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Tomé SO, Gawor K, Thal DR. LATE-NC in Alzheimer's disease: Molecular aspects and synergies. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13213. [PMID: 37793659 PMCID: PMC11189776 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is classically characterized by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). However, multiple copathologies can be observed in the AD brain and contribute to the development of cognitive decline. Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathological changes (LATE-NC) accumulates in the majority of AD cases and leads to more severe cognitive decline compared with AD pathology alone. In this review, we focus on the synergistic relationship between LATE-NC and tau in AD, highlighting the aggravating role of TDP-43 aggregates on tau pathogenesis and its impact on the clinical picture and therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we discuss to what extent the molecular patterns of LATE-NC in AD differ from frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP) neuropathological changes. Thus, we highlight the importance of tau and TDP-43 synergies for subtyping AD patients, which may respond differently to therapeutic interventions depending on the presence of comorbid LATE-NC.
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Grants
- 10810 Alzheimer Forschung Initiative (Germany)
- 13803 Alzheimer Forschung Initiative (Germany)
- 22-AAIIA-963171 Alzheimer's Association (USA)
- A2022019F BrightFocus Foundation (USA)
- TH-624-4-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany)
- 4-2 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany)
- 6-1 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany)
- G065721N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO, Belgium)
- G0F8516N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO, Belgium)
- 2020/017 Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek (SAO/FRA, Belgium)
- C3/20/057 Onderzoeksraad, KU Leuven (Belgium)
- PDMT2/21/069 Onderzoeksraad, KU Leuven (Belgium)
- IWT 135043 Vlaamse Impulsfinanciering voor Netwerken voor Dementie-onderzoek (Belgium)
- Alzheimer Forschung Initiative (Germany)
- Alzheimer's Association (USA)
- BrightFocus Foundation (USA)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, Germany)
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO, Belgium)
- Onderzoeksraad, KU Leuven (Belgium)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra O. Tomé
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Klara Gawor
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain InstituteKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of PathologyUniversity Hospitals of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Thal DR, Gawor K, Moonen S. Regulated cell death and its role in Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:69. [PMID: 38583129 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite considerable research efforts, it is still not clear which mechanisms underlie neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. During the last 20 years, multiple pathways have been identified that can execute regulated cell death (RCD). Among these RCD pathways, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy-related cell death, and lysosome-dependent cell death have been intensively investigated. Although RCD consists of numerous individual pathways, multiple common proteins have been identified that allow shifting from one cell death pathway to another. Another layer of complexity is added by mechanisms such as the endosomal machinery, able to regulate the activation of some RCD pathways, preventing cell death. In addition, restricted axonal degeneration and synaptic pruning can occur as a result of RCD activation without loss of the cell body. RCD plays a complex role in neurodegenerative processes, varying across different disorders. It has been shown that RCD is differentially involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among the most common neurodegenerative diseases. In AD, neuronal loss is associated with the activation of not only necroptosis, but also pyroptosis. In ALS, on the other hand, motor neuron death is not linked to canonical necroptosis, whereas pyroptosis pathway activation is seen in white matter microglia. Despite these differences in the activation of RCD pathways in AD and ALS, the accumulation of protein aggregates immunoreactive for p62/SQSTM1 (sequestosome 1) is a common event in both diseases and many other neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we describe the major RCD pathways with clear activation in AD and ALS, the main interactions between these pathways, as well as their differential and similar involvement in these disorders. Finally, we will discuss targeting RCD as an innovative therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and ALS. Considering that the execution of RCD or "cellular suicide" represents the final stage in neurodegeneration, it seems crucial to prevent neuronal death in patients by targeting RCD. This would offer valuable time to address upstream events in the pathological cascade by keeping the neurons alive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU-Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Klara Gawor
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU-Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Moonen
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU-Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
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Zhang S, Zhong J, Xu L, Wu Y, Xu J, Shi J, Gu Z, Li X, Jin N. Truncated Dyrk1A aggravates neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14493. [PMID: 37864462 PMCID: PMC11017436 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Aggravated neuronal loss, caused mainly by neuronal apoptosis, is observed in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and animal models of AD. A truncated form of Dual-specific and tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) plays a vital role in AD pathogenesis. Downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL is tightly correlated with neuronal loss in AD. However, the molecular regulation of neuronal apoptosis and Bcl-x expression by Dyrk1A in AD remains largely elusive. Here, we aimed to explore the role and molecular mechanism of Dyrk1A in apoptosis. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry, and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) were used to check apoptosis. The cells, transfected with Dyrk1A or/and ASF with Bcl-x minigene, were used to assay Bcl-x expression by RT-PCR and Western blots. Co-immunoprecipitation, autoradiography, and immunofluorescence were conducted to check the interaction of ASF and Dyrk1A. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of apoptosis-related genes was performed in mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (TgDyrk1A) and AD model 5xFAD mice. RESULTS Dyrk1A promoted Bcl-xS expression and apoptosis. Splicing factor ASF promoted Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion, leading to increased Bcl-xL expression. Dyrk1A suppressed ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion via phosphorylation. The C-terminus deletion of Dyrk1A facilitated its binding and kinase activity to ASF. Moreover, Dyrk1a1-483 further suppressed the ASF-mediated Bcl-x exon 2b inclusion and aggravated apoptosis. The truncated Dyrk1A, increased Bcl-xS, and enrichment of apoptosis-related genes was observed in the brain of 5xFAD mice. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that increased Dyrk1A and truncated Dyrk1A may aggravate neuronal apoptosis by decreasing the ratio of Bcl-xL/Bcl-xS via phosphorylating ASF in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Zhang
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Junjie Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University Huashan HospitalShanghai Medical College‐Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Lian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Zhikai Gu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life SciencesHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Nana Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Institute for translational neuroscienceThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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Li L, Jin M, Tan J, Xiao B. NcRNAs: A synergistically antiapoptosis therapeutic tool in Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14476. [PMID: 37735992 PMCID: PMC11017435 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this review is to systematically summarize and analyze the noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), in the cell apoptosis among Alzheimer's disease (AD) in recent years to demonstrate their value in the diagnosis and treatment of AD. METHODS We systematically summarized in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on the ncRNAs in the regulation of cell apoptosis among AD in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. RESULTS We discover three patterns of ncRNAs (including 'miRNA-mRNA', 'lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA', and 'circRNA-miRNA-mRNA') form the ncRNA-based regulatory networks in regulating cell apoptosis in AD. CONCLUSIONS This review provides a future diagnosis and treatment strategy for AD patients based on ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxian Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive NeuroscienceGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Mingyue Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive NeuroscienceGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Jie Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive NeuroscienceGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Bo Xiao
- Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive NeuroscienceGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseasesEducation Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionGuilinChina
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Homma H, Tanaka H, Fujita K, Okazawa H. Necrosis Links Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3636. [PMID: 38612448 PMCID: PMC11012149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative disease remain incompletely understood, although recent studies have made significant advances. Apoptosis was previously considered to be the only mechanism of neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. However, recent findings have challenged this dogma, identifying new subtypes of necrotic neuronal cell death. The present review provides an updated summary of necrosis subtypes and discusses their potential roles in neurodegenerative cell death. Among numerous necrosis subtypes, including necroptosis, paraptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis, transcriptional repression-induced atypical cell death (TRIAD) has been identified as a potential mechanism of neuronal cell death. TRIAD is induced by functional deficiency of TEAD-YAP and self-amplifies via the release of HMGB1. TRIAD is a feasible potential mechanism of neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to induction of cell death, HMGB1 released during TRIAD activates brain inflammatory responses, which is a potential link between neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hitoshi Okazawa
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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6
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Mishra E, Thakur MK. Mdivi-1 Rescues Memory Decline in Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Male Mice by Ameliorating Mitochondrial Dynamics and Hippocampal Plasticity. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5426-5449. [PMID: 37314656 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Memory loss, often known as amnesia, is common in the elderly population and refers to forgetting facts and experiences. It is associated with increased mitochondrial fragmentation, though the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics in amnesia is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study is aimed at elucidating the role of Mdivi-1 in mitochondrial dynamics, hippocampal plasticity, and memory during scopolamine (SC)-induced amnesia. The findings imply that Mdivi-1 significantly increased the expression of Arc and BDNF proteins in the hippocampus of SC-induced amnesic mice, validating improved recognition and spatial memory. Moreover, an improved mitochondrial ultrastructure was attributed to a decline in the percentage of fragmented and spherical-shaped mitochondria after Mdivi-1 treatment in SC-induced mice. The significant downregulation of p-Drp1 (S616) protein and upregulation of Mfn2, LC3BI, and LC3BII proteins in Mdivi-1-treated SC-induced mice indicated a decline in fragmented mitochondrial number and healthy mitochondrial dynamics. Mdivi-1 treatment alleviated ROS production and Caspase-3 activity and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, Vdac1 expression, ATP production, and myelination, resulting in reduced neurodegeneration in SC mice. Furthermore, the decline of pro-apoptotic protein cytochrome-c and increase of anti-apoptotic proteins Procaspase-9 and Bcl-2 in Mdivi-1-treated SC-induced mice suggested improved neuronal health. Mdivi-1 also increased the dendritic arborization and spine density, which was further corroborated by increased expression of synaptophysin and PSD95. In conclusion, the current study suggests that Mdivi-1 treatment improves mitochondrial ultrastructure and function through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. These changes further improve neuronal cell density, myelination, dendritic arborization, and spine density, decrease neurodegeneration, and improve recognition and spatial memory. Schematic presentation depicts that Mdivi-1 rescues memory decline in scopolamine-induced amnesic male mice by ameliorating mitochondrial dynamics and hippocampal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
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7
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Jorge-Oliva M, van Weering JRT, Scheper W. Structurally and Morphologically Distinct Pathological Tau Assemblies Differentially Affect GVB Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10865. [PMID: 37446051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau aggregation is central to the pathogenesis of a large group of neurodegenerative diseases termed tauopathies, but it is still unclear in which way neurons respond to tau pathology and how tau accumulation leads to neurodegeneration. A striking neuron-specific response to tau pathology is presented by granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs), lysosomal structures that accumulate specific cargo in a dense core. Here we employed different tau aggregation models in primary neurons to investigate which properties of pathological tau assemblies affect GVB accumulation using a combination of confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and quantitative automated high-content microscopy. Employing GFP-tagged and untagged tau variants that spontaneously form intraneuronal aggregates, we induced pathological tau assemblies with a distinct subcellular localization, morphology, and ultrastructure depending on the presence or absence of the GFP tag. The quantification of the GVB load in the different models showed that an increased GVB accumulation is associated with the untagged tau aggregation model, characterized by shorter and more randomly distributed tau filaments in the neuronal soma. Our data indicate that tau aggregate structure and/or subcellular localization may be key determinants of GVB accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jorge-Oliva
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience-Neurodegeneration, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan R T van Weering
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience-Neurodegeneration, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience-Neurodegeneration, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiep Scheper
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience-Neurodegeneration, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Neuroscience-Neurodegeneration, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Mendivil-Perez M, Velez-Pardo C, Lopera F, Kosik KS, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. PSEN1 E280A Cholinergic-like Neurons and Cerebral Spheroids Derived from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Are Neuropathologically Equivalent. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8957. [PMID: 37240306 PMCID: PMC10218810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurological condition characterized by the severe loss of cholinergic neurons. Currently, the incomplete understanding of the loss of neurons has prevented curative treatments for familial AD (FAD). Therefore, modeling FAD in vitro is essential for studying cholinergic vulnerability. Moreover, to expedite the discovery of disease-modifying therapies that delay the onset and slow the progression of AD, we depend on trustworthy disease models. Although highly informative, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)-derived cholinergic neurons (ChNs) are time-consuming, not cost-effective, and labor-intensive. Other sources for AD modeling are urgently needed. Wild-type and presenilin (PSEN)1 p.E280A fibroblast-derived iPSCs, menstrual blood-derived menstrual stromal cells (MenSCs), and umbilical cord-derived Wharton Jelly's mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) were cultured in Cholinergic-N-Run and Fast-N-Spheres V2 medium to obtain WT and PSEN 1 E280A cholinergic-like neurons (ChLNs, 2D) and cerebroid spheroids (CSs, 3D), respectively, and to evaluate whether ChLNs/CSs can reproduce FAD pathology. We found that irrespective of tissue source, ChLNs/CSs successfully recapitulated the AD phenotype. PSEN 1 E280A ChLNs/CSs show accumulation of iAPPβ fragments, produce eAβ42, present TAU phosphorylation, display OS markers (e.g., oxDJ-1, p-JUN), show loss of ΔΨm, exhibit cell death markers (e.g., TP53, PUMA, CASP3), and demonstrate dysfunctional Ca2+ influx response to ACh stimuli. However, PSEN 1 E280A 2D and 3D cells derived from MenSCs and WJ-MSCs can reproduce FAD neuropathology more efficiently and faster (11 days) than ChLNs derived from mutant iPSCs (35 days). Mechanistically, MenSCs and WJ-MSCs are equivalent cell types to iPSCs for reproducing FAD in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mendivil-Perez
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Calle 62#52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (M.M.-P.); (C.V.-P.); (F.L.)
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Calle 62#52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (M.M.-P.); (C.V.-P.); (F.L.)
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Calle 62#52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (M.M.-P.); (C.V.-P.); (F.L.)
| | - Kenneth S. Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Calle 62#52-59, Building 1, Room 412, SIU, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (M.M.-P.); (C.V.-P.); (F.L.)
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Zhong L, Qin Y, Liu M, Sun J, Tang H, Zeng Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Liang G, Zhao X. Magnoflorine improves cognitive deficits and pathology of Alzheimer's disease via inhibiting of JNK signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154714. [PMID: 36812746 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficit is the main clinical feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the massive death of neuronal cells is the leading cause of cognitive deficits. So, there is an urgent clinical need to discover effective drugs to protect brain neurons from damage in order to treat AD. Naturally-derived compounds have always been an important source of new drug discovery because of their diverse pharmacological activities, reliable efficacy and low toxicity. Magnoflorine is a quaternary aporphine alkaloid, which naturally exist in some commonly used herbal medicines, and has good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, magnoflorine has not been reported in AD. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of magnoflorine on AD. METHODS Neuronal damage was detected by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blotting. Oxidative stress was measured by detection of SOD and MDA, as well as JC-1 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining. The APP/PS1 mice were given drugs by intraperitoneal injection (I.P.) every day for one month, and then the new object recognition and Morris water maze were used to detect the cognitive ability of the mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that magnoflorine reduced Aβ-induced PC12 cell apoptosis and intracellular ROS generation. Further studies found that magnoflorine significantly improved cognitive deficits and AD-type pathology. Most interestingly, the efficacy of magnoflorine was better than that of the clinical control drug donepezil. Mechanistically, based on RNA-sequencing analysis, we found that magnoflorine significantly inhibited phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in AD models. This result was further validated using a JNK inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that magnoflorine improves cognitive deficits and pathology of AD through inhibiting of JNK signaling pathway. Thus, magnoflorine may be a potential therapeutic candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Yuankai Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Jinfeng Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Yuqing Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, Zhejiang 321399, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, Zhejiang 321399, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China; Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, Zhejiang 321399, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China; Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, Zhejiang 321399, China.
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10
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Moonen S, Koper MJ, Van Schoor E, Schaeverbeke JM, Vandenberghe R, von Arnim CAF, Tousseyn T, De Strooper B, Thal DR. Pyroptosis in Alzheimer's disease: cell type-specific activation in microglia, astrocytes and neurons. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:175-195. [PMID: 36481964 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The major neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), accompanied by neuroinflammation and neuronal loss. Increasing evidence is emerging for the activation of the canonical NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in AD. However, the mechanisms leading to neuronal loss in AD and the involvement of glial cells in these processes are still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory mechanism of cell death downstream of the inflammasome, to neurodegeneration in AD. Immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis of protein levels were performed on human post-mortem brain tissue. We investigated the presence of cleaved gasdermin D (GSDMD), the pyroptosis effector protein, as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome-forming proteins, in the medial temporal lobe of 23 symptomatic AD, 25 pathologically defined preclinical AD (p-preAD) and 21 non-demented control cases. Cleaved GSDMD was detected in microglia, but also in astrocytes and in few pyramidal neurons in the first sector of the cornu ammonis (CA1) of the hippocampus and the temporal cortex of Brodmann area 36. Only microglia expressed all NLRP3 inflammasome-forming proteins (i.e., ASC, NLRP3, caspase-1). Cleaved GSDMD-positive astrocytes and neurons exhibited caspase-8 and non-canonical inflammasome protein caspase-4, respectively, potentially indicating alternative pathways for GSDMD cleavage. Brains of AD patients exhibited increased numbers of cleaved GSDMD-positive cells. Cleaved GSDMD-positive microglia and astrocytes were found in close proximity to Aβ plaques, while cleaved GSDMD-positive neurons were devoid of NFTs. In CA1, NLRP3-positive microglia and cleaved GSDMD-positive neurons were associated with local neuronal loss, indicating a possible contribution of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis activation to AD-related neurodegeneration. Taken together, our results suggest cell type-specific activation of pyroptosis in AD and extend the current knowledge about the contribution of neuroinflammation to the neurodegenerative process in AD via a direct link to neuron death by pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Moonen
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), O&N IV Herestraat 49, Bus 1032, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium. .,Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marta J Koper
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), O&N IV Herestraat 49, Bus 1032, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Schoor
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), O&N IV Herestraat 49, Bus 1032, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien M Schaeverbeke
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), O&N IV Herestraat 49, Bus 1032, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine A F von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven (University of Leuven), O&N IV Herestraat 49, Bus 1032, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Khezri MR, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. The Role of Caspases in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathophysiology Implications and Pharmacologic Modulation. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:71-90. [PMID: 36442198 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Although the main cause of the onset and development of AD is not known yet, neuronal death due to pathologic changes such as amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and calcium dyshomeostasis are considered to be the main cause. At the present, there is no cure for this insidious disorder. However, accurate identification of molecular changes in AD can help provide new therapeutic goals. Caspases are a group of proteases which are known because of their role in cellular apoptosis. In addition, different caspases are involved in other cellular responses to the environment, such as induction of inflammation. Emerging evidence suggest that these proteases play a central role in AD pathophysiology due to their role in the processing of amyloid-β protein precursor, tau cleavage, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, it seems that targeting caspases may be a suitable therapeutic option to slow the progression of AD. This review focuses on the role of caspases in AD pathophysiology and introduce results from studies targeted caspases in different models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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12
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Jorge-Oliva M, Smits JFM, Wiersma VI, Hoozemans JJM, Scheper W. Granulovacuolar degeneration bodies are independently induced by tau and α-synuclein pathology. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:187. [PMID: 36517915 PMCID: PMC9749177 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs) are intracellular vesicular structures that commonly accompany pathological tau accumulations in neurons of patients with tauopathies. Recently, we developed the first model for GVBs in primary neurons, that requires exogenous tau seeds to elicit tau aggregation. This model allowed the identification of GVBs as proteolytically active lysosomes induced by tau pathology. GVBs selectively accumulate cargo in a dense core, that shows differential and inconsistent immunopositivity for (phosphorylated) tau epitopes. Despite the strong evidence connecting GVBs to tau pathology, these structures have been reported in neurons without apparent pathology in brain tissue of tauopathy patients. Additionally, GVBs and putative GVBs have also been reported in the brain of patients with non-tau proteinopathies. Here, we investigated the connection between pathological protein assemblies and GVBs in more detail. METHODS This study combined newly developed primary neuron models for tau and α-synuclein pathology with observations in human brain tissue from tauopathy and Parkinson's disease patients. Immunolabeling and imaging techniques were employed for extensive characterisation of pathological proteins and GVBs. Quantitative data were obtained by high-content automated microscopy as well as single-cell analysis of confocal images. RESULTS Employing a novel seed-independent neuronal tau/GVB model, we show that in the context of tauopathy, GVBs are inseparably associated with the presence of cytosolic pathological tau and that intracellular tau aggregation precedes GVB formation, strengthening the causal relationship between pathological accumulation of tau and GVBs. We also report that GVBs are inseparably associated with pathological tau at the single-cell level in the hippocampus of tauopathy patients. Paradoxically, we demonstrate the presence of GVBs in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients and in a primary neuron model for α-synuclein pathology. GVBs in this newly developed α-synuclein/GVB model are induced in the absence of cytosolic pathological tau accumulations. GVBs in the context of tau or α-synuclein pathology showed similar immunoreactivity for different phosphorylated tau epitopes. The phosphorylated tau immunoreactivity signature of GVBs is therefore independent of the presence of cytosolic tau pathology. CONCLUSION Our data identify the emergence of GVBs as a more generalised response to cytosolic protein pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jorge-Oliva
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper F. M. Smits
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vera I. Wiersma
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J. M. Hoozemans
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiep Scheper
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.484519.5Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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The central role of tau in Alzheimer’s disease: From neurofibrillary tangle maturation to the induction of cell death. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:204-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Greene AN, Solomon MB, Privette Vinnedge LM. Novel molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease: The potential role of DEK in disease pathogenesis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1018180. [PMID: 36275000 PMCID: PMC9582447 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1018180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease and age-related dementias (AD/ADRD) are debilitating diseases that exact a significant physical, emotional, cognitive, and financial toll on the individual and their social network. While genetic risk factors for early-onset AD have been identified, the molecular and genetic drivers of late-onset AD, the most common subtype, remain a mystery. Current treatment options are limited for the 35 million people in the United States with AD/ADRD. Thus, it is critically important to identify novel molecular mechanisms of dementia-related pathology that may be targets for the development of new interventions. Here, we summarize the overarching concepts regarding AD/ADRD pathogenesis. Then, we highlight one potential molecular driver of AD/ADRD, the chromatin remodeling protein DEK. We discuss in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo findings, from our group and others, that link DEK loss with the cellular, molecular, and behavioral signatures of AD/ADRD. These include associations between DEK loss and cellular and molecular hallmarks of AD/ADRD, including apoptosis, Tau expression, and Tau hyperphosphorylation. We also briefly discuss work that suggests sex-specific differences in the role of DEK in AD/ADRD pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss future directions for exploiting the DEK protein as a novel player and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD/ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie N. Greene
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matia B. Solomon
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lisa M. Privette Vinnedge
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Lisa M. Privette Vinnedge,
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15
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Goel P, Chakrabarti S, Goel K, Bhutani K, Chopra T, Bali S. Neuronal cell death mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease: An insight. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:937133. [PMID: 36090249 PMCID: PMC9454331 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.937133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is an ordered and tightly orchestrated set of changes/signaling events in both gene expression and protein activity and is responsible for normal development as well as maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Aberrant activation of this pathway results in cell death by various mechanisms including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy-dependent cell death. Such pathological changes in neurons alone or in combination have been observed in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathological hallmarks of AD focus primarily on the accumulation of two main protein markers: amyloid β peptides and abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins. These protein aggregates result in the formation of A-β plaques and neuro-fibrillary tangles (NFTs) and induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration over years to decades leading to a multitude of cognitive and behavioral deficits. Autopsy findings of AD reveal massive neuronal death manifested in the form of cortical volume shrinkage, reduction in sizes of gyri to up to 50% and an increase in the sizes of sulci. Multiple forms of cell death have been recorded in neurons from different studies conducted so far. However, understanding the mechanism/s of neuronal cell death in AD patients remains a mystery as the trigger that results in aberrant activation of RCD is unknown and because of the limited availability of dying neurons. This review attempts to elucidate the process of Regulated cell death, how it gets unregulated in response to different intra and extracellular stressors, various forms of unregulated cell death, their interplay and their role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease in both human and experimental models of AD. Further we plan to explore the correlation of both amyloid-beta and Tau with neuronal loss as seen in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Goel
- Department of Biochemistry, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College Chhainsa, Faridabad, India
| | - Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, India
| | - Kapil Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Karanpreet Bhutani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, India
| | - Tanya Chopra
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, India
| | - Sharadendu Bali
- Department of Surgery, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, India
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16
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Jiang J, Yang C, Ai JQ, Zhang QL, Cai XL, Tu T, Wan L, Wang XS, Wang H, Pan A, Manavis J, Gai WP, Che C, Tu E, Wang XP, Li ZY, Yan XX. Intraneuronal sortilin aggregation relative to granulovacuolar degeneration, tau pathogenesis and sorfra plaque formation in human hippocampal formation. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:926904. [PMID: 35978952 PMCID: PMC9376392 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.926904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and intraneuronal phosphorylated-tau (pTau) accumulation are the hallmark lesions of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, “sorfra” plaques, named for the extracellular deposition of sortilin c-terminal fragments, are reported as a new AD-related proteopathy, which develop in the human cerebrum resembling the spatiotemporal trajectory of tauopathy. Here, we identified intraneuronal sortilin aggregation as a change related to the development of granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD), tauopathy, and sorfra plaques in the human hippocampal formation. Intraneuronal sortilin aggregation occurred as cytoplasmic inclusions among the pyramidal neurons, co-labeled by antibodies to the extracellular domain and intracellular C-terminal of sortilin. They existed infrequently in the brains of adults, while their density as quantified in the subiculum/CA1 areas increased in the brains from elderly lacking Aβ/pTau, with pTau (i.e., primary age-related tauopathy, PART cases), and with Aβ/pTau (probably/definitive AD, pAD/AD cases) pathologies. In PART and pAD/AD cases, the intraneuronal sortilin aggregates colocalized partially with various GVD markers including casein kinase 1 delta (Ck1δ) and charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B). Single-cell densitometry established an inverse correlation between sortilin immunoreactivity and that of Ck1δ, CHMP2B, p62, and pTau among pyramidal neurons. In pAD/AD cases, the sortilin aggregates were reduced in density as moving from the subiculum to CA subregions, wherein sorfra plaques became fewer and absent. Taken together, we consider intraneuronal sortilin aggregation an aging/stress-related change implicating protein sorting deficit, which can activate protein clearance responses including via enhanced phosphorylation and hydrolysis, thereby promoting GVD, sorfra, and Tau pathogenesis, and ultimately, neuronal destruction and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Qi Ai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qi-Lei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Cai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Tu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lily Wan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Aihua Pan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jim Manavis
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wei-Ping Gai
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chong Che
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Changchun High-Tech Dev. Zone, Changchun, China
| | - Ewen Tu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Yan Li,
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
- Xiao-Xin Yan,
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17
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Wang J, Wang L, Tang X, Wang F, Liu S, Wu X, Dong R, Lin X, Wang B, Bi Y. The Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score and Postoperative Delirium: The PNDABLE Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:851372. [PMID: 35800979 PMCID: PMC9252852 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.851372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the relationship between Framingham Heart Study general cardiovascular disease risk score (FHS–CVD risk score) and postoperative delirium (POD) among patients who had unilateral total knee arthroplasty performed under epidural anesthesia. Furthermore, we examined whether such a hypothesized relationship was mediated by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.MethodsA total of 750 participants were included in the current study. And the data were drawn from the database obtained from the Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder And Biomarker Lifestyle (PNDABLE) study. The preoperative cognitive function of participants was measured by using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The incidence of POD was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). The POD severity was measured using the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS). The POD CSF biomarkers included in the current study were: Aβ42, T-tau, P-tau, Aβ42/T-tau, and Aβ42/P-tau. The level of the CSF biomarkers was measured using the enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) in the PNDABLE study. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the FHS–CVD risk score and the POD CSF biomarkers. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between FHS–CVD risk score, POD CSF biomarkers, and POD incidence. The proposed mediating effect of CSF biomarkers was evaluated using Mediation Analysis with 10,000 bootstrapped iterations. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is chosen as the evaluation metric for assessing the efficacy of the FHS–CVD risk score in predicting POD.ResultsIn the PNDABLE study, the overall incidence of POD was 22.9% with 37.2% in the higher vascular risk group and 7.9% in the lower vascular risk group. Multiple linear regression models showed that a higher preoperative FHS–CVD risk score was positively correlated with CSF T-tau (β = 0.218, P = 0.015) and P-tau level (β = 0.309, P < 0.001) in the higher vascular risk group. After adjusting for age (40–90 years), gender, education, MMSE, smoking history, drinking history, hypertension, diabetes, and the presence of CHD (cardiovascular heart disease), the results of the logistic regression analysis demonstrated the effect of Aβ42 (OR = 0.994, 95% CI 0.992–0.996, P < 0.001), Aβ42/T-tau (OR = 0.353, 95% CI 0.254–0.491, P < 0.001), and Aβ42/P-tau (OR = 0.744, 95% CI 0.684–0.809, P < 0.001) in protecting patients against POD. However, the FHS–CVD risk score (OR = 1.142, 95% CI 1.017–1.282, P = 0.025) and the remaining two biomarkers: T-tau (OR = 1.005, 95% CI 1.004–1.007, P < 0.001) and P-tau (OR = 1.045, 95%CI 1.029–1.062, P < 0.001) were identified as the risk factors. Mediation analyses revealed that the association between FHS–CVD risk score and POD was partially mediated by T-tau (proportion: 31.6%) and P-tau (proportion: 23.6%). The predictive power of the FHS–CVD risk score was validated by the ROC curve with an AUC of 0.7364.ConclusionHigher vascular risk score is one of the preoperative risk factors for POD, which is partly mediated by CSF biomarker tau protein.Clinical Trial Registration[www.clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [ChiCTR2000033439].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinhui Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Siyv Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Xu Lin,
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang,
| | - Yanlin Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Yanlin Bi,
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18
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Rajesh Y, Kanneganti TD. Innate Immune Cell Death in Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1885. [PMID: 35741014 PMCID: PMC9221514 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder molecularly characterized by the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and type 2 microtubule-associated protein (Tau) abnormalities. Multiple studies have shown that many of the brain's immunological cells, specifically microglia and astrocytes, are involved in AD pathogenesis. Cells of the innate immune system play an essential role in eliminating pathogens but also regulate brain homeostasis and AD. When activated, innate immune cells can cause programmed cell death through multiple pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis. The cell death often results in the release of proinflammatory cytokines that propagate the innate immune response and can eliminate Aβ plaques and aggregated Tau proteins. However, chronic neuroinflammation, which can result from cell death, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and can worsen AD. Therefore, the innate immune response must be tightly balanced to appropriately clear these AD-related structural abnormalities without inducing chronic neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss neuroinflammation, innate immune responses, inflammatory cell death pathways, and cytokine secretion as they relate to AD. Therapeutic strategies targeting these innate immune cell death mechanisms will be critical to consider for future preventive or palliative treatments for AD.
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Chan HH, Leong CO, Lim CL, Koh RY. Roles of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 in SH-SY5Y cells with beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1434-1444. [PMID: 35106914 PMCID: PMC8899176 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the major cause of dementia, affects the elderly population worldwide. Previous studies have shown that depletion of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) expression reverted the AD phenotype in murine AD models. Necroptosis, executed by mixed lineage kinase domain‐like (MLKL) protein and activated by RIPK1 and RIPK3, has been shown to be involved in AD. However, the role of RIPK1 in beta‐amyloid (Aβ)‐induced necroptosis is not yet fully understood. In this study, we explored the role of RIPK1 in the SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated with Aβ 1–40 or Aβ 1–42. We showed that Aβ‐induced neuronal cell death was independent of apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Further analyses depicted that activation of RIPK1/MLKL‐dependant necroptosis pathway was observed in vitro. We demonstrated that inhibition of RIPK1 expression rescued the cells from Aβ‐induced neuronal cell death and ectopic expression of RIPK1 was found to enhance the stability of the endogenous APP. In summary, our findings demonstrated that Aβ can potentially drive necroptosis in an RIPK1‐MLKL‐dependent manner, proposing that RIPK1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hao Chan
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chooi-Ling Lim
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun-Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Verma M, Lizama BN, Chu CT. Excitotoxicity, calcium and mitochondria: a triad in synaptic neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35078537 PMCID: PMC8788129 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the most commonly engaged neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, acting to mediate excitatory neurotransmission. However, high levels of glutamatergic input elicit excitotoxicity, contributing to neuronal cell death following acute brain injuries such as stroke and trauma. While excitotoxic cell death has also been implicated in some neurodegenerative disease models, the role of acute apoptotic cell death remains controversial in the setting of chronic neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, it is clear that excitatory synaptic dysregulation contributes to neurodegeneration, as evidenced by protective effects of partial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. Here, we review evidence for sublethal excitatory injuries in relation to neurodegeneration associated with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. In contrast to classic excitotoxicity, emerging evidence implicates dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium handling in excitatory post-synaptic neurodegeneration. We discuss mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial calcium uptake and release, the impact of LRRK2, PINK1, Parkin, beta-amyloid and glucocerebrosidase on mitochondrial calcium transporters, and the role of autophagic mitochondrial loss in axodendritic shrinkage. Finally, we discuss strategies for normalizing the flux of calcium into and out of the mitochondrial matrix, thereby preventing mitochondrial calcium toxicity and excitotoxic dendritic loss. While the mechanisms that underlie increased uptake or decreased release of mitochondrial calcium vary in different model systems, a common set of strategies to normalize mitochondrial calcium flux can prevent excitatory mitochondrial toxicity and may be neuroprotective in multiple disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Verma
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.423286.90000 0004 0507 1326Present Address: Astellas Pharma Inc., 9 Technology Drive, Westborough, MA 01581 USA
| | - Britney N. Lizama
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Charleen T. Chu
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
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21
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Liang M, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Mei Y, Tian Y. A two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe for real-time imaging and quantification of NO in neural stem cells during activation regulation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4303-4312. [PMID: 35509464 PMCID: PMC9006966 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a novel tool capable of real-time monitoring and accurate quantification of NO is critical to understanding its role in physiological and pathological processes. Herein, a two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe (NOP) was developed for real-time imaging and quantification of NO based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer-photoinduced electron transfer (FRET-PET). In this developed probe, coumarin (CM) and naphthalimide with o-phenylenediamine (NPM) were rationally designed as a fluorescent donor and acceptor, respectively, to enable a ratiometric fluorescence response to NO. The developed NO probe demonstrated good detection linearity with the concentration of NO in the range of 0.100–200 μM, with a detection limit of 19.5 ± 1.00 nM. Considering the advantages of high selectivity, good accuracy and rapid dynamic response (<15 s), the developed NO probe was successfully applied for real-time imaging and accurate quantification of NO in neural stem cells (NSCs) and different regions of mouse brain tissue with a penetration depth of 350 μm. Using this powerful tool, it was found that NO regulated the activation and differentiation of quiescent NSCs (qNSCs). In addition, NO-induced differentiation of qNSCs into neurons was found to be dose-dependent: 50.0 μM NO caused about 50.0% of qNSCs to differentiate into neurons. Moreover, different regions of the mouse brain were observed to be closely related to the concentration of NO, and the concentration of NO in the DG region was found to be lower than that in the S1BF, CA1, LD and CPu of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse brain. The symptoms of AD mice were significantly improved through the treatment with NO-activated NSCs in the DG region. Developing a novel tool capable of real-time monitoring and accurate quantification of NO is critical to understanding its role in physiological and pathological processes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuxiao Mei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai 200241, China
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22
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MEK1/2 inhibition rescues neurodegeneration by TFEB-mediated activation of autophagic lysosomal function in a model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4770-4780. [PMID: 35948663 PMCID: PMC9734062 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by cognitive deficit due to synaptic loss and neuronal death. Extracellular amyloid β plaques are one of the pathological hallmarks of AD. The autophagic lysosomal pathway is the essential mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis by driving clearance of protein aggregates and is dysfunctional in AD. Here, we showed that inhibiting MEK/ERK signaling using a clinically available MEK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib (GSK1120212, SNR1611), induces the protection of neurons through autophagic lysosomal activation mediated by transcription factor EB (TFEB) in a model of AD. Orally administered trametinib recovered impaired neural structures, cognitive functions, and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in 5XFAD mice. Trametinib also reduced Aβ deposition via induction of autophagic lysosomal activation. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed upregulation of autophagic lysosomal genes by trametinib administration. In addition, trametinib inhibited TFEB phosphorylation at Ser142 and promoted its nuclear translocation, which in turn induced autophagic lysosomal related genes, indicating that trametinib activates the autophagic lysosomal process through TFEB activation. From these observations, we concluded that MEK inhibition provides neuronal protection from the Aβ burden by increasing autophagic lysosomal activity. Thus, MEK inhibition may be an effective therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Transcriptomic Studies Suggest a Coincident Role for Apoptosis and Pyroptosis but Not for Autophagic Neuronal Death in TBEV-Infected Human Neuronal/Glial Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112255. [PMID: 34835061 PMCID: PMC8620470 DOI: 10.3390/v13112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, Flavivirus genus, is responsible for neurological symptoms that may cause permanent disability or death. With an incidence on the rise, it is the major arbovirus affecting humans in Central/Northern Europe and North-Eastern Asia. Neuronal death is a critical feature of TBEV infection, yet little is known about the type of death and the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we used a recently established pathological model of TBEV infection based on human neuronal/glial cells differentiated from fetal neural progenitors and transcriptomic approaches to tackle this question. We confirmed the occurrence of apoptotic death in these cultures and further showed that genes involved in pyroptotic death were up-regulated, suggesting that this type of death also occurs in TBEV-infected human brain cells. On the contrary, no up-regulation of major autophagic genes was found. Furthermore, we demonstrated an up-regulation of a cluster of genes belonging to the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and revealed the cellular types expressing them. Our results suggest that neuronal death occurs by multiple mechanisms in TBEV-infected human neuronal/glial cells, thus providing a first insight into the molecular pathways that may be involved in neuronal death when the human brain is infected by TBEV.
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24
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Andrés-Benito P, Carmona M, Pirla MJ, Torrejón-Escribano B, Del Rio JA, Ferrer I. Dysregulated Protein Phosphorylation as Main Contributor of Granulovacuolar Degeneration at the First Stages of Neurofibrillary Tangles Pathology. Neuroscience 2021; 518:119-140. [PMID: 34757172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus of cases with neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) pathology classified as stages I-II, III-IV, and V-VI without comorbidities, and middle-aged (MA) individuals with no NFT pathology, were examined to learn about the composition of granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD). Our results confirm the presence of CK1-δ, p38-P Thr180/Tyr182, SAPK/JNK-P Thr183/Thr185, GSK-3α/β-P Tyr279/Tyr216, and GSK-3β Ser9 in the cytoplasmic granules in a subset of neurons of the CA1 and CA2 subfields of the hippocampus. Also, we identify the presence of PKA α/β-P Thr197, SRC-P Tyr416, PAK1-P Ser199/Ser204, CAMK2A-P Tyr197, and PKCG-P Thr655 in cytoplasmic granules in cases with NFT pathology, but not in MA cases. Our results also confirm the presence of β-catenin-P Ser45/Thr41, IREα-P Ser274, eIF2α-P Ser51, TDP-43-P Ser403-404 (but absent TDP-43), and ubiquitin in cytoplasmic granules. Other components of the cytoplasmic granules are MAP2-P Thr1620/1623, MAP1B-P Thr1265, ADD1-P Ser726, and ADD1/ADD1-P Ser726/Ser713, in addition to several tau species including 3Rtau, 4Rtau, and tau-P Ser262. The analysis of GVD at progressive stages of NFT pathology reveals the early appearance of phosphorylated kinases and proteins in cytoplasmic granules at stages I-II, before the appearance of pre-tangles and NFTs. Most of these granules are not surrounded by LAMP1-positive membranes. Markers of impaired ubiquitin-protesome system, abnormal reticulum stress response, and altered endocytic and autophagic pathways occur in a subpopulation of neurons containing cytoplasmic granules, and they appear later. These observations suggest early phosphorylation of kinases leading to their activation, and resulting in the abnormal phosphorylation of various substrates, including tau, as a main alteration at the first stages of GVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Andrés-Benito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Bellvitge University Hospital/Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Margarita Carmona
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Bellvitge University Hospital/Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mónica Jordán Pirla
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Bellvitge University Hospital/Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Benjamín Torrejón-Escribano
- Advanced Light Microscopy Unit (Campus de Bellvitge), Scientific and Technical Facility (CCiTUB), University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Del Rio
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Science Park Barcelona (PCB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Bellvitge University Hospital/Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Abstract
The innate immune system plays key roles in controlling Alzheimer's disease (AD), while secreting cytokines to eliminate pathogens and regulating brain homeostasis. Recent research in the field of AD has shown that the innate immune-sensing ability of pattern recognition receptors on brain-resident macrophages, known as microglia, initiates neuroinflammation, Aβ accumulation, neuronal loss, and memory decline in patients with AD. Advancements in understanding the role of innate immunity in AD have laid a strong foundation to elucidate AD pathology and devise therapeutic strategies for AD in the future. In this review, we highlight the present understanding of innate immune responses, inflammasome activation, inflammatory cell death pathways, and cytokine secretion in AD. We also discuss how the AD pathology influences these biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangJoon Lee
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 38515University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hyun-Jeong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science, 34966Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeob Ryu
- BIORCHESTRA Co. Ltd., 17, Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,BIORCHESTRA Co. Ltd., 245 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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26
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Ribeiro R, Santos AC, Calazans MO, De Oliveira ACP, Vieira LB. Is resveratrol a prospective therapeutic strategy in the co-association of glucose metabolism disorders and neurodegenerative diseases? Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2442-2457. [PMID: 34514962 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1972514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The mechanism behind the progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains poorly understood. However some evidence pointed out that the co-occurrence of metabolic conditions affecting glucose homeostasis, as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), may be an important catalyst in this context. Notably, candidate drugs which modulate common pathways in the development of MCI-to-AD mediated by T2DM may offer likely therapy for AD. Nonetheless, limited pharmacological alternatives that modulate common pathways in T2DM, MCI, and AD are available. In the recent decades, studies have shown that resveratrol may act as a neuroprotective compound, but little is known about its potential in improving cognitive and metabolic aspects associated with AD progression mediated by the co-association between TDM2-MCI.Methods: In this review, we discuss possible protective mechanisms of resveratrol on shared pathways associated with AD progression mediated by T2DM-MCI co-occurrence.Results: Some studies indicated that insulin resistance and hyperglycemia may be also a T2DM risk factor for the progression of MCI-to-AD, promoting alterations in metabolic pathways associated with neuronal plasticity, and increasing pro-inflammatory environment. Interestingly, basic research and clinical trials indicate that resveratrol may modulate those pathways, showing a potential neuroprotective effect of this polyphenol.Conclusion: Therefore, there is not enough clinical data supporting the translational therapeutic use of resveratrol in this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ribeiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M O Calazans
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A C P De Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L B Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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27
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Rare CASP6N73T variant associated with hippocampal volume exhibits decreased proteolytic activity, synaptic transmission defect, and neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12695. [PMID: 34135352 PMCID: PMC8209045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-6 (Casp6) is implicated in Alzheimer disease (AD) cognitive impairment and pathology. Hippocampal atrophy is associated with cognitive impairment in AD. Here, a rare functional exonic missense CASP6 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), causing the substitution of asparagine with threonine at amino acid 73 in Casp6 (Casp6N73T), was associated with hippocampal subfield CA1 volume preservation. Compared to wild type Casp6 (Casp6WT), recombinant Casp6N73T altered Casp6 proteolysis of natural substrates Lamin A/C and α-Tubulin, but did not alter cleavage of the Ac-VEID-AFC Casp6 peptide substrate. Casp6N73T-transfected HEK293T cells showed elevated Casp6 mRNA levels similar to Casp6WT-transfected cells, but, in contrast to Casp6WT, did not accumulate active Casp6 subunits nor show increased Casp6 enzymatic activity. Electrophysiological and morphological assessments showed that Casp6N73T recombinant protein caused less neurofunctional damage and neurodegeneration in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons than Casp6WT. Lastly, CASP6 mRNA levels were increased in several AD brain regions confirming the implication of Casp6 in AD. These studies suggest that the rare Casp6N73T variant may protect against hippocampal atrophy due to its altered catalysis of natural protein substrates and intracellular instability thus leading to less Casp6-mediated damage to neuronal structure and function.
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28
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Caspase Activation and Caspase-Mediated Cleavage of APP Is Associated with Amyloid β-Protein-Induced Synapse Loss in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107839. [PMID: 32610140 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) toxicity is hypothesized to play a seminal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, it remains unclear how Aβ causes synaptic dysfunction and synapse loss. We hypothesize that one mechanism of Aβ-induced synaptic injury is related to the cleavage of amyloid β precursor protein (APP) at position D664 by caspases that release the putatively cytotoxic C31 peptide. In organotypic slice cultures derived from mice with a knock-in mutation in the APP gene (APP D664A) to inhibit caspase cleavage, Aβ-induced synaptic injury is markedly reduced in two models of Aβ toxicity. Loss of dendritic spines is also attenuated in mice treated with caspase inhibitors. Importantly, the time-dependent dendritic spine loss is correlated with localized activation of caspase-3 but is absent in APP D664A cultures. We propose that the APP cytosolic domain plays an essential role in Aβ-induced synaptic damage in the injury pathway mediated by localized caspase activation.
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29
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The Main Alkaloids in Uncaria rhynchophylla and Their Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Mechanism Determined by a Network Pharmacology Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073612. [PMID: 33807157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing concern in modern society, and effective drugs for its treatment are lacking. Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR) and its main alkaloids have been studied to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. This study aimed to uncover the key components and mechanism of the anti-AD effect of UR alkaloids through a network pharmacology approach. The analysis identified 10 alkaloids from UR based on HPLC that corresponded to 90 anti-AD targets. A potential alkaloid target-AD target network indicated that corynoxine, corynantheine, isorhynchophylline, dihydrocorynatheine, and isocorynoxeine are likely to become key components for AD treatment. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the Alzheimers disease (hsa05010) was the pathway most significantly enriched in alkaloids against AD. Further analysis revealed that 28 out of 90 targets were significantly correlated with Aβ and tau pathology. These targets were validated using a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Molecular docking studies were carried out to verify the binding of corynoxine and corynantheine to core targets related to Aβ and tau pathology. In addition, the cholinergic synapse (hsa04725) and dopaminergic synapse (hsa04728) pathways were significantly enriched. Our findings indicate that UR alkaloids directly exert an AD treatment effect by acting on multiple pathological processes in AD.
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30
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Zheng M, Chen M, Liu C, Fan Y, Shi D. Alkaloids extracted from Uncaria rhynchophylla demonstrate neuroprotective effects in MPTP-induced experimental parkinsonism by regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113451. [PMID: 33049346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alkaloids isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil. (Rubiaceae), alkaloids (URA) have been used to treat diseases related to the central nervous system, such as Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, the potential mechanisms underlying their neuroprotective effects are not well-understood. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the neuroprotective effects of URAs in a mouse model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) and the possible involvement of a molecular signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two typical experiments for animal behavior despair, the spontaneous motor activity and the rotarod experiments, were employed to evaluate the efficacy of URAs in mice with PD symptoms. Dopamine (DA) neurons and their metabolism were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The mechanism of action of the alkaloids was investigated by analyzing their effects on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway using western blotting. RESULTS URA treatment effectively improved the behaviors of the mice during the "spontaneous motor activity and latency to fall off the rotarod test". Moreover, URAs demonstrated a protective role in dopaminergic neurons by increasing the expression of the dopamine transporter and tyrosine hydroxylase, which were supposed to be reduced by MPTP, inhibiting dopamine turnover, and changing dopamine and relevant metabolites. In addition to its association with the increase in the Bcl-2/Bad ratio, URA treatment also attenuated the cleaved caspase-3 level and enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that URA can effectively protect neurons from the neurotoxicity caused by MPTP in mouse models of PD by up-regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Zheng
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Minghui Chen
- College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Chunming Liu
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Yajun Fan
- College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Dongfang Shi
- The Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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31
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Uguagliati B, Al-Absi AR, Stagni F, Emili M, Giacomini A, Guidi S, Nyengaard JR, Bartesaghi R. Early appearance of developmental alterations in the dendritic tree of the hippocampal granule cells in the Ts65Dn model of Down syndrome. Hippocampus 2021; 31:435-447. [PMID: 33464704 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), a genetic condition caused by triplication of chromosome 21, is characterized by alterations in various cognitive domains, including hippocampus-dependent memory functions, starting from early life stages. The major causes of intellectual disability in DS are prenatal neurogenesis alterations followed by impairment of dendritic development in early infancy. While there is evidence that the Ts65Dn mouse, the most widely used model of DS, exhibits dendritic alterations in adulthood, no studies are available regarding the onset of dendritic pathology. The goal of the current study was to establish whether this model exhibits early dendritic alterations in the hippocampus, a region whose function is severely damaged in DS. To this purpose, in Golgi-stained brains, we evaluated the dendritic arborization and dendritic spines of the granule cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Ts65Dn mice aged 8 (P8) and 15 (P15) days. While P15 Ts65Dn mice exhibited a notably hypotrophic dendritic arbor and a reduced spine density, P8 mice exhibited a moderate reduction in the number of dendritic ramifications and no differences in spine density in comparison with their euploid counterparts. Both in P8 and P15 mice, spines were longer and had a longer neck, suggesting possible alterations in synaptic function. Moreover, P8 and P15 Ts65Dn mice had more thin spines and fewer stubby spines in comparison with euploid mice. Our study provides novel evidence on the onset of dendritic pathology, one of the causes of intellectual disability in DS, showing that it is already detectable in the dentate gyrus of Ts65Dn pups. This evidence strengthens the suitability of this model of DS as a tool to study dendritic pathology in DS and to test the efficacy of early therapeutic interventions aimed at ameliorating hippocampal development and, therefore, memory functions in children with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Uguagliati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Abdel-Rahman Al-Absi
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fiorenza Stagni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Marco Emili
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Guidi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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32
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Qi P, Li J, Gao S, Yuan Y, Sun Y, Liu N, Li Y, Wang G, Chen L, Shi J. Network Pharmacology-Based and Experimental Identification of the Effects of Quercetin on Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:589588. [PMID: 33192484 PMCID: PMC7645061 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.589588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative brain disorders inducing nearly half of dementia cases, and the diagnosis and treatment of AD are the primary issues clinically. However, there is a lack of effective biomarkers and drugs for AD diagnosis and therapeutics so far. In this study, bioinformatics analysis combined with an experimental verification strategy was used to identify the biomarkers and the quercetin targets for AD diagnosis and treatment. First, differentially expressed genes in the AD brain were identified by microarray data analysis. Second, quercetin, a predominant flavonoid, was used to screen the target genes. Third, the drug–disease network was determined, and the target genes of quercetin treatment were obtained in AD-related HT-22 cell-based assay. Six genes, including MAPT, PIK3R1, CASP8, DAPK1, MAPK1, and CYCS, were validated by the system pharmacology analysis in the hippocampus samples of AD patients. The results suggested that MAPT, PIK3R1, CASP8, and DAPK1 were significantly increased, but MAPK1 and CYCS were significantly decreased in HT-22 cells after Aβ1-42 treatment. Moreover, MAPK1 and CYCS were markedly increased, but MAPT, PIK3R1, CASP8, and DAPK1 were markedly decreased after quercetin treatment in these HT-22 cells. Altogether, MAPT, PIK3R1, CASP8, DAPK1, MAPK1, and CYCS are all the biomarkers for AD diagnosis and the targets of quercetin treatment, and our findings may provide valuable biomarkers for AD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingfang Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shichao Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yirong Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, China
| | - Yindi Sun
- Department of Traditional Medical Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Traditional Medical Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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33
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Oakley SS, Maina MB, Marshall KE, Al-Hilaly YK, Harrington CR, Wischik CM, Serpell LC. Tau Filament Self-Assembly and Structure: Tau as a Therapeutic Target. Front Neurol 2020; 11:590754. [PMID: 33281730 PMCID: PMC7688747 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.590754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau plays an important pathological role in a group of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy and corticobasal degeneration. In each disease, tau self-assembles abnormally to form filaments that deposit in the brain. Tau is a natively unfolded protein that can adopt distinct structures in different pathological disorders. Cryo-electron microscopy has recently provided a series of structures for the core of the filaments purified from brain tissue from patients with different tauopathies and revealed that they share a common core region, while differing in their specific conformation. This structurally resolvable part of the core is contained within a proteolytically stable core region from the repeat domain initially isolated from AD tau filaments. Tau has recently become an important target for therapy. Recent work has suggested that the prevention of tau self-assembly may be effective in slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Here we review the work that explores the importance of tau filament structures and tau self-assembly mechanisms, as well as examining model systems that permit the exploration of the mode of action of potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian S. Oakley
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud B. Maina
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- College of Medical Sciences, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Karen E. Marshall
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Youssra K. Al-Hilaly
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Charlie R. Harrington
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Claude M. Wischik
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Louise C. Serpell
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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34
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Van Schoor E, Koper MJ, Ospitalieri S, Dedeene L, Tomé SO, Vandenberghe R, Brenner D, Otto M, Weishaupt J, Ludolph AC, Van Damme P, Van Den Bosch L, Thal DR. Necrosome-positive granulovacuolar degeneration is associated with TDP-43 pathological lesions in the hippocampus of ALS/FTLD cases. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 47:328-345. [PMID: 32949047 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the necrosome, which is a protein complex consisting of phosphorylated receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (pRIPK1), pRIPK3 and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (pMLKL). Necrosome-positive GVD was associated with neuron loss in AD. GVD was recently linked to the C9ORF72 mutation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) pathology (FTLD-TDP). Therefore, we investigated whether GVD in cases of the ALS-FTLD-TDP spectrum (ALS/FTLD) shows a similar involvement of the necrosome as in AD, and whether it correlates with diagnosis, presence of protein aggregates and cell death in ALS/FTLD. METHODS We analysed the presence and distribution of the necrosome in post-mortem brain and spinal cord of ALS and FTLD-TDP patients (n = 30) with and without the C9ORF72 mutation, and controls (n = 22). We investigated the association of the necrosome with diagnosis, the presence of pathological protein aggregates and neuronal loss. RESULTS Necrosome-positive GVD was primarily observed in hippocampal regions of ALS/FTLD cases and was associated with hippocampal TDP-43 inclusions as the main predictor of the pMLKL-GVD stage, as well as with the Braak stage of neurofibrillary tangle pathology. The central cortex and spinal cord, showing motor neuron loss in ALS, were devoid of any accumulation of pRIPK1, pRIPK3 or pMLKL. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a role for hippocampal TDP-43 pathology as a contributor to necrosome-positive GVD in ALS/FTLD. The absence of necroptosis-related proteins in motor neurons in ALS argues against a role for necroptosis in ALS-related motor neuron death.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Van Schoor
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M J Koper
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Ospitalieri
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Dedeene
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S O Tomé
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Vandenberghe
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Brenner
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - J Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - A C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - P Van Damme
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Van Den Bosch
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D R Thal
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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35
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Wiersma VI, Hoozemans JJM, Scheper W. Untangling the origin and function of granulovacuolar degeneration bodies in neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:153. [PMID: 32883341 PMCID: PMC7469111 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brains of tauopathy patients, tau pathology coincides with the presence of granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs) both at the regional and cellular level. Recently, it was shown that intracellular tau pathology causes GVB formation in experimental models thus explaining the strong correlation between these neuropathological hallmarks in the human brain. These novel models of GVB formation provide opportunities for future research into GVB biology, but also urge reevaluation of previous post-mortem observations. Here, we review neuropathological data on GVBs in tauopathies and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies. We discuss the possibility that intracellular aggregates composed of proteins other than tau are also able to induce GVB formation. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of GVB formation and the downstream functional implications hereof are outlined in view of the current available data. In addition, we provide guidelines for the identification of GVBs in tissue and cell models that will help to facilitate and streamline research towards the elucidation of the role of these enigmatic and understudied structures in neurodegeneration.
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36
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Brokaw DL, Piras IS, Mastroeni D, Weisenberger DJ, Nolz J, Delvaux E, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Huentelman MJ, Coleman PD. Cell death and survival pathways in Alzheimer's disease: an integrative hypothesis testing approach utilizing -omic data sets. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:15-25. [PMID: 32745806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Whether a cell lives or dies is controlled by an array of intercepting and dynamic molecular pathways. Although there is evidence of neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple programmed cell death (PCD) pathways have been implicated in this process, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the dominant pathway responsible for cell death in AD. Likewise, the relative dominance of survival and PCD pathways in AD remains unclear. Here, we present the results of hypothesis-driven bioinformatic analysis of PCD and survival pathway activation in paired methylation and expression data from the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) as well as expression from laser-captured cells from the MTG and hippocampus. The results not only indicate activation of cell death pathways in AD-of which apoptosis is responsible for the largest fraction of upregulated genes-but also of cell survival pathways. These results are indicative of a complex balance between survival and death pathways in AD that future studies should work to delineate at a single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Brokaw
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Nolz
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Elaine Delvaux
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul D Coleman
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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37
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Liang S, Zheng Y, Lei L, Deng X, Ai J, Li Y, Zhang T, Mei Z, Ren Y. Corydalis edulis total alkaloids (CETA) ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in rat model of Alzheimer disease through regulation of the antioxidant stress and MAP2/NF-κB. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112540. [PMID: 31917278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the morbidity of Alzheimer's disease in the world has become more and more serious. Therefore, it is an important means to find new drugs for treating AD from traditional medicines. It was found that Corydalis edulis Maxim. has a significant effect in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in traditional application. In this work, we evaluated the efficacy of Corydalis edulis Maxim. total alkaloids (CETA) in AD model rats. METHODS In this work, CETA was prepared by alkali extraction and acid precipitation, 11 alkaloids were identified by UPLC-MS/MS from CETA. AD model rats induced with D-galactose (D-gal) for 7 weeks. In modeling, the different doses of CETA (5, 20 mg/kg/Day) were continuously administered. Firstly, the change of the cognitive function, behavior, brain tissue pathology, and the activity of ROS, MDA, SOD, IL-1β, TNF-α and CAT in rat hippocampal homogenate was measurement. Finally, the protein expression of Aβ, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and nuclear factor (κBp65) in rat brain was measurement. RESULT CETA was found to have the activity in regulating AD. Compared with the normal control group, the levels of SOD and CAT in the hippocampus of the AD model group were decreased, and the level of ROS, MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α was increased. The protein expression of Aβ, and NF-κB were increased, and MAP2 were decreased. After treatment by CETA, the levels of SOD and CAT in hippocampus of AD model rats was significantly increased, ROS, MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased. The protein expression of Aβ, and NF-κB were decreased, and MAP2 were increased. CONCLUSION CETA can improve the learning and memory ability in AD model. The mechanism may be achieved by regulating the oxidative stress and inflammatory of AD rats, inhibiting the protein expression levels of Aβ, and NF-κB, and promote the protein expression the levels of MAP2. Among them, 5 mg/kg is more effective than 20 mg/kg of CETA. Therefore, the therapeutic potential of CETA has been confirmed by our research, which may be a valuable drug for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiao Ai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tianpei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yongshen Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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38
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Kim TE, Son HJ, Lim DW, Yoon M, Lee J, Kim YT, Han D, Lee C, Um MY. Memory-enhancing effects of Ishige foliacea extract: In vitro and in vivo study. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13162. [PMID: 32020642 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ishige foliacea is used as a functional food in East-Asian countries. We evaluated the memory-enhancing effect of an ethanol extract of I. foliacea (EEI) using in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro acetylcholinesterase and β-secretase inhibitory activities, antioxidant properties, and neuroprotective effects against human neuronal cell death by H2 O2 and β-amyloid (Aβ) were investigated. We explored the memory-enhancing effect and its underlying mechanism in a mouse model of scopolamine (SCO)-induced memory deficits. EEI showed free radical scavenging and acetylcholinesterase and β-secretase inhibition activities. Additionally, EEI significantly decreased neuronal cell death induced by H2 O2 or Aβ in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. In behavior tests, SCO-induced memory deficits was improved by EEI administration. EEI increased the protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, which are related to synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. EEI may ameliorate memory deficits and prevent neurodegenerative disorders. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As the population ages, dementia, a neurodegenerative disease, is becoming an important problem. Various Alzheimer's drugs have been developed based on the disease mechanism, but alternative treatments are required because of the low bioavailability and hepatotoxicity of current medications. Ishige foliacea is a type of brown algae containing various bioactive substances. Phlorotannins, known as brown algae polyphenols, have been studied for their various functionalities such as, anticancer, anti-obesity, antioxidant, and sleep improvement effects, and have attracted attention as raw materials for developing new natural products. We found that the EEI mitigates SCO-induced damage by protecting neurons from oxidative stress-induced cell damage, controlling synthesis mechanisms of the causative agents of AD, and activating BDNF-TrkB-ERK signaling to promote memory function in the hippocampus. The results of this study can serve as a foundation for further research. Additionally, I. foliacea may be useful for treating and improving AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Eun Kim
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Son
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lim
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Yoon
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeseok Han
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Lee
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Um
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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39
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Necrosome complex detected in granulovacuolar degeneration is associated with neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:463-484. [PMID: 31802237 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a specific pattern of neuropathological changes, including extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) deposits, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) representing cytoplasmic vacuolar lesions, synapse dysfunction and neuronal loss. Necroptosis, a programmed form of necrosis characterized by the assembly of the necrosome complex composed of phosphorylated proteins, i.e. receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and 3 (pRIPK1 and pRIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (pMLKL), has recently been shown to be involved in AD. However, it is not yet clear whether necrosome assembly takes place in brain regions showing AD-related neuronal loss and whether it is associated with AD-related neuropathological changes. Here, we analyzed brains of AD, pathologically defined preclinical AD (p-preAD) and non-AD control cases to determine the neuropathological characteristics and distribution pattern of the necrosome components. We demonstrated that all three activated necrosome components can be detected in GVD lesions (GVDn+, i.e. GVD with activated necrosome) in neurons, that they colocalize with classical GVD markers, such as pTDP-43 and CK1δ, and similarly to these markers detect GVD lesions. GVDn + neurons inversely correlated with neuronal density in the early affected CA1 region of the hippocampus and in the late affected frontal cortex layer III. Additionally, AD-related GVD lesions were associated with AD-defining parameters, showing the strongest correlation and partial colocalization with NFT pathology. Therefore, we conclude that the presence of the necrosome in GVD plays a role in AD, possibly by representing an AD-specific form of necroptosis-related neuron death. Hence, necroptosis-related neuron loss could be an interesting therapeutic target for treating AD.
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40
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Wang L, Jin GF, Yu HH, Lu XH, Zou ZH, Liang JQ, Yang H. Protective effects of tenuifolin isolated from Polygala tenuifolia Willd roots on neuronal apoptosis and learning and memory deficits in mice with Alzheimer's disease. Food Funct 2019; 10:7453-7460. [PMID: 31664284 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Polygala tenuifolia Willd have a long history of being used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of insomnia, forgetfulness, sorrow and depression. Tenuifolin (TEN) has been isolated from Polygala tenuifolia Willd roots, and this study was carried out to investigate the potential beneficial effects of TEN on neuronal apoptosis and memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). TEN treatment reversed spatial learning and memory deficits, as well as neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal areas, in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice. TEN treatment protected against Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis, loss of mitochondria-membrane potential, and activation of caspases-3 and -9 in SH-SY5Y cells. TEN has potential benefit in treating learning and memory deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice, and its effects may be associated with reversing AD pathology-induced neuronal apoptosis. These insights pave the way for further analysis of the potential of TEN as an AD therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Gui Fang Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - He Han Yu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiao Hua Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhen Hua Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia Qi Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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41
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Application of the Movable Type Free Energy Method to the Caspase-Inhibitor BindingAffinity Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194850. [PMID: 31569580 PMCID: PMC6801467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have provided evidence suggesting that caspases not only contribute to the neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but also play essential roles in promoting the underlying pathology of this disease. Studies regarding the caspase inhibition draw researchers’ attention through time due to its therapeutic value in the treatment of AD. In this work, we apply the “Movable Type” (MT) free energy method, a Monte Carlo sampling method extrapolating the binding free energy by simulating the partition functions for both free-state and bound-state protein and ligand configurations, to the caspase-inhibitor binding affinity study. Two test benchmarks are introduced to examine the robustness and sensitivity of the MT method concerning the caspase inhibition complexing. The first benchmark employs a large-scale test set including more than a hundred active inhibitors binding to caspase-3. The second benchmark includes several smaller test sets studying the relative binding free energy differences for minor structural changes at the caspase-inhibitor interaction interfaces. Calculation results show that the RMS errors for all test sets are below 1.5 kcal/mol compared to the experimental binding affinity values, demonstrating good performance in simulating the caspase-inhibitor complexing. For better understanding the protein-ligand interaction mechanism, we then take a closer look at the global minimum binding modes and free-state ligand conformations to study two pairs of caspase-inhibitor complexes with (1) different caspase targets binding to the same inhibitor, and (2) different polypeptide inhibitors targeting the same caspase target. By comparing the contact maps at the binding site of different complexes, we revealed how small structural changes affect the caspase-inhibitor interaction energies. Overall, this work provides a new free energy approach for studying the caspase inhibition, with structural insight revealed for both free-state and bound-state molecular configurations.
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Vyas S, Kothari S, Kachhwaha S. Nootropic medicinal plants: Therapeutic alternatives for Alzheimer’s disease. J Herb Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yamaguchi Y, Ayaki T, Li F, Tsujimura A, Kamada M, Ito H, Maki T, Sawamoto N, Urushitani M, Takahashi R. Phosphorylated NF-κB subunit p65 aggregates in granulovacuolar degeneration and neurites in neurodegenerative diseases with tauopathy. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:229-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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van Echten-Deckert G, Alam S. Sphingolipid metabolism - an ambiguous regulator of autophagy in the brain. Biol Chem 2019; 399:837-850. [PMID: 29908127 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the brain exhibits the highest lipid content in the body next to adipose tissue. Complex sphingolipids are characteristic compounds of neuronal membranes. Vital neural functions including information flux and transduction occur along these membranes. It is therefore not surprising that neuronal function and survival is dependent on the metabolism of these lipids. Autophagy is a critical factor for the survival of post-mitotic neurons. On the one hand, it fulfils homeostatic and waste-recycling functions and on the other hand, it constitutes an effective strategy to eliminate harmful proteins that cause neuronal death. A growing number of experimental data indicate that several sphingolipids as well as enzymes catalyzing their metabolic transformations efficiently but very differently affect neuronal autophagy and hence survival. This review attempts to elucidate the roles and mechanisms of sphingolipid metabolism with regard to the regulation of autophagy and its consequences for brain physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild van Echten-Deckert
- LIMES Institute, Unit Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute of the University Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Shah Alam
- LIMES Institute, Unit Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry, Kekulé-Institute of the University Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Rafieipour F, Hadipour E, Emami SA, Asili J, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Safranal protects against beta-amyloid peptide-induced cell toxicity in PC12 cells via MAPK and PI3 K pathways. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:165-172. [PMID: 30402809 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a type of cerebrovascular problem with progressive mental disabilities for the patient. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of safranal on toxicity and oxidative damage induced by beta-amyloid (Aβ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PC12 cells as an appropriate model of Alzheimer's cell damage. PC12 cells pretreated with saffron extract (2.5-40 μg/ml), essential oil (2.5-40 μg/ml), safranal (2.5-5-40 μM) and donepezil (5, 10 and 20 μM) for 120 min. Then exposed to either Aβ (25 μM) for 48 h or H2O2 (150 μM) for 24 h. In the end, the cell survival and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production analyzed. The anti-apoptotic effects of safranal in PC12 cells were studied using flow cytometry after PI staining. Also, western blot analysis of Cyt c, survivin, p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2), Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2), PI3 Kinase P85, Phospho-PI3 Kinase P85, phospho SAPK/JNK, SAPK/JNK and caspase 3 performed for detection of apoptosis. Safranal (2.5 and 5 μM) and donepezil (10 and 20 μM) significantly decreased the Aβ toxicity. The ROS significantly attenuated when cells pretreated with essential oil, saffron extract, safranal, and donepezil. Cell apoptosis significantly increased after treatment with Aβ (25-35) (25 μM) compared to control. However, after pretreatment with safranal (2.5 μM) apoptosis was significantly reduced. Western blot analysis of PC12 cells showed that 25 μM Aβ (25-35) could increase proteins involved in apoptosis signaling and pretreatment with safranal (2.5 μM) could decrease the apoptosis. According to the results, safranal showed anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects and may exert promising potential for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Rafieipour
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Hadipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 9188617871, Mashhad, Iran.
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Wu X, Lv YG, Du YF, Hu M, Reed MN, Long Y, Suppiramaniam V, Hong H, Tang SS. Inhibitory effect of INT-777 on lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:360-374. [PMID: 30144494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and memory impairment. Herein, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of 6-ethyl-23(S)-methyl-cholic acid (INT-777), a specific G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) agonist, in the LPS-treated mouse model of acute neurotoxicity. Single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of LPS remarkably induced mouse behavioral impairments in Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and Y-maze avoidance tests, which were ameliorated by INT-777 (1.5 or 3.0 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) treatment. Importantly, INT-777 treatment reversed LPS-induced TGR5 down-regulation, suppressed the increase of nuclear NF-κB p65, and mitigated neuroinflammation, evidenced by lower proinflammatory cytokines, less activation of microglia, and increased the ratio of p-CREB/CREB or mBDNF/proBDNF in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. In addition, INT-777 treatment also suppressed neuronal apoptosis, as indicated by the reduction of TUNEL-positive cells, decreased activation of caspase-3, increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and ameliorated synaptic dysfunction as evidenced by the upregulation of PSD95 and synaptophysin in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Taken together, this study showed the potential neuroprotective effects of INT-777 against LPS-induced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang-Ge Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi-Feng Du
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Miranda N Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Su-Su Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Alhibshi AH, Odawara A, Suzuki I. Neuroprotective efficacy of thymoquinone against amyloid beta-induced neurotoxicity in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cholinergic neurons. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 17:122-126. [PMID: 30623116 PMCID: PMC6317145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural antioxidant Thymoquinone (TQ) is the most abundant ingredient in the curative plant Nigella sativa seed's oil. An extensive number of studies have revealed that TQ is the most active and most responsible component for the plant's pharmacological properties. It has been documented in several studies that TQ has a wide range of protective activities and many neuropharmacological attributes. Amyloid beta (Aβ) is the major role player peptide in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our current study has been implemented to explore the protective possibilities of TQ on Aβ1–42 -induced neurotoxicity. To test TQ's effect we used cultured human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cholinergic neurons. The obtained results showed that Aβ1–42 caused cell death and apoptosis, which was efficiently attenuated by the co-treatment of TQ. Moreover, TQ restored the decrease in the intracellular antioxidant enzyme glutathione levels and inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species induced by Aβ1–42. Furthermore, using the fluorescent dye FM1–43 we demonstrated that TQ was able to reduce synaptic toxicity caused by Aβ1–42. Thus, the findings of our study suggest that TQ holds a neuroprotective potential and could be a promising therapeutic agent to reduce the risk of developing AD and other disorders of the central nervous system. TQ protected hiPSC-derived cholinergic neurons against Aβ1–42 induced apoptosis. TQ restored reduced Glutathione level in hiPSC-derived cholinergic neurons. TQ protected hiPSC-derived cholinergic neurons against ROS generation induced by Aβ1–42. TQ attenuated Aβ1–42 – induced synaptic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Alhibshi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Odawara
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 192-0982, Japan
| | - I Suzuki
- Department of Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Yagiyama Kasumicho, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 192-0982, Japan
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Masoudi Khoram M, Nematollahi D, Jamshidi M, Goljani H. Electrochemical study of fast blue BB. A green strategy for sulfination of fast blue BB. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00815b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This research has led to the development of an environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of some new sulfone derivatives with high yields and without using any toxic reagents and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahdi Jamshidi
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali-Sina University
- Hamedan 65174
- Iran
| | - Hamed Goljani
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Bu-Ali-Sina University
- Hamedan 65174
- Iran
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Feng G, Sun Y, Liu S, Song F, Pi Z, Liu Z. Stepwise targeted matching strategy from in vitro to in vivo based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technology to quickly identify and screen pharmacodynamic constituents. Talanta 2018; 194:619-626. [PMID: 30609581 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The study of in vivo pharmacodynamic constituents (PCs) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is important for providing new clues for TCM applications in clinical therapies in modern medicine. However, detecting and identifying PCs from complex biological samples remain a challenge. In this study, a practical and novel stepwise targeted matching and longitudinal analysis strategy from in vitro to in vivo was developed. This strategy combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was applied to quickly discover PCs in TCM. This approach was developed based on a core perception that all drugs taken orally might be transformed progressively and orderly from the intestinal tract, liver, and blood to the target organ. Based on this core perception, stepwise targeted matching was orderly and efficiently accomplished by multiple screening processes that were based on a stepwise enriched in-house library. Ginseng (Panax ginseng) was set as the example of herbal medicine for validating the reliability and availability of this approach. By applying this novel strategy to the stepwise screening of metabolites, we successfully identified 113 metabolites, among which 59 compounds were defined as prototypes. Based on the in vivo metabolites, network pharmacology analysis was applied to screen the PCs of ginseng and clarified the action mechanism of ginseng for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A total of 27 herbal constituents and 64 related targets shared commonly by compounds and AD were integrated via target network pharmacology analysis. These results demonstrated that this original approach will greatly improve high-throughput screening of metabolites and PCs on AD. It also can explicate the mechanism of action of TCM. Furthermore, this strategy is practicable to identify metabolites and screen PCs in other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yufei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Fengrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
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Paquet C, Nicoll JAR, Love S, Mouton‐Liger F, Holmes C, Hugon J, Boche D. Downregulated apoptosis and autophagy after anti-Aβ immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2018; 28:603-610. [PMID: 29027727 PMCID: PMC8028546 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aβ immunization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients in the AN1792 (Elan Pharmaceuticals) trial caused Aβ removal and a decreased density of neurons in the cerebral cortex. As preservation of neurons may be a critical determinant of outcome after Aβ immunization, we have assessed the impact of previous Aβ immunization on the expression of a range of apoptotic proteins in post-mortem human brain tissue. Cortex from 13 AD patients immunized with AN1792 (iAD) and from 27 nonimmunized AD (cAD) cases was immunolabeled for proapoptotic proteins implicated in AD pathophysiology: phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pJNK), activated caspase3 (a-casp3), phosphorylated GSK3β on tyrosine 216 (GSK3βtyr216 ), p53 and Cdk5/p35. Expression of these proteins was analyzed in relation to immunization status and other clinical data. The antigen load of all of these proapoptotic proteins was significantly lower in iAD than cAD (P < 0.0001). In cAD, significant correlations (P < 0.001) were observed between: Cdk5/p35 and GSK3βtyr216 ; a-casp3 and Aβ42 ; p53 and age at death. In iAD, significant correlations were found between GSK3βtyr216 and a-casp3; both spongiosis and neuritic curvature ratio and Aβ42 ; and Cdk5/p35 and Aβ-antibody level. Although neuronal loss was increased by immunization with AN1792, our present findings suggest downregulation of apoptosis in residual neurons and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Paquet
- UMRS, INSERM, U942, F‐75010ParisFrance
- University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive/Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherches Paris Nord Ile de France AP‐HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, F‐75010ParisFrance
| | - James AR Nicoll
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Cellular PathologyUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
| | - Seth Love
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - François Mouton‐Liger
- University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
- Inserm, U1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F‐75013ParisFrance
| | - Clive Holmes
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
- Memory Assessments and Research Centre, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health Foundation TrustSouthampton United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Hugon
- UMRS, INSERM, U942, F‐75010ParisFrance
- University of Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive/Centre Memoire de Ressources et de Recherches Paris Nord Ile de France AP‐HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, F‐75010ParisFrance
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUnited Kingdom
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