhance the development of novel therapies in situations where normalising intracellular concentrations of the second messenger is impossible or impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avihu Boneh
- Metabolic Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic, 3052, Melbourne, Australia,
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Olsen RKJ, Cornelius N, Gregersen N. Redox signalling and mitochondrial stress responses; lessons from inborn errors of metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:703-19. [PMID: 26025548 PMCID: PMC4493798 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in overall cell physiology and health by integrating cellular metabolism with cellular defense and repair mechanisms in response to physiological or environmental changes or stresses. In fact, dysregulation of mitochondrial stress responses and its consequences in the form of oxidative stress, has been linked to a wide variety of diseases including inborn errors of metabolism. In this review we will summarize how the functional state of mitochondria -- and especially the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced in connection with the respiratory chain -- regulates cellular stress responses by redox regulation of nuclear gene networks involved in repair systems to maintain cellular homeostasis and health. Based on our own and other's studies we re-introduce the ROS triangle model and discuss how inborn errors of mitochondrial metabolism, by production of pathological amounts of ROS, may cause disturbed redox signalling and induce chronic cell stress with non-resolving or compromised cell repair responses and increased susceptibility to cell stress induced cell death. We suggest that this model may have important implications for those inborn errors of metabolism, where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role, as it allows the explanation of oxidative stress, metabolic reprogramming and altered signalling growth pathways that have been reported in many of the diseases. It is our hope that the model may facilitate novel ideas and directions that can be tested experimentally and used in the design of future new approaches for pre-symptomatic diagnosis and prognosis and perhaps more effective treatments of inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke K J Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark,
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Hickmann FH, Cecatto C, Kleemann D, Monteiro WO, Castilho RF, Amaral AU, Wajner M. Uncoupling, metabolic inhibition and induction of mitochondrial permeability transition in rat liver mitochondria caused by the major long-chain hydroxyl monocarboxylic fatty acids accumulating in LCHAD deficiency. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:620-8. [PMID: 25868874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with long-chain 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency commonly present liver dysfunction whose pathogenesis is unknown. We studied the effects of long-chain 3-hydroxylated fatty acids (LCHFA) that accumulate in LCHAD deficiency on liver bioenergetics using mitochondrial preparations from young rats. We provide strong evidence that 3-hydroxytetradecanoic (3HTA) and 3-hydroxypalmitic (3HPA) acids, the monocarboxylic acids that are found at the highest tissue concentrations in this disorder, act as metabolic inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. These conclusions are based on the findings that these fatty acids decreased ADP-stimulated (state 3) and uncoupled respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential and NAD(P)H content, and, in contrast, increased resting (state 4) respiration. We also verified that 3HTA and 3HPA markedly reduced Ca2+ retention capacity and induced swelling in Ca2+-loaded mitochondria. These effects were mediated by mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induction since they were totally prevented by the classical MPT inhibitors cyclosporin A and ADP, as well as by ruthenium red, a Ca2+ uptake blocker. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the major monocarboxylic LCHFA accumulating in LCHAD deficiency disrupt energy mitochondrial homeostasis in the liver. It is proposed that this pathomechanism may explain at least in part the hepatic alterations characteristic of the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Hermes Hickmann
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cecatto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Kleemann
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wagner Oliveira Monteiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger Frigério Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Tonin AM, Amaral AU, Busanello EN, Gasparotto J, Gelain DP, Gregersen N, Wajner M. Mitochondrial bioenergetics deregulation caused by long-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids accumulating in LCHAD and MTP deficiencies in rat brain: a possible role of mPTP opening as a pathomechanism in these disorders? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1658-67. [PMID: 24946182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain 3-hydroxylated fatty acids (LCHFA) accumulate in long-chain 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiencies. Affected patients usually present severe neonatal symptoms involving cardiac and hepatic functions, although long-term neurological abnormalities are also commonly observed. Since the underlying mechanisms of brain damage are practically unknown and have not been properly investigated, we studied the effects of LCHFA on important parameters of mitochondrial homeostasis in isolated mitochondria from cerebral cortex of developing rats. 3-Hydroxytetradecanoic acid (3 HTA) reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, NAD(P)H levels, Ca(2+) retention capacity and ATP content, besides inducing swelling, cytochrome c release and H2O2 production in Ca(2+)-loaded mitochondrial preparations. We also found that cyclosporine A plus ADP, as well as ruthenium red, a Ca(2+) uptake blocker, prevented these effects, suggesting the involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and an important role for Ca(2+), respectively. 3-Hydroxydodecanoic and 3-hydroxypalmitic acids, that also accumulate in LCHAD and MTP deficiencies, similarly induced mitochondrial swelling and decreased ATP content, but to a variable degree pending on the size of their carbon chain. It is proposed that mPTP opening induced by LCHFA disrupts brain bioenergetics and may contribute at least partly to explain the neurologic dysfunction observed in patients affected by LCHAD and MTP deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise Miotti Tonin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Estela Natacha Busanello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juciano Gasparotto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Gelain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Aires V, Delmas D, Le Bachelier C, Latruffe N, Schlemmer D, Benoist JF, Djouadi F, Bastin J. Stilbenes and resveratrol metabolites improve mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects in human fibroblasts. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:79. [PMID: 24898617 PMCID: PMC4051957 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inborn enzyme defects of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) form a large group of genetic disorders associated to variable clinical presentations ranging from life-threatening pediatric manifestations up to milder late onset phenotypes, including myopathy. Very few candidate drugs have been identified in this group of disorders. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, recently shown to have beneficial metabolic properties in mice models. Our study explores its possible effects on FAO and mitochondrial energy metabolism in human cells, which are still very little documented. Methods Using cells from controls and from patients with Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase 2 (CPT2) or Very Long Chain AcylCoA Dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency we characterized the metabolic effects of RSV, RSV metabolites, and other stilbenes. We also focused on analysis of RSV uptake, and on the effects of low RSV concentrations, considering the limited bioavailability of RSV in vivo. Results Time course of RSV accumulation in fibroblasts over 48 h of treatment were consistent with the resulting stimulation or correction of FAO capacities. At 48 h, half maximal and maximal FAO stimulations were respectively achieved for 37,5 microM (EC50) and 75 microM RSV, but we found that serum content of culture medium negatively modulated RSV uptake and FAO induction. Indeed, decreasing serum from 12% to 3% led to shift EC50 from 37,5 to 13 microM, and a 2.6-3.6-fold FAO stimulation was reached with 20 microM RSV at 3% serum, that was absent at 12% serum. Two other stilbenes often found associated with RSV, i.e. cis- RSV and piceid, also triggered significant FAO up-regulation. Resveratrol glucuro- or sulfo- conjugates had modest or no effects. In contrast, dihydro-RSV, one of the most abundant circulating RSV metabolites in human significantly stimulated FAO (1.3-2.3-fold). Conclusions This study provides the first compared data on mitochondrial effects of resveratrol, its metabolites, and other natural compounds of the stilbene family in human cells. The results clearly indicate that several of these compounds can improve mitochondrial FAO capacities in human FAO-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean Bastin
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France.
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Fernández-Guerra P, Birkler RID, Merinero B, Ugarte M, Gregersen N, Rodríguez-Pombo P, Bross P, Palmfeldt J. Selected reaction monitoring as an effective method for reliable quantification of disease-associated proteins in maple syrup urine disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2014; 2:383-92. [PMID: 25333063 PMCID: PMC4190873 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry can quantitatively measure proteins by specific targeting of peptide sequences, and allows the determination of multiple proteins in one single analysis. Here, we show the feasibility of simultaneous measurements of multiple proteins in mitochondria-enriched samples from cultured fibroblasts from healthy individuals and patients with mutations in branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex. BCKDH is a mitochondrial multienzyme complex and its defective activity causes maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), a rare but severe inherited metabolic disorder. Four different genes encode the catalytic subunits of BCKDH: E1α (BCKDHA), E1β (BCKDHB), E2 (DBT), and E3 (DLD). All four proteins were successfully quantified in healthy individuals. However, the E1α and E1β proteins were not detected in patients carrying mutations in one of those genes, whereas mRNA levels were almost unaltered, indicating instability of E1α and E1β monomers. Using SRM we elucidated the protein effects of mutations generating premature termination codons or misfolded proteins. SRM is a complement to transcript level measurements and a valuable tool to shed light on molecular mechanisms and on effects of pharmacological therapies at protein level. SRM is particularly effective for inherited disorders caused by multiple proteins such as defects in multienzyme complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernández-Guerra
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune I D Birkler
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Begoña Merinero
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), IDIPAZ, Universidad Autónoma Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), IDIPAZ, Universidad Autónoma Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Pombo
- Dpto Biol. Mol., Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), IDIPAZ, Universidad Autónoma Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus, Denmark
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Edhager AV, Stenbroen V, Nielsen NS, Bross P, Olsen RKJ, Gregersen N, Palmfeldt J. Proteomic investigation of cultivated fibroblasts from patients with mitochondrial short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:360-368. [PMID: 24485985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency is a rare inherited autosomal recessive disorder with not yet well established mechanisms of disease. In the present study, the mitochondrial proteome of five symptomatic patients homozygous for missense variations in the SCAD gene ACADS was investigated in an extensive large-scale proteomic study to map protein perturbations linked to the disease. Fibroblast cultures of patient cells homozygous for either c.319C>T/p.Arg107Cys (n=2) or c.1138C>T/p.Arg380Trp (n=3) in ACADS, and healthy controls (normal human dermal fibroblasts), were studied. The mitochondrial proteome derived from these cultures was analyzed by label free proteomics using high mass accuracy nanoliquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). More than 300 mitochondrial proteins were identified and quantified. Thirteen proteins had significant alteration in protein levels in patients carrying variation c.319C>T in ACADS compared to controls and they belonged to various pathways, such as the antioxidant system and amino acid metabolism. Twenty-two proteins were found significantly altered in patients carrying variation c.1138C>T which included proteins associated with fatty acid β-oxidation, amino acid metabolism and protein quality control system. Three proteins were found significantly regulated in both patient groups: adenylate kinase 4 (AK4), nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (NME1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 4 member A1 (ALDH4A1). Proteins AK4 and NME1 deserve further investigation because of their involvement in energy reprogramming, cell survival and proliferation with relevance for SCAD deficiency and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders V Edhager
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Stenbroen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nadia Sukusu Nielsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Bross
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke K J Olsen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Gregersen
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Riboflavin-responsive multiple Acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency in 13 cases, and a literature review in mainland Chinese patients. J Hum Genet 2014; 59:256-61. [PMID: 24522293 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (MADD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid oxidation and amino-acid metabolism. Most patients with late-onset MADD are well responsive to treatment with riboflavin, which is also termed as riboflavin-responsive MADD (RR-MADD). In this study, we summarized the clinical profiles and genetic features of 13 Chinese patients with RR-MADD and reanalyzed the existing data on RR-MADD patients in Mainland China. In a cohort comprising 13 patients, all were seen to present with severe muscular symptoms occasionally accompanied with mild involvements of extramuscular organs. A total of 18 mutations (13 reported and 5 novel) of the ETFDH gene were identified in this series of patients. Exon deletion/duplication was not found in all patients. ETF:QO expression from the muscle specimens was significantly decreased in all patients. At the time of this study the total number of RR-MADD cases had reached 148 in Mainland China since 2009. The muscle symptoms in Mainland China were similar to those in other regions. However, the common extramuscular symptoms were fatty liver and recurrent vomiting in mainland Chinese patients rather than encephalopathy found in Caucasian patients. A total of 68 mutations had been identified in 148 patients with RR-MADD. The c.250G>A had a high mutation frequency in Southern China, whereas c.770A>G and c.1227A>C were more geographically widespread hot spot mutations in Mainland China.
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