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Matsuo T, Yamamoto S, Matsuo K. Phospholipid-induced secondary structural changes of lysozyme polymorphic amyloid fibrils studied using vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18943-18952. [PMID: 38952218 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00965g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The hallmark of amyloidosis, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, is the deposition of amyloid fibrils in various internal organs. The onset of the disease is related to the strength of cytotoxicity caused by toxic amyloid species. Furthermore, amyloid fibrils show polymorphism, where some types of fibrils are cytotoxic while others are not. It is thus essential to understand the molecular mechanism of cytotoxicity, part of which is caused by the interaction between amyloid polymorphic fibrils and cell membranes. Here, using amyloid polymorphs of hen egg white lysozyme, which is associated with hereditary systemic amyloidosis, showing different levels of cytotoxicity and liposomes of DMPC and DMPG, changes in the secondary structure of the polymorphs and the structural state of phospholipid membranes caused by the interaction were investigated using vacuum-ultraviolet circular dichroism (VUVCD) and Laurdan fluorescence measurements, respectively. Analysis has shown that the more cytotoxic polymorph increases the antiparallel β-sheet content and causes more disorder in the membrane structure while the other less cytotoxic polymorph shows the opposite structural changes and causes less structural disorder in the membrane. These results suggest a close correlation between the structural properties of amyloid fibrils and the degree of structural disorder of phospholipid membranes, both of which are involved in the fundamental process leading to amyloid cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhito Matsuo
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Seigi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Oncology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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2
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Goettemoeller AM, Banks E, Kumar P, Olah VJ, McCann KE, South K, Ramelow CC, Eaton A, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Weinshenker D, Rangaraju S, Rowan MJ. Entorhinal cortex vulnerability to human APP expression promotes hyperexcitability and tau pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.06.565629. [PMID: 39005389 PMCID: PMC11244896 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.565629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Preventative treatment for Alzheimer's Disease is of dire importance, and yet, cellular mechanisms underlying early regional vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease remain unknown. In human patients with Alzheimer's Disease, one of the earliest observed pathophysiological correlates to cognitive decline is hyperexcitability. In mouse models, early hyperexcitability has been shown in the entorhinal cortex, the first cortical region impacted by Alzheimer's Disease. The origin of hyperexcitability in early-stage disease and why it preferentially emerges in specific regions is unclear. Using cortical-region and cell-type-specific proteomics coupled with ex vivo and in vivo electrophysiology, we uncovered differential susceptibility to human-specific amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) in a model of sporadic Alzheimer's. Unexpectedly, our findings reveal that early entorhinal hyperexcitability may result from intrinsic vulnerability of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, rather than the suspected layer II excitatory neurons. This vulnerability of entorhinal PV interneurons is specific to hAPP, as it could not be recapitulated with increased murine APP expression. However, partial replication of the findings could be seen after introduction of a murine APP chimera containing a humanized amyloid-beta sequence. Surprisingly, neurons in the Somatosensory Cortex showed no such vulnerability to adult-onset hAPP expression. hAPP-induced hyperexcitability in entorhinal cortex could be ameliorated by enhancing PV interneuron excitability in vivo. Co-expression of human Tau with hAPP decreased circuit hyperexcitability, but at the expense of increased pathological tau species. This study suggests early disease interventions targeting non-excitatory cell types may protect regions with early vulnerability to pathological symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease and downstream cognitive decline.
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3
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Loeffler DA. Approaches for Increasing Cerebral Efflux of Amyloid-β in Experimental Systems. J Alzheimers Dis 2024:JAD240212. [PMID: 38875041 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid protein-β (Aβ) concentrations are increased in the brain in both early onset and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). In early onset AD, cerebral Aβ production is increased and its clearance is decreased, while increased Aβ burden in late onset AD is due to impaired clearance. Aβ has been the focus of AD therapeutics since development of the amyloid hypothesis, but efforts to slow AD progression by lowering brain Aβ failed until phase 3 trials with the monoclonal antibodies lecanemab and donanemab. In addition to promoting phagocytic clearance of Aβ, antibodies lower cerebral Aβ by efflux of Aβ-antibody complexes across the capillary endothelia, dissolving Aβ aggregates, and a "peripheral sink" mechanism. Although the blood-brain barrier is the main route by which soluble Aβ leaves the brain (facilitated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1), Aβ can also be removed via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, glymphatic drainage, and intramural periarterial drainage. This review discusses experimental approaches to increase cerebral Aβ efflux via these mechanisms, clinical applications of these approaches, and findings in clinical trials with these approaches in patients with AD or mild cognitive impairment. Based on negative findings in clinical trials with previous approaches targeting monomeric Aβ, increasing the cerebral efflux of soluble Aβ is unlikely to slow AD progression if used as monotherapy. But if used as an adjunct to treatment with lecanemab or donanemab, this approach might allow greater slowing of AD progression than treatment with either antibody alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Loeffler
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Park Y, KC N, Paneque A, Cole PD. Tau, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, and Neurofilament Light Chain as Brain Protein Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood for Diagnosis of Neurobiological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6295. [PMID: 38928000 PMCID: PMC11204270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological damage is the pathological substrate of permanent disability in various neurodegenerative disorders. Early detection of this damage, including its identification and quantification, is critical to preventing the disease's progression in the brain. Tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL), as brain protein biomarkers, have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, disease monitoring, prognostic assessment, and treatment efficacy. These biomarkers are released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood proportionally to the degree of neuron and astrocyte damage in different neurological disorders, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Here, we review how Tau, GFAP, and NfL biomarkers are detected in CSF and blood as crucial diagnostic tools, as well as the levels of these biomarkers used for differentiating a range of neurological diseases and monitoring disease progression. We also discuss a biosensor approach that allows for the real-time detection of multiple biomarkers in various neurodegenerative diseases. This combined detection system of brain protein biomarkers holds significant promise for developing more specific and accurate clinical tools that can identify the type and stage of human neurological diseases with greater precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkyu Park
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (N.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Nirajan KC
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (N.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Alysta Paneque
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (N.K.); (A.P.)
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Peter D. Cole
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (N.K.); (A.P.)
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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5
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Lozupone M, Dibello V, Sardone R, Castellana F, Zupo R, Lampignano L, Bortone I, Stallone R, Altamura M, Bellomo A, Daniele A, Solfrizzi V, Panza F. Lessons learned from the failure of solanezumab as a prospective treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:639-647. [PMID: 38685682 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2348142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decade, the efforts conducted for discovering Alzheimer's Disease (AD) treatments targeting the best-known pathogenic factors [amyloid-β (Aβ), tau protein, and neuroinflammation] were mostly unsuccessful. Given that a systemic failure of Aβ clearance was supposed to primarily contribute to AD development and progression, disease-modifying therapies with anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies (e.g. solanezumab, bapineuzumab, gantenerumab, aducanumab, lecanemab and donanemab) are ongoing in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with contrasting results. AREAS COVERED The present Drug Discovery Case History analyzes the failures of RCTs of solanezumab on AD. Furthermore, the authors review the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability effect of solanezumab from preclinical studies with its analogous m266 in mice. Finally, they describe the RCTs with cognitive, cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging findings in mild-to-moderate AD (EXPEDITION studies) and in secondary prevention studies (A4 and DIAN-TU). EXPERT OPINION Solanezumab was one of the first anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies to be tested in preclinical and clinical AD showing to reduce brain Aβ level by acting on soluble monomeric form of Aβ peptide without significant results on deposits. Unfortunately, this compound showed to accelerate cognitive decline in both asymptomatic and symptomatic trial participants, and this failure of solanezumab further questioned the Aβ cascade hypothesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madia Lozupone
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience "DiBraiN", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Dibello
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- Unit of Statistics and Epidemiology, Local Health Authority of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - Fabio Castellana
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Zupo
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Bortone
- Local Healthcare Authority of Bari, ASL Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Stallone
- Neuroscience and Education, Human Resources Excellence in Research, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Altamura
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Su M, Xuan E, Sun X, Pan G, Li D, Zheng H, Zhang YW, Li Y. Synaptic adhesion molecule protocadherin-γC5 mediates β-amyloid-induced neuronal hyperactivity and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1060-1079. [PMID: 38308496 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal hyperactivity induced by β-amyloid (Aβ) is an early pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to cognitive decline in AD progression. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we revealed that Aβ increased the expression level of synaptic adhesion molecule protocadherin-γC5 (Pcdh-γC5) in a Ca2+-dependent manner, associated with aberrant elevation of synapses in both Aβ-treated neurons in vitro and the cortex of APP/PS1 mice in vivo. By using Pcdhgc5 gene knockout mice, we demonstrated the critical function of Pcdh-γC5 in regulating neuronal synapse formation, synaptic transmission, and cognition. To further investigate the role of Pcdh-γC5 in AD pathogenesis, the aberrantly enhanced expression of Pcdh-γC5 in the brain of APP/PS1 mice was knocked down by shRNA. Downregulation of Pcdh-γC5 efficiently rescued neuronal hyperactivity and impaired cognition in APP/PS1 mice. Our findings revealed the pathophysiological role of Pcdh-γC5 in mediating Aβ-induced neuronal hyperactivity and cognitive deficits in AD and identified a novel mechanism underlying AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Erying Xuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangyi Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gaojie Pan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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7
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Li H, Zhao Z, Fassini A, Lee HK, Green RJ, Gomperts SN. Impaired Hippocampal Reactivation Preceding Robust Aβ Deposition in a Model of Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.26.595168. [PMID: 38853978 PMCID: PMC11160633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.26.595168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) target amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils and high molecular weight protofibrils associated with plaques, but other bioactive species may directly contribute to neural systems failure in AD. Employing hippocampal electrophysiological recordings and dynamic calcium imaging across the sleep-wake cycle in young mice expressing human Aβ and Aβ oligomers, we reveal marked impairments of hippocampal function long before amyloid plaques predominate. In slow wave sleep (SWS), Aβ increased the proportion of hypoactive cells and reduced place-cell reactivation. During awake behavior, Aβ impaired theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) and drove excessive synchronization of place cell calcium fluctuations with hippocampal theta. Remarkably, the on-line impairment of hippocampal theta-gamma PAC correlated with the SWS impairment of place-cell reactivation. Together, these results identify toxic effects of Aβ on memory encoding and consolidation processes before robust plaque deposition and support targeting soluble Aβ-related species to treat and prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhuoyang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aline Fassini
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Han K. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reese J. Green
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen N. Gomperts
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Meng X, Song Q, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu J. Neurotoxic β-amyloid oligomers cause mitochondrial dysfunction-the trigger for PANoptosis in neurons. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1400544. [PMID: 38808033 PMCID: PMC11130508 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1400544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the incidence of elderly patients with dementia, represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD), will continue to increase. Previous studies have suggested that β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition is a key factor leading to AD. However, the clinical efficacy of treating AD with anti-Aβ protein antibodies is not satisfactory, suggesting that Aβ amyloidosis may be a pathological change rather than a key factor leading to AD. Identification of the causes of AD and development of corresponding prevention and treatment strategies is an important goal of current research. Following the discovery of soluble oligomeric forms of Aβ (AβO) in 1998, scientists began to focus on the neurotoxicity of AβOs. As an endogenous neurotoxin, the active growth of AβOs can lead to neuronal death, which is believed to occur before plaque formation, suggesting that AβOs are the key factors leading to AD. PANoptosis, a newly proposed concept of cell death that includes known modes of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, is a form of cell death regulated by the PANoptosome complex. Neuronal survival depends on proper mitochondrial function. Under conditions of AβO interference, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs, releasing lethal contents as potential upstream effectors of the PANoptosome. Considering the critical role of neurons in cognitive function and the development of AD as well as the regulatory role of mitochondrial function in neuronal survival, investigation of the potential mechanisms leading to neuronal PANoptosis is crucial. This review describes the disruption of neuronal mitochondrial function by AβOs and elucidates how AβOs may activate neuronal PANoptosis by causing mitochondrial dysfunction during the development of AD, providing guidance for the development of targeted neuronal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Balakrishnan R, Jannat K, Choi DK. Development of dietary small molecules as multi-targeting treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103105. [PMID: 38471283 PMCID: PMC10945280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction can occur both in normal aging and age-related neurological disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These disorders have few treatment options due to side effects and limited efficacy. New approaches to slow cognitive decline are urgently needed. Dietary interventions (nutraceuticals) have received considerable attention because they exhibit strong neuroprotective properties and may help prevent or minimize AD symptoms. Biological aging is driven by a series of interrelated mechanisms, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and autophagy, which function through various signaling pathways. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have shown that dietary small molecules derived from natural sources, including flavonoids, carotenoids, and polyphenolic acids, can modulate oxidative damage, cognitive impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, autophagy dysregulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This paper reviews research on different dietary small molecules and their bioactive constituents in the treatment of AD. Additionally, the chemical structure, effective dose, and specific molecular mechanisms of action are comprehensively explored. This paper also discusses the advantages of using nanotechnology-based drug delivery, which significantly enhances oral bioavailability, safety, and therapeutic effect, and lowers the risk of adverse effects. These agents have considerable potential as novel and safe therapeutic agents that can prevent and combat age-related AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea.
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10
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Castillo-Ordoñez WO, Cajas-Salazar N, Velasco-Reyes MA. Genetic and epigenetic targets of natural dietary compounds as anti-Alzheimer's agents. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:846-854. [PMID: 37843220 PMCID: PMC10664119 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia that principally affects older adults. Pathogenic factors, such as oxidative stress, an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, genotoxicity, and neuroinflammation are present in this syndrome, which leads to neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease are considered late-onset diseases caused by the complex combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. There are two main types of Alzheimer's disease, known as familial Alzheimer's disease (onset < 65 years) and late-onset or sporadic Alzheimer's disease (onset ≥ 65 years). Patients with familial Alzheimer's disease inherit the disease due to rare mutations on the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1 and PSEN2) genes in an autosomal-dominantly fashion with closely 100% penetrance. In contrast, a different picture seems to emerge for sporadic Alzheimer's disease, which exhibits numerous non-Mendelian anomalies suggesting an epigenetic component in its etiology. Importantly, the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms driving Alzheimer's disease are interfaced with epigenetic dysregulation. However, the dynamic nature of epigenetics seems to open up new avenues and hope in regenerative neurogenesis to improve brain repair in Alzheimer's disease or following injury or stroke in humans. In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in using natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease. Through epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, histone modification, and chromatin conformation regulation, natural compounds appear to exert neuroprotective effects. While we do not purport to cover every in this work, we do attempt to illustrate how various phytochemical compounds regulate the epigenetic effects of a few Alzheimer's disease-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Orlando Castillo-Ordoñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán-Cauca, Colombia
- Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Nohelia Cajas-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán-Cauca, Colombia
| | - Mayra Alejandra Velasco-Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación, Departamento de Biología. Universidad del Cauca, Popayán-Cauca, Colombia
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11
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Hsueh SCC, Nijland M, Aina A, Plotkin SS. Cyclization Scaffolding for Improved Vaccine Immunogen Stability: Application to Tau Protein in Alzheimer's Disease. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:2035-2044. [PMID: 38427576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Effective scaffolding of immunogens is crucial for generating conformationally selective antibodies through active immunization, particularly in the treatment of protein misfolding diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Previous computational work has revealed that a disorder-prone region of the tau protein, when in a stacked form, is predicted to structurally resemble a small, soluble protofibril, having conformational properties similar to those of experimental in vitro tau oligomers. Such an oligomeric structural mimic has the potential to serve as a vaccine immunogen design for Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we developed a cyclization scaffolding method in Rosetta, in which multiple cyclic peptides are stacked into a protofibril. Cyclization results in significant stabilization of protofibril-like structures by constraining the conformational space. Applying this method to the disorder-prone region of the tau fibril, we evaluated the metastability of the cyclized tau immunogen using molecular dynamics simulations, and we identified sequences of two cyclic constructs having high metastability in the protofibril. We then assessed their thermodynamic stability by computing the free energy required to separate a distal chain from the rest of the stacked structure. Our computational results, based on molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations, demonstrate that two cyclized constructs, cyclo-(VKSEKLDFKDRVQSKIFyN) and cyclo-(VKSEKLDFKDRVQSKIYvG) (lowercase letters indicate d-form amino acids), possess significantly increased thermodynamic stability in the protofibril over an uncyclized linear construct VKSEKLDFKDRVQSKI. The cyclization scaffolding approach proposed here holds promise as a means to effectively design immunogens for protein misfolding diseases, particularly those involving liposome-conjugated peptide constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn C C Hsueh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark Nijland
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Adekunle Aina
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Steven S Plotkin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Genome Science and Technology Program, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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12
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Halipi V, Sasanian N, Feng J, Hu J, Lubart Q, Bernson D, van Leeuwen D, Ahmadpour D, Sparr E, Esbjörner EK. Extracellular Vesicles Slow Down Aβ(1-42) Aggregation by Interfering with the Amyloid Fibril Elongation Step. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:944-954. [PMID: 38408014 PMCID: PMC10921407 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils is a central pathogenic feature of Alzheimer's disease. Cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as disease modulators, although their exact roles and relations to Aβ pathology remain unclear. We combined kinetics assays and biophysical analyses to explore how small (<220 nm) EVs from neuronal and non-neuronal human cell lines affected the aggregation of the disease-associated Aβ variant Aβ(1-42) into amyloid fibrils. Using thioflavin-T monitored kinetics and seeding assays, we found that EVs reduced Aβ(1-42) aggregation by inhibiting fibril elongation. Morphological analyses revealed this to result in the formation of short fibril fragments with increased thicknesses and less apparent twists. We suggest that EVs may have protective roles by reducing Aβ(1-42) amyloid loads, but also note that the formation of small amyloid fragments could be problematic from a neurotoxicity perspective. EVs may therefore have double-edged roles in the regulation of Aβ pathology in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Halipi
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nima Sasanian
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julia Feng
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jing Hu
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Quentin Lubart
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bernson
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel van Leeuwen
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Doryaneh Ahmadpour
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elin K. Esbjörner
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Abutarboush R, Reed E, Chen Y, Gu M, Watson C, Kawoos U, Statz JK, Tschiffely AE, Ciarlone S, Perez-Garcia G, Gama Sosa MA, de Gasperi R, Stone JR, Elder GA, Ahlers ST. Exposure to Low-Intensity Blast Increases Clearance of Brain Amyloid Beta. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:685-704. [PMID: 38183627 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The long-term effects of exposure to blast overpressure are an important health concern in military personnel. Increase in amyloid beta (Aβ) has been documented after non-blast traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may contribute to neuropathology and an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. We have shown that Aβ levels decrease following exposure to a low-intensity blast overpressure event. To further explore this observation, we examined the effects of a single 37 kPa (5.4 psi) blast exposure on brain Aβ levels, production, and clearance mechanisms in the acute (24 h) and delayed (28 days) phases post-blast exposure in an experimental rat model. Aβ and, notably, the highly neurotoxic detergent soluble Aβ42 form, was reduced at 24 h but not 28 days after blast exposure. This reduction was not associated with changes in the levels of Aβ oligomers, expression levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP), or increase in enzymes involved in the amyloidogenic cleavage of APP, the β- and ϒ-secretases BACE1 and presenilin-1, respectively. The levels of ADAM17 α-secretase (also known as tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme) decreased, concomitant with the reduction in brain Aβ. Additionally, significant increases in brain levels of the endothelial transporter, low-density related protein 1 (LRP1), and enhancement in co-localization of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) to perivascular astrocytic end-feet were observed 24 h after blast exposure. These findings suggest that exposure to low-intensity blast may enhance endothelial clearance of Aβ by LRP1-mediated transcytosis and alter AQP4-aided glymphatic clearance. Collectively, the data demonstrate that low-intensity blast alters enzymatic, transvascular, and perivascular clearance of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Abutarboush
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eileen Reed
- Parsons Corporation, Centreville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ming Gu
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Usmah Kawoos
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan K Statz
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna E Tschiffely
- Department of Neurotrauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie Ciarlone
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Georgina Perez-Garcia
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Miguel A Gama Sosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rita de Gasperi
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gregory A Elder
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Neurology Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Stephen T Ahlers
- Department of Neurotrauma, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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14
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Rinauro DJ, Chiti F, Vendruscolo M, Limbocker R. Misfolded protein oligomers: mechanisms of formation, cytotoxic effects, and pharmacological approaches against protein misfolding diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:20. [PMID: 38378578 PMCID: PMC10877934 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The conversion of native peptides and proteins into amyloid aggregates is a hallmark of over 50 human disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Increasing evidence implicates misfolded protein oligomers produced during the amyloid formation process as the primary cytotoxic agents in many of these devastating conditions. In this review, we analyze the processes by which oligomers are formed, their structures, physicochemical properties, population dynamics, and the mechanisms of their cytotoxicity. We then focus on drug discovery strategies that target the formation of oligomers and their ability to disrupt cell physiology and trigger degenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J Rinauro
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, 10996, USA.
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15
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Alcantara-Gonzalez D, Kennedy M, Criscuolo C, Botterill J, Scharfman HE. Increased excitability of dentate gyrus mossy cells occurs early in life in the Tg2576 model of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579729. [PMID: 38645244 PMCID: PMC11027210 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) emerge early and contribute to disease progression. The dentate gyrus (DG) is implicated in hyperexcitability in AD. We hypothesized that mossy cells (MCs), regulators of DG excitability, contribute to early hyperexcitability in AD. Indeed, MCs generate hyperexcitability in epilepsy. METHODS Using the Tg2576 model and WT mice (∼1month-old), we compared MCs electrophysiologically, assessed c-Fos activity marker, Aβ expression and mice performance in a hippocampal-dependent memory task. RESULTS Tg2576 MCs exhibit increased spontaneous excitatory events and decreased inhibitory currents, increasing the charge transfer excitation/inhibition ratio. Tg2576 MC intrinsic excitability was enhanced, and showed higher c-Fos, intracellular Aβ expression, and axon sprouting. Granule cells only showed changes in synaptic properties, without intrinsic changes. The effects occurred before a memory task is affected. DISCUSSION Early electrophysiological and morphological alterations in Tg2576 MCs are consistent with enhanced excitability, suggesting an early role in DG hyperexcitability and AD pathophysiology. HIGHLIGHTS ∘ MCs from 1 month-old Tg2576 mice had increased spontaneous excitatory synaptic input. ∘ Tg2576 MCs had reduced spontaneous inhibitory synaptic input. ∘ Several intrinsic properties were abnormal in Tg2576 MCs. ∘ Tg2576 GCs had enhanced synaptic excitation but no changes in intrinsic properties. ∘ Tg2576 MCs exhibited high c-Fos expression, soluble Aβ and axonal sprouting.
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16
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Colom-Cadena M, Toombs J, Simzer E, Holt K, McGeachan R, Tulloch J, Jackson RJ, Catterson JH, Spires-Jones MP, Rose J, Waybright L, Caggiano AO, King D, Gobbo F, Davies C, Hooley M, Dunnett S, Tempelaar R, Meftah S, Tzioras M, Hamby ME, Izzo NJ, Catalano SM, Durrant CS, Smith C, Dando O, Spires-Jones TL. Transmembrane protein 97 is a potential synaptic amyloid beta receptor in human Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:32. [PMID: 38319380 PMCID: PMC10847197 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Synapse loss correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, and soluble oligomeric amyloid beta (Aβ) is implicated in synaptic dysfunction and loss. An important knowledge gap is the lack of understanding of how Aβ leads to synapse degeneration. In particular, there has been difficulty in determining whether there is a synaptic receptor that binds Aβ and mediates toxicity. While many candidates have been observed in model systems, their relevance to human AD brain remains unknown. This is in part due to methodological limitations preventing visualization of Aβ binding at individual synapses. To overcome this limitation, we combined two high resolution microscopy techniques: array tomography and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to image over 1 million individual synaptic terminals in temporal cortex from AD (n = 11) and control cases (n = 9). Within presynapses and post-synaptic densities, oligomeric Aβ generates a FRET signal with transmembrane protein 97. Further, Aβ generates a FRET signal with cellular prion protein, and post-synaptic density 95 within post synapses. Transmembrane protein 97 is also present in a higher proportion of post synapses in Alzheimer's brain compared to controls. We inhibited Aβ/transmembrane protein 97 interaction in a mouse model of amyloidopathy by treating with the allosteric modulator CT1812. CT1812 drug concentration correlated negatively with synaptic FRET signal between transmembrane protein 97 and Aβ. In human-induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons, transmembrane protein 97 is present in synapses and colocalizes with Aβ when neurons are challenged with human Alzheimer's brain homogenate. Transcriptional changes are induced by Aβ including changes in genes involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. CT1812 treatment of these neurons caused changes in gene sets involved in synaptic function. These data support a role for transmembrane protein 97 in the synaptic binding of Aβ in human Alzheimer's disease brain where it may mediate synaptotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Colom-Cadena
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jamie Toombs
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Simzer
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kristjan Holt
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Robert McGeachan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jane Tulloch
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Rosemary J Jackson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - James H Catterson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Maxwell P Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Jamie Rose
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | | | | | - Declan King
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Francesco Gobbo
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Caitlin Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Monique Hooley
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sophie Dunnett
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Robert Tempelaar
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Soraya Meftah
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Makis Tzioras
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Scottish Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, EH12 9DQ, UK
| | - Mary E Hamby
- Cognition Therapeutics Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | | | | | - Claire S Durrant
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Sudden Death Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4HB, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
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17
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An J, Kim K, Lim HJ, Kim HY, Shin J, Park I, Cho I, Kim HY, Kim S, McLean C, Choi KY, Kim Y, Lee KH, Kim JS. Early onset diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease patients via amyloid-β oligomers-sensing probe in cerebrospinal fluid. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1004. [PMID: 38307843 PMCID: PMC10837422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are implicated in the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, quinoline-derived half-curcumin-dioxaborine (Q-OB) fluorescent probe was designed for detecting Aβ oligomers by finely tailoring the hydrophobicity of the biannulate donor motifs in donor-π-acceptor structure. Q-OB shows a great sensing potency in dynamically monitoring oligomerization of Aβ during amyloid fibrillogenesis in vitro. In addition, we applied this strategy to fluorometrically analyze Aβ self-assembly kinetics in the cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) of AD patients. The fluorescence intensity of Q-OB in AD patients' CSF revealed a marked change of log (I/I0) value of 0.34 ± 0.13 (cognitive normal), 0.15 ± 0.12 (mild cognitive impairment), and 0.14 ± 0.10 (AD dementia), guiding to distinguish a state of AD continuum for early diagnosis of AD. These studies demonstrate the potential of our approach can expand the currently available preclinical diagnostic platform for the early stages of AD, aiding in the disruption of pathological progression and the development of appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jusung An
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Kyeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Ho Jae Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - Hye Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - InWook Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Illhwan Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Hyeong Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Biomedical Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Kyu Yeong Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea
| | - YoungSoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea.
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea.
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea.
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Korea.
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Korea.
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02856, Korea.
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18
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Zhang S, Ai H, Wang J, Liu T, Zheng X, Tian X, Bai W. Reduced Prefrontal-Thalamic Theta Flow During Working Memory Retrieval in APP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1737-1749. [PMID: 38306044 PMCID: PMC10894573 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Background Working memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are linked to impairments in the retrieval of stored memory information. However, research on the mechanism of impaired working memory retrieval in Alzheimer's disease is still lacking. Objective The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD) are involved in memory retrieval. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional interactions and information transmission between mPFC and MD in the AD model. Methods We recorded local field potentials from mPFC and MD while the mice (APP/PS1 transgenic model and control) performed a T-maze spatial working memory task. The temporal dynamics of oscillatory activity and bidirectional information flow between mPFC and MD were assessed during the task phases. Results We mainly found a significant decrease in theta flow from mPFC to MD in APP/PS1 mice during retrieval. Conclusions Our results indicate an important role of the mPFC-MD input for retrieval and the disrupted information transfer from mPFC to MD may be the underlying mechanism of working memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongrui Ai
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiaotiao Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuyuan Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tian
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Bai
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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19
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Tooyama I, Kato T, Taguchi H, Kageyama Y, Irie K, Hirahara Y, Yanagisawa D. Visualization of Amyloid Oligomers in the Brain of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:87-94. [PMID: 38318103 PMCID: PMC10838628 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), highly neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers appear early, they are thus considered to be deeply involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease. However, Aβ oligomer visualization is challenging in human tissues due to their multiple forms (e.g., low- and high-molecular-weight oligomers, including protofibrils) as well as their tendency to rapidly change forms and aggregate. In this review, we present two visualization approaches for Aβ oligomers in tissues: an immunohistochemical (using the monoclonal antibody TxCo1 against toxic Aβ oligomer conformers) and imaging mass spectrometry using the small chemical Shiga-Y51 that specifically binds Aβ oligomers. TxCo1 immunohistochemistry revealed Aβ oligomer distributions in postmortem human brains with AD. Using Shiga-Y51, imaging mass spectrometry revealed Aβ oligomer distributions in the brain of a transgenic mouse model for AD. These two methods would potentially contribute to elucidating the pathological mechanisms underlying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Tooyama
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Taguchi
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Education Center for Medicine and Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukie Hirahara
- Faculty of Nursing, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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20
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Goettemoeller AM, Banks E, McCann KE, Kumar P, South K, Olah VJ, Ramelow CC, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Rangaraju S, Weinshenker D, Rowan MJM. Entorhinal cortex vulnerability to human APP expression promotes hyperexcitability and tau pathology. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3370607. [PMID: 37987015 PMCID: PMC10659529 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3370607/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Preventative treatment for Alzheimer's Disease is of dire importance, and yet, cellular mechanisms underlying early regional vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease remain unknown. In human patients with Alzheimer's Disease, one of the earliest observed pathophysiological correlates to cognitive decline is hyperexcitability1. In mouse models, early hyperexcitability has been shown in the entorhinal cortex, the first cortical region impacted by Alzheimer's Disease2-4. The origin of hyperexcitability in early-stage disease and why it preferentially emerges in specific regions is unclear. Using cortical-region and cell-type- specific proteomics and patch-clamp electrophysiology, we uncovered differential susceptibility to human-specific amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) in a model of sporadic Alzheimer's. Unexpectedly, our findings reveal that early entorhinal hyperexcitability may result from intrinsic vulnerability of parvalbumin interneurons, rather than the suspected layer II excitatory neurons. This vulnerability of entorhinal PV interneurons is specific to hAPP, as it could not be recapitulated with increased murine APP expression. Furthermore, the Somatosensory Cortex showed no such vulnerability to adult-onset hAPP expression, likely resulting from PV-interneuron variability between the two regions based on physiological and proteomic evaluations. Interestingly, entorhinal hAPP-induced hyperexcitability was quelled by co-expression of human Tau at the expense of increased pathological tau species. This study suggests early disease interventions targeting non-excitatory cell types may protect regions with early vulnerability to pathological symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease and downstream cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie M Goettemoeller
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- GDBBS Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University
| | - Emmie Banks
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- GDBBS Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University
| | | | - Prateek Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Kelly South
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- GDBBS Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University
| | - Viktor J Olah
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Christina C Ramelow
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
- GDBBS Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine
- GDBBS Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University
| | | | - Matthew JM Rowan
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine
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21
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Han X, Li PH, Wang S, Sanchez M, Aggarwal S, Blakely T, Schalek R, Meirovitch Y, Lin Z, Berger D, Wu Y, Aly F, Bay S, Delatour B, LaFaye P, Pfister H, Wei D, Jain V, Ploegh H, Lichtman J. A large-scale volumetric correlated light and electron microscopy study localizes Alzheimer's disease-related molecules in the hippocampus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563674. [PMID: 37961104 PMCID: PMC10634883 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Connectomics is a nascent neuroscience field to map and analyze neuronal networks. It provides a new way to investigate abnormalities in brain tissue, including in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This age-related disease is associated with alterations in amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (pTau). These alterations correlate with AD's clinical manifestations, but causal links remain unclear. Therefore, studying these molecular alterations within the context of the local neuronal and glial milieu may provide insight into disease mechanisms. Volume electron microscopy (vEM) is an ideal tool for performing connectomics studies at the ultrastructural level, but localizing specific biomolecules within large-volume vEM data has been challenging. Here we report a volumetric correlated light and electron microscopy (vCLEM) approach using fluorescent nanobodies as immuno-probes to localize Alzheimer's disease-related molecules in a large vEM volume. Three molecules (pTau, Aβ, and a marker for activated microglia (CD11b)) were labeled without the need for detergents by three nanobody probes in a sample of the hippocampus of the 3xTg Alzheimer's disease model mouse. Confocal microscopy followed by vEM imaging of the same sample allowed for registration of the location of the molecules within the volume. This dataset revealed several ultrastructural abnormalities regarding the localizations of Aβ and pTau in novel locations. For example, two pTau-positive post-synaptic spine-like protrusions innervated by axon terminals were found projecting from the axon initial segment of a pyramidal cell. Three pyramidal neurons with intracellular Aβ or pTau were 3D reconstructed. Automatic synapse detection, which is necessary for connectomics analysis, revealed the changes in density and volume of synapses at different distances from an Aβ plaque. This vCLEM approach is useful to uncover molecular alterations within large-scale volume electron microscopy data, opening a new connectomics pathway to study Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia.
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22
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Akasaka T, Watanabe H, Ono M. In Vivo Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Selective for Soluble Amyloid β Aggregates Using y-Shaped BODIPY Derivative. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14029-14046. [PMID: 37824378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Soluble amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates, suggested to be the most toxic forms of Aβ, draw attention as therapeutic targets and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As soluble Aβ aggregates are transient and diverse, imaging their diverse forms in vivo is expected to have a marked impact on research and diagnosis of AD. Herein, we report a near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe, BAOP-16, targeting diverse soluble Aβ aggregates. BAOP-16, whose molecular shape resembles "y", showed a marked selective increase in fluorescence intensity upon binding to soluble Aβ aggregates in the near-infrared region and a high binding affinity for them. Additionally, BAOP-16 could detect Aβ oligomers in the brains of Aβ-inoculated model mice. In an in vivo fluorescence imaging study of BAOP-16, brains of AD model mice displayed significantly higher fluorescence signals than those of wild-type mice. These results indicate that BAOP-16 could be useful for the in vivo NIRF imaging of diverse soluble Aβ aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Akasaka
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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23
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Hector A, Provost C, Delignat-Lavaud B, Bouamira K, Menaouar CA, Mongrain V, Brouillette J. Hippocampal injections of soluble amyloid-beta oligomers alter electroencephalographic activity during wake and slow-wave sleep in rats. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:174. [PMID: 37833786 PMCID: PMC10571363 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble amyloid-beta oligomers (Aβo) begin to accumulate in the human brain one to two decades before a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The literature supports that soluble Aβo are implicated in synapse and neuronal losses in the brain regions such as the hippocampus. This region importantly contributes to explicit memory, the first type of memory affected in AD. During AD preclinical and prodromal stages, people are also experiencing wake/sleep alterations such as insomnia (e.g., difficulty initiating sleep, decreased sleep duration), excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep schedule modifications. In addition, changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during wake and sleep have been reported in AD patients and animal models. However, the specific contribution of Aβo to wake/sleep alterations is poorly understood and was investigated in the present study. METHODS Chronic hippocampal injections of soluble Aβo were conducted in male rats and combined with EEG recording to determine the progressive impact of Aβ pathology specifically on wake/sleep architecture and EEG activity. Bilateral injections were conducted for 6 consecutive days, and EEG acquisition was done before, during, and after Aβo injections. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess neuron numbers in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). RESULTS Aβo injections did not affect the time spent in wakefulness, slow wave sleep (SWS), and paradoxical sleep but altered EEG activity during wake and SWS. More precisely, Aβo increased slow-wave activity (SWA; 0.5-5 Hz) and low-beta activity (16-20 Hz) during wake and decreased theta (5-9 Hz) and alpha (9-12 Hz) activities during SWS. Moreover, the theta activity/SWA ratio during wake and SWS was decreased by Aβo. These effects were significant only after 6 days of Aβo injections and were found with alterations in neuron counts in the DG. CONCLUSIONS We found multiple modifications of the wake and SWS EEG following Aβo delivery to the hippocampus. These findings expose a specific EEG signature of Aβ pathology and can serve the development of non-invasive and cost-effective markers for the early diagnosis of AD or other amyloid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Hector
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chloé Provost
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Khadija Bouamira
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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24
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Chatanaka MK, Sohaei D, Diamandis EP, Prassas I. Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: how current research implicates autoimmunity in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:398-426. [PMID: 36941789 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2187342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis has so far been at the forefront of explaining the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and eventual death. Recent evidence, however, points to additional factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. These include the neurovascular hypothesis, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, the inflammatory hypothesis, the prion hypothesis, the mutational accumulation hypothesis, and the autoimmunity hypothesis. The purpose of this review was to briefly discuss the factors that are associated with autoimmunity in humans, including sex, the gut and lung microbiomes, age, genetics, and environmental factors. Subsequently, it was to examine the rise of autoimmune phenomena in AD, which can be instigated by a blood-brain barrier breakdown, pathogen infections, and dysfunction of the glymphatic system. Lastly, it was to discuss the various ways by which immune system dysregulation leads to AD, immunomodulating therapies, and future directions in the field of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. A comprehensive account of the recent research done in the field was extracted from PubMed on 31 January 2022, with the keywords "Alzheimer's disease" and "autoantibodies" for the first search input, and "Alzheimer's disease" with "IgG" for the second. From the first search, 19 papers were selected, because they contained recent research on the autoantibodies found in the biofluids of patients with AD. From the second search, four papers were selected. The analysis of the literature has led to support the autoimmune hypothesis in AD. Autoantibodies were found in biofluids (serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with AD with multiple methods, including ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, and microarray analysis. Through continuous research, the understanding of the synergistic effects of the various components that lead to AD will pave the way for better therapeutic methods and a deeper understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo K Chatanaka
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dorsa Sohaei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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25
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Khaled M, Rönnbäck I, Ilag LL, Gräslund A, Strodel B, Österlund N. A Hairpin Motif in the Amyloid-β Peptide Is Important for Formation of Disease-Related Oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18340-18354. [PMID: 37555670 PMCID: PMC10450692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease and is known to form highly neurotoxic prefibrillar oligomeric aggregates, which are difficult to study due to their transient, low-abundance, and heterogeneous nature. To obtain high-resolution information about oligomer structure and dynamics as well as relative populations of assembly states, we here employ a combination of native ion mobility mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the formation of Aβ oligomers is dependent on the presence of a specific β-hairpin motif in the peptide sequence. Oligomers initially grow spherically but start to form extended linear aggregates at oligomeric states larger than those of the tetramer. The population of the extended oligomers could be notably increased by introducing an intramolecular disulfide bond, which prearranges the peptide in the hairpin conformation, thereby promoting oligomeric structures but preventing conversion into mature fibrils. Conversely, truncating one of the β-strand-forming segments of Aβ decreased the hairpin propensity of the peptide and thus decreased the oligomer population, removed the formation of extended oligomers entirely, and decreased the aggregation propensity of the peptide. We thus propose that the observed extended oligomer state is related to the formation of an antiparallel sheet state, which then nucleates into the amyloid state. These studies provide increased mechanistic understanding of the earliest steps in Aβ aggregation and suggest that inhibition of Aβ folding into the hairpin conformation could be a viable strategy for reducing the amount of toxic oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khaled
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing: Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Isabel Rönnbäck
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leopold L. Ilag
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute
of Biological Information Processing: Structural Biochemistry (IBI-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicklas Österlund
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet − Biomedicum, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
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26
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Loeffler DA. Antibody-Mediated Clearance of Brain Amyloid-β: Mechanisms of Action, Effects of Natural and Monoclonal Anti-Aβ Antibodies, and Downstream Effects. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:873-899. [PMID: 37662616 PMCID: PMC10473157 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic efforts to slow the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by lowering brain amyloid-β (Aβ) have included Aβ vaccination, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) products, and anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies. Neither Aβ vaccination nor IVIG slowed disease progression. Despite conflicting phase III results, the monoclonal antibody Aducanumab received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treatment of AD in June 2021. The only treatments unequivocally demonstrated to slow AD progression to date are the monoclonal antibodies Lecanemab and Donanemab. Lecanemab received FDA approval in January 2023 based on phase II results showing lowering of PET-detectable Aβ; phase III results released at that time indicated slowing of disease progression. Topline results released in May 2023 for Donanemab's phase III trial revealed that primary and secondary end points had been met. Antibody binding to Aβ facilitates its clearance from the brain via multiple mechanisms including promoting its microglial phagocytosis, activating complement, dissolving fibrillar Aβ, and binding of antibody-Aβ complexes to blood-brain barrier receptors. Antibody binding to Aβ in peripheral blood may also promote cerebral efflux of Aβ by a peripheral sink mechanism. According to the amyloid hypothesis, for Aβ targeting to slow AD progression, it must decrease downstream neuropathological processes including tau aggregation and phosphorylation and (possibly) inflammation and oxidative stress. This review discusses antibody-mediated mechanisms of Aβ clearance, findings in AD trials involving Aβ vaccination, IVIG, and anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies, downstream effects reported in those trials, and approaches which might improve the Aβ-clearing ability of monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Loeffler
- Beaumont Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Corewell Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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27
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Chuah JJY, Rexroad MS, Smith DM. High resolution structures define divergent and convergent mechanisms of archaeal proteasome activation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:733. [PMID: 37454196 PMCID: PMC10349882 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the link between neurodegenerative diseases and impaired proteasome function, and the neuro-protective impact of enhanced proteasome activity in animal models, it's crucial to understand proteasome activation mechanisms. A hydrophobic-tyrosine-any residue (HbYX) motif on the C-termini of proteasome-activating complexes independently triggers gate-opening of the 20S core particle for protein degradation; however, the causal allosteric mechanism remains unclear. Our study employs a structurally irreducible dipeptide HbYX mimetic to investigate the allosteric mechanism of gate-opening in the archaeal proteasome. High-resolution cryo-EM structures pinpoint vital residues and conformational changes in the proteasome α-subunit implicated in HbYX-dependent activation. Using point mutations, we simulated the HbYX-bound state, providing support for our mechanistic model. We discerned four main mechanistic elements triggering gate-opening: 1) back-loop rearrangement adjacent to K66, 2) intra- and inter- α subunit conformational changes, 3) occupancy of the hydrophobic pocket, and 4) a highly conserved isoleucine-threonine pair in the 20S channel stabilizing the open and closed states, termed the "IT switch." Comparison of different complexes unveiled convergent and divergent mechanism of 20S gate-opening among HbYX-dependent and independent activators. This study delivers a detailed molecular model for HbYX-dependent 20S gate-opening, enabling the development of small molecule proteasome activators that hold promise to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle J Y Chuah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Matthew S Rexroad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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28
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Chuah JJY, Thibaudeau TA, Smith DM. Minimal mechanistic component of HbYX-dependent proteasome activation that reverses impairment by neurodegenerative-associated oligomers. Commun Biol 2023; 6:725. [PMID: 37452144 PMCID: PMC10349142 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The implication of reduced proteasomal function in neurodegenerative diseases combined with studies showing the protective effects of increasing proteasome activity in animal models highlight the need to understand the capacity for proteasome activation by small molecules. The C-terminal HbYX motif is present on many proteasome binding proteins and functions to tether activators to the 20S core particle. Previous studies have shown that peptides with a HbYX motif can autonomously activate 20S gate-opening to allow protein degradation. In this study, through an iterative process of peptide synthesis, we design a HbYX-like dipeptide mimetic that represents only the fundamental components of the HbYX motif. The mimetic robustly induces gate-opening in archaeal, yeast, and mammalian proteasomes. We identify multiple proteasome α subunit residues in the archaeal proteasome involved in HbYX-dependent activation. When stimulated by the mimetic, the mammalian 20S can degrade unfolded proteins such as tau. Findings using our peptide mimetic suggest the HbYX-dependent mechanism requires cooperative binding in at least two intersubunit pockets of the α ring. Most significantly, our peptide mimetic reverses proteasome impairment by neurodegenerative disease-associated oligomers. Collectively, these results validate HbYX-like molecules as having robust potential to stimulate proteasome function, which are potentially useful for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle J Y Chuah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tiffany A Thibaudeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - David M Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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29
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Suelves N, Saleki S, Ibrahim T, Palomares D, Moonen S, Koper MJ, Vrancx C, Vadukul DM, Papadopoulos N, Viceconte N, Claude E, Vandenberghe R, von Arnim CAF, Constantinescu SN, Thal DR, Decottignies A, Kienlen-Campard P. Senescence-related impairment of autophagy induces toxic intraneuronal amyloid-β accumulation in a mouse model of amyloid pathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:82. [PMID: 37198698 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative pathologies, but the molecular and cellular changes underlying pathological aging of the nervous system are poorly understood. AD pathology seems to correlate with the appearance of cells that become senescent due to the progressive accumulation of cellular insults causing DNA damage. Senescence has also been shown to reduce the autophagic flux, a mechanism involved in clearing damaged proteins from the cell, and such impairment has been linked to AD pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of cellular senescence on AD pathology by crossing a mouse model of AD-like amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology (5xFAD) with a mouse model of senescence that is genetically deficient for the RNA component of the telomerase (Terc-/-). We studied changes in amyloid pathology, neurodegeneration, and the autophagy process in brain tissue samples and primary cultures derived from these mice by complementary biochemical and immunostaining approaches. Postmortem human brain samples were also processed to evaluate autophagy defects in AD patients. Our results show that accelerated senescence produces an early accumulation of intraneuronal Aβ in the subiculum and cortical layer V of 5xFAD mice. This correlates with a reduction in amyloid plaques and Aβ levels in connecting brain regions at a later disease stage. Neuronal loss was specifically observed in brain regions presenting intraneuronal Aβ and was linked to telomere attrition. Our results indicate that senescence affects intraneuronal Aβ accumulation by impairing autophagy function and that early autophagy defects can be found in the brains of AD patients. Together, these findings demonstrate the instrumental role of senescence in intraneuronal Aβ accumulation, which represents a key event in AD pathophysiology, and emphasize the correlation between the initial stages of amyloid pathology and defects in the autophagy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Suelves
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shirine Saleki
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tasha Ibrahim
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Debora Palomares
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Moonen
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta J Koper
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Céline Vrancx
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Department of Neurosciences, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Devkee M Vadukul
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- SIGN Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nikenza Viceconte
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eloïse Claude
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- SIGN Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anabelle Decottignies
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Aging and Dementia Group, Cellular and Molecular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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30
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Leng H, Yang J, Long L, Yan Y, Shi WJ, Zhang L, Yan JW. GFP-based red-emissive fluorescent probes for dual imaging of β-amyloid plaques and mitochondrial viscosity. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106540. [PMID: 37084586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), with incurable neurodegenerative damage, has attracted growing interest in exploration of better AD biomarkers in its early diagnosis. Among various biomarkers, amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates and mitochondrial viscosity are closely related to AD and their dual imaging might provide a potential and feasible strategy. In this work, five GFP-based red-emissive fluorescent probes were rationally designed and synthesized for selective detection of β-amyloid plaques and viscosity, among which C25e exhibited superior properties and could successfully image β-amyloid plaques and mitochondrial viscosity with different fluorescence wavelength signals "turn-on" at around 624 and 640 nm, respectively. Moreover, the staining of brain sections from a transgenic AD mouse showed that probe C25e showed higher selectivity and signal-to-noise ratio towards Aβ plaques than commercially-available Thio-S. In addition, the probe C25e was, for the first time, employed for monitoring amyloid-β induced mitochondrial viscosity changes. Therefore, this GFP-based red-emissive fluorescent probe C25e could serve as a dual-functional tool for imaging β-amyloid plaques and mitochondrial viscosity, which might provide a unique strategy for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Leng
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jinrong Yang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Liansheng Long
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, 510010, P.R. China
| | - Yiyong Yan
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510010, PR China
| | - Wen-Jing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Jin-Wu Yan
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Villarreal J, Kow K, Pham B, Egatz-Gomez A, Sandrin TR, Coleman PD, Ros A. Intracellular Amyloid-β Detection from Human Brain Sections Using a Microfluidic Immunoassay in Tandem with MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5522-5531. [PMID: 36894164 PMCID: PMC10078609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently affects more than 30 million people worldwide. The lack of understanding of AD's physiopathology limits the development of therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Soluble amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) oligomers that appear as intermediates along the Aβ aggregation into plaques are considered among the main AD neurotoxic species. Although a wealth of data are available about Aβ from in vitro and animal models, there is little known about intracellular Aβ in human brain cells, mainly due to the lack of technology to assess the intracellular protein content. The elucidation of the Aβ species in specific brain cell subpopulations can provide insight into the role of Aβ in AD and the neurotoxic mechanism involved. Here, we report a microfluidic immunoassay for in situ mass spectrometry analysis of intracellular Aβ species from archived human brain tissue. This approach comprises the selective laser dissection of individual pyramidal cell bodies from tissues, their transfer to the microfluidic platform for sample processing on-chip, and mass spectrometric characterization. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate the detection of intracellular Aβ species from as few as 20 human brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorvani
Cruz Villarreal
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Keegan Kow
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Brian Pham
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana Egatz-Gomez
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Todd R. Sandrin
- School
of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona
State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
- Julie
Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona
State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Paul D. Coleman
- Banner
ASU Neurodegenerative Research Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center
for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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32
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Lizama BN, Kahle J, Catalano SM, Caggiano AO, Grundman M, Hamby ME. Sigma-2 Receptors—From Basic Biology to Therapeutic Target: A Focus on Age-Related Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076251. [PMID: 37047224 PMCID: PMC10093856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a large unmet medical need to develop disease-modifying treatment options for individuals with age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. The sigma-2 receptor (S2R), encoded by TMEM97, is expressed in brain and retinal cells, and regulates cell functions via its co-receptor progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), and through other protein–protein interactions. Studies describing functions of S2R involve the manipulation of expression or pharmacological modulation using exogenous small-molecule ligands. These studies demonstrate that S2R modulates key pathways involved in age-related diseases including autophagy, trafficking, oxidative stress, and amyloid-β and α-synuclein toxicity. Furthermore, S2R modulation can ameliorate functional deficits in cell-based and animal models of disease. This review summarizes the current evidence-based understanding of S2R biology and function, and its potential as a therapeutic target for age-related degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer’s disease, α-synucleinopathies, and dry age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Grundman
- Global R&D Partners, LLC., San Diego, CA 92130, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mary E. Hamby
- Cognition Therapeutics, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15203, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chuah JJ, Thibaudeau TA, Rexroad MS, Smith DM. Minimal mechanistic component of HbYX-dependent proteasome activation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2496767. [PMID: 36993338 PMCID: PMC10055539 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2496767/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The implication of reduced proteasomal function in neurodegenerative diseases combined with numerous studies showing the protective effects of increasing proteasome activity in animal models justify the need to understand how the proteasome is activated for protein degradation. The C-terminal HbYX motif is present on many proteasome binding proteins and functions to tether activators to the 20S core particle. Peptides with a HbYX motif can also autonomously activate 20S gate-opening to allow protein degradation, but the underlying allosteric molecular mechanism is not clear. We designed a HbYX-like dipeptide mimetic that represents only the fundamental components of the HbYX motif to allow rigorous elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of HbYX induced 20S gate-opening in the archaeal and mamalian proteasome. By generating several high-resolution cryo-EM structures (e.g. 1.9Å) we identified multiple proteasome α subunit residues involved in HbYX-dependent activation and the conformational changes involved in gate-opening. In addition, we generated mutants probing these structural findings and identified specific point mutations that strongly activate the proteasome by partially mimicking a HbYX-bound state. These structures resolve 3 novel mechanistic features that are critical for allosteric α subunit conformational changes that ultimately trigger gate-opening: 1) rearrangement of the loop adjacent to K66, 2) inter- and intra- α subunit conformational changes and 3) a pair of IT residues on the α N-terminus in the 20S channel that alternate binding sites to stabilize the open and closed states. All gate-opening mechanisms appear to converge on this "IT switch". When stimulated by the mimetic, the human 20S can degrade unfolded proteins such as tau, and prevent proteasomal inhibition by toxic soluble oligomers. Collectively, the results presented here provide a mechanistic model of HbYX-dependent 20S gate-opening and offer proof of concept for the robust potential of HbYX-like small molecules to stimulate proteasome function, which could be useful to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle J. Chuah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Tiffany A. Thibaudeau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV USA
| | - Matthew S. Rexroad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV USA
| | - David M. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 64 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Robinson J, Sarangi NK, Keyes TE. Role of phosphatidylserine in amyloid-beta oligomerization at asymmetric phospholipid bilayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7648-7661. [PMID: 36317678 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03344e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) aggregation triggers neurotoxicity and is linked to Alzheimer's disease. Aβ1-42 oligomers, rather than extended fibrils, adhere to the cell membrane, causing cell death. Phosphatidylserine (PS), an anionic phospholipid, is prevalent in neuronal membranes (< 20 molar percentage) and, while isolated to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the membrane in healthy cells, its exposure in apoptotic cells and migration to exoplasmic leaflet is triggered by oxidative damage to the membrane. It is widely believed that PS plays a crucial role in the Aβ peptide interaction in the membranes of neuronal cells. However, due to the complexity of the cell membrane, it can be challenging to address molecular level understanding of the PS-Aβ binding and oligomerization processes. Herein, we use microcavity supported lipid bilayers (MSLBs) to analyse PS and Aβ1-42 binding, oligomer formation, and membrane damage. MSLBs are a useful model to evaluate protein-membrane interactions because of their cell-like dual aspect fluidity, their addressability and compositional versatility. We used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and confocal fluorescence microscopy to compare the impact of Aβ1-42 on simple zwitterioinic membrane, dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), with MSLBs comprised of transversally asymmetric binary DOPC and dioleoylphosphatidylserine (DOPS). Monomeric Aβ1-42 adsorbs weakly to the pristine zwitterionic DOPC membrane without aggregation. Using a membrane integrity test, with pyranine trapped within the cavities beneath the membrane, Aβ1-42 exposure did not result in pyranine leakage, indicating that DOPC membranes were intact. When 10 mol% DOPS was doped asymmetrically into the membrane's outer leaflet, oligomerization of Aβ1-42 monomer was evident in EIS and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and confocal imaging revealed that membrane damage, resulted in extensive pyranine leakage from the pores. The effects were time, and DOPS and Aβ1-42 concentration-dependent. Membrane pore formation was visible within 30 minutes, and oligomerization, membrane-oligomer multilayer, and Aβ1-42 fibril formation evident over 3 to 18 hours. In asymmetric membranes with DOPS localized to the lower leaflet, optothermally (laser induced) damage increased local DOPS concentrations at the distal leaflet, promoting Aβ1-42 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Robinson
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nirod Kumar Sarangi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,National Center for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,National Center for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Konstantinidis E, Dakhel A, Beretta C, Erlandsson A. Long-term effects of amyloid-beta deposits in human iPSC-derived astrocytes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103839. [PMID: 36907531 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that astrocytes are tightly connected to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the way in which astrocytes participate in AD initiation and progression remains to be clarified. Our previous data show that astrocytes engulf large amounts of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) but are unable to successfully degrade the material. In this study, we aimed to evaluate how intracellular Aβ-accumulation affects the astrocytes over time. For this purpose, human induced pluripotent cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes were exposed to sonicated Aβ-fibrils and then cultured further for one week or ten weeks in Aβ-free medium. Cells from both time points were analyzed for lysosomal proteins and astrocyte reactivity markers and the media were screened for inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the overall health of cytoplasmic organelles was investigated by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Our data demonstrate that long-term astrocytes retained frequent Aβ-inclusions that were enclosed within LAMP1-positive organelles and sustained markers associated with reactivity. Furthermore, Aβ-accumulation resulted in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial swelling, increased secretion of the cytokine CCL2/MCP-1 and formation of pathological lipid structures. Taken together, our results provide valuable information of how intracellular Aβ-deposits affect astrocytes, and thereby contribute to the understanding of the role of astrocytes in AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Konstantinidis
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abdulkhalek Dakhel
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chiara Beretta
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Erlandsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Uppsala, Sweden.
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36
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Canet G, Zussy C, Hernandez C, Maurice T, Desrumaux C, Givalois L. The pathomimetic oAβ25–35 model of Alzheimer's disease: Potential for screening of new therapeutic agents. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108398. [PMID: 37001735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, currently affecting more than 40 million people worldwide. The two main histopathological hallmarks of AD were identified in the 1980s: senile plaques (composed of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides) and neurofibrillary tangles (composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein). In the human brain, both Aβ and tau show aggregation into soluble and insoluble oligomers. Soluble oligomers of Aβ include their most predominant forms - Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 - as well as shorter peptides such as Aβ25-35 or Aβ25-35/40. Most animal models of AD have been developed using transgenesis, based on identified human mutations. However, these familial forms of AD represent less than 1% of AD cases. In this context, the idea emerged in the 1990s to directly inject the Aβ25-35 fragment into the rodent brain to develop an acute model of AD that could mimic the disease's sporadic forms (99% of all cases). This review aims to: (1) summarize the biological activity of Aβ25-35, focusing on its impact on the main structural and functional alterations observed in AD (cognitive deficits, APP misprocessing, tau system dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, cholinergic and glutamatergic alterations, HPA axis dysregulation, synaptic deficits and cell death); and (2) confirm the interest of this pathomimetic model in AD research, as it has helped identify and characterize many molecules (marketed, in clinical development, and in preclinical testing), and to the development of alternative approaches for AD prevention and therapy. Today, the Aβ25-35 model appears as a first-intent choice model to rapidly screen the symptomatic or neuroprotective potencies of new compounds, chemical series, or innovative therapeutic strategies.
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37
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A Transgenic 5xFAD-M Line of Mice for Dendritic Spine Morphology Analysis in Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020307. [PMID: 36831849 PMCID: PMC9954381 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are closely related to synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Functional changes in synaptic contacts are reflected in dendritic spine morphology. Visualization of neurons for morphological studies in vivo is complicated by the fixed brain slice staining or expensive adeno-associated virus injections. We created a transgenic 5xFAD-M line of mice with AD-associated mutations and expressed GFP protein in single neurons of the brain. This mouse model of AD is a useful tool for the simplified visualization of the hippocampal neurons' morphology in vivo without additional staining manipulations. The progressive elimination of mushroom spines was demonstrated in 5xFAD-M mice between 4 and 5 months of age. Five-month-old 5xFAD-M male and female mice showed change both in the total density and the mushroom spines number compared to sex-matched control. We conclude 5xFAD-M mice can be a useful AD model for studying the mechanisms of synaptic pathology under neurodegenerative conditions and evaluating the effects of potential therapeutic agents on spine morphology as crucial aspect of memory loss in AD.
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38
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Biasetti L, Rey S, Fowler M, Ratnayaka A, Fennell K, Smith C, Marshall K, Hall C, Vargas-Caballero M, Serpell L, Staras K. Elevated amyloid beta disrupts the nanoscale organization and function of synaptic vesicle pools in hippocampal neurons. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1263-1276. [PMID: 35368053 PMCID: PMC9930632 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is linked to increased levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain, but the mechanisms underlying neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration remain enigmatic. Here, we investigate whether organizational characteristics of functional presynaptic vesicle pools, key determinants of information transmission in the central nervous system, are targets for elevated Aβ. Using an optical readout method in cultured hippocampal neurons, we show that acute Aβ42 treatment significantly enlarges the fraction of functional vesicles at individual terminals. We observe the same effect in a chronically elevated Aβ transgenic model (APPSw,Ind) using an ultrastructure-function approach that provides detailed information on nanoscale vesicle pool positioning. Strikingly, elevated Aβ is correlated with excessive accumulation of recycled vesicles near putative endocytic sites, which is consistent with deficits in vesicle retrieval pathways. Using the glutamate reporter, iGluSnFR, we show that there are parallel functional consequences, where ongoing information signaling capacity is constrained. Treatment with levetiracetam, an antiepileptic that dampens synaptic hyperactivity, partially rescues these transmission defects. Our findings implicate organizational and dynamic features of functional vesicle pools as targets in Aβ-driven synaptic impairment, suggesting that interventions to relieve the overloading of vesicle retrieval pathways might have promising therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Biasetti
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Rey
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Fowler
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Arjuna Ratnayaka
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Fennell
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Smith
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Marshall
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Hall
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Vargas-Caballero
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Serpell
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Staras
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
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Amano A, Sanjo N, Araki W, Anraku Y, Nakakido M, Matsubara E, Tomiyama T, Nagata T, Tsumoto K, Kataoka K, Yokota T. Peripheral administration of nanomicelle-encapsulated anti-Aβ oligomer fragment antibody reduces various toxic Aβ species in the brain. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:36. [PMID: 36721182 PMCID: PMC9888736 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a large amount of evidence has revealed that amyloid β (Aβ), especially Aβ oligomers, protofibrils, and pyroglutamated Aβs, participate primarily in the pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's disease, most clinical trials of anti-Aβ antibody therapy have never acquired successful efficacy in human clinical trials, partly because peripheral administration of antibody medications was unable to deliver sufficient amounts of the molecules to the brain. Recently, we developed polymeric nanomicelles capable of passing through the blood-brain barrier that function as chaperones to deliver larger amounts of heavy molecules to the brain. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed antibody 6H4 fragments specific to Aβ oligomers encapsulated in polymeric nanomicelles on the development of Alzheimer's disease pathology in Alzheimer's disease model mice at the age of emergence of early Alzheimer's disease pathology. RESULTS During the 10-week administration of 6H4 antibody fragments in polymeric nanomicelles, a significant reduction in the amounts of various toxic Aβ species, such as Aβ oligomers, toxic Aβ conformers, and pyroglutamated Aβs in the brain was observed. In addition, immunohistochemistry indicated inhibition of diameters of Aβ plaques, Aβ-antibody immunoreactive areas, and also plaque core formation. Behavioral analysis of the mice model revealed that the 6H4 fragments-polymeric nanomicelle group was significantly better at maintaining long-term spatial reference memory in the probe and platform tests of the water maze, thereby indicating inhibition of the pathophysiological process of Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the strategy of reducing toxic Aβ species in early dementia owing to Alzheimer's disease by providing sufficient antibodies in the brain may modify Alzheimer's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Amano
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Wataru Araki
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Yasutaka Anraku
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.493442.c0000 0004 5936 3316Innovation Center of Nano Medicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuro Matsubara
- grid.412334.30000 0001 0665 3553Department of Neurology, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Takami Tomiyama
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nagata
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- grid.493442.c0000 0004 5936 3316Innovation Center of Nano Medicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
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40
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Ribarič S. Detecting Early Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease with Brain Synaptic Structural and Functional Evaluation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020355. [PMID: 36830892 PMCID: PMC9952956 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Early cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's (AD) is associated with quantifiable structural and functional connectivity changes in the brain. AD dysregulation of Aβ and tau metabolism progressively disrupt normal synaptic function, leading to loss of synapses, decreased hippocampal synaptic density and early hippocampal atrophy. Advances in brain imaging techniques in living patients have enabled the transition from clinical signs and symptoms-based AD diagnosis to biomarkers-based diagnosis, with functional brain imaging techniques, quantitative EEG, and body fluids sampling. The hippocampus has a central role in semantic and episodic memory processing. This cognitive function is critically dependent on normal intrahippocampal connections and normal hippocampal functional connectivity with many cortical regions, including the perirhinal and the entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex, association regions in the temporal and parietal lobes, and prefrontal cortex. Therefore, decreased hippocampal synaptic density is reflected in the altered functional connectivity of intrinsic brain networks (aka large-scale networks), including the parietal memory, default mode, and salience networks. This narrative review discusses recent critical issues related to detecting AD-associated early cognitive decline with brain synaptic structural and functional markers in high-risk or neuropsychologically diagnosed patients with subjective cognitive impairment or mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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41
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Lardelli M. An Alternative View of Familial Alzheimer's Disease Genetics. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:13-39. [PMID: 37718800 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Probabilistic and parsimony-based arguments regarding available genetics data are used to propose that Hardy and Higgin's amyloid cascade hypothesis is valid but is commonly interpreted too narrowly to support, incorrectly, the primacy of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in driving Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Instead, increased activity of the βCTF (C99) fragment of AβPP is the critical pathogenic determinant altered by mutations in the APP gene. This model is consistent with the regulation of APP mRNA translation via its 5' iron responsive element. Similar arguments support that the pathological effects of familial Alzheimer's disease mutations in the genes PSEN1 and PSEN2 are not exerted directly via changes in AβPP cleavage to produce different ratios of Aβ length. Rather, these mutations likely act through effects on presenilin holoprotein conformation and function, and possibly the formation and stability of multimers of presenilin holoprotein and/or of the γ-secretase complex. All fAD mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 likely find unity of pathological mechanism in their actions on endolysosomal acidification and mitochondrial function, with detrimental effects on iron homeostasis and promotion of "pseudo-hypoxia" being of central importance. Aβ production is enhanced and distorted by oxidative stress and accumulates due to decreased lysosomal function. It may act as a disease-associated molecular pattern enhancing oxidative stress-driven neuroinflammation during the cognitive phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lardelli
- Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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42
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Tajahmadi S, Molavi H, Ahmadijokani F, Shamloo A, Shojaei A, Sharifzadeh M, Rezakazemi M, Fatehizadeh A, Aminabhavi TM, Arjmand M. Metal-organic frameworks: A promising option for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2023; 353:1-29. [PMID: 36343762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is one of the main characteristic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous clinical investigations have proposed that unusual concentrations of this biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and brain tissue are closely associated with the AD progression. Therefore, the critical point of early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of AD is to monitor the levels of Aβ. In view of the potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for diagnosing and treating the AD, much attention has been focused in recent years. This review discusses the latest advances in the applications of MOFs for the early diagnosis of AD via fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of AD biomarkers, fluorescence detection of the main metal ions in the brain (Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, and Al3+) in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the Aβ plaques. The current challenges and future strategies for translating the in vitro applications of MOFs into in vivo diagnosis of the AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tajahmadi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Molavi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Farhad Ahmadijokani
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.
| | - Akbar Shojaei
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Ali Fatehizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580 031, India; School of Engineering, UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248 007, India.
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada.
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Xia ZD, Ma RX, Wen JF, Zhai YF, Wang YQ, Wang FY, Liu D, Zhao XL, Sun B, Jia P, Zheng XH. Pathogenesis, Animal Models, and Drug Discovery of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1265-1301. [PMID: 37424469 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease induced by multiple factors. The high incidence and the aging of the global population make it a growing global health concern with huge implications for individuals and society. The clinical manifestations are progressive cognitive dysfunction and lack of behavioral ability, which not only seriously affect the health and quality of life of the elderly, but also bring a heavy burden to the family and society. Unfortunately, almost all the drugs targeting the classical pathogenesis have not achieved satisfactory clinical effects in the past two decades. Therefore, the present review provides more novel ideas on the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, including classical pathogenesis and a variety of possible pathogenesis that have been proposed in recent years. It will be helpful to find out the key target and the effect pathway of potential drugs and mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of AD. In addition, the common animal models in AD research are outlined and we examine their prospect for the future. Finally, Phase I, II, III, and IV randomized clinical trials or on the market of drugs for AD treatment were searched in online databases (Drug Bank Online 5.0, the U.S. National Library of Medicine, and Alzforum). Therefore, this review may also provide useful information in the research and development of new AD-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Di Xia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ruo-Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Pu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
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Kobro-Flatmoen A, Battistin C, Nair RR, Bjorkli C, Skender B, Kentros C, Gouras G, Witter MP. Lowering levels of reelin in entorhinal cortex layer II-neurons results in lowered levels of intracellular amyloid-β. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad115. [PMID: 37091586 PMCID: PMC10120433 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Projection neurons in the anteriolateral part of entorhinal cortex layer II are the predominant cortical site for hyper-phosphorylation of tau and formation of neurofibrillary tangles in prodromal Alzheimer's disease. A majority of layer II projection neurons in anteriolateral entorhinal cortex are unique among cortical excitatory neurons by expressing the protein reelin. In prodromal Alzheimer's disease, these reelin-expressing neurons are prone to accumulate intracellular amyloid-β, which is mimicked in a rat model that replicates the spatio-temporal cascade of the disease. Two important findings in relation to this are that reelin-signalling downregulates tau phosphorylation, and that oligomeric amyloid-β interferes with reelin-signalling. Taking advantage of this rat model, we used proximity ligation assay to assess whether reelin and intracellular amyloid-β directly interact during early, pre-plaque stages in anteriolateral entorhinal cortex layer II reelin-expressing neurons. We next made a viral vector delivering micro-RNA against reelin, along with a control vector, and infected reelin-expressing anteriolateral entorhinal cortex layer II-neurons to test whether reelin levels affect levels of intracellular amyloid-β and/or amyloid precursor protein. We analysed 25.548 neurons from 24 animals, which results in three important findings. First, in reelin-expressing anteriolateral entorhinal cortex layer II-neurons, reelin and intracellular amyloid-β engage in a direct protein-protein interaction. Second, injecting micro-RNA against reelin lowers reelin levels in these neurons, amounting to an effect size of 1.3-4.5 (Bayesian estimation of Cohen's d effect size, 95% credible interval). This causes a concomitant reduction of intracellular amyloid-β ranging across three levels of aggregation, including a reduction of Aβ42 monomers/dimers amounting to an effect size of 0.5-3.1, a reduction of Aβ prefibrils amounting to an effect size of 1.1-3.5 and a reduction of protofibrils amounting to an effect size of 0.05-2.1. Analysing these data using Bayesian estimation of mutual information furthermore reveals that levels of amyloid-β are dependent on levels of reelin. Third, the reduction of intracellular amyloid-β occurs without any substantial associated changes in levels of amyloid precursor protein. We conclude that reelin and amyloid-β directly interact at the intracellular level in the uniquely reelin-expressing projection neurons in anteriolateral entorhinal cortex layer II, where levels of amyloid-β are dependent on levels of reelin. Since amyloid-β is known to impair reelin-signalling causing upregulated phosphorylation of tau, our findings are likely relevant to the vulnerability for neurofibrillary tangle-formation of this entorhinal neuronal population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Battistin
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience MTFS, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7489, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rajeevkumar Raveendran Nair
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience MTFS, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7489, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christiana Bjorkli
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience MTFS, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7489, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Belma Skender
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience MTFS, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7489, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cliff Kentros
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience MTFS, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7489, Trondheim, Norway
- Mohn Research Center for the Brain, NTNU, 7489, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 97401, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Gunnar Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Menno P Witter
- Correspondence to: Menno P. Witter Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience MTFS, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7489, Trondheim, Norway 7030 Trondheim, Norway E-mail:
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45
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Bhatt S, Dhar AK, Samanta MK, Suttee A. Effects of Current Psychotropic Drugs on Inflammation and Immune System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:407-434. [PMID: 36949320 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The immune system and inflammation are involved in the pathological progression of various psychiatric disorders such as depression or major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or anxiety, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease. It is observed that levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and other markers are highly increased in the abovementioned disorders. The inflammation and immune component also lead to enhance the oxidative stress. The oxidative stress and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered as important factors that are involved in pathological progression of psychiatric disorders. Increase production of ROS is associated with excessive inflammation followed by cell necrosis and death. The psychotropic drugs are mainly work through modulations of neurotransmitter system. However, it is evident that inflammation and immune modulation are also having important role in the progression of psychiatric disorders. Rationale of the use of current psychotropic drugs is modulation of immune system by them. However, the effects of psychotropic drugs on the immune system and how these might contribute to their efficacy remain largely unclear. The drugs may act through modification of inflammation and related markers. The main purpose of this book chapter is to address the role of current psychotropic drugs on inflammation and immune system. Moreover, it will also address the role of inflammation in the progression of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shvetank Bhatt
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, India
| | | | | | - Ashish Suttee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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46
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Stopschinski BE, Weideman RA, McMahan D, Jacob DA, Little BB, Chiang HS, Saez Calveras N, Stuve O. Microglia as a cellular target of diclofenac therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2023; 16:17562864231156674. [PMID: 36875711 PMCID: PMC9974624 DOI: 10.1177/17562864231156674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an untreatable cause of dementia, and new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. AD pathology is defined by extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Research of the past decades has suggested that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of AD. This has led to the idea that anti-inflammatory treatments might be beneficial. Early studies investigated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as indomethacin, celecoxib, ibuprofen, and naproxen, which had no benefit. More recently, protective effects of diclofenac and NSAIDs in the fenamate group have been reported. Diclofenac decreased the frequency of AD significantly compared to other NSAIDs in a large retrospective cohort study. Diclofenac and fenamates share similar chemical structures, and evidence from cell and mouse models suggests that they inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory mediators from microglia with leads to the reduction of AD pathology. Here, we review the potential role of diclofenac and NSAIDs in the fenamate group for targeting AD pathology with a focus on its potential effects on microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Stopschinski
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Danni McMahan
- Pharmacy Service, Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David A Jacob
- Veterans Integrated Service Network 17, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Bertis B Little
- School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hsueh-Sheng Chiang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nil Saez Calveras
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Neurology Section, Dallas VA Medical Center, 4500 South Lancaster Road, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
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47
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Sandberg A, Berenjeno-Correa E, Rodriguez RC, Axenhus M, Weiss SS, Batenburg K, Hoozemans JJM, Tjernberg LO, Scheper W. Aβ42 oligomer-specific antibody ALZ-201 reduces the neurotoxicity of Alzheimer's disease brain extracts. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:196. [PMID: 36578089 PMCID: PMC9798723 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ42) neurotoxicity stems mostly from its soluble oligomeric aggregates. Studies of such aggregates have been hampered by the lack of oligomer-specific research tools and their intrinsic instability and heterogeneity. Here, we developed a monoclonal antibody with a unique oligomer-specific binding profile (ALZ-201) using oligomer-stabilising technology. Subsequently, we assessed the etiological relevance of the Aβ targeted by ALZ-201 on physiologically derived, toxic Aβ using extracts from post-mortem brains of AD patients and controls in primary mouse neuron cultures. METHODS Mice were immunised with stable oligomers derived from the Aβ42 peptide with A21C/A30C mutations (AβCC), and ALZ-201 was developed using hybridoma technology. Specificity for the oligomeric form of the Aβ42CC antigen and Aβ42 was confirmed using ELISA, and non-reactivity against plaques by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The antibody's potential for cross-protective activity against pathological Aβ was evaluated in brain tissue samples from 10 individuals confirmed as AD (n=7) and non-AD (n=3) with IHC staining for Aβ and phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) aggregates. Brain extracts were prepared and immunodepleted using the positive control 4G8 antibody, ALZ-201 or an isotype control to ALZ-201. Fractions were biochemically characterised, and toxicity assays were performed in primary mouse neuronal cultures using automated high-content microscopy. RESULTS AD brain extracts proved to be more toxic than controls as demonstrated by neuronal loss and morphological determinants (e.g. synapse density and measures of neurite complexity). Immunodepletion using 4G8 reduced Aβ levels in both AD and control samples compared to ALZ-201 or the isotype control, which showed no significant difference. Importantly, despite the differential effect on the total Aβ content, the neuroprotective effects of 4G8 and ALZ-201 immunodepletion were similar, whereas the isotype control showed no effect. CONCLUSIONS ALZ-201 depletes a toxic species in post-mortem AD brain extracts causing a positive physiological and protective impact on the integrity and morphology of mouse neurons. Its unique specificity indicates that a low-abundant, soluble Aβ42 oligomer may account for much of the neurotoxicity in AD. This critical attribute identifies the potential of ALZ-201 as a novel drug candidate for achieving a true, clinical therapeutic effect in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Sandberg
- grid.451585.8Alzinova AB, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ernesto Berenjeno-Correa
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rosa Crespo Rodriguez
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Neurochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Axenhus
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Schedin Weiss
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin Batenburg
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. M. Hoozemans
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lars O. Tjernberg
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wiep Scheper
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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48
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Mahakud AK, Shaikh J, Rifa Iqbal VV, Gupta A, Tiwari A, Saleem M. Amyloids on Membrane Interfaces: Implications for Neurodegeneration. J Membr Biol 2022; 255:705-722. [PMID: 35670831 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane interfaces are vital for various cellular processes, and their involvement in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease has taken precedence in recent years. The amyloidogenic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases interact with the neuronal membrane through various means, which has implications for both the onset and progression of the disease. The parameters that regulate the interaction between the membrane and the amyloids remain poorly understood. The review focuses on the various aspects of membrane interactions of amyloids, particularly amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and Tau involved in Alzheimer's and α-synuclein involved in Parkinson's disease. The genetic, cell biological, biochemical, and biophysical studies that form the basis for our current understanding of the membrane interactions of Aβ peptides, Tau, and α-synuclein are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh Kumar Mahakud
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Jafarulla Shaikh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - V V Rifa Iqbal
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhinav Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Anuj Tiwari
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Mohammed Saleem
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
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49
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Li N, Deng M, Hu G, Li N, Yuan H, Zhou Y. New Insights into Microglial Mechanisms of Memory Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1722. [PMID: 36421736 PMCID: PMC9687453 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive and irreversible neurodegeneration characterized by the impairment of memory and cognition. Despite years of studies, no effective treatment and prevention strategies are available yet. Identifying new AD therapeutic targets is crucial for better elucidating the pathogenesis and establishing a valid treatment of AD. Growing evidence suggests that microglia play a critical role in AD. Microglia are resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), and their core properties supporting main biological functions include surveillance, phagocytosis, and the release of soluble factors. Activated microglia not only directly mediate the central immune response, but also participate in the pathological changes of AD, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein phosphorylation, synaptic dissection, neuron loss, memory function decline, etc. Based on these recent findings, we provide a new framework to summarize the role of microglia in AD memory impairment. This evidence suggests that microglia have the potential to become new targets for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao 266555, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingru Deng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Gonghui Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Haicheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Brain Sciences and Related Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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50
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Jin SX, Liu L, Li S, Meunier AL, Selkoe DJ. Aβ oligomers from human brain impair mossy fiber LTP in CA3 of hippocampus, but activating cAMP-PKA and cGMP-PKG prevents this. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105816. [PMID: 35820646 PMCID: PMC9809147 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease may result in part from synaptic dysfunction caused by the accumulation oligomeric assemblies of amyloid β-protein (Aβ). Changes in hippocampal function seem critical for cognitive impairment in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diffusible oligomers of Aβ (oAβ) have been shown to block canonical long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 area of hippocampus, but whether there is also a direct effect of oAβ on synaptic transmission and plasticity at synapses between mossy fibers (axons) from the dentate gyrus granule cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons (mf-CA3 synapses) is unknown. Studies in APP transgenic mice have suggested an age-dependent impairment of mossy fiber LTP. Here we report that although endogenous AD brain-derived soluble oAβ had no effect on mossy-fiber basal transmission, it strongly impaired paired-pulse facilitation in the mossy fiber pathway and presynaptic mossy fiber LTP (mf-LTP). Selective activation of both β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors and their downstream cAMP/PKA signaling pathway prevented oAβ-mediated inhibition of mf-LTP. Unexpectedly, activation of the cGMP/PKG signaling pathway also prevented oAβ-impaired mf-LTP. Our results reveal certain specific pharmacological targets to ameliorate human oAβ-mediated impairment at the mf-CA3 synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dennis J. Selkoe
- Corresponding author at: Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Rm 10002Q, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America. (D.J. Selkoe)
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