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Boonyuen U, Jacob BAC, Wongwigkan J, Chamchoy K, Singha-Art N, Pengsuk N, Songdej D, Adams ER, Edwards T, Chamnanchanunt S, Amran SI, Latif NA, Louis NE, Chandran S. Genetic analysis and molecular basis of G6PD deficiency among malaria patients in Thailand: implications for safe use of 8-aminoquinolines. Malar J 2024; 23:38. [PMID: 38308253 PMCID: PMC10835850 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was hypothesized that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency confers a protective effect against malaria infection, however, safety concerns have been raised regarding haemolytic toxicity caused by radical cure with 8-aminoquinolines in G6PD-deficient individuals. Malaria elimination and control are also complicated by the high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in malaria-endemic areas. Hence, accurate identification of G6PD deficiency is required to identify those who are eligible for malaria treatment using 8-aminoquinolines. METHODS The prevalence of G6PD deficiency among 408 Thai participants diagnosed with malaria by microscopy (71), and malaria-negative controls (337), was assessed using a phenotypic test based on water-soluble tetrazolium salts. High-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis was developed from a previous study to enable the detection of 15 common missense, synonymous and intronic G6PD mutations in Asian populations. The identified mutations were subjected to biochemical and structural characterisation to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying enzyme deficiency. RESULTS Based on phenotypic testing, the prevalence of G6PD deficiency (< 30% activity) was 6.13% (25/408) and intermediate deficiency (30-70% activity) was found in 15.20% (62/408) of participants. Several G6PD genotypes with newly discovered double missense variants were identified by HRM assays, including G6PD Gaohe + Viangchan, G6PD Valladolid + Viangchan and G6PD Canton + Viangchan. A significantly high frequency of synonymous (c.1311C>T) and intronic (c.1365-13T>C and c.486-34delT) mutations was detected with intermediate to normal enzyme activity. The double missense mutations were less catalytically active than their corresponding single missense mutations, resulting in severe enzyme deficiency. While the mutations had a minor effect on binding affinity, structural instability was a key contributor to the enzyme deficiency observed in G6PD-deficient individuals. CONCLUSIONS With varying degrees of enzyme deficiency, G6PD genotyping can be used as a complement to phenotypic screening to identify those who are eligible for 8-aminoquinolines. The information gained from this study could be useful for management and treatment of malaria, as well as for the prevention of unanticipated reactions to certain medications and foods in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Beatriz Aira C Jacob
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Wongwigkan
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Chamchoy
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natsamon Singha-Art
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natnicha Pengsuk
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duantida Songdej
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Emily R Adams
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics Research, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Edwards
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics Research, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Supat Chamnanchanunt
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Syazwani Itri Amran
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Nurriza Ab Latif
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Naveen Eugene Louis
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Shamini Chandran
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Zgheib O, Chamchoy K, Nouspikel T, Blouin JL, Cimasoni L, Quteineh L, Boonyuen U. Substitution of arginine 219 by glycine compromises stability, dimerization, and catalytic activity in a G6PD mutant. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1245. [PMID: 38066190 PMCID: PMC10709299 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common enzymopathies in humans, present in approximately half a billion people worldwide. More than 230 clinically relevant G6PD mutations of different classes have been reported to date. We hereby describe a patient with chronic hemolysis who presents a substitution of arginine by glycine at position 219 in G6PD protein. The variant was never described in an original publication or characterized on a molecular level. In the present study, we provide structural and biochemical evidence for the molecular basis of its pathogenicity. When compared to the wild-type enzyme, the Arg219Gly mutation markedly reduces the catalytic activity by 50-fold while having a negligible effect on substrate binding affinity. The mutation preserves secondary protein structure, but greatly decreases stability at higher temperatures and to trypsin digestion. Size exclusion chromatography elution profiles show monomeric and dimeric forms for the mutant, but only the latter for the wild-type form, suggesting a critical role of arginine 219 in G6PD dimer formation. Our findings have implications in the development of small molecule activators, with the goal of rescuing the phenotype observed in this and possibly other related mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Zgheib
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Kamonwan Chamchoy
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thierry Nouspikel
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Louis Blouin
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Cimasoni
- Division of Pediatric Haematology, Department of Pediatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lina Quteineh
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Hernández-Ochoa B, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Martínez-Rosas V, Morales-Luna L, Rojas-Alarcón MA, Vázquez-Bautista M, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Pérez de la Cruz V, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Canseco-Ávila LM, Vidal-Limón A, Gómez-Manzo S. An Overall View of the Functional and Structural Characterization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants in the Mexican Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12691. [PMID: 37628871 PMCID: PMC10454679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, affecting an estimated 500 million people worldwide, is a genetic disorder that causes human enzymopathies. Biochemical and genetic studies have identified several variants that produce different ranges of phenotypes; thus, depending on its severity, this enzymopathy is classified from the mildest (Class IV) to the most severe (Class I). Therefore, understanding the correlation between the mutation sites of G6PD and the resulting phenotype greatly enhances the current knowledge of enzymopathies' phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity, which will assist both clinical diagnoses and personalized treatments for patients with G6PD deficiency. In this review, we analyzed and compared the structural and functional data from 21 characterized G6PD variants found in the Mexican population that we previously characterized. In order to contribute to the knowledge regarding the function and structure of the variants associated with G6PD deficiency, this review aimed to determine the molecular basis of G6PD and identify how these mutations could impact the structure, stability, and function of the enzyme and its relation with the clinical manifestations of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Miriam Abigail Rojas-Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Vázquez-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | | | - Luis Miguel Canseco-Ávila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus IV, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula City 30580, Mexico;
| | - Abraham Vidal-Limón
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91073, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (V.M.-R.); (L.M.-L.); (M.A.R.-A.); (M.V.-B.)
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Aung JM, Moon Z, VanBik D, Dinzouna-Boutamba SD, Lee S, Ring Z, Chung DI, Hong Y, Goo YK. Prevalence and molecular analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Chin State, Myanmar. PARASITES, HOSTS AND DISEASES 2023; 61:154-162. [PMID: 37258262 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is caused by X-linked recessive disorderliness. It induces severe anemia when a patient with G6PD deficiency is exposed to oxidative stress that occurs with administration of an antimalarial drug, primaquine. The distribution of G6PD deficiency remains unknown while primaquine has been used for malaria treatment in Myanmar. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of G6PD deficiency and its variants in Chin State, Myanmar. Among 322 participants, 18 (11 males and 7 females) demonstrated a G6PD deficiency. Orissa variant was dominant in the molecular analysis. This would be related to neighboring Indian and Bangladeshi population, in which Orissa variant was also reported as the main mutation type. The screening test for G6PD deficiency before primaquine treatment appears to be important in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Moon Aung
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Zin Moon
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Dorene VanBik
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | | | - Sanghyun Lee
- Division of Healthcare and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Zau Ring
- Vector Borne Diseases Control Unit, Kachin State Public Health Department, Myanmar
| | - Dong-Il Chung
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Yeonchul Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Youn-Kyoung Goo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Boonpeng K, Ketprasit N, Palasuwan A, Kulkeaw K, Palasuwan D. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is dispensable for human erythroid cell differentiation in vitro. Exp Hematol 2023; 121:18-29.e2. [PMID: 36801436 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency impairs cellular processes under oxidative stress. Individuals with severe G6PD deficiency still produce sufficient numbers of erythrocytes. Nevertheless, the G6PD independence of erythropoiesis remains questionable. This study elucidates the effects of G6PD deficiency on the generation of human erythrocytes. Peripheral blood-derived CD34-positive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) of human subjects with normal, moderate, and severe G6PD activities were cultured in two distinct phases: erythroid commitment and terminal differentiation. Regardless of G6PD deficiency, HSPCs were able to proliferate and differentiate into mature erythrocytes. There was no impairment in erythroid enucleation among the subjects with G6PD deficiency. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of effective erythropoiesis independent of G6PD deficiency. The evidence firmly indicates that the population with the G6PD variant could produce erythrocytes to an extent similar to that in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyarat Boonpeng
- Programme in Clinical Hematology Sciences, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nutpakal Ketprasit
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders Research Unit, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Attakorn Palasuwan
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders Research Unit, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Siriraj Integrative Center for Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Duangdao Palasuwan
- Oxidation in Red Cell Disorders Research Unit, Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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6
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Sudsumrit S, Chamchoy K, Songdej D, Adisakwattana P, Krudsood S, Adams ER, Imwong M, Leartsakulpanich U, Boonyuen U. Genotype-phenotype association and biochemical analyses of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants: Implications for the hemolytic risk of using 8-aminoquinolines for radical cure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1032938. [PMID: 36339627 PMCID: PMC9631214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1032938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasmodium vivax remains the malaria species posing a major threat to human health worldwide owing to its relapse mechanism. Currently, the only drugs of choice for radical cure are the 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine and tafenoquine), which are capable of killing hypnozoites and thus preventing P. vivax relapse. However, the therapeutic use of primaquine and tafenoquine is restricted because these drugs can cause hemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. This study aimed to assess and understand the hemolytic risk of using 8-aminoquinolines for radical treatment in a malaria endemic area of Thailand. Methods: The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was determined using a quantitative test in 1,125 individuals. Multiplexed high-resolution meltinging (HRM) assays were developed and applied to detect 12 G6PD mutations. Furthermore, biochemical and structural characterization of G6PD variants was carried out to understand the molecular basis of enzyme deficiency. Results: The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 6.76% (76/1,125), as assessed by a phenotypic test. Multiplexed HRM assays revealed G6PD Mahidol in 15.04% (77/512) of males and 28.38% (174/613) of females, as well as G6PD Aures in one female. G6PD activity above the 30% cut-off was detected in those carrying G6PD Mahidol, even in hemizygous male individuals. Two variants, G6PD Murcia Oristano and G6PD Songklanagarind + Viangchan, were identified for the first time in Thailand. Biochemical characterization revealed that structural instability is the primary cause of enzyme deficiency in G6PD Aures, G6PD Murcia Oristano, G6PD Songklanagarind + Viangchan, and G6PD Chinese 4 + Viangchan, with double G6PD mutations causing more severe enzyme deficiency. Conclusion: In western Thailand, up to 22% of people may be ineligible for radical cure. Routine qualitative tests may be insufficient for G6PD testing, so quantitative tests should be implemented. G6PD genotyping should also be used to confirm G6PD status, especially in female individuals suspected of having G6PD deficiency. People with double G6PD mutations are more likely to have hemolysis than are those with single G6PD mutations because the double mutations significantly reduce the catalytic activity as well as the structural stability of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirapapha Sudsumrit
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Chamchoy
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duantida Songdej
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srivicha Krudsood
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Emily R. Adams
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mallika Imwong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ubolsree Leartsakulpanich
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mungkalasut P, Kiatamornrak P, Jugnam-Ang W, Krudsood S, Cheepsunthorn P, Cheepsunthorn CL. Haematological profile of malaria patients with G6PD and PKLR variants (erythrocytic enzymopathies): a cross-sectional study in Thailand. Malar J 2022; 21:250. [PMID: 36038921 PMCID: PMC9426002 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate kinase (PKLR) deficiencies are common causes of erythrocyte haemolysis in the presence of antimalarial drugs such as primaquine and tafenoquine. The present study aimed to elucidate such an association by thoroughly investigating the haematological indices in malaria patients with G6PD and PKLRR41Q variants. Methods Blood samples from 255 malaria patients from Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia were collected to determine haematological profile, G6PD enzyme activity and G6PD deficiency variants. The multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the association between anaemia and G6PD MahidolG487A, the most common mutation in this study. Results The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 11.1% (27/244) in males and 9.1% (1/11) in female. The MAFs of the G6PD MahidolG487A and PKLRR41Q variants were 7.1% and 2.6%, respectively. Compared with patients with wildtype G6PD after controlling for haemoglobinopathies, G6PD-deficient patients with hemizygous and homozygous G6PD MahidolG487A exhibited anaemia with low levels of haemoglobin (11.16 ± 2.65 g/dl, p = 0.041). These patients also exhibited high levels of reticulocytes (3.60%). The median value of G6PD activity before treatment (Day 0) was significantly lower than that of after treatment (Day 28) (5.51 ± 2.54 U/g Hb vs. 6.68 ± 2.45 U/g Hb; p < 0.001). Reticulocyte levels on Day 28 were significantly increased compared to that of on Day 0 (2.14 ± 0.92% vs 1.57 ± 1.06%; p < 0.001). PKLRR41Q had no correlation with anaemia in malaria patients. The risk of anaemia inpatients with G6PDMahidolG487A was higher than wildtype patients (OR = 3.48, CI% 1.24–9.75, p = 0.018). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that G6PDMahidolG487A independently associated with anaemia (< 11 g/dl) after adjusted by age, gender, Plasmodium species, parasite density, PKLRR41Q, and haemoglobinopathies (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study revealed that malaria patients with G6PD MahidolG487A, but not with PKLRR41Q, had anaemia during infection. As a compensatory response to haemolytic anaemia after malaria infection, these patients generated more reticulocytes. The findings emphasize the effect of host genetic background on haemolytic anaemia and the importance of screening patients for erythrocyte enzymopathies and related mutations prior to anti-malarial therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04267-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punchalee Mungkalasut
- Interdisciplinary Programme of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharakorn Kiatamornrak
- Medical Biochemistry Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Jugnam-Ang
- Medical Biochemistry Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Srivicha Krudsood
- Department of Tropical Hygiene and Clinical Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lee HY, Ithnin A, Azma RZ, Othman A, Salvador A, Cheah FC. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: Insights on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Gene Variants in Disease Heterogeneity. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:875877. [PMID: 35685917 PMCID: PMC9170901 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.875877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a prevalent condition worldwide and is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the G6PD gene. Individuals with deficiency are more susceptible to oxidative stress which leads to the classical, acute hemolytic anemia (favism). However, G6PD deficiency in newborn infants presents with an increased risk of hyperbilirubinemia, that may rapidly escalate to result in bilirubin induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND). Often with no overt signs of hemolysis, G6PD deficiency in the neonatal period appears to be different in the pathophysiology from favism. This review discusses and compares the mechanistic pathways involved in these two clinical presentations of this enzyme disorder. In contrast to the membrane disruption of red blood cells and Heinz bodies formation in favism, G6PD deficiency causing jaundice is perhaps attributed to the disruption of oxidant-antioxidant balance, impaired recycling of peroxiredoxin 2, thus affecting bilirubin clearance. Screening for G6PD deficiency and close monitoring of affected infants are important aspects in neonatal care to prevent kernicterus, a permanent and devastating neurological damage. WHO recommends screening for G6PD activity of all infants in countries with high prevalence of this deficiency. The traditional fluorescent spot test as a screening tool, although low in cost, misses a significant proportion of cases with moderate deficiency or the partially deficient, heterozygote females. Some newer and emerging laboratory tests and diagnostic methods will be discussed while developments in genomics and proteomics contribute to increasing studies that spatially profile genetic mutations within the protein structure that could predict their functional and structural effects. In this review, several known variants of G6PD are highlighted based on the location of the mutation and amino acid replacement. These could provide insights on why some variants may cause a higher degree of phenotypic severity compared to others. Further studies are needed to elucidate the predisposition of some variants toward certain clinical manifestations, particularly neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and how some variants increase in severity when co-inherited with other blood- or bilirubin-related genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Azlin Ithnin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Raja Zahratul Azma
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Ainoon Othman
- Department of Medical Science II, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Armindo Salvador
- CNC-Centre for Neuroscience Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fook Choe Cheah
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
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9
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Combined effects of double mutations on catalytic activity and structural stability contribute to clinical manifestations of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24307. [PMID: 34934109 PMCID: PMC8692357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymopathy in humans, affecting ~ 500 million worldwide. A detailed study of the structural stability and catalytic activity of G6PD variants is required to understand how different mutations cause varying degrees of enzyme deficiency, reflecting the response of G6PD variants to oxidative stress. Furthermore, for G6PD double variants, investigating how two mutations jointly cause severe enzyme deficiency is important. Here, we characterized the functional and structural properties of nine G6PD variants: G6PD Gaohe, G6PD Mahidol, G6PD Shoklo, G6PD Canton, G6PD Kaiping, G6PD Gaohe + Kaiping, G6PD Mahidol + Canton, G6PD Mahidol + Kaiping and G6PD Canton + Kaiping. All variants were less catalytically active and structurally stable than the wild type enzyme, with G6PD double mutations having a greater impact than single mutations. G6PD Shoklo and G6PD Canton + Kaiping were the least catalytically active single and double variants, respectively. The combined effects of two mutations were observed, with the Canton mutation reducing structural stability and the Kaiping mutation increasing it in the double mutations. Severe enzyme deficiency in the double mutants was mainly determined by the trade-off between protein stability and catalytic activity. Additionally, it was demonstrated that AG1, a G6PD activator, only marginally increased G6PD enzymatic activity and stability.
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10
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Mot YY, Rajasuriar JS, Fauzi HM, Moses EJ, Yusoff NM. Genetic and Epigenetic Factors Co-influence the Severity of Phenotypic Presentations in Compound G6PD Mutations. Turk J Haematol 2021; 39:70-71. [PMID: 34886657 PMCID: PMC8886276 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2021.2021.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yee Yik Mot
- Regenerative Medicine Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang
| | | | - Hafizuddin Mohamed Fauzi
- Regenerative Medicine Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang.,Clinical Genetics Unit, Advanced Diagnostics Laboratory, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Regenerative Medicine Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang.,Clinical Genetics Unit, Advanced Diagnostics Laboratory, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Regenerative Medicine Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang.,Clinical Genetics Unit, Advanced Diagnostics Laboratory, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang
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11
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Bancone G, Chu CS. G6PD Variants and Haemolytic Sensitivity to Primaquine and Other Drugs. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638885. [PMID: 33790795 PMCID: PMC8005603 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Restrictions on the cultivation and ingestion of fava beans were first reported as early as the fifth century BC. Not until the late 19th century were clinical descriptions of fava-induced disease reported and soon after characterised as “favism” in the early 20th century. It is now well known that favism as well as drug-induced haemolysis is caused by a deficiency of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme, one of the most common enzyme deficiency in humans. Interest about the interaction between G6PD deficiency and therapeutics has increased recently because mass treatment with oxidative 8-aminoquinolines is necessary for malaria elimination. Historically, assessments of haemolytic risk have focused on the clinical outcomes (e.g., haemolysis) associated with either a simplified phenotypic G6PD characterisation (deficient or normal) or an ill-fitting classification of G6PD genetic variants. It is increasingly apparent that detailed knowledge of both aspects is required for a complete understanding of haemolytic risk. While more attention has been devoted recently to better phenotypic characterisation of G6PD activity (including the development of new point-of care tests), the classification of G6PD variants should be revised to be clinically useful in malaria eliminating countries and in populations with prevalent G6PD deficiency. The scope of this work is to summarize available literature on drug-induced haemolysis among individuals with different G6PD variants and to highlight knowledge gaps that could be filled with further clinical and laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Bancone
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cindy S Chu
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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He Y, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wang Q, Ling L, Xu Y. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the Han Chinese population: molecular characterization and genotype-phenotype association throughout an activity distribution. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17106. [PMID: 33051526 PMCID: PMC7555859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common hereditary disorder in China. The existing prevalence and molecular epidemiology of G6PD deficiency in China were geographically limited. In this study, the spectrum of G6PD gene mutations was well characterized in a large and diverse population all over the country; and the correlation of genotype and enzyme activity phenotype was explored for the first time. The results showed that the overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency in China was 2.10% at the national level. The top six common mutations were c.1388 G>A, c.1376 G>T, c.95 A>G, c.392 G>T, c.871 G>A and c.1024 C>T, accounting for more than 90% of G6PD deficient alleles. Compound mutation patterns were frequently observed in females with severe deficiency. The distribution of G6PD activities depended on the type of mutation patterns and genders. Hemizygote, homozygote, and compound heterozygote were predominantly associated with severe G6PD deficiency, whereas heterozygotes with single mutation mainly presented moderate enzyme deficiency. A significant gap between G6PD activities in hemizygous and normal males was observed, and yet, the overall distribution of that in females carrying missense mutations was a continuum from G6PD severely deficient to normal. This is the first report of discussing the association between G6PD genetic variants in the Chinese and enzyme activity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinhui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xionghao Chen
- Maternity and Children, Healthcare Hospital of Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lifen Ling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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Vengidasan L, Yunus MA, Yusoff NM, Yahaya BH, Ismail IS. Production and differential activity of recombinant human wild-type G6PD and G6PD Viangchan. ASIAN BIOMED 2020; 14:159-167. [PMID: 37551388 PMCID: PMC10373393 DOI: 10.1515/abm-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is essential to produce reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, which is required to protect cells against oxidative stress. G6PD deficiency is a genetic variation that may lead to hemolysis with potential consequences, such as kidney failure, and patients often experience low quality of life. Objectives To establish a simple, efficient, and optimized method to produce a G6PDViangchan variant and characterize the phenotypes of recombinant human wild-type G6PD and G6PDViangchan. Methods G6PD was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from a human cDNA plasmid, and the gene for G6PDViangchan was amplified by initiating a mutation at location 871 (G>A) through site-directed mutagenesis. Protein expression and western blotting were conducted after successful cloning. The enzymatic activity of both proteins was assessed spectrophotometrically after purification. Results Both amplicons were successfully cloned into a pET26b(+) expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells for overexpression as C-terminally histidine-tagged recombinant proteins. Western blotting confirmed that both proteins were successfully produced at similar levels. The enzymes were purified by immobilized metal (Co) affinity chromatography. Postpurification assay of enzyme activity revealed about 2-fold differences in the levels of specific activity between the wild-type G6PD (155.88 U/mg) and G6PDViangchan (81.85 U/mg), which is consistent with earlier reports. Analysis in silico showed that the coding change in G6PDViangchan has a substantial effect on protein folding structure. Conclusions We successfully cloned, expressed, and purified both wild-type G6PD and G6PDViangchan proteins. Such a protocol may be useful for creating a model system to study G6PD deficiency disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelamekala Vengidasan
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Bertam13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Amir Yunus
- Infectomics Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Bertam13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Bertam13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ida Shazrina Ismail
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Bertam13200, Penang, Malaysia
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Boonyuen U, Praoparotai A, Chamchoy K, Swangsri T, Warakulwit C, Suteewong T. Controlled reversible assembly of gold nanoparticles as a new colorimetric and sensitive detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1122:61-69. [PMID: 32503744 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have examined possible applications of nanoparticles for the development of electronic and optical sensors. The plasmon absorbance of gold nanoparticles has been used extensively to study biomolecular processes, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent enzymatic reactions. In this report, we describe the development of gold nanoparticles as a new colorimetric and sensitive detection method of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency by means of controlled reversible assembly of gold nanoparticles. 3-nm polyvinylpyrrolidone/N,N'-dimethylaminopyridine-stabilized gold nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized and applied for an in vitro activity assay of 11 recombinant human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants. Differences in the activity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants from different deficiency classes were readily detected using the synthesized gold nanoparticles. The developed method can be easily distinguished with color change by naked eye for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Moreover, we are the first to propose the segregation mechanism of polyvinylpyrrolidone/N,N'-dimethylaminopyridine-stabilized gold nanoparticles by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. The method enables visual detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which could be further developed for diagnostic testing of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Aun Praoparotai
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Chamchoy
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Thitiluck Swangsri
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chompunuch Warakulwit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Research Network NANOTEC-Kasetsart on NanoCatalysts and NanoMaterials for Sustainable Energy and Environment: RNN-CMSEE and Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Teeraporn Suteewong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
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15
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Praoparotai A, Junkree T, Imwong M, Boonyuen U. Functional and structural analysis of double and triple mutants reveals the contribution of protein instability to clinical manifestations of G6PD variants. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:884-893. [PMID: 32387609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common polymorphism and enzymopathy in humans, affecting approximately 400 million people worldwide. Over 200 point mutations have been identified in g6pd and the molecular mechanisms underlying the severity of G6PD variants differ. We report the detailed functional and structural characterization of 11 recombinant human G6PD variants: G6PD Asahi, G6PD A, G6PD Guadalajara, G6PD Acrokorinthos, G6PD Ananindeua, G6PD A-(202), G6PD Sierra Leone, G6PD A-(680), G6PD A-(968), G6PD Mount Sinai and G6PD No name. G6PD Guadalajara, G6PD Mount Sinai and G6PD No name are inactive variants and, correlating with the observed clinical manifestations, exhibit complete loss of enzyme activity. Protein structural instability, causing a reduction in catalytic efficiency, contributes to the clinical phenotypes of all variants. In double and triple mutants sharing the G6PD A mutation, we observed cooperative interaction between two and three mutations to cause protein dysfunction. The G6PD A (Asn126Asp) mutation exhibits no effect on protein activity and stability, indicating that the additional mutations in these G6PD variants significantly contribute to enzyme deficiency. We provide insight into the molecular basis of G6PD deficiency, which can explain the severity of clinical manifestations observed in individuals with G6PD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aun Praoparotai
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanyaphorn Junkree
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Mallika Imwong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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16
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Benítez-Rangel E, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Velasco-García R. The substrate of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa provides structural stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1868:140331. [PMID: 31760039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In general, eukaryotic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases (G6PDHs) are structurally stabilized by NADP+. Here we show by spectrofluorometric analysis, thermal and urea denaturation, and trypsin proteolysis, that a different mechanism stabilizes the enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaG6PDH) (EC 1.1.1.363). The spectrofluorometric analysis of the emission of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) indicates that this stabilization is the result of a structural change in the enzyme caused by G6P. The similarity between the Kd values determined for the PaG6PDH-G6P complex (78.0 ± 7.9 μM) and the K0.5 values determined for G6P (57.9 ± 2.5 and 104.5 ± 9.3 μM in the NADP+- and NAD+-dependent reactions, respectively) suggests that the structural changes are the result of G6P binding to the active site of PaG6PDH. Modeling of PaG6PDH indicated the residues that potentially bind the ligand. These results and a phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of forty-four G6PDHs, suggest that the stabilization observed for PaG6PDH could be a characteristic that distinguishes this and other G6PDHs that use NAD+ and NADP+ from those that use NADP+ only or preferentially, such as those found in eukaryotes. This characteristic could be related to the metabolic roles these enzymes play in the organisms to which they belong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edaena Benítez-Rangel
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico
| | - Annia Rodríguez-Hernández
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Roberto Velasco-García
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico.
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17
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Ramírez-Nava EJ, Ortega-Cuellar D, González-Valdez A, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Ponce-Soto GY, Hernández-Ochoa B, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Martínez-Rosas V, Morales-Luna L, Serrano-Posada H, Sierra-Palacios E, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Cuevas-Cruz M, Rocha-Ramírez LM, Pérez de la Cruz V, Marcial-Quino J, Gómez-Manzo S. Molecular Cloning and Exploration of the Biochemical and Functional Analysis of Recombinant Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Gluconoacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215279. [PMID: 31652968 PMCID: PMC6862599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 (GDI) is an endophytic bacterium with potential biotechnological applications in industry and agronomy. The recent description of its complete genome and its principal metabolic enzymes suggests that glucose metabolism is accomplished through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP); however, the enzymes participating in this pathway have not yet been characterized in detail. The objective of the present work was to clone, purify, and biochemically and physicochemically characterize glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) from GDI. The gene was cloned and expressed as a tagged protein in E. coli to be purified by affinity chromatography. The native state of the G6PD protein in the solution was found to be a tetramer with optimal activity at pH 8.8 and a temperature between 37 and 50 °C. The apparent Km values for G6P and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) were 63 and 7.2 μM, respectively. Finally, from the amino acid sequence a three-dimensional (3D) model was obtained, which allowed the arrangement of the amino acids involved in the catalytic activity, which are conserved (RIDHYLGKE, GxGGDLT, and EKPxG) with those of other species, to be identified. This characterization of the enzyme could help to identify new environmental conditions for the knowledge of the plant–microorganism interactions and a better use of GDI in new technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Jiovany Ramírez-Nava
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud 04530, Mexico.
| | - Abigail González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
| | - Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodríguez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Yaxal Ponce-Soto
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-2: Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico.
| | - Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Martínez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Laura Morales-Luna
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera los Limones-Loma de Juárez, Colima 28629, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Sierra-Palacios
- Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades, Plantel Casa Libertad, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico 09620, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Cuevas-Cruz
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
| | - Luz María Rocha-Ramírez
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc 06720, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S.A., Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico.
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
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Chamchoy K, Pakotiprapha D, Pumirat P, Leartsakulpanich U, Boonyuen U. Application of WST-8 based colorimetric NAD(P)H detection for quantitative dehydrogenase assays. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 20:4. [PMID: 30961528 PMCID: PMC6454709 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-019-0108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The reduction of tetrazolium salts by NAD(P)H to formazan product has been widely used to determine the metabolic activity of cells, and as an indicator of cell viability. However, the application of a WST-8 based assay for the quantitative measurement of dehydrogenase enzyme activity has not been described before. In this study, we reported the application of an assay based on the tetrazolium salt WST-8 for the quantitative measurement of dehydrogenase activity. The assay is performed in a microplate format, where a single endpoint is measured at 450 nm. Results The optimized dehydrogenase-WST-8 assay conditions, the limit of detection (LOD), accuracy, and precision for measuring NAD(P)H, were demonstrated. The sensitivity of the WST-8 assay for detecting NAD(P)H was 5-fold greater than the spectrophotometric measurement of NAD(P)H absorption at 340 nm (LOD of 0.3 nmole vs 1.7 nmole, respectively). In the dehydrogenase assay, the colorimetric WST-8 method exhibits excellent assay reproducibility with a Z’ factor of 0.9. The WST-8 assay was also used to determine dehydrogenase activity in biological samples, and for screening the substrate of uncharacterized short-chain dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase from Burkholderia pseudomallei. Conclusion The results suggest that the WST-8 assay is a sensitive and rapid method for determining NAD(P)H concentration and dehydrogenase enzyme activity, which can be further applied for the high-throughput screening of dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonwan Chamchoy
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Danaya Pakotiprapha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ubolsree Leartsakulpanich
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Cloning and biochemical characterization of three glucose‑6‑phosphate dehydrogenase mutants presents in the Mexican population. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:926-936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Kurdyukov S, Eccles CA, Desai AA, Gonzalez-Garay M, Yuan JXJ, Garcia JGN, Rafikova O, Rafikov R. New cases of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203493. [PMID: 30161219 PMCID: PMC6117081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disorder with limited treatment options and reduced life expectancy after diagnosis. Complex genetic backgrounds in PAH complicates identification of causative mutations that is essential for an understanding of the disease diagnostics and etiology especially for idiopathic PAH (iPAH). Hemolysis has been implicated as contributing to the pathobiology of PAH. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) expression and activity define erythrocyte's antioxidant capacity, and its decrease contributes to erythrocyte fragility. As G6PD deficiency was previously reported in a limited number of PAH cases, we tested whether iPAH patients exhibit underlying G6PD alterations in erythrocytes. A cohort of 22 PAH patients and 8 non-PAH patients were recruited for this study. DNA isolated from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) was used for detection of mutations in the coding region of the G6PD gene. RNA isolated from PBMC was used for determination of G6PD mRNA expression level. G6PD activity was measured in Red Blood Cell (RBC) pellets. Three patients had missense mutations in G6PD (Val291Met, Asn126Asp, Asp194Glu), however, only one mutation (Val291Met) results in a severe G6PD deficiency. A single patient with mutation (Asn126Asp) showed a 21% decrease in G6PD activity, two subjects showed G6PD deficiency without mutations, and one patient had a decreased level of G6PD mRNA and reduced enzyme levels. This study demonstrates that a moderate decrease in G6PD activity is associated with PAH. Screening for G6PD activity and mutations in the G6PD gene may provide early detection of individuals predisposed to PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Kurdyukov
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Cody A. Eccles
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ankit A. Desai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Manuel Gonzalez-Garay
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jason X.-J. Yuan
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Olga Rafikova
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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21
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Biochemical Characterization and Structural Modeling of Fused Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Phosphogluconolactonase from Giardia lamblia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092518. [PMID: 30149622 PMCID: PMC6165198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway and is highly relevant in the metabolism of Giardialamblia. Previous reports suggested that the G6PD gene is fused with the 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6PGL) gene (6pgl). Therefore, in this work, we decided to characterize the fused G6PD-6PGL protein in Giardialamblia. First, the gene of g6pd fused with the 6pgl gene (6gpd::6pgl) was isolated from trophozoites of Giardialamblia and the corresponding G6PD::6PGL protein was overexpressed and purified in Escherichia coli. Then, we characterized the native oligomeric state of the G6PD::6PGL protein in solution and we found a catalytic dimer with an optimum pH of 8.75. Furthermore, we determined the steady-state kinetic parameters for the G6PD domain and measured the thermal stability of the protein in both the presence and absence of guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) and observed that the G6PD::6PGL protein showed alterations in the stability, secondary structure, and tertiary structure in the presence of Gdn-HCl. Finally, computer modeling studies revealed unique structural and functional features, which clearly established the differences between G6PD::6PGL protein from G. lamblia and the human G6PD enzyme, proving that the model can be used for the design of new drugs with antigiardiasic activity. These results broaden the perspective for future studies of the function of the protein and its effect on the metabolism of this parasite as a potential pharmacological target.
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22
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Lee J, Kim TI, Kang JM, Jun H, Lê HG, Thái TL, Sohn WM, Myint MK, Lin K, Kim TS, Na BK. Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency among malaria patients in Upper Myanmar. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:131. [PMID: 29548282 PMCID: PMC5857094 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD; EC 1.1.1.49) deficiency is one of the most common X-linked recessive hereditary disorders in the world. Primaquine (PQ) has been used for radical cure of P. vivax to prevent relapse. Recently, it is also used to reduce P. falciparum gametocyte carriage to block transmission. However, PQ metabolites oxidize hemoglobin and generate excessive reactive oxygen species which can trigger acute hemolytic anemia in malaria patients with inherited G6PD deficiency. Methods A total of 252 blood samples collected from malaria patients in Myanmar were used in this study. G6PD variant was analysed by a multiplex allele specific PCR kit, DiaPlexC™ G6PD Genotyping Kit [Asian type]. The accuracy of the multiplex allele specific PCR was confirmed by sequencing analysis. Results Prevalence and distribution of G6PD variants in 252 malaria patients in Myanmar were analysed. Six different types of G6PD allelic variants were identified in 50 (7 females and 43 males) malaria patients. The predominant variant was Mahidol (68%, 34/50), of which 91.2% (31/34) and 8.8% (3/34) were males and females, respectively. Other G6PD variants including Kaiping (18%, 9/50), Viangchan (6%, 3/50), Mediterranean (4%, 2/50), Union (2%, 1/50) and Canton (2%, 1/50) were also observed. Conclusions Results of this study suggest that more concern for proper and safe use of PQ as a radical cure of malaria in Myanmar is needed by combining G6PD deficiency test before PQ prescription. Establishment of a follow-up system to monitor potential PQ toxicity in malaria patients who are given PQ is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Department of Tropical Medicine, and Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Im Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Planning and Management Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojong Jun
- Department of Tropical Medicine, and Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hương Giang Lê
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Thị Lam Thái
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Moe Kyaw Myint
- Department of Medical Research Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar
| | - Khin Lin
- Department of Medical Research Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, and Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea. .,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Fu C, Luo S, Li Q, Xie B, Yang Q, Geng G, Lin C, Su J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Qin Z, Luo J, Chen S, Fan X. Newborn screening of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Guangxi, China: determination of optimal cutoff value to identify heterozygous female neonates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:833. [PMID: 29339739 PMCID: PMC5770456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the disease incidence and mutation spectrum of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Guangxi, China, and to determine an optimal cutoff value to identify heterozygous female neonates. A total of 130, 635 neonates were screened from the year of 2013 to 2017. Neonates suspected for G6PD deficiency were further analyzed by quantitatively enzymatic assay and G6PD mutation analysis. The overall incidence of G6PD deficiency was 7.28%. A total of 14 G6PD mutations were identified, and different mutations lead to varying levels of G6PD enzymatic activities. The best cut-off value of G6PD activity in male subjects is 2.2 U/g Hb, same as conventional setting. In female population, however, the cut-off value is found to be 2.8 U/g Hb (sensitivity: 97.5%, specificity: 87.7%, AUC: 0.964) to best discriminate between normal and heterozygotes, and 1.6 U/g Hb (sensitivity: 82.2%, specificity: 85.9%, AUC: 0.871) between heterozygotes and deficient subjects. In conclusion, we have conducted a comprehensive newborn screening of G6PD deficiency in a large cohort of population from Guangxi, China, and first established a reliable cut-off value of G6PD activity to distinguish heterozygous females from either normal or deficient subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Fu
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Qifei Li
- Guangxi Huayin Medical Laboratory Center, Nanning, 530012, China
| | - Bobo Xie
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Guoxing Geng
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Caijuan Lin
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Jiasun Su
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China. .,Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China. .,Research Center for Guangxi Birth Defects Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530003, China.
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24
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Boonyuen U, Chamchoy K, Swangsri T, Junkree T, Day NPJ, White NJ, Imwong M. A trade off between catalytic activity and protein stability determines the clinical manifestations of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:145-156. [PMID: 28583873 PMCID: PMC5625996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common polymorphism and enzymopathy in humans, affecting approximately 400 million people worldwide. It is responsible for various clinical manifestations, including favism, hemolytic anemia, chronic non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia, spontaneous abortion, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the severity of G6PD deficiency is of great importance but that of many G6PD variants are still unknown. In this study, we report the construction, expression, purification, and biochemical characterization in terms of kinetic properties and stability of five clinical G6PD variants-G6PD Bangkok, G6PD Bangkok noi, G6PD Songklanagarind, G6PD Canton+Bangkok noi, and G6PD Union+Viangchan. G6PD Bangkok and G6PD Canton+Bangkok noi showed a complete loss of catalytic activity and moderate reduction in thermal stability when compared with the native G6PD. G6PD Bangkok noi and G6PD Union+Viangchan showed a significant reduction in catalytic efficiency, whereas G6PD Songklanagarind showed a catalytic activity comparable to the wild-type enzyme. The Union+Viangchan mutation showed a remarkable effect on the global stability of the enzyme. In addition, our results indicate that the location of mutations in G6PD variants affects their catalytic activity, stability, and structure. Hence, our results provide a molecular explanation for clinical manifestations observed in individuals with G6PD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kamonwan Chamchoy
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Thitiluck Swangsri
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Thanyaphorn Junkree
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Nicholas P J Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicholas J White
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Mallika Imwong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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25
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Biochemical Analysis of Two Single Mutants that Give Rise to a Polymorphic G6PD A-Double Mutant. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112244. [PMID: 29072585 PMCID: PMC5713214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key regulatory enzyme that plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular energy and redox balance. Mutations in the gene encoding G6PD cause the most common enzymopathy that drives hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. To gain insights into the effects of mutations in G6PD enzyme efficiency, we have investigated the biochemical, kinetic, and structural changes of three clinical G6PD variants, the single mutations G6PD A+ (Asn126AspD) and G6PD Nefza (Leu323Pro), and the double mutant G6PD A− (Asn126Asp + Leu323Pro). The mutants showed lower residual activity (≤50% of WT G6PD) and displayed important kinetic changes. Although all Class III mutants were located in different regions of the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme and were not close to the active site, these mutants had a deleterious effect over catalytic activity and structural stability. The results indicated that the G6PD Nefza mutation was mainly responsible for the functional and structural alterations observed in the double mutant G6PD A−. Moreover, our study suggests that the G6PD Nefza and G6PD A− mutations affect enzyme functions in a similar fashion to those reported for Class I mutations.
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26
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Functional and Biochemical Analysis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Variants: Elucidating the Molecular Basis of G6PD Deficiency. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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27
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Cunningham AD, Colavin A, Huang KC, Mochly-Rosen D. Coupling between Protein Stability and Catalytic Activity Determines Pathogenicity of G6PD Variants. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2592-2599. [PMID: 28297664 PMCID: PMC5396575 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G6PD deficiency, an enzymopathy affecting 7% of the world population, is caused by over 160 identified amino acid variants in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). The clinical presentation of G6PD deficiency is diverse, likely due to the broad distribution of variants across the protein and the potential for multidimensional biochemical effects. In this study, we use bioinformatic and biochemical analyses to interpret the relationship between G6PD variants and their clinical phenotype. Using structural information and statistical analyses of known G6PD variants, we predict the molecular phenotype of five uncharacterized variants from a reference population database. Through multidimensional analysis of biochemical data, we demonstrate that the clinical phenotypes of G6PD variants are largely determined by a trade-off between protein stability and catalytic activity. This work expands the current understanding of the biochemical underpinnings of G6PD variant pathogenicity and suggests a promising avenue for correcting G6PD deficiency by targeting essential structural features of G6PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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28
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Functional and Biochemical Characterization of Three Recombinant Human Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Mutants: Zacatecas, Vanua-Lava and Viangchan. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050787. [PMID: 27213370 PMCID: PMC4881603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in humans causes severe disease, varying from mostly asymptomatic individuals to patients showing neonatal jaundice, acute hemolysis episodes or chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. In order to understand the effect of the mutations in G6PD gene function and its relation with G6PD deficiency severity, we report the construction, cloning and expression as well as the detailed kinetic and stability characterization of three purified clinical variants of G6PD that present in the Mexican population: G6PD Zacatecas (Class I), Vanua-Lava (Class II) and Viangchan (Class II). For all the G6PD mutants, we obtained low purification yield and altered kinetic parameters compared with Wild Type (WT). Our results show that the mutations, regardless of the distance from the active site where they are located, affect the catalytic properties and structural parameters and that these changes could be associated with the clinical presentation of the deficiency. Specifically, the structural characterization of the G6PD Zacatecas mutant suggests that the R257L mutation have a strong effect on the global stability of G6PD favoring an unstable active site. Using computational analysis, we offer a molecular explanation of the effects of these mutations on the active site.
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