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Gernert M, Schuber AA, Schaller A. Experiences in the application of logic models in the context of workplace health promotion - A focus group discussion. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2023; 100:102347. [PMID: 37451035 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Gathering evidence on complex workplace health promotion interventions faces methodological challenges. Therefore, the application of logic models as a theory of change is recommended to support outcome and process evaluations. The present study explores challenges and opportunities of applying logic models in application-oriented intervention research on workplace health promotion. A focus group (n = 6), consisting of scientists and workplace health promotion practitioners, was conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. The recorded qualitative data were transcribed and analysed using the structuring content analysis method. According to the focus group, logic models provide several opportunities for planning and evaluating complex workplace health promotion interventions. Logic models support the communication between science and practice, and have benefits for the provider of workplace health promotion interventions. The main challenges in working with logic models were dealing with the complex and constantly developing intervention and with the derivation and implementation of reasonable evaluation methods. The focus group exposed repeated application and a shared understanding between stakeholders as facilitators for working with logic models. In conclusion, at the science-practice interface, logic models could enhance the integrative understanding and the further development of evidence-based workplace health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Gernert
- Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - André Arik Schuber
- Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schaller
- Working Group Physical Activity-Related Prevention Research, Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Department of Human Sciences, Institute of Sport Science, Germany
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Pitt Barnes S, Lang JE. Supporting School Staff: Insights From Employee Health and Well-Being Programs. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:842-852. [PMID: 37670593 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The workplace is an important setting for health protection, health promotion, and disease prevention programs. In the school setting, employee health and well-being programs can address many physical and emotional concerns of school staff. This systematic review summarizes evidence-based approaches from employee health and well-being interventions supporting nutrition and physical activity (PA) in a variety of workplace settings. METHODS The 2-phase systematic review included a search for articles within systematic reviews that met our criteria (addressing employee health and well-being programs; published 2010-2018; Phase 1) and the identification of individual articles from additional searches (addressing school-based employee interventions; published 2010-2020; Phase 2). We included 35 articles. FINDINGS Across all studies and types of interventions and workplace settings, findings were mixed; however, multicomponent interventions appeared to improve health behaviors and health outcomes among employees. IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY Schools can apply this evidence from employee health and well-being programs in various workplace settings to implement coordinated and comprehensive employee health and well-being programs. CONCLUSIONS Employee health and well-being programs may be effective at supporting nutrition and PA. Schools can use findings from employee health and well-being programs in workplaces other than schools to support school staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraphine Pitt Barnes
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jason E Lang
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Jiménez-Mérida MR, Vaquero-Abellán M, Alcaide-Leyva JM, Cantón-Habas V, Raya-Cano E, Romero-Saldaña M. Effectiveness of Multicomponent Interventions and Physical Activity in the Workplace to Reduce Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081160. [PMID: 37107994 PMCID: PMC10137796 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are public health problems that affects the workplace. This paper aims to analyse the effectiveness of workplace health promotion interventions in reducing Body Mass Index (BMI); Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases. The inverse variance statistical method was used for the meta-analysis with a random effects analysis model and standardised means. The results have been represented by Forest Plots and Funnel Plots graphs; Results: The multicomponent approach had the best results for reducing BMI (-0.14 [-0.24, -0.03], 95% CI; p = 0.009) compared to performing physical activity only (-0.09 [-0.39, 0.21], 95% CI; p = 0.56). However, both methods resulted in positive changes in reducing BMI in the general analysis (-0.12 [-0.22, -0.02], 95% CI; p = 0.01). The GRADE evaluation showed low certainty due to the high heterogeneity between interventions (I2 = 59% for overall analysis). CONCLUSIONS The multicomponent approach could be an effective intervention to reduce obesity in the working population. However, workplace health promotion programs must be standardised to conduct quality analyses and highlight their importance to workers' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rocío Jiménez-Mérida
- Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Vaquero-Abellán
- Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José M Alcaide-Leyva
- Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vanesa Cantón-Habas
- Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena Raya-Cano
- Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Saldaña
- Grupo Asociado de Investigación GA16 Estilos de Vida, Tecnología y Salud, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Departamento de Enfermería, Farmacología y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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Blaschke S, Schad N, Schnitzius M, Pelster K, Mess F. The Connection between Non-Alcoholic Fatty-Liver Disease, Dietary Behavior, and Food Literacy in German Working Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030648. [PMID: 36771354 PMCID: PMC9919132 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: German working adults are particularly at risk of non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD), which is connected to increased cardiovascular and overall morbidity and mortality. Dietary behavior (DB) and health knowledge are crucial factors in the conceptual NAFLD model, which can directly influence this disease. These two factors largely align with the concept of food literacy (FL), which deals with proficiency in food-related skills and knowledge to promote healthy DB and prevent NAFLD. However, the potential of FL for NAFLD prevention remains unknown, because FL has not been tested in connection with DB and NAFLD. Therefore, the current study examined the direct and indirect connections between FL, DB, and NAFLD in a mediation model. (2) Methods: A total of 372 working adults (38% female) participated in a cross-sectional study by completing self-report questionnaires on FL and DB. In addition, an independent physician assessed the fatty-liver index (FLI) as an indicator of NAFLD in an occupational health checkup. (3) Results: The mediation model revealed that FL had a direct moderate connection with DB (β = 0.25, p < 0.01), but no direct connection with the FLI (β = -0.05, p = 0.36). However, DB showed a small to moderate connection with the FLI (β = -0.14, p = 0.01), which could indicate the indirect-only mediation of the relationship between FL and NAFLD via DB. (4) Conclusion: These results confirm the value of DB for the prevention of NAFLD. In addition, FL might be a vital component for improving DB and thereby function as a resource in the prevention of NAFLD. However, future longitudinal research is needed to substantiate the value of FL with respect to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blaschke
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Nele Schad
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Melina Schnitzius
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, University of Cooperative Education, 34225 Baunatal, Germany
| | - Klaus Pelster
- Health Management and Safety—Health Management, Environmental Protection, Siemens AG, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Filip Mess
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
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Feasibility and Acceptability of Policies and Environmental Strategies for Improving Physical Activity and Healthy Eating in Japanese Small and Medium Corporations. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:39-47. [PMID: 35941735 PMCID: PMC9835672 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the implementation status of policies and environmental strategies for increasing physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE) in small and medium corporations to identify feasible and acceptable interventions. METHODS An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was administered to 655 small and medium corporations to determine whether they implemented PA (18 items) and HE (17 items) policies and environmental strategies and, if not, their intention to do so in the future. We compared differences in the implementation and intention to implement rate by corporation size. RESULTS The implementation and intention rates of costly items for PA and HE were low, regardless of corporation size, but were significantly lower in small corporations than in medium corporations. CONCLUSIONS To overcome cost barriers, employee participation must be encouraged, and employee knowledge of PA and HE must be improved.
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Valenzuela R, Saadiq S, Cobos S, Salinas JJ. Engagement in Physical Activity Improves after Participation in Pasos Para Prevenir Cancer-An Obesity-Related Cancer Prevention Program in El Paso, Texas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11607. [PMID: 36141878 PMCID: PMC9517185 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This present study experimentally evaluated the Pasos Para Prevenir Cancer (PPPC) program to determine whether participation was associated with improved physical activity engagement. Evidence suggests that obesity prevention programs improve physical activity (PA) engagement and lead to healthier weights, which substantially impacts cancer and cardiometabolic disease risk. There is a shortage of knowledge on the effectiveness of programs tailored to populations along the U.S.-Mexico border. METHODS We collected demographic, nutrition, and physical activity data at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) for 209 participants. We analyzed the average metabolic equivalents (METS) per week for all physical activity levels and types and the achievement of the recommended METS per week to determine the demographic characteristics most associated with a change between baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. RESULTS Light activity was the most common activity at all three points, and it slightly increased at 6 months in work settings. Subjects conducted moderate physical activity primarily at home and work, and moderate physical activity increased more compared to vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Intervention tailoring might improve PA engagement in Mexican Americans residing on the U.S.-Mexico border; however, larger studies that are more diverse are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Valenzuela
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Stefan Saadiq
- Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Sandra Cobos
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Salinas
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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Ralph AF, Brennan L, Byrne S, Caldwell B, Farmer J, Hart LM, Heruc GA, Maguire S, Piya MK, Quin J, Trobe SK, Wallis A, Williams-Tchen AJ, Hay P. Management of eating disorders for people with higher weight: clinical practice guideline. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:121. [PMID: 35978344 PMCID: PMC9386978 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of eating disorders is high in people with higher weight. However, despite this, eating disorders experienced by people with higher weight have been consistently under-recognised and under-treated, and there is little to guide clinicians in the management of eating disorders in this population. AIM The aim of this guideline is to synthesise the current best practice approaches to the management of eating disorders in people with higher weight and make evidence-based clinical practice recommendations. METHODS The National Eating Disorders Collaboration Steering Committee auspiced a Development Group for a Clinical Practice Guideline for the treatment of eating disorders for people with higher weight. The Development Group followed the 'Guidelines for Guidelines' process outlined by the National Health and Medical Research Council and aim to meet their Standards to be: 1. relevant and useful for decision making; 2. transparent; 3. overseen by a guideline development group; 4. identifying and managing conflicts of interest; 5. focused on health and related outcomes; 6. evidence informed; 7. making actionable recommendations; 8. up-to-date; and, 9. accessible. The development group included people with clinical and/or academic expertise and/or lived experience. The guideline has undergone extensive peer review and consultation over an 18-month period involving reviews by key stakeholders, including experts and organisations with clinical academic and/or lived experience. RECOMMENDATIONS Twenty-one clinical recommendations are made and graded according to the National Health and Medical Research Council evidence levels. Strong recommendations were supported for psychological treatment as a first-line treatment approach adults (with bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder), adolescents and children. Clinical considerations such as weight stigma, interprofessional collaborative practice and cultural considerations are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS This guideline will fill an important gap in the need to better understand and care for people experiencing eating disorders who also have higher weight. This guideline acknowledges deficits in knowledge and consequently the reliance on consensus and lower levels of evidence for many recommendations, and the need for research particularly evaluating weight-neutral and other more recent approaches in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah Brennan
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Wodonga, Australia
| | - Sue Byrne
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Jo Farmer
- Lived Experience Advocate, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura M. Hart
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gabriella A. Heruc
- Eating Disorders and Nutrition Research Group (ENRG), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Maguire
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, The Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Milan K. Piya
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Macarthur Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia Quin
- Lived Experience Advocate, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah K. Trobe
- National Eating Disorders Collaboration, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Wallis
- Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, The Children’s Hospital Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Phillipa Hay
- Eating Disorders and Body Image (EDBI), Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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Betriebliche Absichten für gesundheitsförderliche Telearbeit nach dem COVID-19-Lockdown 2020. PRÄVENTION UND GESUNDHEITSFÖRDERUNG 2022. [PMCID: PMC9202324 DOI: 10.1007/s11553-022-00956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Unternehmen mussten wegen der Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 schnelle Lösungen für die Weiterarbeit – von zu Hause aus – finden. Die Arbeitsbedingungen zu Hause (Telearbeit) entsprechen nicht immer den Grundprinzipien und Qualitätskriterien der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung (BGF). Fragestellung Wie stark ist der Ansatz gesundheitsförderlicher Telearbeit (Arbeit im Homeoffice) in Betrieben verankert und was beeinflusst die strategische Etablierung und Nutzung unterstützender Materialien? Material und Methoden Theoretisch abgeleitete Hypothesen wurden operationalisiert und 1858 österreichische Betriebe zur Teilnahme an einer Online-Befragung eingeladen. Die Stichprobe (n = 192) repräsentiert einen breiten Mix aus Unternehmensgrößen, Sektoren und Regionen. Ergebnisse Betriebe variieren stark in der Absicht zukünftig gesundheitsförderliche Telearbeit umzusetzen. Ein Teil der Variation kann durch multivariate Pfadmodelle aufgeklärt werden, wobei die Verhaltenskontrolle und die sozialen Normen eine zentrale Rolle einnehmen. Erstere wird vom Grad der Vorbereitung auf Telearbeit und ihre Umsetzung im Unternehmen bestimmt. Insbesondere zeigt sich, dass die Telearbeitskultur und die ‑bereitschaft für die Stärke von sozialen Normen gegenüber der Umsetzung von Telearbeit verantwortlich sind. Schlussfolgerung Telearbeit wurde bisher zu wenig im Sinne einer ganzheitlichen BGF betrachtet. Eine derartige Umsetzung hängt stark von Unternehmensstrukturen und -prozessen, der Kultur und den Handlungsspielräumen der Entscheidungsträger ab. Betrieben wird empfohlen, Kompetenzen aufzubauen und sich am Konzept der Kapazitätsbildung zu orientieren.
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Hill A, Alston L, Needham C, Peeters A, LaMontagne AD, Nichols M. Systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion interventions targeting obesity prevention in school-based staff. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6631503. [PMID: 35788312 PMCID: PMC9437818 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
School-based employee interventions can benefit the health of staff and have the potential to influence the health of school students through role-modelling. However, interventions within schools typically focus on students, with very few studies addressing obesity and related health behaviours among school staff. A systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature published between January 2000 and May 2020 was undertaken to synthesize the evidence on the impact that school-based obesity prevention programmes have on the staff they employ. Search terms were derived from four major topics: (i) school; (ii) staff; (iii) health promotion and (iv) obesity. Terms were adapted for six databases and three independent researchers screened results. Studies were included if they reported on the outcomes of body weight, dietary behaviours and/or physical activity. Of 3483 papers identified in the search, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. All 13 studies included an intervention that focussed on improving nutrition, physical activity or both. All included studies demonstrated a positive outcome for either dietary intake, weight or body mass index or physical activity outcomes, however not all results were statistically significant. The included studies showed promising, although limited, impacts on employee health outcomes. This review demonstrated a lack of global focus and investment in interventions targeting school staff, particularly in contrast to the large amount of research on school-based health promotion initiatives focussed on students. There is a need for further research to understand effective interventions to promote health and prevent obesity in this large, diverse and influential workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hill
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura Alston
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia.,Deakin Rural Health, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia.,Colac Area Health, Research, Colac 3250, VIC, Australia
| | - Cindy Needham
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, VIC, Australia
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Factors associated with the implementation of health-promoting telework from the perspective of company decision makers after the first COVID-19 lockdown. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022; 30:2373-2387. [PMID: 35530416 PMCID: PMC9064540 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies shifted to telework, with few insights into its implementation, organisational conditions or the role of workplace health promotion and management. This study focused on a multifactorial investigation of conditions in companies which implemented and evaluated telework during the first lockdown in 2020 as well as on their future intentions to facilitate teleworking under health-promoting working conditions. Subject and methods The research hypotheses relate to an extended technology acceptance model. In a mixed-methods design, expert interviews were fed into the development of an online questionnaire. Out of 1858 contacted companies representing a broad range of Austrian businesses, 192 responses (general management, workplace health managers, etc.) were analysed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. Results The degree of implementation and claim to teleworking increased significantly during the first lockdown and did not return to pre-pandemic levels afterwards. Changes depended on preparation and experience: evaluation of teleworking and willingness to continue offering teleworking were conditional on preparation and the degree of implementation. Prerequisites for future intentions to implement health-promoting teleworking included readiness, general willingness and existing workplace health promotion/management structures. Conclusion This paper demonstrates the potential of health-promoting organisational cultures for development processes – particularly in times of crisis. Anchoring health-focused structures in companies helps to create health-promoting frameworks. Health-promoting teleworking can be developed from workplace health promotion/management using established approaches. It is essential to build on in-house capacities and competencies to develop awareness for a holistic culture for health-promoting (tele)work and to encourage deliberations about potential measures.
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Lee Y, Lee NY, Lim HJ, Sung S. Weight Reduction Interventions Using Digital Health for Employees with Obesity: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3121-3131. [PMID: 36246516 PMCID: PMC9555217 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s384450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to systematically review the literature on randomized controlled trials on weight reduction interventions using digital health for employees with obesity. METHODS All relevant articles published until September 2021 were systematically identified from six electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, RISS, and KISS. Data selection and extraction were independently performed by three researchers. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials. The results were narratively synthesized. RESULTS Eleven studies were included in the systematic review. All studies had a low risk of bias. The settings and sample sizes of the included studies were different. The contents of the interventions included nutrition, physical activity, behavioral change, incentives, and motivation. Four studies were based on social cognitive theory. A total of ten studies delivered web-based intervention, while the other used tele-monitoring device. A wide range of intervention strategies was used including providing online resources, tele-counseling, and patient-tailored advice. As a result of the intervention, a total of seven studies showed a significant weight reduction in both the intervention and comparison groups, with significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION Until now, use of digital health in weight reduction interventions for employees with obesity has been conducted on a web-based. Various contents such as nutrition, physical activity and theories were explored. Further study is required using more diverse delivery methods such as mobile application, use of wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Lee
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Fresenius Medical Care Southern Manhattan, New York, NY, USA
| | - Na Young Lee
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Lim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Sung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Sumi Sung, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea, Tel +82 2 6072 5374, Fax +82 2 2072 0318, Email
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Wang Y, Zhao L, Gao L, Pan A, Xue H. Health policy and public health implications of obesity in China. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:446-461. [PMID: 34097869 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
China has experienced many drastic social and economic changes and shifts in people's lifestyles since the 1990s, in parallel with the fast rising prevalence of obesity. About half of adults and a fifth of children have overweight or obesity according to the Chinese criteria, making China the country with the highest number of people with overweight or obesity in the world. Assuming that observed time trends would continue in the future, we projected the prevalence of and the number of people affected by overweight and obesity by 2030, and the associated medical costs. The rising incidence of obesity and number of people affected, as well as the related health and economic consequences, place a huge burden on China's health-care system. China has made many efforts to tackle obesity, including the implementation of relevant national policies and programmes. However, these measures are inadequate for controlling the obesity epidemic. In the past decade, China has attached great importance to public health, and the Healthy China 2030 national strategy initiated in 2016 provides a historical opportunity to establish comprehensive national strategies for tackling obesity. China is well positioned to explore an effective model to overcome the obesity epidemic; however, strong commitment and leadership from central and local governments are needed, as well as active participation of all related society sectors and individual citizens. TRANSLATION: For the Chinese translation of the paper see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfa Wang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwang Gao
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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13
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[Development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Stage to Change in the Reduction of Childhood Overweight Scale (SCROS)]. NUTR HOSP 2020; 37:951-957. [PMID: 32960619 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objectives: the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the "Stage of change in the reduction of childhood overweight" scale by means of an exploratory factor analysis, and its reliability. This questionnaire is a new measure to identify the stage of awareness of the problem, and the willingness to change, in parents of children with overweight and obesity, based on the transtheoretical model by Prochaska and DiClemente (1983). Method: the study involved 484 women with school-aged children, of which 65.9 % were classified with obesity, and 34.1 % with overweight. Results: the SCROS psychometric characteristics were assessed, obtaining an internal consistency of 0.789 using Cronbach's alpha with 16 elements (items). By means of the Exploratory Factor Analysis four factors were obtained with eigen values higher than one, which explained 62.89 % of the total variance. The items were grouped in the following dimensions: Preparation (4 items), Precontemplation (4 items), Contemplation (4 items), and Action (4 items). Conclusions: the SCROS is a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate the stage in which parents of children with overweight and obesity problems are located, which will allow us to design more suitable interventions for these children and their families.
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14
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Cleven L, Krell-Roesch J, Nigg CR, Woll A. The association between physical activity with incident obesity, coronary heart disease, diabetes and hypertension in adults: a systematic review of longitudinal studies published after 2012. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:726. [PMID: 32429951 PMCID: PMC7238737 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of studies that investigated the longitudinal association between physical activity (PA) and the outcome of incident obesity, coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes and hypertension has become available in recent years. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review was to provide an update on the association between PA and onset of obesity, CHD, diabetes and hypertension in individuals aged ≥18 years who were free of the respective conditions at baseline. METHODS We systematically searched OVID, Pubmed, and Web of Science databases for pertinent literature published between January of 2012 and February of 2019. To ensure that conclusions are based on high quality evidence, we only included longitudinal studies conducted in samples of ≥500 participants and with ≥5 years of follow-up. RESULT The search yielded 8929 records of which 26 were included in this review. Three studies were conducted on the outcome of incident obesity, eight on incident CHD, nine on incident diabetes, four on incident hypertension, one on the outcome of both diabetes and hypertension, and one on the outcome of CHD, diabetes and hypertension. Overall, there was an association between PA and lower risk of incident obesity, CHD and diabetes, but not hypertension. Higher levels or amount of PA were associated with a reduced risk of new onset of the respective diseases in 20 studies (77%). Whereas four studies reported an elevated risk of incidence of diseases with lower PA levels (15%). PA was not associated with incidence of diseases in two studies (8%). CONCLUSION Higher levels of PA are likely associated with a lower risk of becoming obese, develop CHD or diabetes. These findings replicate and strengthen conclusions from earlier reviews underlining the importance of promoting PA in adults. The associations between PA and incident hypertension were less consistent. More research, particularly using prospective cohort designs in large population-based samples, is needed to further untangle the association between PA and incident hypertension. TRAIL REGISTRATION CRD42019124474 (PROSPERO Protocol registration). Date of registration in PROSPERO 27 February 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cleven
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Janina Krell-Roesch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Translational Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ USA
| | - Claudio R. Nigg
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Present address: Institute of Sports Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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15
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Reed ZE, Suderman MJ, Relton CL, Davis OSP, Hemani G. The association of DNA methylation with body mass index: distinguishing between predictors and biomarkers. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:50. [PMID: 32228717 PMCID: PMC7106582 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is associated with body mass index (BMI), but it is not clear if methylation scores are biomarkers for extant BMI or predictive of future BMI. Here, we explore the causal nature and predictive utility of DNA methylation measured in peripheral blood with BMI and cardiometabolic traits. METHODS Analyses were conducted across the life course using the ARIES cohort of mothers (n = 792) and children (n = 906), for whom DNA methylation and genetic profiles and BMI at multiple time points (3 in children at birth, in childhood and in adolescence; 2 in mothers during pregnancy and in middle age) were available. Genetic and DNA methylation scores for BMI were derived using published associations between BMI and DNA methylation and genotype. Causal relationships between methylation and BMI were assessed using Mendelian randomisation and cross-lagged models. RESULTS The DNA methylation scores in adult women explained 10% of extant BMI variance. However, less extant variance was explained by scores generated in the same women during pregnancy (2% BMI variance) and in older children (15-17 years; 3% BMI variance). Similarly, little extant variance was explained in younger children (at birth and at 7 years; 1% and 2%, respectively). These associations remained following adjustment for smoking exposure and education levels. The DNA methylation score was found to be a poor predictor of future BMI using linear and cross-lagged models, suggesting that DNA methylation variation does not cause later variation in BMI. However, there was some evidence to suggest that BMI is predictive of later DNA methylation. Mendelian randomisation analyses also support this direction of effect, although evidence is weak. Finally, we find that DNA methylation scores for BMI are associated with extant cardiometabolic traits independently of BMI and genetic score. CONCLUSION The age-specific nature of DNA methylation associations with BMI, lack of causal relationship and limited predictive ability of future BMI indicate that DNA methylation is likely influenced by BMI and might more accurately be considered a biomarker of BMI and related outcomes rather than a predictor. Future epigenome-wide association studies may benefit from further examining associations between early DNA methylation and later health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Reed
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC IEU), Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Matthew J Suderman
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC IEU), Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC IEU), Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Oliver S P Davis
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC IEU), Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC IEU), Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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16
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van de Ven D, Robroek SJW, Burdorf A. Are workplace health promotion programmes effective for all socioeconomic groups? A systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:589-596. [PMID: 32217755 PMCID: PMC7547856 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Decreasing socioeconomic health inequalities is considered an important policy priority in many countries. Workplace health promotion programmes (WHPPs) have shown modest improvements in health behaviour. This systematic review aims to determine the presence and magnitude of socioeconomic differences in effectiveness and the influence of programme characteristics on differential effectiveness of WHPPs. Three electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews published from 2013 onwards and for original studies published from 2015 onwards. We synthesised the reported socioeconomic differences in effectiveness of WHPPs on health behaviours, and calculated effectiveness ratios by dividing the programme effects in the lowest socioeconomic group by the programme effects in the highest socioeconomic group. Thirteen studies with 75 comparisons provided information on the effectiveness of WHPPs across socioeconomic groups. Ten studies with 54 comparisons reported equal effectiveness and one study with 3 comparisons reported higher effectiveness for lower socioeconomic groups. Quantitative information on programme effects was available for six studies with 18 comparisons, of which 13 comparisons showed equal effectiveness and 5 comparisons showed significantly higher effect sizes among workers in low socioeconomic position. The differential effectiveness of WHPPs did not vary across programme characteristics. In this study no indications are found that WHPPs increase socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviour. The limited quantitative information available suggests that WHPPs may contribute to reducing socioeconomic inequalities. Better insight is needed on socioeconomic differences in effectiveness of WHPPs to develop strategies to decrease socioeconomic inequalities in health in the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- David van de Ven
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan J W Robroek
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Williams AJ, Barter T, Sharpe RA. Lessons from a publicly funded tier 2 healthy weight programme in Cornwall, UK. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 42:e96-e104. [PMID: 31220298 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UK has one of the highest prevalence rates of obesity worldwide. Public health departments have a duty to provide some obesity treatment and prevention services. With evidence of effective programmes lacking, we investigate lessons learned from a healthy weight programme in Cornwall, UK. METHODS Data from the 12-week multi-component adult healthy weight management programme were obtained for 2012-2016. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests were used to describe participants' demographics, health status and anthropometric measures to explore the enrolment and retention of the programme as well as the impact. RESULTS A total of 1872 adults were referred into the programme. Overall, 646 completed the programme and, 48.8% achieved the programme's aim of a >3% reduction in weight. Those who completed and met the programme aim tended to have had healthier outcomes at baseline. CONCLUSIONS For those who engage with the programme the impact can be meaningful. However, <1% of the population of Cornwall with overweight or obesity enroled in the programme, and those who benefitted most might have been in least need. Providing services that meet the needs of the population is challenging when a variety of services is needed, and the evidence base is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Williams
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro TR1 3HD, UK
| | - T Barter
- Wellbeing and Public Health Service, Cornwall Council, Truro TR1 3AY, UK
| | - R A Sharpe
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro TR1 3HD, UK.,Wellbeing and Public Health Service, Cornwall Council, Truro TR1 3AY, UK
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18
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Organizational Wellness Program Implementation and Evaluation: A Holistic Approach to Improve the Wellbeing of Middle Managers. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:515-520. [PMID: 29461387 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
: Employee wellness programs can provide benefits to institutions as well as employees and their families. Despite the attempts of some organizations to implement programs that take a holistic approach to improve physical, mental, and social wellness, the most common programs are exclusively comprised of physical and nutritional components. In this study, we implemented a wellness program intervention, including training using a holistic approach to improve the wellbeing of middle managers in several multinational organizations. We included control and experimental groups to measure wellness and teamwork with two repeated measures. Our results indicated that employees receiving the intervention had improved measures of wellness and teamwork. A positive relationship was found between wellness and teamwork in the experimental group when compared with the control group. Taken together, the data suggest that implementation of these programs would provide valuable outcomes for both employees and organizations.
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19
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Dietary Interventions for Night Shift Workers: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102276. [PMID: 31547547 PMCID: PMC6836085 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Night shift workers have greater risks of developing cardiometabolic diseases compared to day workers due to poor sleep quality and dietary habits, exacerbated by circadian misalignment. Assessing effects of dietary interventions on health outcomes among this group will highlight gaps for future research. (2) Methods: A search of studies was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Embase Classic, Ovid Emcare, and Google Scholar, from earliest to June 2019. The population-intervention-comparator-outcomes-study design format determined inclusion criteria. (3) Results: 756 articles were retrieved; five met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six-hundred-and-seventy night shift workers were from healthcare, industrial, and public safety industries. Dietary interventions included two longer-term nutrition programs and three shorter-term adjustments of meal composition, type, and timing. Outcome measures were varied but included weight and cardiometabolic health measures. Nutrition programs found no weight improvement at both six and 12 months; low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels decreased at six months. Triglycerides peaked after meals at 7:30 pm; glucose and insulin area under the curve peaked after meals at 11:30 pm. (4) Conclusions: Weight loss was not achieved in the studies reviewed but LDL-cholesterol improved. Future studies should investigate the effects of energy reduction and altering meal timing on cardiometabolic risk factors of night shift workers in randomised controlled trials, while assessing hunger, sleepiness, and performance.
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20
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Gugushvili A, Jarosz E. Inequality, validity of self-reported height, and its implications for BMI estimates: An analysis of randomly selected primary sampling units' data. Prev Med Rep 2019; 16:100974. [PMID: 31485392 PMCID: PMC6715954 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Any systematic errors in self-reported height, a measure commonly used in health research, may produce biased BMI estimates and reduce the effectiveness of public health interventions. To our knowledge, none of the studies evaluating the validity of self-reported height explore this issue in cross-national settings. This study analyses data on a sub-set of 750 individuals with information on self-reported and measured height from the Life in Transition Survey (LITS) conducted in 34 European and Central Asian countries in 2016. We make use of the unique design of LITS in which all respondents reported their height, but in one randomly selected primary sampling unit in each country the actual height was also measured, using a portable stadiometer. In addition to analysing individual-level characteristics, using a multiply imputed dataset for missing data and multilevel mixed-effects regressions, we test if macro-level factors are associated with respondents under- or over-reporting their height. We find that on the aggregate level self-reported and measured height estimates are not statistically different, but some socio-demographic groups such as women and those who live in rural areas are likely to overestimate their height. Adjusting for this bias would lead to the higher estimates of the proportion of individuals who are overweight and obese. The results from multilevel analysis also show that macro-level factors do not per se explain the likelihood of misreporting height, but rather some of the effects of individual characteristics are moderated by income inequality. Systematic errors in self-reported height may produce biased BMI estimates. On the aggregate level self-reported and measured height are indistinguishable. Women and those who live in rural areas are likely to overestimate their height. This bias can increase the estimated population BMI level by 2.1%. Some of the effects of individual variables are moderated by income inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi Gugushvili
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Barnett House, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Jarosz
- Department of Sociology, Centre for Time Use Research, University of Oxford, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 74 Woodstock Road Oxford, OX2 6HP, United Kingdom
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21
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Prince SA, Elliott CG, Scott K, Visintini S, Reed JL. Device-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic health and fitness across occupational groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:30. [PMID: 30940176 PMCID: PMC6444868 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With approximately 8 hours of one's waking day spent at work, occupational tasks and environments are important influencers on an individual's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours. Little research has compared device-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic outcomes between occupational groups. OBJECTIVE To compare device-measured movement (sedentary time [ST], light intensity physical activity [LPA], moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity [MVPA], and steps) across occupations. The secondary objective was to examine whether cardiometabolic and fitness outcomes differed by occupation. METHODS Five bibliographic databases were searched to identify all studies which included working age, employed adults from high-income countries, and reported on device-measured movement within occupations. Risk of bias within and across studies was assessed. Results were synthesized using meta-analyses and narrative syntheses. RESULTS The review includes 132 unique studies with data from 15,619 participants. Working adults spent ~ 60% of their working and waking time engaged in sedentary behaviour; a very small proportion (~ 4%) of the day included MVPA. On average, workers accumulated 8124 steps/day. Office and call center workers' steps/day were among the lowest, while those of postal delivery workers were highest. Office workers had the greatest ST and the lowest time in LPA both at work and during wakeful time. However, office workers had the greatest minutes sent in MVPA during wakeful hours. Laborers had the lowest ST and spent a significantly greater proportion of their work time in LPA and MVPA. Healthcare and protective services workers had higher levels of LPA at work compared to other occupations. Workers in driving-based occupations tended to have a higher body mass index and blood pressure. CONCLUSION This review identifies that occupational and wakeful time PA and ST differed between occupations. Future studies are needed to assess whether patterns differ by age and sex, describe leisure-time movement and movement patterns, and the relationship with cardiometabolic health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017070448 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Prince
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Cara G. Elliott
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
| | - Kyle Scott
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah Visintini
- Berkman Library, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Reed
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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22
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Oude Hengel KM, Coenen P, Robroek SJW, Boot CRL, van der Beek AJ, Van Lenthe FJ, Burdorf A. Socioeconomic inequalities in reach, compliance and effectiveness of lifestyle interventions among workers: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis and equity-specific reanalysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025463. [PMID: 30765409 PMCID: PMC6398771 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity and unhealthy behaviour are more prevalent among workers with a low compared with a high socioeconomic position (SEP), and thus contribute to socioeconomic health inequalities. The occupational setting is considered an important setting to address unhealthy behaviours due to the possibility to efficiently reach a large group of adults through worksite health promotion. This paper describes the rationale and design for an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis and a socioeconomic equity-specific reanalysis aiming to: (1) investigate socioeconomic differences in the effectiveness of interventions aimed at promoting healthy behaviour and preventing obesity, (2) examine socioeconomic differences in reach and compliance and (3) to investigate underlying factors affecting possible socioeconomic differences. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases including Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Central and Google Scholar as well as in grey literature and trial registries. Two researchers have independently selected a total of 34 relevant studies (from 88 articles). Responsible researchers of these eligible studies were asked to provide their study data and an assessment of the methodological criteria was done. The data of the intervention studies will be pooled for the IPD meta-analysis, whereas the socioeconomic equity-specific reanalysis will focus on each study separately, stratified for SEP. Both methods will be conducted to investigate socioeconomic differences in effectiveness, reach and compliance (research aims 1 and 2). For research aim 3, different factors, such as population characteristics, organisational work environment and intervention characteristics, will be investigated as possible moderators in the associations between SEP and effectiveness, reach and compliance. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Medical Ethical Committee of Erasmus MC declared that the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act does not apply to the meta-analyses. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and (inter)national conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018099878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Oude Hengel
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Work Health Technology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scrientific Research TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan J W Robroek
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecile R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Haire-Joshu D, Hill-Briggs F. The Next Generation of Diabetes Translation: A Path to Health Equity. Annu Rev Public Health 2019; 40:391-410. [PMID: 30601723 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Disparities in diabetes burden exist in large part because of the social determinants of health (SDOH). Translation research and practice addressing health equity in diabetes have generally focused on changing individual behavior or providing supportive approaches to compensate for, rather than directly target, SDOH. The purpose of this article is to propose a pathway for addressing SDOH as root causes of diabetes disparities and as an essential target for the next generation of interventions needed to achieve health equity in diabetes prevention and treatment. This review describes ( a) the current burden of diabetes disparities, ( b) the influence of SDOH on diabetes disparities, ( c) gaps in and implications of current translation research, and ( d) approaches to achieving health equity in the next generation of diabetes translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Haire-Joshu
- Public Health and Medicine, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA;
| | - Felicia Hill-Briggs
- Departments of Medicine; Health, Behavior and Society; and Acute and Chronic Care; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA;
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24
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Lassen AD, Fagt S, Lennernäs M, Nyberg M, Haapalar I, Thorsen AV, Møbjerg ACM, Beck AM. The impact of worksite interventions promoting healthier food and/or physical activity habits among employees working 'around the clock' hours: a systematic review. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1115. [PMID: 30083088 PMCID: PMC6073101 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review of randomised studies on the impact of worksite interventions to promote healthier food and/or physical activity among people who work irregular hours ‘around the clock’, that is, outside of ordinary daytime working hours. The population–intervention–comparator–outcomes–study (PICOS) design format was used. Data sources were PubMed and CINAHL. An updated search was conducted on October 2017 using Google Scholar and the related articles function in PubMed on initially included studies to identify additional studies. Risk of bias was used to assess study quality. A total of seven studies (reports published in 14 papers) were included in the systematic review: Two interventions with a broader lifestyle approach, three focusing on physical exercise and two on providing healthier food or meal options. The studies had sample sizes from 30 to 1,000 and targeted a mixture of occupations, including both male- and female-dominated occupational groups. The interventions lasted from 2 to 12 months. Only one had an extended follow-up. In general, the studies showed small-to-moderate effect sizes on several measures, including dietary and/or physical activity measures, suggesting acceptable effectiveness for interventions involving community-level behaviour change. Our findings highlight a need to further develop and implement well-designed health promotion interventions with comparable outcome measures and effect size reports. A mixture of health promotion strategies is recommended for future practice in this target population, including individually tailored programmes, improving the food and physical activity environment and using broader lifestyle approaches including the use of participatory and empowerment strategies. While more research is needed in this field, the existing knowledge base on effective approaches awaits translation into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Dahl Lassen
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sisse Fagt
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maria Lennernäs
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Science, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Maria Nyberg
- Department of Food and Meal Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Irja Haapalar
- School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Applied Educational Sciences and Teacher Education, Savonlinna, Finland
| | - Anne V Thorsen
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna C M Møbjerg
- Institute for Nursing and Nutrition, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne M Beck
- Institute for Nursing and Nutrition, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Clinical Nutrition Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark
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25
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Magnavita N. Obstacles and Future Prospects: Considerations on Health Promotion Activities for Older Workers in Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061096. [PMID: 29843423 PMCID: PMC6025276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ageing of workers is one of the most important issues for occupational health and safety in Europe. The ageing of the active population means that health promotion is a necessity rather than a mere option. This review considers barriers and perspectives for workplace health promotion for older workers. Lack of awareness on the part of management and inflexibility in the occupational health and safety system appear to be major barriers. To overcome these, it will be necessary to disseminate knowledge regarding the effectiveness of health promotion actions for older workers, encourage greater involvement on the part of social partners, recover resources by replacing medical consumerism and bureaucratic practices, adopt an integrated approach combining the prevention of occupational risks and the promotion of healthy lifestyles, and recognize subsidiarity and the ability of working communities to regulate themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
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