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Grath A, Dai G. SOX17/ETV2 improves the direct reprogramming of adult fibroblasts to endothelial cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100732. [PMID: 38503291 PMCID: PMC10985233 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
An autologous source of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is valuable for vascular regeneration and tissue engineering without the concern of immune rejection. The transcription factor ETS variant 2 (ETV2) has been shown to directly convert patient fibroblasts into vascular EC-like cells. However, reprogramming efficiency is low and there are limitations in EC functions, such as eNOS expression. In this study, we directly reprogram adult human dermal fibroblasts into reprogrammed ECs (rECs) by overexpressing SOX17 in conjunction with ETV2. We find several advantages to rEC generation using this approach, including improved reprogramming efficiency, increased enrichment of EC genes, formation of large blood vessels carrying blood from the host, and, most importantly, expression of eNOS in vivo. From these results, we present an improved method to reprogram adult fibroblasts into functional ECs and posit ideas for the future that could potentially further improve the reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grath
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Imamura S, Miyata M, Ogawa M, Oketani N, Hamasaki S, Hirahara N, Ninomiya Y, Ohishi M. Effect of Oral Care on Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Int Heart J 2024; 65:386-394. [PMID: 38825489 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23-553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common chronic infection and is associated with cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated whether basic oral care for periodontal disease could improve endothelial function in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).This study enrolled 54 patients with acute coronary syndrome admitted to Kagoshima City Hospital and who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilatation (FMD) was measured before discharge (initial FMD) and at 8 months after percutaneous coronary intervention (follow-up FMD). The following periodontal characteristics were measured: periodontal pocket depth (PPD, mm), plaque control record (%), and bleeding on probing (%). All patients received basic oral care instructions from dentists. The oral health condition was generally poor in the participants and there were 24 patients (44.4%) who had severe PPD. Despite the intervention of basic oral care, the periodontal characteristics did not improve during the study period; initial FMD and follow-up FMD did not significantly differ (4.38 ± 2.74% versus 4.56 ± 2.51%, P = 0.562). However, the follow-up FMD was significantly lower in patients with severe PPD (≥ 6.0 mm, n = 24) than in patients without severe PPD (≤ 5.0 mm, n = 30) (FMD: 3.58 ± 1.91% versus 5.37 ± 2.67%, P = 0.007). FMD tended to be worse in patients with severe PPD than in patients without severe PPD (ΔFMD: -0.55 ± 2.12 versus 0.81 ± 2.77 %, P = 0.055). In conclusion, during the use of basic oral care, endothelial function improved in patients without severe PPD, while it worsened in patients with severe PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaaki Miyata
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuichi Ninomiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
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Shechter M, Natanzon SS, Lerman A, Cohn H, Prasad M, Goitein O, Goldkorn R, Naroditsky M, Koren-Morag N, Matetzky S. Endothelial function predicts 5-year adverse outcome in patients hospitalized in an emergency department chest pain unit. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:729-736. [PMID: 37222628 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although endothelial function is a marker for cardiovascular risk, endothelial dysfunction assessment is not routinely used in daily clinical practice. A growing challenge has emerged in identifying patients prone to cardiovascular events. We aim to investigate whether abnormal endothelial function may be associated with adverse 5-year outcomes in patients presenting to a chest pain unit (CPU). METHODS Following endothelial function testing using EndoPAT 2000 in 300 consecutive patients without a history of coronary artery disease, patients underwent coronary computerized tomographic angiography (CCTA) or single-photon emission computed tomography according to availability. RESULTS Mean 10-year Framingham risk score (FRS) was 6.6 ± 5.9%; mean 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk was 7.1 ± 7.2%; median reactive hyperemia index (RHI) as a measure of an endothelial function 2.0 and mean was 2.0 ± 0.4. During a 5-year follow-up, the 30 patients who developed major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure or angina pectoris, stroke, coronary artery bypass grafting, and percutaneous coronary interventions, had higher 10-year FRS (9.6 ± 7.8 vs. 6.3 ± 5.6%; P = 0.032), higher 10-year ASCVD risk (10.4 ± 9.2 vs. 6.7 ± 6.9%; P = 0.042), lower baseline RHI (1.6 ± 0.5 vs. 2.1 ± 0.4; P < 0.001) and a greater degree of coronary atherosclerotic lesions (53 vs. 3%, P < 0.001) on CCTA compared with patients without MACE. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that RHI below the median was an independent predictor of 5-year MACE (odds ratio 5.567, 95% confidence interval 1.955-15.853; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that noninvasive endothelial function testing may contribute to clinical efficacy in triaging patients in the CPU and in predicting 5-year MACE. CLINICAL TRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT01618123.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shechter
- Leviev Heart and Vascular Center
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Shalom Natanzon
- Leviev Heart and Vascular Center
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and College of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | - Herold Cohn
- Leviev Heart and Vascular Center
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Megha Prasad
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and College of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | - Orly Goitein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ronen Goldkorn
- Leviev Heart and Vascular Center
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Naroditsky
- Leviev Heart and Vascular Center
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nira Koren-Morag
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomi Matetzky
- Leviev Heart and Vascular Center
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Sposito AC, Breder I, Barreto J, Breder J, Bonilha I, Lima M, Oliveira A, Wolf V, Luchiari B, do Carmo HR, Munhoz D, Oliveira D, Coelho-Filho OR, Coelho OR, Matos-Souza JR, Moura FA, de Carvalho LSF, Nadruz W, Quinaglia T, Kimura-Medorima ST. Evolocumab on top of empagliflozin improves endothelial function of individuals with diabetes: randomized active-controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:147. [PMID: 35933413 PMCID: PMC9356512 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) improve endothelial dysfunction and reduce cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9i) inhibitors reduce cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. Whether the addition of PCSK9i to SGLT2i treatment adds benefits is not known. OBJECTIVES To assess the PCSK9-i effect on the endothelial function of T2D individuals under treatment with SGLT2-i. METHODS Individuals with T2D were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to a 16-week treatment with either empagliflozin (E) or empagliflozin plus evolocumab (EE). The primary endpoint was post-treatment change from baseline in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at 1-min. Secondary outcomes included changes in plasma levels of nitric oxide metabolites and isoprostane. RESULTS A total of 110 patients were enrolled, the mean age was 58 years, and 71% were men. The median post-treatment change in FMD at 1-min was 2.7% (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.9%) and 0.4% (IQR: 0.9%) in the EE and E groups, respectively (p < 0.001). There was a greater increase in plasma levels of nitrate [5.9 (16.5) vs. 2.6 (11.8); p = 0.001] and nitrite [0.14 (0.72) vs. 0.02 (0.74); p = 0.025] in the EE group than in the E group, respectively. Isoprostane reduction was more pronounced in the EE group when compared to the E group [-1.7 (5.9) vs. -1.1 (5.3); p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In individuals with T2D, the addition of evolocumab on top of empagliflozin improves endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei C Sposito
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil.
- Brazilian Heart Study Group, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil.
| | - Ikaro Breder
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Barreto
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Jessica Breder
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Isabella Bonilha
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lima
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Oliveira
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Vaneza Wolf
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Luchiari
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Helison R do Carmo
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Daniel Munhoz
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Daniela Oliveira
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Otavio R Coelho-Filho
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Otavio R Coelho
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Jose Roberto Matos-Souza
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Filipe A Moura
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Luiz Sergio F de Carvalho
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Thiago Quinaglia
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Sheila T Kimura-Medorima
- Division of Cardiology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
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Ren Y, Tong E, Di C, Zhang Y, Xu L, Tan X, Yang L. Association Between ABCA1 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Hypertension in the Chinese Han Population. Front Public Health 2022; 10:878610. [PMID: 35669754 PMCID: PMC9163321 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.878610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is rising as a major public health burden around the world. This study explored the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-Binding Cassette Subfamily A1 (ABCA1) gene and hypertension among Chinese Han adults. Method A total of 2,296 Han Chinese in southeast China were recruited for this study. We collected medical reports, lifestyle details, and blood samples from individuals. The polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method was used to detect the genotypes of these SNPs in the ABCA1 gene. Results After adjusting some covariates, the additive and recessive models of the rs2472510 and rs2515614 were significantly associated with hypertension. The haplotypes TCTA (rs2297406-rs2472433-rs2472510-rs2515614) were associated with high SBP, and the haplotypes CCTA, TCTA, and TTTA were associated with high diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Conclusion The results of the relationship between the polymorphisms of rs2297406, rs2472433, rs2472510, and rs2515614 in ABCA1 and hypertension in southeastern China would provide a theoretical basis for genetic screening and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Ren
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enyu Tong
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Di
- Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunheng Zhang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangwen Xu
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Tan
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Lei Yang
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Li Y, Zhang Q, Di Zhang, Cai Q, Fan J, Venners SA, Jiang S, Li J, Xu X. The effect of ABCA1 gene DNA methylation on blood pressure levels in a Chinese hyperlipidemic population. J Hum Hypertens 2021; 35:1139-1148. [PMID: 33462393 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-00479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important public health challenge worldwide. Epigenetic studies are providing novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of hypertension. We investigated the effect of DNA methylation in ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) gene on blood pressure levels in a Chinese hyperlipidemic population. We randomly selected 211 individuals with hyperlipidemia who had not received any lipid-lowering treatment at baseline from our previous statin pharmacogenetics study (n = 734). DNA methylation loci at the ABCA1 gene were measured by MethylTarget, a next generation bisulfite sequencing-based multiple targeted cytosine-guanine dinucleotide methylation analysis method. Mean DNA methylation level was used in statistical analysis. In all subjects, higher mean ABCA1_B methylation was positively associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = 8.27, P = 0.008; β = 8.78, P = 0.005) and explained 2.7% and 5.8% of SBP variation before and after adjustment for lipids, respectively. We further divided all patients into three groups based on the tertile of body mass index (BMI) distribution. In the middle tertile of BMI, there was a significantly positive relationship between mean ABCA1_A methylation and SBP (β = 0.89, P = 0.003) and DBP (β = 0.32, P = 0.030). Mean ABCA1_A methylation explained 11.0% of SBP variation and 5.3% of DBP variation, respectively. Furthermore, mean ABCA1_A methylation (β = 0.79; P = 0.007) together with age and gender explained up to 24.1% of SBP variation. Our study provides new evidence that the ABCA1 DNA methylation profile is associated with blood pressure levels, which highlights that DNA methylation might be a significant molecular mechanism involved in the pathophysiological process of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Qianru Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Juanlin Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Scott A Venners
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Shanqun Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China. .,Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiping Xu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,National Clinical Research Study Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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MacDonald CJ, Madika AL, Bonnet F, Fagherazzi G, Lajous M, Boutron-Ruault MC. Cholesterol and Egg Intakes, and Risk of Hypertension in a Large Prospective Cohort of French Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051350. [PMID: 32397298 PMCID: PMC7285051 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The relationship between egg and cholesterol intakes, and cardiovascular disease is controversial. Meta-analyses indicate that egg consumption is associated with increased cardiovascular disease and mortality, but reduced incidence of hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aims to investigate the associations between consumption of egg and cholesterol, and hypertension risk in a cohort of French women. Methods: We used data from the E3N cohort study, a French prospective population-based study initiated in 1990. From the women in the study, we included those who completed a detailed diet history questionnaire, and who did not have prevalent hypertension or cardiovascular disease at baseline, resulting in 46,424 women. Hypertension cases were self-reported. Egg and cholesterol intake was estimated from dietary history questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard models with time-updated exposures were used to calculate hazard ratios. Spline regression was used to determine any dose–respondent relationship. Results: During 885,321 person years, 13,161 cases of incident hypertension were identified. Higher cholesterol consumption was associated with an increased risk of hypertension: HRQ1–Q5 = 1.22 [1.14:1.30], with associations similar regarding egg consumption up to seven eggs per week: HR4–7 eggs = 1.14 [1.06:1.18]. Evidence for a non-linear relationship between hypertension and cholesterol intake was observed. Conclusions: Egg and cholesterol intakes were associated with a higher risk of hypertension in French women. These results merit further investigation in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor-James MacDonald
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (C.-J.M.); (A.-L.M.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Anne-Laure Madika
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (C.-J.M.); (A.-L.M.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, EA 2694-Santé publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (C.-J.M.); (A.-L.M.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Rennes1, F-35043 Rennes, France
- Department of endocrinology diabetes and nutrition, CHU Rennes, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (C.-J.M.); (A.-L.M.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Martin Lajous
- Center for Research on Population Health, INSP (Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública), Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U1018, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France; (C.-J.M.); (A.-L.M.); (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-42116466
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Mundi S, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Iruela-Arispe ML, De Caterina R. Endothelial permeability, LDL deposition, and cardiovascular risk factors-a review. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:35-52. [PMID: 29228169 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early atherosclerosis features functional and structural changes in the endothelial barrier function that affect the traffic of molecules and solutes between the vessel lumen and the vascular wall. Such changes are mechanistically related to the development of atherosclerosis. Proatherogenic stimuli and cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidaemias, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, all increase endothelial permeability sharing a common signalling denominator: an imbalance in the production/disposal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), broadly termed oxidative stress. Mostly as a consequence of the activation of enzymatic systems leading to ROS overproduction, proatherogenic factors lead to a pro-inflammatory status that translates in changes in gene expression and functional rearrangements, including changes in the transendothelial transport of molecules, leading to the deposition of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and the subsequent infiltration of circulating leucocytes in the intima. In this review, we focus on such early changes in atherogenesis and on the concept that proatherogenic stimuli and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, by altering the endothelial barrier properties, co-ordinately trigger the accumulation of LDL in the intima and ultimately plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Mundi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marial Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, 90095, Los Angeles, USA; and
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D'Annunzio, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Dyslipidemia induced inflammatory status, platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction in rabbits: Protective role of 10-Dehydrogingerdione. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:456-464. [PMID: 30530048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
10-Dehydrogingerdione is a novel cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor of natural origin. Some synthetic CETP inhibitors have recently been reported to suppress proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Therefore, the present study aimed mainly to clarify the effect of 10-Dehydrogingerdione on cellular adhesion inflammatory molecules, platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction markers in addition to PCSK9 as compared to atorvastatin in dyslipidemic rabbits. Dyslipidemia was induced in 30 male rabbits, distributed in 3 equal groups through feeding dietary cholesterol (0.5% w/w) for 3 months. Two dyslipidemic groups were concurrently treated with either atorvastatin or 10-Dehydrogingerdione (10 mg/kg/ day, p.o) and dietary cholesterol. One additional group including 10 normal rabbits fed normal diet served as normal control (NC) group. Both 10-Dehydrogingerdione and atorvastatin significantly reduced serum CETP level and activity as well as PCSK9 and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels but increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels as compared to dyslipidemic control (DC) rabbits (p < 0.001). Both treatments also induced a marked decrease in the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) levels, inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as atherogenic and coronary risk indexes in addition to aortic atheromatous changes and intima/media ratio, respectively as compared to the DC group (p < 0.001). The reduction in these markers showed a significant correlation with PCSK9 suppression and CETP inhibitory effect. Interestingly, 10-Dehydrogingerdione exerted a greater ameliorative potential regarding these biomarkers than atorvastatin. Our findings suggest that 10-Dehydrogingerdione is a promising PCSK9 inhibitor with a significant protective value against many atherosclerotic risk factors.
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10
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Shechter M, Matetzky S, Prasad M, Goitein O, Goldkorn R, Naroditsky M, Koren-Morag N, Lerman A. Endothelial function predicts 1-year adverse clinical outcome in patients hospitalized in the emergency department chest pain unit. Int J Cardiol 2017; 240:14-19. [PMID: 28477961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial function is a marker for cardiovascular risk. Thus, abnormal endothelial function may be associated with adverse 1-year outcome in patients presenting to the emergency department chest pain unit (CPU). METHODS Following endothelial function testing, using EndoPAT 2000 in 300 consecutive subjects with chest pain and no history of coronary artery disease (CAD) presenting to CPU, patients underwent coronary computerized tomographic angiography (CCTA) or single-photon emission computed tomography according to availability. RESULTS Mean 10-year Framingham risk score (FRS) was 6.6±5.9%, median reactive hyperemia index (RHI) as a measure of endothelial function 2.08 and mean was 2.0±0.4. During a 1-year follow-up, the 20 (6.6%) patients who developed major adverse cardiovascular end-points (MACE), including all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure or angina pectoris, stroke, coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary interventions, had higher 10-year FRS (10.5±8.2% vs 6.3±5.7%; p<0.001), lower baseline RHI (1.43±0.41 vs 2.10±0.44; p<0.001) and a greater extent of coronary atherosclerosis lesions (70% vs 3.9%, p<0.001) in the CPU CCTA, compared to those without MACE. RHI≤the median was associated with higher 1-year MACE (13% vs 0.7%, p<0.001) compared to RHI>the median. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that RHI≤the median is an independent predictor of coronary atherosclerosis lesions in the CPU CCTA (OR 5.98, 95% CI 03.29-10.88; p<0.001) and 1-year MACE (OR 15.207, 95% CI 2.00-115.33; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that non-invasive endothelial function testing may have clinical utility in triaging patients in the CPU and in predicting 1-year MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shechter
- Leviev Heart Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Shlomi Matetzky
- Leviev Heart Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Megha Prasad
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and College of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | - Orly Goitein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronen Goldkorn
- Leviev Heart Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Naroditsky
- Leviev Heart Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nira Koren-Morag
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic and College of Medicine, Rochester, USA
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11
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Effect of a plant sterol-enriched spread on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e44. [PMID: 28620471 PMCID: PMC5465806 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant sterols (PS) lower LDL-cholesterol, an established risk factor for CHD. Endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation are two important features in the development of atherosclerosis. Whether PS affect biomarkers of endothelial function and low-grade inflammation is not well studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of regular intake of PS on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, which was primarily designed to investigate the effect of PS intake on vascular function (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01803178), 240 hypercholesterolaemic but otherwise healthy men and women consumed a low-fat spread with added PS (3 g/d) or a placebo spread for 12 weeks. Endothelial dysfunction biomarkers (both vascular and intracellular adhesion molecules 1 and soluble endothelial-selectin) and low-grade inflammation biomarkers (C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) were measured using a multi-array detection system based on electrochemiluminescence technology. Biomarkers were combined using z-scores. Differences in changes from baseline between the PS and the placebo groups were assessed. The intake of PS did not significantly change the individual biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation. The z-scores for endothelial dysfunction (−0·02; 95 % CI −0·15, 0·11) and low-grade inflammation (−0·04; 95 % CI −0·16, 0·07) were also not significantly changed after PS intake compared with placebo. In conclusion, biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation were not affected by regular intake of 3 g/d PS for 12 weeks in hypercholesterolaemic men and women.
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12
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Zhou MS, Adam A, Raij L. Review: Interaction among angiotensin II, nitric oxide and oxidative stress. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 2:S59-S63. [DOI: 10.1177/14703203010020011001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Department of Veterans
Affairs Medical Center, and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,
USA
| | - Ahmed Adam
- Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Department of Veterans
Affairs Medical Center, and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,
USA
| | - Leopoldo Raij
- Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Department of Veterans
Affairs Medical Center, and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,
USA,
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13
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Öngen B, Kalkan Uçar S, Levent E, Azarsız E, Koloğlu T, Çoker M, Sözmen E, Sağın FG. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2: a new marker to determine cardiovascular risk in hypercholesterolemic dyslipidaemic children. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; 54:539-547. [DOI: 10.1177/0004563216671338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammation and hypercholesterolaemia contribute to atherosclerotic changes which can start in childhood. Children with hyperlipidaemias are at high risk for early coronary atherosclerosis. This study evaluates the relationship between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and flow-mediated dilatation in hypercholesterolaemic dyslipidaemic children. Methods We performed a case–control study consisting of 43 cases, aged 2 to 17 years, and 24 age-matched controls. Fasting blood samples were obtained from both groups for the measurement of a lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides) and Lp-PLA2 in mass units. The latter was determined with a turbidimetric immunoassay method (PlacTest, DiaDexus Inc.) applied to an automated analyser. CIMT and flow-mediated dilatation measurements were undertaken by a paediatric cardiologist, using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Results Total cholesterol, LDL-C and Lp-PLA2 concentrations were significantly higher in the cases than in the controls ( p < 0.001 for all three parameters). While CIMT values were also significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls ( P = 0.001), flow-mediated dilatation values were significantly lower ( P = 0.001). We found positive correlations between Lp-PLA2 and total cholesterol ( r = 0.41, P = 0.001), Lp-PLA2 and LDL-C ( r = 0.36, P = 0.004), Lp-PLA2 and CIMT ( r = 0.44, P = 0.019) and LDL-C and CIMT ( r = 0.41, P = 0.032); there were negative correlations between Lp-PLA2 and flow-mediated dilatation ( r = −0.15, P = 0.045), total cholesterol and flow-mediated dilatation ( r = −0.45, P = 0.017), LDL-C and flow-mediated dilatation ( r = −0.51, P = 0.006) and CIMT and flow-mediated dilatation ( r = −0.45, P = 0.016). Conclusion Lp-PLA2 concentrations are significantly elevated in hypercholesterolaemic dyslipidaemic children. Given the association of Lp-PLA2 with markers of atherosclerosis (total cholesterol, LDL-C, CIMT and flow-mediated dilatation), the finding of increased concentrations of Lp-PLA2 could be used to identify early atherosclerotic changes in hypercholesterolaemic dyslipidaemic children and may inform their clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belkız Öngen
- Department of Biochemistry, Acibadem Laboratories, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Kalkan Uçar
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ertürk Levent
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Azarsız
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Turan Koloğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kilis State Hospital, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Çoker
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eser Sözmen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferhan G Sağın
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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14
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Wu YE, Zhang CL, Zhen Q. Metabolic syndrome in children (Review). Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2390-2394. [PMID: 27698739 PMCID: PMC5038558 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, including central obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and increased blood pressure. The prevalence of MetS is on the increase worldwide owing to the epidemic of overweight and obesity. The risk of prevalence of MetS greatly increases during adulthood for those children exposed to cardiometabolic risk factors in their early lives. MetS has also been associated with liver fat accumulation in children. Elevated levels of plasma alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase have been associated with liver fat accumulation. The present review aimed to expand knowledge on the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors responsible for the widespread occurrence of metabolic disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-E Wu
- Department of Respiration, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Chong-Lin Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhen
- Department of Respiration, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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15
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Eivers SB, Kinsella BT. Regulated expression of the prostacyclin receptor (IP) gene by androgens within the vasculature: Combined role for androgens and serum cholesterol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1333-51. [PMID: 27365208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prostanoid prostacyclin plays a key cardioprotective role within the vasculature. There is increasing evidence that androgens may also confer cardioprotection but through unknown mechanisms. This study investigated whether the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) may regulate expression of the prostacyclin/I prostanoid receptor or, in short, the IP in platelet-progenitor megakaryoblastic and vascular endothelial cells. DHT significantly increased IP mRNA and protein expression, IP-induced cAMP generation and promoter (PrmIP)-directed gene expression in all cell types examined. The androgen-responsive region was localised to a cis-acting androgen response element (ARE), which lies in close proximity to a functional sterol response element (SRE) within the core promoter. In normal serum conditions, DHT increased IP expression through classic androgen receptor (AR) binding to the functional ARE within the PrmIP. However, under conditions of low-cholesterol, DHT led to further increases in IP expression through an indirect mechanism involving AR-dependent upregulation of SCAP expression and enhanced SREBP1 processing & binding to the SRE within the PrmIP. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed DHT-induced AR binding to the ARE in vivo in cells cultured in normal serum while, in conditions of low cholesterol, DHT led to increased AR and SREBP1 binding to the functional ARE and SRE cis-acting elements, respectively, within the core PrmIP resulting in further increases in IP expression. Collectively, these data establish that the human IP gene is under the transcriptional regulation of DHT, where this regulation is further influenced by serum-cholesterol levels. This may explain, in part, some of the protective actions of androgens within the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Eivers
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - B Therese Kinsella
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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16
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Castiglione RC, Barros CMMR, Boa BCS, Bouskela E. Microcirculatory effects of zinc on fructose-fed hamsters. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:310-317. [PMID: 26817936 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fructose is a major dietary component directly related to vascular dysfunction and diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Zinc is considered a non-pharmacological alternative for treating diabetes due to its antioxidant and hyperglycemia-lowering effects in diabetic animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary zinc supplementation on the microcirculatory parameters of fructose-fed hamsters. METHODS AND RESULTS Male hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were fed drinking water substituted by 10% fructose solution for 60 days, whereas control animals were fed drinking water alone. Their microcirculatory function was evaluated using cheek pouch preparation, as well as their blood glucose and serum insulin levels. Their microcirculatory responses to acetylcholine (ACh, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator) and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an endothelium-independent vasodilator) as well as the increase in macromolecular permeability induced by 30 min of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) were noted. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly increased in control animals with high zinc supplementation compared to the groups without zinc supplementation. Zinc was able to protect against plasma leakage induced by I/R in all control and fructose-fed groups, although the microvascular permeability was higher in animals fed drinking water substituted by 10% fructose solution compared to those fed filtered drinking water alone. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that dietary zinc supplementation can improve microvascular dysfunction by increasing endothelial-dependent dilatation and reducing the increase in macromolecular permeability induced by I/R in fructose-fed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Castiglione
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil.
| | - C M M R Barros
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - B C S Boa
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - E Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhan WW, Wu YJ, Zhao B, Zhou WG, Chen DR, Zhou W, Liu ZH, Jiang WM, Zheng L. Correlation between Echo-Tracking Parameters and In Vitro Measurements of Arterial Contraction and Relaxation in Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:2933-42. [PMID: 26420461 PMCID: PMC4596455 DOI: 10.12659/msm.894032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echo-tracking (ET) is a new technique that allows the assessment of arterial function and stiffness. This study aimed to ascertain the utility of the echo-tracking (ET) technique to assess vascular stiffness in rats with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS ET was used to measure the arterial stiffness of the aorta in cholesterol-fed Sprague-Dawley rats (group T1, n=10, for 4 weeks; group T2, n=10, for 12 weeks) and normal control rats (group C1, n=10; group C2, n=10). In vitro isometric tension experiments were used to measure the maximum contractile tension (MCT) and maximum relaxation percentage (MRR%) of aortic rings. Indicators of arterial stiffness and aortic MCT and MRR% were compared between groups using linear regression analysis. Light microscopic evaluation was used to demonstrate atherosclerotic changes in the aorta. RESULTS The rat models were successfully induced; pathological examination of the aortas showed significant atherosclerosis in group T2, but not in groups C1, C2, or T1. The arterial stiffness parameters obtained using ET and aortic rings in vitro showed significant impairments in T1 and T2 rats compared with C1 and C2 controls (all P<0.05 vs. controls). In addition, these impairments were greater in the T2 group than in the T1 group (all P<0.05). Finally, MRR% correlated with the distensibility coefficient (r=0.396, P=0.012), arterial compliance (r=0.317, P=0.047), stiffness parameter b (r=-0.406, P=0.009) and one-point pulse wave β (r=-0.434, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ET could be used to evaluate the changes in arterial wall elasticity associated with atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhan
- Department of Ultrasound, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jie Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Gang Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Rui Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Hua Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Jiang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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18
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Prostacyclin receptors: Transcriptional regulation and novel signalling mechanisms. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Kraemer-Aguiar LG, de Miranda ML, Bottino DA, Lima RDA, de Souza MDGC, Balarini MDM, Villela NR, Bouskela E. Increment of body mass index is positively correlated with worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow. Front Physiol 2015; 6:223. [PMID: 26913005 PMCID: PMC4753558 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the impairment of endothelial function leading to the initiation of the atherosclerotic process. As obesity is a multiple grade disease, we have hypothesized that an increasing impairment of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions occurs from lean subjects to severe obese ones, creating a window of opportunities for preventive measures. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the grade of obesity in which endothelial dysfunction can be detected and if there is an increasing impairment of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions as body mass index increases. According to body mass index, subjects were allocated into five groups: Lean controls (n = 9); Overweight (n = 11); Obese class I (n = 26); Obese class II (n = 15); Obese class III (n = 19). Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell functions were evaluated measuring forearm blood flow responses to increasing intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside using venous occlusion plethysmography. We observed that forearm blood flow was progressively impaired from lean controls to severe obese and found no significant differences between Lean controls and Overweight groups. Known determinants of endothelial dysfunction, such as inflammatory response, insulin resistance, and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, did not correlate with forearm blood flow response to vasodilators. Moreover, several risk factors for atherosclerosis were excluded as independent predictors after confounder-adjusted analysis. Our data suggests that obesity per se could be sufficient to promote impairment of vascular reactivity, that obesity class I is the first grade of obesity in which endothelial dysfunction can be detected, and that body mass index positively correlates with the worsening of endothelium-dependent and independent changes in forearm blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G Kraemer-Aguiar
- Endocrinology, Obesity Unit, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology - BioVasc, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos L de Miranda
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology - BioVasc, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Bottino
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology - BioVasc, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State University Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronald de A Lima
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Institute Hospital Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças C de Souza
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology - BioVasc, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State University Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Nivaldo R Villela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology - BioVasc, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Anesthesiology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology - BioVasc, Biomedical Center, Rio de Janeiro State University Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Ras RT, Fuchs D, Koppenol WP, Garczarek U, Greyling A, Keicher C, Verhoeven C, Bouzamondo H, Wagner F, Trautwein EA. The effect of a low-fat spread with added plant sterols on vascular function markers: results of the Investigating Vascular Function Effects of Plant Sterols (INVEST) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:733-41. [PMID: 25809853 PMCID: PMC4381780 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant sterols (PSs) lower LDL cholesterol, an established risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). No direct evidence is available supporting a reduced risk of CAD for foods with added PSs. Endothelial dysfunction is seen as an early indicator of atherosclerotic damage. OBJECTIVES This study was primarily designed to investigate the effect of a low-fat spread with added PSs on brachial artery endothelial function as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Second, effects on arterial stiffness, blood pressure, serum lipids, and plasma PS concentrations were investigated. We hypothesized that PSs would not worsen FMD but would rather modestly improve FMD. DESIGN This study had a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel design. After a 4-wk run-in period, 240 hypercholesterolemic but otherwise healthy men and women consumed 20 g/d of low-fat spread without (control) or with added PSs (3 g/d) during 12 wk. Pre- and postintervention, vascular function measurements and blood sampling were performed. RESULTS In total, 232 participants completed the study period. For the primary endpoint FMD, 199 participants were included in the statistical analysis. PS intake did not affect FMD (+0.01 percentage points; 95% CI: -0.73, 0.75) compared with control. Measures of arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) and blood pressure were also not significantly changed compared with control. After PS intervention, LDL cholesterol significantly decreased on average by 0.26 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.40, -0.12) or 6.7% compared with control. Plasma sitosterol and campesterol concentrations significantly increased in the PS group up to on average 11.5 μmol/L and 13.9 μmol/L (expressed as geometric means), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The intake of a low-fat spread with added PSs neither improved nor worsened FMD or other vascular function markers in hypercholesterolemic men and women. As expected, serum LDL cholesterol decreased, whereas plasma PSs increased after PS intake. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01803178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouyanne T Ras
- From Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (RTR, DF, WPK, UG, AG, CV, HB, and EAT), and Charité Research Organisation, Berlin, Germany (CK and FW)
| | - Dagmar Fuchs
- From Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (RTR, DF, WPK, UG, AG, CV, HB, and EAT), and Charité Research Organisation, Berlin, Germany (CK and FW)
| | - Wieneke P Koppenol
- From Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (RTR, DF, WPK, UG, AG, CV, HB, and EAT), and Charité Research Organisation, Berlin, Germany (CK and FW)
| | - Ursula Garczarek
- From Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (RTR, DF, WPK, UG, AG, CV, HB, and EAT), and Charité Research Organisation, Berlin, Germany (CK and FW)
| | - Arno Greyling
- From Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (RTR, DF, WPK, UG, AG, CV, HB, and EAT), and Charité Research Organisation, Berlin, Germany (CK and FW)
| | - Christian Keicher
- From Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (RTR, DF, WPK, UG, AG, CV, HB, and EAT), and Charité Research Organisation, Berlin, Germany (CK and FW)
| | - Carole Verhoeven
- From Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (RTR, DF, WPK, UG, AG, CV, HB, and EAT), and Charité Research Organisation, Berlin, Germany (CK and FW)
| | - Hakim Bouzamondo
- From Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (RTR, DF, WPK, UG, AG, CV, HB, and EAT), and Charité Research Organisation, Berlin, Germany (CK and FW)
| | - Frank Wagner
- From Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (RTR, DF, WPK, UG, AG, CV, HB, and EAT), and Charité Research Organisation, Berlin, Germany (CK and FW)
| | - Elke A Trautwein
- From Unilever Research and Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands (RTR, DF, WPK, UG, AG, CV, HB, and EAT), and Charité Research Organisation, Berlin, Germany (CK and FW)
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Chatauret N, Favreau F, Giraud S, Thierry A, Rossard L, Le Pape S, Lerman LO, Hauet T. Diet-induced increase in plasma oxidized LDL promotes early fibrosis in a renal porcine auto-transplantation model. J Transl Med 2014; 12:76. [PMID: 24655356 PMCID: PMC3994364 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In kidney transplantation, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia as a co-morbidity factor known to affect graft function, is rising due to the increased number of older donors in response to organ shortage as well as to the hyperlipidemic effects of immunosuppressors in recipient. This study aimed to characterize the effects of hypercholesterolemia on renal graft outcome, investigating the role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL). METHODS In vivo, we used a porcine preclinical model of renal auto-transplantation modulated by two experimental diets: a normal (n = 6) or a hyperlipidemic diet (n = 5) maintained during the 3 month follow-up after the surgical procedure. Kidney function and OxLDL levels were monitored as well as fibrosis, LOX-1 and TGF beta signaling pathways. In vitro, we used human artery endothelial cells subjected to OxLDL to investigate the TGF beta profibrotic pathway and the role of the scavenger receptor LOX-1. RESULTS Hyperlipidemic diet-induced increase in plasma OxLDL levels at the time of surgery correlated with an increase in proteinuria 3 months after transplantation, associated with an early graft fibrosis combined with an activation of renal TGF beta signaling. These data suggest a direct involvement of OxLDL in the hyperlipidemic diet-induced activation of the pro-fibrotic TGF beta pathway which seems to be activated by LOX-1 signaling. These results were supported by studies with endothelial cells incubated in culture medium containing OxLDL promoting TGF beta expression inhibited by LOX-1 antibody. CONCLUSIONS These results implicate OxLDL in the hyperlipidemic diet-promoted fibrosis in transplanted kidneys, suggesting LOX-1 as a potential therapeutic target and reinforce the need to control cholesterol levels in kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM, U1082, Ischémie-reperfusion en transplantation rénale, Université de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers 86000, France.
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Singh M, Bedi US. Is Atherosclerosis Regression a Realistic Goal of Statin Therapy and What Does That Mean? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2012; 15:294. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-012-0294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Panazzolo DG, Sicuro FL, Clapauch R, Maranhão PA, Bouskela E, Kraemer-Aguiar LG. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glucose, and microvascular dysfunction: a principal component analysis approach. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2012; 12:102. [PMID: 23148545 PMCID: PMC3534385 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-12-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the multivariate association between functional microvascular variables and clinical-laboratorial-anthropometrical measurements. Methods Data from 189 female subjects (34.0±15.5 years, 30.5±7.1 kg/m2), who were non-smokers, non-regular drug users, without a history of diabetes and/or hypertension, were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA is a classical multivariate exploratory tool because it highlights common variation between variables allowing inferences about possible biological meaning of associations between them, without pre-establishing cause-effect relationships. In total, 15 variables were used for PCA: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose, levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG), insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and functional microvascular variables measured by nailfold videocapillaroscopy. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy was used for direct visualization of nutritive capillaries, assessing functional capillary density, red blood cell velocity (RBCV) at rest and peak after 1 min of arterial occlusion (RBCVmax), and the time taken to reach RBCVmax (TRBCVmax). Results A total of 35% of subjects had metabolic syndrome, 77% were overweight/obese, and 9.5% had impaired fasting glucose. PCA was able to recognize that functional microvascular variables and clinical-laboratorial-anthropometrical measurements had a similar variation. The first five principal components explained most of the intrinsic variation of the data. For example, principal component 1 was associated with BMI, waist circumference, systolic BP, diastolic BP, insulin, TG, CRP, and TRBCVmax varying in the same way. Principal component 1 also showed a strong association among HDL-c, RBCV, and RBCVmax, but in the opposite way. Principal component 3 was associated only with microvascular variables in the same way (functional capillary density, RBCV and RBCVmax). Fasting plasma glucose appeared to be related to principal component 4 and did not show any association with microvascular reactivity. Conclusions In non-diabetic female subjects, a multivariate scenario of associations between classic clinical variables strictly related to obesity and metabolic syndrome suggests a significant relationship between these diseases and microvascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo G Panazzolo
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc),Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Turner EC, Kinsella BT. Regulation of the human prostacyclin receptor gene by the cholesterol-responsive SREBP1. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:2390-404. [PMID: 22969152 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m029314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin and its prostacyclin receptor, the I Prostanoid (IP), play essential roles in regulating hemostasis and vascular tone and have been implicated in a range cardio-protective effects but through largely unknown mechanisms. In this study, the influence of cholesterol on human IP [(h)IP] gene expression was investigated in cultured vascular endothelial and platelet-progenitor megakaryocytic cells. Cholesterol depletion increased human prostacyclin receptor (hIP) mRNA, hIP promoter-directed reporter gene expression, and hIP-induced cAMP generation in all cell types. Furthermore, the constitutively active sterol-response element binding protein (SREBP)1a, but not SREBP2, increased hIP mRNA and promoter-directed gene expression, and deletional and mutational analysis uncovered an evolutionary conserved sterol-response element (SRE), adjacent to a known functional Sp1 element, within the core hIP promoter. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed direct cholesterol-regulated binding of SREBP1a to this hIP promoter region in vivo, and immunofluorescence microscopy corroborated that cholesterol depletion significantly increases hIP expression levels. In conclusion, the hIP gene is directly regulated by cholesterol depletion, which occurs through binding of SREBP1a to a functional SRE within its core promoter. Mechanistically, these data establish that cholesterol can regulate hIP expression, which may, at least in part, account for the combined cardio-protective actions of low serum cholesterol through its regulation of IP expression within the human vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizebeth C Turner
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Dhote V, Joharapurkar A, Kshirsagar S, Dhanesha N, Patel V, Patel A, Raval S, Jain M. Inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein improves insulin sensitivity and reduces atherogenic risk in Zucker fatty rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 38:338-44. [PMID: 21401695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Insulin-resistant states are commonly associated with a significantly higher risk of atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance has also been correlated with enhanced very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production, which is exacerbated by increased intestinal lipid synthesis and insulin-stimulated de novo lipogenesis. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) catalyses the critical step in the synthesis and secretion of VLDL and chylomicrons. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that chronic inhibition of MTP with a small molecule inhibitor would improve insulin sensitivity and reduce atherogenic risk in a genetic model of diabetic dyslipidaemia. 2. The in vivo activity of BMS-201038, a potent inhibitor of MTP, was evaluated in a model of hypertriglyceridemia induced by Triton WR1339 and corn oil in Zucker fatty rats. Triglyceride secretion rate was significantly reduced by a single dose of BMS-201038 by 35% at 0.3 mg/kg and 47% at 1 mg/kg, respectively. 3. Another group of Zucker fatty rats was dosed orally with BMS-201038 (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) for 14 days. Serum levels of triglycerides were reduced by 71% and 87%, non-esterified free fatty acids were reduced by 33% and 40%, and low-density lipoproteins by 26% and 29%, by 0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg dose of BMS-201038, respectively. These serum lipid changes were accompanied by significant improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In addition, lipid peroxidation in liver was reduced by 59% and 61%, and superoxide dismutase activity was increased by 11% and 45% by 0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg dose of BMS-201038, respectively. Similar beneficial changes were found in aorta as well. 4. The present study provides evidence that inhibition of MTP with a small molecule inhibitor significantly improves dyslipidaemia associated with insulin resistance and reduces the atherosclerotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Dhote
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Costa RRS, Villela NR, Souza MDGC, Boa BCS, Cyrino FZGA, Silva SV, Lisboa PC, Moura EG, Barja-Fidalgo TC, Bouskela E. High fat diet induces central obesity, insulin resistance and microvascular dysfunction in hamsters. Microvasc Res 2011; 82:416-22. [PMID: 21889944 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction is an early finding in obesity possibly related to co-morbidities like diabetes and hypertension. Therefore we have investigated changes on microvascular function, body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT) on male hamsters fed either with high fat (HFD, n=20) or standard (Control, n=21) diet during 16 weeks. Total body fat and protein content were determined by carcass analysis, aorta eNOS and iNOS expression by immunoblotting assay and mean blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) by an arterial catheter. Microvascular reactivity in response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, functional capillary density (FCD), capillary recruitment induced by a hyperinsulinemic status and macromolecular permeability after 30 min ischemia was assessed on either cheek pouch or cremaster muscle preparations. Compared to Control, HFD animals have shown increased visceral fat (6.0 ± 0.8 vs. 13.8 ± 0.6g/100g BW), impaired endothelial dependent vasodilatation, decreased FCD (11.3 ± 1.3 vs. 6.8 ± 1.2/field) and capillary recruitment during hyperinsulinemia and increased macromolecular permeability after ischemia/reperfusion (86.4 ± 5.2 vs.105.2 ± 5.1 leaks/cm(2)), iNOS expression and insulin resistance. MAP, HR, endothelial independent vasodilatation and eNOS expression were not different between groups. Our results have shown that HFD elicits an increase on visceral fat deposition, microvascular dysfunction and insulin resistance in hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute R S Costa
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ades PA, Savage PD, Lischke S, Toth MJ, Harvey-Berino J, Bunn JY, Ludlow M, Schneider DJ. The effect of weight loss and exercise training on flow-mediated dilatation in coronary heart disease: a randomized trial. Chest 2011; 140:1420-1427. [PMID: 21778256 DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 80% of patients entering cardiac rehabilitation are overweight, with a high prevalence of associated insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a prothrombotic state. Because each of these characteristics is associated with abnormalities of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), a predictor of long-term prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), we assessed the effect of exercise training and weight reduction on FMD in overweight patients with CHD. METHODS All patients (N = 38) participated in behavioral weight loss while taking their usual preventive medications. Subjects were randomized to one of two exercise protocols, which differed by caloric expenditure. The primary outcome was extent (%) of brachial artery FMD measured by ultrasonography before and after the 4-month exercise and weight-loss program. RESULTS Both study groups experienced an increase in brachial artery FMD after weight loss and exercise. Patients randomized to the higher-caloric exercise condition (longer-distance walking) lost more weight (8.6 ± 4.1 kg vs 2.3 ± 3.3 kg [P < .001]) and experienced a greater percentage increase in brachial artery FMD (3.6% ± 4.1% vs 1.3% ± 2.1%, P < .05) than did subjects in the lower-caloric-expenditure exercise group who lost less weight. Both groups increased peak aerobic capacity similarly. Increased FMD correlated with changes in body weight more than with measures of abdominal fat, glucose disposal, lipid measure, BP, or measures of physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS Exercise and weight loss increased FMD in overweight and obese patients with CHD. Greater weight reduction was associated with a greater improvement in FMD; thus, there was a dose effect. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00628277; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Ades
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, University of Vermont College of Medicine, South Burlington, VT.
| | - Patrick D Savage
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, University of Vermont College of Medicine, South Burlington, VT
| | - Stefan Lischke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, University of Vermont College of Medicine, South Burlington, VT
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, University of Vermont College of Medicine, South Burlington, VT
| | - Jean Harvey-Berino
- Department of Nutrition, Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, University of Vermont College of Medicine, South Burlington, VT
| | - Janice Y Bunn
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, University of Vermont College of Medicine, South Burlington, VT
| | - Maryann Ludlow
- Department of Nutrition, Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, University of Vermont College of Medicine, South Burlington, VT
| | - David J Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, University of Vermont College of Medicine, South Burlington, VT
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Kokjohn TA, Van Vickle GD, Maarouf CL, Kalback WM, Hunter JM, Daugs ID, Luehrs DC, Lopez J, Brune D, Sue LI, Beach TG, Castaño EM, Roher AE. Chemical characterization of pro-inflammatory amyloid-beta peptides in human atherosclerotic lesions and platelets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:1508-14. [PMID: 21784149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are intimately involved in the inflammatory pathology of atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although substantial amounts of these peptides are produced in the periphery, their role and significance to vascular disease outside the brain requires further investigation. Amyloid-β peptides present in the walls of human aorta atherosclerotic lesions as well as activated and non-activated human platelets were isolated using sequential size-exclusion columns and HPLC reverse-phase methods. The Aβ peptide isolates were quantified by ELISA and structurally analyzed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry procedures. Our experiments revealed that both aorta and platelets contained Aβ peptides, predominately Aβ40. The source of the Aβ pool in aortic atherosclerosis lesions is probably the activated platelets and/or vascular wall cells expressing APP/PN2. Significant levels of Aβ42 are present in the plasma, suggesting that this reservoir makes a minor contribution to atherosclerotic plaques. Our data reveal that although aortic atherosclerosis and AD cerebrovascular amyloidosis exhibit clearly divergent end-stage manifestations, both vascular diseases share some key pathophysiological promoting elements and pathways. Whether they happen to be deposited in vessels of the central nervous system or atherosclerotic plaques in the periphery, Aβ peptides may promote and perhaps synergize chronic inflammatory processes which culminate in the degeneration, malfunction and ultimate destruction of arterial walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Kokjohn
- The Longtine Center for Neurodegenerative Biochemistry, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
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Fu Y, Ni P, Ma J, Ying Y, Zhao J, Liu J, Chen S. Polymorphisms of human vascular endothelial growth factor gene are associated with acute cerebral infarction in the Chinese population. Eur Neurol 2011; 66:47-52. [PMID: 21757917 DOI: 10.1159/000329276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in the development of cerebral infarction as a major mediator of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the VEGF gene polymorphisms were associated with the risks of acute cerebral infarction. METHODS We examined the distribution of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), -1154G/A, 936C/T and -2578C/A, in the promoter and coding region of the VEGF gene in DNA samples from 147 Chinese patients with acute cerebral infarction and 131 control subjects. RESULTS There was no significant difference in allele and genotype distributions of -1154G/A, 936C/T and -2578C/A with the risk of acute cerebral infarction when compared with controls. However, haplotype analysis from the above-mentioned three polymorphisms showed that haplotype ACC was significantly lower in patients with acute cerebral infarction (0.020) than in controls (0.054) (p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that the -1154/, 936/ and -2578/ ACC haplotype was associated with the risk of acute cerebral infarction with an OR of 0.361, and it may reduce the risk of acute cerebral infarction through the regulation of VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, PR China
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Effect of oat and barley β-glucans on inhibition of cytokine-induced adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells: Molecular structure–function relations. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Espinoza J, Uckele JE, Starr RA, Seubert DE, Espinoza AF, Berry SM. Angiogenic imbalances: the obstetric perspective. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 203:17.e1-8. [PMID: 20231008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.10.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that angiogenic imbalances may participate in the mechanisms of disease of several pregnancy complications, some of which may be life threatening. This article reviews current evidence in support of this view and the possibility that the fetus may play a central role in these imbalances; it also reviews recent experimental observations that modulation of angiogenic imbalances during pregnancy may have prophylactic and/or therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Espinoza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 West Thirteen Mile Rd., Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
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Meendering JR, Torgrimson BN, Miller NP, Kaplan PF, Minson CT. A combined oral contraceptive containing 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 3.0 mg drospirenone does not impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Contraception 2010; 82:366-72. [PMID: 20851231 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethinyl estradiol (EE) increases endothelium-dependent vasodilation in young women, but certain progestins paired with EE in combination oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) have been shown to antagonize the vasodilatory effects of EE. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how endothelial function, serum biomarkers and resting blood pressures change across an OCP cycle in women using a monophasic OCP formulation containing the progestin drospirenone. STUDY DESIGN Twelve women were studied during two hormone phases of their OCP cycle: once at the end of 3 weeks of active pills (30 mcg EE and 3.0 mg drospirenone) and once at the end of a week of placebo pills (no exogenous hormones) RESULTS Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was greater during the active phase compared to the placebo phase (p<.001). In contrast, there was no difference in endothelium-independent dilation between hormone phases. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the combination of 30 mcg EE and 3.0 mg drospirenone used in the active phase of this OCP increases endothelium-dependent vasodilation compared to a placebo phase.
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Sari I, Baltaci Y, Bagci C, Davutoglu V, Erel O, Celik H, Ozer O, Aksoy N, Aksoy M. Effect of pistachio diet on lipid parameters, endothelial function, inflammation, and oxidative status: A prospective study. Nutrition 2010; 26:399-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Villela NR, Kramer-Aguiar LG, Bottino DA, Wiernsperger N, Bouskela E. Metabolic disturbances linked to obesity: the role of impaired tissue perfusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 53:238-45. [PMID: 19466216 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302009000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular events and cancer, obesity is a worldwide problem affecting developed and developing countries. Microcirculatory vessels, represented by arterioles, capillaries and venules (mean internal diameter < 100 microm), are the place where blood/tissue nutrition and exchange effectively take place. Microvascular dysfunction is an early event in obesity probably secondary to endothelial dysfunction and capillaries rarefaction. New research techniques allow the investigation of the microcirculation in different vascular beds in humans. Studies suggest a link between endothelial dysfunction and visceral obesity. Oxidative stress, inflammation and renin-angiotensin system are among factors considered to be involved on microvascular dysfunction in obesity. Microcirculatory impairment present in obesity suggests that it could be an important causal factor in obesity-related disorders such as insulin resistance and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivaldo Ribeiro Villela
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Mourot L, Boussuges A, Campo P, Maunier S, Debussche X, Blanc P. Cardiovascular rehabilitation increase arterial compliance in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 84:138-44. [PMID: 19264372 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effect of a cardiovascular rehabilitation program on arterial compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus with coronary disease was studied. METHODS Hemodynamic data and arterial compliance were measured with a tonometer (HDI/Pulse wave CR-2000) in coronary artery disease patients with (n=32) and without (n=24) type 2 diabetes before and after a 6-week multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation program. RESULTS A decrease in heart rate and an increase in stroke volume without significant change in resting cardiac output were obtained in diabetic patients. Arterial compliance of both small and large arteries was significantly increased. In 10 diabetic patients, this increase could be related to an increase in the anti-hypertensive treatment and to the decreased blood pressure. In the 22 remainders, the small artery compliance was significantly increased independently of blood pressure change. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training as well as optimization of diabetes and dyslipidemia treatment could explain the improvement of arterial compliance. If these changes are long-lasting and if they improve prognosis remains to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mourot
- EA 3920 and IFR133, Université de Franche Comté, Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Besançon, France.
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Xu M, Zhou H, Gu Q, Li C. The expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters in hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:455-61. [PMID: 19390536 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux is regulated by cholesterol transporters, including adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters, A1, G1 (ABCA1, ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). We have investigated whether the expression of these transporters/receptor is altered in patients with hypertension and also studied their functional effects in cholesterol efflux. The newly diagnosed hypertensive patients, as well as age- and gender-matched healthy controls were recruited. mRNA of ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-BI in monocytes was measured. The functional effects of the three transporters/receptor and cholesterol efflux from monocyte-derived macrophages ex vivo were also determined. The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 was significantly decreased in the newly diagnosed untreated hypertensive patients compared with that in healthy controls. The levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1 were negatively associated with blood pressure, and the reduction of ABCA1 and ABCG1 could be reversed by anti-hypertensive therapy. No significant associations between plasma lipids, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the expression of ABCA1 or ABCG1 were found. Cholesterol efflux from monocyte-derived macrophages to autologous serum, apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was impaired in hypertensive patients. Cholesterol efflux to autologous serum or apoAI was associated with the expression of ABCA1, whereas cholesterol efflux to autologous serum or HDL was associated with the expression of ABCG1. The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in monocytes is reduced in hypertensive patients, which could be reversed by anti-hypertensive therapy. The reduction in ABCA1/ABCG1 is associated with the impairment of cholesterol efflux from monocyte-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Xu
- Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Meendering JR, Torgrimson BN, Miller NP, Kaplan PF, Minson CT. Ethinyl estradiol-to-desogestrel ratio impacts endothelial function in young women. Contraception 2008; 79:41-9. [PMID: 19041440 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethinyl estradiol (EE) and progestins have the ability to alter endothelial function. The type of progestin and the ratio of EE to progestin used in oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) may determine how they affect the arterial vasculature. STUDY DESIGN In this study, we investigated endothelial function across a cycle in very low dose (VLD) and low dose (LD) combination EE and desogestrel (DSG) OCP users during two phases: active (VLD=20 mcg EE/150 mcg DSG; LD=30 mcg EE/150 mcg DSG) and pill-free. Endothelial function was also measured during an EE-only hormone phase (10 mcg EE) in group VLD. RESULTS Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was greater during the active phase compared to the pill-free phase in group LD (9.02+/-0.72% vs. 7.33+/-0.84%; p=.029). This phase difference was not observed in group VLD (5.86+/-0.63% vs. 6.56+/-0.70%; p=.108). However, endothelium-dependent vasodilation was higher during the EE-only phase, compared to the active and pill-free phases (8.92+/-0.47% vs. 5.86+/-0.63%, and 6.56+/-0.70%; p<.001) in group VLD. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest DSG may antagonize the vasodilatory activity of EE and that this effect is further modulated by the EE-to-DSG ratio.
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Progestins oppose the effects of estradiol on the endothelin-1 receptor type B in coronary arteries from ovariectomized hyperlipidemic rabbits. Menopause 2008; 15:503-10. [PMID: 18188139 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318156f803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progestins may be associated with the adverse cardiovascular outcomes observed with estrogen plus progestogen therapy, but the mechanism is not resolved. In this study we examined the effect of 17beta-estradiol (E2) alone and in combination with two progestins on the endothelin-1 (ET-1) system in coronary arteries. DESIGN Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits were treated orally with either E2 (4 mg/d), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (10 mg/d), norethisterone acetate (NETA) (2 mg/d), E2 + MPA, E2 + NETA, or placebo for 16 weeks (n=10 in each group). Coronary arteries were used for mRNA and myograph analyses. RESULTS E2 alone but not in combination with MPA or NETA increased ETB mRNA expression in coronary arteries. Accordingly, E2 alone but not in combination with MPA or NETA reduced the maximal contraction to ET-1, and the reduction was sustained after ETA but not after ETB blockade. E2 reduced preproendothelin-1 mRNA expression; however, this effect was not blunted by MPA or NETA. ETA and ET-converting enzyme-1 mRNA expression was unaffected by treatment. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that long-term E2 treatment selectively attenuates ET-1-induced vasoconstriction, possibly by increasing ETB gene expression in rabbit coronary arteries and that this effect is abolished by the two progestins investigated. This observation may help to explain how progestins oppose the supposed beneficial effects of estrogen on the arterial wall.
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40
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Torgrimson BN, Meendering JR, Miller NP, Kaplan PF, Minson CT. Endothelial function, endothelin-1, and fibrinogen in young women using the vaginal contraceptive ring. Fertil Steril 2008; 92:441-7. [PMID: 18706555 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of the vaginal contraceptive ring cycle on indices of cardiovascular health and risk by studying healthy women during the active hormone phase compared with the ring-free phase of a standard 21/7-day cycle. DESIGN Observational prospective cohort; 4 weeks' duration. SETTING Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon. PATIENT(S) Twenty healthy women. INTERVENTION(S) Endothelial function testing using standard flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery and sublingual nitroglycerin administration. All participants underwent venous blood collection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation of the brachial artery using Doppler ultrasound imaging. Baseline levels of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total cholesterol, endothelin-1, and fibrinogen. RESULT(S) The active hormone phase of the vaginal ring cycle showed significantly higher vasodilation compared with the ring-free phase. The active hormone phase also showed increased fibrinogen levels compared with the ring-free phase. Low-density lipoprotein lipid levels also fluctuated and were significantly higher during the ring-free phase. CONCLUSION(S) Preliminary study observations of improved endothelial function and lowered low-density lipoprotein levels during the active hormone phase versus the ring-free phase suggest that the vaginal contraceptive ring has beneficial effects on vascular health in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta N Torgrimson
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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Vogel R. Listening to the endothelium: a story of signal and noise. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:1965-6. [PMID: 18482665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Nyyssönen K, Lakka TA, Laukkanen JA, Salonen JT. Dyslipidaemia as a predictor of hypertension in middle-aged men. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:2561-8. [PMID: 18308688 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dyslipidaemia and hypertension are features of the metabolic syndrome, but the role of dyslipidaemia in the development of hypertension is less clear. We assessed the association of dyslipidaemia with incident hypertension during a 7-year follow-up in a population-based cohort of middle-aged men without hypertension at baseline. METHODS AND RESULTS In all, 88 of 311 men developed hypertension during the follow-up. A 1-SD increment in triglyceride concentrations was associated with a 1.6-fold [95% CI(confidence interval) 1.2-2.3] increased risk of developing hypertension, independently of features related to the metabolic syndrome. In separate multivariable models, the triglyceride content of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations were also associated with new-onset hypertension. In a stepwise backwards logistic regression model, concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol [odds ratio (OR) 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.7 for a 1-SD change] and triglyceride content of HDL cholesterol (OR) 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-1.9) were positively associated with incident hypertension, whereas HDL concentrations (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9) seemed protective. In factor analyses, elevated triglyceride levels and related disturbances in lipid and cholesterol metabolism were associated with new-onset hypertension. CONCLUSION Dyslipidaemia characteristic of the metabolic syndrome predicts the development of hypertension during a 7-year follow-up of eastern Finnish men, independently of features related to insulin resistance. The recognition of dyslipidaemia and initiation of lifestyle treatment even in the absence of hypertension is likely to reduce the long-term burden of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Laaksonen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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43
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Li Z. Effect of electro-acupuncture at Fenglong (GV 16) on nitric oxide and endothelin in rats with hyperlipidemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3736/jcim20080117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Chaudhry FA, Bangalore S, Upadya S, Shah A, Eftekhari H, Pudpud D, Sehgal CM. Cross-sectional Imaging Identifies Flow-mediated Vasodilatation More Accurately Compared with Longitudinal Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007; 20:1380-5. [PMID: 17614254 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate cross-sectional imaging to longitudinal plane imaging for measurement of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). BACKGROUND Accurate and reproducible assessment of FMD as a measure of endothelial function has important implications. Conventional imaging of the brachial artery is in a longitudinal plane. However, the changes in vasodilatation seen are subtle and minimal (10%-20%) in healthy states with an even smaller change in diseased states, thus, affecting interobserver and intraobserver variability and reproducibility. METHODS Nine healthy volunteers (5 men, 4 women) between the ages of 25 and 65 years had baseline FMD measurements done using both longitudinal and cross-sectional imaging. Brachial artery was occluded by inflating the sphygmomanometer cuff on the arm at a pressure of 150 mm Hg for 5 minutes. The artery was imaged continuously for 5 minutes postdeflation. The images were recorded digitally on a computer and analyzed for area and diameter changes by user-guided semiautomated boundary detection method described by our group earlier. RESULTS The baseline measurements were normalized to 1.00 for both longitudinal and cross-sectional images. After cuff deflation, the mean longitudinal diameter increased to 1.10 +/- 0.04 versus 1.30 +/- 0.17 (P = .007) for the cross-sectional method. The mean longitudinal measurements were 85.7 +/- 13.9 pixels at baseline that increased to 94.3 +/- 13.1 pixels for a mean change of 8.6 +/- 3.1 pixels after cuff deflation, compared with a mean of 8577.4 +/- 2950.8 pixels that increased to 11120.5 +/- 3989.4 pixels for a mean change of 2543 +/- 1552 pixels by the cross-sectional method (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional imaging produced a much larger change in area and pixels compared with longitudinal imaging. This translates into greater sensitivity in detecting small changes produced by FMD.
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Landsberger M, Wolff B, Jantzen F, Rosenstengel C, Vogelgesang D, Staudt A, Dahm JB, Felix SB. Cerivastatin reduces cytokine-induced surface expression of ICAM-1 via increased shedding in human endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2007; 190:43-52. [PMID: 16529752 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Revised: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of endothelial cells is an incipient process in atherogenesis and leads to induction of the cellular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Their expression can be induced by cytokines as well as other inflammatory mediators. The effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) include mediation of anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was the comparison of cerivastatin and simvastatin-mediated effects on inflammation-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC). In HUVEC, TNF-alpha induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA and surface expression. Co-incubation with cerivastatin, but not simvastatin reduced TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 surface expression whereas both statins reduced VCAM-1 surface expression; all reductions in surface expression correlated with an increase in the soluble forms of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in cell culture supernatants. Mevalonate and nonsteroidal isoprenoids significantly reversed protein expression and shedding. Both statins caused an aggravation of TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression which was dependent on RNA synthesis. The statin-mediated increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression correlated with the degradation of IkappaBa. Nuclear translocation of p65 was not significantly affected by statin-treatment of cytokine-treated cells. We conclude that cerivastatin and simvastatin reduce TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 surface expression via increased protein shedding mediated by HMG-CoA reductase inhibition and subsequent isoprenoid depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Landsberger
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Friedrich-Loeffler-Strasse 23 a, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Strey CH, Young JM, Lainchbury JH, Frampton CM, Nicholls MG, Richards AM, Scott RS. Short-term statin treatment improves endothelial function and neurohormonal imbalance in normocholesterolaemic patients with non-ischaemic heart failure. Heart 2006; 92:1603-9. [PMID: 16709697 PMCID: PMC1861248 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2005.082560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of short-term statin treatment on impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and haemodynamic abnormalities typically occurring in chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS In a double-blind, crossover study endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was measured in conduit and resistance vessels of 23 patients with non-ischaemic CHF after 6 weeks of placebo and 40 mg atorvastatin. The haemodynamic impact was assessed by cardioendocrine hormones, echocardiography and clinical indicators of CHF. RESULTS Cholesterol concentrations were population average (low density lipoprotein 3.56 (SEM 0.16) mmol/l, triglycerides 1.70 (0.20) mmol/l and high density lipoprotein 1.17 (0.07) mmol/l). In resistance vessels, the area under the curve ratio during acetylcholine infusion increased from 9.2 (1.9) with placebo to 12.2 (2.1) with statin (p < 0.01). This improvement was reversed during co-infusion with the nitric oxide antagonist N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine. In conduit arteries, flow-mediated dilatation increased from 5.64 (SEM 0.88)% with placebo to 6.83 (0.97)% with statin (p < 0.05). Endothelium-independent vasodilatation did not change (p = 0.68 for conduit and p = 0.45 for resistance vessels). Endothelin 1 and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) decreased from 1.57 (0.08) and 51.3 (1.0) with placebo to 1.42 (0.09) pg/ml (p < 0.05) and 42.1 (7.5) pmol/l (p < 0.05), respectively, with statin. CONCLUSIONS In patients with non-ischaemic CHF and population-average cholesterol concentrations, short-term statin treatment improves endothelial function in conduit and resistance vessels and lowers plasma endothelin 1 and ANP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Strey
- Department of Endocrinology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
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47
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Pokan R, Hofmann P, von Duvillard SP, Smekal G, Wonisch M, Lettner K, Schmid P, Shechter M, Silver B, Bachl N. Oral magnesium therapy, exercise heart rate, exercise tolerance, and myocardial function in coronary artery disease patients. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40:773-8. [PMID: 16825271 PMCID: PMC2564392 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.027250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) upward deflection of the heart rate (HR) performance curve can be observed and that this upward deflection and the degree of the deflection are correlated with a diminished stress dependent left ventricular function. Magnesium supplementation improves endothelial function, exercise tolerance, and exercise induced chest pain in patients with CAD. PURPOSE We studied the effects of oral magnesium therapy on exercise dependent HR as related to exercise tolerance and resting myocardial function in patients with CAD. METHODS In a double blind controlled trial, 53 male patients with stable CAD were randomised to either oral magnesium 15 mmol twice daily (n = 28, age 61+/-9 years, height 171+/-7 cm, body weight 79+/-10 kg, previous myocardial infarction, n = 7) or placebo (n = 25, age 58+/-10 years, height 172+/-6 cm, body weight 79+/-10 kg, previous myocardial infarction, n = 6) for 6 months. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), the degree and direction of the deflection of the HR performance curve described as factor k<0 (upward deflection), and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were the outcomes measured. RESULTS Magnesium therapy for 6 months significantly increased intracellular magnesium levels (32.7+/-2.5 v 35.6+/-2.1 mEq/l, p<0.001) compared to placebo (33.1+/-3.1.9 v 33.8+/-2.0 mEq/l, NS), VO2max (28.3+/-6.2 v 30.6+/-7.1 ml/kg/min, p<0.001; 29.3+/-5.4 v 29.6+/-5.2 ml/kg/min, NS), factor k (-0.298+/-0.242 v -0.208+/-0.260, p<0.05; -0.269+/-0.336 v -0.272+/-0.335, NS), and LVEF (58+/-11 v 67+/-10%, p<0.001; 55+/-11 v 54+/-12%, NS). CONCLUSION The present study supports the intake of oral magnesium and its favourable effects on exercise tolerance and left ventricular function during rest and exercise in stable CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pokan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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48
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Lund CO, Mortensen A, Nilas L, Breinholt VM, Larsen JJ, Ottesen B. Estrogen and phytoestrogens: Effect on eNOS expression and in vitro vasodilation in cerebral arteries in ovariectomized Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2006; 130:84-92. [PMID: 16698168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2003] [Revised: 10/30/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of estrogen replacement therapy or soy isoflavones supplement on endothelium-dependent relaxation in vitro and gene expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in cerebral arteries in a rabbit model of human hypercholesterolemia. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-six female ovariectomized Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits were randomised to treatment with 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E(2)), SoyLife 150 or control for 16 weeks. Ring segments of basilar artery (BA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) were mounted in myographs for isometric tension recordings. Concentration response curves to carbamylcholine chloride, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and l-NAME were evaluated after precontraction with potassium. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed and eNOS quantitated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). RESULTS Plasma cholesterol was significantly higher at termination in the SoyLife group (P<0.0001), whereas low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was comparable in all treatment groups. Neither treatment influenced the endothelium-dependent responses to carbamylcholine chloride or l-NAME or the endothelium-independent response to SNP in any of the arteries. Correspondingly, eNOS mRNA was similarly expressed in all treatment groups in both arteries. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of cerebral endothelial function by estrogen or soy isoflavones in ovariectomized WHHL rabbits is not supported by the present data. The findings may be unique to the WHHL rabbit in which the hypocholesterolemic effect of estrogens mediated by upregulation of liver LDL receptors is excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus O Lund
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre University Hospital, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
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Sato M, Shibata K, Nomura R, Kawamoto D, Nagamine R, Imaizumi K. Linoleic acid-rich fats reduce atherosclerosis development beyond its oxidative and inflammatory stress-increasing effect in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice in comparison with saturated fatty acid-rich fats. Br J Nutr 2006; 94:896-901. [PMID: 16351765 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The relative benefit of replacing saturated fatty acid with linoleic acids is still being debated because a linoleic acid-enriched diet increases oxidative and inflammatory stresses, although it is associated with a reduction in serum cholesterol levels. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of linoleic acid-rich (HL) fat, compared with a saturated fatty acid-rich (SF) fat on atherosclerotic lesion areas, serum and liver cholesterol levels, oxidative stress (urinary isoprostanes and serum malondialdehayde) and inflammatory stress (expression of aortic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MCP-1) in apo E-deficient mice. Male and female apo E-deficient mice (8 weeks old; seven to eight per group) were fed an AIN-76-based diet containing SF fat (50 g palm oil and 50 g lard/kg) or HL fat (100 g high-linoleic safflower-seed oil/kg) for 9 weeks. Compared with the SF diet, the HL diet lowered atherosclerosis (P<0.05). It reduced serum total cholesterol levels (P<0.05), increased HDL-cholesterol levels (P<0.05) and lowered liver esterified cholesterol levels (P<0.01). The HL diet-fed mice showed increased expression of MCP-1 mRNA (P<0.05), serum levels of malondialdehayde (P<0.05) and urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha; P<0.05). These results suggest that having biomarkers in vivo for oxidative stress and inflammatory status of endothelial cells does not necessarily indicate predisposition to an increased lesion area in the aortic root in apo E-deficient mice fed an HL or SF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Sato
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Raitakari OT, Rönnemaa T, Järvisalo MJ, Kaitosaari T, Volanen I, Kallio K, Lagström H, Jokinen E, Niinikoski H, Viikari JSA, Simell O. Endothelial Function in Healthy 11-Year-Old Children After Dietary Intervention With Onset in Infancy. Circulation 2005; 112:3786-94. [PMID: 16330680 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.583195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Early childhood introduction of nutritional habits aimed at atherosclerosis prevention reduces children’s serum total cholesterol concentration, but its effect on vascular endothelial function is unknown.
Methods and Results—
Between 1990 and 1992, we randomized healthy 7-month-old infants (n=1062) to intervention (low-saturated-fat diet) and control (unrestricted diet) groups. At the age of 11 years, endothelium-dependent (flow-mediated) and endothelium-independent (nitrate-mediated) vasodilatory responses of the brachial artery were measured with high-resolution ultrasound in 179 intervention and 190 control children. The effect of intervention on endothelial function was significant in boys (
P
=0.0034) but not in girls (
P
=0.69). The maximum endothelium-dependent dilation response (mean±SD) was 9.62±3.53% and 8.36±3.85% in intervention boys and control boys and 8.84±4.00% and 8.44±3.60% in intervention girls and control girls, respectively. Intervention had no effect on nitrate-mediated dilation. The difference in endothelial function in boys remained significant after adjustment for current serum total or LDL cholesterol but became nonsignificant after adjustment for mean cholesterol measured under 3 years of age (adjusted means: 9.46% [CI 8.68% to 10.24%] versus 8.54% [CI 7.75% to 9.32%],
P
=0.11).
Conclusions—
A low-saturated-fat diet introduced in infancy and maintained during the first decade of life is associated with enhanced endothelial function in boys. The effect is explained in part by the diet-induced reduction in serum cholesterol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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