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Petzinna SM, Bauer CJ, Schäfer VS. Vascular-adhesion protein 1 in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1448157. [PMID: 39206172 PMCID: PMC11349539 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1448157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a type 2 transmembrane sialoglycoprotein with oxidative deamination functionality, encoded by the amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3) gene. VAP-1 is widely expressed across various tissues, particularly in highly vascularized tissues and organs essential for lymphocyte circulation. In the vascular system, VAP-1 is predominantly found in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, with higher expression levels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Under inflammatory conditions, VAP-1 rapidly translocates to the endothelial cell surface, facilitating leukocyte adhesion and migration through interactions with specific ligands, such as sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglec)-9 on neutrophils and monocytes, and Siglec-10 on B cells, monocytes, and eosinophils. This interaction is crucial for leukocyte transmigration into inflamed tissues. Furthermore, VAP-1's enzymatic activity generates hydrogen peroxide and advanced glycation end-products, contributing to cytotoxic damage and vascular inflammation. In this context, the soluble form of VAP-1 (sVAP-1), produced by matrix metalloproteinase cleavage from its membrane-bound counterpart, also significantly influences leukocyte migration. This review aims to elucidate the multifaceted pathophysiological roles of VAP-1 in vascular inflammation, particularly in giant cell arteritis (GCA) and associated polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). By exploring its involvement in immune cell adhesion, migration, and its enzymatic contributions to oxidative stress and tissue damage, we investigate the importance of VAP-1 in GCA. Additionally, we discuss recent advancements in imaging techniques targeting VAP-1, such as [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/CT, which have provided new insights into VAP-1's role in GCA and PMR. Overall, understanding VAP-1's comprehensive roles could pave the way for improved strategies in managing these conditions.
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Yen I, Li H. The role of vascular adhesion protein-1 in diabetes and diabetic complications. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:982-989. [PMID: 38581224 PMCID: PMC11292389 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) plays a dual role with its adhesive and enzymatic properties, facilitating leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation and catalyzing the breakdown of primary amines into harmful by-products, which are linked to diabetic complications. Present in various tissues, VAP-1 also circulates in a soluble form in the bloodstream. Diabetes is associated with several complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, significantly contributing to disability and mortality. These complications arise from hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Earlier research, including our own from the 1990s and early 2000s, has underscored the critical role of VAP-1 in these pathological processes, prompting extensive investigation into its contribution to diabetic complications. In this review, we examine the involvement of VAP-1 in diabetes and its complications, alongside its link to other conditions related to diabetes, such as cancer and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. We also explore the utility of soluble VAP-1 as a biomarker for diabetes, its complications, and other related conditions. Since the inhibition of VAP-1 to treat diabetic complications is a novel and promising treatment option, further studies are needed to translate the beneficial effect of VAP-1 inhibitors observed in animal studies to clinical trials recruiting human subjects. Besides, future studies should focus on using serum sVAP-1 levels for risk assessment in diabetic patients, identifying those who need intensive glycemic control, and determining the patient population that would benefit most from VAP-1 inhibitor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I‐Weng Yen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Hung‐Yuan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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3
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Bhowmik AA, Heikkilä TRH, Polari L, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Moisio O, Li XG, Viitanen R, Jalkanen S, Koffert J, Toivola DM, Roivainen A. Detection of Intestinal Inflammation by Vascular Adhesion Protein-1-Targeted [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 Positron Emission Tomography in Murine Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:322-333. [PMID: 38110791 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be imaged with positron emission tomography (PET), but existing PET radiopharmaceuticals have limited diagnostic accuracy. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an endothelial cell surface molecule that controls leukocyte extravasation into sites of inflammation. However, the role of inflammation-induced VAP-1 expression in IBD is still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the utility of VAP-1-targeted [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for assessing inflammation in two mouse models of IBD. PROCEDURES Studies were performed using K8-/- mice that develop a chronic colitis-phenotype and C57Bl/6NCrl mice with acute intestinal inflammation chemically-induced using 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water. In both diseased and control mice, uptake of the VAP-1-targeting peptide [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was assessed in intestinal regions of interest using in vivo PET/CT, after which ex vivo gamma counting, digital autoradiography, and histopathological analyses were performed. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine VAP-1-expression in the intestine, including in samples from patients with ulcerative colitis. RESULTS Intestinal inflammation could be visualized by [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/CT in two murine models of IBD. In both models, the in vivo PET/CT and ex vivo studies of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 uptake were significantly higher than in control mice. The in vivo uptake was increased on average 1.4-fold in the DSS model and 2.0-fold in the K8-/- model. Immunofluorescence staining revealed strong expression of VAP-1 in the inflamed intestines of both mice and patients. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the VAP-1-targeting [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET tracer is a promising tool for non-invasive imaging of intestinal inflammation. Future studies in patients with IBD and evaluation of the potential value of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 in diagnosis and monitoring of the disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achol A Bhowmik
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina R H Heikkilä
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Polari
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Viitanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Koffert
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Diana M Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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4
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Chen SC, Fan KC, Yen IW, Yang CY, Lin CH, Hsu CY, Lyu YP, Juan HC, Lin HH, Lin MS, Shih SR, Li HY, Kuo CH. Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 is associated with twelve-year risk of incident cancer, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality: a community-based cohort study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1308353. [PMID: 38162479 PMCID: PMC10754676 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1308353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), a dual-function glycoprotein, has been reported to play a crucial role in inflammation and tumor progression. We conducted a community-based cohort study to investigate whether serum VAP-1 could be a potential biomarker for predicting incident cancers and mortality. Method From 2006 to 2018, we enrolled 889 cancer-free subjects at baseline. Serum VAP-1 levels were measured using a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Cancer and vital status of the participants were obtained by linking records with the computerized cancer registry and death certificates in Taiwan. Results During a median follow-up of 11.94 years, 69 subjects developed incident cancers and 66 subjects died, including 29 subjects who died from malignancy. Subjects in the highest tertile of serum VAP-1 had a significantly higher risk of cancer incidence (p=0.0006), cancer mortality (p=0.0001), and all-cause mortality (p=0.0002) than subjects in the other tertiles. The adjusted hazard ratios per one standard deviation increase in serum VAP-1 concentrations were 1.28 for cancer incidence (95% CI=1.01-1.62), 1.60 for cancer mortality (95% CI=1.14-2.23), and 1.38 for all-cause mortality (95% CI=1.09-1.75). The predictive performance of serum VAP-1 was better than that of gender, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and estimated glomerular filtration rate but lower than that of age for cancer incidence, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality, as evidenced by higher increments in concordance statistics and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusion Serum VAP-1 levels are associated with a 12-year risk of incident cancer, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality in a general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Chih Fan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Weng Yen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Pin Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chia Juan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Huei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyang-Rong Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Anti-Aging and Health Consultation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Heng Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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5
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Miao YD, Quan WX, Dong X, Gan J, Ji CF, Wang JT, Zhang F. Prognosis-related metabolic genes in the development of colorectal cancer progress and perspective. Gene 2023; 862:147263. [PMID: 36758843 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonplace malignant tumors in the world. The occurrence and development of CRC are involved in numerous events. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer and is convoluted and associated with carcinogenesis. Lots of metabolic genes are involved in the occurrence and progression of CRC. Study methods combining tumor genomics and metabolomics are more likely to explore this field in depth. In this mini-review, we make the latest progress and future prospects into the different molecular mechanisms of seven prognosis-related metabolic genes, we screened out in previous research, involved in the occurrence and development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Dong Miao
- The Cancer Center, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Wu-Xia Quan
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Xin Dong
- The Cancer Center, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Jian Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Cui-Feng Ji
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- The Cancer Center, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China.
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6
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Filip A, Taleb S, Bascetin R, Jahangiri M, Bardin M, Lerognon C, Fève B, Lacolley P, Jalkanen S, Mercier N. Increased atherosclerotic plaque in AOC3 knock-out in ApoE−/− mice and characterization of AOC3 in atherosclerotic human coronary arteries. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:848680. [PMID: 36176983 PMCID: PMC9513161 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.848680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) displays adhesion between leukocytes and endothelial cells and enzymatic functions. Given its controversial role in atherogenesis, we proposed to investigate the involvement of AOC3 in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE−/−AOC3−/− mice and human coronary arteries. Methods Lesions, contractile markers, and AOC3 were studied in aortic tissues from 15- and 25-week-old mice and different stages of human coronary atherosclerotic arteries by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or western blot. Human VSMCs, treated or not with LJP1586, an AOC3 inhibitor, were used to measure differentiation markers by qPCR. AOC3 co-localization with specific cell markers was studied by using confocal microscopy in mice and human samples. Results At 15 weeks old, the absence of AOC3 was associated with increased lesion size, α-SMA, and CD3 staining in the plaque independently of a cholesterol modification. At 25 weeks old, advanced plaques were larger with equivalent staining for α-SMA while CD3 increased in the media from ApoE−/−AOC3−/− mice. At both ages, the macrophage content of the lesion was not modified. Contractile markers decreased whereas MCP-1 appeared augmented only in the 15-week-old ApoE−/−AOC3. AOC3 is mainly expressed by mice and human VSMC is slightly expressed by endothelium but not by macrophages. Conclusion AOC3 knock-out increased atherosclerotic plaques at an early stage related to a VSMC dedifferentiation associated with a higher T cells recruitment in plaques explained by the MCP-1 augmentation. This suggests that AOC3 may have an important role in atherosclerosis independent of its canonical inflammatory effect. The dual role of AOC3 impacts therapeutic strategies using pharmacological regulators of SSAO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Filip
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Soraya Taleb
- Inserm UMR_S970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - Rümeyza Bascetin
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Mohammad Jahangiri
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Matthieu Bardin
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Cindy Lerognon
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, IHU ICAN, Service d'Endocrinologie, CRMR PRISIS, APHP Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Lacolley
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- Medicity Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nathalie Mercier
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aigue et Chronique (DCAC), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
- *Correspondence: Nathalie Mercier
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7
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Viitanen R, Virtanen H, Liljenbäck H, Moisio O, Li XG, Nicolini V, Richard M, Klein C, Nayak T, Jalkanen S, Roivainen A. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 Detects Pharmacodynamic Changes of FAP-Targeted IL2 Variant Immunotherapy in B16-FAP Melanoma Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901693. [PMID: 35874707 PMCID: PMC9298541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an inflammation-inducible adhesion molecule, which supports contact between leukocytes and inflamed endothelium. There is evidence that VAP-1 is involved in the recruitment of leukocytes to melanoma tumors. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based immunotherapy is an efficient therapy that promotes immune system activity against cancers but is associated with toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of PET/CT imaging using the radiotracer [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9, which is targeted to VAP-1, to monitor pharmacodynamic effects of a novel FAP-IL2v immunocytokine (a genetically engineered variant of IL-2 fused with fibroblast activation protein) in the B16-FAP melanoma model. At 9 days after the inoculation of B16-FAP melanoma cells, mice were studied with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/CT as a baseline measurement. Immediately after baseline imaging, mice were treated with FAP-IL2v or vehicle, and treatment was repeated 3 days later. Subsequent PET/CT imaging was performed 3, 5, and 7 days after baseline imaging. In addition to in vivo PET imaging, ex vivo autoradiography, histology, and immunofluorescence staining were performed on excised tumors. B16-FAP tumors were clearly detected with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/CT during the follow-up period, without differences in tumor volume between FAP-IL2v-treated and vehicle-treated groups. Tumor-to-muscle uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was significantly higher in the FAP-IL2v-treated group than in the vehicle-treated group 7 days after baseline imaging, and this was confirmed by tumor autoradiography analysis. FAP-IL2v treatment did not affect VAP-1 expression on the tumor vasculature. However, FAP-IL2v treatment increased the number of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells in tumors. The present study showed that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 can detect B16-FAP tumors and allows monitoring of FAP-IL2v treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valeria Nicolini
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marine Richard
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Tapan Nayak
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anne Roivainen,
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8
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Xu Q, Chen X, Yu T, Tang Q, Zhou Z, Wang H, Huang W, Huang T, Liang F. Downregulation of VAP-1 in OSCC suppresses tumor growth and metastasis via NF-κB/IL-8 signaling and reduces neutrophil infiltration. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:332-341. [PMID: 35174543 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is believed to play a role in inflammation. Studies have suggested that VAP-1-mediated activation of inflammation is dependent on NF-κB, leading to secretion of the interleukin(IL)-8; however, no reports have addressed the association between VAP-1 and NF-κB/IL-8 signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to investigate the role of VAP-1 in OSCC and further explore whether VAP-1 is involved in the regulation of neutrophil infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS Immunochemistry staining was used to observe VAP-1 expression. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to measure cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. OSCC xenograft mouse models were used for in vivo verification of the VAP-1 function. The expression of NF-κB and IL-8 were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot. ELISA for IL-8 was also conducted. The relationship between VAP-1 expression and neutrophil infiltration was analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS VAP-1 was overexpressed in human OSCC tissues. Downregulation of VAP-1 suppressed OSCC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and inhibited tumor proliferation and metastasis in vivo. Additionally, downregulation of VAP-1 inhibited NF-κB/IL-8 signaling in vitro and in vivo. VAP-1 expression was positively correlated with neutrophil infiltration in human OSCC tissues. Moreover, blocking VAP-1 decreased neutrophil infiltration by reducing IL-8 production. CONCLUSIONS VAP-1 downregulation in OSCC suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by inhibiting NF-κB/IL-8 signaling and reducing neutrophil infiltration in the TME, suggesting that VAP-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdong Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xueru Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qinchao Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zhuoqian Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Wanqian Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Tianjing Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Feixin Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
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9
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Vascular adhesion protein-1 and microvascular diabetic complications. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:40-46. [PMID: 35001320 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a bifunctional protein that has the ability to catalyze the deamination of primary amines and is involved in the production of hydrogen peroxide, aldehydes, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). VAP-1 is usually stored in intracellular vesicles of endothelial cells, smooth muscles, and adipocytes. It is responsible for leukocyte transmigration and adhesion. Overexpression of VAP-1 exacerbates oxidative stress and modulates a variety of inflammatory mediators linked with diabetic complications. Numerous studies have suggested the association of increased insulin levels with serum VAP-1 (sVAP-1). Preclinical research evidence suggests the increased activity of sVAP-1 in type 1 and 2 diabetes. Scientific reports on VAP-1 inhibitors have shown a reduction in severity in diabetic animal models. VAP-1 is a potential target of a therapeutically effective line of treatment for diabetes and diabetic complications such as nephropathy and retinopathy. The primary focus of this review is the role of VAP-1 in diabetes and its associated microvascular complications.
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10
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Kumar A, Bhatia M. Role of Hydrogen Sulfide, Substance P and Adhesion Molecules in Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212136. [PMID: 34830018 PMCID: PMC8622943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural response to tissue injury. Uncontrolled inflammatory response leads to inflammatory disease. Acute pancreatitis is one of the main reasons for hospitalization amongst gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. It has been demonstrated that endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter and substance P, a neuropeptide, are involved in the inflammatory process in acute pancreatitis. Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are key players in inflammatory disease. Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily, selectins, and integrins are involved at different steps of leukocyte migration from blood to the site of injury. When the endothelial cells get activated, the CAMs are upregulated which leads to them interacting with leukocytes. This review summarizes our current understanding of the roles H2S, substance P and adhesion molecules play in acute pancreatitis.
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11
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Boyer DS, Rippmann JF, Ehrlich MS, Bakker RA, Chong V, Nguyen QD. Amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3) inhibition: a potential novel target for the management of diabetic retinopathy. Int J Retina Vitreous 2021; 7:30. [PMID: 33845913 PMCID: PMC8042903 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-021-00288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of visual impairment in people aged 20–65 years and can go undetected until vision is irreversibly lost. There is a need for treatments for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) which, in comparison with current intravitreal (IVT) injections, offer an improved risk–benefit ratio and are suitable for the treatment of early stages of disease, during which there is no major visual impairment. Efficacious systemic therapy for NPDR, including oral treatment, would be an important and convenient therapeutic approach for patients and physicians and would reduce treatment burden. In this article, we review the rationale for the investigation of amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3), also known as semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase and vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP1), as a novel target for the early treatment of moderate to severe NPDR. AOC3 is a membrane-bound adhesion protein that facilitates the binding of leukocytes to the retinal endothelium. Adherent leukocytes reduce blood flow and in turn rupture blood vessels, leading to ischemia and edema. AOC3 inhibition reduces leukocyte recruitment and is predicted to decrease the production of reactive oxygen species, thereby correcting the underlying hypoxia, ischemia, and edema seen in DR, as well as improving vascular function. Conclusion There is substantial unmet need for convenient, non-invasive treatments targeting moderately severe and severe NPDR to reduce progression and preserve vision. The existing pharmacotherapies (IVT corticosteroids and IVT anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-A) target inflammation and angiogenesis, respectively. Unlike these treatments, AOC3 inhibition is predicted to address the underlying hypoxia and ischemia seen in DR. AOC3 inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating patients with DR and could offer greater choice and reduce treatment burden, with the potential to improve patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Boyer
- Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joerg F Rippmann
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - Remko A Bakker
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Victor Chong
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim Am Rhein, Germany
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12
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Unzeta M, Hernàndez-Guillamon M, Sun P, Solé M. SSAO/VAP-1 in Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073365. [PMID: 33805974 PMCID: PMC8036996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), also known as vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) or primary amine oxidase (PrAO), is a deaminating enzyme highly expressed in vessels that generates harmful products as a result of its enzymatic activity. As a multifunctional enzyme, it is also involved in inflammation through its ability to bind and promote the transmigration of circulating leukocytes into inflamed tissues. Inflammation is present in different systemic and cerebral diseases, including stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These pathologies show important affectations on cerebral vessels, together with increased SSAO levels. This review summarizes the main roles of SSAO/VAP-1 in human physiology and pathophysiology and discusses the mechanisms by which it can affect the onset and progression of both stroke and AD. As there is an evident interrelationship between stroke and AD, basically through the vascular system dysfunction, the possibility that SSAO/VAP-1 could be involved in the transition between these two pathologies is suggested. Hence, its inhibition is proposed to be an interesting therapeutical approach to the brain damage induced in these both cerebral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Unzeta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Auònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mar Hernàndez-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-896-766
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Montse Solé
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
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13
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Tékus V, Horváth ÁI, Csekő K, Szabadfi K, Kovács-Valasek A, Dányádi B, Deres L, Halmosi R, Sághy É, Varga ZV, Adeghate E, Kőszegi T, Mátyus P, Gábriel R, Ferdinandy P, Pintér E, Helyes Z. Protective effects of the novel amine-oxidase inhibitor multi-target drug SZV 1287 on streptozotocin-induced beta cell damage and diabetic complications in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111105. [PMID: 33338750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease leading to hyperglycemia due to insufficient pancreatic insulin production or effect. Amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) is an enzyme that belongs to the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase family, which may be a novel therapeutic target to treat diabetic complications. We aimed to explore the effects of AOC3 inhibition and to test the actions of our novel AOC3 inhibitor multi-target drug candidate, SZV 1287, compared to a selective reference compound, LJP 1207, in an 8-week long insulin-controlled streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg i.p.) rat diabetes model. Both AOC3 inhibitors (20 mg/kg, daily s.c. injections) were protective against STZ-induced pancreatic beta cell damage determined by insulin immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay, neuropathic cold hypersensitivity measured by paw withdrawal latency decrease from 0 °C water, and retinal dysfunction detected by electroretinography. SZV 1287 showed greater inhibitory effects on beta cell damage, and reduced retinal apoptosis shown by histochemistry. Mechanical hypersensitivity measured by aesthesiometry, cardiac dysfunction and nitrosative stress determined by echocardiography and immunohistochemistry/Western blot, respectively, serum Na+, K+, fructosamine, and urine microalbumin, creatinine, total protein/creatinine ratio alterations did not develop in response to diabetes. None of these parameters were influenced by the treatments except for SZV 1287 reducing serum fructosamine and LJP 1207 increasing urine creatinine. We provide the first evidence for protective effects of AOC3 inhibition on STZ-induced pancreatic beta cell damage, neuropathic cold hypersensitivity and diabetic retinal dysfunction. Long-term treatment with our novel multi-target analgesic candidate, SZV 1287, is safe and effective also under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Tékus
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám István Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Csekő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabadfi
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bese Dányádi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Deres
- Genomics and Experimental Cardiology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, H-1245, Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Halmosi
- Genomics and Experimental Cardiology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; 1st Department of Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Sághy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Mátyus
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Health and Public Services, Ferenc tér 15, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Gábriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629, Pécs, Hungary.
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14
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Chen X, Feng H, Liu H, Xu X, Wang J, Jin Z. Carotid imaging changes and serum IL-1β, sICAM-1, and sVAP-1 levels in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21494. [PMID: 33299063 PMCID: PMC7725769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo. This study was performed to evaluate serum levels of inflammatory factors and changes in B-mode carotid ultrasound findings in patients with BPPV. The study population consisted of 90 BPPV patients and 90 age- and sex-matched controls. ELISA was used to compare the levels of inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), prostaglandin-E2 (PG-E2), and soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 (sVAP-1), between BPPV patients and controls. In addition, the results of ultrasonographic imaging to determine carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), carotid atheromatous plaque, and vertebral artery stenosis were also compared between the BPPV and control groups. Serum levels of IL-1β, sICAM-1, and sVAP-1 were significantly higher in BPPV patients than controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively). C-IMT and vertebral artery stenosis were significantly different in BPPV patients compared to controls (both P < 0.05). There were no significant relations between other parameters and BPPV. IL-1β, sICAM-1, and sVAP-1 are potentially associated with the pathogenesis of BPPV, and C-ITM and carotid vertebral stenosis may be useful reference imaging findings for the diagnosis of BPPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Chen
- Aerospace Balance Medical Center, Chinese PLA Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China.,People's Liberation Army Troops of 95935 Unit, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Huimin Feng
- Aerospace Balance Medical Center, Chinese PLA Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China.,Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- Aerospace Balance Medical Center, Chinese PLA Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China.,Department of Medical Identification, Chinese PLA Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xianrong Xu
- Aerospace Balance Medical Center, Chinese PLA Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jianchang Wang
- Chinese PLA Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhanguo Jin
- Aerospace Balance Medical Center, Chinese PLA Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China. .,Aviation Physiology Identification and Training Laboratory, Chinese PLA Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, 100142, China.
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15
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Vakal S, Jalkanen S, Dahlström KM, Salminen TA. Human Copper-Containing Amine Oxidases in Drug Design and Development. Molecules 2020; 25:E1293. [PMID: 32178384 PMCID: PMC7144023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two members of the copper-containing amine oxidase family are physiologically important proteins: (1) Diamine oxidase (hDAO; AOC1) with a preference for diamines is involved in degradation of histamine and (2) Vascular adhesion protein-1 (hVAP-1; AOC3) with a preference for monoamines is a multifunctional cell-surface receptor and an enzyme. hVAP-1-targeted inhibitors are designed to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer, whereas the off-target binding of the designed inhibitors to hDAO might result in adverse drug reactions. The X-ray structures for both human enzymes are solved and provide the basis for computer-aided inhibitor design, which has been reported by several research groups. Although the putative off-target effect of hDAO is less studied, computational methods could be easily utilized to avoid the binding of VAP-1-targeted inhibitors to hDAO. The choice of the model organism for preclinical testing of hVAP-1 inhibitors is not either trivial due to species-specific binding properties of designed inhibitors and different repertoire of copper-containing amine oxidase family members in mammalian species. Thus, the facts that should be considered in hVAP-1-targeted inhibitor design are discussed in light of the applied structural bioinformatics and structural biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Vakal
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (S.V.); (K.M.D.)
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Käthe M. Dahlström
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (S.V.); (K.M.D.)
| | - Tiina A. Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (S.V.); (K.M.D.)
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16
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Dincgez Cakmak B, Dundar B, Ketenci Gencer F, Yildiz DE, Bayram F, Ozgen G, Aydin Boyama B. Assessment of relationship between serum vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) and gestational diabetes mellitus. Biomarkers 2019; 24:750-756. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1684562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Dincgez Cakmak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Betul Dundar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ketenci Gencer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Durkadin Elif Yildiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Bayram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulten Ozgen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Burcu Aydin Boyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medipol University Esenler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Lopes de Carvalho L, Bligt-Lindén E, Ramaiah A, Johnson MS, Salminen TA. Evolution and functional classification of mammalian copper amine oxidases. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106571. [PMID: 31351182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian copper-containing amine oxidases (CAOs), encoded by four genes (AOC1-4) and catalyzing the oxidation of primary amines to aldehydes, regulate many biological processes and are linked to various diseases including inflammatory conditions and histamine intolerance. Despite the known differences in their substrate preferences, CAOs are currently classified based on their preference for either primary monoamines (EC 1.4.3.21) or diamines (EC 1.4.3.22). Here, we present the first extensive phylogenetic study of CAOs that, combined with structural analyses of the CAO active sites, provides in-depth knowledge of their relationships and guidelines for classification of mammalian CAOs into AOC1-4 sub-families. The phylogenetic results show that CAOs can be classified based on two residues, X1 and X2, from the active site motif: T/S-X1-X2-N-Y-D. Residue X2 discriminates among the AOC1 (Tyr), AOC2 (Gly), and AOC3/AOC4 (Leu) proteins, while residue X1 further classifies the AOC3 (Leu) and AOC4 (Met) proteins that so far have been poorly identified and annotated. Residues X1 and X2 conserved within each sub-family and located in the catalytic site seem to be the key determinants for the unique substrate preference of each CAO sub-family. Furthermore, one residue located at 10 Å distance from the catalytic site is different between the sub-families but highly conserved within each sub-family (Asp in AOC1, His in AOC2, Thr in AOC3 and Asn in AOC4) and likely contributes to substrate selectivity. Altogether, our results will benefit the design of new sub-family specific inhibitors and the design of in vitro tests to detect individual CAO levels for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Lopes de Carvalho
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva Bligt-Lindén
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tamil Nadu 627412, India
| | - Mark S Johnson
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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18
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Siitonen R, Peuhu E, Autio A, Liljenbäck H, Mattila E, Metsälä O, Käkelä M, Saanijoki T, Dijkgraaf I, Jalkanen S, Ivaska J, Roivainen A. 68Ga-DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)] 2 PET Imaging of SHARPIN-Regulated Integrin Activity in Mice. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1380-1387. [PMID: 30850498 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.222026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank-associated RH domain-interacting protein (SHARPIN) is a cytosolic protein that plays a key role in activation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells and regulation of inflammation. Furthermore, SHARPIN controls integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration in several normal and malignant cell types, and loss of SHARPIN correlates with increased integrin activity in mice. Arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD), a cell adhesion tripeptide motif, is an integrin recognition sequence that facilitates PET imaging of integrin upregulation during tumor angiogenesis. We hypothesized that increased integrin activity due to loss of SHARPIN protein would affect the uptake of αvβ3-selective cyclic, dimeric peptide 68Ga-DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)]2, where E[c(RGDfk)]2 = glutamic acid-[cyclo(arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid-D-phenylalanine-lysine)], both in several tissue types and in the tumor microenvironment. To test this hypothesis, we used RGD-based in vivo PET imaging to evaluate wild-type (wt) and SHARPIN-deficient mice (Sharpin cpdm , where cpdm = chronic proliferative dermatitis in mice) with and without melanoma tumor allografts. Methods: Sharpin cpdm mice with spontaneous null mutation in the Sharpin gene and their wt littermates with or without B16-F10-luc melanoma tumors were studied by in vivo imaging and ex vivo measurements with cyclic-RGD peptide 68Ga-DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)]2 After the last 68Ga-DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)]2 peptide PET/CT, tumors were cut into cryosections for autoradiography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Results: The ex vivo uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)]2 in the mouse skin and tumor was significantly higher in Sharpin cpdm mice than in wt mice. B16-F10-luc tumors were detected 4 d after inoculation, without differences in volume or blood flow between the mouse strains. PET imaging with 68Ga-DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)]2 peptide at day 10 after inoculation revealed significantly higher uptake in the tumors transplanted into Sharpin cpdm mice than in wt mice. Furthermore, tumor vascularization was increased in the Sharpin cpdm mice. Conclusion: Sharpin cpdm mice demonstrated increased integrin activity and vascularization in B16-F10-luc melanoma tumors, as demonstrated by RGD-based in vivo PET imaging. These data indicate that SHARPIN, a protein previously associated with increased cancer growth and metastasis, may also have important regulatory roles in controlling the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia Peuhu
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,FICAN West Cancer Research Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Mattila
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Metsälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Meeri Käkelä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland .,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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19
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Abstract
Significance: Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an ectoenzyme that oxidates primary amines in a reaction producing also hydrogen peroxide. VAP-1 on the blood vessel endothelium regulates leukocyte extravasation from the blood into tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent Advances: Inhibition of VAP-1 by neutralizing antibodies and by several novel small-molecule enzyme inhibitors interferes with leukocyte trafficking and alleviates inflammation in many experimental models. Targeting of VAP-1 also shows beneficial effects in several other diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion, fibrosis, and cancer. Moreover, soluble VAP-1 levels may serve as a new prognostic biomarker in selected diseases. Critical Issues: Understanding the contribution of the enzyme activity-independent and enzyme activity-dependent functions, which often appear to be mediated by the hydrogen peroxide production, in the VAP-1 biology will be crucial. Similarly, there is a pressing need to understand which of the VAP-1 functions are regulated through the modulation of leukocyte trafficking, and what is the role of VAP-1 synthesized in adipose and smooth muscle cells. Future Directions: The specificity and selectivity of new VAP-1 inhibitors, and their value in animal models under therapeutic settings need to be addressed. Results from several programs studying the therapeutic potential of VAP-1 inhibition, which now are in clinical trials, will reveal the relevance of this amine oxidase in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Salmi
- 1 MediCity , Turku, Finland .,2 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- 1 MediCity , Turku, Finland .,2 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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20
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Wang SH, Yu TY, Tsai FC, Weston CJ, Lin MS, Hung CS, Kao HL, Li YI, Solé M, Unzeta M, Chen YL, Chuang LM, Li HY. Inhibition of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Transl Res 2018; 197:12-31. [PMID: 29653075 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, oxidative stress, and formation of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) are important for atherosclerosis. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation and has semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity, which catalyzes oxidative deamination to produce hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes, leading to generation of AGEs and ALEs. However, the effect of VAP-1/SSAO inhibition on atherosclerosis remains controversial, and no studies used coronary angiography to evaluate if plasma VAP-1/SSAO is a biomarker for coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we examined if plasma VAP-1/SSAO is a biomarker for CAD diagnosed by coronary angiography in humans and investigated the effect of VAP-1/SSAO inhibition by a specific inhibitor PXS-4728A on atherosclerosis in cell and animal models. In the study, VAP-1/SSAO expression was increased in plaques in humans and in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice, and colocalized with vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Patients with CAD had higher plasma VAP-1/SSAO than those without CAD. Plasma VAP-1/SSAO was positively associated with the extent of CAD. In ApoE-deficient mice, VAP-1/SSAO inhibition reduced atheroma and decreased oxidative stress. VAP-1/SSAO inhibition attenuated the expression of adhesion molecules, chemoattractant proteins, and proinflammatory cytokines in the aorta, and suppressed monocyte adhesion and transmigration across human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Consequently, the expression of markers for macrophage recruitment and activation in plaques was decreased by VAP-1/SSAO inhibition. Besides, VAP-1/SSAO inhibition suppressed proliferation and migration of A7r5 SMC. Our data suggest that plasma VAP-1/SSAO is a novel biomarker for the presence and the extent of CAD in humans. VAP-1/SSAO inhibition by PXS-4728A is a potential treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Huei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ya Yu
- Health Management Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chiao Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chris J Weston
- Centre for Liver Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mao-Shin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-I Li
- Department and Graduate Institute of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Montse Solé
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Inhibition of Semicarbazide-sensitive Amine Oxidase Reduces Atherosclerosis in Cholesterol-fed New Zealand White Rabbits. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9249. [PMID: 29915377 PMCID: PMC6006253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27551-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, oxidative stress, and the formation of advanced glycated end-products (AGEs) are important components of atherosclerosis. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) participates in inflammation. Its enzymatic activity, semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), can catalyze oxidative deamination reactions to produce hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes, leading to the subsequent generation of AGEs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of VAP-1/SSAO inhibition on atherosclerosis. In our study, immunohistochemical staining showed that atherosclerotic plaques displayed higher VAP-1 expression than normal arterial walls in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits and humans. In cholesterol-fed rabbits, VAP-1 was expressed on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the thickened intima of the aorta. Treatment with PXS-4728A, a selective VAP-1/SSAO inhibitor, in cholesterol-fed rabbits significantly decreased SSAO-specific hydrogen peroxide generation in the aorta and reduced atherosclerotic plaques. VAP-1/SSAO inhibition also lowered blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduced the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines, suppressed recruitment and activation of macrophages, and decreased migration and proliferation of SMC. In conclusion, VAP-1/SSAO inhibition reduces atherosclerosis and may act through suppression of several important mechanisms for atherosclerosis.
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22
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Elo P, Tadayon S, Liljenbäck H, Teuho J, Käkelä M, Koskensalo K, Saunavaara V, Virta J, Veres TZ, Kiviniemi A, Saraste A, Marjamäki P, Airas L, Jalkanen S, Roivainen A. Vascular adhesion protein-1 is actively involved in the development of inflammatory lesions in rat models of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:128. [PMID: 29716612 PMCID: PMC5930736 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an inflammation-inducible endothelial cell molecule and primary amine oxidase that mediates leukocyte entry to sites of inflammation. However, there is limited knowledge of the inflammation-related expression of VAP-1 in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, we investigated the expression of VAP-1 within the CNS vasculature in two focal rat models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mimicking multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods EAE was induced either with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, resulting in a delayed-type hypersensitivity-like pathogenesis (fDTH-EAE), or with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (fMOG-EAE). A subgroup of fMOG-EAE rats were treated daily with a selective VAP-1 inhibitor (LJP1586; 5 mg/kg). On 3 and 14 days after lesion activation, rat brains were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ex vivo autoradiography was conducted to evaluate the binding of Gallium-68-labelled VAP-1 ligand. Histology and immunohistochemistry (OX-42, VAP-1, intercellular adhesion protein-1 [ICAM-1], P-selectin) supported the ex vivo autoradiography. Results EAE lesions showed MRI-detectable signal changes and binding of the VAP-1-targeting radiotracer in both rat models. Some of the VAP-1 positive vessels showed morphological features typical for high endothelial-like venules at sites of inflammation. Inhibition of VAP-1 activity with small molecule inhibitor, LJP1586, decreased lymphocyte density in the acute inflammatory phase of fMOG-EAE lesions (day 3, P = 0.026 vs. untreated), but not in the remission phase (day 14, P = 0.70 vs. untreated), and had no effect on the amount of OX-42-positive cells in either phase. LJP1586 treatment reduced VAP-1 and ICAM-1 expression in the acute inflammatory phase, whereas P-selectin remained not detectable at all studied stages of the disease. Conclusions Our results revealed that VAP-1 is expressed and functionally active in vasculature within the induced focal EAE lesions during the acute phase of inflammation and remains expressed after the acute inflammation has subsided. The study indicates that VAP-1 is actively involved in the development of inflammatory CNS lesions. During this process, the endothelial cell lesion-related vasculature seem to undergo a structural transformation from regular flat-walled endothelium to HEV-like endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Elo
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sina Tadayon
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Meeri Käkelä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical physics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tibor Z Veres
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Aida Kiviniemi
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Marjamäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Airas
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.,Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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23
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Comparison of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 and 18F-Fluorodeoxyribose-Siglec-9: Inflammation Imaging and Radiation Dosimetry. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:7645070. [PMID: 29463960 PMCID: PMC5804415 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7645070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 9 (Siglec-9) is a ligand of inflammation-inducible vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1). We compared 68Ga-DOTA- and 18F-fluorodeoxyribose- (FDR-) labeled Siglec-9 motif peptides for PET imaging of inflammation. Methods. Firstly, we examined 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 and 18F-FDR-Siglec-9 in rats with skin/muscle inflammation. We then studied 18F-FDR-Siglec-9 for the detection of inflamed atherosclerotic plaques in mice and compared it with previous 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 results. Lastly, we estimated human radiation dosimetry from the rat data. Results. In rats, 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 (SUV, 0.88 ± 0.087) and 18F-FDR-Siglec-9 (SUV, 0.77 ± 0.22) showed comparable (P = 0.29) imaging of inflammation. In atherosclerotic mice, 18F-FDR-Siglec-9 detected inflamed plaques with a target-to-background ratio (1.6 ± 0.078) similar to previously tested 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 (P = 0.35). Human effective dose estimates for 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 and 18F-FDR-Siglec-9 were 0.024 and 0.022 mSv/MBq, respectively. Conclusion. Both tracers are suitable for PET imaging of inflammation. The easier production and lower cost of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 present advantages over 18F-FDR-Siglec-9, indicating it as a primary choice for clinical studies.
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24
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Yamaki S, Yamada H, Nagashima A, Kondo M, Shimada Y, Kadono K, Yoshihara K. Synthesis and structure activity relationships of carbamimidoylcarbamate derivatives as novel vascular adhesion protein-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6024-6038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Correlation of serum vascular adhesion protein-1 with airflow limitation and quality of life in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2017; 132:149-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Mozos I, Malainer C, Horbańczuk J, Gug C, Stoian D, Luca CT, Atanasov AG. Inflammatory Markers for Arterial Stiffness in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1058. [PMID: 28912780 PMCID: PMC5583158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness predicts an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Inflammation plays a major role in large arteries stiffening, related to atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell migration, vascular calcification, increased activity of metalloproteinases, extracellular matrix degradation, oxidative stress, elastolysis, and degradation of collagen. The present paper reviews main mechanisms explaining the crosstalk between inflammation and arterial stiffness and the most common inflammatory markers associated with increased arterial stiffness, considering the most recent clinical and experimental studies. Diverse studies revealed significant correlations between the severity of arterial stiffness and inflammatory markers, such as white blood cell count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, adhesion molecules, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, cytokines, microRNAs, and cyclooxygenase-2, in patients with a broad variety of diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, malignant and rheumatic disorders, polycystic kidney disease, renal transplant, familial Mediterranean fever, and oral infections, and in women with preeclampsia or after menopause. There is strong evidence that inflammation plays an important and, at least, partly reversible role in the development of arterial stiffness, and inflammatory markers may be useful additional tools in the assessment of the cardiovascular risk in clinical practice. Combined assessment of arterial stiffness and inflammatory markers may improve non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular risk, enabling selection of high-risk patients for prophylactic treatment or more regular medical examination. Development of future destiffening therapies may target pro-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Jarosław Horbańczuk
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Cristina Gug
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Stoian
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Constantin Tudor Luca
- Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Becchi S, Buson A, Foot J, Jarolimek W, Balleine BW. Inhibition of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein-1 reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2302-2317. [PMID: 28437839 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuroinflammation is initiated by a variety of stimuli including infections, sepsis, neurodegenerative diseases or traumatic brain injury and, if not adequately controlled, can lead to various degrees of neuronal damage and behavioural impairment. A critical event in the initial steps of inflammation is neutrophil extravasation. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO, also known as vascular adhesion protein 1 or VAP-1) regulates neutrophil adhesion and extravasation. Here, we elucidate the role of SSAO/VAP-1 in the early stage inflammatory response after LPS insult in the brain. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PXS-4681A, a selective and irreversible SSAO/VAP-1 inhibitor, was tested in two rat models of neuroinflammation, following systemic or i.c.v. LPS. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques were used to measure neutrophils and microglia. VAP-1 was quantitated by Western blotting. KEY RESULTS Both systemic and i.c.v. administration of LPS induced an increase in neutrophil recruitment and microglial response in various brain areas including the substantia nigra and striatum. PXS-4681A produced a significant inhibition of neutrophil recruitment and extravasation after i.c.v. LPS injection and also reversed microglial cell recruitment and morphological changes to the level of the sham controls in both LPS models. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PXS-4681A acted as an effective anti-inflammatory agent after both systemic and i.c.v. LPS injections suggesting that SSAO/VAP-1 inhibition could be beneficial in the treatment of brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Becchi
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Bernard W Balleine
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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28
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Zhang Y, Yi W, Yao J, Yu X, Qian C, Hu Z. Hypoxia serves a key function in the upregulated expression of vascular adhesion protein‑1 in vitro and in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627649 PMCID: PMC5562078 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock following major trauma results in mortality, but the function of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), implicated in intracranial hemorrhage, remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether expression of the AOC3 gene and its encoded protein, VAP-1, is altered by hypoxia. Rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (RHSECs) and rat intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (RIMECs) were transduced with a viral vector carrying AOC3, and AOC3 mRNA expression levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. VAP-1 protein expression levels were measured by western blot analysis and compared between normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Following this, AOC3 mRNA and VAP-1 protein expression levels in hepatic and intestinal tissues were assessed in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock with or without fluid resuscitation; and serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity was measured by fluorometric assays. The effects of 2-bromoethylamine (2-BEA) on AOC3/VAP-1 levels and 24 h survival were investigated. AOC3 mRNA and VAP-1 protein levels were increased in RHSECs and RIMECs by hypoxia, and in hepatic and intestinal tissues from rats following hemorrhagic shock. Hypoxia increased serum SSAO activity in these animals. 2-BEA reduced AOC3 mRNA and VAP-1 protein levels in hepatic and intestinal tissues from rats following hemorrhagic shock, and appeared to improve survival in animals not receiving resuscitation following hemorrhagic shock. In conclusion, hemorrhagic shock upregulates AOC3/VAP-1 expressions, and this potentially occurs via hypoxia. Therefore, inhibition of VAP-1 may be beneficial in the setting of hemorrhagic shock. Further studies are required to confirm these findings and to establish whether VAP-1 may be a valid target for the development of novel therapies for hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of General Surgery, China People's Liberation Army No. 94 Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Maternity & Child Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqian Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Yamaki S, Koga Y, Nagashima A, Kondo M, Shimada Y, Kadono K, Moritomo A, Yoshihara K. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of glycine amide derivatives as novel vascular adhesion protein-1 inhibitors without CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4110-4122. [PMID: 28601507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Here, we conducted optimization studies of our lead compound 1, which we previously reported as a novel VAP-1 inhibitor, to enhance the inhibition of human VAP-1 and to reduce CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 inhibition. As a result, we identified 3-chloro-4-{4-[5-(3-{[glycyl(methyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}benzoic acid (17h) as a novel orally active VAP-1 inhibitor, with 14-fold increased human VAP-1 inhibitory activity compared to 1, without CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 inhibition. Oral administration of 17h significantly inhibited the progression of proteinuria in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats at 0.3 and 1mg/kg, suggesting that this compound has potential to be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yamaki
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuji Koga
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Nagashima
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kondo
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shimada
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kadono
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Ayako Moritomo
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Yoshihara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
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30
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Marttila-Ichihara F, Elima K, Auvinen K, Veres TZ, Rantakari P, Weston C, Miyasaka M, Adams D, Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Amine oxidase activity regulates the development of pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J 2017; 31:2477-2491. [PMID: 28251930 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600935r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In pulmonary fibrosis, an inflammatory reaction and differentiation of myofibroblasts culminate in pathologic deposition of collagen. Amine oxidase copper containing-3 (AOC3) is a cell-surface-expressed oxidase that regulates leukocyte extravasation. Here we analyzed the potential role of AOC3 using gene-modified and inhibitor-treated mice in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Inflammation and fibrosis of lungs were assessed by histologic, flow cytometric, and quantitative PCR analysis. AOC3-deficient mice showed a 30-50% reduction in fibrosis, collagen synthesis, numbers of myofibroblasts, and accumulation of CD4+ lymphocytes, NK T cells, macrophages, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells compared with wild-type control mice. AOC3-knock-in mice, which express a catalytically inactive form of AOC3, were also protected from lung fibrosis. In wild-type mice, a small-molecule AOC3 inhibitor treatment reduced leukocyte infiltration, myofibroblast differentiation, and fibrotic injury both in prophylactic and early therapeutic settings by about 50% but was unable to reverse the established fibrosis. AOC3 was also induced in myofibroblasts in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, the oxidase activity of AOC3 contributes to the development of lung fibrosis mainly by regulating the accumulation of pathogenic leukocyte subtypes, which drive the fibrotic response.-Marttila-Ichihara, F., Elima, K., Auvinen, K., Veres, T. Z., Rantakari, P., Weston, C., Miyasaka, M., Adams, D., Jalkanen, S., Salmi, M. Amine oxidase activity regulates the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kati Elima
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Auvinen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tibor Z Veres
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Rantakari
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christopher Weston
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Masayuki Miyasaka
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
| | - David Adams
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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31
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Malyszko J, Koc-Zorawska E, Kozminski P, Malyszko JS. Vascular adhesion protein-1 in hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration patients: effect of single hemodialysis session on its level in regard to type of anticoagulant. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 49:875-879. [PMID: 28044236 PMCID: PMC5403847 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traditional anticoagulants used in intermittent hemodialysis (HD) are unfractionated heparin (UFH) and increasingly low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs). Repeated and prolonged exposure to UFH and/or LMWHs may further disturb hemostasis in uremic patients. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is secreted by vascular smooth muscle cells, adipocytes and endothelial cells with functional monoamine oxidase activity and is elevated in atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of UFH and LMWHs on VAP-1 concentration in HD patients. The effects on single HD session on VAP-1 were also evaluated as well as VAP-1 levels in regard to type of renal replacement therapy. METHODS We studied 82 hemodialyzed patients (mean age 63 years, dialysis vintage 59 months) and 17 patients treated by means of hemodiafiltration (HDF) (mean age 59 years, HD vintage 84 months, HDF 7 months). Patients were anticoagulated with enoxaparin (n = 46), dalteparin (n = 10), nadroparin (n = 6) or UFH (n = 20) during their HD sessions. VAP-1 was assessed using kits from BioVendor, Modrice, Czech Republic. RESULTS Patients on HDF had significantly lower VAP-1 when compared with HD patients. We found that VAP-1 concentration in patients dialyzed by using LMWH or UFH was similar. There was no effect on HD session on VAP-1 concentration. Diabetic patients had higher serum VAP-1 than non-diabetic. CONCLUSIONS HDF is associated with lower VAP-1 levels indicating less pronounced endothelial cell injury than hemodialysis. Type of heparin seems to have no effect on VAP-1 levels in hemodialyzed patients. However, the cross-sectional but not prospective design is a limitation of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Malyszko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Koc-Zorawska
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Jacek S Malyszko
- 1st Department Nephrology and Transplantology with Dialysis Unit, Medical University, Białystok, Poland
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Multivalent Interactions of Human Primary Amine Oxidase with the V and C22 Domains of Sialic Acid-Binding Immunoglobulin-Like Lectin-9 Regulate Its Binding and Amine Oxidase Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166935. [PMID: 27893774 PMCID: PMC5125647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-9 (Siglec-9) on leukocyte surface is a counter-receptor for endothelial cell surface adhesin, human primary amine oxidase (hAOC3), a target protein for anti-inflammatory agents. This interaction can be used to detect inflammation and cancer in vivo, since the labeled peptides derived from the second C2 domain (C22) of Siglec-9 specifically bind to the inflammation-inducible hAOC3. As limited knowledge on the interaction between Siglec-9 and hAOC3 has hampered both hAOC3-targeted drug design and in vivo imaging applications, we have now produced and purified the extracellular region of Siglec-9 (Siglec-9-EC) consisting of the V, C21 and C22 domains, modeled its 3D structure and characterized the hAOC3–Siglec-9 interactions using biophysical methods and activity/inhibition assays. Our results assign individual, previously unknown roles for the V and C22 domains. The V domain is responsible for the unusually tight Siglec-9–hAOC3 interactions whereas the intact C22 domain of Siglec-9 is required for modulating the enzymatic activity of hAOC3, crucial for the hAOC3-mediated leukocyte trafficking. By characterizing the Siglec-9-EC mutants, we could conclude that R120 in the V domain likely interacts with the terminal sialic acids of hAOC3 attached glycans whereas residues R284 and R290 in C22 are involved in the interactions with the active site channel of hAOC3. Furthermore, the C22 domain binding enhances the enzymatic activity of hAOC3 although the sialic acid-binding capacity of the V domain of Siglec-9 is abolished by the R120S mutation. To conclude, our results prove that the V and C22 domains of Siglec-9-EC interact with hAOC3 in a multifaceted and unique way, forming both glycan-mediated and direct protein-protein interactions, respectively. The reported results on the mechanism of the Siglec-9–hAOC3 interaction are valuable for the development of hAOC3-targeted therapeutics and diagnostic tools.
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Jarnicki AG, Schilter H, Liu G, Wheeldon K, Essilfie AT, Foot JS, Yow TT, Jarolimek W, Hansbro PM. The inhibitor of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, PXS-4728A, ameliorates key features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a mouse model. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3161-3175. [PMID: 27495192 PMCID: PMC5071557 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of illness and death, often induced by cigarette smoking (CS). It is characterized by pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis that impairs lung function. Existing treatments aim to control symptoms but have low efficacy, and there are no broadly effective treatments. A new potential target is the ectoenzyme, semicarbazide-sensitive mono-amine oxidase (SSAO; also known as vascular adhesion protein-1). SSAO is elevated in smokers' serum and is a pro-inflammatory enzyme facilitating adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes from the vasculature to sites of inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH PXS-4728A was developed as a low MW inhibitor of SSAO. A model of COPD induced by CS in mice reproduces key aspects of human COPD, including chronic airway inflammation, fibrosis and impaired lung function. This model was used to assess suppression of SSAO activity and amelioration of inflammation and other characteristic features of COPD. KEY RESULTS Treatment with PXS-4728A completely inhibited lung and systemic SSAO activity induced by acute and chronic CS-exposure. Daily oral treatment inhibited airway inflammation (immune cell influx and inflammatory factors) induced by acute CS-exposure. Therapeutic treatment during chronic CS-exposure, when the key features of experimental COPD develop and progress, substantially suppressed inflammatory cell influx and fibrosis in the airways and improved lung function. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Treatment with a low MW inhibitor of SSAO, PXS-4728A, suppressed airway inflammation and fibrosis and improved lung function in experimental COPD, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of PXS-4728A for this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Jarnicki
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Schilter
- Drug Discovery Department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Liu
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - K Wheeldon
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - A-T Essilfie
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J S Foot
- Drug Discovery Department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - T T Yow
- Drug Discovery Department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - W Jarolimek
- Drug Discovery Department, Pharmaxis Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P M Hansbro
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Yamaki S, Suzuki D, Fujiyasu J, Neya M, Nagashima A, Kondo M, Akabane T, Kadono K, Moritomo A, Yoshihara K. Synthesis and structure activity relationships of glycine amide derivatives as novel Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:187-201. [PMID: 27810440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of several inflammatory-related diseases including diabetic microvascular complication. We identified glycine amide derivative 3 as a novel structure with moderate VAP-1 inhibitory activity. Structure-activity relationship studies of glycine amide derivatives revealed that the tertiary amide moiety is important for stability in rat blood and that the position of substituents on the left phenyl ring plays an important role in VAP-1 inhibitory activity. We also found that low TPSA values and weak basicity are both important for high PAMPA values for glycine amide derivatives. These findings led to the identification of a series of orally active compounds with enhanced VAP-1 inhibitory activity. Of these compounds, 4g exhibited the most potent ex vivo efficacy, with plasma VAP-1 inhibitory activity of 60% after oral administration at 1mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yamaki
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujiyasu
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Neya
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Nagashima
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kondo
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Takafumi Akabane
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Keitaro Kadono
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Ayako Moritomo
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kosei Yoshihara
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
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Leukocyte trafficking-associated vascular adhesion protein 1 is expressed and functionally active in atherosclerotic plaques. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35089. [PMID: 27731409 PMCID: PMC5059718 DOI: 10.1038/srep35089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the important role of inflammation and the potential association of the leukocyte trafficking-associated adhesion molecule vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) with atherosclerosis, this study examined whether functional VAP-1 is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and, if so, whether it could be targeted by positron emission tomography (PET). First, immunohistochemistry revealed that VAP-1 localized to endothelial cells of intra-plaque neovessels in human carotid endarterectomy samples from patients with recent ischemic symptoms. In low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice expressing only apolipoprotein B100 (LDLR-/-ApoB100/100), VAP-1 was expressed on endothelial cells lining inflamed atherosclerotic lesions; normal vessel walls in aortas of C57BL/6N control mice were VAP-1-negative. Second, we discovered that the focal uptake of VAP-1 targeting sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 9 based PET tracer [68Ga]DOTA-Siglec-9 in atherosclerotic plaques was associated with the density of activated macrophages (r = 0.58, P = 0.022). As a final point, we found that the inhibition of VAP-1 activity with small molecule LJP1586 decreased the density of macrophages in inflamed atherosclerotic plaques in mice. Our results suggest for the first time VAP-1 as a potential imaging target for inflamed atherosclerotic plaques, and corroborate VAP-1 inhibition as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Peng Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Niu P, Yang M, Yang Y, Zhao Y. Inactivation of Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase Stabilizes the Established Atherosclerotic Lesions via Inducing the Phenotypic Switch of Smooth Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152758. [PMID: 27043821 PMCID: PMC4820117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that the elevated serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity is associated with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis in clinic, the current study aims to investigate whether SSAO inactivation by semicarbazide is beneficial for established atherosclerotic lesions in LDLr knockout mice on a high-fat/high- cholesterol Western-type diet or after dietary lipid lowering. Despite no impact on plasma total cholesterol levels, the infiltration of circulating monocytes into peripheral tissues, and the size of atherosclerotic lesions, abrogation of SSAO activity resulted in the stabilization of established lesions as evidenced by the increased collagen contents under both conditions. Moreover, SSAO inactivation decreased Ly6Chigh monocytosis and lesion macrophage contents in hypercholesterolemic mice, while no effect was observed in mice after normalization of hypercholesterolemia by dietary lipid lowering. Strikingly, abrogation of SSAO activity significantly increased not only the absolute numbers of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), but also the percent of SMCs with a synthetic phenotype in established lesions of mice regardless of plasma cholesterol levels. Overall, our data indicate that SSAO inactivation in vivo stabilizes the established plaques mainly via inducing the switch of SMCs from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. Targeting SSAO activity thus may represent a potential treatment for patients with atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/genetics
- Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)/metabolism
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/chemically induced
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Dietary Fats/adverse effects
- Dietary Fats/pharmacology
- Female
- Macrophages/enzymology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocytes/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/chemically induced
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/enzymology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Panpan Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Mengya Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
- Modern Medical Research Center, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (YY)
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (YY)
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Inactivation of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase induces the phenotypic switch of smooth muscle cells and aggravates the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:76-82. [PMID: 27065245 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Clinical studies have demonstrated that serum semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activities positively correlate with the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of SSAO inactivation on the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS Female LDLr knockout (KO) mice were given the Western-type diet for 6 and 9 weeks to induce the formation of early and advanced lesions, and semicarbazide (SCZ, 0.125%) was added into the drinking water to inactivate SSAO in vivo. RESULTS Despite no impact on plasma total cholesterol levels, abrogation of SSAO by SCZ not only resulted in the enlargement of both early (1.5-fold, p = 0.0043) and advanced (1.8-fold, p = 0.0013) atherosclerotic lesions, but also led to reduced/increased lesion contents of macrophages/smooth muscle cells (SMCs) (macrophage: ∼0.74-fold, p = 0.0002(early)/0.0016(advanced); SMC: ∼1.55-fold, p = 0.0003(early)/0.0001(advanced)), respectively. Moreover, SSAO inactivation inhibited the migration of circulating monocytes into peripheral tissues and reduced the amount of circulating Ly6C(high) monocytes (0.7-fold, p = 0.0001), which may account for the reduced macrophage content in lesions. In contrast, the increased number of SMCs in lesions of SCZ-treated mice is attributed to an augmented synthetic vascular SMC phenotype switch as evidenced by the increased proliferation of SMCs and accumulation of collagens in vivo. CONCLUSION SSAO inactivation by SCZ promotes the phenotypic switch of SMCs and the development of atherosclerosis. The enzymatic activity of SSAO may thus represent a potential target in the prevention and/or treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Kostoro J, Chang SJ, Clark Lai YC, Wu CC, Chai CY, Kwan AL. Overexpression of vascular adhesion protein-1 is associated with poor prognosis of astrocytomas. APMIS 2016; 124:462-8. [PMID: 26935340 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is one of the endothelial adhesion molecules that is believed to play a role in tumor progression and metastasis, supporting cancer cell extravasation. Very few studies have been performed on analyzing the contribution of VAP-1 in brain tumor. Astrocytomas are the most common type of brain tumors, which are classified by World Health Organization (WHO) into four grades according to the degree of malignancy. This study was designed to investigate VAP-1 expression level in different astrocytoma grades and its correlation with clinicopathological features as well as prognosis of astrocytoma patients. Eighty-seven patients with different grades of astrocytoma (WHO Grade I-Grade IV) were enrolled in this study. The expression of VAP-1 was assayed by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between VAP-1 expression and clinicopathological features was evaluated by Chi-square test, and overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was applied to analyze the independent influence of each parameter on overall survival. The expression level of VAP-1 was significantly higher in diffuse astrocytoma than those of pilocytic astrocytoma (p < 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis, upregulated VAP-1 expression was frequently found in older age patients (≥50 years). The VAP-1 expression was found to be significantly correlated with the overall survival (p = 0.0002). There was a statistical correlation between VAP-1(high) tumors in diffuse astrocytoma and VAP-1(low) tumors in pilocytic astrocytoma (p < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated VAP-1 was an independent predictive marker for poorer prognosis (p = 0.0036). Therefore, VAP-1 could be a promising prognostic biomarker in astrocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kostoro
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jyuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Clark Lai
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Habtezion A, Nguyen LP, Hadeiba H, Butcher EC. Leukocyte Trafficking to the Small Intestine and Colon. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:340-54. [PMID: 26551552 PMCID: PMC4758453 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking to the small and large intestines is tightly controlled to maintain intestinal immune homeostasis, mediate immune responses, and regulate inflammation. A wide array of chemoattractants, chemoattractant receptors, and adhesion molecules expressed by leukocytes, mucosal endothelium, epithelium, and stromal cells controls leukocyte recruitment and microenvironmental localization in intestine and in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs). Naive lymphocytes traffic to the gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes where they undergo antigen-induced activation and priming; these processes determine their memory/effector phenotypes and imprint them with the capacity to migrate via the lymph and blood to the intestines. Mechanisms of T-cell recruitment to GALT and of T cells and plasmablasts to the small intestine are well described. Recent advances include the discovery of an unexpected role for lectin CD22 as a B-cell homing receptor GALT, and identification of the orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) as a T-cell chemoattractant/trafficking receptor for the colon. GPR15 decorates distinct subsets of T cells in mice and humans, a difference in species that could affect translation of the results of mouse colitis models to humans. Clinical studies with antibodies to integrin α4β7 and its vascular ligand mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 are proving the value of lymphocyte trafficking mechanisms as therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel diseases. In contrast to lymphocytes, cells of the innate immune system express adhesion and chemoattractant receptors that allow them to migrate directly to effector tissue sites during inflammation. We review the mechanisms for innate and adaptive leukocyte localization to the intestinal tract and GALT, and discuss their relevance to human intestinal homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Habtezion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Linh P Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Husein Hadeiba
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- The Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, California; Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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Hu Z, Zhao P, Zhang K, Zang L, Liao H, Ma W. Evaluation of Serum Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 as a Potential Biomarker in Thyroid Cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:6312529. [PMID: 27446209 PMCID: PMC4942652 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6312529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a glycoprotein that mediates tissue-selective lymphocyte adhesion. The prognostic value of VAP-1 has been determined in gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes and the predictive value of serum VAP-1 in patients with thyroid cancer. A total of 126 patients with thyroid nodules and 53 healthy controls participated in this study. The patients were further divided into subgroup 1 (69 cases with benign thyroid nodules) and subgroup 2 (57 cases with thyroid cancer). Serum VAP-1 was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Diagnostic value of presurgical VAP-1 for thyroid cancer was conducted by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Serum levels of VAP-1 were significantly lower in thyroid cancer group than in healthy control and benign thyroid nodule groups. VAP-1 concentrations negatively correlated with serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in thyroid cancer patients (r = -0.81; p < 0.001). The optimum cut-off value of VAP-1 was 456.6 ng/mL with a 77.4% specificity and 66.7% sensitivity for thyroid cancer diagnosis. Serum VAP-1 decreased in thyroid cancer patients and VAP-1 could be a potential useful adjunct biomarker in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Hu
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Pengxin Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Leilei Zang
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Haiying Liao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
- *Haiying Liao: and
| | - Weiyuan Ma
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
- *Weiyuan Ma:
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Pannecoeck R, Serruys D, Benmeridja L, Delanghe JR, van Geel N, Speeckaert R, Speeckaert MM. Vascular adhesion protein-1: Role in human pathology and application as a biomarker. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015; 52:284-300. [PMID: 26287391 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a member of the copper-containing amine oxidase/semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (AOC/SSAO) enzyme family. SSAO enzymes catalyze oxidative deamination of primary amines, which results in the production of the corresponding aldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and ammonium. VAP-1 is continuously expressed as a transmembrane glycoprotein in the vascular wall during development and facilitates the accumulation of inflammatory cells into the inflamed environment in concert with other leukocyte adhesion molecules. The soluble form of VAP-1 is released into the circulation mainly from vascular endothelial cells. Over- and under-expression of sVAP-1 result in alterations of the reported reaction product levels, which are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases. The combination of enzymatic and adhesion capacities as well as its strong association with inflammatory pathologies makes VAP-1 an interesting therapeutic target for drug discovery. In this article, we will review the general characteristics and biological functions of VAP-1, focusing on its important role as a prognostic biomarker in human pathologies. In addition, the potential therapeutic application of VAP-1 inhibitors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nanja van Geel
- c Department of Dermatology , Ghent University Hospital , Gent , Belgium
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Maciorkowska D, Zbroch E, Malyszko J. Circulating renalase, catecholamines, and vascular adhesion protein 1 in hypertensive patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:855-64. [PMID: 26403854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate and correlate circulating levels of renalase, vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), catecholamines in patients with primary hypertension. The renalase, VAP-1, and catecholamines concentration was estimated in 121 hypertensive patients. The correlation between renalase, VAP-1 levels and catecholamine concentration in blood, blood pressure control, pharmacological therapy, and medical history were taken in to consideration. The median office blood pressure was 145.5/86 mm Hg and was significantly higher than the median home blood pressure measurement value, which was 135/80 mm Hg, P < .05. Circulating renalase and VAP-1 (Me 9.57 μg/mL and Me = 326.7 ng/mL) levels were significantly higher in patients with hypertension comparing to healthy individuals (3.83 μg/mL and 248.37 ng/mL, P < .05). The correlation between renalase and noradrenalin concentration in blood was observed (r = 0.549; P < .05), also the correlation between VAP-1 and noradrenaline was noticed (r = 0.21, P = .029). Renalase level was higher in patients with coronary artery disease and correlated with decreased ejection fraction. VAP-1 concentration correlated also with left ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.23, P = .013). Hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus had almost statistically significant higher VAP-1 concentration compared with hypertensive patients without diabetes mellitus (Me = 403.22 ng/mL vs. Me = 326,68 ng/mL, P = .064). In multiple regression analysis, renalase was predicted by plasma dopamine and norepinephrine as also diastolic office blood pressure and left ventricle ejection fraction. Circulating renalase and VAP-1 levels are elevated in patients with poor blood pressure control. Its correlation with noradrenalin concentration need further studies to find out the role of renalase as also VAP-1 in pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Maciorkowska
- Second Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Edyta Zbroch
- Second Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jolanta Malyszko
- Second Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Plasma soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 concentration correlates with arterial stiffness: A cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61:67-71. [PMID: 25959807 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness is related to inflammation, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and endothelial dysfunction. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is both as an adhesion molecule involving in inflammation and as an amine oxidase producing aldehyde and hydrogen peroxide involved in protein cross-linking, oxidative stress and endothelial injury. OBJECTIVE We explored the associations of plasma soluble VAP-1 (sVAP-1) with arterial stiffness. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Health Examination Center at the General Hospital of the Air Force in Beijing, China. SUBJECTS 568 Han Chinese healthy persons living in Beijing (aged 50.7 ± 8.0 years). METHODS sVAP-1 concentration was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Arterial stiffness was measured as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) on both left and right sides of the examinees, and the larger and the mean values were recorded. Cardiovascular risk factors were investigated. RESULTS sVAP-1 was significantly associated with maximal or mean baPWV in subjects of age ≥ 60 years after adjusting for baPWV-related confounders (β=36.922, p<0.05 or β=32.512, p<0.05) or after adjusting for all the variables (β=37.924, p<0.05 or β=33.193, p<0.05), but not in subjects of age <60 years. sVAP-1 had an independent and positive correlation with age (r=0.222, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma sVAP-1, increased with age, is associated with arterial stiffness in older individuals. VAP-1 may be important mechanism for vascular aging.
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Systemic Manifestations of Mucosal Diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Weston CJ, Shepherd EL, Claridge LC, Rantakari P, Curbishley SM, Tomlinson JW, Hubscher SG, Reynolds GM, Aalto K, Anstee QM, Jalkanen S, Salmi M, Smith DJ, Day CP, Adams DH. Vascular adhesion protein-1 promotes liver inflammation and drives hepatic fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:501-20. [PMID: 25562318 DOI: 10.1172/jci73722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a range of manifestations, including steatosis and cirrhosis. Progressive disease is characterized by hepatic leukocyte accumulation in the form of steatohepatitis. The adhesion molecule vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a membrane-bound amine oxidase that promotes leukocyte recruitment to the liver, and the soluble form (sVAP-1) accounts for most circulating monoamine oxidase activity, has insulin-like effects, and can initiate oxidative stress. Here, we determined that hepatic VAP-1 expression is increased in patients with chronic liver disease and that serum sVAP-1 levels are elevated in patients with NAFLD compared with those in control individuals. In 4 murine hepatic injury models, an absence or blockade of functional VAP-1 reduced inflammatory cell recruitment to the liver and attenuated fibrosis. Moreover, disease was reduced in animals expressing a catalytically inactive form of VAP-1, implicating enzyme activity in the disease pathogenesis. Within the liver, hepatic stromal cells expressed functional VAP-1, and evaluation of cultured cells revealed that sVAP-1 promotes leukocyte migration through catalytic generation of ROS, which depended on VAP-1 enzyme activity. VAP-1 enhanced stromal cell spreading and wound closure and modulated expression of profibrotic genes. Together, these results link the amine oxidase activity of VAP-1 with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and suggest that targeting VAP-1 has therapeutic potential for NAFLD and other chronic fibrotic liver diseases.
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Kellermayer Z, Mihalj M, Lábadi Á, Czömpöly T, Lee M, O'Hara E, Butcher EC, Berta G, Balogh A, Arnold HH, Balogh P. Absence of Nkx2-3 homeodomain transcription factor reprograms the endothelial addressin preference for lymphocyte homing in Peyer's patches. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5284-93. [PMID: 25320278 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although the homing of lymphocytes to GALT has been extensively studied, little is known about how high endothelial venules (HEVs) within Peyer's patches (PPs) are patterned to display dominantly mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1). In this study, we report that Nkx2-3-deficient mice show gradual loss of MAdCAM-1 in PPs postnatally and increased levels of mRNA for peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd) backbone proteins as well as enhanced expression of MECA79 sulfated glycoepitope at the luminal aspect of HEVs, thus replacing MAdCAM-1 with PNAd. Induction of PNAd in mutant PPs requires lymphotoxin β receptor activity, and its upregulation needs the presence of mature T and B cells. Furthermore, treatment with MECA-79 anti-PNAd mAb in vivo effectively blocks lymphocyte homing to mutant PPs. Despite the replacement of MAdCAM-1 by PNAd in HEV endothelia, lymphocytes could efficiently home to PPs in mutant mice. We conclude that although Nkx2-3 activity controls the addressin balance of HEVs in GALT, the general HEV functionality is preserved independently from Nkx2-3, indicating a substantial plasticity in the specification of GALT HEV endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kellermayer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Árpád Lábadi
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Czömpöly
- Cancer Research and Product Development Laboratory, Immunal Ltd., H-7630 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mike Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Edward O'Hara
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304; Center for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; and
| | - András Balogh
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; and
| | - Hans-Henning Arnold
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Péter Balogh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Lymphoid Organogenesis Research Group, Szentágothai János Research Center, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
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Dunkel J, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Ollert M, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, de Angelis MH, Jalkanen S, Salmi M, Veres TZ. Endothelial amine oxidase AOC3 transiently contributes to adaptive immune responses in the airways. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3232-9. [PMID: 25116373 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amine oxidase, copper containing 3 (AOC3, also known as vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1)) is an endothelial adhesion molecule that contributes to the extravasation of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes to sites of inflammation. However, the role of AOC3/VAP-1 in allergic responses remains unknown. Here, we studied eosinophil and CD4+ T-cell recruitment to the airways using AOC3/VAP-1-deficient mice. In an OVA-triggered asthma model, AOC3/VAP-1 slightly contributed to the accumulation of leukocytes in lungs in an age-dependent manner. We then established a new model to kinetically measure recruitment of OVA-specific CD4+ T cells to different airway immune compartments during the priming and effector phases of an adaptive immune response. The results showed that in the absence of AOC3/VAP-1, recruitment of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells to draining bronchial lymph nodes is reduced by 89% on day 3 after tracheal allergen exposure, but this difference was not observed on day 6. The dispersal of effector cells to lung and tracheal mucosa is AOC3/VAP-1 independent. Thus, in allergic airway reactions, AOC3/VAP-1 transiently contributes to the antigen-specific, CD4+ T-cell traffic to secondary lymphatic tissues, but not to airway mucosa or lung parenchyma. Our results suggest a largely redundant function for AOC3/VAP-1 in allergic inflammatory responses of the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Dunkel
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Aalto K, Havulinna AS, Jalkanen S, Salomaa V, Salmi M. Soluble vascular adhesion protein-1 predicts incident major adverse cardiovascular events and improves reclassification in a finnish prospective cohort study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:529-35. [PMID: 24850810 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) associates to subclinical atherosclerotic manifestations in young people, but its association to incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and cardiovascular mortality in a general population is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a newly developed ELISA to measure soluble VAP-1 (sVAP-1) levels in 2775 participants (mean age, 60 years) from a prospective cohort study (the FINRISK 2002). During a mean follow-up of 9 years, 265 participants underwent a MACE, and these participants had higher levels of sVAP-1 than those without MACE (868 ng/mL and 824 ng/mL, respectively, P<0.001). In multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard model including traditional Framingham risk factors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, prevalent diabetes mellitus, and antihypertensive treatment), sVAP-1 independently predicted incident MACE (P=0.0046) and MACE mortality (P=0.026). The impact of sVAP-1 in predicting the 9-year absolute risk of MACE was analyzed using integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement with 10-fold cross-validation. Inclusion of sVAP-1 in the Framingham model improved integrated discrimination improvement (P=0.042), and the clinical net reclassification improvement by correctly reclassifying 9% (P=0.0019) of people in the intermediate risk (5%-20%) group. CONCLUSIONS sVAP-1 associated with increased risk of MACE and MACE mortality in people aged >50 years without prior MACE, and inclusion of sVAP-1 in the risk prediction model improved the clinical net reclassification improvement of incident MACE. Thus, sVAP-1 may be a potential new biomarker for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Aalto
- From the MediCity Research Laboratory, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (K.A., S.J., M.S.), and Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku and Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., S.J., V.S., M.S.)
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- From the MediCity Research Laboratory, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (K.A., S.J., M.S.), and Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku and Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., S.J., V.S., M.S.)
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- From the MediCity Research Laboratory, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (K.A., S.J., M.S.), and Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku and Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., S.J., V.S., M.S.)
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- From the MediCity Research Laboratory, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (K.A., S.J., M.S.), and Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku and Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., S.J., V.S., M.S.)
| | - Marko Salmi
- From the MediCity Research Laboratory, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (K.A., S.J., M.S.), and Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku and Helsinki, Finland (A.S.H., S.J., V.S., M.S.).
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Yu TY, Li HY, Jiang YD, Chang TJ, Wei JN, Lin CM, Chu CC, Chuang LM. Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 level predicts risk of incident cancers in subjects with type II diabetes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1366-73. [PMID: 24781952 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) predicts cancer-related mortality in diabetic subjects. However, whether serum VAP-1 predicts cancer incidence or cancer progression remains unclear. We conducted a cohort study to investigate whether serum VAP-1 and related clinical variables predict incident cancers in type II diabetic subjects. METHODS From 1996 to 2003, we enrolled 568 type II diabetic subjects who were free of cancer at baseline. Serum VAP-1 at enrollment was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). The subjects were followed until first occurrence of cancer or until December 31, 2011. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 11.3 years, 71 subjects developed incident cancers. The HRs for incident cancers in subjects with highest tertile of serum VAP-1 and in subjects with CKD were 2.95 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31-6.63; P = 0.009] and 2.29 (95% CI, 1.18-4.44; P = 0.015), respectively, after multivariate adjustment. There was an interaction between serum VAP-1 and CKD on the risk of incident cancers (P = 0.01 for log-transformed VAP-1 × CKD). The relationship among serum VAP-1, CKD, and incident cancers was similar if death was considered in the competing risk models or if subjects with shorter follow-up period were excluded. CONCLUSIONS Higher serum VAP-1 and CKD can independently predict future development of cancers in type II diabetic subjects. IMPACT Physicians should be aware of the early signs of cancer in diabetic individuals with elevated VAP-1 or renal dysfunction. More aggressive treatment strategies might be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Ya Yu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Hung-Yuan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei; and
| | - Yi-Der Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei; and
| | - Tien-Jyun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei; and
| | - Jung-Nan Wei
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Lin
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Ching-Chi Chu
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College and Graduate Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University School of Public Health, National Taiwan University; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei; and
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50
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Ectoenzymes in leukocyte migration and their therapeutic potential. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:163-76. [PMID: 24638888 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation causes or accompanies a huge variety of diseases. Migration of leukocytes from the blood into the tissues, in the tissues, and from the tissues to lymphatic vasculature is crucial in the formation and resolution of inflammatory infiltrates. In addition to classical adhesion and activation molecules, several other molecules are known to contribute to the leukocyte traffic. Several of them belong to ectoenzymes, which are cell surface molecules having catalytically active sites outside the cell. We will review here how several ectoenzymes present on leukocytes or endothelial cell surface function as adhesins and/or modulate the extravasation cascade through their enzymatic activities. Moreover, their therapeutic potential as immune modulators in different experimental inflammation models and in clinical trials will be discussed.
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