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Lorenzo E, Szeszulski J, Shin CN, Todd M, Lee RE. Relationship between walking for active transportation and cardiometabolic health among adults: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2020; 19:100927. [PMID: 34676154 PMCID: PMC8525782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lorenzo
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3 St., Phoenix, Arizona, 85004, United States
| | - Jacob Szeszulski
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, Michael Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at 7000 Fannin St. #2528 Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Cha-Nam Shin
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3 St., Phoenix, Arizona, 85004, United States
| | - Michael Todd
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3 St., Phoenix, Arizona, 85004, United States
| | - Rebecca E. Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3 St., Phoenix, Arizona, 85004, United States
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Associations of Physical Activity Policies With Sports Participation in EU Countries: Higher Overall Levels, Smaller Social Inequalities, and More Positive Trends Since 2009. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:464-470. [PMID: 32106077 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND European Union member countries agreed on 23 health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) policy measures in 2013; however, the implementation of these measures varies considerably between countries. Hitherto, no evaluations have yet addressed the efficacy of these policies. METHODS Using a quantitative cross-country comparative approach and based on aggregate Eurobarometer data, this paper presents country-level associations between HEPA measures and the level of sports participation, the gender and educational inequalities of sports participation, and the change in sports participation from 2009 to 2017. FINDINGS The number of implemented HEPA policy measures is associated with higher levels and smaller social inequalities of sports participation in European Union countries. Moreover, HEPA measures correlate with more positive time trends in sports participation from 2009 to 2017. CONCLUSION In addition to the many influencing factors at the individual and social levels, these findings lend support to the notion that sports participation can also be promoted at the national level by implementing specific HEPA policies.
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Camiletti-Moirón D, Timperio A, Veitch J, Fernández-Santos JDR, Abbott G, Delgado-Alfonso Á, Cabanas-Sanchez V, Veiga OL, Salmon J, Castro-Piñero J. Changes in and the mediating role of physical activity in relation to active school transport, fitness and adiposity among Spanish youth: the UP&DOWN longitudinal study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:37. [PMID: 32156288 PMCID: PMC7063792 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinal changes in child and adolescent active school transport (AST), and the mediating role of different intensities of daily physical activity (PA) levels in relation to AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators is unclear. This study aimed to: 1) describe longitudinal changes in AST, light PA (LPA), moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points; and 2) investigate the mediating role of LPA and MVPA levels on associations between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points among children and adolescents. Methods This longitudinal study comprised 1646 Spanish children and adolescents (48.8% girls, mean age 12.5 years ±2.5) at baseline, recruited from schools in Cádiz and Madrid. Mode of commuting to school was self-reported at baseline (T0, 2011–12), 1-year (T1) and 2-year follow-up (T2). PA was assessed using accelerometers. Handgrip strength, standing long jump and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessed physical fitness. Height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were measured. Multilevel linear regression analyses assessed changes in AST, PA levels, physical fitness and adiposity indicators over three time-points (T0-T1-T2). Additionally, longitudinal path analysis (n = 453; mean age [years] 12.6 ± 2.4) was used to test the mediating effects of LPA and MVPA levels on the association between AST and physical fitness and adiposity indicators. Results Multilevel analyses observed decreases in LPA between T0-T1 (β = − 11.27; p < 0.001) and T0-T2 (β = − 16.27; p < 0.001) and decreases in MVPA between T0-T2 (β = − 4.51; p = 0.011). Moreover, changes over time showed increases in handgrip between T0-T1 (β = 0.78; p = 0.028) and T0-T2 (β = 0.81; p = 0.046). Path analyses showed that AST was directly positively associated with MVPA at T1 (all, β ≈ 0.33; p < 0.001). MVPA at T1 mediated associations between AST and CRF at T2 (β = 0.20; p = 0.040), but not the other outcomes. LPA did not mediate any associations. Conclusions Results from longitudinal path analysis suggest that participation in more AST may help attenuate declines in MVPA that typically occur with age and improve CRF. Therefore, we encourage health authorities to promote AST, as a way to increase MVPA levels and CRF among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Camiletti-Moirón
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. .,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jenny Veitch
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jorge Del Rosario Fernández-Santos
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gavin Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Álvaro Delgado-Alfonso
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, GALENO Research Group, School of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Assemi B, Zahnow R, Zapata-Diomedi B, Hickman M, Corcoran J. Transport-related walking among young adults: when and why? BMC Public Health 2020; 20:244. [PMID: 32070313 PMCID: PMC7029445 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existing smartphones' technology allows for the objective measurement of a person's movements at a fine-grained level of geographic and temporal detail, and in doing so, it mitigates the issues associated with self-report biases and lack of spatial details. This study proposes and evaluates the advantages of using a smartphone app for collecting accurate, fine-grained, and objective data on people's transport-related walking. METHODS A sample of 142 participants (mostly young adults) was recruited in a large Australian university, for whom the app recorded all their travel activities over two weekdays during August-September 2014. We identified eight main activity nodes which operate as transport-related walking generators. We explored the participants' transport-related walking patterns around and between these activity nodes through the use of di-graphs to better understand patterns of incidental physical activity and opportunities for intervention to increase incidental walking. RESULTS We found that the educational node - in other samples may be represented by the workplace - is as important as the residential node for generating walking trips. We also found that the likelihood of transport-related walking trips is larger during the daytime, whereas at night time walking trips tend to be longer. We also showed that patterns of transport-related walking relate to the presence of 'chaining' trips in the afternoon period. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study show how the proposed data collection and analytic approach can inform urban design to enhance walkability at locations that are likely to generate walking trips. This study's insights can help to shape public education and awareness campaigns that aim to encourage walking trips throughout the day by suggesting locations and times of the day when engaging in these forms of exercise is easiest and least intrusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrang Assemi
- School of Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Gardens Point, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Renee Zahnow
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Belen Zapata-Diomedi
- School of Global, Urban & Social Studies, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Mark Hickman
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan Corcoran
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Physical Activity and Commuting to School in Spanish Nine-Year-Old Children: Differences by Gender and by Geographical Environment. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11247104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Children’s health status is related to their physical activity levels. Active commuting is associated with higher physical activity and reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence, and diabetes. The objective of this research was to study the levels of physical activity and the commuting to school (active vs. passive) in Spanish nine-year-old children, analyzing the differences by gender and by the geographical environment where they live (rural or urban environment). Accelerometry was used for the measurement of physical activity: Sedentary time (min/day), vigorous physical activity (min/day), moderate to vigorous physical activity (min/day), intensity (counts/min), steps (number). The questionnaire of the European Youth Heart Study (EYHS) was used to determine the geographical environment (city/urban, residential area/outside city, rural/village) and the modes of transport (active: Walking and bicycle, passive: Car, motorcycle, public transport). A total of 455 Spanish nine-year-old children (247 girls and 208 boys) belonging to the EYHS participated in this study. The results showed that boys were significantly more physically active than girls (p ≤ 0.001). Results also showed that active commuting to school was positively correlated with the levels of physical activity (r = 0.324, p ≤ 0.001). The geographical environment influenced the way in which children went to school, being active commuting to school significantly (p ≤ 0.001) less frequent in those children who lived in a rural environment (22.4%) than in those who lived in the city (57.1%) or in a residential area (62.7%). As active commuting to school means increasing levels of physical activity in both sexes, strategies should be implemented in order to encourage active commuting to schools, contributing at the same time to better health and sustainability of future generations.
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Zaragoza J, Corral A, Estrada S, Abós Á, Aibar A. Active or Passive Commuter? Discrepancies in Cut-off Criteria among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203796. [PMID: 31600979 PMCID: PMC6843653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Active commuting to school has health implications for young people. Previous research has shown the need to consistently define the concept of “active commuter”, given that assessment as well as comparison between studies may be hindered by current discrepancies in frequency criteria. Using a sample of 158 Spanish students (12th–13th grade, 60.8% girls), the current study aimed to compare several cut-off criteria to rigorously identify the frequency of weekly active trips to school in order to categorize adolescents as active or passive commuters, and to analyze whether the threshold living distance to school is associated with the different trip cut-off criteria. Percentages of active commuters ranged from 75% to 88.6%, varying significantly depending on the cut-off criteria (5–10 active trips/week) used. The results also support the need to be stricter in the selection of a cut-off criterion when the distance to the school becomes shorter. Our findings highlight the importance of following a standard criterion to classify individuals as active or passive commuters, considering the characteristics of the context in which each study is conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Zaragoza
- CAPAS-City (Centre for the Promotion of PA and Health), University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain.
- Faculty of Human Sciences and Education, University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Ana Corral
- Faculty of Human Sciences and Education, University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Sergio Estrada
- CAPAS-City (Centre for the Promotion of PA and Health), University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain.
| | - Ángel Abós
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, 22001 Spain.
| | - Alberto Aibar
- CAPAS-City (Centre for the Promotion of PA and Health), University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain.
- Faculty of Human Sciences and Education, University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain.
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Puig-Ribera A, Señé-Mir AM, Taylor-Covill GAH, De Lara N, Carroll D, Daley A, Holder R, Thomas E, Milà R, Eves FF. Signage Interventions for Stair Climbing at Work: More than 700,000 Reasons for Caution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193782. [PMID: 31597383 PMCID: PMC6801962 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Increased stair climbing reduces cardiovascular disease risk. While signage interventions for workplace stair climbing offer a low-cost tool to improve population health, inconsistent effects of intervention occur. Pedestrian movement within the built environment has major effects on stair use, independent of any health initiative. This paper used pooled data from UK and Spanish workplaces to test the effects of signage interventions when pedestrian movement was controlled for in analyses. Automated counters measured stair and elevator usage at the ground floor throughout the working day. Signage interventions employed previously successful campaigns. In the UK, minute-by-minute stair/elevator choices measured effects of momentary pedestrian traffic at the choice-point (n = 426,605). In Spain, aggregated pedestrian traffic every 30 min measured effects for ‘busyness’ of the building (n = 293,300). Intervention effects on stair descent (3 of 4 analyses) were more frequent than effects on stair climbing, the behavior with proven health benefits (1 of 4 analyses). Any intervention effects were of small magnitude relative to the influence of pedestrian movement. Failure to control for pedestrian movement compromises any estimate for signage effectiveness. These pooled data provide limited evidence that signage interventions for stair climbing at work will enhance population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puig-Ribera
- Departament de Ciències de l´Activitat Física, Centre d´Estudis Sanitaris i Socials, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Anna M Señé-Mir
- Departament de Ciències de l´Activitat Física, Centre d´Estudis Sanitaris i Socials, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Guy A H Taylor-Covill
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Núria De Lara
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Douglas Carroll
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Amanda Daley
- Department of General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roger Holder
- Department of General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Erica Thomas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Raimon Milà
- Departament de Salut i Acció Social, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Frank F Eves
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Learnt effects of environmental cues on transport-related walking; disrupting habits with health promotion? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220308. [PMID: 31369609 PMCID: PMC6675111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Ecological models, physical environments can be important determinants of transport-related walking. With repeated exposure to the same environment, learning of a linkage between the cues in the environment and walking should occur. Subsequent encounters with the cues can prompt the behaviour relatively automatically. No studies have experimentally tested the potential learning of this linkage between cues and behaviour. Choices between stairs and escalators in public access settings were employed to test this premise for transport-related walking. Methods Three studies investigated the effects of visual cues on stair/escalator choices (combined n = 115,062). In quasi-experimental, interrupted time-series designs, observers audited choices in public access settings. Design alone phases with art or coloured backgrounds were compared with design plus message phases in which verbal health promotion messages were superimposed on the visual cues. Analyses used bootstrapped logistic regression. Results In initial studies, the design alone phases had no effect whereas subsequent design plus message phases reduced escalator choice. In two further studies, a 5–6 week design plus message phase that reduced escalator choice preceded a design alone phase. The visual background behind the successful health promotion message was reintroduced four weeks after the intervention was removed. The visual cue of design alone reduced escalator choice after it had been paired with the verbal health promotion message. There were no differences between art and coloured backgrounds. Conclusion These studies demonstrate for the first time a learnt linkage between transport-related walking and environmental cues. Discussion focuses on the mechanisms that may underlie this learning and cues in the environment that are relevant to transport-related walking.
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Ly H, Irwin JD. Designing effective point-of-choice prompts to promote active transportation and staircase use at a Canadian University. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:215-223. [PMID: 29952735 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1469503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the most suitable health messages and designs to create point-of-choice prompts for promoting active transportation and staircase use that would appeal to undergraduate students. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate students (N = 21; 71% women) were recruited during Fall (2016) and Winter (2017) semesters. METHODS Focus groups (50-80 minutes each) were organized to obtain students' feedback on the kind of messages and poster designs they found motivational. Inductive content analysis was performed on verbatim transcripts. Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize demographic characteristics of participants. RESULTS The major themes revealed that participants: preferred simple designs with tailored messages; had diverse lifestyle-based values associated with physical activity; and participation in activities were affected by uncontrollable factors (eg, time, built environment, and weather). CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights for designing suitable point-of-choice prompts that are tailored for university students in terms of future interventions that aim to improve their activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Ly
- a Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Promotion Research Laboratory , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
- b School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jennifer D Irwin
- a Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Promotion Research Laboratory , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
- b School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences , Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
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Alzahrani H, Mackey M, Stamatakis E, Pinheiro MB, Wicks M, Shirley D. The effectiveness of incidental physical activity interventions compared to other interventions in the management of people with low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 36:34-42. [PMID: 30620922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effectiveness of incidental (non-structured) physical activity interventions for the management of people with low back pain (LBP). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. SETTING Eligible published trials from the earliest date available to November 2017. PARTICIPANTS People with non-specific LBP aged 18 years or over. OUTCOME MEASURES Pain, disability and physical activity-related outcomes. RESULTS Three trials were included (including a total of 422 participants). The quality of trials, assessed by PEDro scale, was high (7 out of 10). For pain, the pooled results did not show any significant effects between the incidental physical activity intervention and other interventions at any time point. For disability, incidental physical activity was not statistically more effective than other interventions at short-term; however, the pooled results favoured incidental physical activity at intermediate-term (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -6.05, 95%CI: -10.39 to -1.71) and long-term (WMD = -6.40 95%CI: -11.68 to -1.12) follow-ups among participants with chronic LBP. The overall quality of evidence was rated "moderate-quality" based on the GRADE system. CONCLUSIONS The incidental physical activity intervention provided improvement in disability in intermediate- and long-term for people with chronic LBP, although this improvement was small and may not be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Alzahrani
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia; Taif University, Physiotherapy Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Martin Mackey
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Marina B Pinheiro
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Manuela Wicks
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Debra Shirley
- The University of Sydney, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney, Australia.
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Ek A, Alexandrou C, Delisle Nyström C, Direito A, Eriksson U, Hammar U, Henriksson P, Maddison R, Trolle Lagerros Y, Löf M. The Smart City Active Mobile Phone Intervention (SCAMPI) study to promote physical activity through active transportation in healthy adults: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:880. [PMID: 30012116 PMCID: PMC6048804 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global pandemic of physical inactivity represents a considerable public health challenge. Active transportation (i.e., walking or cycling for transport) can contribute to greater total physical activity levels. Mobile phone-based programs can promote behaviour change, but no study has evaluated whether such a program can promote active transportation in adults. This study protocol presents the design and methodology of The Smart City Active Mobile Phone Intervention (SCAMPI), a randomised controlled trial to promote active transportation via a smartphone application (app) with the aim to increase physical activity. Methods/design A two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial will be conducted in Stockholm County, Sweden. Two hundred fifty adults aged 20–65 years will be randomised to either monitoring of active transport via the TRavelVU app (control), or to a 3-month evidence-based behaviour change program to promote active transport and monitoring of active travel via the TRavelVU Plus app (intervention). The primary outcome is moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA in minutes/day) (ActiGraph wGT3x-BT) measured post intervention. Secondary outcomes include: time spent in active transportation measured via the TRavelVU app, perceptions about active transportation (the Transport and Physical Activity Questionnaire (TPAQ)) and health related quality of life (RAND-36). Assessments are conducted at baseline, after the completed intervention (after 3 months) and 6 months post randomisation. Discussion SCAMPI will determine the effectiveness of a smartphone app to promote active transportation and physical activity in an adult population. If effective, the app has potential to be a low-cost intervention that can be delivered at scale. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03086837; 22 March, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ek
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Group MLÖ, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Christina Alexandrou
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Group MLÖ, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christine Delisle Nyström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Group MLÖ, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.,Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Artur Direito
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, Alexandra House, 17-19 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Trivector Traffic, Barnhusgatan 16, 111 23, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, C6, Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 210, 171 77, Stockholm, PO, Sweden
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Group MLÖ, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ralph Maddison
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Eugeniahemmet T2, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinic of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Group MLÖ, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
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Villa-González E, Barranco-Ruiz Y, Evenson KR, Chillón P. Systematic review of interventions for promoting active school transport. Prev Med 2018; 111:115-134. [PMID: 29496615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Active commuting to school has been recognized as a potential avenue to increase physical activity in children and adolescents. However, active commuting to school has declined over time, and interventions are needed to reverse this trend. The main aim in the current study was to update a previous systematic review on interventions focused on active travel to school, following the same methodology and addressing the quality and effectiveness of new studies detected in the more recent scientific literature. A systematic review was conducted to identify intervention studies of active commuting to school published from February 2010 to December 2016. Five electronic databases and a manual search were conducted. Detailed information was extracted, including a quantitative assessment comparing the effect sizes, with Cohen's d, and a qualitative assessment using the Evaluation of Public Health Practice Projects tool. We identified 23 interventions that focused on active commuting to school. Among the 23 interventions, three were randomized control trials, 22 had a pre/post design, and 12 used control groups. Most interventions reported a small effect size on active commuting to school (14/23) (d: from -1.45 to 2.37). The quality assessment was rated as weak in most studies (21/23). Government funding continues investing in public policies to promote active commuting to school. However, even though seven years have passed since the last systematic review, research with high quality designs with randomization, greater sample size, and the use of valid and reliable instruments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Villa-González
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Ctra. de Alfacar, SN, 18070, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Yaira Barranco-Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Ctra. de Alfacar, SN, 18070, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, NC 27599-805, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Palma Chillón
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Ctra. de Alfacar, SN, 18070, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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14
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Brondeel R, Kestens Y, Chaix B. An evaluation of transport mode shift policies on transport-related physical activity through simulations based on random forests. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:143. [PMID: 29061144 PMCID: PMC5651637 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is widely recognized as one of the leading causes of mortality, and transport accounts for a large part of people's daily physical activity. This study develops a simulation approach to evaluate the impact of the Ile-de-France Urban Mobility Plan (2010-2020) on physical activity, under the hypothesis that the intended transport mode shifts are realized. METHODS Based on the Global Transport Survey (2010, n = 21,332) and on the RECORD GPS Study (2012-2013, n = 229) from the French capital region of Paris (Ile-de-France), a simulation method was designed and tested. The simulation method used accelerometer data and random forest models to predict the impact of the transport mode shifts anticipated in the Mobility Plan on transport-related moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (T-MVPA). The transport mode shifts include less private motorized trips in favor of more public transport, walking, and biking trips. RESULTS The simulation model indicated a mean predicted increase of 2 min per day of T-MVPA, in case the intended transport mode shifts in the Ile-de-France Urban Mobility Plan were realized. The positive effect of the transport mode shifts on T-MVPA would, however, be larger for people with a higher level of education. This heterogeneity in the positive effect would further increase the existing inequality in transport-related physical activity by educational level. CONCLUSIONS The method presented in this paper showed a significant increase in transport-related physical activity in case the intended mode shifts in the Ile-de-France Urban Mobility Plan were realized. This simulation method could be applied on other important health outcomes, such as exposure to noise or air pollution, making it a useful tool to anticipate the health impact of transport interventions or policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Brondeel
- Inserm, UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Nemesis team, Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, UMR-S 1136, 75012, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Nemesis team, Paris, France. .,EHESP School of Public Health, Rennes, France.
| | - Yan Kestens
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basile Chaix
- Inserm, UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Nemesis team, Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, UMR-S 1136, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1136, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Nemesis team, Paris, France
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15
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Oliveira CB, Franco MR, Maher CG, Christine Lin CW, Morelhão PK, Araújo AC, Negrão Filho RF, Pinto RZ. Physical Activity Interventions for Increasing Objectively Measured Physical Activity Levels in Patients With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 68:1832-1842. [PMID: 27111744 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether physical activity interventions increase objectively measured physical activity levels of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (e.g., osteoarthritis, low back pain) compared to no/minimal intervention. METHODS We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis searching the Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SportDiscus, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases, and the main clinical trials registries. Quasirandomized or randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of physical activity interventions on objectively measured physical activity levels (e.g., using accelerometers or pedometers) of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain compared with no/minimal intervention were considered eligible. Analyses were conducted separately for short-term (≤3 months), intermediate (>3 months and <12 months), and long-term (≥12 months) followups. Pooled effects were calculated using the standardized mean difference (SMD), and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used in summary conclusions. RESULTS Eight published trials and 6 registered trials were included. For the short-term followup, pooling of 6 trials showed no significant effect (SMD 0.34, 95% confidence interval -0.09, 0.77) between a physical activity intervention and no/minimal intervention. Similarly nonsignificant results were found for the intermediate and long-term followups. The overall evidence according to the GRADE approach was classified as low quality. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that physical activity-based interventions may lead to little or no difference in objectively measured physical activity levels of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain compared with no/minimal interventions. Given the number of registered trials, the pooled effect found in this review is likely to change once the results of these trials become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystian B Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Franco
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christopher G Maher
- George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chung-Wei Christine Lin
- George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Priscila K Morelhão
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ruben F Negrão Filho
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Z Pinto
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil, and George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Promoting physical activity for children and adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: An umbrella systematic review: A review on promoting physical activity in LMIC. Prev Med 2016; 88:115-26. [PMID: 27068650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unknown how much previous reviews on promoting physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents (aged 6-18years) take into account studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC, based on the World Bank definition) and the level of evidence of the effect of PA interventions in this population. This study aims to answer such questions using an umbrella systematic review approach. METHODS We searched for peer-reviewed systematic reviews and original studies in eight electronic databases, screening of reference lists and expert contacts. Information in systematic reviews on PA interventions for children and adolescents from LMIC was discussed. Original studies on PA interventions (randomized-controlled trials [RCT], cluster-RCT and non-RCT) with children and adolescents from LMIC were eligible. We assessed the methodological quality in all studies, and the evidence level of effect on PA in intervention studies. RESULTS Fifty systematic reviews (nine meta-analyses) and 25 original studies (20 different interventions) met eligibility criteria. Only 3.1% of mentioned studies in previous reviews were from LMIC. Strong and LMIC-specific evidence was found that school-based, multicomponent, and short-term (up to six months) interventions, focused on adolescents primarily (aged 13-18years), can promote PA in children and adolescents from LMIC. Other intervention characteristics had inconclusive evidence due to the low number of studies, low methodological quality, and/or small sample size. CONCLUSION A minimal part of PA interventions mentioned in previous reviews are from LMIC. Our LMIC-specific analyses showed priorities of implementation and practical implication that can be used in public policies for PA promotion in LMIC.
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Stewart G, Anokye NK, Pokhrel S. What interventions increase commuter cycling? A systematic review. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007945. [PMID: 26275902 PMCID: PMC4538250 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify interventions that will increase commuter cycling. SETTING All settings where commuter cycling might take place. PARTICIPANTS Adults (aged 18+) in any country. INTERVENTIONS Individual, group or environmental interventions including policies and infrastructure. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES A wide range of 'changes in commuter cycling' indicators, including frequency of cycling, change in workforce commuting mode, change in commuting population transport mode, use of infrastructure by defined populations and population modal shift. RESULTS 12 studies from 6 countries (6 from the UK, 2 from Australia, 1 each from Sweden, Ireland, New Zealand and the USA) met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 2 studies were randomised control trials and the remainder preintervention and postintervention studies. The majority of studies (n=7) evaluated individual-based or group-based interventions and the rest environmental interventions. Individual-based or group-based interventions in 6/7 studies were found to increase commuter cycling of which the effect was significant in only 3/6 studies. Environmental interventions, however, had small but positive effects in much larger but more difficult to define populations. Almost all studies had substantial loss to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Despite commuter cycling prevalence varying widely between countries, robust evidence of what interventions will increase commuter cycling in low cycling prevalence nations is sparse. Wider environmental interventions that make cycling conducive appear to reach out to hard to define but larger populations. This could mean that environmental interventions, despite their small positive effects, have greater public health significance than individual-based or group-based measures because those interventions encourage a larger number of people to integrate physical activity into their everyday lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Stewart
- Health Economics Research Group (HERG), Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Nana Kwame Anokye
- Health Economics Research Group (HERG), Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Subhash Pokhrel
- Health Economics Research Group (HERG), Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Zacharias J, Tang B. Choosing between stairs and escalators in China: The impact of location, height and pedestrian volume. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2:529-32. [PMID: 26844113 PMCID: PMC4721357 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research examines whether Beijing residents are more or less likely than Montréal residents to avoid stair climbing, by replicating a study in Montréal, Canada that measured the impacts of distance between stairs and escalator, height between floors and pedestrian volume on stair climbing rate. METHOD 15 stairways, 14 up-escalators and 13 down-escalators were selected in 13 publicly accessible settings in Beijing. Distance between the bottom or top of nearest stair and escalator combinations varied from 2.1 m to 114.1 m with height between floors varying from 3.3 m to 21.7 m. Simultaneous counts were conducted on stair and escalator pairs, for a total of 37,081 counted individuals. RESULTS In the ascent model, pedestrian volume accounted for 16.3% of variance in stair climbing, 16.4% when height was added and 45.1% when distance was added. In the descent model, 40.9% of variance was explained by pedestrian volume, 41.5% when height was added and 45.5% when distance was added. CONCLUSION Separating stairs and escalator is effective in increasing stair climbing in Beijing, accounting for 29% of the variance in stair climbing, compared with 43% in Montreal. As in the Montreal case, distance has less effect on stair use rate when descending. Overall, 25.4% of Beijingers opted for stairs when ascending compared with 20.3% of Montrealers, and for descending 32.8% and 31.1% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zacharias
- College of Architecture and Landscape, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
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