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Okumuş EB, Böke ÖB, Turhan SŞ, Doğan A. From development to future prospects: The adipose tissue & adipose tissue organoids. Life Sci 2024; 351:122758. [PMID: 38823504 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms store their energy in different forms of fats including lipid droplets, triacylglycerols, and steryl esters. In mammals and some non-mammal species, the energy is stored in adipose tissue which is the innervated specialized connective tissue that incorporates a variety of cell types such as macrophages, fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, adipocytes, blood cells, and several kinds of immune cells. Adipose tissue is so complex that the scope of its function is not only limited to energy storage, it also encompasses to thermogenesis, mechanical support, and immune defense. Since defects and complications in adipose tissue are heavily related to certain chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and cholesterol metabolism defects, it is important to further study adipose tissue to enlighten further mechanisms behind those diseases to develop possible therapeutic approaches. Adipose organoids are accepted as very promising tools for studying fat tissue development and its underlying molecular mechanisms, due to their high recapitulation of the adipose tissue in vitro. These organoids can be either derived using stromal vascular fractions or pluripotent stem cells. Due to their great vascularization capacity and previously reported incontrovertible regulatory role in insulin sensitivity and blood glucose levels, adipose organoids hold great potential to become an excellent candidate for the source of stem cell therapy. In this review, adipose tissue types and their corresponding developmental stages and functions, the importance of adipose organoids, and the potential they hold will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Bulut Okumuş
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özüm Begüm Böke
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal Turhan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Pei J, Zou D, Li L, Kang L, Sun M, Li X, Chen Q, Chen D, Qu B, Gao X, Lin Z. Senp7 deficiency impairs lipid droplets maturation in white adipose tissues via Plin4 deSUMOylation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107319. [PMID: 38677512 PMCID: PMC11134554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is important for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. Several members of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific protease (SENP) family have been reported as the regulators of lipid homeostasis. However, the function of Senp7 in lipid metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we generated both conventional and adipocyte-specific Senp7 KO mice to characterize the role of Senp7 in lipid metabolism homeostasis. Both Senp7-deficient mice displayed reduced white adipose tissue mass and decreased size of adipocytes. By analyzing the lipid droplet morphology, we demonstrated that the lipid droplet size was significantly smaller in Senp7-deficient adipocytes. Mechanistically, Senp7 could deSUMOylate the perilipin family protein Plin4 to promote the lipid droplet localization of Plin4. Our results reveal an important role of Senp7 in the maturation of lipid droplets via Plin4 deSUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-Related Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Li
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Hemba-Waduge RUS, Liu M, Li X, Sun JL, Budslick EA, Bondos SE, Ji JY. Metabolic control by the Bithorax Complex-Wnt signaling crosstalk in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596851. [PMID: 38853890 PMCID: PMC11160800 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Adipocytes distributed throughout the body play crucial roles in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. Regional differences among adipocytes influence normal function and disease susceptibility, but the mechanisms driving this regional heterogeneity remain poorly understood. Here, we report a genetic crosstalk between the Bithorax Complex ( BX-C ) genes and Wnt/Wingless signaling that orchestrates regional differences among adipocytes in Drosophila larvae. Abdominal adipocytes, characterized by the exclusive expression of abdominal A ( abd-A ) and Abdominal B ( Abd-B ), exhibit distinct features compared to thoracic adipocytes, with Wnt signaling further amplifying these disparities. Depletion of BX-C genes in adipocytes reduces fat accumulation, delays larval-pupal transition, and eventually leads to pupal lethality. Depleting Abd-A or Abd-B reduces Wnt target gene expression, thereby attenuating Wnt signaling-induced lipid mobilization. Conversely, Wnt signaling stimulated abd-A transcription, suggesting a feedforward loop that amplifies the interplay between Wnt signaling and BX-C in adipocytes. These findings elucidate how the crosstalk between cell-autonomous BX-C gene expression and Wnt signaling define unique metabolic behaviors in adipocytes in different anatomical regions of fat body, delineating larval adipose tissue domains.
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Sternak M, Stojak M, Banasik T, Kij A, Bar A, Pacia MZ, Wojnar-Lason K, Chorazy N, Mohaissen T, Marczyk B, Czyzynska-Cichon I, Berkimbayeva Z, Mika A, Chlopicki S. Vascular ATGL-dependent lipolysis and the activation of cPLA 2-PGI 2 pathway protect against postprandial endothelial dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:125. [PMID: 38467757 PMCID: PMC10927860 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is involved in lipolysis and displays a detrimental pathophysiological role in cardio-metabolic diseases. However, the organo-protective effects of ATGL-induced lipolysis were also suggested. The aim of this work was to characterize the function of lipid droplets (LDs) and ATGL-induced lipolysis in the regulation of endothelial function. ATGL-dependent LDs hydrolysis and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2)-derived eicosanoids production were studied in the aorta, endothelial and smooth muscle cells exposed to exogenous oleic acid (OA) or arachidonic acid (AA). Functional effects of ATGL-dependent lipolysis and subsequent activation of cPLA2/PGI2 pathway were also studied in vivo in relation to postprandial endothelial dysfunction.The formation of LDs was invariably associated with elevated production of endogenous AA-derived prostacyclin (PGI2). In the presence of the inhibitor of ATGL or the inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2, the production of eicosanoids was reduced, with a concomitant increase in the number of LDs. OA administration impaired endothelial barrier integrity in vitro that was further impaired if OA was given together with ATGL inhibitor. Importantly, in vivo, olive oil induced postprandial endothelial dysfunction that was significantly deteriorated by ATGL inhibition, cPLA2 inhibition or by prostacyclin (IP) receptor blockade.In summary, vascular LDs formation induced by exogenous AA or OA was associated with ATGL- and cPLA2-dependent PGI2 production from endogenous AA. The inhibition of ATGL resulted in an impairment of endothelial barrier function in vitro. The inhibition of ATGL-cPLA2-PGI2 dependent pathway resulted in the deterioration of endothelial function upon exposure to olive oil in vivo. In conclusion, vascular ATGL-cPLA2-PGI2 dependent pathway activated by lipid overload and linked to LDs formation in endothelium and smooth muscle cells has a vasoprotective role by counterbalancing detrimental effects of lipid overload on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Banasik
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Wojnar-Lason
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
- Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow, Poland
| | - N Chorazy
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - I Czyzynska-Cichon
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - Z Berkimbayeva
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, Gdansk, Poland
| | - S Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow, Poland.
- Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, Krakow, Poland.
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Lin X, Zhang H, Gao H, Yuan X, Liu Z. The transcription factor CREB3-2 regulated neutral lipase gene expression in ovary of Nilaparvata lugens. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105632. [PMID: 37945264 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 (CREB3) members have unique regulatory roles in cellular lipid metabolism as transcription factors. Two CREB3 proteins in Nilaparvata lugens were identified and analyzed. In ovary, when silencing NlCREB3-2, triacylglycerol (TAG) content dramatically increased but glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) significantly decreased, which implicated that NlCREB3-2 was involved in the lipase-related TAG metabolism. In N. lugens, five neutral lipases with complete features for TAG hydrolytic activity and high expression in ovary were focused. Among them, the expression levels of three neutral lipase genes were significantly down-regulated by NlCREB3-2 RNAi. The direct regulation of NlCREB3-2 towards the three neutral lipase genes was evidenced by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. After jointly silencing three neutral lipase genes, TAG and glycerol contents displayed similar changes as NlCREB3-2 RNAi. The study proved that NlCREB3-2 participated in TAG metabolism in ovary via the direct activation towards the ovary-specific neutral lipase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haoli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaowei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China.
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6
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Zhang H, Fang J, Dai Y, Pan Y, Chu K, Smith ZJ. Rapid Intracellular Detection and Analysis of Lipid Droplets' Morpho-Chemical Composition by Phase-Guided Raman Sampling. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13555-13565. [PMID: 37650651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic, complex organelles involved in nearly all aspects of cellular metabolism. In situ characterization methods are primarily limited to fluorescence imaging, which yields limited chemical information, or Raman spectroscopy, which provides excellent chemical profiling but very low throughput. Here, we propose a new paradigm where locations of both large and small droplets are obtained automatically from high-resolution phase images and fed into a galvomirror-controlled Raman sampling arm to obtain the full spectrum of each LD efficiently. Using this phase-guided Raman sampling, we can characterize hundreds of LDs within a single cell in minutes and easily acquire more than 40,000 high-quality spectra. The data set revealed strong, cell line-dependent, cell-dependent, and individual droplet-dependent composition changes to various culture conditions. In particular, we revealed a strong competitive relationship between mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, where supplementation with one led to a relative decrease in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jingde Fang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yichuan Dai
- Department of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330027, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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7
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Zadoorian A, Du X, Yang H. Lipid droplet biogenesis and functions in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023:10.1038/s41574-023-00845-0. [PMID: 37221402 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous yet unique, lipid droplets are intracellular organelles that are increasingly being recognized for their versatility beyond energy storage. Advances uncovering the intricacies of their biogenesis and the diversity of their physiological and pathological roles have yielded new insights into lipid droplet biology. Despite these insights, the mechanisms governing the biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets remain incompletely understood. Moreover, the causal relationship between the biogenesis and function of lipid droplets and human diseases is poorly resolved. Here, we provide an update on the current understanding of the biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets in health and disease, highlighting a key role for lipid droplet biogenesis in alleviating cellular stresses. We also discuss therapeutic strategies of targeting lipid droplet biogenesis, growth or degradation that could be applied in the future to common diseases, such as cancer, hepatic steatosis and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armella Zadoorian
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ximing Du
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Guerrero-Santoro J, Morizane M, Oh SY, Mishima T, Goff JP, Bildirici I, Sadovsky E, Ouyang Y, Tyurin VA, Tyurina YY, Kagan VE, Sadovsky Y. The lipase cofactor CGI58 controls placental lipolysis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:168717. [PMID: 37212279 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In eutherians, the placenta plays a critical role in the uptake, storage, and metabolism of lipids. These processes govern the availability of fatty acids to the developing fetus, where inadequate supply has been associated with substandard fetal growth. Whereas lipid droplets are essential for the storage of neutral lipids in the placenta and many other tissues, the processes that regulate placental lipid droplet lipolysis remain largely unknown. To assess the role of triglyceride lipases and their cofactors in determining placental lipid droplet and lipid accumulation, we assessed the role of patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2) and comparative gene identification-58 (CGI58) in lipid droplet dynamics in the human and mouse placenta. While both proteins are expressed in the placenta, the absence of CGI58, not PNPLA2, markedly increased placental lipid and lipid droplet accumulation. These changes were reversed upon restoration of CGI58 levels selectively in the CGI58-deficient mouse placenta. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we found that, in addition to PNPLA2, PNPLA9 interacts with CGI58. PNPLA9 was dispensable for lipolysis in the mouse placenta yet contributed to lipolysis in human placental trophoblasts. Our findings establish a crucial role for CGI58 in placental lipid droplet dynamics and, by extension, in nutrient supply to the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Guerrero-Santoro
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mayumi Morizane
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Soo-Young Oh
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takuya Mishima
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie P Goff
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ibrahim Bildirici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elena Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Department of Radiation Oncology; and
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Theodosiou E. Engineering Strategies for Efficient Bioconversion of Glycerol to Value-Added Products by Yarrowia lipolytica. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica has been a valuable biotechnological workhorse for the production of commercially important biochemicals for over 70 years. The knowledge gained so far on the native biosynthetic pathways, as well as the availability of numerous systems and synthetic biology tools, enabled not only the regulation and the redesign of the existing metabolic pathways, but also the introduction of novel synthetic ones; further consolidating the position of the yeast in industrial biotechnology. However, for the development of competitive and sustainable biotechnological production processes, bioengineering should be reinforced by bioprocess optimization strategies. Although there are many published reviews on the bioconversion of various carbon sources to value-added products by Yarrowia lipolytica, fewer works have focused on reviewing up-to-date strain, medium, and process engineering strategies with an aim to emphasize the significance of integrated engineering approaches. The ultimate goal of this work is to summarize the necessary knowledge and inspire novel routes to manipulate at a systems level the yeast biosynthetic machineries by combining strain and bioprocess engineering. Due to the increasing surplus of biodiesel-derived waste glycerol and the favored glycerol-utilization metabolic pathways of Y. lipolytica over other carbon sources, the present review focuses on pure and crude glycerol-based biomanufacturing.
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10
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Sazaki I, Sakurai T, Yamahata A, Mogi S, Inoue N, Ishida K, Kikkai A, Takeshita H, Sakurai A, Takahashi Y, Chiba H, Hui SP. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins Trigger Hepatocellular Oxidative Stress with the Formation of Cholesteryl Ester Hydroperoxide-Enriched Lipid Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054281. [PMID: 36901709 PMCID: PMC10002183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) induce oxidative stress in the liver tissue, leading to hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Precise information on the role of oxLDL in this process is needed to establish strategies for the prevention and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we report the effects of native LDL (nLDL) and oxLDL on lipid metabolism, lipid droplet formation, and gene expression in a human liver-derived C3A cell line. The results showed that nLDL induced lipid droplets enriched with cholesteryl ester (CE) and promoted triglyceride hydrolysis and inhibited oxidative degeneration of CE in association with the altered expression of LIPE, FASN, SCD1, ATGL, and CAT genes. In contrast, oxLDL showed a striking increase in lipid droplets enriched with CE hydroperoxides (CE-OOH) in association with the altered expression of SREBP1, FASN, and DGAT1. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-OOH/PC was increased in oxLDL-supplemented cells as compared with other groups, suggesting that oxidative stress increased hepatocellular damage. Thus, intracellular lipid droplets enriched with CE-OOH appear to play a crucial role in NAFLD and NASH, triggered by oxLDL. We propose oxLDL as a novel therapeutic target and candidate biomarker for NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iku Sazaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamahata
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumire Mogi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Nao Inoue
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Koutaro Ishida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ami Kikkai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hana Takeshita
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo 002-8072, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo 007-0894, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-706-3693
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Jiang Y, Sun Z, Lu K, Wu Z, Xue H, Zhu L, Li G, Feng Y, Wu M, Lin J, Lian J, Yang L. Manipulation of sterol homeostasis for the production of 24-epi-ergosterol in industrial yeast. Nat Commun 2023; 14:437. [PMID: 36707526 PMCID: PMC9883489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinolide (BL) is the most biologically active compound among natural brassinosteroids. However, the agricultural applications are limited by the extremely low natural abundance and the scarcity of synthetic precursors. Here, we employ synthetic biology to construct a yeast cell factory for scalable production of 24-epi-ergosterol, an un-natural sterol, proposed as a precursor for BL semi-synthesis. First, we construct an artificial pathway by introducing a Δ24(28) sterol reductase from plants (DWF1), followed by enzyme directed evolution, to enable de novo biosynthesis of 24-epi-ergosterol in yeast. Subsequently, we manipulate the sterol homeostasis (overexpression of ARE2, YEH1, and YEH2 with intact ARE1), maintaining a balance between sterol acylation and sterol ester hydrolysis, for the production of 24-epi-ergosterol, whose titer reaches to 2.76 g L-1 using fed-batch fermentation. The sterol homeostasis engineering strategy can be applicable for bulk production of other economically important phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhijiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kexin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hailong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guosi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mianbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China. .,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Lirong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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12
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Ho KT, Balboula AZ, Homma K, Takanari J, Bai H, Kawahara M, Thi Kim Nguyen K, Takahashi M. Synergistic effect of standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem and heat shock on progesterone synthesis with lipid droplets and mitochondrial function in bovine granulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 225:106181. [PMID: 36150639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is a well-known steroid hormone that plays a key role in oocyte growth and the maintenance of pregnancy in mammals, including cattle. Heat stress (HS) has an adverse effect on P4 synthesis through an imbalance in the cellular redox status. We have recently revealed that a standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem (EAS) increases P4 through non-HS induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and a synergistic increase of HSP70 by enhancing the intracellular redox balance, which was adversely affected by HS in bovine granulosa cells (GCs). Bovine GCs collected from bovine ovarian follicles were cultured at 38.5 °C and 41 °C for 12 h with or without 5 mg/mL EAS. After treatment, cells and culture suppernatant were collected for the analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect in P4 levels. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect expression of steroidogenesis related genes. Fluorescence staining was used to detect mitochondrial activity and lipid droplet. P4 level was increased by EAS treatment in association with increase in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), mitochondrial membrane activity and lipid droplet both under non-HS and HS conditions. Notably, synergistic effect of EAS with HS co-treatment was observed to show a greater increase in P4 synthesis when comparison with EAS treatment under non-HS condition. Furthermore, inhibition of HSP70 significantly reduced EAS-induced P4 synthesis, mitochondrial activity and synthesis of lipid droplets. These results suggest that P4 synthesis by EAS is mediated by the steroidogenesis pathway via HSP70-regulated activation of STAR and 3β-HSD, together with improved mitochondrial activity and lipid metabolism in bovine GCs. Moreover, effect of EAS has a synergistic effect of with HSP70-regulated steroidogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoi Thieu Ho
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan; College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Kohei Homma
- AMINO UP Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | - Jun Takanari
- AMINO UP Co. Ltd., Sapporo, Hokkaido 004-0839, Japan
| | - Hanako Bai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Takahashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
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13
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Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
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14
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Xue J, Gao H, Xue Y, Shi R, Liu M, Han L, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Zhang F, Zhang H, Jia X, Li R. Functional Characterization of Soybean Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 3 in Yeast and Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:854103. [PMID: 35693158 PMCID: PMC9174931 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) function as the key rate-limiting enzymes in de novo biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) by transferring an acyl group from acyl-CoA to sn-3 of diacylglycerol (DAG) to form TAG. Here, two members of the type 3 DGAT gene family, GmDGAT3-1 and GmDGAT3-2, were identified from the soybean (Glycine max) genome. Both of them were predicted to encode soluble cytosolic proteins containing the typical thioredoxin-like ferredoxin domain. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that GmDGAT3-2 expression was much higher than GmDGAT3-1's in various soybean tissues such as leaves, flowers, and seeds. Functional complementation assay using TAG-deficient yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant H1246 demonstrated that GmDGAT3-2 fully restored TAG biosynthesis in the yeast and preferentially incorporated monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), especially oleic acid (C18:1) into TAGs. This substrate specificity was further verified by fatty-acid feeding assays and in vitro enzyme activity characterization. Notably, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) data showed that heterogeneous expression of GmDGAT3-2 resulted in a significant increase in seed oil and C18:1 levels but little change in contents of protein and starch compared to the EV-transformed tobacco plants. Taken together, GmDGAT3-2 displayed a strong enzymatic activity to catalyze TAG assembly with high substrate specificity for MUFAs, particularly C18:1, playing an important role in the cytosolic pathway of TAG synthesis in soybean. The present findings provide a scientific reference for improving oil yield and FA composition in soybean through gene modification, further expanding our knowledge of TAG biosynthesis and its regulatory mechanism in oilseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinai Xue
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yinghong Xue
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Ruixiang Shi
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lijun Han
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University (Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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15
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Parra-Peralbo E, Talamillo A, Barrio R. Origin and Development of the Adipose Tissue, a Key Organ in Physiology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786129. [PMID: 34993199 PMCID: PMC8724577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ, well known for its function in energy storage and mobilization according to nutrient availability and body needs, in charge of keeping the energetic balance of the organism. During the last decades, adipose tissue has emerged as the largest endocrine organ in the human body, being able to secrete hormones as well as inflammatory molecules and having an important impact in multiple processes such as adipogenesis, metabolism and chronic inflammation. However, the cellular progenitors, development, homeostasis and metabolism of the different types of adipose tissue are not fully known. During the last decade, Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated to be an excellent model to tackle some of the open questions in the field of metabolism and development of endocrine/metabolic organs. Discoveries ranged from new hormones regulating obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis. Here, we review the available evidences on the development, types and functions of adipose tissue in Drosophila and identify some gaps for future research. This may help to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this fascinating key tissue, contributing to establish this organ as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Talamillo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
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16
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Ilias N, Hamzah H, Ismail IS, Mohidin TBM, Idris MF, Ajat M. An insight on the future therapeutic application potential of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112207. [PMID: 34563950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a native plant to Paraguay. The extracts have been used as a famous sweetening agent, and the bioactive components derived from stevia possess a broad spectrum of therapeutical potential for various illnesses. Among its medicinal benefits are anti-hypertensive, anti-tumorigenic, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemia. Statins (3-hydro-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor) are a class of drugs used to treat atherosclerosis. Statins are explicitly targeting the HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme in the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis. Despite being widely used in regulating plasma cholesterol levels, the adverse effects of the drug are a significant concern among clinicians and patients. Hence, steviol glycosides derived from stevia have been proposed as an alternative in replacing statins. Diterpene glycosides from stevia, such as stevioside and rebaudioside A have been evaluated for their efficacy in alleviating cholesterol levels. These glycosides are a potential candidate in treating and preventing atherosclerosis provoked by circulating lipid retention in the sub-endothelial lining of the artery. The present review is an effort to integrate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, involvement of lipid droplets biogenesis and its associated proteins in atherogenesis, current approaches to treat atherosclerosis, and pharmacological potential of stevia in treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazhan Ilias
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
| | - Taznim Begam Mohd Mohidin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Faiz Idris
- Pusat Bahasa dan Pengajian Umum, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Malaysia.
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17
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Brink JTR, Fourie R, Sebolai O, Albertyn J, Pohl CH. The role of lipid droplets in microbial pathogenesis. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34184983 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonpolar lipids present in cells are mainly triacylglycerols and steryl esters. When cells are provided with an abundance of nutrients, these storage lipids accumulate. As large quantities of nonpolar lipids cannot be integrated into membranes, they are isolated from the cytosolic environment in lipid droplets. As specialized, inducible cytoplasmic organelles, lipid droplets have functions beyond the regulation of lipid metabolism, in cell signalling and activation, membrane trafficking and control of inflammatory mediator synthesis and secretion. Pathogens, including fungi, viruses, parasites, or intracellular bacteria can induce and may benefit from lipid droplets in infected cells. Here we review biogenesis of lipid droplets as well as the role of lipid droplets in the pathogenesis of selected viruses, bacteria, protists and yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus T R Brink
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ruan Fourie
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olihile Sebolai
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jacobus Albertyn
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carolina H Pohl
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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18
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Huang J, Zhao Q, Bu W, Zhang C, Yang Z, Zhang X, Zhang K. Ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis of lard for free fatty acids catalyzed by combined two lipases in aqueous medium. Bioengineered 2020; 11:241-250. [PMID: 32091302 PMCID: PMC7039637 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1729678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lard is a by-product of animal processing. It is inexpensive compared with vegetable oils; however, its use is limited due to the high calorific value and high-saturated fatty acid content. While using lard as the source of free fatty acids (FFA) can significantly increase its utilization value. This study aimed to research the method on efficient hydrolysis of lard catalyzed by combi-lipases and assisted with ultrasound pretreatment. A 1,3-specific lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (termed pRML, 1540 U/mL) and a nonspecific mono- and diacylglycerol lipase from Penicillium cyclopium (termed MDL, 2000 U/mL) were used as biocatalysts. Results showed that the maximum hydrolysis rate of lard after 6 h at 45°C by using pRML and MDL alone was, respectively, 39.9% and 8.5%. When pRML combined with MDL (combi-lipases), hydrolysis rate can reach to 78.1%. While combi-lipases were assisted with 5 min ultrasound pretreatment before the reaction, the hydrolysis rate can further increase to 97%. The combi-lipases with different specificity and assisted with ultrasound pretreatment may be a useful technology for the enzyme production of FFA from complex lipid substrates, such as lard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Bu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kaini Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
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19
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Leyland B, Zarka A, Didi-Cohen S, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I. High Resolution Proteome of Lipid Droplets Isolated from the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae) Strain pt4 provides mechanistic insights into complex intracellular coordination during nitrogen deprivation. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:1642-1663. [PMID: 32779202 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are an organelle conserved amongst all eukaryotes, consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a polar lipid monolayer. Many species of microalgae accumulate LDs in response to stress conditions, such as nitrogen starvation. Here, we report the isolation and proteomic profiling of LD proteins from the model oleaginous pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, strain Pt4 (UTEX 646). We also provide a quantitative description of LD morphological ontogeny, and fatty acid content. Novel cell disruption and LD isolation methods, combined with suspension-trapping and nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, yielded an unprecedented number of LD proteins. Predictive annotation of the LD proteome suggests a broad assemblage of proteins with diverse functions, including lipid metabolism and vesicle trafficking, as well as ribosomal and proteasomal machinery. These proteins provide mechanistic insights into LD processes, and evidence for interactions between LDs and other organelles. We identify for the first time several key steps in diatom LD-associated triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Bioinformatic analyses of the LD proteome suggests multiple protein targeting mechanisms, including amphipathic helices, post-translational modifications, and translocation machinery. This work corroborates recent findings from other strains of P. tricornutum, other diatoms, and other eukaryotic organisms, suggesting that the fundamental proteins orchestrating LDs are conserved, and represent an ancient component of the eukaryotic endomembrane system. We postulate a comprehensive model of nitrogen starvation-induced diatom LDs on a molecular scale, and provide a wealth of candidates for metabolic engineering, with the potential to eventually customize LD contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Leyland
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Aliza Zarka
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Shoshana Didi-Cohen
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
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20
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Chrissian C, Lin CPC, Camacho E, Casadevall A, Neiman AM, Stark RE. Unconventional Constituents and Shared Molecular Architecture of the Melanized Cell Wall of C. neoformans and Spore Wall of S. cerevisiae. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E329. [PMID: 33271921 PMCID: PMC7712904 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal cell wall serves as the interface between the cell and the environment. Fungal cell walls are composed largely of polysaccharides, primarily glucans and chitin, though in many fungi stress-resistant cell types elaborate additional cell wall structures. Here, we use solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to compare the architecture of cell wall fractions isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae spores and Cryptococcus neoformans melanized cells. The specialized cell walls of these two divergent fungi are highly similar in composition. Both use chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of chitin, as a scaffold on which a polyaromatic polymer, dityrosine and melanin, respectively, is assembled. Additionally, we demonstrate that a previously identified but uncharacterized component of the S. cerevisiae spore wall is composed of triglycerides, which are also present in the C. neoformans melanized cell wall. Moreover, we identify a tyrosine-derived constituent in the C. neoformans wall that, although it is not dityrosine, is a non-pigment constituent of the cell wall. The similar composition of the walls of these two phylogenetically distant species suggests that triglycerides, polyaromatics, and chitosan are basic building blocks used to assemble highly stress-resistant cell walls and the use of these constituents may be broadly conserved in other fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chrissian
- CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Coney Pei-Chen Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Emma Camacho
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Aaron M. Neiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Ruth E. Stark
- CUNY Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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21
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Huang X, Sun J, Bian C, Ji S, Ji H. Perilipin 1-3 in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella: molecular characterization, gene structure, tissue distribution, and mRNA expression in DHA-induced lipid droplet formation in adipocytes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2311-2322. [PMID: 32996002 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perilipin family is the main structural proteins of lipid droplet (LD) that is intracellular neutral lipid store ponds, and regulates LD assembly and formation, and is crucial for lipid metabolism. Here three paralogs of perilipin family were characterized from grass carp and their complete coding sequences (CDS) were obtained, including perilipin1, perilipin2, and perilipin3, coding peptides of 492, 454, and 419 amino acids, respectively. The alignment of the homology of grass carp perilipin deduced amino acid sequences with other teleost species showed that the homology with mammalian was less than 55%. PAT (perilipin) domain in mammalian was also predicted in grass carp perilipin 1-3 proteins. Genomic organization analysis revealed that grass carp perilipin1 contained 6 coding exons, while both perilipin2 and perilipin3 consisted of 7 coding exons. The mRNA encoding three paralogs were expressed in a wide range of tissues; perilipin1-3 were primarily expressed in adipose tissue and liver; besides, perilipin3 was also highly expressed in the heart. In vitro, 200 μM DHA increased the proportion of smaller lipid droplets effectively in fully differentiated adipocytes of grass carp. The mRNA expression of perilipin1, perilipin2, and perilipin3 was significantly increased in the adipocytes treated with DHA (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The same responses of different paralogs in the adipocytes during DHA treatment suggest that they might play synergistic roles in the formation of LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chenchen Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shanghong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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22
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Cloherty AP, Olmstead AD, Ribeiro CM, Jean F. Hijacking of Lipid Droplets by Hepatitis C, Dengue and Zika Viruses-From Viral Protein Moonlighting to Extracellular Release. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7901. [PMID: 33114346 PMCID: PMC7662613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hijacking and manipulation of host cell biosynthetic pathways by human enveloped viruses are essential for the viral lifecycle. Flaviviridae members, including hepatitis C, dengue and Zika viruses, extensively manipulate host lipid metabolism, underlining the importance of lipid droplets (LDs) in viral infection. LDs are dynamic cytoplasmic organelles that can act as sequestration platforms for a unique subset of host and viral proteins. Transient recruitment and mobilization of proteins to LDs during viral infection impacts host-cell biological properties, LD functionality and canonical protein functions. Notably, recent studies identified LDs in the nucleus and also identified that LDs are transported extracellularly via an autophagy-mediated mechanism, indicating a novel role for autophagy in Flaviviridae infections. These developments underline an unsuspected diversity and localization of LDs and potential moonlighting functions of LD-associated proteins during infection. This review summarizes recent breakthroughs concerning the LD hijacking activities of hepatitis C, dengue and Zika viruses and potential roles of cytoplasmic, nuclear and extracellular LD-associated viral proteins during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P.M. Cloherty
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.P.M.C.); (C.M.S.R.)
| | - Andrea D. Olmstead
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 3559–2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada;
| | - Carla M.S. Ribeiro
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.P.M.C.); (C.M.S.R.)
| | - François Jean
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 3559–2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada;
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23
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Chattopadhyay A, Singh R, Mitra M, Das AK, Maiti MK. Identification and functional characterization of a lipid droplet protein CtLDP1 from an oleaginous yeast Candida tropicalis SY005. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Banerjee A, Sharma T, Nautiyal AK, Dasgupta D, Hazra S, Bhaskar T, Ghosh D. Scale-up strategy for yeast single cell oil production for Rhodotorula mucilagenosa IIPL32 from corn cob derived pentosan. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123329. [PMID: 32315915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed to strategically scale-up the yeast lipid production process using Reynolds number as a standard rheological parameter from 50 mL to 50 L scale. Oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32 was cultivated in xylose rich corncob hydrolysate. The fermentation process for growth and maturation was operated in fed-batch with two different C/N ratios of 40 and 60. The hydrodynamic parameters were used to standardize and represent the effect of rheology on the fermentation process. The growth pattern of the yeast was found similar in both shake flask and fermenter with the maximum growth observed at 48 h. The lipid yield increased from 0.4 g/L and 0.5 g/L to 1.3 g/L and 1.83 g/L for 50 mL to 50 L for C/N ratio 40 and 60 respectively. The increase in productivity during the growth phase and lipid accumulation during the maturation phase showed that the scale-up strategy was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Abhilek K Nautiyal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Diptarka Dasgupta
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India.
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25
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Lindo L, Cardoza RE, Lorenzana A, Casquero PA, Gutiérrez S. Identification of plant genes putatively involved in the perception of fungal ergosterol-squalene. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:927-947. [PMID: 31436383 PMCID: PMC7383801 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma biocontrol strains establish a complex network of interactions with plants, in which diverse fungal molecules are involved in the recognition of these fungi as nonpathogenic organisms. These molecules act as microbial-associated molecular patterns that trigger plant responses. Previous studies have reported the importance of ergosterol produced by Trichoderma spp. for the ability of these fungi to induce plant growth and defenses. In addition, squalene, a sterol biosynthetic intermediate, seems to play an important role in these interactions. Here, we analyzed the effect of different concentrations of ergosterol and squalene on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and on the transcription level of defense- and growth-related genes. We used an RNA-seq strategy to identify several tomato genes encoding predicted pattern recognition receptor proteins or WRKY transcription factors, both of which are putatively involved in the perception and response to ergosterol and squalene. Finally, an analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the genes homologous to these tomato candidates led to the identification of a WRKY40 transcription factor that negatively regulates salicylic acid-related genes and positively regulates ethylene- and jasmonate-related genes in the presence of ergosterol and squalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lindo
- Area of MicrobiologyUniversity of León, Campus of PonferradaPonferradaSpain
- University Group of Research in Engineering and Sustainable AgricultureUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | - Rosa E. Cardoza
- Area of MicrobiologyUniversity of León, Campus of PonferradaPonferradaSpain
- University Group of Research in Engineering and Sustainable AgricultureUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | - Alicia Lorenzana
- University Group of Research in Engineering and Sustainable AgricultureUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | - Pedro A. Casquero
- University Group of Research in Engineering and Sustainable AgricultureUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
| | - Santiago Gutiérrez
- Area of MicrobiologyUniversity of León, Campus of PonferradaPonferradaSpain
- University Group of Research in Engineering and Sustainable AgricultureUniversity of LeónLeónSpain
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26
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Wang T, Wei Q, Liang L, Tang X, Yao J, Lu Y, Qu Y, Chen Z, Xing G, Cao X. OSBPL2 Is Required for the Binding of COPB1 to ATGL and the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Lipolysis. iScience 2020; 23:101252. [PMID: 32650117 PMCID: PMC7348002 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of giant lipid droplets (LDs) increases the risk of metabolic disorders including obesity and insulin resistance. The lipolysis process involves the activation and transfer of lipase, but the molecular mechanism is not completely understood. The translocation of ATGL, a critical lipolysis lipase, from the ER to the LD surface is mediated by an energy catabolism complex. Oxysterol-binding protein-like 2 (OSBPL2/ORP2) is one of the lipid transfer proteins that regulates intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. A recent study has proven that Osbpl2−/− pigs exhibit hypercholesterolemia and obesity phenotypes with an increase in adipocytes. In this study, we identified that OSBPL2 links the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with LDs, binds to COPB1, and mediates ATGL transport. We provide important insights into the function of OSBPL2, indicating that it is required for the regulation of lipid droplet lipolysis. LD lipolysis is impaired in OSBPL2/osbpl2b-mutant HepG2 cells and zebrafish OSBPL2 interacts with COPB1, a subunit of the COPI complex located on LDs Altered COPI complexes on LDs may perturb the trafficking of lipolysis lipase ATGL
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qinjun Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lihong Liang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xujun Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yajie Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guangqian Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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27
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Heterogeneity of chemical composition of lipid droplets in endothelial inflammation and apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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You J, Mallery K, Mashek DG, Sanders M, Hong J, Hondzo M. Microalgal swimming signatures and neutral lipids production across growth phases. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:970-980. [PMID: 31956983 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been shown as a potential bioresource for food, biofuel, and pharmaceutical products. During the growth phases with corresponding environmental conditions, microalgae accumulate different amounts of various metabolites. We quantified the neutral lipids accumulation and analyzed the swimming signatures (speed and trajectories) of the motile green alga, Dunaliella primolecta, during the lag-exponential-stationary growth cycle at different nutrient concentrations. We discovered significant changes in the neutral lipid content and swimming signatures of microalgae across growth phases. The timing of the maximum swimming speed coincided with the maximum neutral lipid content and both maxima occurred under nutrient stress at the stationary growth phase. Furthermore, the swimming trajectories suggested statistically significant changes in swimming modes at the stationary growth phase when the maximum intracellular neutral lipid content was observed. Our results provide the potential exploitation of microalgal swimming signatures as possible indicators of the cultivation conditions and the timing of microalgal harvest to maximize the lipid yield for biofuel production. The findings can also be implemented to explore the production of food and antibiotics from other microalgal metabolites with low energy costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi You
- St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minnesota.,Department of Civil, Environmental and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minnesota
| | - Kevin Mallery
- St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minnesota.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minnesota
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minnesota
| | - Mark Sanders
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University Imaging Centers, University of Minnesota, Minnesota
| | - Jiarong Hong
- St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minnesota.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minnesota
| | - Miki Hondzo
- St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minnesota.,Department of Civil, Environmental and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minnesota
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29
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Kiegerl B, Tavassoli M, Smart H, Shabits BN, Zaremberg V, Athenstaedt K. Phosphorylation of the lipid droplet localized glycerol‑3‑phosphate acyltransferase Gpt2 prevents a futile triacylglycerol cycle in yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:158509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Pereira dos Reis V, Macedo Tavares MN, Alves Rego CM, Ferreira e Ferreira AA, da Silva Setubal S, Soares AM, Zamuner SR, Zuliani JP. Light emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation therapy on murine macrophage exposed to Bothropstoxin-I and Bothropstoxin-II myotoxins. Toxicon 2019; 172:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.10.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Varghese M, Kimler VA, Ghazi FR, Rathore GK, Perkins GA, Ellisman MH, Granneman JG. Adipocyte lipolysis affects Perilipin 5 and cristae organization at the cardiac lipid droplet-mitochondrial interface. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4734. [PMID: 30894648 PMCID: PMC6426865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of elevated fatty acid (FA) supply from adipose tissue on the ultrastructure of cardiac lipid droplets (LDs) and the expression and organization of LD scaffold proteins perilipin-2 (PLIN2) and perilipin-5 (PLIN5). Stimulation of adipocyte lipolysis by fasting (24 h) or β3-adrenergic receptor activation by CL316, 243 (CL) increased cardiac triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and LD size, whereas CL treatment also increased LD number. LDs were tightly associated with mitochondria, which was maintained during LD expansion. Electron tomography (ET) studies revealed continuity of LD and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), suggesting interconnections among LDs. Under fed ad libitum conditions, the cristae of mitochondria that apposed LD were mostly organized perpendicularly to the tangent of the LD surface. Fasting significantly reduced, whereas CL treatment greatly increased, the perpendicular alignment of mitochondrial cristae. Fasting and CL treatment strongly upregulated PLIN5 protein and PLIN2 to a lesser extent. Immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy demonstrated strong targeting of PLIN5 to the cardiac LD-mitochondrial interface, but not to the mitochondrial matrix. CL treatment augmented PLIN5 targeting to the LD-mitochondrial interface, whereas PLIN2 was not significantly affected. Together, our results support the concept that the interface between LD and cardiac mitochondria represents an organized and dynamic "metabolic synapse" that is highly responsive to FA trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Varghese
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Victoria A Kimler
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Fariha R Ghazi
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Gurnoor K Rathore
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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32
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Majzner K, Tott S, Roussille L, Deckert V, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Uptake of fatty acids by a single endothelial cell investigated by Raman spectroscopy supported by AFM. Analyst 2019; 143:970-980. [PMID: 29372724 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, confocal Raman imaging was used to study the formation of lipid droplets (LDs) in vitro in a single endothelial cell upon incubation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (10 or 25 μM) including arachidonic acid (AA) and its deuterated analog (AA-d8), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Based on the Raman spectra obtained from a single endothelial cell, it was possible to investigate biochemical changes induced by addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In particular, the content of lipids in the formed LDs and the unsaturation degree were identified by Raman spectroscopy by marker bands at 1660 cm-1 due to the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C stretching and at ∼3015 cm-1 due to the stretching mode of [double bond, length as m-dash]C-H associated with C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bonds (except for a deuterated form where these bands are shifted respectively). To establish if the exogenous fatty acid was taken up by the cell and stored in LDs, a deuterium labelled polyunsaturated fatty acid was used. AA-d8 shows characteristic bands at around 2200-2300 cm-1 assigned to the [double bond, length as m-dash]C-D stretching modes. We established the uptake of AA and the accumulation of EPA into newly formed LDs in the endothelial cells. In contrast, no accumulation of DHA in LDs was observed even though LDs were formed upon DHA incubation. Furthermore, using AFM we demonstrated that the presence of LDs in the endothelium affected endothelial stiffness which could have pathophysiological significance. In summary, the results suggest that the formation of LDs in the endothelium involves exogenous and endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids, and their relative contribution to the LD formation seems distinct for AA, EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Majzner
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
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33
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Rapoport A, Golovina EA, Gervais P, Dupont S, Beney L. Anhydrobiosis: Inside yeast cells. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:51-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Maraschin FDS, Kulcheski FR, Segatto ALA, Trenz TS, Barrientos-Diaz O, Margis-Pinheiro M, Margis R, Turchetto-Zolet AC. Enzymes of glycerol-3-phosphate pathway in triacylglycerol synthesis in plants: Function, biotechnological application and evolution. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 73:46-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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35
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Aymé L, Arragain S, Canonge M, Baud S, Touati N, Bimai O, Jagic F, Louis-Mondésir C, Briozzo P, Fontecave M, Chardot T. Arabidopsis thaliana DGAT3 is a [2Fe-2S] protein involved in TAG biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17254. [PMID: 30467384 PMCID: PMC6250708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases 3 (DGAT3) are described as plant cytosolic enzymes synthesizing triacylglycerol. Their protein sequences exhibit a thioredoxin-like ferredoxin domain typical of a class of ferredoxins harboring a [2Fe-2S] cluster. The Arabidopsis thaliana DGAT3 (AtDGAT3; At1g48300) protein is detected in germinating seeds. The recombinant purified protein produced from Escherichia coli, although very unstable, exhibits DGAT activity in vitro. A shorter protein version devoid of its N-terminal putative chloroplast transit peptide, Δ46AtDGAT3, was more stable in vitro, allowing biochemical and spectroscopic characterization. The results obtained demonstrate the presence of a [2Fe-2S] cluster in the protein. To date, AtDGAT3 is the first metalloprotein described as a DGAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Aymé
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Simon Arragain
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Université Paris 6, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris, CEDEX 05, France
| | - Michel Canonge
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Nadia Touati
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Ornella Bimai
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Université Paris 6, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris, CEDEX 05, France
| | - Franjo Jagic
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Christelle Louis-Mondésir
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Pierre Briozzo
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229 CNRS, Collège de France, Université Paris 6, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris, CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Thierry Chardot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France.
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36
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Simultaneous production of single cell oil and fumaric acid by a newly isolated yeast Aureobasidium pullulans var. aubasidani DH177. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1707-1716. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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37
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Chen A, Chen X, Cheng S, Shu L, Yan M, Yao L, Wang B, Huang S, Zhou L, Yang Z, Liu G. FTO promotes SREBP1c maturation and enhances CIDEC transcription during lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:538-548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Xu S, Zhang X, Liu P. Lipid droplet proteins and metabolic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1968-1983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Daemen S, van Polanen N, Hesselink MKC. The effect of diet and exercise on lipid droplet dynamics in human muscle tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29514886 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.167015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The majority of fat in the human body is stored as triacylglycerols in white adipose tissue. In the obese state, adipose tissue mass expands and excess lipids are stored in non-adipose tissues, such as skeletal muscle. Lipids are stored in skeletal muscle in the form of small lipid droplets. Although originally viewed as dull organelles that simply store lipids as a consequence of lipid overflow from adipose tissue, lipid droplets are now recognized as key components in the cell that exert a variety of relevant functions in multiple tissues (including muscle). Here, we review the effect of diet and exercise interventions on myocellular lipid droplets and their putative role in insulin sensitivity from a human perspective. We also provide an overview of lipid droplet biology and identify gaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Daemen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke van Polanen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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40
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Auclair N, Melbouci L, St-Pierre D, Levy E. Gastrointestinal factors regulating lipid droplet formation in the intestine. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:1-14. [PMID: 29305172 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLD) are considered as neutral lipid reservoirs, which protect cells from lipotoxicity. It became clear that these fascinating dynamic organelles play a role not only in energy storage and metabolism, but also in cellular lipid and protein handling, inter-organelle communication, and signaling among diverse functions. Their dysregulation is associated with multiple disorders, including obesity, liver steatosis and cardiovascular diseases. The central aim of this review is to highlight the link between intra-enterocyte CLD dynamics and the formation of chylomicrons, the main intestinal dietary lipid vehicle, after overviewing the morphology, molecular composition, biogenesis and functions of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Auclair
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - L Melbouci
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Department of Sciences and Physical Activities, UQAM, Quebec, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - D St-Pierre
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Department of Sciences and Physical Activities, UQAM, Quebec, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - E Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6.
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41
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Yin J, Peng M, Ma Y, Guo R, Lin W. Rational design of a lipid-droplet-polarity based fluorescent probe for potential cancer diagnosis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12093-12096. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07398h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have rationally designed a robust fluorescent probe CTPA for potential cancer diagnosis by monitoring LD numbers and polarity variation. With the outstanding solvatochromism and high specificity for LDs of CTPA, the diagnosis of cancer can be achieved not only at the cellular levels but also in organs and living mice for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Min Peng
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
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42
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Mironov AF, Grin MA, Pantushenko IV, Ostroverkhov PV, Ivanenkov YA, Filkov GI, Plotnikova EA, Karmakova TA, Starovoitova AV, Burmistrova NV, Yuzhakov VV, Romanko YS, Abakumov MA, Ignatova AA, Feofanov AV, Kaplan MA, Yakubovskaya RI, Tsigankov AA, Majouga AG. Synthesis and Investigation of Photophysical and Biological Properties of Novel S-Containing Bacteriopurpurinimides. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10220-10230. [PMID: 29202233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel hybrid molecule containing 2-mercaptoethylamine was synthesized starting from O-propyloxime-N-propoxy bacteriopurpurinimide (dipropoxy-BPI), which was readily oxidized in oxygen atmosphere yielding the corresponding disulfide analogue (disulfide-BPI). Spectral, photophysical, photodynamic, and biological properties of compound were properly evaluated. Compounds bearing disulfide moiety can directly interact with glutathione (GSH), thereby reducing its intracellular concentration. Indeed, mice sarcoma S37 cell line was treated in vitro with disulfide-BPI, yielding a CC50 value of 0.05 ± 0.005 μM. A relatively high level of singlet oxygen was detected. It was demonstrated (by fluorescence) that the PS was rapidly accumulated in a cancer nest (S37) at a relatively high level after 2 h upon intravenous administration. After 24 h, no traces of the molecule were detected in the tumor mass. Moreover, high photodynamic efficiency was demonstrated at doses of 150-300 J/cm2 against two different in vivo tumor models, achieving 100% regression of cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey F Mironov
- Moscow Technological University , 86 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Grin
- Moscow Technological University , 86 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Ivan V Pantushenko
- Moscow Technological University , 86 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Petr V Ostroverkhov
- Moscow Technological University , 86 Vernadsky Avenue, Moscow 119571, Russia
| | - Yan A Ivanenkov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics Ufa Science Centre Russian Academy of Sciences (IBG RAS), Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russian Federation
| | - Gleb I Filkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) , 9 Institutskiy Per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Plotnikova
- Branch, National Medical Radiology Research Center, P. A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute , 3 2nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Karmakova
- Branch, National Medical Radiology Research Center, P. A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute , 3 2nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Anna V Starovoitova
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre (A. Tsyb MRRC) , 10 Zhukov Street, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249031, Russia
| | - Nelli V Burmistrova
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre (A. Tsyb MRRC) , 10 Zhukov Street, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249031, Russia
| | - Vadim V Yuzhakov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre (A. Tsyb MRRC) , 10 Zhukov Street, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249031, Russia
| | - Yuri S Romanko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre (A. Tsyb MRRC) , 10 Zhukov Street, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249031, Russia
| | - Maxim A Abakumov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU) , 1 Ostrovitianov Street, Moscow 117997, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology MISiS , Leninsky Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A Ignatova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS , GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1/70, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Alexey V Feofanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS , GSP-7, Ulitsa Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.,Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1/70, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Kaplan
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre (A. Tsyb MRRC) , 10 Zhukov Street, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, 249031, Russia
| | - Raisa I Yakubovskaya
- Branch, National Medical Radiology Research Center, P. A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute , 3 2nd Botkinskiy Proezd, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Anatoliy A Tsigankov
- Institute of Fundamental Problems of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences Pushino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Alexander G Majouga
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory, Building 1/3, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology MISiS , Leninsky Prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
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43
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Jeennor S, Veerana M, Anantayanon J, Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Laoteng K. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 of Mortierella alpina with specificity on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: A potential tool for reconstituting lipids with nutritional value. J Biotechnol 2017; 263:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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44
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Yuzbasheva EY, Mostova EB, Andreeva NI, Yuzbashev TV, Fedorov AS, Konova IA, Sineoky SP. A metabolic engineering strategy for producing free fatty acids by the Yarrowia lipolytica yeast based on impairment of glycerol metabolism. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:433-443. [PMID: 28832949 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, bio-based production of free fatty acids from renewable resources has attracted attention for their potential as precursors for the production of biofuels and biochemicals. In this study, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was engineered to produce free fatty acids by eliminating glycerol metabolism. Free fatty acid production was monitored under lipogenic conditions with glycerol as a limiting factor. Firstly, the strain W29 (Δgpd1), which is deficient in glycerol synthesis, was obtained. However, W29 (Δgpd1) showed decreased biomass accumulation and glucose consumption in lipogenic medium containing a limiting supply of glycerol. Analysis of substrate utilization from a mixture of glucose and glycerol by the parental strain W29 revealed that glycerol was metabolized first and glucose utilization was suppressed. Thus, the Δgpd1Δgut2 double mutant, which is deficient also in glycerol catabolism, was constructed. In this genetic background, growth was repressed by glycerol. Oleate toxicity was observed in the Δgpd1Δgut2Δpex10 triple mutant strain which is deficient additionally in peroxisome biogenesis. Consequently, two consecutive rounds of selection of spontaneous mutants were performed. A mutant released from growth repression by glycerol was able to produce 136.8 mg L-1 of free fatty acids in a test tube, whereas the wild type accumulated only 30.2 mg L-1 . Next, an isolated oleate-resistant strain produced 382.8 mg L-1 of free fatty acids. Finely, acyl-CoA carboxylase gene (ACC1) over-expression resulted to production of 1436.7 mg L-1 of free fatty acids. The addition of dodecane promoted free fatty acid secretion and enhanced the level of free fatty acids up to 2033.8 mg L-1 during test tube cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Y Yuzbasheva
- Bioresource Center Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (BRC VKPM), State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms (GosNIIgenetika), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta B Mostova
- Bioresource Center Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (BRC VKPM), State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms (GosNIIgenetika), Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia I Andreeva
- Bioresource Center Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (BRC VKPM), State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms (GosNIIgenetika), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tigran V Yuzbashev
- Bioresource Center Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (BRC VKPM), State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms (GosNIIgenetika), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Fedorov
- Bioresource Center Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (BRC VKPM), State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms (GosNIIgenetika), Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Konova
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," NBICS-Centre, Biotechnology and Bioenergy Laboratory, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey P Sineoky
- Bioresource Center Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (BRC VKPM), State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms (GosNIIgenetika), Moscow, Russia
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45
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Nishimoto Y, Tamori Y. CIDE Family-Mediated Unique Lipid Droplet Morphology in White Adipose Tissue and Brown Adipose Tissue Determines the Adipocyte Energy Metabolism. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:989-998. [PMID: 28883211 PMCID: PMC5656771 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) stores energy as triacylglycerol in preparation for fasting state. In contrast, brown adipose tissue (BAT) consumes energy and produces heat in a cold environment. One of the major differences between these two adipose tissues is the morphology of the intracellular lipid droplet (LD), which is large and unilocular in WAT and small and multilocular in BAT. Although the fat-specific protein 27 alpha (FSP27α), belonging to the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor A (DFFA)-like effector (Cide) family, was known to be indispensable for large unilocular LD formation in WAT, the mechanism that regulated small multilocular LD formation in BAT remained unknown. We recently uncovered that FSP27β, a novel isoform of FSP27 abundantly expressed in BAT, plays a crucial role in small multilocular LD formation by inhibiting the homodimerization of CideA in BAT. We speculate that unilocular LD formation is ideal for efficient lipid storage in WAT because lipolysis from the LD surface is restricted due to the minimum LD surface area. In addition, hydrolyzed free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol can efficiently flow out into the circulation from the cell surface. In contrast, small multilocular LD formation is ideal for efficient intracellular lipolysis from the LD surface and the subsequent facilitation of FFA transport to mitochondria that are adjacent to LDs for β-oxidation in BAT. Thus, intracellular LD morphology is closely related to the functions and characteristics of adipose tissues. Given that the browning of adipose tissue leads to enhanced energy expenditure and the prevention of obesity, clarification of the mechanism with respect to intracellular LD formation is very meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nishimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshikazu Tamori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Chibune General Hospital
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46
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Klein I, Korber M, Athenstaedt K, Daum G. The impact of nonpolar lipids on the regulation of the steryl ester hydrolases Tgl1p and Yeh1p in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1491-1501. [PMID: 28866104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae degradation of steryl esters is catalyzed by the steryl ester hydrolases Tgl1p, Yeh1p and Yeh2p. The two steryl ester hydrolases Tgl1p and Yeh1p localize to lipid droplets, a cell compartment storing steryl esters and triacylglycerols. In the present study we investigated regulatory aspects of these two hydrolytic enzymes, namely the gene expression level, protein amount, stability and enzyme activity of Tgl1p and Yeh1p in strains lacking both or only one of the two major nonpolar lipids, steryl esters and triacylglycerols. In a strain lacking both nonpolar lipids and consequently lipid droplets, Tgl1p as well as Yeh1p were present at low amount, became highly unstable compared to wild-type cells, and lost their enzymatic activity. Under these conditions both steryl ester hydrolases were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. The lack of steryl esters alone was not sufficient to cause an altered intracellular localization of Tgl1p and Yeh1p. Surprisingly, the stability of Tgl1p and Yeh1p was markedly reduced in a strain lacking triacylglycerols, but their capacity to mobilize steryl esters remained unaffected. We also tested a possible cross-regulation of Tgl1p and Yeh1p by analyzing the behavior of each hydrolase in the absence of its counterpart steryl ester hydrolases. In summary, this study demonstrates a strong regulation of the two lipid droplet associated steryl ester hydrolases Tgl1p and Yeh1p due to the presence/absence of their host organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Klein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NaWi Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Korber
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NaWi Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Athenstaedt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NaWi Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, NaWi Graz, Austria.
| | - Günther Daum
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NaWi Graz, Austria.
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47
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Onal G, Kutlu O, Gozuacik D, Dokmeci Emre S. Lipid Droplets in Health and Disease. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:128. [PMID: 28662670 PMCID: PMC5492776 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are essential building blocks synthesized by complex molecular pathways and deposited as lipid droplets (LDs) in cells. LDs are evolutionary conserved organelles found in almost all organisms, from bacteria to mammals. They are composed of a hydrophobic neutral lipid core surrounding by a phospholipid monolayer membrane with various decorating proteins. Degradation of LDs provide metabolic energy for divergent cellular processes such as membrane synthesis and molecular signaling. Lipolysis and autophagy are two main catabolic pathways of LDs, which regulate lipid metabolism and, thereby, closely engaged in many pathological conditons. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current knowledge on the structural properties and the biogenesis of LDs. We further focus on the recent findings of their catabolic mechanism by lipolysis and autophagy as well as their connection ragarding the regulation and function. Moreover, we discuss the relevance of LDs and their catabolism-dependent pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Onal
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kutlu
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM) & Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering Program & Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Dokmeci Emre
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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48
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Yadav PK, Rajasekharan R. The m 6A methyltransferase Ime4 epitranscriptionally regulates triacylglycerol metabolism and vacuolar morphology in haploid yeast cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13727-13744. [PMID: 28655762 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.783761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is among the most common modifications in eukaryotic mRNA. The role of yeast m6A methyltransferase, Ime4, in meiosis and sporulation in diploid strains is very well studied, but its role in haploid strains has remained unknown. Here, with the help of an immunoblotting strategy and Ime4-GFP protein localization studies, we establish the physiological role of Ime4 in haploid cells. Our data showed that Ime4 epitranscriptionally regulates triacylglycerol metabolism and vacuolar morphology through the long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase Faa1, independently of the RNA methylation complex (MIS complex). The MIS complex consists of the Ime4, Mum2, and Slz1 proteins. Our affinity enrichment strategy (methylated RNA immunoprecipitation assays) using m6A polyclonal antibodies coupled with mRNA isolation, quantitative real-time PCR, and standard PCR analyses confirmed the presence of m6A-modified FAA1 transcripts in haploid yeast cells. The term "epitranscriptional regulation" encompasses the RNA modification-mediated regulation of genes. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Aft2 transcription factor up-regulates FAA1 expression. Because the m6A methylation machinery is fundamentally conserved throughout eukaryotes, our findings will help advance the rapidly emerging field of RNA epitranscriptomics. The metabolic link identified here between m6A methylation and triacylglycerol metabolism via the Ime4 protein provides new insights into lipid metabolism and the pathophysiology of lipid-related metabolic disorders, such as obesity. Because the yeast vacuole is an analogue of the mammalian lysosome, our findings pave the way to better understand the role of m6A methylation in lysosome-related functions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Yadav
- From the Lipidomic Centre, Department of Lipid Science, and.,the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Ram Rajasekharan
- From the Lipidomic Centre, Department of Lipid Science, and .,the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India
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49
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Yadav PK, Rajasekharan R. Cardiolipin deficiency causes triacylglycerol accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 434:89-103. [PMID: 28432553 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In yeast, the synthesis of cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) occurs mainly in mitochondria. CL and PE have overlapping functions, and they are required for mitochondrial function. PE is physiologically linked with triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, involving an acyl-CoA-independent pathway through the phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity of the Lro1 protein. There is no report on the physiological link between CL and TAG metabolism. Here we report a metabolic link between CL and TAG accumulation in the S. cerevisiae. Our data indicated that CL deficiency causes TAG accumulation, involving an acyl-CoA-dependent pathway through the diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity of the Dga1 protein with no changes in the TAG molecular species. The DGA1 gene deletion from the CL-deficient strains reduced the TAG levels. Data from in vitro and in vivo analyses showed that CL did not affect the enzymatic activity of Dga1. Our data also showed that CL deficiency leads to the up-regulation of acetyl-CoA synthetase genes (ACS1 and ACS2) of the cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass pathway. This study establishes a physiological link between CL and TAG metabolism in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Yadav
- Lipidomic Centre, Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, India
| | - Ram Rajasekharan
- Lipidomic Centre, Department of Lipid Science, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysore, India.
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Sánchez-Carbente MDR, Batista-García RA, Sánchez-Reyes A, Escudero-Garcia A, Morales-Herrera C, Cuervo-Soto LI, French-Pacheco L, Fernández-Silva A, Amero C, Castillo E, Folch-Mallol JL. The first description of a hormone-sensitive lipase from a basidiomycete: Structural insights and biochemical characterization revealed Bjerkandera adusta BaEstB as a novel esterase. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28251842 PMCID: PMC5552909 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterologous expression and characterization of a Hormone-Sensitive Lipases (HSL) esterase (BaEstB) from the Basidiomycete fungus Bjerkandera adusta is reported for the first time. According to structural analysis, amino acid similarities and conservation of particular motifs, it was established that this enzyme belongs to the (HSL) family. The cDNA sequence consisted of 969 nucleotides, while the gene comprised 1133, including three introns of 57, 50, and 57 nucleotides. Through three-dimensional modeling and phylogenetic analysis, we conclude that BaEstB is an ortholog of the previously described RmEstB-HSL from the phylogenetically distant fungus Rhizomucor miehei. The purified BaEstB was characterized in terms of its specificity for the hydrolysis of different acyl substrates confirming its low lipolytic activity and a noticeable esterase activity. The biochemical characterization of BaEstB, the DLS analysis and the kinetic parameters determination revealed this enzyme as a true esterase, preferentially found in a dimeric state, displaying activity under alkaline conditions and relative low temperature (pH = 10, 20°C). Our data suggest that BaEstB is more active on substrates with short acyl chains and bulky aromatic moieties. Phylogenetic data allow us to suggest that a number of fungal hypothetical proteins could belong to the HSL family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramón Alberto Batista-García
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ayixón Sánchez-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Angela Escudero-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Catalina Morales-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Laura I Cuervo-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Leidys French-Pacheco
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Arline Fernández-Silva
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carlos Amero
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Edmundo Castillo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Folch-Mallol
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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