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Hoffman KW, Tran KT, Moore TM, Gataviņš MM, Visoki E, DiDomenico GE, Schultz LM, Almasy L, Hayes MR, Daskalakis NP, Barzilay R. Allostatic load in early adolescence: gene / environment contributions and relevance for mental health. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.27.23297674. [PMID: 37961462 PMCID: PMC10635214 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.23297674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Allostatic load is the cumulative "wear and tear" on the body due to chronic adversity. We aimed to test poly-environmental (exposomic) and polygenic contributions to allostatic load and their combined contribution to early adolescent mental health. Methods We analyzed data on N = 5,035 diverse youth (mean age 12) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD). Using dimensionality reduction method, we calculated and overall allostatic load score (AL) using body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glycemia, blood cholesterol, and salivary DHEA. Childhood exposomic risk was quantified using multi-level environmental exposures before age 11. Genetic risk was quantified using polygenic risk scores (PRS) for metabolic system susceptibility (type 2 diabetes [T2D]) and stress-related psychiatric disease (major depressive disorder [MDD]). We used linear mixed effects models to test main, additive, and interactive effects of exposomic and polygenic risk (independent variables) on AL (dependent variable). Mediation models tested the mediating role of AL on the pathway from exposomic and polygenic risk to youth mental health. Models adjusted for demographics and genetic principal components. Results We observed disparities in AL with non-Hispanic White youth having significantly lower AL compared to Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black youth. In the diverse sample, childhood exposomic burden was associated with AL in adolescence (beta=0.25, 95%CI 0.22-0.29, P<.001). In European ancestry participants (n=2,928), polygenic risk of both T2D and depression was associated with AL (T2D-PRS beta=0.11, 95%CI 0.07-0.14, P<.001; MDD-PRS beta=0.05, 95%CI 0.02-0.09, P=.003). Both polygenic scores showed significant interaction with exposomic risk such that, with greater polygenic risk, the association between exposome and AL was stronger. AL partly mediated the pathway to youth mental health from exposomic risk and from MDD-PRS, and fully mediated the pathway from T2D-PRS. Conclusions AL can be quantified in youth using anthropometric and biological measures and is mapped to exposomic and polygenic risk. Main and interactive environmental and genetic effects support a diathesis-stress model. Findings suggest that both environmental and genetic risk be considered when modeling stress-related health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, US
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, US
| | - Kate T. Tran
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, US
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, US
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, US
| | - Mārtiņš M. Gataviņš
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, US
| | - Elina Visoki
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, US
| | - Grace E. DiDomenico
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, US
| | - Laura M. Schultz
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, US
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, US
| | - Laura Almasy
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, US
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, US
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, US
| | - Matthew R. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, US
| | - Nikolaos P. Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, US
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, US
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, US
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Campbell-Sills L, Sun X, Papini S, Choi KW, He F, Kessler RC, Ursano RJ, Jain S, Stein MB. Genetic, environmental, and behavioral correlates of lifetime suicide attempt: Analysis of additive and interactive effects in two cohorts of US Army soldiers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1623-1629. [PMID: 37208502 PMCID: PMC10517006 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed measures of genetic liability to suicide attempt may convey unique information regarding an individual's risk of suicidal behavior. We calculated a polygenic risk score for suicide attempt (SA-PRS) for soldiers of European ancestry who participated in the Army STARRS New Soldier Study (NSS; n = 6573) or Pre/Post Deployment Study (PPDS; n = 4900). Multivariable logistic regression models were fit within each sample to estimate the association of SA-PRS with lifetime suicide attempt (LSA), and to examine whether SA-PRS displayed additive or interactive effects with environmental and behavioral risk/protective factors (lifetime trauma burden, childhood maltreatment, negative urgency impulsivity, social network size, perceived mattering, and dispositional optimism). Age, sex, and within-ancestry variation were included as covariates. Observed prevalence of LSA was 6.3% and 4.2% in the NSS and PPDS samples, respectively. In the NSS model, SA-PRS and environmental/behavioral factors displayed strictly additive effects on odds of LSA. Results indicated an estimated 21% increase in odds of LSA per 1 SD increase in SA-PRS [adjusted odds ratio (AOR; 95% CI) = 1.21 (1.09-1.35)]. In PPDS, the effect of SA-PRS varied by reports of optimism [AOR = 0.85 (0.74-0.98) for SA-PRS x optimism effect]. Individuals reporting low and average optimism had 37% and 16% increased odds of LSA per 1 SD increase in SA-PRS, respectively, whereas SA-PRS was not associated with LSA in those reporting high optimism. Overall, results suggested the SA-PRS had predictive value over and above several environmental and behavioral risk factors for LSA. Moreover, elevated SA-PRS may be more concerning in the presence of environmental and behavioral risk factors (e.g., high trauma burden; low optimism). Given the relatively small effect magnitudes, the cost and incremental benefits of utilizing SA-PRS for risk targeting must also be considered in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campbell-Sills
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Santiago Papini
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng He
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Jain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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3
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Campbell-Sills L, Papini S, Norman SB, Choi KW, He F, Sun X, Kessler RC, Ursano RJ, Jain S, Stein MB. Associations of polygenic risk scores with posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories following combat deployment. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-10. [PMID: 36876647 PMCID: PMC10480347 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of genetic risk factors may inform the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study evaluates the associations of polygenic risk scores (PRS) with patterns of posttraumatic stress symptoms following combat deployment. METHOD US Army soldiers of European ancestry (n = 4900) provided genomic data and ratings of posttraumatic stress symptoms before and after deployment to Afghanistan in 2012. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to model posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories among participants who provided post-deployment data (n = 4353). Multinomial logistic regression models tested independent associations between trajectory membership and PRS for PTSD, major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia, neuroticism, alcohol use disorder, and suicide attempt, controlling for age, sex, ancestry, and exposure to potentially traumatic events, and weighted to account for uncertainty in trajectory classification and missing data. RESULTS Participants were classified into low-severity (77.2%), increasing-severity (10.5%), decreasing-severity (8.0%), and high-severity (4.3%) posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories. Standardized PTSD-PRS and MDD-PRS were associated with greater odds of membership in the high-severity v. low-severity trajectory [adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, 1.23 (1.06-1.43) and 1.18 (1.02-1.37), respectively] and the increasing-severity v. low-severity trajectory [1.12 (1.01-1.25) and 1.16 (1.04-1.28), respectively]. Additionally, MDD-PRS was associated with greater odds of membership in the decreasing-severity v. low-severity trajectory [1.16 (1.03-1.31)]. No other associations were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Higher polygenic risk for PTSD or MDD is associated with more severe posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories following combat deployment. PRS may help stratify at-risk individuals, enabling more precise targeting of treatment and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santiago Papini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Sonya B. Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Executive Division, National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, VT, USA
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karmel W. Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng He
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J. Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Jain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Soliva-Estruch M, Tamashiro KL, Daskalakis NP. Genetics and epigenetics of stress: New avenues for an old concept. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 23:100525. [PMID: 36873728 PMCID: PMC9975307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Soliva-Estruch
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | - Kellie L. Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nikolaos P. Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, USA.
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Association between Asthma and Suicidality in 9-12-Year-Old Youths. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121602. [PMID: 36552062 PMCID: PMC9775696 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicidal ideation and attempts in youth are a growing health concern, and more data are needed regarding their biological underpinnings. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disorder in youth and has been associated with suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescent and adult populations, but data in younger children and early adolescents are lacking. We wished to study associations of asthma with childhood suicidality considering asthma's potential as a clinically relevant model for childhood chronic immune dysregulation. METHODS Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (n = 11,876, 47.8% female, mean age 9.9 years at baseline assessment and 12.0 years at two-year follow-up), we assessed associations between asthma and suicidal ideation and attempts through baseline to two-year follow-up. RESULTS Asthma history as defined by parent report (n = 2282, 19.2% of study population) was associated with suicide attempts (SA) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.44, p = 0.01), and this association remained significant even when controlling for demographics, socioeconomic factors, and environmental factors (OR = 1.46, p = 0.028). History of asthma attacks was associated with both suicidal ideation (SI) and SA when controlling for demographics, socioeconomic factors, and environmental factors (OR = 1.27, p = 0.042; OR = 1.83, p = 0.004, respectively). The association of asthma attack with SA remained significant when controlling for self-reported psychopathology (OR = 1.92, p = 0.004). The total number of asthma attacks was associated with both SI and SA (OR = 1.03, p = 0.043; OR = 1.06, p = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest an association between asthma and suicidality in early adolescence. Further research is needed to investigate mechanisms underlying this relationship.
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Mirza S, Docherty AR, Bakian A, Coon H, Soares JC, Walss-Bass C, Fries GR. Genetics and epigenetics of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: Systematic review of the suicide literature and methodological considerations. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2022; 189:221-246. [PMID: 35975759 PMCID: PMC9900606 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a multifaceted and poorly understood clinical outcome, and there is an urgent need to advance research on its phenomenology and etiology. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that suicidal behavior is heritable, suggesting that genetic and epigenetic information may serve as biomarkers for suicide risk. Here we systematically review the literature on genetic and epigenetic alterations observed in phenotypes across the full range of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB). We included 577 studies focused on genome-wide and epigenome-wide associations, candidate genes (SNP and methylation), noncoding RNAs, and histones. Convergence of specific genes is limited across units of analysis, although pathway-based analyses do indicate nervous system development and function and immunity/inflammation as potential underlying mechanisms of SITB. We provide suggestions for future work on the genetic and epigenetic correlates of SITB with a specific focus on measurement issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahudeen Mirza
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA,Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,Department of Psychiatry, The Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Amanda Bakian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA,Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriel R. Fries
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, USA
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Arnon S, Brunstein Klomek A, Visoki E, Moore TM, Argabright ST, DiDomenico GE, Benton TD, Barzilay R. Association of Cyberbullying Experiences and Perpetration With Suicidality in Early Adolescence. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2218746. [PMID: 35759263 PMCID: PMC9237787 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Adolescent suicidality (ie, suicidal ideation or attempts) is a major public health concern. Cyberbullying experiences and perpetration have become increasingly prevalent and are associated with mental health burden, but their roles as independent suicidality risk factors remain unclear. Data are needed to clarify their contribution to teen suicidality to inform suicide prevention efforts. OBJECTIVE To examine whether cyberbullying experiences and perpetration are distinct stressors divergent from other forms of peer aggression experiences in their association with suicidality in early adolescence. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional analysis used data collected between July 2018 and January 2021 from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a large, diverse sample of US children aged 10 to 13 years. EXPOSURES Youth reports of cyberbullying experiences or perpetration. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was youth-reported suicidality (past or present, as reported in the ABCD 2-year follow-up assessment). Covariates included demographics, established environmental risk and protective factors for youth suicidality, psychopathology, and experiences or perpetration of offline peer aggression. RESULTS A total of 10 414 ABCD participants were included in this study. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 12.0 (0.7) years and 4962 (47.6%) were female; 796 (7.6%) endorsed suicidality. A total of 930 (8.9%) reported experiencing cyberbullying and 96 (0.9%) reported perpetrating cyberbullying. Of the perpetrators, 66 (69.0%) also endorsed experiencing cyberbullying. Controlling for demographics, experiencing cyberbullying was associated with suicidality (odds ratio [OR], 4.2 [95% CI, 3.5-5.1]; P < .001), whereas perpetrating cyberbullying was not (OR, 1.3 [95% CI, 0.8-2.3]; P = .30). Experiencing cyberbullying remained associated with suicidality when accounting for negative life events, family conflict, parental monitoring, school environment, and racial and ethnic discrimination (OR, 2.5 [95% CI, 2.0-3.0]; P < .001) and when further covarying for internalizing and externalizing psychopathology (OR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.4-2.4]; P < .001). Both being a target and being a perpetrator of offline peer aggression were associated with suicidality (OR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1-2.0] for both), controlling for all covariates described earlier. Cyberbullying experiences remained associated with suicidality (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.3-2.2]; P < .001, controlling for all covariates) when included with offline peer aggression experiences and perpetration. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study, experiencing-but not perpetrating-cyberbullying was associated with suicidality in early adolescence. This association was significant over and above other suicidality risk factors, including offline peer aggression experiences or perpetration. These findings can inform adolescent suicide prevention strategies, and they suggest that clinicians and educational staff working with this population should routinely evaluate for adolescents' experience with cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Arnon
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | | | - Elina Visoki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Stirling T. Argabright
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace E. DiDomenico
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tami D. Benton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Schultz LM, Merikangas AK, Ruparel K, Jacquemont S, Glahn DC, Gur RE, Barzilay R, Almasy L. Stability of polygenic scores across discovery genome-wide association studies. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 3:100091. [PMID: 35199043 PMCID: PMC8841810 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygenic scores (PGS) are commonly evaluated in terms of their predictive accuracy at the population level by the proportion of phenotypic variance they explain. To be useful for precision medicine applications, they also need to be evaluated at the individual level when phenotypes are not necessarily already known. We investigated the stability of PGS in European American (EUR) and African American (AFR)-ancestry individuals from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study using different discovery genome-wide association study (GWAS) results for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and height. We found that pairs of EUR-ancestry GWAS for the same trait had genetic correlations >0.92. However, PGS calculated from pairs of same-ancestry and different-ancestry GWAS had correlations that ranged from <0.01 to 0.74. PGS stability was greater for height than for PTSD or T2D. A series of height GWAS in the UK Biobank suggested that correlation between PGS is strongly dependent on the extent of sample overlap between the discovery GWAS. Focusing on the upper end of the PGS distribution, different discovery GWAS do not consistently identify the same individuals in the upper quantiles, with the best case being 60% of individuals above the 80th percentile of PGS overlapping from one height GWAS to another. The degree of overlap decreases sharply as higher quantiles, less heritable traits, and different-ancestry GWAS are considered. PGS computed from different discovery GWAS have only modest correlation at the individual level, underscoring the need to proceed cautiously with integrating PGS into precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Schultz
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Alison K. Merikangas
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- UHC Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - David C. Glahn
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Child Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Daskalakis NP, Meijer OC, Ronald de Kloet E. Mineralocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoid receptor work alone and together in cell-type-specific manner: Implications for resilience prediction and targeted therapy. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 18:100455. [PMID: 35601687 PMCID: PMC9118500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
‘You can't roll the clock back and reverse the effects of experiences' Bruce McEwen used to say when explaining how allostasis labels the adaptive process. Here we will for once roll the clock back to the times that the science of the glucocorticoid hormone was honored with a Nobel prize and highlight the discovery of their receptors in the hippocampus as inroad to its current status as master regulator in control of stress coping and adaptation. Glucocorticoids operate in concert with numerous neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and other hormones with the aim to facilitate processing of information in the neurocircuitry of stress, from anticipation and perception of a novel experience to behavioral adaptation and memory storage. This action, exerted by the glucocorticoids, is guided by two complementary receptor systems, mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR), that need to be balanced for a healthy stress response pattern. Here we discuss the cellular, neuroendocrine, and behavioral studies underlying the MR:GR balance concept, highlight the relevance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) -axis patterns and note the limited understanding yet of sexual dimorphism in glucocorticoid actions. We conclude with the prospect that (i) genetically and epigenetically regulated receptor variants dictate cell-type-specific transcriptome signatures of stress-related neuropsychiatric symptoms and (ii) selective receptor modulators are becoming available for more targeted treatment. These two new developments may help to ‘restart the clock’ with the prospect to support resilience.
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Barzilay R, Visoki E, Schultz LM, Warrier V, Daskalakis NP, Almasy L. Genetic risk, parental history, and suicide attempts in a diverse sample of US adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:941772. [PMID: 36186872 PMCID: PMC9515424 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.941772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent suicide is a major health problem in the US marked by a recent increase in risk of suicidal behavior among Black/African American youth. While genetic factors partly account for familial transmission of suicidal behavior, it is not clear whether polygenic risk scores of suicide attempt can contribute to suicide risk classification. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the contribution of a polygenic risk score for suicide attempt (PRS-SA) in explaining variance in suicide attempt by early adolescence. METHODS We studied N = 5,214 non-related youth of African and European genetic ancestry from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (ages 8.9-13.8 years) who were evaluated between 2016 and 2021. Regression models tested associations between PRS-SA and parental history of suicide attempt/death with youth-reported suicide attempt. Covariates included age and sex. RESULTS Over three waves of assessments, 182 youth (3.5%) reported a past suicide attempt, with Black youth reporting significantly more suicide attempts than their White counterparts (6.1 vs. 2.8%, p < 0.001). PRS-SA was associated with suicide attempt [odds ratio (OR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.5, p = 0.001]. Parental history of suicide attempt/death was also associated with youth suicide attempt (OR = 3.1, 95% CI, 2.0-4.7, p < 0.001). PRS-SA remained significantly associated with suicide attempt even when accounting for parental history (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.1-1.5, p = 0.002). In European ancestry youth (n = 4,128), inclusion of PRS-SA in models containing parental history explained more variance in suicide attempt compared to models that included only parental history (ΔR 2 = 0.7%, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that PRS-SA may be useful for youth suicide risk classification in addition to established risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Barzilay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Lifespan Brain Institute of CHOP and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elina Visoki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Lifespan Brain Institute of CHOP and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laura M Schultz
- Lifespan Brain Institute of CHOP and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Varun Warrier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Laura Almasy
- Lifespan Brain Institute of CHOP and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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