1
|
Liang X, Chen J, An X, Ren Y, Liu Q, Huang L, Zhang P, Qu P, Li J. The optimal time restricted eating interventions for blood pressure, weight, fat mass, glucose, and lipids: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024; 34:389-401. [PMID: 37838299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No previous systematic review or meta-analysis has evaluated the effect of optimal time-restricted eating (TRE) interventions on cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. This meta-analysis aimed to illustrate the effect of a suitable TRE on CVD risk factors. METHODS A systematic review was performed to identify trials reporting the effects of TRE, relative to non-diet controls, on CVD risk factors in humans. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the effect sizes, and the results are expressed as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the influence of the study population, age, duration of intervention, and baseline mean BMI on the CVD indexes. RESULTS TRE intervention significantly reduced systolic pressure (SBP) (MD: -3.45 mmHg; 95%CI:(-6.20,-0.71) mmHg; P = 0.01), body weight (MD: -1.63 Kg; 95%CI:(-2.09,-1.17) Kg; P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (MD: -0.47 Kg/m2; 95% CI: (-0.72, -0.22) Kg/m2; P<0.001), and fat mass (MD: -0.98 Kg; 95% CI: (-1.51,-0.44) Kg; P<0.001), and reduced blood glucose levels. Based on the results of subgroup analysis, this meta-analysis identified the optimal TRE for BP (with a 6 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and male participants with obesity and aged ≥ 45 years), obesity (with a 6 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and female participants aged ≥ 45 years), lipids (with an 8 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and male participants aged < 45 years), and glucose (with a 10-12 h feeding window, last eating time point before 6 PM, and female participants aged < 45years). CONCLUSIONS Relative to a non-diet control, TRE is effective for the improvement of CVD risks. Moreover, individual TRE interventions should be developed for different populations to achieve the most effective health improvement for CVD risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xizou An
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yanling Ren
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Xu C, Ban Y, Xi W, Han Y, Zhang X, Gao L. Influence of health-related behaviors patterns on obesity among primary and secondary school students: A latent profile analysis. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:634-642. [PMID: 38602094 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the co-existing patterns of health-related behaviors among children and adolescents at different education stages and the association with obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE A total of 5651 primary and secondary school students were drawn from the National Student Physical Health Survey in 2014 with an average age of 13.53 ± 2.87 years. MEASUREMENTS Physical measurements and questionnaires were completed, which concluded height, weight, and health-related behaviors (sleep, physical activity, dietary, and screen behavior et al.). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using Mplus 8.3 and SPSS 26.0 was used for other statistical analysis. RESULTS Three latent classes of health-related behaviors were fitted for each of the education stages. After adjustment for age, gender, and region, the high-screen behavior group were 2.217 (95%CI = 1.030-4.772, p = .042) times more likely to be obesity than the health-behavior group in primary school, and the poor-diet group and poor-diet and high-screen behavior group were 2.101 (95%CI = 1.396-3.396, p < .001) and 1.788 (95%CI = 1.003-3.190, p = .049) times more likely to be overweight than the health-behavior group in junior middle school respectively. CONCLUSION Obesity is mainly influenced by screen behavior and dietary patterns among children and adolescents. Health-related behavior patterns should be accurately identified and comprehensive joint interventions should be carried out to prevent obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjing Ban
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Szczuka Z, Kulis E, Banik A, Boberska M, Siwa M, Zaleskiewicz H, Krzywicka P, Paduszynska N, Knoll N, Radtke T, Schenkel K, Dunton GF, Luszczynska A. Effects of physical activity planning interventions on reducing sedentary behavior in parent-child dyads: A randomized controlled trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024. [PMID: 38886974 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Effects of parent-child dyad interventions on behavior remain unclear. This randomized controlled trial investigated if, compared with a control condition, three types of physical activity (PA) planning interventions (individual "I-for-me," dyadic "we-for-me," and collaborative "we-for-us") would reduce sedentary behavior (SB) time in parents and their children. The study involved 247 dyads comprising parents (aged 29-66) and their children (aged 9-15), randomized into one of the three types of PA planning-intervention arms or the control condition. Mixed models were applied to analyze data from a preregistered trial (NCT02713438) with the outcome of accelerometer-measured SB time, assessed at 1-week and 36-week follow-ups. Although children's SB remained unaffected by the planning interventions, a small reduction of SB time was found among parents in the collaborative (p = .048) and individual (p = .042) planning conditions. The effects were observed at the 1-week follow-up only. While short-term reductions in parents' SB were achieved, these were not sustained long-term. PA planning interventions delivered to parent-child dyads did not substantially reduce children's SB, which may be due to young people's needs of increased independence from their parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Szczuka
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kulis
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Banik
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Boberska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Siwa
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Nina Knoll
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theda Radtke
- Health Psychology and Applied Diagnostics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Konstantin Schenkel
- Applied Social and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aleksandra Luszczynska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Melbourne Centre for Behavior Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang F, Zhang P, Ren Y, Huang D, Xu F, Ma J, Luo S, Liang X. The estimated effect of increasing fruit interventions on controlling body weight in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Prev Med 2024; 179:107785. [PMID: 37992975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of increased fruit consumption on weight change remains a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of interventions targeted at promoting fruit consumption and managing body weight in children and adolescents. METHODS Four electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, were searched from January 1, 2000, to October 10th, 2023, to identify Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed changes in fruit consumption and obesity indicators. RESULTS A total of 22 trials including 12,678 participants who met our inclusion criteria were selected for this review. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the interventions increased fruit intake (MD = 78.58 g/day (95% CI 53.09 to 104.07), P < 0.001) in children and adolescents. The mean reduction of body mass index was 0.27 kg/m2 (95% CI -0.59 to 0.05 kg/m2, P = 0.101). And no significant decreases were observed in body mass index-z scores, but there was a significant decrease in waist circumference (MD = -0.65 cm (95% CI -1.15 to -0.05 cm), P < 0.05). Increased fruit intake was shown to be associated with a lower prevalence of obesity when compared to the control group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.74, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.90), P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provided evidence that interventions aimed at increasing fruit consumption were effective at reducing obesity prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanling Ren
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Daochao Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fenglin Xu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Shimian People's Hospital, Ya'an, China
| | - Shunqing Luo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morawska A, Mitchell AE, Tooth LR. Managing Screen Use in the Under-Fives: Recommendations for Parenting Intervention Development. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:943-956. [PMID: 37171529 PMCID: PMC10640456 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of excessive screen use on children's health and development is a public health concern and many countries have published recommendations to limit and guide the use of screen media in childhood. Despite this, international studies report that the majority of parents and children do not adhere to screen use recommendations. Existing research aiming to understand children' screen use has largely focused on older children, and on demographic and structural aspects of the child's environment. Parents play a central role in determining young children's screen use and identify numerous barriers to developing healthy screen use practices with their children. However, no clear models exist that incorporate key parenting factors in understanding children's screen use, which presents an impediment to intervention development. Likewise, while some evidence exists for interventions to improve children's screen use behaviours, most are focused on older children and parental involvement has generally been limited. In this paper, we overview key factors associated with screen use in young children (< 5 years) and summarise the existing evidence base for interventions designed to support healthy screen use. This paper proposes a conceptual model linking aspects of parenting and the socio-ecological environment to young children's screen use. Our proposed model could be used to design longitudinal studies of screen use predictors and outcomes, and inform intervention development. Finally, the paper provides key recommendations for future research, intervention development and testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, 13 Upland Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leigh R Tooth
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Öztürk G, Kolcu M. Are child and parent health behaviors associated with childhood obesity? A descriptive and methodological study. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 72:99-105. [PMID: 37494855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine the relationship between child and parents' health behaviors and childhood obesity. In addition, an adaptation of the Turkish version of the Family Health Behavior Scale (FHBS) was performed in this study. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a descriptive and methodological study. The research sample consisted of 358 parents who have a child between the ages of 5 and 12 studying in one of the seven state schools at the kindergarten, primary, and secondary school levels in Istanbul. Data were collected between February 2022 to May 2022 using the Parent and Child Descriptive Information Form, the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity (FNPA) Screening Tool, and the FHBS. IBM SPSS 25.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) and SPSS AMOS 21.0 software were used to analyze the data. RESULTS It was found that the confirmatory factor analysis result of FHBS confirmed the original structure of the scale, and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.80. A positive correlation was found between the parents' total scores of FNPA and FHBS (r:0.511, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS It is recommended to evaluate the child and their parents holistically in preventing and managing childhood obesity. School health nurses should plan family-centered interventions to improve health behaviors and carry out these interventions with a multidisciplinary team. Moreover, it has been determined that FHBS is a valid and reliable measurement tool for the Turkish population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Öztürk
- Fenerbahçe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nursing Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Kolcu
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Hamidiye Faculty of Nursing, University of Health Sciences-Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fournier E, Łuszczki E, Isacco L, Chanséaume-Bussiere E, Gryson C, Chambrier C, Drapeau V, Chaput JP, Thivel D. Toward an Integrated Consideration of 24 h Movement Guidelines and Nutritional Recommendations. Nutrients 2023; 15:2109. [PMID: 37432285 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
While physical activity, sleep and sedentary behaviors are almost always considered independently, they should be considered as integrated human behaviors. The 24 h Movement approach proposes a concomitant consideration of these behaviors to promote overall health. Not only do these behaviors impact energy expenditure, but they have also been shown to separately impact energy intake, which should be further explored when considering the entire integration of these movement behaviors under the 24 h movement approach. After an evaluation of the prevalence of meeting the 24 h Movement and dietary recommendations, this review summarizes the available evidence (using English publications indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE) regarding the association between the 24 h Movement Guidelines and eating habits. Altogether, the results clearly show the beneficial impact of promoting the 24 h guidelines simultaneously, highlighting that the higher the number of respected movement recommendations, the better eating behaviors in both children and adults. Importantly, our results point out the importance of emphasizing the need to reach sedentary guidelines for better eating habits. Movement and dietary behaviors appear closely related, and giving recommendations on one might impact the other. Combining the 24 h Movement with dietary Guidelines might be more efficient than promoting them separately in public health strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elora Fournier
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Laurie Isacco
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | - Vicky Drapeau
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rietz M, Schmidt-Persson J, Rasmussen MGB, Egebaek HK, Wedderkopp N, Kristensen PL, Grøntved A. Recreational screen time trajectories during early childhood and imaging-measured body composition at age 7 in the Odense child cohort. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023. [PMID: 36799105 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children spend increasing amounts of time on recreational screen media, which may lead to an obesogenic environment. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association of trajectories of screen time across ages 3, 5 and 7 years with body composition at age 7 in the Odense Child Cohort. METHODS Data were collected in the Municipality of Odense, Denmark, between 2010 and 2019. Group-based trajectory modelling was applied to group participants into four trajectories of prospective parent-reported screen time. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry with calculated fat-mass index (FMI) as the primary outcome. Primary models were linear multivariable regression models adjusted for participants' sex, age, birthweight, maternal origin, maternal education, maternal body-mass-index, and maternal age. Further models were adjusted for additional possible confounders. Selection bias was addressed by inverse probability weighting. RESULTS In total, 803 children (48.2% female) were included in the primary analysis. Participants with screen time at all time points were assigned to four trajectory groups [constant low screen time (12.7%), low increase (36.3%), high increase between ages 3 and 5 (33.5%) and high increase in screen time (17.5%)]. Sample characteristics differed across missing data status and trajectories. Mean FMI (kg/m2 ) and standard deviation (SD) were 3.7 (SD 1.3) and 3.9 (SD 1.6) for the constant low versus high screen time, respectively. No differences in FMI were found between screen time trajectory groups at age 7 (adjusted mean difference 0.1 kg/m2 , 95% confidence interval -0.3, 0.5 for constant low versus high screen time). No consistent associations between screen time groups and secondary body composition outcomes were found. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study do not suggest that recreational screen time from age 3 to 7 years is associated with adiposity or other measures of body composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Rietz
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Schmidt-Persson
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Gillies Banke Rasmussen
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Heidi Klakk Egebaek
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,University College South Denmark, Haderslev, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- The Pediatric Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Lund Kristensen
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|