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Climate Cycles, Habitat Stability, and Lineage Diversification in an African Biodiversity Hotspot. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and Kenya, a montane archipelago of 13 uplifted fault blocks (sky islands) isolated by lowland arid savanna, are a center of exceptional biological endemism. Under the influence of humid winds from the Indian Ocean, forests and associated species may have persisted in this region since the final uplift of these blocks in the late Miocene. Today, these mountains are inhabited by a remarkable diversity of bird species. To better understand the evolutionary processes behind this diversity, we combined molecular phylogenetic studies of East African montane birds with paleoclimate modeling of its montane forests. Across its largest lowland barrier, the 125 km between the Usambara and Nguru/Nguu Mountains, 10 of the 14 bird lineages exhibited a phylogeographic break. Using Bayesian methods, we established that at least three periods of forest contraction and expansion affected the diversification of Eastern Arc birds. Habitat distribution models suggest that lower-elevation hills may have acted as stepping-stones connecting isolated highlands to allow for the dispersal of montane forest-dependent species across them. Periods of vicariance during paleoclimatic cycles extending back through the Last Glacial Maximum would have then isolated these populations within the highlands they had reached. The broad distribution of neoendemic species across the mountains of East Africa provides evidence of climate cycling as a driver of lineage diversification. The high incidence of narrow-range endemism of paleoendemic species on the Usambara, Uluguru, and Udzungwa Mountains of this region is harder to explain. Our paleoclimate models retrodicted the persistence of montane forest during climate cycles on several Eastern Arc sky islands but not on the Southern Tanzania Volcanic Highlands. Consistent with recent theoretical work, different rates of local extinction rather than increased rates of lineage diversification may explain the pattern of excessive narrow-range endemism on some sky islands over others. Thus, a regional filtering effect is generated, with paleoendemics maintaining populations through time only in areas where habitat persisted, providing a credible explanation for the dramatic variance in levels of endemism among different East African sky islands.
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Fjeldså J, Bowie RCK. Evolutionary and Ecological Explanations for the Elevational Flexibility of Several East African Bird Species Complexes. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.768062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Africa’s montane areas are broken up into several large and small units, each isolated as forest-capped “sky islands” in a “sea” of dry lowland savanna. Many elements of their biota, including montane forest birds, are shared across several disjunct mountains, yet it has been difficult to rigorously define an Afromontane forest avifauna, or determine its evolutionary relationships with the birds of the surrounding lowland forests. In order to trace the historical relationship between lowland and highland avifaunas, we review cases of species or groups of closely related species with breeding populations at different elevations, and use phylogeographic methods to explore the historical connections between such populations within the biodiversity hotspot of East Africa. The study reveals several idiosyncratic patterns, but also a prominent number of cases of gene flow between populations in southern areas, mainly around the Malawi Rift, and mountains and coastal forests to the north, close to the equator. This may reflect more continuous past distributions through northern Mozambique and coastal Tanzania, or seasonal migrations between areas with different rainfall regimes. Over time, these distributional dynamics have resulted in a higher persistence of lineages, and an accumulation of forest-dependent lineages within the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and the northern part of the coastal forest mosaic.
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Pauw A. A Bird's-Eye View of Pollination: Biotic Interactions as Drivers of Adaptation and Community Change. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nectarivorous birds and bird-pollinated plants are linked by a network of interactions. Here I ask how these interactions influence evolution and community composition. I find near complete evidence for the effect of birds on plant evolution. Experiments show the process in action—birds select among floral phenotypes in a population—and comparative studies find the resulting pattern—bird-pollinated species have long-tubed, red flowers with large nectar volumes. Speciation is accomplished in one “magical” step when adaptation for bird pollination brings about divergent morphology and reproductive isolation. In contrast, evidence that plants drive bird evolution is fragmentary. Studies of selection on population-level variation are lacking, but the resulting pattern is clear—nectarivorous birds have evolved a remarkable number of times and often have long bills and brush-tipped or tubular tongues. At the level of the ecological guild, birds select among plant species via an effect on seed set and thus determine plant community composition. Plants simultaneously influence the relative fitness of bird species and thus determine the composition of the bird guild. Interaction partners may give one guild member a constant fitness advantage, resulting in competitive exclusion and community change, or may act as limiting resources that depress the fitness of frequent species, thus stabilizing community composition and allowing the coexistence of diversity within bird and plant guilds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Pauw
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Bennett KL, Kaddumukasa M, Shija F, Djouaka R, Misinzo G, Lutwama J, Linton YM, Walton C. Comparative phylogeography of Aedes mosquitoes and the role of past climatic change for evolution within Africa. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:3019-3036. [PMID: 29531714 PMCID: PMC5838080 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of demographic processes involved in species diversification and evolution ultimately provides explanations for the complex distribution of biodiversity on earth, indicates regions important for the maintenance and generation of biodiversity, and identifies biological units important for conservation or medical consequence. African and forest biota have both received relatively little attention with regard to understanding their diversification, although one possible mechanism is that this has been driven by historical climate change. To investigate this, we implemented a standard population genetics approach along with Approximate Bayesian Computation, using sequence data from two exon-primed intron-crossing (EPIC) nuclear loci and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I, to investigate the evolutionary history of five medically important and inherently forest dependent mosquito species of the genus Aedes. By testing different demographic hypotheses, we show that Aedes bromeliae and Aedes lilii fit the same model of lineage diversification, admixture, expansion, and recent population structure previously inferred for Aedes aegypti. In addition, analyses of population structure show that Aedes africanus has undergone lineage diversification and expansion while Aedes hansfordi has been impacted by population expansion within Uganda. This congruence in evolutionary history is likely to relate to historical climate-driven habitat change within Africa during the late Pleistocene and Holocene epoch. We find differences in the population structure of mosquitoes from Tanzania and Uganda compared to Benin and Uganda which could relate to differences in the historical connectivity of forests across the continent. Our findings emphasize the importance of recent climate change in the evolution of African forest biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Louise Bennett
- Faculty of Life SciencesComputational Evolutionary Biology GroupUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Martha Kaddumukasa
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re‐emerging InfectionsUganda Virus Research InstituteEntebbeUganda
- WITS Institute for Malaria ResearchSchool of Pathology Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of WitwatersrandParktownJohannesburg
| | - Fortunate Shija
- Faculty of Life SciencesComputational Evolutionary Biology GroupUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and ParasitologySokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania
| | - Rousseau Djouaka
- Agro‐Eco‐Health Platform for West and Central AfricaInternational Institute for Tropical AgricultureCotonouRepublic of Benin
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- Agro‐Eco‐Health Platform for West and Central AfricaInternational Institute for Tropical AgricultureCotonouRepublic of Benin
| | - Julius Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re‐emerging InfectionsUganda Virus Research InstituteEntebbeUganda
| | - Yvonne Marie Linton
- Department of EntomologyNational Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDCUSA
- Walter Reed Biosystematics UnitSmithsonian Institution Museum Support CenterSuitlandMDUSA
- Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMDUSA
- Uniformed Services University of Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Catherine Walton
- Faculty of Life SciencesComputational Evolutionary Biology GroupUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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Fuchs J, De Swardt DH, Oatley G, Fjeldså J, Bowie RCK. Habitat‐driven diversification, hybridization and cryptic diversity in the Fork‐tailed Drongo (Passeriformes: Dicruridae:
Dicrurus adsimilis
). ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Fuchs
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité UMR7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | | | - Graeme Oatley
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Lab of Ornithology Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Jon Fjeldså
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Rauri C. K. Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley CA USA
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
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6
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Huntley JW, Harvey JA, Pavia M, Boano G, Voelker G. The systematics and biogeography of the Bearded Greenbuls (Aves: Criniger) reveals the impact of Plio-Pleistocene forest fragmentation on Afro-tropical avian diversity. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry W Huntley
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Johanna A Harvey
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Marco Pavia
- University of Torino, DST, via Valperga Caluso Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boano
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Cascina Vigna, Carmagnola, Italy
| | - Gary Voelker
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
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Chattopadhyay B, Garg KM, Gwee CY, Edwards SV, Rheindt FE. Gene flow during glacial habitat shifts facilitates character displacement in a Neotropical flycatcher radiation. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:210. [PMID: 28863778 PMCID: PMC5580441 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleistocene climatic fluctuations are known to be an engine of biotic diversification at higher latitudes, but their impact on highly diverse tropical areas such as the Andes remains less well-documented. Specifically, while periods of global cooling may have led to fragmentation and differentiation at colder latitudes, they may - at the same time - have led to connectivity among insular patches of montane tropical habitat with unknown consequences on diversification. In the present study we utilized ~5.5 kb of DNA sequence data from eight nuclear loci and one mitochondrial gene alongside diagnostic morphological and bioacoustic markers to test the effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on diversification in a complex of Andean tyrant-flycatchers of the genus Elaenia. RESULTS Population genetic and phylogenetic approaches coupled with coalescent simulations demonstrated disparate levels of gene flow between the taxon chilensis and two parapatric Elaenia taxa predominantly during the last glacial period but not thereafter, possibly on account of downward shifts of montane forest habitat linking the populations of adjacent ridges. Additionally, morphological and bioacoustic analyses revealed a distinct pattern of character displacement in coloration and vocal traits between the two sympatric taxa albiceps and pallatangae, which were characterized by a lack of gene flow. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that global periods of cooling are likely to have facilitated gene flow among Andean montane Elaenia flycatchers that are more isolated from one another during warm interglacial periods such as the present era. We also identify a hitherto overlooked case of plumage and vocal character displacement, underpinning the complexities of gene flow patterns caused by Pleistocene climate change across the Andes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Kritika M Garg
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chyi Yin Gwee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Scott V Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
| | - Frank E Rheindt
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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Bell RC, Parra JL, Badjedjea G, Barej MF, Blackburn DC, Burger M, Channing A, Dehling JM, Greenbaum E, Gvoždík V, Kielgast J, Kusamba C, Lötters S, McLaughlin PJ, Nagy ZT, Rödel M, Portik DM, Stuart BL, VanDerWal J, Zassi‐Boulou AG, Zamudio KR. Idiosyncratic responses to climate‐driven forest fragmentation and marine incursions in reed frogs from Central Africa and the Gulf of Guinea Islands. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5223-5244. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayna C. Bell
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, Berkeley CA USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Juan L. Parra
- Grupo de Ecología y Evolución de Vertebrados Instituto de Biología Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia
| | - Gabriel Badjedjea
- Département d'Ecologie et Biodiversité des ressources Aquatiques Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Michael F. Barej
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | - David C. Blackburn
- Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Herpetology California Academy of Sciences San Francisco CA USA
| | - Marius Burger
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
- Flora Fauna & Man, Ecological Services Ltd. Tortola British Virgin Islands
| | - Alan Channing
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
| | - Jonas Maximilian Dehling
- Abteilung Biologie Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften Universität Koblenz‐Landau Koblenz Germany
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA
| | - Václav Gvoždík
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology National Museum Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jos Kielgast
- Section of Freshwater Biology Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Chifundera Kusamba
- Laboratoire d'Herpétologie Département de Biologie Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles Lwiro Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Zoltán T. Nagy
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium
| | - Mark‐Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel M. Portik
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, Berkeley CA USA
- Department of Biology University of Texas Arlington TX USA
| | | | - Jeremy VanDerWal
- Centre for Tropical Biodiveristy & Climate Change College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
- Division of Research and Innovation eResearch Centre James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
| | | | - Kelly R. Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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Mairal M, Sanmartín I, Herrero A, Pokorny L, Vargas P, Aldasoro JJ, Alarcón M. Geographic barriers and Pleistocene climate change shaped patterns of genetic variation in the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45749. [PMID: 28397796 PMCID: PMC5387718 DOI: 10.1038/srep45749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eastern African Afromontane forest is getting increased attention in conservation studies because of its high endemicity levels and shrinking geographic distribution. Phylogeographic studies have found evidence of high levels of genetic variation structured across the Great Rift System. Here, we use the epiphytic plant species Canarina eminii to explore causal explanations for this pattern. Phylogeographic analyses were undertaken using plastid regions and AFLP fragments. Population genetic analyses, Statistical Parsimony, and Bayesian methods were used to infer genetic diversity, genealogical relationships, structure, gene flow barriers, and the spatiotemporal evolution of populations. A strong phylogeographic structure was found, with two reciprocally monophyletic lineages on each side of the Great Rift System, high genetic exclusivity, and restricted gene flow among mountain ranges. We explain this pattern by topographic and ecological changes driven by geological rifting in Eastern Africa. Subsequent genetic structure is attributed to Pleistocene climatic changes, in which sky-islands acted as long-term refuges and cradles of genetic diversity. Our study highlights the importance of climate change and geographic barriers associated with the African Rift System in shaping population genetic patterns, as well as the need to preserve the high levels of exclusive and critically endangered biodiversity harboured by current patches of the Afromontane forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mairal
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lisa Pokorny
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (RBGK), Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Aldasoro
- Instituto Botánico de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain.,Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Marisa Alarcón
- Instituto Botánico de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Huntley JW, Voelker G. A tale of the nearly tail-less: the effects of Plio-Pleistocene climate change on the diversification of the African avian genusSylvietta. ZOOL SCR 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry W. Huntley
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences; Texas A&M University; 210 Nagle Hall College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Gary Voelker
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences; Texas A&M University; 210 Nagle Hall College Station TX 77843 USA
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11
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Biogeography and diversification dynamics of the African woodpeckers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 108:88-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Huntley JW, Voelker G. Cryptic diversity in Afro-tropical lowland forests: The systematics and biogeography of the avian genus Bleda. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 99:297-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Alaei Kakhki N, Aliabadian M, Schweizer M. Out of Africa: biogeographic history of the open-habitat chats (Aves, Muscicapidae: Saxicolinae) across arid areas of the old world. ZOOL SCR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Alaei Kakhki
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mansour Aliabadian
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
- Research Department of Zoological Innovations; Institute of Applied Zoology; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Manuel Schweizer
- Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern; Bernastrasse 15 CH 3005 Bern Switzerland
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14
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Fuchs J, Bowie RC. Concordant genetic structure in two species of woodpecker distributed across the primary West African biogeographic barriers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 88:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hassanin A, Khouider S, Gembu GC, M. Goodman S, Kadjo B, Nesi N, Pourrut X, Nakouné E, Bonillo C. The comparative phylogeography of fruit bats of the tribe Scotonycterini (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) reveals cryptic species diversity related to African Pleistocene forest refugia. C R Biol 2015; 338:197-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Coevolutionary patterns and diversification of avian malaria parasites in African sunbirds (Family Nectariniidae). Parasitology 2014; 142:635-47. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014001681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe coevolutionary relationships between avian malaria parasites and their hosts influence the host specificity, geographical distribution and pathogenicity of these parasites. However, to understand fine scale coevolutionary host–parasite relationships, robust and widespread sampling from closely related hosts is needed. We thus sought to explore the coevolutionary history of avianPlasmodiumand the widespread African sunbirds, family Nectariniidae. These birds are distributed throughout Africa and occupy a variety of habitats. Considering the role that habitat plays in influencing host-specificity and the role that host-specificity plays in coevolutionary relationships, African sunbirds provide an exceptional model system to study the processes that govern the distribution and diversity of avian malaria. Here we evaluated the coevolutionary histories using a multi-gene phylogeny for Nectariniidae and avianPlasmodiumfound in Nectariniidae. We then assessed the host–parasite biogeography and the structuring of parasite assemblages. We recoveredPlasmodiumlineages concurrently in East, West, South and Island regions of Africa. However, severalPlasmodiumlineages were recovered exclusively within one respective region, despite being found in widely distributed hosts. In addition, we inferred the biogeographic history of these parasites and provide evidence supporting a model of biotic diversification in avianPlasmodiumof African sunbirds.
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Travers SL, Jackman TR, Bauer AM. A molecular phylogeny of Afromontane dwarf geckos (Lygodactylus) reveals a single radiation and increased species diversity in a South African montane center of endemism. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 80:31-42. [PMID: 25108258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Afromontane habitats throughout eastern sub-Saharan Africa support remarkable levels of microendemism. However, despite being the subject of decades of research interest, biogeographical patterns of diversification throughout this disjunct montane system still remain largely unknown. We examined the evolutionary relationships of diurnal dwarf geckos (Lygodactylus) from several Afromontane regions throughout southeastern Africa, focusing primarily on two species groups (rex and bonsi groups). Using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers, we generate a molecular phylogeny containing all members of the rex and bonsi groups, to evaluate the monophyly of these groups along with previous biogeographic hypotheses suggesting independent southward invasions into the greater Drakensberg Afromontane center of endemism in northeastern South Africa by each group. Our results provide no support for these taxonomic and biogeographic hypotheses, and instead reveal geographically circumscribed patterns of diversification. One clade is restricted to the highlands of southern Malawi and northern Mozambique and the other to the greater Drakensberg region of northeastern South Africa and Swaziland. Interestingly, L. bernardi from the Nyanga Highlands of eastern Zimbabwe is nested within the primarily savanna-dwelling capensis group. We use Bayesian species delimitation methods to evaluate species limits within the greater Drakensberg clade, which support the elevation of the subspecies of L. ocellatus and L. nigropunctatus, thus bringing the total to eight species within a relatively confined geographic area. These results further highlight the greater Drakensberg Afromontane region as both an important center of endemism, as well as a center of diversification contributing to the accumulation of southern Africa's rich species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Travers
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
| | - Todd R Jackman
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
| | - Aaron M Bauer
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
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18
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Demos TC, Kerbis Peterhans JC, Agwanda B, Hickerson MJ. Uncovering cryptic diversity and refugial persistence among small mammal lineages across the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 71:41-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Cibois A, Thibault JC, Bonillo C, Filardi CE, Watling D, Pasquet E. Phylogeny and biogeography of the fruit doves (Aves: Columbidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 70:442-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Zimkus BM, Gvoždík V. Sky Islands of the Cameroon Volcanic Line: a diversification hot spot for puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachidae:Phrynobatrachus). ZOOL SCR 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Breda M. Zimkus
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge; MA; USA
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21
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Loader SP, Ceccarelli FS, Wilkinson M, Menegon M, Mariaux J, de Sá RO, Howell KM, Gower DJ. Species boundaries and biogeography of East African torrent frogs of the genus Petropedetes (Amphibia: Anura: Petropeditidae). AFR J HERPETOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2013.781549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Loader
- a Department of Environmental Science (Biogeography) , University of Basel , Switzerland
| | - F. Sara Ceccarelli
- a Department of Environmental Science (Biogeography) , University of Basel , Switzerland
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- b Department of Zoology , The Natural History Museum , London , UK
| | - Michele Menegon
- c Tropical Biodiversity Section , Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali , Trento , Italy
| | - Jean Mariaux
- d Department of Invertebrates , Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Rafael O. de Sá
- e Department of Biology , University of Richmond , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Kim M. Howell
- f Department of Zoology and Marine Biology , University of Dar es Salaam , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania
| | - David J. Gower
- b Department of Zoology , The Natural History Museum , London , UK
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Holt BG, Lessard JP, Borregaard MK, Fritz SA, Araújo MB, Dimitrov D, Fabre PH, Graham CH, Graves GR, Jønsson KA, Nogués-Bravo D, Wang Z, Whittaker RJ, Fjeldså J, Rahbek C. An Update of Wallace’s Zoogeographic Regions of the World. Science 2012; 339:74-8. [PMID: 23258408 DOI: 10.1126/science.1228282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Modern attempts to produce biogeographic maps focus on the distribution of species, and the maps are typically drawn without phylogenetic considerations. Here, we generate a global map of zoogeographic regions by combining data on the distributions and phylogenetic relationships of 21,037 species of amphibians, birds, and mammals. We identify 20 distinct zoogeographic regions, which are grouped into 11 larger realms. We document the lack of support for several regions previously defined based on distributional data and show that spatial turnover in the phylogenetic composition of vertebrate assemblages is higher in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. We further show that the integration of phylogenetic information provides valuable insight on historical relationships among regions, permitting the identification of evolutionarily unique regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben G Holt
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Fjeldså J, Bowie RC, Rahbek C. The Role of Mountain Ranges in the Diversification of Birds. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2012. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Fjeldså
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Rauri C.K. Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology & Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Liu H, Wang W, Song G, Qu Y, Li SH, Fjeldså J, Lei F. Interpreting the process behind endemism in China by integrating the phylogeography and ecological niche models of the Stachyridopsis ruficeps. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46761. [PMID: 23056441 PMCID: PMC3462788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An area of endemism (AOE) is a complex expression of the ecological and evolutionary history of a species. Here we aim to address the principal drivers of avian diversification in shaping patterns of endemism in China by integrating genetic, ecological, and distributional data on the Red-headed Tree Babbler (Stachyridopsis ruficeps), which is distributed across the eastern Himalayas and south China. We sequenced two mtDNA markers from 182 individuals representing all three of the primary AOEs in China. Phylogenetic inferences were used to reconstruct intraspecific phylogenetic relationships. Divergence time and population demography were estimated to gain insight into the evolutionary history of the species. We used Ecological niche modeling to predict species' distributions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and in the present. Finally, we also used two quantitative tests, an identity test and background test to assess the similarity of ecological niche preferences between adjacent lineages. We found five primary reciprocally monophyletic clades, typically separated approximately 0.2-2.27 MYA, of which three were deeply isolated endemic lineages located in the three AOEs. All phylogroups were detected to have undergone population expansion during the past 0.3 MY. Niche models showed discontinuous habitats, and there were three barriers of less suitable habitat during the LGM and in modern times. Ecoclimatic niches may diverge significantly even over recent timescales, as each phylogroup had a unique distribution, and unique niche characteristics. Vicariant events associated with geographical and ecological barriers, glacial refuges and ecological differentiation may be the main drivers forming the pattern of endemism in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Hsien Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jon Fjeldså
- Center of Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Bowie RCK. The utility of contemporary and historical estimates of dispersal in determining response to habitat fragmentation in a tropical forest-dependent bird community. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1799-802. [PMID: 21634053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is often assumed that species which exhibit a greater propensity for dispersal are less susceptible to the impacts of habitat fragmentation; however, a growing body of literature suggests that such generalizations should be carefully evaluated as not all species appear to be equally sensitive to fragmentation. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Callens et al. (2011) take an innovative approach to compare contemporary estimates of dispersal from an extensive mark-recapture and patch occupancy data set with historical estimates derived from multilocus population genetic models for seven sympatric forest-dependent species in the Taita Hills, Africa. As has been observed for forest-dependent species from the Amazon, populations of sedentary species were more strongly differentiated and clustered when compared to those of more dispersive taxa. The most intriguing result recovered though, was that the five species with similar historical estimates of gene flow (dispersal) differed substantially in their contemporary dispersal rates, suggesting that for some species the propensity for dispersal has decreased over time. As a consequence, the authors suggest that post-fragmentation estimates of dispersal on their own may not be the best predictors of how habitat fragmentation could affect forest-dependent animal communities.This work significantly advances our understanding of the dynamics of habitat fragmentation and makes a strong case for the need to integrate data on historical processes with contemporary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauri C K Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Science Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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SMITH THOMASB, THOMASSEN HENRIA, FREEDMAN ADAMH, SEHGAL RAVINDERNM, BUERMANN WOLFGANG, SAATCHI SASSAN, POLLINGER JOHN, MILÁ BORJA, PIRES DEBRA, VALKIŪNAS GEDIMINAS, WAYNE ROBERTK. Patterns of divergence in the olive sunbird Cyanomitra olivacea (Aves: Nectariniidae) across the African rainforest-savanna ecotone. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Arbeláez-Cortés E, Nyári AS, Navarro-Sigüenza AG. The differential effect of lowlands on the phylogeographic pattern of a Mesoamerican montane species (Lepidocolaptes affinis, Aves: Furnariidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 57:658-68. [PMID: 20601011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Arbeláez-Cortés
- Museo de Zoología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-399, México D.F. 04510, Mexico.
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28
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Sehgal RNM, Buermann W, Harrigan RJ, Bonneaud C, Loiseau C, Chasar A, Sepil I, Valkiūnas G, Iezhova T, Saatchi S, Smith TB. Spatially explicit predictions of blood parasites in a widely distributed African rainforest bird. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 278:1025-33. [PMID: 20880888 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical to the mitigation of parasitic vector-borne diseases is the development of accurate spatial predictions that integrate environmental conditions conducive to pathogen proliferation. Species of Plasmodium and Trypanosoma readily infect humans, and are also common in birds. Here, we develop predictive spatial models for the prevalence of these blood parasites in the olive sunbird (Cyanomitra olivacea). Since this species exhibits high natural parasite prevalence and occupies diverse habitats in tropical Africa, it represents a distinctive ecological model system for studying vector-borne pathogens. We used PCR and microscopy to screen for haematozoa from 28 sites in Central and West Africa. Species distribution models were constructed to associate ground-based and remotely sensed environmental variables with parasite presence. We then used machine-learning algorithm models to identify relationships between parasite prevalence and environmental predictors. Finally, predictive maps were generated by projecting model outputs to geographically unsampled areas. Results indicate that for Plasmodium spp., the maximum temperature of the warmest month was most important in predicting prevalence. For Trypanosoma spp., seasonal canopy moisture variability was the most important predictor. The models presented here visualize gradients of disease prevalence, identify pathogen hotspots and will be instrumental in studying the effects of ecological change on these and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N M Sehgal
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.
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LAWSON LUCINDAP. The discordance of diversification: evolution in the tropical-montane frogs of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:4046-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leaché AD, Fujita MK. Bayesian species delimitation in West African forest geckos (Hemidactylus fasciatus). Proc Biol Sci 2010; 277:3071-7. [PMID: 20519219 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genealogical data are an important source of evidence for delimiting species, yet few statistical methods are available for calculating the probabilities associated with different species delimitations. Bayesian species delimitation uses reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (rjMCMC) in conjunction with a user-specified guide tree to estimate the posterior distribution for species delimitation models containing different numbers of species. We apply Bayesian species delimitation to investigate the speciation history of forest geckos (Hemidactylus fasciatus) from tropical West Africa using five nuclear loci (and mtDNA) for 51 specimens representing 10 populations. We find that species diversity in H. fasciatus is currently underestimated, and describe three new species to reflect the most conservative estimate for the number of species in this complex. We examine the impact of the guide tree, and the prior distributions on ancestral population sizes () and root age (τ(0)), on the posterior probabilities for species delimitation. Mis-specification of the guide tree or the prior distribution for can result in strong support for models containing more species. We describe a new statistic for summarizing the posterior distribution of species delimitation models, called speciation probabilities, which summarize the posterior support for each speciation event on the starting guide tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Leaché
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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31
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Are lowland rainforests really evolutionary museums? Phylogeography of the green hylia (Hylia prasina) in the Afrotropics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2010; 55:178-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Menegon M, Tolley KA, Jones T, Rovero F, Marshall AR, Tilbury CR. A new species of chameleon (Sanria: Chamaeleonidae:Kinyongia) from the Magombera forest and the Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania. AFR J HERPETOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2009.9650026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Janssens SB, Knox EB, Huysmans S, Smets EF, Merckx VSFT. Rapid radiation of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) during Pliocene and Pleistocene: result of a global climate change. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2009; 52:806-24. [PMID: 19398024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Impatiens comprises more than 1000 species and is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution, yet most of its evolutionary history is unknown. Diversification analyses, divergence time estimates and historical biogeography, illustrated that the extant species of Impatiens originated in Southwest China and started to diversify in the Early Miocene. Until the Early Pliocene, the net diversification rate within the genus was fairly slow. Since that time, however, approximately 80% of all Impatiens lineages have originated. This period of rapid diversification coincides with the global cooling of the Earth's climate and subsequent glacial oscillations. Without this accelerated diversification rate, Impatiens would only have contained 1/5th of its current number of species, thereby indicating the rapid radiation of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Janssens
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P.O. Box 2437, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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van Rensburg BJ, Levin N, Kark S. Spatial congruence between ecotones and range-restricted species: implications for conservation biogeography at the sub-continental scale. DIVERS DISTRIB 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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TAYLOR PETERJ, MAREE SARITA, VAN SANDWYK JAMES, KERBIS PETERHANS JULIANC, STANLEY WILLIAMT, VERHEYEN ERIK, KALIBA POTIPHAR, VERHEYEN WALTER, KALEME PRINCE, BENNETT NIGELC. Speciation mirrors geomorphology and palaeoclimatic history in African laminate-toothed rats (Muridae: Otomyini) of the Otomys denti and Otomys lacustris species-complexes in the ‘Montane Circle’ of East Africa. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Guillaumet A, Crochet PA, Pons JM. Climate-driven diversification in two widespread Galerida larks. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:32. [PMID: 18230151 PMCID: PMC2275783 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major impact of Plio-Pleistocene climatic oscillations on the current genetic structure of many species is widely recognised but their importance in driving speciation remains a matter of controversies. In addition, since most studies focused on Europe and North America, the influence of many other biogeographic barriers such as the Sahara remains poorly understood. In this paper, climate-driven diversification was investigated by using a comparative phylogeographic approach in combination with phenotypic data in two avian species groups distributed on both sides of the deserts belt of Africa and Asia. In particular, we tested whether: 1) vicariance diversification events are concomitant with past climatic events; and 2) current ecological factors (using climate and competition as proxies) contribute to phenotypic divergence between allopatric populations. RESULTS Mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data indicated that the crested and Thekla lark species groups diverged in the early Pliocene and that subsequent speciation events were congruent with major late Pliocene and Pleistocene climatic events. In particular, steep increase in aridity in Africa near 2.8 and 1.7 million years ago were coincident with two north-south vicariance speciation events mediated by the Sahara. Subsequent glacial cycles of the last million years seem to have shaped patterns of genetic variation within the two widespread species (G. cristata and G. theklae). The Sahara appears to have allowed dispersal from the tropical areas during climatic optima but to have isolated populations north and south of it during more arid phases. Phenotypic variation did not correlate with the history of populations, but was strongly influenced by current ecological conditions. In particular, our results suggested that (i) desert-adapted plumage evolved at least three times and (ii) variation in body size was mainly driven by interspecific competition, but the response to competition was stronger in more arid areas. CONCLUSION Climatic fluctuations of the Plio-Pleistocene strongly impacted diversification patterns in the Galerida larks. Firstly, we found that cladogenesis coincides with major climatic changes, and the Sahara appears to have played a key role in driving speciation events. Secondly, we found that morphology and plumage were strongly determined by ecological factors (interspecific competition, climate) following vicariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Guillaumet
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, C.C. 63, Université de Montpellier II, Place E. BATAILLON, 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France.
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Prager M, Johansson EA, Andersson S. A molecular phylogeny of the African widowbirds and bishops, Euplectes spp. (Aves: Passeridae: Ploceinae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 46:290-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marks BD, Weckstein JD, Moyle RG. Molecular phylogenetics of the bee-eaters (Aves: Meropidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2007; 45:23-32. [PMID: 17716922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The bee-eaters (family Meropidae) comprise a group of brightly colored, but morphologically homogeneous, birds with a wide variety of life history characteristics. A phylogeny of bee-eaters was reconstructed using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data from 23 of the 25 named bee-eater species. Analysis of the combined data set provided a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the family. Nyctiornis is the sister taxon to all other bee-eaters. Within the genus Merops, we recovered two well-supported clades that can be broadly separated into two groups along geographic and ecological lines, one clade with mostly African resident species and the other clade containing a mixture of African and Asian taxa that are mostly migratory species. The clade containing resident African species can be further split into two groups along ecological lines by habitat preference into lowland forest specialists and montane forest and forest edge species. Intraspecific sampling in several of the taxa revealed moderate to high (3.7-6.5%, ND2) levels of divergence in the resident taxa, whereas the lone migratory taxon showed negligible levels of intraspecific divergence. This robust molecular phylogeny provides the phylogenetic framework for future comparative tests of hypotheses about the evolution of plumage patterns, sociality, migration, and delayed breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben D Marks
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, 119 Foster Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Kebede M, Ehrich D, Taberlet P, Nemomissa S, Brochmann C. Phylogeography and conservation genetics of a giant lobelia (Lobelia giberroa) in Ethiopian and Tropical East African mountains. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:1233-43. [PMID: 17391409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lobelia giberroa is a giant rosette plant growing in the afro-montane belt of the afro-alpine environment, a unique and little-studied ecosystem occupying the high mountains of eastern Africa. We analysed amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) from 11 mountain systems in Ethiopia and Tropical East Africa to infer the phylogeographical history of the species. A total of 191 individuals were investigated from 25 populations. Principal coordinate analysis and population structure analyses revealed three major phylogeographical groups: the Ethiopian mountains and one group on each side of the Rift Valley in Tropical East Africa, respectively: Elgon-Cherangani and Kenya-Aberdare-Kilimanjaro-Meru. Analysis of Molecular Variance showed 55.7% variance among the three groups, suggesting an old divergence. Together with a clear geographical substructure within the main groups, this pattern indicates gradual expansion and supports the montane forest bridge hypothesis, stating that the area occupied by forest was larger and more continuous in previous interglacials and earlier in the present interglacial. Genetic diversity was lower in Ethiopia than in the other two main groups, possibly due to an ancient founder effect when Ethiopia was colonized from the south.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Kebede
- Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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43
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Carleton MD, Byrne ES. The status of Otomys orestes dollmani Heller, 1912 (Muridae: Otomyinae), a rodent described from the Mathews Range, central Kenya. P BIOL SOC WASH 2006. [DOI: 10.2988/0006-324x(2006)119[477:tsoood]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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44
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Pauls SU, Lumbsch HT, Haase P. Phylogeography of the montane caddisflyDrusus discolor: evidence for multiple refugia and periglacial survival. Mol Ecol 2006; 15:2153-69. [PMID: 16780432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.02916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the genetic population structure and phylogeography of the montane caddisfly Drusus discolor across its entire range in central and southern Europe. The species is restricted to mountain regions and exhibits an insular distribution across the major mountain ranges. Mitochondrial sequence data (COI) of 254 individuals from the entire species range is analysed to reveal population genetic structure. The data show little molecular variation within populations and regions, but distinct genetic differentiation between mountain ranges. Most populations are significantly differentiated based on F(ST) and exact tests of population differentiation and most haplotypes are unique to a single mountain range. Phylogenetic analyses reveal deep divergence between geographically isolated lineages. Combined, these results suggest that past fragmentation is the prominent process structuring the populations across Europe. We use tests of selective neutrality and mismatch distributions, to study the demographic population history of regions with haplotype overlap. The high level of genetic differentiation between mountain ranges and estimates of demographic history provide evidence for the existence of multiple glacial refugia, including several in central Europe. The study shows that these aquatic organisms reacted differently to Pleistocene cooling than many terrestrial species. They persisted in numerous refugia over multiple glacial cycles, allowing many local endemic clades to form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen U Pauls
- Senckenberg -- Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Department of Limnology and Conservation Research, Clamecystrasse 12, 63571 Gelnhausen, Germany.
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Bowie RCK, Fjeldså J, Hackett SJ, Bates JM, Crowe TM. Coalescent models reveal the relative roles of ancestral polymorphism, vicariance, and dispersal in shaping phylogeographical structure of an African montane forest robin. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 38:171-88. [PMID: 16024259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have documented the effect of glaciation on the evolutionary history of Northern Hemisphere flora and fauna, this study is the first to investigate how the indirect aridification of Africa caused by global cooling in response to glacial cycles at higher latitudes has influenced the evolutionary history of an African montane bird. Mitochondrial DNA sequences from the NADH 3 gene were collected from 283 individual Starred Robins (Pogonocichla stellata, Muscicapoidea). At least two major vicariant events, one that separated the Albertine Rift from all but the Kenyan Highlands around 1.3-1.2 Myrs BP, and another that separated the Kenyan Highlands from the northern Eastern Arc, and the northern Eastern Arc from the south-central Eastern Arc between 0.9 and 0.8 Myrs BP appear to underlie much of the observed genetic diversity and structure within Starred Robin populations. These dates of divergence suggest a lack of recurrent gene flow; although the Albertine Rift and south-central Eastern Arc share haplotypes, based on coalescent analyses this can confidently be accounted for by ancestral polymorphism as opposed to recurrent gene flow. Taken collectively, strong evidence exists for recognition of four major ancestral populations: (1) Kenyan Highlands (subspecies keniensis), (2) Albertine Rift (ruwenzori), (3) northern Eastern Arc (helleri), and (4) south-central Eastern Arc, Ufipa and the Malawi Rift (orientalis). The estimated divergence times cluster remarkably around one of the three estimated peaks of aridification in Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene centred on 1 Myrs BP. Further, time to most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) estimates (1.7-1.6 Myrs BP) of gene divergence between the Albertine Rift and the other montane highlands corresponds closely with a second estimated peak of aridification at about 1.7 Myrs BP. Collectively, these results suggest that aridification of Africa in response to glaciation at higher latitudes during the Pleistocene has had a profound influence on montane speciation in east and central Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauri C K Bowie
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Birds at the FitzPatrick Institute, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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