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Kirk JS, Wang J, Long M, Rosario S, Tracz A, Ji Y, Kumar R, Liu X, Jamroze A, Singh PK, Puzanov I, Chatta G, Cheng Q, Huang J, Wrana JL, Lovell J, Yu H, Liu S, Shen MM, Liu T, Tang DG. Integrated single-cell analysis defines the epigenetic basis of castration-resistant prostate luminal cells. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:1203-1221.e7. [PMID: 38878775 PMCID: PMC11297676 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding prostate response to castration and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) is critical to improving long-term prostate cancer (PCa) patient survival. Here, we use a multi-omics approach on 229,794 single cells to create a mouse single-cell reference atlas for interpreting mouse prostate biology and castration response. Our reference atlas refines single-cell annotations and provides a chromatin context, which, when coupled with mouse lineage tracing, demonstrates that castration-resistant luminal cells are distinct from the pre-existent urethra-proximal stem/progenitor cells. Molecular pathway analysis and therapeutic studies further implicate AP1 (JUN/FOS), WNT/β-catenin, FOXQ1, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT pathways as major drivers of castration-resistant luminal populations with relevance to human PCa. Our datasets, which can be explored through an interactive portal (https://visportal.roswellpark.org/data/tang/), can aid in developing combination treatments with ARSI for advanced PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Kirk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Mark Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Spencer Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Amanda Tracz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Xiaozhuo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Anmbreen Jamroze
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Igor Puzanov
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Gurkamal Chatta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jonathan Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Michael M Shen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Azur RAG, Olarte KCV, Ybañez WS, Ocampo AMM, Bagamasbad PD. CYB561 supports the neuroendocrine phenotype in castration-resistant prostate cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300413. [PMID: 38739593 PMCID: PMC11090301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with resistance to androgen deprivation therapy, and an increase in the population of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiated cells. It is hypothesized that NE differentiated cells secrete neuropeptides that support androgen-independent tumor growth and induce aggressiveness of adjacent proliferating tumor cells through a paracrine mechanism. The cytochrome b561 (CYB561) gene, which codes for a secretory vesicle transmembrane protein, is constitutively expressed in NE cells and highly expressed in CRPC. CYB561 is involved in the α-amidation-dependent activation of neuropeptides, and contributes to regulating iron metabolism which is often dysregulated in cancer. These findings led us to hypothesize that CYB561 may be a key player in the NE differentiation process that drives the progression and maintenance of the highly aggressive NE phenotype in CRPC. In our study, we found that CYB561 expression is upregulated in metastatic and NE prostate cancer (NEPC) tumors and cell lines compared to normal prostate epithelia, and that its expression is independent of androgen regulation. Knockdown of CYB561 in androgen-deprived LNCaP cells dampened NE differentiation potential and transdifferentiation-induced increase in iron levels. In NEPC PC-3 cells, depletion of CYB561 reduced the secretion of growth-promoting factors, lowered intracellular ferrous iron concentration, and mitigated the highly aggressive nature of these cells in complementary assays for cancer hallmarks. These findings demonstrate the role of CYB561 in facilitating transdifferentiation and maintenance of NE phenotype in CRPC through its involvement in neuropeptide biosynthesis and iron metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romie Angelo G. Azur
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Kevin Christian V. Olarte
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Weand S. Ybañez
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Alessandria Maeve M. Ocampo
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Pia D. Bagamasbad
- National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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3
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Muthusamy S, Smith SC. Contemporary Diagnostic Reporting for Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: Morphologic Aspects, Molecular Correlates, and Management Perspectives. Adv Anat Pathol 2024; 31:188-201. [PMID: 38525660 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis and reporting of prostatic adenocarcinoma have evolved from the classic framework promulgated by Dr Donald Gleason in the 1960s into a complex and nuanced system of grading and reporting that nonetheless retains the essence of his remarkable observations. The criteria for the "Gleason patterns" originally proposed have been continually refined by consensuses in the field, and Gleason scores have been stratified into a patient-friendly set of prognostically validated and widely adopted Grade Groups. One product of this successful grading approach has been the opportunity for pathologists to report diagnoses that signal carefully personalized management, placing the surgical pathologist's interpretation at the center of patient care. At one end of the continuum of disease aggressiveness, personalized diagnostic care means to sub-stratify patients with more indolent disease for active surveillance, while at the other end of the continuum, reporting histologic markers signaling aggression allows sub-stratification of clinically significant disease. Whether contemporary reporting parameters represent deeper nuances of more established ones (eg, new criteria and/or quantitation of Gleason patterns 4 and 5) or represent additional features reported alongside grade (intraductal carcinoma, cribriform patterns of carcinoma), assessment and grading have become more complex and demanding. Herein, we explore these newer reporting parameters, highlighting the state of knowledge regarding morphologic, molecular, and management aspects. Emphasis is made on the increasing value and stakes of histopathologists' interpretations and reporting into current clinical risk stratification and treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Christopher Smith
- Department of Pathology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
- Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, VCU Health, Richmond, VA
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4
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Pimenta R, Malulf FC, Romão P, Caetano GVB, da Silva KS, Ghazarian V, Dos Santos GA, Guimarães V, Silva IA, de Camargo JA, Recuero S, Melão BVLA, Antunes AA, Srougi M, Nahas W, Leite KRM, Reis ST. Evaluation of AR, AR-V7, and p160 family as biomarkers for prostate cancer: insights into the clinical significance and disease progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:70. [PMID: 38305916 PMCID: PMC10837222 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the role of the p160 family, AR, and AR-V7 in different initial presentations of prostate cancer and their association with clinical endpoints related to tumor progression. METHODS The study sample comprises 155 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and 11 healthy peripheral zone biopsies as the control group. Gene expression was quantified by qPCR from the tissue specimens. The statistical analysis investigated correlations between gene expression levels, associations with disease presence, and clinicopathological features. Additionally, ROC curves were applied for distinct PCa presentations, and time-to-event analysis was used for clinical endpoints. RESULTS The AR-V7 diagnostic performance for any PCa yielded an AUC of 0.77 (p < 0.05). For locally advanced PCa, the AR-V7 AUC was 0.65 (p < 0.05). Moreover, the metastasis group had a higher expression of SRC-1 than the non-metastatic group (p < 0.05), showing a shorter time to metastasis in the over-expressed group (p = 0.005). Patients with disease recurrence had super-expression of AR levels (p < 0.0005), with a shorter time-to-recurrence in the super-expression group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Upregulation of SRC-1 indicates a higher risk of progression to metastatic disease in a shorter period, which warrants further research to be applied as a clinical tool. Additionally, AR may be used as a predictor for PCa recurrence. Furthermore, AR-V7 may be helpful as a diagnostic tool for PCa and locally advanced cancer, comparable with other investigated tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Pimenta
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (ID'Or), São Paulo, SP, 04501000, Brazil.
| | - Feres Camargo Malulf
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Poliana Romão
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Giovana Vilas Boas Caetano
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Karina Serafim da Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Ghazarian
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Guimarães
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Iran Amorim Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves de Camargo
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Saulo Recuero
- Division of Urology, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Azoubel Antunes
- Division of Urology, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (ID'Or), São Paulo, SP, 04501000, Brazil
| | - William Nahas
- Uro-Oncology Group, Urology Department, Institute of Cancer State of São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, SP, 01246000, Brazil
| | - Katia R M Leite
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Sabrina T Reis
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica 55 (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2° andar, Sala 2145, Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil
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Alsaidan OA, Onobun E, Ye C, Lou L, Beharry Z, Xie ZR, Lebedyeva I, Crich D, Cai H. Inhibition of N-myristoyltransferase activity promotes androgen receptor degradation in prostate cancer. Prostate 2024; 84:254-268. [PMID: 37905842 PMCID: PMC10872856 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though prostate cancer (PCa) patients initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy, some will eventually develop castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Androgen receptor (AR) mediated cell signaling is a major driver in the progression of CRPC while only a fraction of PCa becomes AR negative. This study aimed to understand the regulation of AR levels by N-myristoyltransferase in PCa cells. METHODS Two enantiomers, (1S,2S)- d-NMAPPD and (1R,2R)- d-NMAPPD (LCL4), were characterized by various methods (1 H and 13 C NMR, UHPLC, high-resolution mass spectra, circular dichroism) and evaluated for the ability to bind to N-myristoyltransferase 1 (NMT1) using computational docking analysis. structure-activity relationship analysis of these compounds led to the synthesis of (1R,2R)-LCL204 and evaluation as a potential NMT1 inhibitor utilizing the purified full length NMT1 enzyme. The NMT inhibitory activity wase determined by Click chemistry and immunoblotting. Regulation of NMT1 on tumor growth was evaluated in a xenograft tumor model. RESULTS (1R,2R)- d-NMAPPD, but not its enantiomer (1S,2S)- d-NMAPPD, inhibited NMT1 activity and reduced AR protein levels. (1R,2R)-LCL204, a derivative of (1R,2R)- d-NMAPPD, inhibited global protein myristoylation. It also suppressed protein levels, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activity of AR full-length or variants in PCa cells. This was due to enhanced ubiquitin and proteasome-mediated degradation of AR. Knockdown of NMT1 levels inhibited tumor growth and proliferation of cancer cells. CONCLUSION Inhibitory efficacy on N-myristoyltransferase activity by d-NMAPPD is stereospecific. (1R,2R)-LCL204 reduced global N-myristoylation and androgen receptor protein levels at low micromolar concentrations in prostate cancer cells. pharmacological inhibition of NMT1 enhances ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation of AR. This study illustrates a novel function of N-myristoyltransferase and provides a potential strategy for treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Emmanuel Onobun
- Department of Chemistry, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Chenming Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lei Lou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Zanna Beharry
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, VI 00802
| | - Zhong-Ru Xie
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Iryna Lebedyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Chemistry, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Tripathi N, Thomas VM, Sayegh N, Gebrael G, Chigarira B, Jo Y, Li H, Sahu KK, Nussenzveig R, Nordblad B, Swami U, Agarwal N, Maughan BL. Impact of androgen receptor alterations on cell-free DNA genomic profiling on survival outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2023; 83:1602-1609. [PMID: 37644774 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) gene alterations, as detected by circulating tumor cell-free DNA (cfDNA) genomic profiling, have been shown to emerge after a variable duration of androgen signaling inhibition. AR alterations were associated with inferior outcomes on treatment with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI) in the first line metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) setting in a phase 2 trial. Here in, we assessed the impact of these AR alterations on survival outcomes in a real-world patient population of mCRPC experiencing disease progression on an ARPI. METHODS In this IRB-approved retrospective study, consecutively seen patients with a confirmed diagnosis of mCRPC, with disease progression on a treatment with ARPIs in the first line mCRPC setting, with no prior exposure to an ARPI in the castration sensitive setting, and with available cfDNA profiling from a CLIA certified laboratory were included. Patients were categorized based on AR status: wild-type (ARwt ) or alteration-positive (AR+ ). The objective was to correlate overall survival (OS) after disease progression on the first-line ARPI with the presence or absence of AR alterations. Kaplan-Meier and Cox Regression Tests were used as implemented in R-Studio (v.4.2). RESULTS A total of 137 mCRPC patients were eligible: 69 with ARwt versus 68 with AR+ . The median OS posttreatment with the first ARPI was significantly higher for ARwt than AR+ patients (30.1 vs. 15.2 mos; p < 0.001). Of 108 patients who received a subsequent line of therapy, 63 received an alternate ARPI (AR+ 39 vs. 24 ARwt ), while 20 received a taxane-based therapy (11 AR+ vs. 9 ARwt ). Among patients receiving an alternate ARPI, AR+ had numerically shorter OS (16.8 vs. 30.4 mos, p = 0.1). Among patients receiving taxane-based regimens, the OS was not significantly different between AR+ and ARwt (14.5 vs. 10.1 mos, p = 0.18). CONCLUSION In this real-world study, mCRPC patients with AR alterations on cfDNA had inferior OS after disease progression on the first ARPI, compared to those who did not, and may impact outcomes on a subsequent ARPI but not on subsequent taxane-based therapy received. By providing survival estimates for patients with or without AR alterations, our data may aid in patient counseling, prognostication, treatment decision, and for designing future clinical trials in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishita Tripathi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Vinay Mathew Thomas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nicolas Sayegh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Georges Gebrael
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Beverly Chigarira
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yeonjung Jo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas, ISA
| | - Kamal K Sahu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Blake Nordblad
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Umang Swami
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Benjamin L Maughan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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7
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Costagliola A, Lombardi R, Liguori G, Morrione A, Giordano A. Orexins and Prostate Cancer: State of the Art and Potential Experimental and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:637-645. [PMID: 38035703 PMCID: PMC10687730 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in humans. Peptides have recently been used as targeted therapeutics in cancers, due to their extensive multi-functional applications. Two hypothalamic peptides, orexins A (OXA) and B (OXB) and their specific receptors, orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) and 2 (OX2R), orchestrate several biological processes in the central nervous system and peripheral organs. However, in addition to their role in physiological responses, orexins are involved in numerous inflammatory and/or neoplastic pathologies. The presence and expression of orexins in different cancer models, including prostate cancer, and their role in inducing pro- or anti-apoptotic responses in tumor cell lines, suggest that the orexinergic system might have potential therapeutic action or function as a diagnostic marker in PCa. In addition to the traditional animal models for studying human PCa, the canine model might also serve as an additional tool, due to its clinical similarities with human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Costagliola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Lombardi
- Local Health Authority, ASL, Foggia, Italy
- Unit of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceuticals, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liguori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy;
- Local Health Authority, ASL, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Szrok-Jurga S, Czumaj A, Turyn J, Hebanowska A, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. The Physiological and Pathological Role of Acyl-CoA Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14857. [PMID: 37834305 PMCID: PMC10573383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism, including β-oxidation (βOX), plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. βOX is an essential process in the energy metabolism of most human cells. Moreover, βOX is also the source of acetyl-CoA, the substrate for (a) ketone bodies synthesis, (b) cholesterol synthesis, (c) phase II detoxication, (d) protein acetylation, and (d) the synthesis of many other compounds, including N-acetylglutamate-an important regulator of urea synthesis. This review describes the current knowledge on the importance of the mitochondrial and peroxisomal βOX in various organs, including the liver, heart, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, peripheral white blood cells, and other cells. In addition, the diseases associated with a disturbance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver, heart, kidney, lung, alimentary tract, and other organs or cells are presented. Special attention was paid to abnormalities of FAO in cancer cells and the diseases caused by mutations in gene-encoding enzymes involved in FAO. Finally, issues related to α- and ω- fatty acid oxidation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szrok-Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Institue of Nursing and Medical Rescue, State University of Applied Sciences in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
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9
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Giesen A, Baekelandt L, Devlies W, Devos G, Dumez H, Everaerts W, Claessens F, Joniau S. Double trouble for prostate cancer: synergistic action of AR blockade and PARPi in non-HRR mutated patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1265812. [PMID: 37810962 PMCID: PMC10551452 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1265812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. Despite better and more intensive treatment options in earlier disease stages, a large subset of patients still progress to metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC). Recently, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP)-inhibitors have been introduced in this setting. The TALAPRO-2 and PROpel trials both showed a marked benefit of PARPi in combination with an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI), compared with an ARSI alone in both the homologous recombination repair (HRR)-mutated, as well as in the HRR-non-mutated subgroup. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of how maximal AR-blockade via an ARSI in combination with a PARPi has a synergistic effect at the molecular level, leading to synthetic lethality in both HRR-mutated and HRR-non-mutated PCa patients. PARP2 is known to be a cofactor of the AR complex, needed for decompacting the chromatin and start of transcription of AR target genes (including HRR genes). The inhibition of PARP thus reinforces the effect of an ARSI. The deep androgen deprivation caused by combining androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with an ARSI, induces an HRR-like deficient state, often referred to as "BRCA-ness". Further, PARPi will prevent the repair of single-strand DNA breaks, leading to the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Due to the induced HRR-deficient state, DSBs cannot be repaired, leading to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Giesen
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loïc Baekelandt
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wout Devlies
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catholic University Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Devos
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Herlinde Dumez
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Everaerts
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catholic University Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Catholic University Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Liu A, Gao Y, Wang Q, Lin W, Ma Z, Yang X, Chen L, Xu D. The heterogeneity and clonal evolution analysis of the advanced prostate cancer with castration resistance. J Transl Med 2023; 21:641. [PMID: 37726835 PMCID: PMC10510184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, the incidence rate of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer at the first time of diagnosis grows higher in China yearly. At present, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment of advanced prostate cancer. However, after several years of ADT, most patients will ultimately progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Previous studies mainly focus on Caucasian and very few on East Asian patients. METHODS In this study, the pre- and post-ADT tumor samples were collected from five Chinese patients with advanced prostate cancer. The whole-exome sequencing, tumor heterogeneity, and clonal evolution pattern were analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that the gene mutation pattern and heterogeneity changed significantly after androgen deprivation therapy. Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) and Copy Number Alteration (CNA) were substantially reduced in the post-treatment group, but the Mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH), Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), and weighted Genome Instability Index (wGII) had no significant difference. According to the clone types and characteristics, the presence of main clones in five pre-and post-treatment samples, the clonal evolution pattern can be further classified into two sub-groups (the Homogeneous origin clonal model or the Heterogeneous origin clonal model). The Progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients with the "Homogeneous origin clonal model" was shorter than the "Heterogeneous origin clonal model". The longer PFS might relate to MUC7 and MUC5B mutations repaired. ZNF91 mutation might be responsible for resistance to ADT resistance. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed potential genetic regulators to predict the castration resistance and provide insights into the castration resistance processes in advanced prostate cancer. The crosstalk between clonal evolution patterns and tumor microenvironment may also play a role in castration resistance. A multicenter-research including larger populations with different background are needed to confirm our conclusion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Liu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenhao Lin
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhiyang Ma
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoqun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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11
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Poutanen M, Hagberg Thulin M, Härkönen P. Targeting sex steroid biosynthesis for breast and prostate cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00609-y. [PMID: 37684402 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Poutanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Malin Hagberg Thulin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pirkko Härkönen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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12
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van Winden LJ, Lanfermeijer M, Dezentje V, Bergman AM, van der Poel HG, van Rossum HH. Predictive value of low testosterone concentrations during and prior to enzalutamide treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:104.e11-104.e17. [PMID: 36379811 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzalutamide is an effective treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. However, variances in responses are observed and there is a need for biomarkers predicting treatment outcome and selection. In this study, we aimed to explore the predictive value of testosterone for first-line enzalutamide treatment of mCRPC. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 72 mCRPC patients with no prior abiraterone or docetaxel treatment was performed. Serum testosterone was measured using a liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry method. Association of pre- and during-enzalutimide treatment testosterone levels with progression-free survival (PFS) and failure-free survival (FFS) was investigated using univariate and multivariate Cox models. Testosterone levels were dichotomized into a low (Q1) and high (interquartile range-Q4) group. RESULTS Median PFS (7.4 v. 20.8 months, P<0.0001) and FFS (6.6 v. 17.7 months, P<0.0001) were shorter for patients with low testosterone levels (<0.217 nmol/L) during enzalutamide treatment. Furthermore, univariate Cox proportional hazards models revealed that low testosterone levels were associated with shorter PFS (HR 3.5, 95%CI 1.9-6.3; P<0.001) and FFS (HR 3.1, 95%CI 1.7-5.5; P<0.001). Pre-treatment testosterone levels were lower than during-treatment levels (P<0.0001) and low pre-treatment testosterone levels (<0.143 nmol/L) were associated with shorter median PFS (12.6 v. 20.5 months, P<0.01) and FFS (12.6 v. 22.5 months, P<0.01). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that low serum testosterone levels during and prior to enzalutamide treatment can predict progression in mCRPC patients and identifies tumors resistant to next-in-line enzalutamide treatment. Validation in a prospective cohort is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart J van Winden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands..
| | - Mirthe Lanfermeijer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Dezentje
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huub H van Rossum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Makhov P, Fazliyeva R, Tufano A, Uzzo RG, Cai KQ, Serebriiskii I, Snyder NW, Andrews AJ, Kolenko VM. Acetyl-CoA Counteracts the Inhibitory Effect of Antiandrogens on Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5900. [PMID: 36497382 PMCID: PMC9738902 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The commonly used therapeutic management of PC involves androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) followed by treatment with AR signaling inhibitors (ARSI). However, nearly all patients develop drug-resistant disease, with a median progression-free survival of less than 2 years in chemotherapy-naïve men. Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a central metabolic signaling molecule with key roles in biosynthetic processes and cancer signaling. In signaling, acetyl-CoA serves as the acetyl donor for acetylation, a critical post-translational modification. Acetylation affects the androgen receptor (AR) both directly and indirectly increasing expression of AR dependent genes. Our studies reveal that PC cells respond to the treatment with ARSI by increasing expression of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a major enzyme responsible for cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis, and up-regulation of acetyl-CoA intracellular levels. Inhibition of ACLY results in a significant suppression of ligand-dependent and -independent routes of AR activation. Accordingly, the addition of exogenous acetyl-CoA, or its precursor acetate, augments AR transcriptional activity and diminishes the anti-AR activity of ARSI. Taken together, our findings suggest that PC cells respond to antiandrogens by increasing activity of the acetyl-coA pathway in order to reinstate AR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Makhov
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Rushaniya Fazliyeva
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Antonio Tufano
- Urology Unit, Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Robert G. Uzzo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kathy Q. Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Ilya Serebriiskii
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Andrew J. Andrews
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Vladimir M. Kolenko
- Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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14
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Amrousy Y, Haffez H, Abdou D, Atya H. Role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the HSD3B1 gene (rs6203 and rs33937873) in the prediction of prostate cancer risk. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:271. [PMID: 35795973 PMCID: PMC9309536 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD3B1) is shown to affect dihydrotestosterone level in prostatic tissue which is a risk factor for prostate cancer (PC). The present study aimed to determine whether rs33937873 (G313A) and rs6203 (C338T) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in HSD3B1 gene was a potential risk factor for PC susceptibility and can predict the recurrence of PC in Egyptian patients. A total of 186 Egyptian patients were selected with incident primary PC and compared with 180 age healthy controls. The frequencies and the main effect of rs33937873 and rs6203 in HSD3B1 were compared and investigated between the patients and control using genotyping technique and statistical analysis. The mutant GA genotype of G313A in rs33937873 SNP was considered as an independent risk for PC in the multivariate regression analysis [odds ratio (OR)=2.7, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.2-5.5, P=0.01] together with positive history of hypertension (HTN) (OR=6.2, 95% CI: 3.2-12.1, P=0.0001) and begin prostatic hyperplasia (BPH; OR=8.9, 95% CI: 4.5-17.5, P=0.0001). Conversely, in rs6203 (C338T), C allele is considered as major risk allele in the development of PC (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.4, P=0.0003). The univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that CC genotype of rs6203 was a PC risk factor (OR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.9, P=0.002). In addition, the frequency of the A-C haplotype established by rs33937873-rs6203 was also significantly higher for PC (P=0.013). The predication of PC recurrence was associated only with positive family history (OR=7.7, 95% CI: 2.3-25.9, P=0.001) and not for The G313A and C338T SNPs. These results suggested that the two HSD3B1 polymorphisms rs33937873 and rs6203 may modify the risk of PC, particularly among patients with HTN and history of BPH, suggesting them as prominent future markers for prediction of PC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Amrousy
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Hesham Haffez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdou
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Kasr Al Ainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Atya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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15
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Comprehensive Landscape of STEAP Family Members Expression in Human Cancers: Unraveling the Potential Usefulness in Clinical Practice Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. DATA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/data7050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP) family comprises STEAP1-4. Several studies have pointed out STEAP proteins as putative biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets in several types of human cancers, particularly in prostate cancer. However, the relationships and significance of the expression pattern of STEAP1-4 in cancer cases are barely known. Herein, the Oncomine database and cBioPortal platform were selected to predict the differential expression levels of STEAP members and clinical prognosis. The most common expression pattern observed was the combination of the over- and underexpression of distinct STEAP genes, but cervical and gastric cancer and lymphoma showed overexpression of all STEAP genes. It was also found that STEAP genes’ expression levels were already deregulated in benign lesions. Regarding the prognostic value, it was found that STEAP1 (prostate), STEAP2 (brain and central nervous system), STEAP3 (kidney, leukemia and testicular) and STEAP4 (bladder, cervical, gastric) overexpression correlate with lower patient survival rate. However, in prostate cancer, overexpression of the STEAP4 gene was correlated with a higher survival rate. Overall, this study first showed that the expression levels of STEAP genes are highly variable in human cancers, which may be related to different patients’ outcomes.
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16
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Guo Y, Ren C, Huang W, Yang W, Bao Y. Oncogenic ACSM1 in prostate cancer is through metabolic and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction signaling pathways. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1824-1842. [PMID: 35530294 PMCID: PMC9077067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase medium chain family member 1 (ACSM1) is a medium chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase family member and plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism. The oncogenic roles of ACSM1 are largely unknown. Using comprehensive approaches, we analyzed gene expression profiles and genomic datasets and identified that the expression of ACSM1 was specifically increased in prostate cancer in comparison to the adjacent non-tumor tissues. The increased expression of ACSM1 was associated with increased risks of poor prognosis and shorter survival time. Moreover, genomic copy number alterations of ACSM1, including deletion, amplification, and amino acid changes were frequently observed in prostate cancers, although these mutations did not correlate with gene expression levels. However, ACSM1 gene amplifications were significantly corrected with increased risks of prostate cancer metastasis, and ACSM1 genetic alterations were significantly associated with worse disease-free. And progress-free survival. Gene function stratification and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the oncogenic roles of ACSM1 in prostate cancer were mainly through metabolic pathways and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction signaling pathways, but not associated with microenvironmental immunological signaling pathways, and that ACSM1 expression was not associated with immune cell infiltration in the cancer microenvironment or prostate cancer immune subtypes. In conclusion, the present work has demonstrated that ACSM1 can be specifically and significantly elevated in prostate cancer. ACSM1 gene expression and genomic amplification exhibit important clinical significance through metabolic and ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathways. Thus, ACSM1 may be a novel oncogene and serve as a biomarker for prostate cancer screening and prognosis prediction, and/or a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchen Guo
- Department of Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical UniversityMudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Chunna Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical UniversityMudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Wentao Huang
- Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical UniversityMudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Wancai Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at ChicagoIL 60612, USA
| | - Yonghua Bao
- Department of Pathology, Mudanjiang Medical UniversityMudanjiang 157011, China
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17
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Xu Y, Pachnikova G, Przybilla D, Schäfer R, Cui Y, Zhou D, Chen Z, Zhao A, Keilholz U. Evaluation of JQ1 Combined With Docetaxel for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer Cells in 2D- and 3D-Culture Systems. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:839620. [PMID: 35185589 PMCID: PMC8850784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.839620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is dependent on coupled androgen-androgen receptor (AR) signaling for growth and progression. Significant efforts have been made in this research field, as hormonal therapies have greatly improved the survival of patients with metastatic PCa (mPCa). The drug treatment agent JQ1, which potently abrogates bromodomain 4 (BRD4) localization to the AR target loci and therefore significantly impairs AR-mediated gene transcription, is a potent therapeutic option for patients with advanced PCa. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of JQ1 combined with docetaxel on PCa cells in vitro for the first time. Furthermore, the 3D spheroid culture system was modeled to more accurately simulate the response of PCa cells to drugs.Methods: We established and measured 3D LNCaP spheroids in vitro in order to evaluate the susceptibility of 2D- and 3D-cultured LNCaP cells exposed to the same anti-cancer drug.Results: We demonstrated that JQ1 was an effective drug for promoting cell inhibition after docetaxel treatment in 2D- and 3D- cultured LNCaP cells. Inhibition of 3D cultured formation in the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that in docetaxel or JQ1 alone. Under the same conditions of drug solubility, the drug resistance of 3D spheroids was significantly higher than that of 2D cells. Moreover, dmax and lg volume were suitable parameters for LNCaP cells/spheroid size displaying and evaluating cell viability.Conclusion: 3D cultured spheroids of PCa are an effective tool for studying PCa drug trials. JQ1 combined with docetaxel may be an effective treatment for advanced PCa. This combination therapy strategy deserves further evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gabriela Pachnikova
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Przybilla
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schäfer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yingying Cui
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Zhou
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Urology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - An Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Experimental Research Center, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: An Zhao, ; Ulrich Keilholz,
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: An Zhao, ; Ulrich Keilholz,
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18
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Danila DC. Liquid biopsy as a cancer biomarker-potential, and challenges. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Autio KA, Antonarakis ES, Mayer TM, Shevrin DH, Stein MN, Vaishampayan UN, Morris MJ, Slovin SF, Heath EI, Tagawa ST, Rathkopf DE, Milowsky MI, Harrison MR, Beer TM, Balar AV, Armstrong AJ, George DJ, Paller CJ, Apollo A, Danila DC, Graff JN, Nordquist L, Dayan Cohn ES, Tse K, Schreiber NA, Heller G, Scher HI. Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Abiraterone Acetate Plus Prednisone, Degarelix, or the Combination in Men with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021; 34:70-78. [PMID: 34934969 PMCID: PMC8655386 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phase 2 trial endpoints that can be utilized in high-risk biochemical recurrence (BCR) after prostatectomy as a way of more rapidly identifying treatments for phase 3 trials are urgently needed. The efficacy of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP) in BCR is unknown. Objective To compare the rates of complete biochemical responses after testosterone recovery after 8 mo of AAP and degarelix, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, alone or in combination. Design, setting, and participants Patients with BCR (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] ≥1.0 ng/ml, PSA doubling time ≤9 mo, no metastases on standard imaging, and testosterone ≥150 ng/dl) after prostatectomy (with or without prior radiotherapy) were included in this study. Intervention Patients were randomized to AAP (arm 1), AAP with degarelix (arm 2), or degarelix (arm 3) for 8 mo, and monitored for 18 mo. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis The primary endpoint was undetectable PSA with testosterone >150 ng/dl at 18 mo. Secondary endpoints were undetectable PSA at 8 mo and time to testosterone recovery. Results and limitations For the 122 patients enrolled, no difference was found between treatments for the primary endpoint (arm 1: 5.1% [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1–17%], arm 2: 17.1% [95% CI: 7–32%], arm 3: 11.9% [95% CI: 4–26%]; arm 1 vs 2, p = 0.93; arm 2 vs 3, p = 0.36). AAP therapy showed the shortest median time to testosterone recovery (36.0 wk [95% CI: 35.9–36.1]) relative to degarelix (52.9 wk [95% CI: 49.0–56.0], p < 0.001). Rates of undetectable PSA at 8 mo differed between AAP with degarelix and degarelix alone (p = 0.04), but not between AAP alone and degarelix alone (p = 0.12). Limitations of this study include a lack of long-term follow-up. Conclusions Rates of undetectable PSA levels with testosterone recovery were similar between arms, suggesting that increased androgen suppression with AAP and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is unlikely to eradicate recurrent disease compared with ADT alone. Patient summary We evaluated the use of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AAP) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), AAP alone, or ADT alone in men with biochemically recurrent, nonmetastatic prostate cancer. While more men who received the combination had an undetectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at 8 mo on treatment, once men came off treatment and testosterone level rose, there was no difference in the rates of undetectable PSA levels. This suggests that the combination is not able to eradicate disease any better than ADT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Autio
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tina M Mayer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Mark N Stein
- Columbia University Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael J Morris
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan F Slovin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Dana E Rathkopf
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew I Milowsky
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael R Harrison
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tomasz M Beer
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J George
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Channing J Paller
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arlyn Apollo
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel C Danila
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie N Graff
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luke Nordquist
- Urology Cancer Center and GU Research Network, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Erica S Dayan Cohn
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kin Tse
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Glenn Heller
- Biostatistics Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard I Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Kelly R, Anton A, Wong S, Shapiro J, Weickhardt A, Azad A, Kwan EM, Spain L, Muthusamy A, Torres J, Parente P, Parnis F, Goh J, Joshua A, Pook D, Baenziger O, Gibbs P, Tran B. Real-world use of first-generation antiandrogens: impact on patient outcomes and subsequent therapies in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. BJU Int 2021; 128 Suppl 1:18-26. [PMID: 34622543 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the recent real-world use of first-generation antiandrogens (FGAs) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) using a retrospective multicentre cohort study. PATIENTS AND METHODS The electronic CRPC Australian Database (ePAD) was interrogated to identify patients with mCRPC. Clinicopathological features, treatment and outcome data, stratified by FGA use, were retrieved and reported through descriptive statistics. Survival analyses were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and groups compared using log-rank tests. Factors influencing overall survival (OS) were analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS We identified 634 patients with mCRPC, enrolled in ePAD between January 2016 and March 2019, including 322 (51%) who received FGAs. The median follow-up was 21.9 months. Patients treated with FGAs were more likely to have lower International Society of Urological Pathologists (ISUP) grade group (P = 0.04), longer median time to CRPC (25.6 vs 16.0 months, P < 0.001), and were less likely to have visceral metastases (5.0% vs 11.2%, P = 0.005) or to have received upfront docetaxel (P < 0.001). A ≥50% reduction from pre-treatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (PSA50 response) during FGA treatment occurred in 119 (37%) patients and was independently associated with improved OS (hazard ratio 0.233, P < 0.001). Prior FGA treatment did not significantly influence the selection of subsequent life-prolonging treatments for mCRPC or their PSA50 response rates. CONCLUSION In our present cohort, FGAs were commonly used in lower-risk mCRPC and their use did not significantly influence the choice or duration of subsequent systemic therapy. A PSA50 response to FGA therapy was an independent favourable prognostic marker associated with improved OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kelly
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Angelyn Anton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | | | - Andrew Weickhardt
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Arun Azad
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Edmond Michael Kwan
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Lavinia Spain
- Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Arun Muthusamy
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Phillip Parente
- Eastern Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Francis Parnis
- Adelaide Cancer Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Goh
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | - David Pook
- Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Peter Gibbs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Western Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ben Tran
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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21
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You HJ, You BC, Kim JK, Park JM, Song BS, Myung JK. Characterization of Proteins Regulated by Androgen and Protein Kinase a Signaling in VCaP Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101404. [PMID: 34680521 PMCID: PMC8533394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen signaling via the androgen receptor (AR) is involved in normal prostate development and prostate cancer progression. In addition to androgen binding, a variety of protein kinases, including cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), can activate the AR. Although hormone deprivation, especially that of androgen, continues to be an important strategy for treating prostate cancer patients, the disease ultimately progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), despite a continuous hormone-deprived environment. To date, it remains unclear which pathways in this progression are active and targetable. Here, we performed a proteomic analysis of VCaP cells stimulated with androgen or forskolin to identify proteins specific for androgen-induced and androgen-bypassing signaling, respectively. Patterns of differentially expressed proteins were quantified, and eight proteins showing significant changes in expression were identified. Functional information, including a Gene Ontology analysis, revealed that most of these proteins are involved in metabolic processes and are associated with cancer. The mRNA and protein expression of selected proteins was validated, and functional correlations of identified proteins with signaling in VCaP cells were assessed by measuring metabolites related to each enzyme. These analyses offered new clues regarding effector molecules involved in prostate cancer development, insights that are supported by the demonstration of increased expression levels of the eight identified proteins in prostate cancer patients and assessments of the progression-free interval. Taken together, our findings show that aberrant levels of eight proteins reflect molecular changes that are significantly regulated by androgen and/or PKA signaling pathways, suggesting possible molecular mechanisms of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin You
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-C.Y.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Byong-Chul You
- Division of Translational Science, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (B.-C.Y.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Jong-Kwang Kim
- Research Core Center, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea;
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Bo-Seul Song
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Jae-Kyung Myung
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center-Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10408, Korea; (J.-M.P.); (B.-S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-920-2746
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22
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Huang J, Hagberg Thulin M, Damber JE, Welén K. The roles of RUNX2 and osteoclasts in regulating expression of steroidogenic enzymes in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111380. [PMID: 34216642 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral steroidogenesis is involved in development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as bone metastases. The osteoblast transcription factor RUNX2 influences steroidogenesis and is induced in CRPC cells by osteoblasts. This study investigates osteoclastic influence on RUNX2 in intratumoral steroidogenesis. Steroidogenic enzymes and steroid receptors were detected with immunohistochemistry in xenograft intratibial tumors from CRPC cells. In vitro, expression of RUNX2 was increased by osteoclasts in osteoblastic LNCaP-19 cells, but not in osteolytic PC-3. Silencing of RUNX2 downregulates expression of CYP11A1, CYP17A1 and HSD3B1 in LNCaP-19 cells co-cultured with osteoclasts, leading to inhibition of KLK3 expression. Osteoclasts promoted CYP11A1 and RUNX2 promoted AKR1C3, HSD17B3 and CYP19A1, but suppressed ESR2 in PC-3 cells. This study shows that osteoclasts promote RUNX2 regulated induction of key steroidogenic enzymes, influencing activation of androgen receptor in CRPC cells. The potential of RUNX2 as a target to inhibit progression of skeletal metastases of CRPC needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Huang
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Hagberg Thulin
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Urology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Welén
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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23
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Yaragani M, Yadlapalli P, Raghavan S, Thota G, Basaveswara Rao Mandava V, Vikram Singh R, Prasad Kottapalli R, Saravanan C. Discovery of Easily Synthesizable 4, 4‐Dimethylimidazolidin‐2‐ones as Potent Androgen Receptor Antagonists for Prostate Cancer. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muralikrishna Yaragani
- Department of Chemistry Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Guntur 522 502, Andhra Pradesh India
| | | | - Sriram Raghavan
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics University of Madras, Guindy Campus Chennai Tamil Nadu 600 020 India
| | - Giridhar Thota
- Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Bangalure 560100 Karnataka India
| | | | | | | | - Chinnusamy Saravanan
- Center for Advanced Organic Materials (Sona-AROMA) Department of Chemistry Sona College of Technology Salem 636 005 Tamil Nadu India
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24
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Xiong X, Qiu S, Yi X, Xu H, Liao D, Lei H, Bai S, Peng G, Ai J, Yang L. Steroid switch after progression on abiraterone plus prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:754-763. [PMID: 34330654 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates that patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer could respond to steroid switch from prednisone (P) to dexamethasone (D) following progression on abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AA+P). OBJECTIVES Conducting a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and prognostic factors of steroid switch. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically searched Pubmed, Web of Science, and American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting abstracts published up to October 2020. Literature review, study selection, and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers. Risk of bias (RoB) and quality of evidence were assessed. A systematic review and pooled analysis were performed. RESULTS Nine studies were eligible for inclusion. All of the included patients were progression on AA+P. Pooled rates of PSA50 and PSA30 on abiraterone acetate plus dexamethasone (AA+D) were 0.24 (95%CI [0.18,0.30]) and 0.42 (95%CI [0.36,0.48]), respectively. Subgroup analysis indicated more favorable PSA50 and PSA30 rates on AA+D when switching from P to D only based on PSA progression. Median time to PSA progression on AA+D ranged from 2.73 to 11.38 months. Definitions of progression free survival were variable. Reported median progression free survival on AA+D ranged from 2.52 to 11.8 months. Median overall survival on AA+D varied from 4.11 to 20.9 months. All patients tolerated well on AA+D, and no grade 3 to 4 adverse events were reported. Baseline characteristics of patients, previous treatment and its response, and genetic alterations might all play roles in the response in the response toward the AA+D regimen. CONCLUSIONS The present systematic review suggested that steroid switch from P to D might be an effective and safe treatment strategy in a subset of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after PSA progression on AA+P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Center of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Center of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianyanling Yi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Center of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Center of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dazhou Liao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Center of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoran Lei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Center of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengjiang Bai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Center of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Center of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Center of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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25
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Xie J, Kusnadi EP, Furic L, Selth LA. Regulation of mRNA Translation by Hormone Receptors in Breast and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3254. [PMID: 34209750 PMCID: PMC8268847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and prostate cancer are the second and third leading causes of death amongst all cancer types, respectively. Pathogenesis of these malignancies is characterised by dysregulation of sex hormone signalling pathways, mediated by the estrogen receptor-α (ER) in breast cancer and androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer. ER and AR are transcription factors whose aberrant function drives oncogenic transcriptional programs to promote cancer growth and progression. While ER/AR are known to stimulate cell growth and survival by modulating gene transcription, emerging findings indicate that their effects in neoplasia are also mediated by dysregulation of protein synthesis (i.e., mRNA translation). This suggests that ER/AR can coordinately perturb both transcriptional and translational programs, resulting in the establishment of proteomes that promote malignancy. In this review, we will discuss relatively understudied aspects of ER and AR activity in regulating protein synthesis as well as the potential of targeting mRNA translation in breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Xie
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Eric P Kusnadi
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Translational Prostate Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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26
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Sun G, Sun K, Sun J. Combination prostate cancer therapy: Prostate-specific membranes antigen targeted, pH-sensitive nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin and tanshinone. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1132-1140. [PMID: 34121558 PMCID: PMC8205064 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1931559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in the men population. Combination anticancer therapy using doxorubicin (DOX) and another extract of traditional Chinese medicine is one nano-sized drug delivery system promising to generate synergistic anticancer effects, maximize the treatment effect, and overcome multi-drug resistance. The purpose of this study is to construct a drug delivery system for the co-delivery of DOX and tanshinones (TAN). Lipid nanoparticles loaded with DOX and TAN (N-DOX/TAN) were prepared by emulsification and solvent-diffusion method. PSMA targeted nanoparticles loaded with DOX and TAN (P-N-DOX/TAN) were synthesized by conjugating a PSMA targeted ligand to N-DOX/TAN. We evaluate the performance of this system in vitro and in vivo. P-N-DOX/TAN has a size of 139.7 ± 4.1 nm and a zeta potential of 11.2 ± 1.6 mV. The drug release of DOX and TAN from P-N-DOX/TAN was much faster than that of N-DOX/TAN. N-DOX/TAN presented more inhibition effect on tumor growth than N-DOX and N-TAN, which is consistent with the synergistic results and successfully highlighting the advantages of combing the DOX and TAN in one system. P-N-DOX/TAN achieved higher uptake by LNCaP cells (58.9 ± 1.9%), highest tumor tissue distribution, and the most significant tumor inhibition efficiency. The novel nanomedicine offers great promise for the dual drug delivery to prostate cancer cells, showing the potential of synergistic combination therapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Sun
- Department of Oncology, Municipal Hospital of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Municipal Hospital of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Municipal Hospital of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, P. R. China
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27
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Abstract
Huggins and Hodges demonstrated the therapeutic effect of gonadal testosterone deprivation in the 1940s and therefore firmly established the concept that prostate cancer is a highly androgen-dependent disease. Since that time, hormonal therapy has undergone iterative advancement, from the types of gonadal testosterone deprivation to modalities that block the generation of adrenal and other extragonadal androgens, to those that directly bind and inhibit the androgen receptor (AR). The clinical states of prostate cancer are the product of a superimposition of these therapies with nonmetastatic advanced prostate cancer, as well as frankly metastatic disease. Today's standard of care for advanced prostate cancer includes gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (e.g., leuprolide), second-generation nonsteroidal AR antagonists (enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide) and the androgen biosynthesis inhibitor abiraterone. The purpose of this review is to provide an assessment of hormonal therapies for the various clinical states of prostate cancer. The advancement of today's standard of care will require an accounting of an individual's androgen physiology that also has recently recognized germline determinants of peripheral androgen metabolism, which include HSD3B1 inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Desai
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey M McManus
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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28
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Makwana V, Rudrawar S, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. Signalling transduction of O-GlcNAcylation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-axis in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166129. [PMID: 33744394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hexosamine biosynthetic (HBP) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are found to predominate the proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Both these pathways have their own specific intermediates to propagate the secondary signals in down-stream cascades and besides having their own structured network, also have shared interconnecting branches. These interconnections are either competitive or co-operative in nature depending on the microenvironmental conditions. Specifically, in prostate cancer HBP and mTOR pathways increases the expression and protein level of androgen receptor in order to support cancer cell proliferation, advancement and metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of a single pathway is therefore insufficient to stop disease progression as the cancer cells manage to alter the signalling channel. This is one of the primary reasons for the therapeutic failure in prostate cancer and emergence of chemoresistance. Inhibition of these multiple pathways at their common junctures might prove to be of benefit in men suffering from an advanced disease state. Hence, a thorough understanding of these cellular intersecting points and their significance with respect to signal transduction mechanisms might assist in the rational designing of combinations for effective management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Makwana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
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29
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Kamimura K, Suda T, Fukuhara Y, Okuda S, Watanabe Y, Yokoo T, Osaki A, Waguri N, Ishikawa T, Sato T, Aoyagi Y, Takamura M, Wakai T, Terai S. Adipose most abundant 2 protein is a predictive marker for cisplatin sensitivity in cancers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6255. [PMID: 33737617 PMCID: PMC7973578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the chemotherapeutic drugs being used to treat various cancers. Although effective in many cases, as high doses of CDDP cause cytotoxic effects that may worsen patients' condition, therefore, a marker of sensitivity to CDDP is necessary to enhance the safety and efficiency of CDDP administration. This study focused on adipose most abundant 2 (APM2) to examine its potential as a marker of CDDP sensitivity. The relationship of APM2 expression with the mechanisms of CDDP resistance was examined in vitro and in vivo using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, tissues and serum of HCC patients (n = 71) treated initially with intrahepatic arterial infusion of CDDP followed by surgical resection. The predictability of serum APM2 for CDDP sensitivity was assessed in additional 54 HCC patients and 14 gastric cancer (GC) patients. APM2 expression in CDDP-resistant HCC was significantly higher both in serum and the tissue. Bioinformatic analyses and histological analyses demonstrated upregulation of ERCC6L (DNA excision repair protein ERCC6-like) by APM2, which accounts for the degree of APM2 expression. The serum APM2 level and chemosensitivity for CDDP were assessed and cut-off value of serum APM2 for predicting the sensitivity to CDDP was determined to be 18.7 µg/mL. The value was assessed in HCC (n = 54) and GC (n = 14) patients for its predictability of CDDP sensitivity, resulted in predictive value of 77.3% and 100%, respectively. Our study demonstrated that APM2 expression is related to CDDP sensitivity and serum APM2 can be an effective biomarker of HCC and GC for determining the sensitivity to CDDP.Trial registration: This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000028487).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
- Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, 1-757, Asahimachido-ri, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine Niigata University Hospital, Minamiuonuma, Niigata, 949-7302, Japan
| | - Yasuo Fukuhara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Division of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yu Watanabe
- Division of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiko Osaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Niigata, 950-1197, Japan
| | - Nobuo Waguri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Niigata, 950-1197, Japan
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Niigata, 950-1104, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kashiwazaki General Hospital and Medical Center, Kashiwazaki, Niigata, 945-8535, Japan
| | - Yutaka Aoyagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata Medical Center, Niigata, Niigata, 950-2022, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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30
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Shen D, Ju L, Zhou F, Yu M, Ma H, Zhang Y, Liu T, Xiao Y, Wang X, Qian K. The inhibitory effect of melatonin on human prostate cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:34. [PMID: 33722247 PMCID: PMC7962396 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed human cancers in males. Nearly 191,930 new cases and 33,330 new deaths of PCa are estimated in 2020. Androgen and androgen receptor pathways played essential roles in the pathogenesis of PCa. Androgen depletion therapy is the most used therapies for primary PCa patients. However, due to the high relapse and mortality of PCa, developing novel noninvasive therapies have become the focus of research. Melatonin is an indole-like neurohormone mainly produced in the human pineal gland with a prominent anti-oxidant property. The anti-tumor ability of melatonin has been substantially confirmed and several related articles have also reported the inhibitory effect of melatonin on PCa, while reviews of this inhibitory effect of melatonin on PCa in recent 10 years are absent. Therefore, we systematically discuss the relationship between melatonin disruption and the risk of PCa, the mechanism of how melatonin inhibited PCa, and the synergistic benefits of melatonin and other drugs to summarize current understandings about the function of melatonin in suppressing human prostate cancer. We also raise several unsolved issues that need to be resolved to translate currently non-clinical trials of melatonin for clinic use. We hope this literature review could provide a solid theoretical basis for the future utilization of melatonin in preventing, diagnosing and treating human prostate cancer. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenfang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxue Yu
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoli Ma
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China.,Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,Euler Technology, ZGC Life Sciences Park, Beijing, China
| | - Tongzu Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China. .,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China. .,Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China. .,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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31
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Severson TM, Zhu Y, De Marzo AM, Jones T, Simons JW, Nelson WG, Yegnasubramanian S, Freedman ML, Wessels L, Bergman AM, Haffner MC, Zwart W. Epigenetic and transcriptional analysis reveals a core transcriptional program conserved in clonal prostate cancer metastases. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1942-1955. [PMID: 33576154 PMCID: PMC8253095 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenomic regulation of transcriptional programs in metastatic prostate cancer is poorly understood. We studied the epigenomic landscape of prostate cancer drivers using transcriptional profiling and ChIP‐seq in four clonal metastatic tumors derived from a single prostate cancer patient. Our epigenomic analyses focused on androgen receptor (AR), which is a key oncogenic driver in prostate cancer, the AR pioneer factor FOXA1, chromatin insulator CCCTC‐Binding Factor, as well as for modified histones H3K27ac and H3K27me3. The vast majority of AR binding sites were shared among healthy prostate, primary prostate cancer, and metastatic tumor samples, signifying core AR‐driven transcriptional regulation within the prostate cell lineage. Genes associated with core AR‐binding events were significantly enriched for essential genes in prostate cancer cell proliferation. Remarkably, the metastasis‐specific active AR binding sites showed no differential transcriptional output, indicating a robust transcriptional program across metastatic samples. Combined, our data reveal a core transcriptional program in clonal metastatic prostate cancer, despite epigenomic differences in the AR cistrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesa M. Severson
- Division of OncogenomicsOncode InstituteNetherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Division of Molecular OncogenesisOncode InstituteNetherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- Division of OncogenomicsOncode InstituteNetherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterDepartment of PathologyBrady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Tracy Jones
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | | | - William G. Nelson
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterDepartment of PathologyBrady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | | | - Matthew L. Freedman
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad InstituteCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Division of Molecular OncogenesisOncode InstituteNetherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Andries M. Bergman
- Division of OncogenomicsOncode InstituteNetherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Medical OncologyNetherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical ResearchFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of OncogenomicsOncode InstituteNetherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoventhe Netherlands
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32
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Blatt EB, Kopplin N, Kumar S, Mu P, Conzen SD, Raj GV. Overcoming oncogene addiction in breast and prostate cancers: a comparative mechanistic overview. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:R31-R46. [PMID: 33263560 PMCID: PMC8218927 DOI: 10.1530/erc-20-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) and breast cancer (BCa) are both hormone-dependent cancers that require the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER, ESR1) for growth and proliferation, respectively. Endocrine therapies that target these nuclear receptors (NRs) provide significant clinical benefit for metastatic patients. However, these therapeutic strategies are seldom curative and therapy resistance is prevalent. Because the vast majority of therapy-resistant PCa and BCa remain dependent on the augmented activity of their primary NR driver, common mechanisms of resistance involve enhanced NR signaling through overexpression, mutation, or alternative splicing of the receptor, coregulator alterations, and increased intracrine hormonal synthesis. In addition, a significant subset of endocrine therapy-resistant tumors become independent of their primary NR and switch to alternative NR or transcriptional drivers. While these hormone-dependent cancers generally employ similar mechanisms of endocrine therapy resistance, distinct differences between the two tumor types have been observed. In this review, we compare and contrast the most frequent mechanisms of antiandrogen and antiestrogen resistance, and provide potential therapeutic strategies for targeting both advanced PCa and BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot B Blatt
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Noa Kopplin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shourya Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Mu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Suzanne D Conzen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ganesh V Raj
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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33
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Maitland NJ. Resistance to Antiandrogens in Prostate Cancer: Is It Inevitable, Intrinsic or Induced? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:327. [PMID: 33477370 PMCID: PMC7829888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly sophisticated therapies for chemical castration dominate first-line treatments for locally advanced prostate cancer. However, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) offers little prospect of a cure, as resistant tumors emerge rather rapidly, normally within 30 months. Cells have multiple mechanisms of resistance to even the most sophisticated drug regimes, and both tumor cell heterogeneity in prostate cancer and the multiple salvage pathways result in castration-resistant disease related genetically to the original hormone-naive cancer. The timing and mechanisms of cell death after ADT for prostate cancer are not well understood, and off-target effects after long-term ADT due to functional extra-prostatic expression of the androgen receptor protein are now increasingly being recorded. Our knowledge of how these widely used treatments fail at a biological level in patients is deficient. In this review, I will discuss whether there are pre-existing drug-resistant cells in a tumor mass, or whether resistance is induced/selected by the ADT. Equally, what is the cell of origin of this resistance, and does it differ from the treatment-naïve tumor cells by differentiation or dedifferentiation? Conflicting evidence also emerges from studies in the range of biological systems and species employed to answer this key question. It is only by improving our understanding of this aspect of treatment and not simply devising another new means of androgen inhibition that we can improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman J Maitland
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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34
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Zheng J, Wang J, Wang Q, Zou H, Wang H, Zhang Z, Chen J, Wang Q, Wang P, Zhao Y, Lu J, Zhang X, Xiang S, Wang H, Lei J, Chen HW, Liu P, Liu Y, Han F, Wang J. Targeting castration-resistant prostate cancer with a novel ROR γ antagonist elaiophylin. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2313-2322. [PMID: 33354503 PMCID: PMC7745055 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) patients who progress to metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) mostly have poor outcomes due to the lack of effective therapies. Our recent study established the orphan nuclear receptor RORγ as a novel therapeutic target for CRPC. Here, we reveal that elaiophylin (Elai), an antibiotic from Actinomycete streptomyces, is a novel RORγ antagonist and showed potent antitumor activity against CRPC in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that Elai selectively binded to RORγ protein and potently blocked RORγ transcriptional regulation activities. Structure–activity relationship studies showed that Elai occupied the binding pocket with several key interactions. Furthermore, Elai markedly reduced the recruitment of RORγ to its genomic DNA response element (RORE), suppressed the expression of RORγ target genes AR and AR variants, and significantly inhibited PCa cell growth. Importantly, Elai strongly suppressed tumor growth in both cell line based and patient-derived PCa xenograft models. Taken together, these results suggest that Elai is novel therapeutic RORγ inhibitor that can be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of human CRPC.
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35
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Elhodaky M, Hong LK, Kadkol S, Diamond AM. Selenium-binding protein 1 alters energy metabolism in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2020; 80:962-976. [PMID: 32511787 PMCID: PMC7473137 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The broad goal of the research described in this study was to investigate the contributions of selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1) loss in prostate cancer development and outcome. METHODS SBP1 levels were altered in prostate cancer cell lines and the consequences on oxygen consumption, expression of proteins associated with energy metabolism, and cellular transformation and migration were investigated. The effects of exposing cells to the SBP1 reaction products, H2 O2 and H2 S were also assessed. In silico analyses identified potential HNF4α binding sites within the SBP1 promoter region and this was investigated using an inhibitor specific for that transcription factor. RESULTS Using in silico analyses, it was determined that the promoter region of SBP1 contains putative binding sites for the HNF4α transcription factor. The potential for HNF4α to regulate SBP1 expression was supported by data indicating that HNF4α inhibition resulted in a dose-response increase in the levels of SBP1 messenger RNA and protein, identifying HNF4α as a novel negative regulator of SBP1 expression in prostate cancer cells. The consequences of altering the levels of SBP1 were investigated by ectopically expressing SBP1 in PC-3 prostate cancer cells, where SBP1 expression attenuated anchorage-independent cellular growth and migration in culture, both properties associated with transformation. SBP1 overexpression reduced oxygen consumption in these cells and increased the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a major regulator of energy homeostasis. In addition, the reaction products of SBP1, H2 O2 , and H2 S also activated AMPK. CONCLUSIONS Based on the obtained data, it is hypothesized that SBP1 negatively regulates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the healthy prostate cells by the production of H2 O2 and H2 S and consequential activation of AMPK. The reduction of SBP1 levels in prostate cancer can occur due to increased binding of HNF4α, acting as a transcriptional inhibitor to the SBP1 promoter. Consequently, there is a reduction in H2 O2 and H2 S-mediated signaling, inhibition of AMPK, and stimulation of OXPHOS and building blocks of biomolecules needed for tumor growth and progression. Other effects of SBP1 loss in tumor cells remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Elhodaky
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Lenny K. Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Shrinidhi Kadkol
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
| | - Alan M. Diamond
- Department of Pathology, College of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinois
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36
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Exosomes-Mediated Transfer of Itga2 Promotes Migration and Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells by Inducing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082300. [PMID: 32824235 PMCID: PMC7466113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although integrin alpha 2 subunit (ITGA2) mediates cancer progression and metastasis, its transfer by exosomes has not been investigated in prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to determine the role of exosomal ITGA2 derived from castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) cells in promoting aggressive phenotypes in androgen receptor (AR)-positive cells. Exosomes were co-incubated with recipient cells and tested for different cellular assays. ITGA2 was enriched in exosomes derived from CRPC cells. Co-culture of AR-positive cells with CRPC-derived exosomes increased their proliferation, migration, and invasion by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which was reversed via ITGA2 knockdown or inhibition of exosomal uptake by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). Ectopic expression of ITGA2 reproduced the effect of exosomal ITGA2 in PCa cells. ITGA2 transferred by exosomes exerted its effect within a shorter time compared to that triggered by its endogenous expression. The difference of ITGA2 protein expression in localized tumors and those with lymph node metastatic tissues was indistinguishable. Nevertheless, its abundance was higher in circulating exosomes collected from PCa patients when compared with normal subjects. Our findings indicate the possible role of the exosomal-ITGA2 transfer in altering the phenotype of AR-positive cells towards more aggressive phenotype. Thus, interfering with exosomal cargo transfer may inhibit the development of aggressive phenotype in PCa cells.
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37
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Mohler JL, Antonarakis ES, Armstrong AJ, D'Amico AV, Davis BJ, Dorff T, Eastham JA, Enke CA, Farrington TA, Higano CS, Horwitz EM, Hurwitz M, Ippolito JE, Kane CJ, Kuettel MR, Lang JM, McKenney J, Netto G, Penson DF, Plimack ER, Pow-Sang JM, Pugh TJ, Richey S, Roach M, Rosenfeld S, Schaeffer E, Shabsigh A, Small EJ, Spratt DE, Srinivas S, Tward J, Shead DA, Freedman-Cass DA. Prostate Cancer, Version 2.2019, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2020; 17:479-505. [PMID: 31085757 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2019.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 844] [Impact Index Per Article: 211.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The NCCN Guidelines for Prostate Cancer include recommendations regarding diagnosis, risk stratification and workup, treatment options for localized disease, and management of recurrent and advanced disease for clinicians who treat patients with prostate cancer. The portions of the guidelines included herein focus on the roles of germline and somatic genetic testing, risk stratification with nomograms and tumor multigene molecular testing, androgen deprivation therapy, secondary hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Jesse McKenney
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center/University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute
| | - George Netto
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Sylvia Richey
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital/The University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - Mack Roach
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Edward Schaeffer
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University
| | - Ahmad Shabsigh
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute
| | - Eric J Small
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Jonathan Tward
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah; and
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38
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Jonnalagadda B, Arockiasamy S, Krishnamoorthy S. Cellular growth factors as prospective therapeutic targets for combination therapy in androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Life Sci 2020; 259:118208. [PMID: 32763294 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with prostate cancer, the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. Prostate cancer develops in the peripheral zone of the prostate gland, and the initial progression largely depends on androgens, the male reproductive hormone that regulates the growth and development of the prostate gland and testis. The currently available treatments for androgen dependent prostate cancer are, however, effective for a limited period, where the patients show disease relapse, and develop androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Studies have shown various intricate cellular processes such as, deregulation in multiple biochemical and signaling pathways, intra-tumoral androgen synthesis; AR over-expression and mutations and AR activation via alternative growth pathways are involved in progression of AIPC. The currently approved treatment strategies target a single cellular protein or pathway, where the cells slowly develop resistance and adapt to proliferate via other cellular pathways over a period of time. Therefore, an increased research aims to understand the efficacy of combination therapy, which targets multiple interlinked pathways responsible for acquisition of resistance and survival. The combination therapy is also shown to enhance efficacy as well as reduce toxicity of the drugs. Thus, the present review focuses on the signaling pathways involved in the progression of AIPC, comprising a heterogeneous population of cells and the advantages of combination therapy. Several clinical and pre-clinical studies on a variety of combination treatments have shown beneficial outcomes, yet further research is needed to understand the potential of combination therapy and its diverse strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Jonnalagadda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sumathy Arockiasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
| | - Sriram Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Urology, Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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39
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Zhao J, Ning S, Lou W, Yang JC, Armstrong CM, Lombard AP, D'Abronzo LS, Evans CP, Gao AC, Liu C. Cross-Resistance Among Next-Generation Antiandrogen Drugs Through the AKR1C3/AR-V7 Axis in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1708-1718. [PMID: 32430485 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The next-generation antiandrogen drugs, XTANDI (enzalutamide), ZYTIGA (abiraterone acetate), ERLEADA (apalutamide) and NUBEQA (darolutamide) extend survival times and improve quality of life in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Despite these advances, resistance occurs frequently and there is currently no definitive cure for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Our previous studies identified that similar mechanisms of resistance to enzalutamide or abiraterone occur following treatment and cross-resistance exists between these therapies in advanced prostate cancer. Here, we show that enzalutamide- and abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer cells are further cross-resistant to apalutamide and darolutamide. Mechanistically, we have determined that the AKR1C3/AR-V7 axis confers this cross-resistance. Knockdown of AR-V7 in enzalutamide-resistant cells resensitize cells to apalutamide and darolutamide treatment. Furthermore, targeting AKR1C3 resensitizes resistant cells to apalutamide and darolutamide treatment through AR-V7 inhibition. Chronic apalutamide treatment in C4-2B cells activates the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway and increases AKR1C3 expression, which confers resistance to enzalutamide, abiraterone, and darolutamide. In conclusion, our results suggest that apalutamide and darolutamide share similar resistant mechanisms with enzalutamide and abiraterone. The AKR1C3/AR-V7 complex confers cross-resistance to second-generation androgen receptor-targeted therapies in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Zhao
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Shu Ning
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Joy C Yang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Cameron M Armstrong
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Alan P Lombard
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Leandro S D'Abronzo
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Christopher P Evans
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.,UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California. .,UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California
| | - Chengfei Liu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California. .,UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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40
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Hao L, Li H, Zhang S, Yang Y, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Integrative Exome Sequencing Analysis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Chinese Population. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:140-148. [PMID: 31580249 DOI: 10.2174/1389201019666191003142119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) is a fatal disease with rapid growth. The malignancy usually presents with metastasis and poor prognosis, and causes 100% mortality. Therefore, the treatment of CRPC is extremely challenging, and its pathogenesis need to be elucidated urgently. OBJECTIVE The high throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the whole exome associated with CRPC, to explore the molecular mechanism of CRPC, and to find the potential therapeutic targets. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing of FFPE tissue from 11 Chinese adult male patients. Genomic DNA was fragmented and enriched for whole-exome sequencing using the QiAamp DNA FFPE Tissue KIT, sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq2000 platform, and the relevant genes were analyzed using biological information. Finally, immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the phosphorylation level of LATS1 in CRPC tissues of MST1 mutant and non-mutant patients. RESULTS We have screened 85 significant mutant genes with relatively high mutation rates of TP53, AR, KMT2, DMAPK1, PIK3R1, SH2B3, WHSC1, KMT2D, MST1 and MAPK1. We first found that MST1 has multiple mutations in CRPC patients, and the MST1 plays an important role in the Hippo pathway. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the phosphorylation level of LATS1 in the mutant patients was significantly lower than that in the non-mutant patients. CONCLUSION We speculate that MST1 would be a new potential target for the treatment of CRPC by regulating Hippo signaling pathway. The results provided an important clue to the molecular mechanism of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Su Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanlei Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
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41
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Xia L, Bouamar H, Gu X, Zeballos C, Qin T, Wang B, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Zhu H, Zhang W, Houghton PJ, Sun LZ. Gli2 mediates the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:100-112. [PMID: 32319599 PMCID: PMC7252461 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma‑associated oncogene family zinc finger 2 (Gli2), a key component of the hedgehog signaling pathway, has been previously demonstrated to promote the malignant properties of prostate cancer in vitro. However, the role of Gli2 in the development of castration‑resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, Gli2 expression was knocked down in androgen‑responsive prostate cancer cells using an inducible Gli2 short hairpin RNA. Suppression of Gli2 expression resulted in significant reduction of cell viability, increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle and reduced the expression of genes associated with cell cycle progression. Gli2 knockdown sensitized both androgen‑dependent and ‑independent prostate cancer cells to the antiandrogen drug Casodex and prevented the outgrowth of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. In addition, Gli2 knockdown significantly suppressed the development of CRPC in a LNCaP xenograft mouse model, which was reversed by the re‑expression of Gli2. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first occasion in which the essential role of Gli2 in the development of CRPC was demonstrated, providing a potential therapeutic target for the intervention of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xia
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hakim Bouamar
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Carla Zeballos
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Tai Qin
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Bingzhi Wang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Weishe Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lu-Zhe Sun
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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42
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Zhang WF, Li T, Lin SX. Meta-Analysis of steroid-converting enzymes and related receptors in prostate cancer suggesting novel combined therapies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105559. [PMID: 31783154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is essential for prostate cancer (PC) progression and treatment. Experiments have demonstrated that the intratumoral androgen levels are not affected by circulating androgen levels, but rather modulated by local steroid-converting enzyme activities. The expression modulation status of human steroid-converting enzymes and nuclear receptors are of great promise to identify novel therapeutic targets. Meta-analysis was performed with 9 cohorts (1093 specimens) from Gene Expression Omnibus, 16 cohorts (933 specimens) from Oncomine and the TCGA cohort (550 specimens). We found significant up regulation of 5α-reductase type 1 and type 3 in both primary and metastatic PC, together with the down regulation of AKR1C2 in primary PC, contributing to the high intratumoral DHT levels. The expression of AR in metastatic PC was up regulated, indicating the importance of AR signaling in the progression of this cancer. The down regulations of HSD11B1 and NR3C1 in primary and metastatic PC may diminish the anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation effects of glucocorticoids signaling. Furthermore, the decrease of progesterone receptor (PGR) expression in primary and metastatic PC was also observed, relieving the suppression effect of PGR on PC proliferation. The clinical evidences of the remarkable expression modulation of steroid-converting enzymes and receptors in PC may indicate novel combined treatment against this highly incident cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fa Zhang
- Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Tang Li
- Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada.
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43
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Saber SH, Ali HEA, Gaballa R, Gaballah M, Ali HI, Zerfaoui M, Abd Elmageed ZY. Exosomes are the Driving Force in Preparing the Soil for the Metastatic Seeds: Lessons from the Prostate Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E564. [PMID: 32121073 PMCID: PMC7140426 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-membrane vesicles that various cell types secrete during physiological and pathophysiological conditions. By shuttling bioactive molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to target cells, exosomes serve as key regulators for multiple cellular processes, including cancer metastasis. Recently, microvesicles have emerged as a challenge in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), encountered either when the number of vesicles increases or when the vesicles move into circulation, potentially with an ability to induce drug resistance, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Notably, the exosomal cargo can induce the desmoplastic response of PCa-associated cells in a tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote PCa metastasis. However, the crosstalk between PCa-derived exosomes and the TME remains only partially understood. In this review, we provide new insights into the metabolic and molecular signatures of PCa-associated exosomes in reprogramming the TME, and the subsequent promotion of aggressive phenotypes of PCa cells. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of TME reprogramming by exosomes draws more practical and universal conclusions for the development of new therapeutic interventions when considering TME in the treatment of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber H. Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Hamdy E. A. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (H.E.A.A.); (R.G.); (M.G.); (H.I.A.)
| | - Rofaida Gaballa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (H.E.A.A.); (R.G.); (M.G.); (H.I.A.)
| | - Mohamed Gaballah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (H.E.A.A.); (R.G.); (M.G.); (H.I.A.)
| | - Hamed I. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (H.E.A.A.); (R.G.); (M.G.); (H.I.A.)
| | - Mourad Zerfaoui
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (H.E.A.A.); (R.G.); (M.G.); (H.I.A.)
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44
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Nag N, Dutta S. Deubiquitination in prostate cancer progression: role of USP22. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6. [PMID: 34660907 PMCID: PMC8516349 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2020.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer death in men. With more therapeutic modalities available, the overall survival in PCa has increased significantly in recent years. Patients with relapses after advanced secondgeneration anti-androgen therapy however, often show poor disease prognosis. This group of patients often die from cancer-related complicacies. Multiple approaches have been taken to understand disease recurrence and to correlate the gene expression profile. In one such study, an 11-gene signature was identified to be associated with PCa recurrence and poor survival. Amongst them, a specific deubiquitinase called ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) was selectively and progressively overexpressed with PCa progression. Subsequently, it was shown to regulate androgen receptors and Myc, the two most important regulators of PCa progression. Furthermore, USP22 has been shown to be associated with the development of therapy resistant PCa. Inhibiting USP22 was also found to be therapeutically advantageous, especially in clinically challenging and advanced PCa. This review provides an update of USP22 related functions and challenges associated with PCa research and explains why targeting this axis is beneficial for PCa relapse cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Nag
- Department of Microbiology, Sister Nibedita Government General Degree College for Girls, Kolkata 700027, India
| | - Samikshan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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45
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Su B, Zhang L, Liu S, Chen X, Zhang W. GABARAPL1 Promotes AR+ Prostate Cancer Growth by Increasing FL-AR/AR-V Transcription Activity and Nuclear Translocation. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1254. [PMID: 31803623 PMCID: PMC6872515 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The next generation Androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies are now in widespread clinical use and prolong prostate cancer (CaP) patient survival. However, the therapies are not curative due to diverse range of resistance mechanisms. AR variants (AR-V), one major mechanism of resistance, has recently gained momentum. Here, we found that GABARAPL1 knockdown inhibits the growth of AR-positive LNCaP and CWR22rv1 CaP cells in vitro and in vivo, decreases AR/AR-V transcription activity and AR nuclear translocation. Pulldown assay shows that both of Full-length (FL)-AR and AR-V were able to interact with GABARAPL1, suggesting that GABARAPL1 may play its role through directly scaffolding AR. The further analysis from Oncomine database showed that negative correlation between GABARAPL1 expression and 5-years survival in CaP cases. Our findings have identified GABARAPL1 as critical regulator of FL-AR/AR-V, suggesting the potential benefit of targeting GABARAPL1 to treat AR-positive CaP that is resistant to next generation AR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Su
- Xinxiang Key Lab of Translational Cancer Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Xinxiang Key Lab of Translational Cancer Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shenglin Liu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
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46
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Taxane-based Chemotherapy Induced Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Tissue-based Analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16794. [PMID: 31727962 PMCID: PMC6856155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In total, 95 prostate cancer (Pca) patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate from 2000 to 2013 were assigned to four groups: Group 1, hormone-naïve and T1a or T1b Pca (n = 17); Group 2, hormone-sensitive and metastatic Pca (n = 33); Group 3, chemo-naïve castration-resistant Pca (CRPC), (n = 18); and Group 4, CRPC with chemotherapy (n = 27). Full-length androgen receptor (ARfl) transcript levels significantly increased from Group 1 through to Group 3 (p = 0.045), but decreased from Group 3 through to Group 4. AR splice variant 7 (ARV7) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcript levels significantly increased from Group 1 through to Group 4 (p = 0.002 and 0.049, respectively). Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that the high transcript level of these three receptors resulted in significantly poorer cancer-specific survival (CSS) than that by low transcript level, although Cox regression analysis revealed that the ARV7 level alone was an independent prognostic factor for CSS in CRPC patients (high vs. low: hazard ratio, 1.897; 95% confidence interval, 1.102-3.625; p = 0.042). In conclusion, ARV7 and GR transcript levels significantly increase as Pca progresses to CRPC.
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47
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Josefsson A, Damber JE, Welén K. AR-V7 expression in circulating tumor cells as a potential prognostic marker in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Acta Oncol 2019; 58:1660-1664. [PMID: 31286815 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1637540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Josefsson
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology & Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Welén
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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48
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Nagesh PK, Chowdhury P, Hatami E, Kumari S, Kashyap VK, Tripathi MK, Wagh S, Meibohm B, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM. Cross-Linked Polyphenol-Based Drug Nano-Self-Assemblies Engineered to Blockade Prostate Cancer Senescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38537-38554. [PMID: 31553876 PMCID: PMC8020616 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is one of the prevailing issues in cancer therapeutics that promotes cancer relapse, chemoresistance, and recurrence. Patients undergoing persistent chemotherapy often develop drug-induced senescence. Docetaxel, an FDA-approved treatment for prostate cancer, is known to induce cellular senescence which often limits the overall survival of patients. Strategic therapies that counter the cellular and drug-induced senescence are an unmet clinical need. Towards this an effort was made to develop a novel therapeutic strategy that targets and removes senescent cells from the tumors, we developed a nanoformulation of tannic acid-docetaxel self-assemblies (DSAs). The construction of DSAs was confirmed through particle size measurements, spectroscopy, thermal, and biocompatibility studies. This formulation exhibited enhanced in vitro therapeutic activity in various biological functional assays with respect to native docetaxel treatments. Microarray and immunoblot analysis results demonstrated that DSAs exposure selectively deregulated senescence associated TGFβR1/FOXO1/p21 signaling. Decrease in β-galactosidase staining further suggested reversion of drug-induced senescence after DSAs exposure. Additionally, DSAs induced profound cell death by activation of apoptotic signaling through bypassing senescence. Furthermore, in vivo and ex vivo imaging analysis demonstrated the tumor targeting behavior of DSAs in mice bearing PC-3 xenograft tumors. The antisenescence and anticancer activity of DSAs was further shown in vivo by inhibiting TGFβR1 proteins and regressing tumor growth through apoptotic induction in the PC-3 xenograft mouse model. Overall, DSAs exhibited such advanced features due to a natural compound in the formulation as a matrix/binder for docetaxel. Overall, DSAs showed superior tumor targeting and improved cellular internalization, promoting docetaxel efficacy. These findings may have great implications in prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth K.B. Nagesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Pallabita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Elham Hatami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Sonam Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Manish K. Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Santosh Wagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, Texas 78504, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Corresponding Author Mailing address: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, 5300 North L Street, Room 2.249, McAllen, TX 78504. Phone: (956) 296-1705. Fax No: (956)-296-1325.
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49
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Abstract
The prostate is an androgen-dependent organ that develops only in male mammals. Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Metastatic prostate cancer initially retains its androgen dependence, and androgen-deprivation therapy often leads to disease control; however, the cancer inevitably progresses despite treatment as castration-resistant prostate cancer, the lethal form of the disease. Although it was assumed that the cancer became androgen independent during this transition, studies over the last two decades have shown that these tumors evade treatment via mechanisms that augment acquisition of androgens from circulating precursors, increase sensitivity to androgens and androgen precursors, bypass the androgen receptor, or a combination of these mechanisms. This review summarizes the history of prostate cancer research leading to the contemporary view of androgen dependence for prostate cancers and the current treatment approaches based on this modern paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Auchus
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, and Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA;
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50
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Oh S, Shin S, Song H, Grande JP, Janknecht R. Relationship between ETS Transcription Factor ETV1 and TGF-β-regulated SMAD Proteins in Prostate Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8186. [PMID: 31160676 PMCID: PMC6546734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ETS transcription factor ETV1 is frequently overexpressed in aggressive prostate cancer, which is one underlying cause of this disease. Accordingly, transgenic mice that prostate-specifically overexpress ETV1 develop prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. However, progression to the adenocarcinoma stage is stifled in these mice, suggesting that inhibitory pathways possibly preclude ETV1 from exerting its full oncogenic potential. Here we provide evidence that TGF-β/SMAD signaling represents such an inhibitory pathway. First, we discovered that ETV1 forms complexes with SMAD4. Second, SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 overexpression impaired ETV1’s ability to stimulate gene transcription. Third, TGF-β1 inhibited ETV1-induced invasion by benign RWPE-1 prostate cells. Fourth, increased expression of SMAD3 and SMAD4 was observable in prostates of ETV1 transgenic mice. Conversely, we found that ETV1 may enhance TGF-β signaling in PC3 prostate cancer cells, revealing a different facet of the ETV1/TGF-β interplay. Altogether, these data provide more insights into the regulation and action of ETV1 and additionally suggest that TGF-β/SMAD signaling exerts its tumor suppressive activity, at least in part, by curtailing the oncogenic potential of ETV1 in prostatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangphil Oh
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sook Shin
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Hoogeun Song
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Joseph P Grande
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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