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Rogés J, González-Casals H, Bosque-Prous M, Folch C, Colom J, Casabona J, Drou-Roget G, Teixidó-Compañó E, Fernández E, Vives-Cases C, Espelt A. Monitoring health and health behaviors among adolescents in Central Catalonia: DESKcohort protocol. GACETA SANITARIA 2023; 37:102316. [PMID: 37413897 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2023.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the prospective cohort study (the DESKcohort project) is to describe and monitor health, health behaviors, and their related factors among 12 and 19-year-old adolescents schooled at centers of Compulsory Secondary Education or post-compulsory secondary education in Central Catalonia, considering social determinants of health. The DESKcohort survey is administered biannually between the months of October and June, and the project has been running for three years. We have interviewed 7319 and 9265 adolescents in the academic years 2019/20 and 2021/22, respectively. They responded a questionnaire created by a committee of experts, that included the following variables: sociodemographic factors, physical and mental health, food, physical activity, leisure and mobility, substance use, interpersonal relationships, sexuality, screen use and digital entertainment, and gambling. The results are presented to educational centers, county councils, municipalities, and health and third sector entities to plan, implement, and evaluate prevention and health promotion actions that address the identified needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Rogés
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena González-Casals
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bosque-Prous
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Facultat de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain; Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cinta Folch
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Joan Colom
- Subdirecció General d'Addiccions, VIH, Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Hepatitis Víriques, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casabona
- Centre d'Estudis Epidemiològics sobre les Infeccions de Transmissió Sexual i Sida de Catalunya, Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Gemma Drou-Roget
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Universitat d'Alacant, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alacant), Spain
| | - Ester Teixidó-Compañó
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Programme (EPIBELL), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus of Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
| | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, Universitat d'Alacant, San Vicente del Raspeig (Alacant), Spain
| | - Albert Espelt
- Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament d'Epidemiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències Socials i de la Salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut de Manresa, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Barcelona, Spain; Research Group in Epidemiology and Public Health in the Digital Health context (epi4Health), Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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Masihay-Akbar H, Amiri P, Rezaei M, Jalali-Farahani S, Cheraghi L, Momenan AA, Azizi F. The Long-Term Effectiveness of a Multisetting Lifestyle Intervention on Tobacco-Related Habits in Adolescent Boys and Girls: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:888-897. [PMID: 35585677 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assesses the long-term effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention on cigarette, passive, and hookah smoking in adolescent boys and girls. METHODS One thousand one hundred and fifty-nine adolescent participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) (2001-2004) were followed for 12 years. Participants in the intervention area received lifestyle interventions in family, schools, and community settings, with the largest part implemented in schools. After excluding those with missing baseline parental data (n = 66), complete parental data of 1093 adolescents was used for cluster analysis. Families were classified as low- and high-risk. Two hundred and ninety-six individuals who did not complete intervention/follow-ups were excluded, GEE was performed on 797 adolescents (369 boys, 192 intervention) to assess the intervention effect on tobacco-related habits. RESULTS Adolescents' mean baseline age was 15.21 ± 1.95. Those living in high-risk families were more at risk of cigarette, passive, and hookah smoking. Intervention decreased odds of cigarette and passive smoking by 38% and 57%, respectively. Intervention did not reduce hookah smoking in adolescents. After sex-specific analysis, the intervention reduced current cigarette smoking by 40% only in boys and passive smoking in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Targeting lifestyle behaviors in school-aged adolescents and their families reduces cigarette smoking in boys and protects both sexes from secondhand smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Masihay-Akbar
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Rezaei
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Cheraghi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momenan
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Okuda K, Okada H, Tanioka T, Osaka K. Family Environment Factors to Impact on the Effect of the Smoking Prevention Educational Program for Elementary and Junior High School Students. Health (London) 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Arechavala T, Continente X, Pérez-Ríos M, Schiaffino A, Fernandez E, Cortés-Francisco N, Centrich F, Muñoz G, López MJ. Second-hand smoke exposure in homes with children: assessment of airborne nicotine in the living room and children’s bedroom. Tob Control 2017; 27:399-406. [DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe introduction of ‘smoke-free laws’ has reduced the population’s exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS), although SHS is still an issue in homes and other public places. Children are vulnerable to its health effects, and their greatest exposure occurs at home.ObjectivesTo assess airborne nicotine concentration of the living room and children’s bedroom of homes with children under 13 years of age, and to analyse factors associated with these levels.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in Barcelona in 2015–2016, selecting a convenience sample from families with at least one child under 13 years of age. The sample comprised 50 families with smokers and 50 without. We measured airborne nicotine concentrations in the living room and children’s bedroom, and, using a questionnaire administered to the parents, collected information about smoking habits at home.ResultsHomes without smokers showed nicotine concentrations below the limit of detection (<0.02 µg/m3), while those with at least one smoker showed 0.16 µg/m3 in the living room and 0.12 µg/m3 in the bedroom. When smoking was allowed inside home, these values increased to 1.04 and 0.48 µg/m3, respectively. Moreover, nicotine concentrations in both rooms were strongly correlated (r=0.89), and higher nicotine levels were associated with the number of cigarettes smoked in the living room, smoking rules, the number of smokers living at home and tobacco smell.ConclusionsHomes with smokers present SHS in the living room and in the children’s bedroom. Therefore, programmes focused on reducing children’s SHS exposure are urgently needed.
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Lidón-Moyano C, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Fu M, Ballbè M, Martín-Sánchez JC, Martínez C, Fernández E. Secondhand smoke risk perception and smoke-free rules in homes: a cross-sectional study in Barcelona (Spain). BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014207. [PMID: 28104712 PMCID: PMC5253536 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the voluntary adoption of smoke-free homes in Spain among general population and to identify variables associated with its voluntary adoption. METHODS Cross-sectional study of a representative sample (n=731) of the adult population (>26 years) of Barcelona, Spain, in 2013-2014. We defined smoking rules inside the households as complete indoor rules (when smoking was not allowed inside the house), and partial or absent indoor rules (when smoking was allowed in some designated places inside the house or when smoking was allowed everywhere) and described them according to the perceived risk of the secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. We calculated the prevalence and prevalence ratios (PR) according to sociodemographic variables. RESULTS 57.4% of households had complete indoor smoke-free rules. The prevalence of households with complete indoor rules was higher among women (PRa: 1.15; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33), married (PRa: 1.18; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38), never-smokers (PRa: 2.68; 95% CI 2.06 to 3.50) and in households where a minor lived (PRa: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.20-1.65). Believe that breathing tobacco smoke from smokers is dangerous for non-smokers (PRa: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06-2.97) is associated with the voluntary adoption of complete indoor smoke-free home. CONCLUSIONS Risk perceptions of SHS exposure were associated with the voluntary adoption of indoor smoke-free homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lidón-Moyano
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jose M Martínez-Sánchez
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcela Fu
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Ballbè
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Addictions Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Medicine and Health Sciences School, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Huong LTT, Long TK, Anh LV, Cook M, Capra M. Decreasing In-home Smoking of Adults-Results from a School-based Intervention Program in Viet Nam. AIMS Public Health 2016; 3:863-879. [PMID: 29546200 PMCID: PMC5690410 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.4.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is indicated that children are involuntarily exposed to secondhand smoke from adults, mainly at their home environment. This study aimed at describing the effectiveness of the school-based intervention to decrease the in-home smoking situation of adults so as to decrease children's exposure to secondhand smoke at home during the year 2011–2012 in a rural district in Hanoi, Viet Nam. This school-based intervention program (intervention and control group) involved 804 children aged 8 to 11 years from August 2011 to May 2012 in a rural district of Hanoi, Viet Nam. Children were taught in class about the harmful effects of secondhand smoke and about how to negotiate with fathers not to smoke in-home. Then children applied what they learnt, including staying away from secondhand smoke and persuading fathers not to smoke in-home in order to decrease children's exposure to secondhand smoke. Chi square test, t-test and multinominal logistic regression were applied in data analysis. The results showed that children's reported their father's in-home smoking decreased from 83.0% pre-intervention to 59.8% post-intervention (p < 0.001) in the intervention school while no change happened in the control school. The study found that the better changed smoking location of adult smokers as reported by children associated with the school who received intervention activities (adjusted OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.28–3.24). Poorer changed attitudes towards secondhand smoke of children associated with a lower percentage of better change in smoking location of their fathers/other adult smokers (aOR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28–0.96). Children's poorer changed knowledge towards secondhand smoke also associated with poorer changed smoking location of adult smokers (aOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.07–7.76). It is recommended by this study that similar school based intervention approaches should be applied in primary schools in Viet Nam to increase children's awareness on the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke and to help them to be able to avoid their exposure to secondhand smoke at their home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Thanh Huong
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Road, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Khanh Long
- Hanoi University of Public Health, 1A Duc Thang Road, Duc Thang Ward, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Intarut N, Chongsuvivatwong V, McNeil E. Effects of a School-based Intervention Program on Attitude and Knowledge of Household Members Towards a Smoke-free Home: a Cluster Controlled Trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:1235-42. [PMID: 27039753 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A school-based smoke free home (SFH) program is useful in empowering the mother and child to reduce secondhand smoke exposure but the effects of pretesting on knowledge and attitude has been largely ignored. We aimed to test whether such a program can be effective in Southern Thailand with an additional assessment of the net effect of the pretest. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Solomon four-group design was used. Twelve rural primary schools were assigned to one of the four conditions (each with 3 schools): intervention with and without a pretest, control with and without the same pretest. The intervention was performed in the classroom and home over a period of 1 month. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 3 months after the intervention on whether the home was smoke free and related knowledge and attitude. RESULTS The intervention could lead to a smoke-free home without statistical significance. Attitude, knowledge and self-confidence on creating a smoke-free home, and self-confidence in avoidance of secondhand smoke exposure and persuading smokers to not smoke in their home were significantly improved. No pretest effect was observed. CONCLUSIONS Gain in attitude, knowledge and self-confidence among family members from the brief school-based education should be enhanced by other measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirun Intarut
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand E-mail :
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Rosen LJ, Myers V, Winickoff JP, Kott J. Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Tobacco Smoke Pollution in Homes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:16043-59. [PMID: 26694440 PMCID: PMC4690974 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121215038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoke-free homes can help protect children from tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify effects of interventions on changes in tobacco smoke pollution in the home, as measured by air nicotine and particulate matter (PM). METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase. We included controlled trials of interventions which aimed to help parents protect children from tobacco smoke exposure. Two reviewers identified relevant studies, and three reviewers extracted data. RESULTS Seven studies were identified. Interventions improved tobacco smoke air pollution in homes as assessed by nicotine or PM. (6 studies, N = 681, p = 0.02). Analyses of air nicotine and PM separately also showed some benefit (Air nicotine: 4 studies, N = 421, p = 0.08; PM: 3 studies, N = 340, p = 0.02). Despite improvements, tobacco smoke pollution was present in homes in all studies at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Interventions designed to protect children from tobacco smoke are effective in reducing tobacco smoke pollution (as assessed by air nicotine or PM) in homes, but contamination remains. The persistence of significant pollution levels in homes after individual level intervention may signal the need for other population and regulatory measures to help reduce and eliminate childhood tobacco smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Rosen
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Vicki Myers
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Jonathan P Winickoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02451-1137, USA.
| | - Jeff Kott
- Sackler School of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B 39040, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Tanihara S, Momose Y. Reasons for smoking cessation attempts among Japanese male smokers vary by nicotine dependence level: a cross-sectional study after the 2010 tobacco tax increase. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006658. [PMID: 25795690 PMCID: PMC4368926 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between smoking cessation attempts during the previous 12 months, motivators to quit smoking and nicotine dependence levels among current male smokers after Japan's massive 2010 tobacco tax increase. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A self-reported questionnaire about smoking habits, nicotine dependence levels and factors identified as motivators to quit smoking was administered to 9378 employees working at a company located in Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan (as of 1 October 2011). PARTICIPANTS A total of 2251 male current smokers 20-69 years old. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Nicotine dependence level assessed by Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD), smoking cessation attempts during the previous 12 months and motivators for smoking cessation. RESULTS The proportion of current smokers who had attempted to quit smoking within the previous 12 months was 40.6%. Nicotine dependence level of current smokers was negatively associated with cessation attempts during the previous 12 months. Motivators for smoking cessation differed by nicotine dependence levels. 'The rise in cigarette prices since October 2010' as a smoking cessation motivator increased significantly at the medium nicotine dependence level (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.90); however, this association was not statistically significant for individuals with high nicotine dependence (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.92). 'Feeling unhealthy' was significantly negatively associated for medium (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.65) and high (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.71) nicotine dependence levels. Trend associations assessed by assigning ordinal numbers to total FTCD score for those two motivators were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of smoking cessation strategies can be improved by considering the target group's nicotine dependence level. For smokers with medium and high nicotine dependence levels, more effective strategies aimed at encouraging smoking cessation, such as policy interventions including increasing tobacco taxes, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Tanihara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Momose
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Martínez-Sánchez JM, Sureda X, Fu M, Pérez-Ortuño R, Ballbè M, López MJ, Saltó E, Pascual JA, Fernández E. Secondhand smoke exposure at home: assessment by biomarkers and airborne markers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:111-6. [PMID: 24912142 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed and characterized the relationship among biomarkers of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in non-smokers according to their exposure at home as measured by airborne markers. METHODS We conducted an observational study on exposure to SHS at home using airborne markers (nicotine and benzene) and biomarkers from the non-smokers living in these homes. We selected 49 non-smoking volunteers from different homes: 25 non-smokers living with at least one smoker and 24 non-smokers living in smoke-free homes. We installed two passive devices to measure nicotine and benzene concentrations in the main room of the house (i.e., the living room). One week later, the researcher returned to the volunteer's home to collect the two devices, obtain saliva and urine samples, and administer a SHS questionnaire. RESULTS Salivary and urinary cotinine concentrations highly correlated with air nicotine concentrations measured at the volunteers'homes (rsp=0.738 and rsp=0.679, respectively). The concentrations of airborne markers of SHS and biomarkers in non-smokers increased with increasing self-reported intensity and duration of SHS exposure at home during the previous week (p<0.05). The multivariable regression model showed a significant association with nicotine in air at home (β=0.126, p=0.002 for saliva and β=0.115, p=0.010 for urine). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that, even in countries with comprehensive smoke-free legislation, exposure to SHS at home continues to be the main source of exposure for non-smokers who live in non-smoke-free homes. Therefore, public health policies should promote smoke-free homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Martínez-Sánchez
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Av. Granvia de l'Hospitalet, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 199-203 Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Biostatistics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Av. Granvia de l'Hospitalet, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 199-203 Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcela Fu
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Av. Granvia de l'Hospitalet, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 199-203 Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Ortuño
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Ballbè
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Av. Granvia de l'Hospitalet, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 199-203 Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Addictions Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-IBB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Saltó
- Health Plan Directorate, Ministry of Health, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; Department of Public Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Pascual
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Av. Granvia de l'Hospitalet, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 199-203 Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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