1
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Yurchenko V, Morozov A. Responses of hepatic biotransformation and antioxidant enzymes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to humic acid. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1-13. [PMID: 34816351 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances, a major component of natural organic matter in surface waters, can induce biotransformation enzyme activities and influence antioxidant defense in fish. The study aimed to provide a molecular basis for the stress responses, the synthesis of biotransformation, and antioxidant enzymes in particular. Adult medaka fish (Hd-rR strain) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of humic acid for 96 h. The actual humic acid concentrations in water were determined photometrically and expressed as organic carbon concentrations. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used for protein profile analysis of medaka liver samples. The relative amount of isozymes was determined using the label-free quantification approach. Hepatic biotransformation enzyme activities were measured as well. Thus, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity showed a pronounced induction at the highest tested concentration (9.4 mg C/L). Various biotransformation and antioxidant isozymes responded to humic acid differently, reflecting a balanced interplay of proteins that ensures the metabolism of humic acid in fish liver. Some isozymes were not affected by humic acid. The study provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms of the fish stress response to the humic acid-related challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Yurchenko
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia.
| | - Alexey Morozov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
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2
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Emami S, Zhang Z, Taha AY. Quantitation of Oxylipins in Fish and Algae Oil Supplements Using Optimized Hydrolysis Procedures and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass-Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9329-9344. [PMID: 32687334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish and algae oil supplements are enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are precursors to oxidized fatty acids, known as oxylipins. Here, we optimized a base hydrolysis method for measuring oxylipins in oil with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and quantified them in fish and algae oil supplements. Hydrolysis of 2 μL of oil with sodium carbonate resulted in greater oxylipin concentrations and minimal matrix effects, compared to higher oil volumes (10, 20, and 30 μL). Oxylipin yield was higher when oil was hydrolyzed in methanol containing 0.1% acetic acid and 0.1% butylated hydroxytoluene, compared to no methanol, and using sodium hydroxide versus sodium carbonate. Oxylipins extracted from 2 μL of oil using sodium hydroxide in solvent showed that EPA-derived oxylipins were most abundant in fish oil (84-87%), whereas DHA-oxylipins were abundant in algae oil (83%). This study shows that fish and algae oils are direct sources of EPA- and DHA-derived oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Emami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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3
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Kubota A, Kawai YK, Yamashita N, Lee JS, Kondoh D, Zhang S, Nishi Y, Suzuki K, Kitazawa T, Teraoka H. Transcriptional profiling of cytochrome P450 genes in the liver of adult zebrafish, Danio rerio. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:347-356. [PMID: 31068540 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Increasing use of zebrafish in biomedical, toxicological and developmental studies requires explicit knowledge of cytochrome P450 (CYP), given the central role of CYP in oxidative biotransformation of xenobiotics and many regulatory molecules. A full complement of CYP genes in zebrafish and their transcript expression during early development have already been examined. Here we established a comprehensive picture of CYP gene expression in the adult zebrafish liver using a RNA-seq technique. Transcriptional profiling of a full complement of CYP genes revealed that CYP2AD2, CYP3A65, CYP1A, CYP2P9 and CYP2Y3 are major CYP genes expressed in the adult zebrafish liver in both sexes. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis for selected CYP genes further supported our RNA-seq data. There were significant sex differences in the transcript levels for CYP1A, CYP1B1, CYP1D1 and CYP2N13, with males having higher expression levels than those in females in all cases. A similar feature of gender-specific expression was observed for CYP2AD2 and CYP2P9, suggesting sex-specific regulation of constitutive expression of some CYP genes in the adult zebrafish liver. The present study revealed several "orphan" CYP genes as dominant isozymes at transcript levels in the adult zebrafish liver, implying crucial roles of these CYP genes in liver physiology and drug metabolism. The current results establish a foundation for studies with zebrafish in drug discovery and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kubota
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Yusuke K Kawai
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Natsumi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Daisuke Kondoh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Yasunobu Nishi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Kazuyuki Suzuki
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Takio Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Hiroki Teraoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
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4
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Shi XC, Sun J, Jin A, Ji H, Yu HB, Li Y, Li XX, Liu P, Li C, Huang JQ. Cytochrome P450 2AA molecular clone, expression pattern, and different regulation by fish oil and lard oil in diets of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1019-1026. [PMID: 29725939 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP enzymes) catalyze important metabolic reactions of exogenous and endogenous substrates, including fatty acid. In this study, we cloned the complete CDS of the cytochrome P450 2AA (CYP2AA) gene from the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for the first time. CYP2AA consisted of 1500 bp, which encoded a predicted protein of 499 amino acids. The identities of CYP2AA between C. idella and zebrafish were 86%. It consists of the conserved heme-binding motif FXXGXXXCXG. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that CYP2AA mRNA in C. idella was highly expressed in liver and adipose tissue. The effects of fish oil and lard oil in diets on expression of CYP2AA mRNA in vivo were also investigated. The fish oil (FO) group exhibited significantly higher CYP2AA expression in adipose tissue than the lard oil (LO) group (P < 0.01), whereas the mRNA expression of CYP2AA was not notably different in liver. It suggested that the high abundance of CYP2AA mRNA expression in adipose tissue could be induced by fish oil. Our findings provided molecular characterization and expression profile of CYP2AA, and enhanced our understanding of CYP2AA in fish lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ai Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xue-Xian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Pin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ji-Qin Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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5
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Puthumana J, Kim BM, Jeong CB, Kim DH, Kang HM, Jung JH, Kim IC, Hwang UK, Lee JS. Nine co-localized cytochrome P450 genes of the CYP2N, CYP2AD, and CYP2P gene families in the mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus genome: Identification and expression in response to B[α]P, BPA, OP, and NP. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 187:132-140. [PMID: 28411468 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The CYP2 genes are the largest and most diverse cytochrome P450 (CYP) subfamily in vertebrates. We have identified nine co-localized CYP2 genes (∼55kb) in a new cluster in the genome of the highly resilient ecotoxicological fish model Kryptolebias marmoratus. Molecular characterization, temporal and tissue-specific expression pattern, and response to xenobiotics of these genes were examined. The CYP2 gene clusters were characterized and designated CYP2N22-23, CYP2AD12, and CYP2P16-20. Gene synteny analysis confirmed that the cluster in K. marmoratus is similar to that found in other teleost fishes, including zebrafish. A gene duplication event with diverged catalytic function was observed in CYP2AD12. Moreover, a high level of divergence in expression was observed among the co-localized genes. Phylogeny of the cluster suggested an orthologous relationship with similar genes in zebrafish and Japanese medaka. Gene expression analysis showed that CYP2P19 and CYP2N20 were consecutively expressed throughout embryonic development, whereas CYP2P18 was expressed in all adult tissues, suggesting that members of each CYP2 gene family have different physiological roles even though they are located in the same cluster. Among endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P) induced expression of CYP2N23, bisphenol A (BPA) induced CYP2P18 and CYP2P19, and 4-octylphenol (OP) induced CYP2AD12, but there was no significant response to 4-nonylphenol (NP), implying differential catalytic roles of the enzyme. In this paper, we identify and characterize a CYP2 gene cluster in the mangrove killifish K. marmoratus with differing catalytic roles toward EDCs. Our findings provide insights on the roles of nine co-localized CYP2 genes and their catalytic functions for better understanding of chemical-biological interactions in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Puthumana
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea; Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Jung
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, South Korea
| | - Il-Chan Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Incheon 46083, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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6
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Saad M, Cavanaugh K, Verbueken E, Pype C, Casteleyn C, Van Ginneken C, Van Cruchten S. Xenobiotic metabolism in the zebrafish: a review of the spatiotemporal distribution, modulation and activity of Cytochrome P450 families 1 to 3. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41:1-11. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.41.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moayad Saad
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kate Cavanaugh
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evy Verbueken
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Casper Pype
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe Casteleyn
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Ginneken
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Cruchten
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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7
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Zhang J, Yao J, Wang R, Zhang Y, Liu S, Sun L, Jiang Y, Feng J, Liu N, Nelson D, Waldbieser G, Liu Z. The cytochrome P450 genes of channel catfish: their involvement in disease defense responses as revealed by meta-analysis of RNA-Seq data sets. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2813-28. [PMID: 24780645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) encode one of the most diverse enzyme superfamily in nature. They catalyze oxidative reactions of endogenous molecules and exogenous chemicals. METHODS We identified CYPs genes through in silico analysis using EST, RNA-Seq and genome databases of channel catfish. Phylogenetic analyses and conserved syntenic analyses were conducted to determine their identities and orthologies. Meta-analysis of RNA-Seq databases was conducted to analyze expression profile of CYP genes following bacterial infection. RESULTS A full set of 61 CYP genes was identified and characterized in channel catfish. Phylogenetic tree and conserved synteny provided strong evidence of their identities and orthorlogy. Lineage-specific gene duplication was evident in a number of clans in channel catfish. CYP46A1 is missing in the catfish genome as observed with syntenic analysis and RT-PCR analysis. Thirty CYPs were found up- or down-regulated in liver, while seven and eight CYPs were observed regulated in intestine and gill following bacterial infection. CONCLUSION We systematically identified and characterized a full set of 61 CYP genes in channel catfish and studied their expression profiles after bacterial infection. While bacterial challenge altered the expression of large numbers of CYP genes, the mechanisms and significance of these changes are not known. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work provides an example to systematically study CYP genes in non-model species. Moreover, it provides a basis for further toxicological and physiological studies in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaren Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ruijia Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Luyang Sun
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yanliang Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jianbin Feng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - David Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Geoff Waldbieser
- USDA, ARS, Catfish Genetics Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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8
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Bozcaarmutlu A, Turna S, Sapmaz C, Arinc E, Yenisoy-Karakaş S. Aldrin Epoxidation in Flathead Mullet (Mugil cephalus): Possible Involvement of CYP1A and CYP3A. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:271-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sema Turna
- Department of Chemistry; Abant Izzet Baysal University; Bolu Turkey
| | - Canan Sapmaz
- Department of Chemistry; Abant Izzet Baysal University; Bolu Turkey
| | - Emel Arinc
- Department of Biological Sciences; Middle East Technical University; Ankara Turkey
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9
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Kubota A, Bainy ACD, Woodin BR, Goldstone JV, Stegeman JJ. The cytochrome P450 2AA gene cluster in zebrafish (Danio rerio): expression of CYP2AA1 and CYP2AA2 and response to phenobarbital-type inducers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:172-9. [PMID: 23726801 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2 gene family is the largest and most diverse CYP gene family in vertebrates. In zebrafish, we have identified 10 genes in a new subfamily, CYP2AA, which does not show orthology to any human or other mammalian CYP genes. Here we report evolutionary and structural relationships of the 10 CYP2AA genes and expression of the first two genes, CYP2AA1 and CYP2AA2. Parsimony reconstruction of the tandem duplication pattern for the CYP2AA cluster suggests that CYP2AA1, CYP2AA2 and CYP2AA3 likely arose in the earlier duplication events and thus are most diverged in function from the other CYP2AAs. On the other hand, CYP2AA8 and CYP2AA9 are genes that arose in the latest duplication event, implying functional similarity between these two CYPs. A molecular model of CYP2AA1 showing the sequence conservation across the CYP2AA cluster reveals that the regions with the highest variability within the cluster map onto CYP2AA1 near the substrate access channels, suggesting differing substrate specificities. Zebrafish CYP2AA1 transcript was expressed predominantly in the intestine, while CYP2AA2 was most highly expressed in the kidney, suggesting differing roles in physiology. In the liver CYP2AA2 expression but not that of CYP2AA1, was increased by 1,4-bis [2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) and, to a lesser extent, by phenobarbital (PB). In contrast, pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN) increased CYP2AA1 expression, but not CYP2AA2 in the liver. The results identify a CYP2 subfamily in zebrafish that includes genes apparently induced by PB-type chemicals and PXR agonists, the first concrete in vivo evidence for a PB-type response in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kubota
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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10
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de Boer ME, Ellers J, van Gestel CAM, den Dunnen JT, van Straalen NM, Roelofs D. Transcriptional responses indicate attenuated oxidative stress in the springtail Folsomia candida exposed to mixtures of cadmium and phenanthrene. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:619-631. [PMID: 23483327 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the 'omics revolution', the assessment of toxic chemical mixtures has incorporated approaches where phenotypic endpoints are connected to a mechanistic understanding of toxicity. In this study we determined the effect of binary mixtures of cadmium and phenanthrene on the reproduction of Folsomia candida and investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying this response. Mixture toxicity modeling showed an antagonistic deviation from concentration addition for reproduction effects of the mixtures. Subsequent transcriptional response analysis was done using five mixtures at the modeled 50 % effect level for reproduction. The transcription profiles of 86 high throughput RT-qPCR assays were studied by means of partial least squares regression analysis. The first and second principal components (PCs) were correlated with global responses to cadmium and phenanthrene, while correlations with the mixture treatments were found in the higher PCs. Specifically associated with the mixture treatments were a biotransformation phase II gene, four mitochondrial related genes and a gene involved in the biosynthesis of antioxidant selenoproteins. Membrane integrity related gene inductions were correlated with the single phenanthrene treatment but not with the mixtures. Immune and inflammatory response assays did not correlate with any of the mixtures. These results suggest moderated oxidative stress, a higher mitochondrial maintenance and less compromised membrane function in the mixture exposed samples compared to the separate cadmium or phenanthrene exposures. The antagonism found for inhibition of reproduction may partially originate from these differences. Mechanistic studies on mixture toxicity can ultimately aid risk assessment by defining relevant toxicity pathways in organisms exposed to real-world mixture exposures present in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel E de Boer
- Department of Ecological Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081, HV, The Netherlands,
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11
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Wiseman SB, He Y, Gamal-El Din M, Martin JW, Jones PD, Hecker M, Giesy JP. Transcriptional responses of male fathead minnows exposed to oil sands process-affected water. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:227-35. [PMID: 23246600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is produced by the oil sands industry in Alberta, Canada. OSPW has acute and chronic effects on aquatic organisms, but the suite of effects of OSPW, and mechanisms of effects, are not understood. The goal of this study was to use RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to quantify abundances of transcripts in livers of male fathead minnows exposed to untreated OSPW and ozone-treated OSPW to investigate sublethal effects of untreated OSPW and to determine whether ozonation imparts toxicity upon OSPW. A reference transcriptome of 25,342 contigs was constructed from RNA from livers of fathead minnows exposed to various experimental conditions. Exposure to untreated OSPW resulted in greater abundances of 104 transcripts and lesser abundances of 91 transcripts. Oxidative metabolism, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and immune function were identified as processes affected by OSPW. Exposure to ozone-treated OSPW resulted in greater abundances of 57 transcripts and lesser abundances of 75 transcripts. However, in general, putative pathways for effects of OSPW in fathead minnows exposed to untreated OSPW were not identified in minnows exposed to ozone-treated OSPW, and pathways by which ozone-treated OSPW might have effects were not identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve B Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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12
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Uno T, Ishizuka M, Itakura T. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:1-13. [PMID: 22418068 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are members of the hemoprotein superfamily, and are involved in the mono-oxygenation reactions of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous compounds in mammals and plants. Characterization of CYP genes in fish has been carried out intensively over the last 20 years. In Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes), 54 genes encoding P450s have been identified. Across all species of fish, 137 genes encoding P450s have been identified. These genes are classified into 18 CYP families: namely, CYP1, CYP2, CYP3, CYP4, CYP5, CYP7, CYP8, CYP11, CYP17, CYP19, CYP20, CYP21, CYP24, CYP26, CYP27, CYP39, CYP46 and CYP51.We pinpointed eight CYP families: namely, CYP1, CYP2, CYP3, CYP4, CYP11, CYP17, CYP19 and CYP26 in this review because these CYP families are studied in detail. Studies of fish P450s have provided insights into the regulation of P450 genes by environmental stresses including water pollution. In this review, we present an overview of the CYP families in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Uno
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada-ku Hyogo, Japan.
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13
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Oh JH, Moon HB, Choe ES. Alterations in differentially expressed genes by exposure to a mixture of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the liver of Oryzias latipes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 33:403-407. [PMID: 22387352 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a mixture of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) on transcriptional responses in the liver of medaka, Oryzias latipes, were investigated by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Five DEGs were identified as cytochrome P450 2P1 (CYP450 2P1), malate dehydrogenase, anti-thrombin III, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4, and transferrin. These DEGs were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Only CYP450 2P1 mRNA was found to be upregulated by exposure to cPAHs mixture, suggesting that CYP450 2P1 mRNA can be a potential marker for prediction of the biological effects of a mixture of cPAHs on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwan Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Kumjeong-gu, Pusan, Republic of Korea
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Navab M, Reddy ST, Anantharamaiah GM, Hough G, Buga GM, Danciger J, Fogelman AM. D-4F-mediated reduction in metabolites of arachidonic and linoleic acids in the small intestine is associated with decreased inflammation in low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice. J Lipid Res 2011; 53:437-445. [PMID: 22167743 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m023523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that intestine is a major site of action for D-4F, LDLR(-/-) mice were fed a Western diet (WD) and administered the peptide subcutaneously (SQ) or orally. Plasma and liver D-4F levels were 298-fold and 96-fold higher, respectively, after SQ administration, whereas peptide levels in small intestine only varied by 1.66 ± 0.33-fold. Levels of metabolites of arachidonic and linoleic acids known to bind with high affinity to D-4F were significantly reduced in intestine, liver and hepatic bile to a similar degree whether administered SQ or orally. However, levels of 20-HETE, which is known to bind the peptide with low affinity, were unchanged. D-4F treatment reduced plasma serum amyloid A (SAA) and triglyceride levels (P < 0.03) and increased HDL-cholesterol levels (P < 0.04) similarly after SQ or oral administration. Plasma levels of metabolites of arachidonic and linoleic acids significantly correlated with SAA levels (P < 0.0001). Feeding 15-HETE in chow (without WD) significantly increased plasma SAA and triglyceride levels and decreased HDL-cholesterol and paraoxonase activity (P < 0.05), all of which were significantly ameliorated by SQ D-4F (P < 0.05). We conclude that D-4F administration reduces levels of free metabolites of arachidonic and linoleic acids in the small intestine and this is associated with decreased inflammation in LDL receptor deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Navab
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Greg Hough
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Georgette M Buga
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jan Danciger
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Kubota A, Stegeman JJ, Goldstone JV, Nelson DR, Kim EY, Tanabe S, Iwata H. Cytochrome P450 CYP2 genes in the common cormorant: Evolutionary relationships with 130 diapsid CYP2 clan sequences and chemical effects on their expression. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:280-9. [PMID: 21130899 PMCID: PMC3560406 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 CYP2 family enzymes are important in a variety of physiological and toxicological processes. CYP2 genes are highly diverse and orthologous relationships remain clouded among CYP2s in different taxa. Sequence and expression analyses of CYP2 genes in diapsids including birds and reptiles may improve understanding of this CYP family. We sought CYP2 genes in a liver cDNA library of the common cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), and in the genomes of other diapsids, chicken (Gallus gallus), zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), and anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis), for phylogenetic and/or syntenic analyses. Screening of the cDNA library yielded four CYP2 cDNA clones that were phylogenetically classified as CYP2C45, CYP2J25, CYP2AC1, and CYP2AF1. There are numerous newly identified diapsid CYP2 genes that include genes related to the human CYP2Cs, CYP2D6, CYP2G2P, CYP2J2, CYP2R1, CYP2U1, CYP2W1, CYP2AB1P, and CYP2AC1P. Syntenic relationships show that avian CYP2Hs are orthologous to CYP2C62P in humans, CYP2C23 in rats, and Cyp2c44 in mice, and suggest that avian CYP2Hs, along with human CYP2C62P and mouse Cyp2c44, could be renamed as CYP2C23, based upon the nomenclature rules. Analysis of sequence and synteny identifies cormorant and finch CYPs that are apparent orthologs of phenobarbital-inducible chicken CYP2C45. Transcripts of all four cormorant CYP2 genes were detected in the liver of birds from Lake Biwa, Japan. The transcript levels bore no significant relationship to levels of chlorinated organic pollutants in the liver, including polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites. In contrast, concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorononanoic acid were negatively correlated with levels of CYP2C45 and/or CYP2J25, suggesting down-regulation of expression by these environmental pollutants. This study expands our view of the phylogeny and evolution of CYP2s, and provides evolutionary insight into the chemical regulation of CYP2 gene expression in diapsids including birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kubota
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA 02543, USA
| | - John J. Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA 02543, USA
| | | | - David R. Nelson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Corresponding author: Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan Tel./Fax: +81-89-927-8172
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Phylogenetic and Functional Analysis of the Vertebrate Cytochrome P450 2 Family. J Mol Evol 2010; 72:56-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00239-010-9402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Goldstone JV, McArthur AG, Kubota A, Zanette J, Parente T, Jönsson ME, Nelson DR, Stegeman JJ. Identification and developmental expression of the full complement of Cytochrome P450 genes in Zebrafish. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:643. [PMID: 21087487 PMCID: PMC3012610 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing use of zebrafish in drug discovery and mechanistic toxicology demands knowledge of cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene regulation and function. CYP enzymes catalyze oxidative transformation leading to activation or inactivation of many endogenous and exogenous chemicals, with consequences for normal physiology and disease processes. Many CYPs potentially have roles in developmental specification, and many chemicals that cause developmental abnormalities are substrates for CYPs. Here we identify and annotate the full suite of CYP genes in zebrafish, compare these to the human CYP gene complement, and determine the expression of CYP genes during normal development. Results Zebrafish have a total of 94 CYP genes, distributed among 18 gene families found also in mammals. There are 32 genes in CYP families 5 to 51, most of which are direct orthologs of human CYPs that are involved in endogenous functions including synthesis or inactivation of regulatory molecules. The high degree of sequence similarity suggests conservation of enzyme activities for these CYPs, confirmed in reports for some steroidogenic enzymes (e.g. CYP19, aromatase; CYP11A, P450scc; CYP17, steroid 17a-hydroxylase), and the CYP26 retinoic acid hydroxylases. Complexity is much greater in gene families 1, 2, and 3, which include CYPs prominent in metabolism of drugs and pollutants, as well as of endogenous substrates. There are orthologous relationships for some CYP1 s and some CYP3 s between zebrafish and human. In contrast, zebrafish have 47 CYP2 genes, compared to 16 in human, with only two (CYP2R1 and CYP2U1) recognized as orthologous based on sequence. Analysis of shared synteny identified CYP2 gene clusters evolutionarily related to mammalian CYP2 s, as well as unique clusters. Conclusions Transcript profiling by microarray and quantitative PCR revealed that the majority of zebrafish CYP genes are expressed in embryos, with waves of expression of different sets of genes over the course of development. Transcripts of some CYP occur also in oocytes. The results provide a foundation for the use of zebrafish as a model in toxicological, pharmacological and chemical disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared V Goldstone
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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18
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Krøvel AV, Søfteland L, Torstensen BE, Olsvik PA. Endosulfan in vitro toxicity in Atlantic salmon hepatocytes obtained from fish fed either fish oil or vegetable oil. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 151:175-86. [PMID: 19874912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the feed may alter the cellular composition of an organism and thus has the potential to influence a xenobiotic response. The main aim of this study was to see if the fatty acid composition of primary hepatocytes isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) obtained from fish fed either a fish oil or a vegetable oil based diet, influenced the response to endosulfan exposure in vitro. The primary cultures were exposed to six different concentrations of endosulfan (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 microM) for 48 h. Cell morphology as well as a molecular toolbox of 16 genes encoding stress responsive and biotransformation proteins was examined. Endosulfan exposure caused moderate cytotoxicity and steatosis in a dose-dependent manner in the hepatocytes. In general, endosulfan hepatoxicity seems to be unaffected by the fatty acid composition of the hepatocytes. Exceptions were general stress (HSP70) and markers for estrogen exposure (ZP and VTG), which appeared to be slightly less responsive in hepatocytes isolated from the vegetable oil fed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vatland Krøvel
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
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19
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Stegeman JJ, Goldstone JV, Hahn ME. Perspectives on zebrafish as a model in environmental toxicology. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(10)02910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Arellano-Aguilar O, Montoya RM, Garcia CM. Endogenous Functions and Expression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Teleost Fish: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10641260903243487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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21
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Bozcaarmutlu A, Arinç E. Purification of CYP2B-like protein from feral leaping mullet (Liza saliens) liver microsomes and its biocatalytic, molecular, and immunological characterization. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2008; 22:284-98. [PMID: 18752317 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, CYP2B-immunoreactive protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the liver microsomes of leaping mullet. The purified cytochrome P450 (CYP) gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis having a M(r) of 49,300 Da. Absolute absorption spectrum of the purified CYP showed a maximum at 417 nm and CO-difference spectrum of dithionite-reduced cytochrome P450 gave a peak at 450 nm. The purified CYP was found to be active in N-demethylation of benzphetamine, erythromycin, and ethylmorphine, and O-dealkylation of pentoxyresorufin in the reconstituted system. However, it was unable to catalyze O-dealkylation of ethoxyresorufin, methoxyresorufin, benzyloxyresorufin, and hydroxylation of lauric acid and aniline. The purified CYP showed strong cross-reactivity with anti-sheep lung CYP2B, a homologue of CYP2B4. N-terminal amino acid sequence of the mullet P450 had the highest degree of homology with CYP2Bs among the known CYPs. Spectral, electrophoretic, immunochemical, N-terminal amino acid sequence, and biocatalytic properties of the purified CYP are most similar to those of mammalian cytochrome P4502B. All these data indicate that the purified CYP is certainly 2B-like. In this study, we not only purified biocatalytically active CYP2B-like protein from fish, but also demonstrated detailed functional properties of CYP2B-like protein for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Bozcaarmutlu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey. bozcaarmutlu
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22
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Nebert DW, Karp CL. Endogenous functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR): intersection of cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1)-metabolized eicosanoids and AHR biology. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:36061-5. [PMID: 18713746 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r800053200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health and the Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056, USA.
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23
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Burnett KG, Bain LJ, Baldwin WS, Callard GV, Cohen S, Di Giulio RT, Evans DH, Gómez-Chiarri M, Hahn ME, Hoover CA, Karchner SI, Katoh F, MacLatchy DL, Marshall WS, Meyer JN, Nacci DE, Oleksiak MF, Rees BB, Singer TD, Stegeman JJ, Towle DW, Van Veld PA, Vogelbein WK, Whitehead A, Winn RN, Crawford DL. Fundulus as the premier teleost model in environmental biology: opportunities for new insights using genomics. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2007; 2:257-86. [PMID: 18071578 PMCID: PMC2128618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A strong foundation of basic and applied research documents that the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus and related species are unique laboratory and field models for understanding how individuals and populations interact with their environment. In this paper we summarize an extensive body of work examining the adaptive responses of Fundulus species to environmental conditions, and describe how this research has contributed importantly to our understanding of physiology, gene regulation, toxicology, and ecological and evolutionary genetics of teleosts and other vertebrates. These explorations have reached a critical juncture at which advancement is hindered by the lack of genomic resources for these species. We suggest that a more complete genomics toolbox for F. heteroclitus and related species will permit researchers to exploit the power of this model organism to rapidly advance our understanding of fundamental biological and pathological mechanisms among vertebrates, as well as ecological strategies and evolutionary processes common to all living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G. Burnett
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Lisa J. Bain
- Clemson Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University; Pendleton, SC 29670, USA
| | - William S. Baldwin
- Clemson Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Clemson University; Pendleton, SC 29670, USA
| | | | - Sarah Cohen
- Romberg Tiburon Center and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA 94120, USA
| | - Richard T. Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David H. Evans
- Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Marta Gómez-Chiarri
- Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Mark E. Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | | | - Sibel I. Karchner
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Fumi Katoh
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, N.S. B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Deborah L. MacLatchy
- Faculty of Science, Wilfred Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3C5
| | - William S. Marshall
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, N.S. B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Joel N. Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Diane E. Nacci
- US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Marjorie F. Oleksiak
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Bernard B. Rees
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Thomas D. Singer
- School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, CANADA
| | - John J. Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - David W. Towle
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Maine 04672, USA
| | - Peter A. Van Veld
- The College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
- The College of William and Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Richard N. Winn
- Aquatic Biotechnology and Environmental Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Douglas L. Crawford
- Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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Mosadeghi S, Furnes B, Matsuo AYO, Schlenk D. Expression and characterization of cytochrome P450 2X1 in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1770:1045-52. [PMID: 17459590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in channel catfish identified a novel cDNA encoding the cytochrome P450 isoform, CYP2X1. To characterize the substrate specificity of CYP2X1, the 57 kDa protein was expressed in Sf9 cells. Microsomes from Sf9 cells transfected with CYP2X1 demonstrated a maximum carbon monoxide-reduced difference spectrum at 450 nm and catalyzed aminopyrine and benzphetamine demethylase activity with catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) values of 0.82 pmol/nmol P450/min and 4.39 pmol/nmol P450/min, respectively. However, enzymatic activity was not observed following incubation with p-nitrophenol, benzyloxyresorufin or pentoxyresorufin. Expression of CYP2X1 transcription was significantly elevated in the gills and liver relative to that detected in brain, kidney and heart. In the brain, liver and heart, intraperitoneal injections with clofibric acid, ethanol, pyridine and rifampin failed to alter expression of CYP2X1 mRNA. In kidney, pyridine significantly suppressed the expression of CYP2X1 transcription (p < or = 0.05). These results indicate CYP2X1 displays minimal catalytic activities consistent with other piscine CYP2 isoforms, and unique tissue expression and regulation patterns in juvenile channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Mosadeghi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0144, USA
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25
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Barber DS, McNally AJ, Garcia-Reyero N, Denslow ND. Exposure to p,p'-DDE or dieldrin during the reproductive season alters hepatic CYP expression in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 81:27-35. [PMID: 17145087 PMCID: PMC1847780 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2006] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Largemouth bass (LMB) in Central Florida living on sites with high levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have exhibited poor reproductive success and altered steroid profiles. The mechanism underlying these changes is unknown, however changes in the rate of steroid metabolism could alter steroid homeostasis. Members of the CYP2 and CYP3A families play a significant role in the metabolism of many xenobiotics and endogenous compounds, including sex steroids. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify members of the CYP2 and CYP3A families in LMB and characterize the effects of OCP exposure on their expression. Full-length clones of two CYP3A isoforms were obtained from LMB liver, CYP3A68 and 3A69, which exhibited significant sequence divergence. Full-length clones for CYP2N14 and CYP2P11 were also obtained from LMB liver. Steady-state mRNA levels of each of these CYPs increased in both sexes between early reproductive phase (December) and peak reproductive phase (March). Expression of CYP3A68 and CYP2P11 was sexually dimorphic during peak reproductive phase with 2-fold higher expression in females and males, respectively. Foodborne exposure to 46 ppm p,p'-DDE or 0.8 ppm dieldrin for 30 days did not have a significant effect on expression of CYPs. However, 4 months exposure to p,p'-DDE induced CYP3A68 and 3A69 expression in both sexes, while dieldrin produced weak induction of CYP3A68 and suppressed CYP3A69 expression in females, but had no effect on males. Neither p,p'-DDE nor dieldrin significantly altered the expression of CYP2P11 or CYP2N14. This work demonstrates that there are significant changes in CYP expression that occur during LMB reproduction which can be modified by exposure to OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Barber
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, PO Box 100885, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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26
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Peterson JSK, Bain LJ. Differential gene expression in anthracene-exposed mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2004; 66:345-55. [PMID: 15168943 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2003] [Revised: 09/22/2003] [Accepted: 10/19/2003] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) anthracene is present in many estuarine systems at concentrations believed to cause sublethal adverse effects, although its exact mode of toxicity remains unclear. Knowledge of the induction or suppression of specific genes as a result of exposure may be useful in explaining these effects. We have generated a fingerprint of anthracene exposure using the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), a non-migratory estuarine fish species. The fish were exposed in 7-day static renewal tests to environmentally relevant concentrations of 0, 27, 50, and 80 microg/l of anthracene. Total RNA was extracted from the livers and differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DD RT-PCR) was used to recover 26 differentially expressed cDNA fragments. These cDNAs were isolated, sequenced, and compared to sequences of known genes in order to identify possible physiological consequences of exposure to anthracene. We then constructed macroarrays using these fragments and probed them with RNA from both anthracene-exposed fish and fish from a known PAH-impacted site. Three genes appear to be good indicators of exposure to anthracene in the range of concentrations tested, which included CYP2N2 and two expressed sequence tags (ESTs) termed 15C1 and 18C2. The expression of nine genes was altered in fish collected from a site with multiple PAHs. Band 15C1 and CYP2N2 again showed statistically significant upregulation in the field-caught fish, while a trypsin precursor and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) all showed similar trends in induction as the laboratory-exposed fish. Further insight into the mechanism of toxicity of contaminants will be gained by the ability to identify and use differentially expressed genes as markers of exposure and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis S K Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Nelson DR, Zeldin DC, Hoffman SMG, Maltais LJ, Wain HM, Nebert DW. Comparison of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes from the mouse and human genomes, including nomenclature recommendations for genes, pseudogenes and alternative-splice variants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 14:1-18. [PMID: 15128046 DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200401000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 679] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Completion of both the mouse and human genome sequences in the private and public sectors has prompted comparison between the two species at multiple levels. This review summarizes the cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene superfamily. For the first time, we have the ability to compare complete sets of CYP genes from two mammals. Use of the mouse as a model mammal, and as a surrogate for human biology, assumes reasonable similarity between the two. It is therefore of interest to catalog the genetic similarities and differences, and to clarify the limits of extrapolation from mouse to human. METHODS Data-mining methods have been used to find all the mouse and human CYP sequences; this includes 102 putatively functional genes and 88 pseudogenes in the mouse, and 57 putatively functional genes and 58 pseudogenes in the human. Comparison is made between all these genes, especially the seven main CYP gene clusters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The seven CYP clusters are greatly expanded in the mouse with 72 functional genes versus only 27 in the human, while many pseudogenes are present; presumably this phenomenon will be seen in many other gene superfamily clusters. Complete identification of all pseudogene sequences is likely to be clinically important, because some of these highly similar exons can interfere with PCR-based genotyping assays. A naming procedure for each of four categories of CYP pseudogenes is proposed, and we encourage various gene nomenclature committees to consider seriously the adoption and application of this pseudogene nomenclature system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Nelson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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