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Santoiemma PP, Cohn SE, Gatesy SWM, Hauser AR, Agrawal S, Theodorou ME, Bachta KER, Ozer EA. The global population stru cture of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and its application to an investigation of a rare case of infective endocarditis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300843. [PMID: 39213326 PMCID: PMC11364288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lacticaseibacillus (formerly Lactobacillus) rhamnosus is widely used in probiotics or food supplements to promote microbiome health and may also be part of the normal microbiota of the human gastrointestinal tract. However, it rarely also causes invasive or severe infections in patients. It has been postulated that these infections may originate from probiotics or from endogenous commensal reservoirs. In this report, we examine the population structure of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and investigate the utility of using bacterial genomics to identify the source of invasive Lacticaseibacillus infections. METHODS Core genome phylogenetic analysis was performed on 602 L. rhamnosus genome sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology public database. This information was then used along with newly generated sequences of L. rhamnosus isolates from yogurt to investigate a fatal case of L. rhamnosus endocarditis. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated substantial genetic overlap of L. rhamnosus isolates cultured from food, probiotics, infected patients, and colonized individuals. This was applied to a patient who had both consumed yogurt and developed L. rhamnosus endocarditis to attempt to identify the source of his infection. The sequence of the isolate from the patient's bloodstream differed at only one nucleotide position from one of the yogurt isolates. Both isolates belonged to a clade, identified here as clade YC, composed of mostly gastrointestinal isolates from healthy individuals, some of which also differed by only a single nucleotide change from the patient's isolate. CONCLUSIONS As illustrated by this case, whole genome sequencing may be insufficient to reliably determine the source of invasive infections caused by L. rhamnosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip P. Santoiemma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Cohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Samuel W. M. Gatesy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Hauser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Saaket Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Maria E. Theodorou
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kelly E. R. Bachta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Egon A. Ozer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Havey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Jatoth BS, Rahman Z, Dandekar MP, Venkataraman R, Shivalingegowda RK, Manuel GG. Safety Assessment of Streptococcus salivarius UBSS-01 in Rats and Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Individuals. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:387-406. [PMID: 38676502 DOI: 10.1177/10915818241247527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus salivarius is a common, harmless, and prevalent member of the oral microbiota in humans. In the present study, the safety of S. salivarius UBSS-01 was evaluated using in silico methods and preclinical and clinical studies. In an acute toxicity study, rats were administered with 5 g/kg (500 × 109 CFU) S. salivarius UBSS-01. The changes in phenotypic behaviors and hematological, biochemical, electrolytes, and urine analyses were monitored. No toxicity was observed at 14 days post-treatment. The no observable effects limit (NOEL) of S. salivarius UBSS-01 was >5 g/kg in rats. In a 28-day repeat dose toxicity study, rats were administered S. salivarius UBSS-01 once daily at doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 g/kg (10, 50, and 100 billion CFU/kg, respectively) body weight. S. salivarius UBSS-01 did not influence any of the hematology parameters and clinical chemistry parameters in plasma and serum samples after 28-day repeated administration. No structural abnormality was observed in the histological examination of organs. Whole genome analysis revealed the absence of virulence factors or genes that may transmit antibiotic resistance. In the double-blind study with 60 human participants (aged 18-60 years), consumption of S. salivarius UBSS-01 for 30 days was found to be safe and results were comparable with placebo treatment These findings indicate that S. salivarius UBSS-01 may be safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindhu S Jatoth
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajesh Venkataraman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, India
| | - Ravi K Shivalingegowda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B. G. Nagara, India
| | - Gloriya G Manuel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, India
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Oliveira GDS, McManus C, Dos Santos VM. Control of Escherichia coli in Poultry Using the In Ovo Injection Technique. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:205. [PMID: 38534640 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogens, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), have been identified as significant causes of poultry mortality. Poultry can serve as potential sources of E. coli transmission, even when asymptomatic, posing a substantial threat to food safety and human health. The in ovo administration of antimicrobials is crucial for preventing and/or effectively combating acute and chronic infections caused by poultry pathogens. To achieve this goal, it is critical that antimicrobials are properly injected into embryonic fluids, such as the amnion, to reach target tissues and trigger robust antimicrobial responses. Several protocols based on antimicrobials were evaluated to meet these requirements. This review analyzed the impacts of antimicrobial substances injected in ovo on the control of E. coli in poultry. The reduction in infection rates, resulting from the implementation of in ovo antimicrobials, combined with efforts aimed at hygienic-sanitary action plans in poultry sheds, reinforces confidence that E. coli can be contained before causing large scale damage. For example, antimicrobial peptides and probiotics have shown potential to provide protection to poultry against infections caused by E. coli. Issues related to the toxicity and bacterial resistance of many synthetic chemical compounds represent challenges that need to be overcome before the commercial application of in ovo injection protocols focused on microbiological control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Concepta McManus
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
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4
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La Rosa GRM, Pedullà E. Effectiveness of probiotics in apical periodontitis progression: A scoping review and implications for research. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:528-536. [PMID: 36524834 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To synthesise the current knowledge on the effects of probiotics in apical periodontitis progression by a scoping review of animal and human studies. Reporting was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. The literature search and screening was performed on PubMed and Scopus databases by two independent reviewers selecting human and animal studies that evaluated the effectiveness of probiotics in reducing the severity of apical periodontitis. Two animal studies with 3 publications met the eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis. The most common probiotics were Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus acidophilus orally administered for gavage in Wistar rats with induced apical periodontitis. Overall, probiotics significantly reduced inflammation and bone resorption with an improvement in the apical periodontitis progression. Although results in animal studies are promising, the use of probiotics in apical periodontitis progression requires caution due to the insufficient available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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5
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Gao X, Yu J, Chang L, Wang Y, Sun X, Mu G, Qian F. In vitro antibacterial activity of Bacillus coagulans T242 on Caco-2 cells infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Gao H, Li X, Chen X, Hai D, Wei C, Zhang L, Li P. The Functional Roles of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Different Physiological and Pathological Processes. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1226-1233. [PMID: 36196014 PMCID: PMC9668099 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2205.05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that can be consumed by humans in amounts sufficient to offer health-promoting effects. Owing to their various biological functions, probiotics are widely used in biological engineering, industry and agriculture, food safety, and the life and health fields. Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), an important human intestinal probiotic, was originally isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract and its functions have been widely studied ever since it was named in 1900. L. acidophilus has been found to play important roles in many aspects of human health. Due to its good resistance against acid and bile salts, it has broad application prospects in functional, edible probiotic preparations. In this review, we explore the basic characteristics and biological functions of L. acidophilus based on the research progress made thus far worldwide. Various problems to be solved regarding the applications of probiotic products and their future development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Xiatian Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Deng Hai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB243UE, UK
| | - Chuang Wei
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China,Corresponding authors L. Zhang Phone +86 18660263885 E-mail:
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China,
P. Li E-mail:
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7
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Tegegne BA, Kebede B. Probiotics, their prophylactic and therapeutic applications in human health development: A review of the literature. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09725. [PMID: 35785237 PMCID: PMC9240980 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics do not differentiate between good and bad germs, disrupting normal microflora and causing vitamin deficiency in the human body. They also kill healthy bacteria in the gut and genital tract on a large scale, weakening the host's defense mechanism. Probiotics are a colony of bacteria that live in our intestines and are regarded as a metabolic 'organ' due to their beneficial effects on human health, including metabolism and immunological function. They are used in clinical settings to prevent and treat conditions such as diarrhoea, colon cancer, hypertension, diabetes, acute pancreatitis, Helicobacter pylori infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, migraine and autism. Probiotics may modify immunological activity by increasing innate and adaptive immune responses, altering microbial habitat in the intestine, improving gut barrier function, competitive adherence to the mucosa and epithelium, and producing antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this study is to index that further in depth researches to be conducted on probiotics pivotal role in the prophylaxis and therapeutic usage for a variety of disease that may or may not have treatment alternatives. Key words such as probiotics, microbiota, prophylactics, and therapeutic applications were searched extensively in research databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Scopus, Web of Science, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. This concise narrative review article summarized primarily the history, selection, mechanism/mode of action, recent advances in prophylactic and therapeutic applications, and future directions in the use of probiotics for prophylactic and therapeutic applications.
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RAMAH A, YASUDA M, OHASHI Y, IMATAKE S, IMAIZUMI N, KIDA T, YANAGITA T, UEMURA R, BAAKHTARI M, BAKRY HH, ABDELALEEM NM, EL-SHEWY EA. Protective effects of probiotics against tannin-induced immunosuppression in broiler chickens. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2022; 41:168-176. [PMID: 36258768 PMCID: PMC9533031 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tannins (TAs) are an anti-nutritional substance commonly used as a natural feed additive for livestock. However, our previous study described the dose-dependent adverse effects of TA on immune responses and growth in chickens. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of a probiotic preparation (BT) consisting of three different bacteria (Bacillus mesenteric, Clostridium butyricum, and Streptococcus faecalis) against TA-induced immunosuppression in chickens. Forty chicks were divided into 4 groups as follows: the CON group (basal diet), BT group supplemented with 3 g BT/kg diet, tannic acid (TA) group supplemented with 30 g TA/kg diet, and BT+TA group supplemented with 3 g BT/kg diet + 30 g TA/kg diet. The feeding trial lasted for 35 days. Lymphocyte subset, macrophage phagocytosis, cytokine mRNA expression, and primary and secondary IgY immune responses were evaluated. BT supplementation significantly improved TA-induced reductions in final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and relative weights of lymphoid organs compared with the TA group. Furthermore, in the spleen and cecal tonsil (CT), the relative populations of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ cells in the BT+TA group were significantly ameliorated compared with the TA group. Additionally, comparison with the TA group showed that the chickens in the BT+TA group had an improved relative population of B cells in the CT and that macrophage phagocytosis in the spleen was significantly increased. Chickens in the BT+TA group showed significant increases in IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA expression in the spleen compared with the TA group. The primary and secondary IgY responses were significantly improved. These results revealed that supplementation with BT protects against TA-induced immunosuppression in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany RAMAH
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia 13518, Egypt
| | - Masahiro YASUDA
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yuki OHASHI
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shoichiro IMATAKE
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Noriko IMAIZUMI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tetsuo KIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tenya YANAGITA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ryoko UEMURA
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Mahmoud BAAKHTARI
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine,
University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Balkh University, Balkh 1702,
Afghanistan
| | - Hatem H. BAKRY
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia 13518, Egypt
| | - Nabila M. ABDELALEEM
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia 13518, Egypt
| | - Elham A EL-SHEWY
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia 13518, Egypt
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Kang MS, Park GY. In Vitro Inactivation of Respiratory Viruses and Rotavirus by the Oral Probiotic Strain Weissella cibaria CMS1. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:760-766. [PMID: 35536505 PMCID: PMC9086127 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Weissella cibaria CMS1 (oraCMS1) has been commercially used in Korea as an oral care probiotic for several years. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the influenza A virus (H1N1) are representative viruses that cause infantile lower respiratory tract infections. Rotavirus A (RVA) is the most common cause of diarrhea in infants and young children. Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of oraCMS1 in inactivating RSV, H1N1, and RVA in suspension as per ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) E1052-20. The mixture of oraCMS1 and these viruses was evaluated at contact times of 1, 2, and 4 h. Virucidal activity was measured using a 50% tissue culture infective dose assay (log10TCID50) after infecting the host cells with the viruses. The CFS of oraCMS1 inactivated RSV by up to 99.0% after 1 h and 99.9% after 2 and 4 h, and H1N1 and RVA were inactivated by up to 99.9% and 99.0% at 2 h, respectively. Although these in vitro results cannot be directly interpreted as implying clinical efficacy, our findings suggest that oraCMS1 provides a protective barrier against RSV, H1N1, and RVA, and therefore, it can help decrease the risk of respiratory tract and intestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Kang
- R&D Center, OraPharm Inc, Seoul, 04782, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HW, Lee DC, Rhee HI. Production of α-glucosidase inhibitor in the intestines by Bacillus licheniformis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 158:110032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Albright MBN, Louca S, Winkler DE, Feeser KL, Haig SJ, Whiteson KL, Emerson JB, Dunbar J. Solutions in microbiome engineering: prioritizing barriers to organism establishment. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:331-338. [PMID: 34420034 PMCID: PMC8776856 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome engineering is increasingly being employed as a solution to challenges in health, agriculture, and climate. Often manipulation involves inoculation of new microbes designed to improve function into a preexisting microbial community. Despite, increased efforts in microbiome engineering inoculants frequently fail to establish and/or confer long-lasting modifications on ecosystem function. We posit that one underlying cause of these shortfalls is the failure to consider barriers to organism establishment. This is a key challenge and focus of macroecology research, specifically invasion biology and restoration ecology. We adopt a framework from invasion biology that summarizes establishment barriers in three categories: (1) propagule pressure, (2) environmental filtering, and (3) biotic interactions factors. We suggest that biotic interactions is the most neglected factor in microbiome engineering research, and we recommend a number of actions to accelerate engineering solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stilianos Louca
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Daniel E Winkler
- United States Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Kelli L Feeser
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Sarah-Jane Haig
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katrine L Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joanne B Emerson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John Dunbar
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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Rizou E, Kalogiouri N, Bisba M, Papadimitriou A, Kyrila G, Lazou A, Andreadis S, Hatzikamari M, Mourtzinos I, Touraki M. Amelioration of growth, nutritional value, and microbial load of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) through probiotic supplemented feed. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Amoah YS, Rajasekharan SK, Reifen R, Shemesh M. Chickpea-Derived Prebiotic Substances Trigger Biofilm Formation by Bacillus subtilis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124228. [PMID: 34959781 PMCID: PMC8704855 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpea-based foods are known for their low allergenicity and rich nutritional package. As an essential dietary legume, chickpea is often processed into milk or hummus or as an industrial source of protein and starch. The current study explores the feasibility of using the chickpea-derived prebiotic substances as a scaffold for growing Bacillus subtilis (a prospective probiotic bacterium) to develop synbiotic chickpea-based functional food. We report that the chickpea-derived fibers enhance the formation of the B. subtilis biofilms and the production of the antimicrobial pigment pulcherrimin. Furthermore, electron micrograph imaging confirms the bacterial embedding onto the chickpea fibers, which may provide a survival tactic to shield and protect the bacterial population from environmental insults. Overall, it is believed that chickpea-derived prebiotic substances provide a staple basis for developing functional probiotics and synbiotic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaa Serwaah Amoah
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Y.S.A.); (S.K.R.)
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Satish Kumar Rajasekharan
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Y.S.A.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Ram Reifen
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Moshe Shemesh
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute for Postharvest Technology and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel; (Y.S.A.); (S.K.R.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Goh ADY, Ng CSM, Toh YG, Chong JBK, Chew EH, Yap KYL. Development of a Probiotics Practice E-Reference Database for Health Care Professionals. Clin Ther 2021; 43:e364-e376.e3. [PMID: 34794833 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently available references provide evidence on the efficacy of probiotics strains but exclude product-specific information, making it challenging for health care professionals (HCPs) to provide consumers with suitable recommendations on probiotics. An online probiotics e-reference database was developed to assist HCPs in delivering evidence-based recommendations on probiotics to consumers. The usability and applicability of the database in health care practice were evaluated. METHODS Information on the efficacy of probiotics and probiotic products was collated using a PubMed literature search, and from local pharmacies and online supplement stores. A web database was compiled using various programming scripts and uploaded onto a web server. The database was beta-tested using an online self-administered questionnaire for community-based pharmacists, and responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. FINDINGS The database comprised 584 clinical study excerpts, 449 probiotic products, and 1879 unique product-study links. Users can search for suitable probiotics based on their indication profile or for a specific probiotic product. Information provided includes the probiotic constituents, dosage regimen, and indications of the product, with supporting clinical evidence. Overall, all participants of the beta-test indicated that they were satisfied with the database and were willing to use it again (both, 13 participants [100%]). In addition, all participants indicated that they found the database intuitive to use and smooth functioning, without inconsistencies (both, 13 [100%]). The majority also indicated that they found the information provided to be clear, comprehensive, and useful in health care practice (12 [92.3%] each). IMPLICATIONS The probiotics e-reference database is an integrated resource that is user-friendly, and provides HCPs with ready access to clear and comprehensive information on probiotic products and clinical studies, so that HCPs can provide consumers with relevant and evidence-based recommendations on probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adison Dai Yong Goh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charmaine Sum May Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yhim Ghee Toh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Eng-Hui Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kevin Yi-Lwern Yap
- Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Engevik M, Ruan W, Visuthranukul C, Shi Z, Engevik KA, Engevik AC, Fultz R, Schady DA, Spinler JK, Versalovic J. Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC 6475 metabolites upregulate the serotonin transporter in the intestinal epithelium. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:583-599. [PMID: 34550056 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) readily takes up serotonin (5-HT), thereby regulating the availability of 5-HT within the intestine. In the absence of SERT, 5-HT remains in the interstitial space and has the potential to aberrantly activate the many 5-HT receptors distributed on the epithelium, immune cells and enteric neurons. Perturbation of SERT is common in many gastrointestinal disorders as well as mouse models of colitis. Select commensal microbes regulate intestinal SERT levels, but the mechanism of this regulation is poorly understood. Additionally, ethanol upregulates SERT in the brain and dendritic cells, but its effects in the intestine have never been examined. We report that the intestinal commensal microbe Limosilactobacillus (previously classified as Lactobacillus) reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 secretes 83.4 mM ethanol. Consistent with the activity of L. reuteri alcohol dehydrogenases, we found that L. reuteri tolerated various levels of ethanol. Application of L. reuteri conditioned media or exogenous ethanol to human colonic T84 cells was found to upregulate SERT at the level of mRNA. A 4-(4-(dimethylamino) phenyl)-1-methylpyridinium (APP+) uptake assay confirmed the functional activity of SERT. These findings were mirrored in mouse colonic organoids, where L. reuteri metabolites and ethanol were found to upregulate SERT at the apical membrane. Finally, in a trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid model of acute colitis, we observed that mice treated with L. reuteri maintained SERT at the colon membrane compared with mice receiving phosphate buffered saline vehicle control. These data suggest that L. reuteri metabolites, including ethanol, can upregulate SERT and may be beneficial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis with respect to serotonin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Engevik
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashely Ave, BSB 626, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - W Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C Visuthranukul
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Z Shi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - K A Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 7703, USA
| | - A C Engevik
- Departments of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - R Fultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0625, USA
| | - D A Schady
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J K Spinler
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J Versalovic
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus crispatus Do Not Have Cytotoxic Effects on HN5 Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:3034068. [PMID: 34621315 PMCID: PMC8492272 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3034068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oral environment has a very complex normal flora and a wide variety of bacteria including lactobacilli. Studies have shown oral microbial flora has important influence in the development of oral cancer. Squamous cell carcinomas account for more than 90% of cancers in oral cavity. Lactobacilli are known as one of the newest methods for the prevention and treatment of cancers. Previous studies on the effects of probiotics on oral cancer cells are very limited, and only two species of Lactobacillus which are not present in the normal oral microflora have been studied. Due to the unknown effects of lactobacilli on oral cancer, this study aimed to investigate the effect of two species of lactobacilli of oral cavity on oral cancer cells. Methods and Materials The effects of the supernatant of two lactobacilli, namely, fermentum and crispatus were studied on HN5-cancer cells. The MTT method was used to study the effects of lactobacilli on inhibition of cancer cell growth. Results The results showed that these lactobacilli do not prevent the progression of oral cancer cells. Moreover, the results showed that the acidic medium had the most effect on reducing the growth of oral cancer cells. Conclusion Due to the different effects of lactobacilli on various cancer types, the effects of two Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus fermentum on other oral cancer cell lines may be different from what has been reported in this study.
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Wilson RM, Walker JM, Yin K. Different Concentrations of Lactobacillus acidophilus Cell Free Filtrate Have Differing Anti-Biofilm and Immunomodulatory Effects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:737392. [PMID: 34589444 PMCID: PMC8473619 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.737392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics such as various strains of Lactobacillaceae have been shown to have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. In vitro studies have shown that Lactobacilli can decrease bacterial biofilm formation. Effects on immune cells have been unclear with most studies showing anti-inflammatory activity. The mechanism of effects has not been clearly elucidated. In these studies, we used different concentrations of live Lactobacillus acidophilus as well as cell free filtrate (CFF) derived from different concentrations of bacteria. Use of CFF is advantageous as a therapeutic because in vivo it can directly contact immune cells and its concentration is fixed. Both live cells and CFF inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. Importantly, we show that high concentration CFF destroyed mature biofilm. This activity was not due to a lowered pH per se, as pH matched HCl did not remove mature biofilm. High concentration CFF totally inhibited P. aeruginosa growth and was bactericidal (>99.99%), but low concentration CFF was not bactericidal. To examine the immunomodulatory effects of L. acidophilus, we incubated THP-1 monocytes and derived macrophages with CFF and measured TNFα production. CFF did not significantly increase TNFα production in THP-1 monocytes. When cells were prestimulated with LPS, high concentration CFF increased TNFα production even further. In macrophages, high concentration CFF alone increased TNFα production but did not affect LPS prestimulated cells. In contrast, low concentration CFF decreased TNFα production in LPS prestimulated cells. To elucidate the possible mechanisms for these effects, we repeated the experiments using a NF-κB reporter THP-1 cell line. High concentration CFF increased NF-κB activity in monocytes and macrophages. In LPS prestimulated macrophages, only low concentration CFF reduced NF-κB activity. These results suggest that high concentration CFF alone induced NF-κB expression which could account partially for an increase in TNFα production. On the other hand, in macrophages, the lower non-bactericidal concentration of CFF reduced NF-κB expression and decreased TNFα production after LPS prestimulation. Taken together, the results provide evidence that different concentrations of L. acidophilus CFF possess varying bactericidal, anti-biofilm and immunomodulatory effects. This is important in vivo to evaluate the possible use of L. acidophilus CFF in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University - School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Jean M Walker
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University - School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States
| | - Kingsley Yin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University - School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States
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Abstract
The aim of this review was to present various topics related to lactose intolerance with special attention given to the role of fermented foods and probiotics in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms. Lactose intolerance is a common digestive problem in which the human body is unable to digest lactose, known as milk sugar. Lactose intolerance can either be hereditary or a consequence of intestinal diseases. Recent work has demonstrated that fermented dairy products and probiotics can modify the metabolic activities of colonic microbiota and may alleviate the symptoms of lactose intolerance. We suggest that, lactose free dairy products could be recommended as alternatives for the alleviation of lactose intolerance and for the promotion of human health and wellness.
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Asaithambi N, Singh SK, Singha P. Current status of non-thermal processing of probiotic foods: A review. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Genomic and proteomic comparisons of bacteriocins in probiotic species Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and inhibitory ability of Escherichia coli MG 1655. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 31:e00654. [PMID: 34258243 PMCID: PMC8254086 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The genomes and proteomes of 12 Bifidobacterium and 46 Lactobacillus were reviewed and then compared for bacteriocin identification. NCBI-Genome, UniProt-Proteome, Bactibase, and BAGL4 databases, as well as BLASTP, and Clustal Omega can be used for bacteriocin mining. Lactobacillus species have more diversity and abundance of bacteriocin compared to Bifidobacterium species. Notably, L. sakei, L. plamtarum, L. reuteri, L. fermentum, and L. casei had the highest pathogen inhibition (E. coli MG 1655); respectively. A set of Lactobacillus bacteria including L. sakei, L. reuteri, L. fermentum, and L. casei can be proposed as a biosecure and safe solution to control gastrointestinal pathogens.
Bacteriocins are a large family of bacterial peptides or proteins, ribosomally synthesized with antimicrobial activity against other bacteria. We investigated and compared the genomes and proteomes of 12 Bifidobacterium and 46 Lactobacillus species for bacteriocins using NCBI-Genome, UniProt-Proteome, Bactibase, and BAGL4 databases. Selected Lactobacillus species were examined for bile salt resistance, acid and pH resistance, pepsin and trypsin enzyme resistance, and antibiotic resistance. Also, the antimicrobial activity of selected Lactobacillus species was evaluated against E. coli MG 1655. Results showed that Lactobacillus species have more diversity and abundance of bacteriocin compared to Bifidobacterium species. Notably, L. sakei, L. plamtarum, L. reuteri, L. fermentum, and L. casei had the highest pathogen inhibition; respectively. Therefore, a combination of these Lactobacillus species can be suggested as a biochemical and safe solution to control gastrointestinal pathogens and suitable alternatives to antibiotics and chemicals in food technology.
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Routier A, Blaizot A, Agossa K, Dubar M. What do we know about the mechanisms of action of probiotics on factors involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis? A scoping review of in vitro studies. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105196. [PMID: 34153538 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotics are increasingly used in oral prevention and treatment conditions, but little is known about their abilities. The aim of this review is to clarify, summarize and disseminate current knowledge about the mode of action of in vitro probiotics on factors involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. METHOD 2495 articles were identified in three databases (Medline, Web of Science, SpringerLink) and 26 studies included in this scoping review. RESULTS Twenty-three probiotic species were identified, the majority of which were Lactobacilli or Bifidobacteria. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (30.8 %) and Lactobacillus reuteri (42.3 %) were found to be the two predominantly studied probiotic species and three main mechanisms of action of probiotics could be classified as: (i) modulation of the immuno-inflammatory response, (ii) direct actions of probiotics on periodontopathogens by adhesion or nutritive competitions and/or the secretion of antimicrobial molecules and (iii) indirect actions through environmental modifications. A combination of several probiotic strains seems to be beneficial via synergistic action amplifying the functions of each strain used. However, heterogeneity of the methodologies and probiotic species included in studies leads us to consider the following avenues for future research: (i) implementation of standardized periodontal models as close as possible to in vivo periodontal conditions to identify the functions of each strain for appropriate medication, (ii) updating data about interactions within oral biofilms to identify new candidates and to predict then analyze their behavior within these biofilms. CONCLUSION Probiotics may have their place in the response to inter-individual variability in periodontitis, provided that the choice of the probiotic strain or combination of them will be personalized and optimal for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Routier
- School of Dentistry, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
| | - Alessandra Blaizot
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
| | - Kevimy Agossa
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; University of Lille, Inserm, Lille University Hospital, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marie Dubar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France; University of Lille, Inserm, Lille University Hospital, UMR-S 1172, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Miyoshi T, Oge S, Nakata S, Ueno Y, Ukita H, Kousaka R, Miura Y, Yoshinari N, Yoshida A. Gemella haemolysans inhibits the growth of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11742. [PMID: 34083694 PMCID: PMC8175725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome plays an important role in the human microbial community and in maintaining the health of an individual. Imbalances in the oral microbiome may contribute to oral and systemic diseases. The progression of periodontal disease is closely related to the growth of bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the oral cavity. However, the pathogen growth mechanism specific to periodontal disease remains unknown. This study aimed to identify bacteria associated with periodontal health by focusing on hemolytic bacteria. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from ten periodontitis patients and five healthy subjects to detect and identify the presence of hemolytic bacteria. The saliva of healthy subjects contained a higher proportion of G. haemolysans than saliva samples from patients with periodontitis. Growth inhibition assays indicated that the protein components contained in the culture supernatant of G. haemolysans directly suppressed the growth of P. gingivalis. This study shows that the presence of G. haemolysans in saliva is associated with periodontal health and that it inhibits the growth of P. gingivalis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Miyoshi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Shogo Oge
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueno
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Ukita
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Reiko Kousaka
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Yuki Miura
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yoshinari
- Department of Periodontology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan.
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Aavani F, Biazar E, Heshmatipour Z, Arabameri N, Kamalvand M, Nazbar A. Applications of bacteria and their derived biomaterials for repair and tissue regeneration. Regen Med 2021; 16:581-605. [PMID: 34030458 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms such as bacteria and their derived biopolymers can be used in biomaterials and tissue regeneration. Various methods have been applied to regenerate damaged tissues, but using probiotics and biomaterials derived from bacteria with improved economic-production efficiency and highly applicable properties can be a new solution in tissue regeneration. Bacteria can synthesize numerous types of biopolymers. These biopolymers possess many desirable properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them good candidates for tissue regeneration. Here, we reviewed different types of bacterial-derived biopolymers and highlight their applications for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Aavani
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 15916-34311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Biazar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tissue Engineering Group, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, 46841-61167 Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Zoheir Heshmatipour
- Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, 46841-61167 Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Arabameri
- Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, 46841-61167 Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mahshad Kamalvand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tissue Engineering Group, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, 46841-61167 Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nazbar
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran
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Gurram S, Jha DK, Shah DS, Kshirsagar MM, Amin PD. Insights on the Critical Parameters Affecting the Probiotic Viability During Stabilization Process and Formulation Development. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:156. [PMID: 34008083 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have gained a lot of interest in recent years as an alternative as well as adjuvant therapy for several conditions owing to their health benefits. These live microorganisms have proven efficacy for treating gut disorders, inflammation, bacterial vaginosis, hepatic and depressive disorders, and many more. There are conventional as well as non-conventional formulations available for the delivery of probiotics with the latter having fewer regulatory guidelines. The conventional formulations include the pharmaceutical formulations specifically designed to deliver an efficacious number of viable microorganisms. Studies have indicated 108-109 CFU/g as an ideal dose of probiotics for achieving health benefits, and hence, all the formulations must at least contain the said number of viable bacteria to show a therapeutic effect. The most crucial feature of probiotic formulations is that the bacteria are prone to several environmental and processing factors which all together reduce the viability of the bacteria in the final formulation. These factors include processing parameters like temperature, humidity, pressure, and storage conditions. Thus, the present review primarily focuses on the critical process parameters affecting the probiotic viability during stabilization process and formulation development. Understanding these factors prior to processing helps in delivering probiotics in the required therapeutic numbers at the target site.
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25
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Gangavadi HP, Bypanahalli SN, Mysore SC, Puttamallappa R, Bekkere GC, Satturu RM, Huchamanadoddi IC. Growth performance, carcass traits and gut health of broiler chickens fed diets incorporated with single cell protein. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1951-1962. [PMID: 33902179 PMCID: PMC8563244 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate single cell protein (SCP), produced from Methylococcus species, as a protein source on the growth performance, carcass traits and gut health of broiler chickens. Methods Ten iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets containing 0 (Control), 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% SCP replacing either soybean meal (T1 to T5) or fish meal (T6 to T10) were formulated. Each diet prepared for starter (0 to 14 days), grower (15 to 21 days), and finisher (22 to 42 days) phases was offered to four replicates of 10 chicks each (n = 400). Growth performance at different phases and carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology on 42nd day of trial were measured. Results Body weight gain in groups fed 2.5% and 5% SCP diets were comparable to control during different phases and cumulatively, however lower (p<0.01) in 7.5% and 10% SCP diets. Feed conversion ratio was better (p<0.01) in 2.5% and 5% SCP diets. Dressing percentage, abdominal fat percentage and meat:bone ratio were not affected (p>0.05) by SCP inclusion in the diets. However, breast percentage was higher (p<0.01) in 2.5% and 5% SCP groups and thigh percentage higher in 7.5% and 10% SCP groups. Total microbial count in duodenum, jejunum and ileum were not affected (p>0.05) by SCP inclusion up to 10% in diets. Duodenal villi length and crypt depth were highest (p<0.01) in group fed 5% SCP diets and lowest in group fed 10% SCP diets. Jejunal villi length and crypt depth as well as ileal villi length were lowest (p<0.01) in group fed 10% SCP diets. Body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and gut health were better (p<0.01) in broilers fed fish meal based diets compared to soybean meal based diets. Conclusion It was concluded that inclusion of SCP up to 5% replacing soybean meal in broiler diets is beneficial in improving growth rate, breast yield and gut health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hombegowda P Gangavadi
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hassan - 573 202, India
| | - Suresh N Bypanahalli
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hassan - 573 202, India
| | - Shivakumar C Mysore
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hassan - 573 202, India
| | - Ravikumar Puttamallappa
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hassan - 573 202, India
| | - Girish C Bekkere
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hassan - 573 202, India
| | - Rudrappa M Satturu
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hassan - 573 202, India
| | - Indresh C Huchamanadoddi
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hassan - 573 202, India
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Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Gegechkori V, Morton DW. The effect of extractive lacto-fermentation on the bioactivity and natural products content of Pittosporum angustifolium (gumbi gumbi) extracts. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1647:462153. [PMID: 33957349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pittosporum angustifolium, known as gumbi gumbi, is a native Australian plant, which has traditionally been used as an Aboriginal medicine. This study investigates the effect of different solvents and extractive fermentation on the content and natural products composition of Pittosporum angustifolium extracts, and compares their antioxidant activity, in vitro α-amylase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory properties. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts was determined by measuring the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. Extracts were characterised with FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, and screened for antioxidant activities and α-amylase inhibitory activity via High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-Effect-directed analysis (EDA) with direct bioautography. HPTLC combined with chemical derivatization and bioassays was used for EDA screening. The results show that lactic acid fermentation of gumbi gumbi leaves boosts the antioxidant activity in extracts by increasing the total phenolic content, but does not affect (increase or decrease) α-amylase inhibitory activity or nitrogen scavenging/anti-inflammatory activity. Analysis of the ATR-FTIR spectra from the band at RF = 0.85 that inhibits α-amylase, suggests that fatty acid esters are responsible for the enzyme inhibition; both saturated fatty acid esters in unfermented extracts and unsaturated fatty acid esters in fermented extracts. The ATR-FTIR spectra of the polyphenolics in fermented extracts (RF = 0.15-0.20) suggests the presence of soluble lignin fragments (i.e. lignins depolymerized into monomers and oligomers during the fermentation process).
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Agatonovic-Kustrin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia.
| | - Vladimir Gegechkori
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - David W Morton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia
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Cannarella LAT, Mari NL, Alcântara CC, Iryioda TMV, Costa NT, Oliveira SR, Lozovoy MAB, Reiche EMV, Dichi I, Simão ANC. Mixture of probiotics reduces inflammatory biomarkers and improves the oxidative/nitrosative profile in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutrition 2021; 89:111282. [PMID: 34111674 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is different from that of healthy individuals and could influence inflammation and oxidative stress. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effects of supplementation with a mixture of probiotics on cytokine plasma levels, inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative/nitrosative stress profile, and Disease Activity Score-28 in people with RA. METHODS A randomized and double-blind placebo-controlled study was carried out with 42 participants with RA divided into two groups-the probiotic group (n = 21), who over 60 d took a daily ingestion of probiotics in a sachet containing 109 CFU/g each of five freeze-dried strains: Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14, Lactobacillus casei Lc-11, Lactococcus lactis Ll-23, Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04 and B. bifidum Bb-06; and the placebo group (n = 21) who over 60 d took a daily ingestion of maltodextrin. RESULTS The probiotic group showed a significant reduction in white blood cell count (P = 0.012) and tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.004) and interleukin 6 plasma levels (P = 0.039). However, no differences were observed in interleukin-10, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ferritin, or Disease Activity Score-28 between the two groups. Regarding oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers, the probiotic group showed lower nitric oxide metabolites (P = 0.004) and higher sulfhydryl group (P = 0.028) and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameters (P = 0.019) than the placebo group. However, lipid hydroperoxide and protein carbonyl did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The mixture of probiotics reduced inflammatory biomarkers and improved the oxidative/nitrosative profile in people with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naiara Lourenço Mari
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sayonara Rangel Oliveira
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marcell Alysson Batisti Lozovoy
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Isaias Dichi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Andréa Name Colado Simão
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
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Raheem A, Liang L, Zhang G, Cui S. Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616713. [PMID: 33897683 PMCID: PMC8060567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and to enhance animal and poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in intestinal microbiota associated with diseases. The application of antibiotics also has many other side effects like, intestinal barrier dysfunction, antibiotics residues in foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compromise the efficacy of antibiotics. Thus, the development of new antibiotics is necessary, while the search for antibiotic alternatives continues. Probiotics are considered the ideal antibiotic substitute; in recent years, probiotic research concerning their application during pathogenic infections in humans, aquaculture, poultry, and livestock industry, with emphasis on modulating the immune system of the host, has been attracting considerable interest. Hence, the adverse effects of antibiotics and remedial effects of probiotics during infectious diseases have become central points of focus among researchers. Probiotics are live microorganisms, and when given in adequate quantities, confer good health effects to the host through different mechanisms. Among them, the regulation of host immune response during pathogenic infections is one of the most important mechanisms. A number of studies have investigated different aspects of probiotics. In this review, we mainly summarize recent discoveries and discuss two important aspects: (1) the application of probiotics during pathogenic infections; and (2) their modulatory effects on the immune response of the host during infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shangjin Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Cosme-Silva L, Dal-Fabbro R, Cintra LTA, Ervolino E, Prado ASD, Oliveira DPD, Marcelos PGCLD, Gomes-Filho JE. Dietary supplementation with multi-strain formula of probiotics modulates inflammatory and immunological markers in apical periodontitis. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210483. [PMID: 33503222 PMCID: PMC7837670 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether probiotics multi-strain formula affects the development of apical periodontitis (AP) induced in rats. Methodology 16 Wistar rats were divided in two groups (n=8): rats with AP fed with regular diet (Control-C (CG)); rats with AP, fed with regular diet and supplemented with multi-strain formula (one billion colony-forming units (CFU)): GNC Probiotic Complex (PCG) (
Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus salivaris, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium animalis
subs. lactis and
Streptococcus thermofilus
). AP was induced in the upper and lower first molars by dental pulp exposure to the oral environment. PCG was administered orally through gavage for 30 days during the AP development. After this period the animals were euthanized and the mandibles were removed and processed for histologic analysis, and immunochemical assays for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1β, RANKL, OPG, and TRAP. The Mann–Whitney U test and Student’s t test were performed (P<.05). Results The CG showed more intense inflammatory infiltrate than the PCG group (P<.05). IL-1β, IL 6 and RANKL decreased in the PCG group compared with CG (P<.05). The IL-10 level increased in the PCG group (P<.05). The OPG level was similar in both groups (P>.05). The number of mature osteoclasts (TRAP-positive multinucleated cells) was lower in PCG group when compared to the CG (P<.05). Conclusion Probiotic Complex modulates inflammation and bone resorption in apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Cosme-Silva
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Maceió, Brasil
| | - Renan Dal-Fabbro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Araçatuba, Brasil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Araçatuba, Brasil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Alana Sant'Ana do Prado
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Araçatuba, Brasil
| | - Daniel Pinto de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Maceió, Brasil
| | | | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Araçatuba, Brasil
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Lee CH, Choi Y, Seo SY, Kim SH, Kim IH, Kim SW, Lee ST, Lee SO. Addition of probiotics to antibiotics improves the clinical course of pneumonia in young people without comorbidities: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:926. [PMID: 33441702 PMCID: PMC7806890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the clinical efficacy of probiotics in pneumonia patients. To this end, we enrolled 80 participants diagnosed with pneumonia at Naval Pohang Hospital, Pohang, Korea, from May 2016 to January 2017. The participants were randomly assigned to the control and probiotic groups depending on whether they received probiotics. All participants clinically improved but 22.6% of the participants complained of abnormal stool habits after pneumonia treatment. In comparison, fever duration was significantly shorter in the probiotic group, and the group exhibited an improved general condition. The probiotic group also showed better stool characteristics according to the Bristol stool scale (P = 0.009). Notably, the serum hs-CRP levels were significantly lower in the probiotic group at 2 weeks of treatment (P = 0.015), and all participants in the probiotic group achieved their levels within the normal range. Flow cytometry was used to analyze T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs were promoted and the Th17 cell/Treg ratio was suppressed after 2 weeks of treatment in the probiotic group (P = 0.007 and 0.037, respectively). This study demonstrated that probiotics improved clinical symptoms and normalized inflammatory biomarker levels in patients with pneumonia. Early infection and inflammation recovery may be due to the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics by facilitating the subset of Tregs and suppressing the Th17 cell/Treg ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Pohang Hospital, Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yunjung Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seung Young Seo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - In Hee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seung Ok Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.
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Effects of Probiotics Supplementation on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and SIBO after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Obes Surg 2020; 31:143-150. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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He Y, Xu R, Wang W, Zhang J, Hu X. Probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotic, Chinese herbal medicine, and fecal microbiota transplantation in irritable bowel syndrome: Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21502. [PMID: 32769886 PMCID: PMC7593021 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disease, with a high global incidence, which seriously influences the quality of life and work efficiency of patients. Extensive research showed that IBS is related to changes in the intestinal microenvironment. The novel treatment strategy targeting the gut microbiota is being actively implemented. Probiotics, antibiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and Chinese Herbal Medicine have been proven to be effective in the treatment of IBS, and all have an impact on the intestinal flora of patients. However, these 5 treatments have their own pros and cons and have not been systematically evaluated and compared. Therefore, this study will indirectly compare the safety and effectiveness of these 5 methods in the treatment of IBS through network meta-analysis. METHODS The following databases including Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov will be retrieved from inception to June 2020 without language restrictions. Literature selection, data extraction, and bias analysis will be done by 2 researchers. The primary outcome is global symptoms improvement. The secondary outcomes will include individual IBS symptom scores, emotional response, and adverse events. The conventional pair-wise meta-analysis will be performed using Stata V.14.0 and be pooled using a random-effects model. We will use WinBUGS V.1.4.3 (Cambridge, United Kingdom) with a Bayesian hierarchical random-effects model to conduct the network meta-analysis. RESULTS This study will provide systematic reviews and indirect network comparison results about treatments of IBS. CONCLUSIONS This study will systematically evaluate and compare 5 intestinal flora-related therapies for IBS and to provide an evidence-based medical decision-making basis for clinicians. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202050047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu city, Sichuan province
| | - Rui Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu city, Sichuan province
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing city, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu city, Sichuan province
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu city, Sichuan province
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Yoo H, Jwa S, Kim D, Ji Y. Inhibitory effect of Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 on halitosis in vitro. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:207-214. [PMID: 32250565 PMCID: PMC7133729 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to observe the antimicrobial activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola as well as the effect on reducing volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS After P. gingivalis and T. denticola were cultured with or without Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18, VSCs were measured by Oral Chroma. In order to analyze the mechanism for malodor control, the antimicrobial activity of S. salivarius K12 and M18 against P. gingivalis and T. denticola was assessed. SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis with the Kruskal-Wallis and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests. Mann-Whitney test was applied for post hoc analysis. RESULTS P. gingivalis and T. denticola VSC levels were reduced by high concentrations of S. salivarius K12 and M18 during coculture. The concentrations were lower than those of single culture (p < .05). An antimicrobial effect was detected on P. gingivalis, and T. denticola by 50% S. salivarius K12 and M18. The spent culture medium and whole bacteria of S. salivarius K12 and M18 reduced the levels of VSCs below the amount in a single culture of P. gingivalis and T. denticola (p < .05). CONCLUSION S. salivarius K12 and M18 decreased the levels of VSCs originating from P. gingivalis and T. denticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Jun Yoo
- Department of Preventive DentistryDankook University College of DentistryRepublic of Korea
| | - Su‐Kyung Jwa
- Department of Dental HygieneUlsan CollegeRepublic of Korea
| | - Da‐Hui Kim
- Department of Preventive DentistryDankook University College of DentistryRepublic of Korea
| | - Yun‐Jeong Ji
- Herbal Crop Utilization Research Team, Department of Herbal Crop ResearchRural Development Administration (RDA)ChungbukRepublic of Korea
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Yadav M, Mandeep, Shukla P. Probiotics of Diverse Origin and Their Therapeutic Applications: A Review. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:469-479. [PMID: 31765283 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1691957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased awareness about the harmful effects of excessive use of antibiotics has created an interest in probiotics due to its beneficial effects on gut microbiota. These advantages of probiotics have attracted researchers to find out effects on human metabolism and their role in the treatment of diverse types of diseases or disorders. Additionally, they are clinically used as biocontrol agents in the treatment of mental disorders, anticancer agents and in decreasing the threat of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. In this review, we have focused on various kinds of probiotics and various nondairy substrates for their production. We have also included the importance of probiotics in the treatment of metabolic disorders, type II diabetes and infectious diseases. Furthermore, this review emphasizes applications of probiotics originated from different organisms. Their future health perspectives are discussed to gain insight into their applications.KEY TEACHING POINTSThe global market of probiotics is enormously rising day by day due to its highly beneficial effect on human microbiota.Additionally, these are used as biocontrol agents; mental disorders prevent cancer and decrease the threat of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants.This review focuses on various kinds of sources of probiotics and various non-dairy substrates for the production of probiotics.The importance of probiotics in the treatment of metabolic disorders, type II diabetes control, cancer and treatment of infectious diseases are also described.It emphasizes diversified probiotics and their applications in various human health aspects and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Mandeep
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Takahashi E, Sawabuchi T, Kimoto T, Sakai S, Kido H. Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 feeding enhances humoral immune responses, which are suppressed by the antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in influenza A virus-infected mice. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9559-9569. [PMID: 31495632 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral neuraminidase inhibitors, such as oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir, are widely used for treatment of influenza virus infection. We reported previously that oseltamivir inhibits the viral growth cycle, ameliorates symptoms, and reduces viral antigen quantities. Suppressed viral antigen production, however, induces a reduction of acquired antiviral humoral immunity, and increases the incidence of re-infection rate in the following year. To achieve effective treatment of influenza virus infection, it is necessary to overcome these adverse effects of antiviral neuraminidase inhibitors. Feeding of yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) OLL1073R-1 is reported to have immune-stimulatory effects on influenza virus infection in mice and humans. In the present study, we assessed the effect of feeding L. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 yogurt cultures (YC) on local and systemic humoral immune responses, which were suppressed by oseltamivir treatment, in mice infected with influenza A virus. Yogurt culture (1.14 × 108 cfu/0.4 mL per mouse per day) or sterile water (vehicle) was administered by intragastric gavage for 35 d. At d 22, influenza A virus/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) (PR8; 0.5 pfu/15 μL per mouse) was instilled intranasally, followed immediately by oral administration of oseltamivir (50 μg/100 μL per mouse, twice daily) or 5% methylcellulose (100 μL/mouse) as a vehicle for 13 d. Titers of anti-PR8-specific IgG and IgA in serum and mucosal secretory IgA (S-IgA) and IgG in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed by ELISA at 14 d after infection. Oseltamivir significantly suppressed the induction of anti-PR8-specific IgG and IgA in serum and S-IgA and IgG in BALF after infection. Feeding YC mildly but significantly stimulated production of PR8-specific IgA in serum, S-IgA in BALF, and IgG in serum without changing the IgG2a:IgG1 ratio. We analyzed the neutralizing activities against PR8 in serum and BALF and found that oseltamivir also reduced protective immunity, and YC feeding abrogated this effect. The immune-stimulatory tendency of YC on anti-PR8-specific IgA and IgG titers in serum and BALF was also detected in mice re-infected with PR8, but the effect was insignificant, unlike the effect of YC in the initial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Takahashi
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-15-18, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - T Sawabuchi
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-15-18, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - T Kimoto
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-15-18, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - S Sakai
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-15-18, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - H Kido
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-15-18, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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Khodaii Z, Zadeh MN, Kamali J, Mehrabani Natanzi M. Enhanced iron absorption from lactic acid fermented bread (an in vivo/ex vivo study). GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lerner A, Shoenfeld Y, Matthias T. Probiotics: If It Does Not Help It Does Not Do Any Harm. Really? Microorganisms 2019; 7:E104. [PMID: 30979072 PMCID: PMC6517882 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics per definition should have beneficial effects on human health, and their consumption has tremendously increased in the last decades. In parallel, the amount of published material and claims for their beneficial efficacy soared continuously. Recently, multiple systemic reviews, meta-analyses, and expert opinions expressed criticism on their claimed effects and safety. The present review describes the dark side of the probiotics, in terms of problematic research design, incomplete reporting, lack of transparency, and under-reported safety. Highlighted are the potential virulent factors and the mode of action in the intestinal lumen, risking the physiological microbiome equilibrium. Finally, regulatory topics are discussed to lighten the heterogeneous guidelines applied worldwide. The shift in the scientific world towards a better understanding of the human microbiome, before consumption of the probiotic cargo, is highly endorsed. It is hoped that better knowledge will extend the probiotic repertoire, re-confirm efficacy or safety, establish their efficacy and substantiate their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- B. Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
- AESKU.KIPP Institute, 55234 Wendelsheim, Germany.
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5262000, Israel.
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Chopade LR, Paradeshi JS, Amrutkar KP, Chaudhari BL. Finding out potent probiotic cultures from ayurvedic formulation Takrarishta through in-vitro probiotic characterization and principal component analysis. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ye H, Li Q, Zhang Z, Sun M, Zhao C, Zhang T. Effect of a novel potential probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei Jlus66 isolated from fermented milk on nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats. Food Funct 2018; 8:4539-4546. [PMID: 29106426 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01108c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Previous evidence indicates that probiotics can be applied as a therapeutic agent for NAFLD. In this study, the potential probiotic strain Lactobacillus paracasei Jlus66 was isolated from natural fermented milk by a culture-dependent method, and its probiotic potentials were tested by established in vitro tests. In addition, the protective effect of Lactobacillus paracasei Jlus66 against NAFLD was evaluated in rat models. Compared with the high-fat-diet (HFD) group, the rats administered with 4 × 1010 cfu Jlus66 had significantly lower body weight gain, serum triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as well as aminotransferase (ALT). Histopathological analysis showed Jlus66 also reduced the level of hepatic triglycerides and steatosis. From the above we conclude that L. paracasei Jlus66 has great potential as a probiotic in protecting from NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Bafna HP, Ajithkrishnan CG, Kalantharakath T, Singh RP, Kalyan P, Vathar JB, Patel HR. Effect of Short-term Consumption of Amul Probiotic Yogurt Containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium Lactis Bb12 on Salivary Streptococcus mutans Count in High Caries Risk Individuals. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2018; 8:111-115. [PMID: 29744324 PMCID: PMC5932918 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_447_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to study the effect of short-term consumption of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on salivary Streptococcus mutans count in high caries risk individuals. Materials and Methods A double-blind randomized control trial was conducted, and 70 high caries risk individuals with a salivary S. mutans count of more than 106 CFU/ml of saliva were followed for 4 weeks. Participants ingested 100 g yogurt containing L. acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 or yogurt without the two probiotic bacteria once daily at the end of meals for initial 2 weeks. Salivary S. mutans were enumerated in the laboratory by selective culture media. Results A statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) of salivary S. mutans was recorded after probiotic yogurt consumption with minimal residual effect, which was in contrast to the controls. Conclusion L. acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 present in the yogurt were effective in reducing the S. mutans levels in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshal Prakash Bafna
- Department of Community Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - C G Ajithkrishnan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Thanveer Kalantharakath
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ITS Dental College, Greater Noida, Muradnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ricky Pal Singh
- ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Dental Research, Muradnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pulkit Kalyan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Hemal R Patel
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Kim BK, Choi IS, Kim J, Han SH, Suh HJ, Hwang JK. Effects of Fermented Milk with Mixed Strains as a Probiotic on the Inhibition of Loperamide-Induced Constipation. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:906-916. [PMID: 29725213 PMCID: PMC5932940 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.6.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of a single bacterium and a mixture of bacteria as probiotics in loperamide-treated animal models, loperamide (3 mg/kg) was administered to SD rats to induce constipation. The individual lactic acid bacterial doses, Enterococcus faecium (EF), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Streptococcus thermophilus (ST), Bifidobacterium bifidum (BB), Bifidobacterium lactis (BL), Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP), and a mixture of the bacteria were orally administered to loperamide-induced constipated rats at a concentration of 108 CFU/kg for 14 days. The weights and water contents of their stools were found to be significantly higher in PP, CKDB (mixture of 5 strains except PP), and CKDBP (CKDB+PP) groups than in the normal (constipation not induced) and the control (constipation-induced) groups (p<0.05). The intestinal transit ratio was significantly higher in all probiotic-treated groups than in the control group, and was the highest in the CKDBP group (p<0.05). The mucosal length and mucus secretion were significantly improved in all probiotic-treated-groups, as compared to that in the control group, and the CKDBP group was found to be the most effective according to immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and total short chain fatty acid content analysis (p<0.05). Lastly, PP, CKDB, and CKDBP showed relatively higher Lactobacillus sp. ratios of 61.94%, 60.31% and 51.94%, respectively, compared to the other groups, based on metagenomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Kook Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 15064, Korea
| | - In Suk Choi
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 15064, Korea
| | - Jihee Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 15064, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Han
- BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology & Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do 15064, Korea.,BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Xie HY, Feng D, Wei DM, Mei L, Chen H, Wang X, Fang F. Probiotics for vulvovaginal candidiasis in non-pregnant women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 11:CD010496. [PMID: 29168557 PMCID: PMC6486023 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010496.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is estimated to be the second most common form of infection after bacterial vaginosis. The ability of probiotics in maintaining and recovering the normal vaginal microbiota, and their potential ability to resist Candidas give rise to the concept of using probiotics for the treatment of VVC. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of probiotics for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in non-pregnant women. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases to October 2017: Sexually Transmitted Infections Cochrane Review Group's Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and eight other databases. We searched in following international resources: World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science and OpenGrey. We checked specialty journals, reference lists of published articles and conference proceedings. We collected information from pharmaceutical companies and experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials (RCT) using probiotics, alone or as adjuvants to conventional antifungal drugs, to treat VVC in non-pregnant women. Trials recruiting women with recurrent VVC, coinfection with other vulvovaginal infections, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive disorders or taking immunosuppressant medication were ineligible for inclusion. Probiotics were included if they were made from single or multiple species and in any preparation type/dosage/route of administration. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trials for eligibility and quality and extracted data. We resolved any disagreements through consensus. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS Ten RCTs (1656 participants) met our inclusion criteria, and pharmaceutical industry funded none of these trials. All trials used probiotics as adjuvant therapy to antifungal drugs. Probiotics increased the rate of short-term clinical cure (risk ratio (RR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 1.24, 695 participants, 5 studies, low quality evidence) and mycological cure (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.10, 969 participants, 7 studies, low quality evidence) and decreased relapse rate at one month (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.68, 388 participants, 3 studies, very low quality evidence). However, this effect did not translate into a higher frequency of long-term clinical cure (one month after treatment: RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.33, 172 participants, 1 study, very low quality evidence; three months after treatment: RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.70, 172 participants, one study, very low quality evidence) or mycological cure (one month after treatment: RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.71, 627 participants, 3 studies, very low quality evidence; three months after treatment: RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.35, 172 participants, one study, very low quality evidence). Probiotics use did not increase the frequency of serious (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.22 to 2.94; 440 participants, 2 studies, low quality evidence). We found no eligible RCTs for outcomes as time to first relapse, need for additional treatment at the end of therapy, patient satisfaction and cost effectiveness. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Low and very low quality evidence shows that, compared with conventional treatment, the use of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy could increases the rate of short-term clinical and mycological cure and decrease the relapse rate at one month but this did not translate into a higher frequency of long-term clinical or mycological cure. Probiotics use does not seem to increase the frequency of serious or non-serious adverse events. There is a need for well-designed RCTs with standardized methodologies, longer follow-up and larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu Xie
- People's Hospital of Deyang CityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNo. 173, Tai Shan North RoadDeyangSichuanChina618000
| | - Dan Feng
- Cheng du Women & Children's Central HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNo. 1617, Riyue AvenueChengduSichuanChina610091
| | - Dong Mei Wei
- West China Second University Hospital, West China Women's and Children's HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNo. 17, Section Three, Ren Min Nan Lu AvenueChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Ling Mei
- West China Second University Hospital, West China Women's and Children's HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNo. 17, Section Three, Ren Min Nan Lu AvenueChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Hui Chen
- West China Second University Hospital, West China Women's and Children's HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNo. 17, Section Three, Ren Min Nan Lu AvenueChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Xun Wang
- West China Second University Hospital, West China Women's and Children's HospitalDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNo. 17, Section Three, Ren Min Nan Lu AvenueChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Fang Fang
- West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyNo. 17, Section Three, Ren Min Nan Lu AvenueChengduSichuanChina610041
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Kim KW, Kang SS, Woo SJ, Park OJ, Ahn KB, Song KD, Lee HK, Yun CH, Han SH. Lipoteichoic Acid of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Attenuates Poly I:C-Induced IL-8 Production in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1827. [PMID: 28983294 PMCID: PMC5613100 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics in livestock feed supplements are considered a replacement for antibiotics that enhance gastrointestinal immunity. Although bacterial cell wall components have been proposed to be associated with probiotic function, little evidence demonstrates that they are responsible for probiotic functions in livestock. The present study demonstrated that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp.LTA) confers anti-inflammatory responses in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2. A synthetic analog of viral double-stranded RNA, poly I:C, dose-dependently induced IL-8 production at the mRNA and protein levels in IPEC-J2 cells. Lp.LTA, but not lipoprotein or peptidoglycan from L. plantarum, exclusively suppressed poly I:C-induced IL-8 production. Compared with LTAs from other probiotic Lactobacillus strains including L. delbrueckii, L. sakei, and L. rhamnosus GG, Lp.LTA had higher potential to suppress poly I:C-induced IL-8 production. Dealanylated or deacylated Lp.LTA did not suppress poly I:C-induced IL-8 production, suggesting that D-alanine and lipid moieties in the Lp.LTA structure were responsible for the inhibition. Furthermore, Lp.LTA attenuated the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 kinase as well as the activation of NF-κB, resulting in decreased IL-8 production. Taken together, these results suggest that Lp.LTA acts as an effector molecule to inhibit viral pathogen-induced inflammatory responses in porcine intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Whun Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Je Woo
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National UniversityJeonju, South Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National UniversityJeonju, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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Leal BES, Prado MR, Grzybowski A, Tiboni M, Koop HS, Scremin LB, Sakuma AC, Takamatsu AA, Santos AFD, Cavalcanti VF, Fontana JD. Potential prebiotic oligosaccharides from aqueous thermopressurized phosphoric acid hydrolysates of microalgae used in treatment of gaseous steakhouse waste. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Harlow BE, Lawrence LM, Harris PA, Aiken GE, Flythe MD. Exogenous lactobacilli mitigate microbial changes associated with grain fermentation (corn, oats, and wheat) by equine fecal microflora ex vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174059. [PMID: 28358885 PMCID: PMC5373581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal grains are often included in equine diets. When starch intake exceeds foregut digestion starch will reach the hindgut, impacting microbial ecology. Probiotics (e.g., lactobacilli) are reported to mitigate GI dysbioses in other species. This study was conducted to determine the effect of exogenous lactobacilli on pH and the growth of amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria. Feces were collected from 3 mature geldings fed grass hay with access to pasture. Fecal microbes were harvested by differential centrifugation, washed, and re-suspended in anaerobic media containing ground corn, wheat, or oats at 1.6% (w/v) starch and one of five treatments: Control (substrate only), L. acidophilus, L. buchneri, L. reuteri, or an equal mixture of all three (107 cells/mL, final concentration). After 24 h of incubation (37°C, 160 rpm), samples were collected for pH and enumerations of total amylolytics, Group D Gram-positive cocci (GPC; Enterococci, Streptococci), lactobacilli, and lactate-utilizing bacteria. Enumeration data were log transformed prior to ANOVA (SAS, v. 9.3). Lactobacilli inhibited pH decline in corn and wheat fermentations (P < 0.0001). Specifically, addition of either L. reuteri or L. acidophilus was most effective at mitigating pH decline with both corn and wheat fermentation, in which the greatest acidification occurred (P < 0.05). Exogenous lactobacilli decreased amylolytics, while increasing lactate-utilizers in corn and wheat fermentations (P < 0.0001). In oat fermentations, L. acidophilus and L. reuteri inhibited pH decline and increased lactate-utilizers while decreasing amylolytics (P < 0.0001). For all substrates, L. reuteri additions (regardless of viability) had the lowest number of GPC and the highest number of lactobacilli and lactate-utilizers (P < 0.05). There were no additive effects when lactobacilli were mixed. Exogenous lactobacilli decreased the initial (first 8 h) rate of starch catalysis when wheat was the substrate, but did not decrease total (24 h) starch utilization in any case. These results indicate that exogenous lactobacilli can impact the microbial community and pH of cereal grain fermentations by equine fecal microflora ex vivo. Additionally, dead (autoclaved) exogenous lactobacilli had similar effects as live lactobacilli on fermentation. This latter result indicates that the mechanism by which lactobacilli impact other amylolytic bacteria is not simple resource competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Harlow
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, United States of America
| | - Laurie M Lawrence
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, United States of America
| | - Patricia A Harris
- Equine Studies Group, WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Glen E Aiken
- Forage Animal Production Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lexington KY, United States of America
| | - Michael D Flythe
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY, United States of America.,Forage Animal Production Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Lexington KY, United States of America
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Park JS, Joe I, Rhee PD, Jeong CS, Jeong G. A lactic acid bacterium isolated from kimchi ameliorates intestinal inflammation in DSS-induced colitis. J Microbiol 2017; 55:304-310. [PMID: 28124779 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-6447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Some species of lactic acid bacteria have been shown to be beneficial in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the present study, a strain of lactic acid bacterium (Lactobacillus paracasei LS2) was isolated from the Korean food, kimchi, and was shown to inhibit the development of experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). To investigate the role of LS2 in IBD, mice were fed DSS in drinking water for seven days along with LS2 bacteria which were administered intragastrically to some of the mice, while phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered to others (the controls). The administration of LS2 reduced body weight loss and increased survival, and disease activity indexes (DAI) and histological scores indicated that the severity of colitis was significantly reduced. The production of inflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity also decreased. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the number of Th1 (IFN-γ) population cells was significantly reduced in the LS2-administered mice compared with the controls. The administration of LS2 induced the increase of CD4+FOXP3+ Treg cells, which are responsible for IL-10. Numbers of macrophages (CD11b+ F4/80+), and neutrophils (CD11b+ Gr-1+) among lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) were also reduced. These results indicate that LS2 has an anti-inflammatory effect and ameliorates DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Soo Park
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Inseong Joe
- Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering, Needham, MA, USA
| | - Paul Dong Rhee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gajin Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Li S, Dai S, Shah NP. Sulfonation and Antioxidative Evaluation of Polysaccharides from Pleurotus Mushroom and Streptococcus thermophilus Bacteria: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:282-294. [PMID: 33371533 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human beings are equipped with antioxidant defense systems to neutralize free radicals as free radicals could damage macromolecules, subsequently resulting in serious diseases. Researchers have been attracted to search for potential natural antioxidants to reduce oxidative damage. Pleurotus and Streptococcus thermophilus have been chosen as sources of sustainable bioactive compounds that have been consumed for thousands of years. Polysaccharides are important bioactive components produced by Pleurotus mushrooms and Streptococcus thermophilus bacteria. Additionally, there is a continued interest in sulfonation of crude polysaccharides from both sources, since sulfonation has been found to improve or create new bioactive properties in polysaccharides. Both crude and sulfated polysaccharides with good antioxidant capacities have great potential for the further development as commercial products. This review focuses on characterization, sulfonation methods, and antioxidant capacity evaluations of polysaccharides from Pleurotus and S. thermophilus. Common antioxidant capacity assays, including the mechanisms underlying each assay, and various experimental procedures are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqian Li
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd., Hong Kong
| | - Shuhong Dai
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd., Hong Kong
| | - Nagendra Prasad Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The Univ. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Rd., Hong Kong
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48
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Olaya Galán NN, Ulloa Rubiano JC, Velez Reyes FA, Fernandez Duarte KP, Salas Cárdenas SP, Gutierrez Fernandez MF. In vitro antiviral activity of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium adolescentis against rotavirus infection monitored by NSP4 protein production. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1041-51. [PMID: 26801008 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the antiviral activity of four probiotic metabolites (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacetrium species) against rotavirus in vitro infection monitored by the NSP4 protein production and Ca(2+) release. METHODS AND RESULTS The antiviral effect of the metabolites was performed due a comparison between a blocking model and an intracelullar model on MA104 cells, with the response of NSP4 production and Ca(2+) liberation measured by flow cytometry. Significant results were obtained with the metabolites of Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in the reduction of the protein production (P = 0·04 and P = 0·014) and Ca(2+) liberation (P = 0·094 and P = 0·020) in the intracellular model, which suggests a successful antiviral activity against RV infection. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that probiotic metabolites were able to interfere with the final amount of intracellular NSP4 protein and a successful Ca(2+) regulation, which suggests a new approach to the mechanism exerted by probiotics against the rotavirus infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A novel anti-rotaviral effect exerted by probiotic metabolites monitored by the NSP4 protein during the RV in vitro infection and the effect on the Ca(2+) release is reported; suggesting a reduction on the impact of the infection by decreasing the damage of the cells preventing the electrolyte loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Olaya Galán
- Laboratorio de Virología, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J C Ulloa Rubiano
- Laboratorio de Virología, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - F A Velez Reyes
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - K P Fernandez Duarte
- Laboratorio de Virología, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S P Salas Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Virología, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M F Gutierrez Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Virología, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Weissella cibaria CMU and Probiotic Strains for Oral Care. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121752. [PMID: 27999400 PMCID: PMC6274271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been demonstrated as a new paradigm to substitute antibiotic treatment for dental caries, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis. The present work was conducted to compare the characteristics of oral care probiotics: Weissella cibaria CMU (Chonnam Medical University) and four commercial probiotic strains. Survival rates under poor oral conditions, acid production, hydrogen peroxide production, as well as inhibition of biofilm formation, coaggregation, antibacterial activity, and inhibition of volatile sulfur compounds were evaluated. The viability of W. cibaria CMU was not affected by treatment of 100 mg/L lysozyme for 90 min and 1 mM hydrogen peroxide for 6 h. Interestingly, W. cibaria produced less acid and more hydrogen peroxide than the other four probiotics. W. cibaria inhibited biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans at lower concentrations (S. mutans/CMU = 8) and efficiently coaggregated with Fusobacterium nucleatum. W. cibaria CMU and two commercial probiotics, including Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus reuteri, showed high antibacterial activities (>97%) against cariogens (S. mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus), and against periodontopathogens (F. nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis). All of the lactic acid bacterial strains in this study significantly reduced levels of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan produced by F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis (p < 0.05). These results suggest that W. cibaria CMU is applicable as an oral care probiotic.
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Searching for the Perfect Homeostasis: Five Strains of Bifidobacterium longum From Centenarians Have a Similar Behavior in the Production of Cytokines. J Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 50 Suppl 2, Proceedings from the 8th Probiotics, Prebiotics & New Foods for Microbiota and Human Health meeting held in Rome, Italy on September 13-15, 2015:S126-S130. [PMID: 27741155 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GOALS To investigate the modulation of human cytokines by Bifidobacterium longum strains isolated from Centenarians. In particular, we measured the production of interleukin (IL)-12p70, interferon-γ, IL-17A, and IL-4 from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimulation with live bacteria. BACKGROUND Probiotics may inhibit pathogens and modulate the immune system, bringing a beneficial effect on human health. Among the probiotic strains, bifidobacteria play a key role in the maturation of the host's immune system. At present, only a few comparative data are available on the effects of bifidobacteria associations on cytokine production. STUDY Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, cultured, and stimulated (ratio 1:1) with B. longum DLBL07, B. longum DLBL08, B. longum DLBL09, B. longum DLBL10, or B. longum DLBL11, either alone or in association. Cytokine production was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Both the B. longum DLBL mixture and the individual B. longum DLBL strains induced similar levels of IL-4, interferon-γ, and IL-17A. Under all conditions tested, no IL-12p70 release was detected. CONCLUSIONS The fact that B. longum strains were obtained from Centenarians suggests a perfect homeostasis between this specific species and the host. Moreover all the B. longum strains from Centenarians used in our study share some biological similarities.
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