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Dai X, Xue P, Bian L. Molecular recognition and interaction between human plasminogen Kringle 5 and A2M domain in human complement C5 by biospecific methods coupled with molecular dynamics simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132356. [PMID: 38754659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The potent angiogenesis inhibitor known as human plasminogen Kringle 5 has shown promise in the treatment of vascular disorders and malignancies. The study aimed to investigate the recognition and interaction between Kringle 5 and the A2M domain of human complement component C5 using bio-specific methodologies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Initially, the specific interaction between Kringle 5 and A2M was confirmed and characterized through Ligand Blot and ELISA, yielding the dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.70 × 10-7 mol/L. Then, Kringle 5 showcased a dose-dependent inhibition of the production of C5a in lung cancer A549 cells, consequently impeding their proliferation and migration. Following the utilization of frontal affinity chromatography (FAC), it was revealed that there exists a singular binding site with the binding constant (Ka) of 3.79 × 105 L/mol. Following the implementation of homology modeling and MD optimization, the detailed results indicate that only a specific segment of the N-terminal structure of the A2M molecule engages in interaction with Kringle 5 throughout the binding process and the principal driving forces encompass electrostatic force, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals force. In conclusion, the A2M domain of human complement C5 emerges as a plausible binding target for Kringle 5 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufen Dai
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Pengli Xue
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Liujiao Bian
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Valencia I, Lumpuy-Castillo J, Magalhaes G, Sánchez-Ferrer CF, Lorenzo Ó, Peiró C. Mechanisms of endothelial activation, hypercoagulation and thrombosis in COVID-19: a link with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:75. [PMID: 38378550 PMCID: PMC10880237 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Early since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical and scientific community were aware of extra respiratory actions of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Endothelitis, hypercoagulation, and hypofibrinolysis were identified in COVID-19 patients as subsequent responses of endothelial dysfunction. Activation of the endothelial barrier may increase the severity of the disease and contribute to long-COVID syndrome and post-COVID sequelae. Besides, it may cause alterations in primary, secondary, and tertiary hemostasis. Importantly, these responses have been highly decisive in the evolution of infected patients also diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), who showed previous endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential triggers of endothelial activation related to COVID-19 and COVID-19 under diabetic milieu. Several mechanisms are induced by both the viral particle itself and by the subsequent immune-defensive response (i.e., NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, vasoactive peptides, cytokine storm, NETosis, activation of the complement system). Alterations in coagulation mediators such as factor VIII, fibrin, tissue factor, the von Willebrand factor: ADAMST-13 ratio, and the kallikrein-kinin or plasminogen-plasmin systems have been reported. Moreover, an imbalance of thrombotic and thrombolytic (tPA, PAI-I, fibrinogen) factors favors hypercoagulation and hypofibrinolysis. In the context of DM, these mechanisms can be exacerbated leading to higher loss of hemostasis. However, a series of therapeutic strategies targeting the activated endothelium such as specific antibodies or inhibitors against thrombin, key cytokines, factor X, complement system, the kallikrein-kinin system or NETosis, might represent new opportunities to address this hypercoagulable state present in COVID-19 and DM. Antidiabetics may also ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and platelet aggregation. By improving the microvascular pathology in COVID-19 and post-COVID subjects, the associated comorbidities and the risk of mortality could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Valencia
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, IIS Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28009, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jairo Lumpuy-Castillo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre On Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giselle Magalhaes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos F Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (FARMAVASM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre On Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (FARMAVASM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
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Sager REH, Walker AK, Middleton FA, Robinson K, Webster MJ, Gentile K, Wong ML, Shannon Weickert C. Changes in cytokine and cytokine receptor levels during postnatal development of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:186-201. [PMID: 36958512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to their traditional roles in immune cell communication, cytokines regulate brain development. Cytokines are known to influence neural cell generation, differentiation, maturation, and survival. However, most work on the role of cytokines in brain development investigates rodents or focuses on prenatal events. Here, we investigate how mRNA and protein levels of key cytokines and cytokine receptors change during postnatal development of the human prefrontal cortex. We find that most cytokine transcripts investigated (IL1B, IL18, IL6, TNF, IL13) are lowest at birth and increase between 1.5 and 5 years old. After 5 years old, transcriptional patterns proceeded in one of two directions: decreased expression in teens and young adults (IL1B, p = 0.002; and IL18, p = 0.004) or increased mean expression with maturation, particularly in teenagers (IL6, p = 0.004; TNF, p = 0.002; IL13, p < 0.001). In contrast, cytokine proteins tended to remain elevated after peaking significantly around 3 years of age (IL1B, p = 0.012; IL18, p = 0.026; IL6, p = 0.039; TNF, p < 0.001), with TNF protein being highest in teenagers. An mRNA-only analysis of cytokine receptor transcripts found that early developmental increases in cytokines were paralleled by increases in their ligand-binding receptor subunits, such as IL1R1 (p = 0.033) and IL6R (p < 0.001) transcripts. In contrast, cytokine receptor-associated signaling subunits, IL1RAP and IL6ST, did not change significantly between age groups. Of the two TNF receptors, the 'pro-death' TNFRSF1A and 'pro-survival' TNFRSF1B, only TNFRSF1B was significantly changed (p = 0.028), increasing first in toddlers and again in young adults. Finally, the cytokine inhibitor, IL13, was elevated first in toddlers (p = 0.006) and again in young adults (p = 0.053). While the mean expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) was highest in toddlers, this increase was not statistically significant. The fluctuations in cytokine expression reported here support a role for increases in specific cytokines at two different stages of human cortical development. The first is during the toddler/preschool period (IL1B, IL18, and IL13), and the other occurs at adolescence/young adult maturation (IL6, TNF and IL13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E H Sager
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Adam K Walker
- Laboratory of Immunopsychiatry, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Frank A Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kate Robinson
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Karen Gentile
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Seidel F, Fluiter K, Kleemann R, Worms N, van Nieuwkoop A, Caspers MPM, Grigoriadis N, Kiliaan AJ, Baas F, Michailidou I, Morrison MC. Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice develop neurodegeneration, age-dependent astrogliosis and obesity-induced changes in microglia immunophenotype which are partly reversed by complement component 5 neutralizing antibody. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1205261. [PMID: 37457817 PMCID: PMC10346859 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1205261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity has been linked to vascular dysfunction, cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. However, experimental models that recapitulate brain pathology in relation to obesity and vascular dysfunction are still lacking. Methods In this study we performed the histological and histochemical characterization of brains from Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, an established model for obesity and associated vascular disease. First, HFD-fed 18 week-old and 50 week-old Ldlr-/-.Leiden male mice were compared with age-matched C57BL/6J mice. We then assessed the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on brain pathology in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice and tested whether a treatment with an anti-complement component 5 antibody, a terminal complement pathway inhibitor recently shown to reduce vascular disease, can attenuate neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Histological analyses were complemented with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyses of the hippocampus to unravel molecular pathways underlying brain histopathology. Results We show that chow-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice have more severe neurodegeneration and show an age-dependent astrogliosis that is not observed in age-matched C57BL/6J controls. This was substantiated by pathway enrichment analysis using the NGS data which showed that oxidative phosphorylation, EIF2 signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways, all associated with neurodegeneration, were significantly altered in the hippocampus of Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice compared with C57BL/6J controls. Obesity-inducing HFD-feeding did not aggravate neurodegeneration and astrogliosis in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice. However, brains from HFD-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice showed reduced IBA-1 immunoreactivity and increased CD68 immunoreactivity compared with chow-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, indicating alteration of microglial immunophenotype by HFD feeding. The systemic administration of an anti-C5 treatment partially restored the HFD effect on microglial immunophenotype. In addition, NGS data of hippocampi from Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice showed that HFD feeding affected multiple molecular pathways relative to chow-fed controls: HFD notably inactivated synaptogenesis and activated neuroinflammation pathways. The anti-C5 treatment restored the HFD-induced effect on molecular pathways to a large extent. Conclusion This study shows that the Ldlr-/-.Leiden mouse model is suitable to study brain histopathology and associated biological processes in a context of obesity and provides evidence of the potential therapeutic value of anti-complement therapy against obesity-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florine Seidel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Center (PRIME), Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kees Fluiter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Worms
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anita van Nieuwkoop
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martien P. M. Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2 Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amanda J. Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Center (PRIME), Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Iliana Michailidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2 Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
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Franco-Acevedo A, Comes J, Mack JJ, Valenzuela NM. New insights into maladaptive vascular responses to donor specific HLA antibodies in organ transplantation. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1146040. [PMID: 38993843 PMCID: PMC11235244 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1146040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Transplant vasculopathy (TV) causes thickening of donor blood vessels in transplanted organs, and is a significant cause of graft loss and mortality in allograft recipients. It is known that patients with repeated acute rejection and/or donor specific antibodies are predisposed to TV. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanisms by which alloimmune injury culminates in this disease have not been fully delineated. As a result of this incomplete knowledge, there is currently a lack of effective therapies for this disease. The immediate intracellular signaling and the acute effects elicited by anti-donor HLA antibodies are well-described and continuing to be revealed in deeper detail. Further, advances in rejection diagnostics, including intragraft gene expression, provide clues to the inflammatory changes within allografts. However, mechanisms linking these events with long-term outcomes, particularly the maladaptive vascular remodeling seen in transplant vasculopathy, are still being delineated. New evidence demonstrates alterations in non-coding RNA profiles and the occurrence of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) during acute antibody-mediated graft injury. EndMT is also readily apparent in numerous settings of non-transplant intimal hyperplasia, and lessons can be learned from advances in those fields. This review will provide an update on these recent developments and remaining questions in our understanding of HLA antibody-induced vascular damage, framed within a broader consideration of manifestations and implications across transplanted organ types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Franco-Acevedo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Johanna Comes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julia J Mack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole M Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Gerogianni A, Bal M, Mohlin C, Woodruff TM, Lambris JD, Mollnes TE, Sjöström DJ, Nilsson PH. In vitro evaluation of iron oxide nanoparticle-induced thromboinflammatory response using a combined human whole blood and endothelial cell model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101387. [PMID: 37081885 PMCID: PMC10111002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are widely used in diagnostic and therapeutic settings. Upon systemic administration, however, they are rapidly recognized by components of innate immunity, which limit their therapeutic capacity and can potentially lead to adverse side effects. IONPs were previously found to induce the inflammatory response in human whole blood, including activation of the complement system and increased secretion of cytokines. Here, we investigated the thromboinflammatory response of 10-30 nm IONPs in lepirudin anticoagulated whole blood in interplay with endothelial cells and evaluated the therapeutic effect of applying complement inhibitors to limit adverse effects related to thromboinflammation. We found that IONPs induced complement activation, primarily at the C3-level, in whole blood incubated for up to four hours at 37°C with and without human microvascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, IONPs mediated a strong thromboinflammatory response, as seen by the significantly increased release of 21 of the 27 analyzed cytokines (p<0.05). IONPs also significantly increased cell-activation markers of endothelial cells [ICAM-1 (p<0.0001), P/E-selectin (p<0.05)], monocytes, and granulocytes [CD11b (p<0.001)], and platelets [CD62P (p<0.05), CD63 (p<0.05), NAP-2 (p<0.01), PF4 (p<0.05)], and showed cytotoxic effects, as seen by increased LDH (p<0.001) and heme (p<0.0001) levels. We found that inflammation and endothelial cell activation were partly complement-dependent and inhibition of complement at the level of C3 by compstatin Cp40 significantly attenuated expression of ICAM-1 (p<0.01) and selectins (p<0.05). We show that complement activation plays an important role in the IONPs-induced thromboinflammatory response and that complement inhibition is promising in improving IONPs biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gerogianni
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Melissa Bal
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Camilla Mohlin
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tom E. Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodo, Norway
| | - Dick J. Sjöström
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Per H. Nilsson
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Per H. Nilsson,
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Essa B, Al-Sharif M, Abdo M, Fericean L, Ateya A. New Insights on Nucleotide Sequence Variants and mRNA Levels of Candidate Genes Assessing Resistance/Susceptibility to Mastitis in Holstein and Montbéliarde Dairy Cows. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10010035. [PMID: 36669036 PMCID: PMC9861242 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major factor in the propagation of an infectious disease is host genetics. In this study, 180 dairy cows (90 of each breed: Holstein and Montbéliarde) were used. Each breed's tested dairy cows were divided into two groups of comparable size (45 cows each), mastitis-free and mastitis-affected groups. Each cow's jugular vein was punctured to obtain blood samples for DNA and RNA extraction. In the examined Holstein and Montbéliarde dairy cows, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related with mastitis resistance/susceptibility were found in the RASGRP1, NFkB, CHL1, MARCH3, PDGFD, MAST3, EPS15L1, C1QTNF3, CD46, COX18, NEURL1, PPIE, and PTX3 genes. Chi-square analysis of identified SNPs revealed a significant difference in gene frequency between mastitic and healthy cows. Except for CHL1, mastitic dairy cows of two breeds had considerably higher mRNA levels of the examined genes than did healthy ones. Marker-assisted selection and monitoring of dairy cows' susceptibility to mastitis may be accomplished through the use of discovered SNPs and changes in the gene expression profile of the studied genes. These findings also point to a possible method for reducing mastitis in dairy cows through selective breeding of animals using genetic markers linked to an animal's ability to resist infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bothaina Essa
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Mona Al-Sharif
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Liana Fericean
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences King Michael I, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-10-0354-1921; Fax: +20-502372592
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Xiao K, Zhang S, Li C. The complement system and complement-like factors in sea cucumber. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104511. [PMID: 36029917 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is an important part of innate immunity and plays an essential role in immune responses. Complement system consists of a series of proteins, its activation results in opsonization and phagocytosis of pathogens. Although the complement system has been studied extensively in vertebrates, considerably less is known about complement in invertebrates, especially in sea cucumber. Here, we reviewed the complement-like factors including Component 3 (C3), Complement factor B (Bf), Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and globular Complement component 1q Receptor (gC1qR), which had been found in the complement system of sea cucumber. Furthermore, we compared the features of complement components among marine invertebrates and described the evolution of sea cucumber complement system obviously. This review can offer theoretical basis for disease control of the sea cucumber and will provide new insights into immune system of marine invertebrates. Meantime, the complete framework of sea cucumber complement may benefit the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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Combined treatment of xyloglucan derivative hydrogel and anti-C5a receptor antibody in preventing peritoneal adhesion. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:163-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Targeting vascular inflammation through emerging methods and drug carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114180. [PMID: 35271986 PMCID: PMC9035126 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a common dangerous component of pathogenesis of many prevalent conditions with high morbidity and mortality including sepsis, thrombosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), COVID-19, myocardial and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, infection, and trauma. Inflammatory changes of the vasculature and blood mediate the course and outcome of the pathology in the tissue site of insult, remote organs and systemically. Endothelial cells lining the luminal surface of the vasculature play the key regulatory functions in the body, distinct under normal vs. pathological conditions. In theory, pharmacological interventions in the endothelial cells might enable therapeutic correction of the overzealous damaging pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic changes in the vasculature. However, current agents and drug delivery systems (DDS) have inadequate pharmacokinetics and lack the spatiotemporal precision of vascular delivery in the context of acute inflammation. To attain this level of precision, many groups design DDS targeted to specific endothelial surface determinants. These DDS are able to provide specificity for desired tissues, organs, cells, and sub-cellular compartments needed for a particular intervention. We provide a brief overview of endothelial determinants, design of DDS targeted to these molecules, their performance in experimental models with focus on animal studies and appraisal of emerging new approaches. Particular attention is paid to challenges and perspectives of targeted therapeutics and nanomedicine for advanced management of acute inflammation.
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Aiello S, Gastoldi S, Galbusera M, Ruggenenti P, Portalupi V, Rota S, Rubis N, Liguori L, Conti S, Tironi M, Gamba S, Santarsiero D, Benigni A, Remuzzi G, Noris M. C5a and C5aR1 are key drivers of microvascular platelet aggregation in clinical entities spanning from aHUS to COVID-19. Blood Adv 2022; 6:866-881. [PMID: 34852172 PMCID: PMC8945302 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unrestrained activation of the complement system till the terminal products, C5a and C5b-9, plays a pathogenetic role in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In endothelial cells, complement hyperactivation may translate into cell dysfunction, favoring thrombus formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the C5a/C5aR1 axis as opposed to C5b-9 in inducing endothelial dysfunction and loss of antithrombogenic properties. In vitro and ex vivo assays with serum from patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a prototype rare disease of complement-mediated microvascular thrombosis due to genetically determined alternative pathway dysregulation, and cultured microvascular endothelial cells, demonstrated that the C5a/C5aR1 axis is a key player in endothelial thromboresistance loss. C5a added to normal human serum fully recapitulated the prothrombotic effects of aHUS serum. Mechanistic studies showed that C5a caused RalA-mediated exocytosis of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and P-selectin from Weibel-Palade bodies, which favored further vWF binding on the endothelium and platelet adhesion and aggregation. In patients with severe COVID-19 who suffered from acute activation of complement triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, we found the same C5a-dependent pathogenic mechanisms. These results highlight C5a/C5aR1 as a common prothrombogenic effector spanning from genetic rare diseases to viral infections, and it may have clinical implications. Selective C5a/C5aR1 blockade could have advantages over C5 inhibition because the former preserves the formation of C5b-9, which is critical for controlling bacterial infections that often develop as comorbidities in severely ill patients. The ACCESS trial registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02464891 accounts for the results related to aHUS patients treated with CCX168.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sistiana Aiello
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
| | - Sara Gastoldi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
| | - Miriam Galbusera
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
| | - Piero Ruggenenti
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Valentina Portalupi
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stefano Rota
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nadia Rubis
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
| | - Lucia Liguori
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
| | - Sara Conti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
| | - Matteo Tironi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
| | - Sara Gamba
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
| | - Donata Santarsiero
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
| | - Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
| | - Marina Noris
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy; and
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12
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Ibrahim SH. Sinusoidal endotheliopathy in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: therapeutic implications. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G67-G74. [PMID: 34037463 PMCID: PMC8321796 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00009.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are distinct subtypes of endothelial cells lining a low flow vascular bed at the interface of the liver parenchyma and the circulating immune cells and soluble factors. Emerging literature implicates LSEC in the pathogenesis and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). During the evolution of NAFLD, LSEC dysfunction ensues. LSECs undergo morphological and functional transformation known as "capillarization," as well as a pathogenic increase in surface adhesion molecules expression, referred to in this review as "endotheliopathy." LSECs govern the composition of hepatic immune cell populations in nonalcoholic steatohepatis (NASH) by mediating leukocyte subset adhesion through specific combinations of activated adhesion molecules and secreted chemokines. Moreover, extracellular vesicles released by hepatocyte under lipotoxic stress in NASH act as a catalyst for the inflammatory response and promote immune cell chemotaxis and adhesion. In the current review, we highlight leukocyte adhesion to LSEC as an initiating event in the sterile inflammatory response in NASH. We discuss preclinical studies targeting immune cells adhesion in NASH mouse models and potential therapeutic anti-inflammatory strategies for human NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H. Ibrahim
- 1Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,2Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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13
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COVID-19: imbalance of multiple systems during infection and importance of therapeutic choice and dosing of cardiac and anti-coagulant therapies. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2917-2928. [PMID: 33837899 PMCID: PMC8035598 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and its metabolites play an important role in homeostasis of body, especially the cardiovascular system. In this study, we discuss the imbalance of multiple systems during the infection and the importance of therapeutic choice, dosing, and laboratory monitoring of cardiac and anti-coagulant therapies in COVID-19 patients. The crosstalk between angiotensin, kinin-kallikrein system, as well as inflammatory and coagulation systems plays an essential role in COVID-19. Cardiac complications and coagulopathies imply the crosstalks between the mentioned systems. We believe that the blockage of bradykinin can be a good option in the management of COVID-19 and CVD in patients and that supportive treatment of respiratory and cardiologic complications is needed in COVID-19 patients. Ninety-one percent of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to hospital with a prolonged aPTT were positive for lupus anticoagulant, which increases the risk of thrombosis and prolonged aPTT. Therefore, the question that is posed at this juncture is whether it is safe to use the prophylactic dose of heparin particularly in those with elevated D-dimer levels. It should be noted that timing is of high importance in anti-coagulant therapy; therefore, we should consider the level of D-dimer, fibrinogen, drug-drug interactions, and risk factors during thromboprophylaxis administration. Fibrinogen is an independent predictor of resistance to heparin and should be considered before thromboprophylaxis. Alteplase and Futhan might be a good choice to assess the condition of heparin resistance. Finally, the treatment option, dosing, and laboratory monitoring of anticoagulant therapy are critical decisions in COVID-19 patients.
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14
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Gunawardana H, Romero T, Yao N, Heidt S, Mulder A, Elashoff DA, Valenzuela NM. Tissue-specific endothelial cell heterogeneity contributes to unequal inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1949. [PMID: 33479269 PMCID: PMC7820348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) coordinate vascular homeostasis and inflammation. In organ transplantation, EC are a direct alloimmune target. We posited that tissue specific heterogeneity of vascular EC may partly underlie the disparate organ-specific alloimmune risk. We examined the vascular endothelial response to inflammation across six primary endothelial beds from four major transplanted organs: the heart, lung, kidney and liver. First, we reanalyzed a public dataset of cardiac allograft rejection and found that endothelial inflammatory response genes were elevated in human cardiac allograft biopsies undergoing rejection compared with stable grafts. Next, the inducible inflammatory phenotypes of EC from heart, lung, kidney, and liver were characterized in vitro, focused on expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines, and recruitment of allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear immune cells. Large vessel cardiac EC most highly upregulated VCAM-1, particularly compared with hepatic EC, supported greater leukocyte adhesion and had distinct chemokine profiles after stimulation with cytokines and complement. Differentially expressed gene candidates that are known regulators of cytokine signaling and inflammatory programming were verified in publicly available datasets of organ-specific endothelial transcriptomes. In summary, differential baseline expression of immune regulating genes may contribute to differential vascular inflammatory responses depending on organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasitha Gunawardana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Room 1-520, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tahmineh Romero
- Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ning Yao
- Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Mulder
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David A Elashoff
- Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole M Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Room 1-520, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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15
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Jo WY, Oh H, Kim H, Yoon HK, Lee HC, Cho WS, Kim JE, Park HP. Preoperative platelet count may predict postoperative symptomatic cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis in moyamoya patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 199:106260. [PMID: 33031987 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelets play a critical role in the inflammatory response, accompanied by microvascular endothelial dysfunction, underlying postoperative symptomatic cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (PSCHS) after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis in moyamoya patients. We examined whether the preoperative platelet count can predict PSCHS after STA-MCA anastomosis in such patients. METHODS In 160 adult moyamoya patients undergoing 186 STA-MCA anastomoses, preoperative (demographics, initial clinical manifestation, and Suzuki grade), intraoperative (surgical time, operative side, fluid balance, and maximum and minimum mean blood pressure before and after vessel anastomosis), immediate postoperative (APACHE 2 score), and laboratory (hemoglobin and C-reactive protein levels and white blood cell and platelet counts) data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS 84 patients (90 sides, 48.4 %) developed PSCHS with a median(IQR) onset of postoperative day 1(0-3) and duration of 4(3-7) days. The preoperative (25.2[22.8-28.0] vs. 23.1[19.7-26.2] ×104/μL, p = 0.009) platelet count was significantly higher in patients with PSCHS than in those without. The preoperative platelet count (odds ratio[95 % confidence interval], 1.14[1.03-1.27], p = 0.011), operation on the dominant hemisphere (6.84 [3.26-14.36], p < 0.001), and negative fluid balance (2.41[1.04-5.59], p = 0.040) were significant independent predictors of PSCHS. The optimal cut-off value for preoperative platelet count was 22.7 ×104/μL, and PSCHS developed more frequently in cases with a preoperative platelet count ≥ 22.7 × 104/μL (2.90[1.54-5.45]; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION A high preoperative platelet count may be associated with the development of PSCHS after STA-MCA anastomosis in adult moyamoya patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Young Jo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyongmin Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heewon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyu Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Chul Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Sang Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Pyoung Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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16
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Lupu L, Palmer A, Huber-Lang M. Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Destruction: The Three-Headed Cerberus of Trauma- and SARS-CoV-2-Induced ARDS. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584514. [PMID: 33101314 PMCID: PMC7546394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical trauma can be considered an unrecognized "pandemic" because it can occur anywhere and affect anyone and represents a global burden. Following severe tissue trauma, patients frequently develop acute lung injury (ALI) and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) despite modern surgical and intensive care concepts. The underlying complex pathophysiology of life-threatening ALI/ARDS has been intensively studied in experimental and clinical settings. However, currently, the coronavirus family has become the focus of ALI/ARDS research because it represents an emerging global public health threat. The clinical presentation of the infection is highly heterogeneous, varying from a lack of symptoms to multiple organ dysfunction and mortality. In a particular subset of patients, the primary infection progresses rapidly to ALI and ARDS. The pathophysiological mechanisms triggering and driving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced ALI/ARDS are still poorly understood. Although it is also generally unknown whether insights from trauma-induced ARDS may be readily translated to SARS-CoV-2-associated ARDS, it was still recommended to treat coronavirus-positive patients with ALI/ARDS with standard protocols for ALI/ARDS. However, this strategy was questioned by clinical scientists, because it was documented that some severely hypoxic SARS-CoV-2-infected patients exhibited a normal respiratory system compliance, a phenomenon rarely observed in ARDS patients with another underlying etiology. Therefore, coronavirus-induced ARDS was defined as a specific ARDS phenotype, which accordingly requires an adjusted therapeutic approach. These suggestions reflect previous attempts of classifying ARDS into different phenotypes that might overall facilitate ARDS diagnosis and treatment. Based on the clinical data from ARDS patients, two major phenotypes have been proposed: hyper- and hypo-inflammatory. Here, we provide a comparative review of the pathophysiological pathway of trauma-/hemorrhagic shock-induced ARDS and coronavirus-induced ARDS, with an emphasis on the crucial key points in the pathogenesis of both these ARDS forms. Therefore, the manifold available data on trauma-/hemorrhagic shock-induced ARDS may help to better understand coronavirus-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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17
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Muenstermann M, Strobel L, Klos A, Wetsel RA, Woodruff TM, Köhl J, Johswich KO. Distinct roles of the anaphylatoxin receptors C3aR, C5aR1 and C5aR2 in experimental meningococcal infections. Virulence 2019; 10:677-694. [PMID: 31274379 PMCID: PMC6650196 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1640035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is pivotal in the defense against invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis (Nme, meningococcus), particularly via the membrane attack complex. Complement activation liberates the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, which activate three distinct G-protein coupled receptors, C3aR, C5aR1 and C5aR2 (anaphylatoxin receptors, ATRs). We recently discovered that C5aR1 exacerbates the course of the disease, revealing a downside of complement in Nme sepsis. Here, we compared the roles of all three ATRs during mouse nasal colonization, intraperitoneal infection and human whole blood infection with Nme. Deficiency of complement or ATRs did not alter nasal colonization, but significantly affected invasive disease: Compared to WT mice, the disease was aggravated in C3ar-/- mice, whereas C5ar1-/- and C5ar2-/- mice showed increased resistance to meningococcal sepsis. Surprisingly, deletion of either of the ATRs resulted in lower cytokine/chemokine responses, irrespective of the different susceptibilities of the mice. This was similar in ex vivo human whole blood infection using ATR inhibitors. Neutrophil responses to Nme were reduced in C5ar1-/- mouse blood. Upon stimulation with C5a plus Nme, mouse macrophages displayed reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, when C5aR1 or C5aR2 were ablated or inhibited, suggesting that both C5a-receptors prime an initial macrophage response to Nme. Finally, in vivo blockade of C5aR1 alone (PMX205) or along with C5aR2 (A8Δ71-73) resulted in ameliorated disease, whereas neither antagonizing C3aR (SB290157) nor its activation with a "super-agonist" peptide (WWGKKYRASKLGLAR) demonstrated a benefit. Thus, C5aR1 and C5aR2 augment disease pathology and are interesting targets for treatment, whereas C3aR is protective in experimental meningococcal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Muenstermann
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lea Strobel
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Klos
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rick A. Wetsel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kay O. Johswich
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Saleh J, Al-Maqbali M, Abdel-Hadi D. Role of Complement and Complement-Related Adipokines in Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Fat Storage. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1411-1429. [PMID: 31688967 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue releases many cytokines and inflammatory factors described as adipokines. In obesity, adipokines released from expanding adipose tissue are implicated in disease progression and metabolic dysfunction. However, mechanisms controlling the progression of adiposity and metabolic complications are not fully understood. It has been suggested that expanding fat mass and sustained release of inflammatory adipokines in adipose tissue lead to hypoxia, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cellular damage. These changes trigger an immune response involving infiltration of adipose tissue with immune cells, complement activation and generation of factors involved in opsonization and clearance of damaged cells. Abundant evidence now indicates that adipose tissue is an active secretory source of complement and complement-related adipokines that, in addition to their inflammatory role, contribute to the regulation of metabolic function. This article highlights advances in knowledge regarding the role of these adipokines in energy regulation of adipose tissue through modulating lipogenic and lipolytic pathways. Several adipokines will be discussed including adipsin, Factor H, properdin, C3a, Acylation-Stimulating Protein, C1q/TNF-related proteins, and response gene to complement-32 (RGC-32). Interactions between these factors will be described considering their immune-metabolic roles in the adipose tissue microenvironment and their potential contribution to progression of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. The differential expression and the role of complement factors in gender-related fat partitioning will also be addressed. Identifying lipogenic adipokines and their specific autocrine/paracrine roles may provide means for adipose-tissue-targeted therapeutic interventions that may disrupt the vicious circle of adiposity and disease progression. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1411-1429, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muna Al-Maqbali
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Complement activation product C5a plays a critical role in systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by viruses, bacteria, and toxic agents including paraquat poisoning. This study is to explore the efficiency of anti-C5a-based intervention on systemic inflammatory responses induced by paraquat poisoning. DESIGN Study of cynomolgus macaque model and plasma from paraquat-poisoning patients. SETTING Laboratory investigation. SUBJECTS Cynomolgus macaque (n = 12) and samples of plasma from patients (n = 16). INTERVENTIONS The neutralizing antihuman C5a antibody (IFX-1) was administered to investigate the new treatment strategy for paraquat-induced systemic inflammatory responses in cynomolgus macaque model. In addition, C5a activation in plasma of paraquat patients was blocked by IFX-1 to investigate the blockade role of anti-C5a antibody in activation of inflammatory cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Dysregulated complement activation and the subsequent cytokine storm were found in patients with acute lung injury and in a primate model of paraquat poisoning. Targeted inhibition of C5a by IFX-1 led to marked alleviation of systemic inflammatory responses and multiple organ damage in the primate model. In addition, blockade of C5a activity in plasma from patients completely inhibited activation of CD11b on blood granulocytes from normal donors, suggesting that IFX-1 may alleviate the excessive activation of inflammatory responses and have clinical utility for patients with acute lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Anti-C5a antibodies such as IFX-1 may be used as effective therapeutics for treatment of those suffering from systemic inflammatory responses induced by chemical poisoning like paraquat.
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20
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Tsai IJ, Lin WC, Yang YH, Tseng YL, Lin YH, Chou CH, Tsau YK. High Concentration of C5a-Induced Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis in Murine Kidney Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184465. [PMID: 31510052 PMCID: PMC6770645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with a relapse of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome have significantly increased levels of serum complement component 5a (C5a), and proteinuria has been noted in mice treated with C5a via changes in permeability of kidney endothelial cells (KECs) in established animal models. However, the apoptosis of KECs treated with high concentrations of C5a has also been observed. As mitochondrial damage is known to be important in cell apoptosis, the aim of this study was to examine the association between C5a-induced mouse KEC apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. Mouse KECs were isolated and treated with different concentrations of C5a. Cell viability assays showed that a high-concentration mouse recombinant protein C5a (rmC5a) treatment reduced mouse KEC growth. Cell cycle phase analysis, including apoptosis (sub-G1 phase) showed an increased percentage of the subG1 phase with a high-concentration rmC5a treatment. Cytochrome c and caspase 3/9 activities were significantly induced in the mouse KECs after a high-dose rmC5a (50 ng/mL) treatment, and this was rescued by pretreatment with the C5a receptor (C5aR) inhibitor (W-54011) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was detected in C5a-treated mouse KECs; however, W-54011 or NAC pretreatment inhibited high-dose rmC5a-induced ROS formation and also reduced cytochrome c release, apoptotic cell formation, and apoptotic DNA fragmentation. These factors determined the apoptosis of mouse KECs treated with high-dose C5a through C5aR and subsequently led to apoptosis via ROS regeneration and cytochrome c release. The results showed that high concentrations of C5a induced mouse KEC apoptosis via a C5aR/ROS/mitochondria-dependent pathway. These findings may shed light on the potential mechanism of glomerular sclerosis, a process in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome causing renal function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jung Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lin Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hung Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Kwei Tsau
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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21
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Liu X, Gorzelanny C, Schneider SW. Platelets in Skin Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1453. [PMID: 31333641 PMCID: PMC6620619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and small vessel vasculitis are three autoimmune diseases frequently manifested in the skin. They share common pathogenic features, including production of autoantibodies, loss of tolerance to self-antigens, tissue necrosis and fibrosis, vasculopathy and activation of the coagulation system. Platelets occupy a central part within the coagulation cascade and are well-recognized for their hemostatic role. However, recent cumulative evidence implicates their additional and multifaceted immunoregulatory functions. Platelets express immune receptors and they store growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines in their granules enabling a significant contribution to inflammation. A plethora of activating triggers such as damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from damaged endothelial cells, immune complexes, or complement effector molecules can mediate platelet activation. Activated platelets further foster an inflammatory environment and the crosstalk with the endothelium and leukocytes by the release of immunoactive molecules and microparticles. Further insight into the pathogenic implications of platelet activation will pave the way for new therapeutic strategies targeting autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the inflammatory functions of platelets and their mechanistic contribution to the pathophysiology of SSc, ANCA associated small vessel vasculitis and other autoimmune diseases affecting the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Inter-α-inhibitor Ameliorates Endothelial Inflammation in Sepsis. Lung 2019; 197:361-369. [PMID: 31028466 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular endothelial cells demonstrate severe injury in sepsis, and a reduction in endothelial inflammation would be beneficial. Inter-α-Inhibitor (IαI) is a family of abundant plasma proteins with anti-inflammatory properties and has been investigated in human and animal sepsis with encouraging results. We hypothesized that IαI may protect endothelia from sepsis-related inflammation. METHODS IαI-deficient or sufficient mice were treated with endotoxin or underwent complement-induced lung injury. VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression was measured in blood and lung as marker of endothelial activation. Human endothelia were exposed to activated complement C5a with or without IαI. Blood from human sepsis patients was examined for VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and levels were correlated with blood levels of IαI. RESULTS IαI-deficient mice showed increased endothelial activation in endotoxin/sepsis- and complement-induced lung injury models. In vitro, levels of endothelial pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell growth factors induced by activated complement C5a were significantly decreased in the presence of IαI. This effect was associated with decreased ERK and NFκB activation. IαI levels were inversely associated with VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels in a human sepsis cohort. CONCLUSIONS IαI ameliorates endothelial inflammation and may be beneficial as a treatment of sepsis.
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Wang Y, Miao Y, Gong K, Cheng X, Chen Y, Zhao MH. Plasma Complement Protein C3a Level Was Associated with Abdominal Aortic Calcification in Patients on Hemodialysis. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2019; 12:496-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-019-09885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Hwang MS, Strainic MG, Pohlmann E, Kim H, Pluskota E, Ramirez-Bergeron DL, Plow EF, Medof ME. VEGFR2 survival and mitotic signaling depends on joint activation of associated C3ar1/C5ar1 and IL-6R-gp130. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.219352. [PMID: 30765465 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified vascular endothelial cell (EC) growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) auto-phosphorylates upon VEGF-A occupation in vitro, arguing that VEGR2 confers its mitotic and viability signaling in and of itself. Herein, we show that, in ECs, VEGFR2 function requires concurrent C3a/C5a receptor (C3ar1/C5ar1) and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-gp130 co-signaling. C3ar1/C5ar1 or IL-6R blockade totally abolished VEGFR2 auto-phosphorylation, downstream Src, ERK, AKT, mTOR and STAT3 activation, and EC cell cycle entry. VEGF-A augmented production of C3a/C5a/IL-6 and their receptors via a two-step p-Tyk2/p-STAT3 process. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses, confocal microscopy, ligand pulldown and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays all indicated that the four receptors are physically interactive. Angiogenesis in murine day 5 retinas and in adult tissues was accelerated when C3ar1/C5ar1 signaling was potentiated, but repressed when it was disabled. Thus, C3ar1/C5ar1 and IL-6R-gp130 joint activation is needed to enable physiological VEGFR2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shih Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael G Strainic
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Elliot Pohlmann
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Haesuk Kim
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Elzbieta Pluskota
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - Diana L Ramirez-Bergeron
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH 44195, USA
| | - M Edward Medof
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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25
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Buelli S, Zoja C, Remuzzi G, Morigi M. Complement Activation Contributes to the Pathophysiology of Shiga Toxin-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7010015. [PMID: 30634669 PMCID: PMC6352217 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections have become a threat to public health globally because of the severe illnesses that they can trigger, such as hemorrhagic colitis and the post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney failure. Glomerular endothelial cells are primary targets of Stx which, after binding to its specific receptor globotriaosylceramide, upregulates proinflammatory proteins involved both in the recruitment and adhesion of leukocytes and thrombus formation at the site of endothelial injury. In this review, we discuss the role of complement activation in promoting glomerular microvascular dysfunction, providing evidence from experimental models and patients with STEC-HUS. Within the glomerulus, an important target for Stx-induced complement activation is the podocyte, a cell type that is in close contact with endothelial cells and participates in maintaining the filtration barrier. Recently, podocyte injury and loss have been indicated as potential risk factors for long-term renal sequelae in patients with STEC-HUS. Therapeutic approaches targeting the complement system, that may be useful options for patients with STEC-HUS, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Buelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Carlamaria Zoja
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
- L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marina Morigi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
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26
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Angiotensin II induced CSF1 transcription is mediated by a crosstalk between different epigenetic factors in vascular endothelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1862:1-11. [PMID: 30317027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium-derived colony stimulating factor (CSF1) plays a key role in a range of human pathologies. Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been documented to stimulate CSF1 transcription although the underlying epigenetic mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that induction of CSF1 transcription by Ang II in vascular endothelial cells paralleled alterations of signature histone modifications surrounding the CSF1 promoter. Specifically, ChIP assays indicated that there was a simultaneous up-regulation of both acetylated H3 and trimethylated H3K4, indicative of transcriptional activation, and down-regulation of dimethyl H3K9, implicated in transcriptional repression, surrounding the proximal CSF1 promoter. Further analysis revealed that silencing of brahma related gene 1 (BRG1), a chromatin remodeling protein, abrogated CSF1 induction by Ang II. In the meantime, BRG1 silencing erased H3 acetylation and H3K4 trimethylation and restored H3K9 dimethylation. Mechanistically, BRG1 interacted with and recruited SET1A, a histone H3K4 methyltransferase, and JMJD1A, a histone H3K9 demethylase, to the CSF1 promoter to alter chromatin structure thereby promoting CSF1 trans-activation in response to Ang II stimulation. Knockdown of either SET1A or JMJD1A blocked CSF1 induction by Ang II. Finally, we demonstrate that the crosstalk between BRG1 and histone modifying enzymes was mediated by the transcription factor AP-1. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel epigenetic mechanism whereby a BRG1-centered complex mediates transcriptional activation of CSF1 by Ang II in vascular endothelial cells.
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27
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Konradt C, Hunter CA. Pathogen interactions with endothelial cells and the induction of innate and adaptive immunity. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1607-1620. [PMID: 30160302 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are over 10 trillion endothelial cells (EC) that line the vasculature of the human body. These cells not only have specialized functions in the maintenance of homeostasis within the circulation and various tissues but they also have a major role in immune function. EC also represent an important replicative niche for a subset of viral, bacterial, and parasitic organisms that are present in the blood or lymph; however, there are major gaps in our knowledge regarding how pathogens interact with EC and how this influences disease outcome. In this article, we review the literature on EC-pathogen interactions and their role in innate and adaptive mechanisms of resistance to infection and highlight opportunities to address prominent knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Konradt
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Song N, Li P, Jiang Y, Sun H, Cui J, Zhao G, Li D, Guo Y, Chen Y, Gao J, Sun S, Zhou Y. C5a receptor1 inhibition alleviates influenza virus-induced acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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Bareke H, Akbuga J. Complement system's role in cancer and its therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12672. [PMID: 29734524 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a strong candidate for the long-awaited new edition to standard cancer therapies. For an effective immunotherapy, it is imperative to delineate the players of antitumour immune response. As an important innate immune system effector mechanism, complement is highly likely to play a substantial role in cancer immunity. Studies suggest that there may be two different "states of complement" that show opposing effects on cancer cells; a complement profile that has antitumour effects with low expression of membrane-bound complement regulator proteins (mCRPs), lytic membrane attack complex (MAC) concentration and moderate C5a concentration, and a complement profile that has protumour effects with high expression of mCRPs, sublytic MAC and high concentrations of C5a. One of the cancers that urgently require innovative therapeutic approaches is ovarian cancer, and complement has a potential to be a good target for this purpose. A combinatorial approach where the complement cascade is fine-tuned by inhibiting some of its activities while promoting the others can prove to be a fruitful approach. Herein, we will briefly discuss the cancer-immune system interaction and then present a discussion of complement system's role in tumour immunity and its therapeutic potential for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bareke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - J Akbuga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia, North Cyprus, Turkey
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30
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Giang J, Seelen MAJ, van Doorn MBA, Rissmann R, Prens EP, Damman J. Complement Activation in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:639. [PMID: 29713318 PMCID: PMC5911619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a fundamental part of the innate immune system, playing a crucial role in host defense against various pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Activation of complement results in production of several molecules mediating chemotaxis, opsonization, and mast cell degranulation, which can contribute to the elimination of pathogenic organisms and inflammation. Furthermore, the complement system also has regulating properties in inflammatory and immune responses. Complement activity in diseases is rather complex and may involve both aberrant expression of complement and genetic deficiencies of complement components or regulators. The skin represents an active immune organ with complex interactions between cellular components and various mediators. Complement involvement has been associated with several skin diseases, such as psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, cutaneous vasculitis, urticaria, and bullous dermatoses. Several triggers including auto-antibodies and micro-organisms can activate complement, while on the other hand complement deficiencies can contribute to impaired immune complex clearance, leading to disease. This review provides an overview of the role of complement in inflammatory skin diseases and discusses complement factors as potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Giang
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc A J Seelen
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Damman
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Jo DH, Kim JH, Yang W, Kim H, Chang S, Kim D, Chang M, Lee K, Chung J, Kim JH. Anti-complement component 5 antibody targeting MG4 domain inhibits choroidal neovascularization. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45506-45516. [PMID: 28477014 PMCID: PMC5542204 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of visual impairment in adults. Visual deterioration is more prominent in neovascular AMD with choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Clinical and postmortem studies suggested that complement system activation might induce CNV. In this study, we demonstrated that an anti-mouse complement component 5 (C5) antibody targeting MG4 domain of β chain effectively inhibited CNV which was induced by laser photocoagulation in mice. The targeted epitope of this anti-C5 antibody was different from that of currently utilized anti-C5 antibody (eculizumab) in the MG7 domain in which a single nucleotide polymorphism (R885H/C) results in poor response to eculizumab. Even with targeting MG4 domain, this anti-C5 antibody reduced production of C5a, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor to prevent infiltration of F4/80-positive cells into CNV lesions and formation of CNV. Furthermore, anti-C5 antibody targeting MG4 domain induced no definite toxicity in normal retina. These results demonstrated that anti-C5 antibody targeting MG4 domain inhibited CNV in neovascular AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Jo
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinjae Chang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion, Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjo Kim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion, Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Chang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Celltrion, Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Protein Metabolism, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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Alelign T, Ahmed MM, Bobosha K, Tadesse Y, Howe R, Petros B. Kidney Transplantation: The Challenge of Human Leukocyte Antigen and Its Therapeutic Strategies. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5986740. [PMID: 29693023 PMCID: PMC5859822 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5986740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation remains the treatment of choice for end-stage renal failure. When the immune system of the recipient recognizes the transplanted kidney as a foreign object, graft rejection occurs. As part of the host immune defense mechanism, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a major challenge for graft rejection in transplantation therapy. The impact of HLA mismatches between the donor and the potential recipient prolongs the time for renal transplantation therapy, tethered to dialysis, latter reduces graft survival, and increases mortality. The formation of pretransplant alloantibodies against HLA class I and II molecules can be sensitized through exposures to blood transfusions, prior transplants, and pregnancy. These preformed HLA antibodies are associated with rejection in kidney transplantation. On the other hand, the development of de novo antibodies may increase the risk for acute and chronic rejections. Allograft rejection results from a complex interplay involving both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Thus, further insights into the mechanisms of tissue rejection and the risk of HLA sensitization is crucial in developing new therapies that may blunt the immune system against transplanted organs. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to highlight facts about HLA and its sensitization, various mechanisms of allograft rejection, the current immunosuppressive approaches, and the directions for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Alelign
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Momina M. Ahmed
- St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College and Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kidist Bobosha
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yewondwossen Tadesse
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Beyene Petros
- College of Natural Sciences, Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Freeley S, Kemper C, Le Friec G. The "ins and outs" of complement-driven immune responses. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:16-32. [PMID: 27782335 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complement system represents an evolutionary old and critical component of innate immunity where it forms the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Originally described as a heat-labile fraction of the serum responsible for the opsonization and subsequent lytic killing of bacteria, work over the last century firmly established complement as a key mediator of the general inflammatory response but also as an acknowledged vital bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. However, recent studies particularly spanning the last decade have provided new insights into the novel modes and locations of complement activation and highlighted unexpected additional biological functions for this ancient system, for example, in regulating basic processes of the cell. In this review, we will cover the current knowledge about complement's established and novel roles in innate and adaptive immunity with a focus on the functional differences between serum circulating and intracellularly active complement and will describe and discuss the newly discovered cross-talks of complement with other cell effector systems particularly during T-cell induction and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Freeley
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK. .,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Gaëlle Le Friec
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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34
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Roumenina LT, Rayes J, Frimat M, Fremeaux-Bacchi V. Endothelial cells: source, barrier, and target of defensive mediators. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:307-329. [PMID: 27782324 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium is strategically located at the interface between blood and interstitial tissues, placing thus endothelial cell as a key player in vascular homeostasis. Endothelial cells are in a dynamic equilibrium with their environment and constitute concomitantly a source, a barrier, and a target of defensive mediators. This review will discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the complex crosstalk between the endothelium, the complement system and the hemostasis in health and in disease. The first part will provide a general introduction on endothelial cells heterogeneity and on the physiologic role of the complement and hemostatic systems. The second part will analyze the interplay between complement, hemostasis and endothelial cells in physiological conditions and their alterations in diseases. Particular focus will be made on the prototypes of thrombotic microangiopathic disorders, resulting from complement or hemostasis dysregulation-mediated endothelial damage: atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Novel aspects of the pathophysiology of the thrombotic microangiopathies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris-6) and Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marie Frimat
- INSERM UMR 995, Lille, France.,Nephrology Department, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris-6) and Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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35
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Facciabene A, De Sanctis F, Pierini S, Reis ES, Balint K, Facciponte J, Rueter J, Kagabu M, Magotti P, Lanitis E, DeAngelis RA, Buckanovich RJ, Song WC, Lambris JD, Coukos G. Local endothelial complement activation reverses endothelial quiescence, enabling t-cell homing, and tumor control during t-cell immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1326442. [PMID: 28932632 PMCID: PMC5599081 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1326442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy relies upon the ability of T cells to infiltrate tumors. The endothelium constitutes a barrier between the tumor and effector T cells, and the ability to manipulate local vascular permeability could be translated into effective immunotherapy. Here, we show that in the context of adoptive T cell therapy, antitumor T cells, delivered at high enough doses, can overcome the endothelial barrier and infiltrate tumors, a process that requires local production of C3, complement activation on tumor endothelium and release of C5a. C5a, in turn, acts on endothelial cells promoting the upregulation of adhesion molecules and T-cell homing. Genetic deletion of C3 or the C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1), and pharmacological blockade of C5aR1, impaired the ability of T cells to overcome the endothelial barrier, infiltrate tumors, and control tumor progression in vivo, while genetic chimera mice demonstrated that C3 and C5aR1 expression by tumor stroma, and not leukocytes, governs T cell homing, acting on the local endothelium. In vitro, endothelial C3 and C5a expressions were required for endothelial activation by type 1 cytokines. Our data indicate that effective immunotherapy is a consequence of successful homing of T cells in response to local complement activation, which disrupts the tumor endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Facciabene
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Pierini
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Klara Balint
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Facciponte
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jens Rueter
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Masahiro Kagabu
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paola Magotti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evripidis Lanitis
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert A DeAngelis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Internal Medicine Division of Hematology Oncology Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Wenchao C Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Frangogiannis NG. Editor’s Choice- Activation of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of acute heart failure. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2017; 7:358-361. [DOI: 10.1177/2048872617707456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Miyabe Y, Miyabe C, Murooka TT, Kim EY, Newton GA, Kim ND, Haribabu B, Luscinskas FW, Mempel TR, Luster AD. Complement C5a Receptor is the Key Initiator of Neutrophil Adhesion Igniting Immune Complex-induced Arthritis. Sci Immunol 2017; 2. [PMID: 28529998 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaj2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of immune complexes (IC) in tissues induces a "type III hypersensitivity" that results in tissue damage and underlies the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. The neutrophil is the first immune cell recruited into sites of IC deposition and plays a critical role in shaping the overall tissue response. However, the mechanism by which IC initiate and propagate neutrophil infiltration into tissue is not known. Here, using intravital multiphoton joint imaging of IC-induced arthritis in live mice, we found that the complement C5a receptor (C5aR) was the key initiator of neutrophil adhesion on joint endothelium. C5a presented on joint endothelium induced β2 integrin-dependent neutrophil arrest, facilitating neutrophil spreading and transition to crawling, and subsequent leukotriene B4 receptor (BLT1)-mediated extravasation of the first neutrophils. The chemokine receptor CCR1 promoted neutrophil crawling on the joint endothelium while CXCR2 amplified late neutrophil recruitment and survival once in the joint. Thus, imaging arthritis has defined a new paradigm for type III hypersensitivity where C5a directly initiates neutrophil adhesion on the joint endothelium igniting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshishige Miyabe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chie Miyabe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward Y Kim
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gail A Newton
- Vascular Research Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy D Kim
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Francis W Luscinskas
- Vascular Research Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abou-El-Hassan H, Zaraket H. Viral-derived complement inhibitors: current status and potential role in immunomodulation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:397-410. [PMID: 27798122 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216675772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is one of the body's major innate immune defense mechanisms in vertebrates. Its function is to detect foreign bodies and promote their elimination through opsonisation or lysis. Complement proteins play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of several disorders. However, excessive complement activation does not confer more protection but instead leads to several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. With inappropriate activation of the complement system, activated complement proteins and glycoproteins may damage both healthy and diseased tissues. Development of complement inhibitors represents an effective approach in controlling dysregulated complement activity and reducing disease severity, yet few studies have investigated the nature and role of novel complement inhibitory proteins of viral origin. Viral complement inhibitors have important implications in understanding the importance of complement inhibition and their role as a promising novel therapeutic approach in diseases caused by dysregulated complement function. In this review, we discuss the role and importance of complement inhibitors derived from several viruses in the scope of human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,2 Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- 2 Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,3 Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Lunding L, Schröder A, Wegmann M. Allergic airway inflammation: unravelling the relationship between IL-37, IL-18Rα and Tir8/SIGIRR. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:739-50. [PMID: 26561030 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of allergic bronchial asthma arise from chronic airway inflammation. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms regulating the maintenance of this chronic inflammatory response is key to understanding asthma pathogenesis. To date, it is not clear whether a predominance of proinflammatory factors or a reduced capacity of counterbalancing anti-inflammatory mediators is the pivotal factor predisposing individuals towards asthma development. The IL-1 cytokine family and its receptor systems comprise a variety of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-18 and anti-inflammatory molecules such as the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor 8/single Ig IL-1 receptor (IL-R)-related molecule (Tir8/SIGIRR) and the recently established cytokine IL-37. This article reviews the functions of these IL-1 cytokine family members in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation and asthma as they have been assessed clinically, in vitro and in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lunding
- a Division of Asthma Mouse Models, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North , Member of the German Center for Lung Research , Borstel , Germany
| | - Alexandra Schröder
- a Division of Asthma Mouse Models, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North , Member of the German Center for Lung Research , Borstel , Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- a Division of Asthma Mouse Models, Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North , Member of the German Center for Lung Research , Borstel , Germany
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40
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Schraufstatter IU, Khaldoyanidi SK, DiScipio RG. Complement activation in the context of stem cells and tissue repair. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1090-1108. [PMID: 26435769 PMCID: PMC4591784 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i8.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement pathway is best known for its role in immune surveillance and inflammation. However, its ability of opsonizing and removing not only pathogens, but also necrotic and apoptotic cells, is a phylogenetically ancient means of initiating tissue repair. The means and mechanisms of complement-mediated tissue repair are discussed in this review. There is increasing evidence that complement activation contributes to tissue repair at several levels. These range from the chemo-attraction of stem and progenitor cells to areas of complement activation, to increased survival of various cell types in the presence of split products of complement, and to the production of trophic factors by cells activated by the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. This repair aspect of complement biology has not found sufficient appreciation until recently. The following will examine this aspect of complement biology with an emphasis on the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a.
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Thomas KA, Valenzuela NM, Gjertson D, Mulder A, Fishbein MC, Parry GC, Panicker S, Reed EF. An Anti-C1s Monoclonal, TNT003, Inhibits Complement Activation Induced by Antibodies Against HLA. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2037-49. [PMID: 25904443 PMCID: PMC4654252 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) of solid organ transplants (SOT) is characterized by damage triggered by donor-specific antibodies (DSA) binding donor Class I and II HLA (HLA-I and HLA-II) expressed on endothelial cells. While F(ab')2 portions of DSA cause cellular activation and proliferation, Fc regions activate the classical complement cascade, resulting in complement deposition and leukocyte recruitment, both hallmark features of AMR. We characterized the ability of an anti-C1s monoclonal antibody, TNT003, to inhibit HLA antibody (HLA-Ab)-induced complement activation. Complement deposition induced by HLA-Ab was evaluated using novel cell- and bead-based assays. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were cultured with HLA-Ab and human complement; production of activated complement proteins was measured by flow cytometry. Additionally, C3d deposition was measured on single antigen beads (SAB) mixed with HLA-Ab and human complement. TNT003 inhibited HLA-Ab mediated complement deposition on HAEC in a concentration-dependent manner; C3a, C4a and C5a anaphylatoxin production was also diminished by TNT003. Finally, TNT003 blocked C3d deposition induced by Class I (HLAI-Ab)- and Class II (HLAII-Ab)-specific antibodies on SAB. These data suggest TNT003 may be useful for modulating the effects of DSA, as TNT003 inhibits complement deposition and split product formation generated by HLA-I/II-Ab in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA
| | - N M Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA
| | - D Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA
| | - A Mulder
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, the Netherlands
| | - M C Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA
| | - G C Parry
- True North Therapeutics, Inc.South San Francisco, CA
| | - S Panicker
- True North Therapeutics, Inc.South San Francisco, CA
| | - E F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA,*Corresponding author: Elaine F. Reed,
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Abe T, Ishii D, Gorbacheva V, Kohei N, Tsuda H, Tanaka T, Dvorina N, Nonomura N, Takahara S, Valujskikh A, Baldwin WM, Fairchild RL. Anti-huCD20 antibody therapy for antibody-mediated rejection of renal allografts in a mouse model. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1192-204. [PMID: 25731734 PMCID: PMC5021301 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have reported that B6.CCR5(-/-) mice reject renal allografts with high serum donor-specific antibody (DSA) titers and marked C4d deposition in grafts, features consistent with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). B6.huCD20/CCR5(-/-) mice, where human CD20 expression is restricted to B cells, rejected A/J renal allografts by day 26 posttransplant with DSA first detected in serum on day 5 posttransplant and increased thereafter. Recipient treatment with anti-huCD20 mAb prior to the transplant and weekly up to 7 weeks posttransplant promoted long-term allograft survival (>100 days) with low DSA titers. To investigate the effect of B cell depletion at the time serum DSA was first detected, recipients were treated with anti-huCD20 mAb on days 5, 8, and 12 posttransplant. This regimen significantly reduced DSA titers and graft inflammation on day 15 posttransplant and prolonged allograft survival >60 days. However, DSA returned to the titers observed in control treated recipients by day 30 posttransplant and histological analyses on day 60 posttransplant indicated severe interstitial fibrosis. These results indicate that anti-huCD20 mAb had the greatest effect as a prophylactic treatment and that the distinct kinetics of DSA responses accounts for acute renal allograft failure versus the development of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyofumi Abe
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Urology, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Kohei
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Hidetoshi Tsuda
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Nina Dvorina
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Eculizumab reduces complement activation, inflammation, endothelial damage, thrombosis, and renal injury markers in aHUS. Blood 2015; 125:3253-62. [PMID: 25833956 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-600411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a genetic, life-threatening disease characterized by uncontrolled complement activation, systemic thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), and vital organ damage. We evaluated the effect of terminal complement blockade with the anti-C5 monoclonal antibody eculizumab on biomarkers of cellular processes involved in TMA in patients with aHUS longitudinally, during up to 1 year of treatment, compared with in healthy volunteers. Biomarker levels were elevated at baseline in most patients, regardless of mutational status, plasma exchange/infusion use, platelet count, or lactate dehydrogenase or haptoglobin levels. Eculizumab reduced terminal complement activation (C5a and sC5b-9) and renal injury markers (clusterin, cystatin-C, β2-microglobulin, and liver fatty acid binding protein-1) to healthy volunteer levels and reduced inflammation (soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1), coagulation (prothrombin fragment F1+2 and d-dimer), and endothelial damage (thrombomodulin) markers to near-normal levels. Alternative pathway activation (Ba) and endothelial activation markers (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) decreased but remained elevated, reflecting ongoing complement activation in aHUS despite complete terminal complement blockade. These results highlight links between terminal complement activation and inflammation, endothelial damage, thrombosis, and renal injury and underscore ongoing risk for systemic TMA and progression to organ damage. Further research regarding underlying complement dysregulation is warranted. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01194973.
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The interaction between circulating complement proteins and cutaneous microvascular endothelial cells in the development of childhood Henoch-Schönlein Purpura. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120411. [PMID: 25760949 PMCID: PMC4356510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In addition to IgA, the deposition of complement (C)3 in dermal vessels is commonly found in Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of circulating complement proteins in the pathogenesis of childhood HSP. Methods Plasma levels of C3a, C4a, C5a, and Bb in 30 HSP patients and 30 healthy controls were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of C3a receptor (C3aR), C5a receptor (CD88), E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), C3, C5, interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and RANTES by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-d) was evaluated either by flow cytometry or by ELISA. Results At the acute stage, HSP patients had higher plasma levels of C3a (359.5 ± 115.3 vs. 183.3 ± 94.1 ng/ml, p < 0.0001), C5a (181.4 ± 86.1 vs. 33.7 ± 26.3 ng/ml, p < 0.0001), and Bb (3.7 ± 2.6 vs. 1.0 ± 0.6 μg/ml, p < 0.0001), but not C4a than healthy controls. Although HSP patient-derived acute phase plasma did not alter the presentation of C3aR and CD88 on HMVEC-d, it enhanced the production of endothelial C3 and C5. Moreover, C5a was shown in vitro to up-regulate the expression of IL-8, MCP-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 by HMVEC-d with a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion In HSP, the activation of the complement system in part through the alternative pathway may have resulted in increased plasma levels of C3a and C5a, which, especially C5a, may play a role in the disease pathogenesis by activating endothelium of cutaneous small vessels.
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Liao TD, Nakagawa P, Janic B, D'Ambrosio M, Worou ME, Peterson EL, Rhaleb NE, Yang XP, Carretero OA. N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline: mechanisms of renal protection in mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F1146-54. [PMID: 25740596 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00039.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the development of auto antibodies against a variety of self-antigens and deposition of immune complexes that lead to inflammation, fibrosis, and end-organ damage. Up to 60% of lupus patients develop nephritis and renal dysfunction leading to kidney failure. N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline, i.e., Ac-SDKP, is a natural tetrapeptide that in hypertension prevents inflammation and fibrosis in heart, kidney, and vasculature. In experimental autoimmune myocarditis, Ac-SDKP prevents cardiac dysfunction by decreasing innate and adaptive immunity. It has also been reported that Ac-SDKP ameliorates lupus nephritis in mice. We hypothesize that Ac-SDKP prevents lupus nephritis in mice by decreasing complement C5-9, proinflammatory cytokines, and immune cell infiltration. Lupus mice treated with Ac-SDKP for 20 wk had significantly lower renal levels of macrophage and T cell infiltration and proinflammatory chemokine/cytokines. In addition, our data demonstrate for the first time that in lupus mouse Ac-SDKP prevented the increase in complement C5-9, RANTES, MCP-5, and ICAM-1 kidney expression and it prevented the decline of glomerular filtration rate. Ac-SDKP-treated lupus mice had a significant improvement in renal function and lower levels of glomerular damage. Ac-SDKP had no effect on the production of autoantibodies. The protective Ac-SDKP effect is most likely achieved by targeting the expression of proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines, ICAM-1, and immune cell infiltration in the kidney, either directly or via C5-9 proinflammatory arm of complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Dong Liao
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Branislava Janic
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Martin D'Ambrosio
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Morel E Worou
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Edward L Peterson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Nour-Eddine Rhaleb
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Xiao-Ping Yang
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Oscar A Carretero
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; and
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Chen X, Cheng Z, Zhang S, Werling D, Wathes DC. Combining Genome Wide Association Studies and Differential Gene Expression Data Analyses Identifies Candidate Genes Affecting Mastitis Caused by Two Different Pathogens in the Dairy Cow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2015.54040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Eadon MT, Jacob A, Cunningham PN, Quigg RJ, Garcia JGN, Alexander JJ. Transcriptional profiling reveals that C5a alters microRNA in brain endothelial cells. Immunology 2014; 143:363-73. [PMID: 24801999 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disturbance is a crucial occurrence in many neurological diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our previous studies showed that experimental lupus serum altered the integrity of the mouse brain endothelial layer, an important constituent of the BBB. Complement activation occurs in lupus with increased circulating complement components. Using a genomics approach, we identified the microRNA (miRNA) altered in mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd3) by lupus serum and the complement protein, C5a. Of the 318 miRNA evaluated, 23 miRNAs were altered by lupus serum and 32 were altered by C5a alone compared with controls. Seven miRNAs (P < 0 · 05) were differentially expressed by both treatments: mmu-miR-133a*, mmu-miR-193*, mmu-miR-26b, mmu-miR-28*, mmu-miR-320a, mmu-miR-423-3p and mmu-miR-509-5p. The microarray results were validated by quantitative RT-PCR. In line with the in vitro results, expression of miR-26b and miR-28* were also significantly up-regulated in lupus mouse brain which was reduced by C5a receptor inhibition. Target prediction analysis revealed miR gene targets encoding components involved in inflammation, matrix arrangement, and apoptosis, pathways known to play important roles in central nervous system lupus. Our findings suggest that the miRNAs reported in this study may represent novel therapeutic targets in central nervous system lupus and other similar neuroinflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Role of C5a-C5aR axis in the development of atherosclerosis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:790-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abe T, Su CA, Iida S, Baldwin WM, Nonomura N, Takahara S, Fairchild RL. Graft-derived CCL2 increases graft injury during antibody-mediated rejection of cardiac allografts. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1753-64. [PMID: 25040187 PMCID: PMC4464804 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic role of macrophages in antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) remains unclear. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a potent chemotactic factor for monocytes and macrophages. The current studies used a murine model of AMR to investigate the role of graft-derived CCL2 in AMR and how macrophages may participate in antibody-mediated allograft injury. B6.CCR5−/−/CD8−/− recipients rejected MHC-mismatched WT A/J allografts with high donor-reactive antibody titers and diffuse C4d deposition in the large vessels and myocardial capillaries, features consistent with AMR. In contrast, A/J.CCL2−/− allografts induced low donor-reactive antibody titers and C4d deposition at Day 7 posttransplant. Decreased donor-reactive CD4 T cells producing interferon gamma were induced in response to A/J.CCL2−/− versus WT allografts. Consequently, A/J.CCL2−/− allograft survival was modestly but significantly longer than A/J allografts. Macrophages purified from WT allografts expressed high levels of IL-1β and IL-12p40 and this expression and the numbers of classically activated macrophages were markedly reduced in CCL2-deficient allografts on Day 7. The results indicate that allograft-derived CCL2 plays an important role in directing classically activated macrophages into allografts during AMR and that macrophages are important contributors to the inflammatory environment mediating graft tissue injury in this pathology, suggesting CCL2 as a therapeutic target for AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyofumi Abe
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Charles A. Su
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Shoichi Iida
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Nymo S, Niyonzima N, Espevik T, Mollnes TE. Cholesterol crystal-induced endothelial cell activation is complement-dependent and mediated by TNF. Immunobiology 2014; 219:786-92. [PMID: 25053140 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol crystals are known to be a hallmark of atherosclerosis with recent studies demonstrating deposition of these crystals in early fatty streak formation as well as penetrating the intima following plaque rupture. Inflammation has also become a central focus in atheroma development and endothelial cell activation is recognized as necessary for the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the plaque. However, the extent to which cholesterol crystals can induce inflammation and activate endothelial cells is not known. To investigate this, we developed a novel model activating human umbilical vein endothelial cells using lepirudin anticoagulated human whole blood. We found that cholesterol crystals caused a marked and dose-dependent increase in the adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1 on the surface of the endothelial cells after incubation with whole blood. There was no activation of the cells when the crystals were incubated in medium alone, or in human serum, despite substantial crystal-induced complement activation in serum. Complement inhibitors at the C3 and C5 levels reduced the whole blood induced endothelial cell activation by up to 89% (p<0.05) and abolished TNF release (p<0.01). Finally, the TNF inhibitor infliximab reduced endothelial activation to background levels (p<0.05). In conclusion, these data demonstrate that endothelial activation by cholesterol crystals is mediated by complement-dependent TNF release, and suggests that complement-inhibition might have a role in alleviating atherosclerosis-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stig Nymo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Nathalie Niyonzima
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen IRC, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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