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Mao J, Li M, Wang X, Wang B, Luo P, Wang G, Guo X. Exploring the mechanism of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi in the regulation of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118703. [PMID: 39154668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi is a traditional medicinal and edible homologous plant rich in flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, polysaccharides and other chemical components. At present, studies have shown that Pueraria lobata radix (PR) has the effect of lowering blood sugar, improving insulin sensitivity and inhibiting obesity. However, the specific mechanism of PR inhibits obesity is still unclear, and there are few researches on the anti-obesity effect of PR through the combination of network pharmacology and experiment. AIM OF THE STUDY Pharmacology, molecular docking technology and experimental verification through the network, revealing the PR the material basis of obesity and the potential mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study used network pharmacology techniques to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of action of PR. Through relevant databases, a total of 6 main chemical components and 257 potential targets were screened. Protein interaction analysis shows that AKT1, AKR1B1, PPARG, MMP9, TNF, TP53, BAD, and BCL2 are core targets. Enrichment analysis shows that the pathway of PR in preventing obesity involves the cancer signaling pathway and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which may be the main pathways of action. Further molecular docking verification indicates that its core target exhibits good binding activity with 4 compounds: formononectin, purerin, 7,8,4 '- trihydroxide and daidzein. Using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) technology to detected and confirmed these main compounds. Cell experiment results revealed that puerarin inhibits cell proliferation and differentiation in a concentration dependent manner, significantly promoting cell apoptosis and affecting cell migration. Animal experiments have shown that puerarin reduces food intake and weight gain in mice. It was found that puerarin can upregulate HDL and downregulate TC, TG, and LDL blood biochemical indicators. Western blot results showed that puerarin significantly inhibited the expression of AKT1, AKR1B1, MMP9, TNF, TP53, BCL2, PPARG, and significantly increased the expression of BAD protein at both cellular and animal levels. CONCLUSION The present study established a method for measuring PR content and predicted its active ingredients and their mechanisms of action in the treatment of obesity, providing a theoretical basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Mao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China; Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Maolin Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Peng Luo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Guoze Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China.
| | - Xiulan Guo
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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Yapryntseva MA, Zhivotovsky B, Gogvadze V. Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane: Mechanisms and consequences. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167317. [PMID: 38909847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane is а physiological process that can allow certain molecules to pass through it, such as low molecular weight solutes required for cellular respiration. This process is also important for the development of various modes of cell death. Depending on the severity of this process, cells can die by autophagy, apoptosis, or necrosis/necroptosis. Distinct types of pores can be opened at the outer mitochondrial membrane depending on physiological or pathological stimuli, and different mechanisms can be activated in order to open these pores. In this comprehensive review, all these types of permeabilization, the mechanisms of their activation, and their role in various diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Yapryntseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Alruhaimi RS, Hassanein EHM, Ahmeda AF, Alnasser SM, Atwa AM, Sabry M, Alzoghaibi MA, Mahmoud AM. Attenuation of inflammation, oxidative stress and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling and upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling mediate the protective effect of diallyl disulfide against cadmium nephrotoxicity. Tissue Cell 2024; 91:102576. [PMID: 39353227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals are toxic environmental pollutants with serious health effects on humans and animals. Cadmium (Cd) is known for its serious nephrotoxic effect and its toxicity involves oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a main constituent of garlic, exhibites cytoprotective and antioxidant activities. This study investigated the effect of DADS on OS, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by Cd in rat kidney, pointing to the involvement of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad3 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Rats received DADS for 14 days and Cd on day 7 and blood and kidney samples were collected. Cd elevated serum creatinine, urea and uric acid, provoked kidney histopathological alterations and collagen deposition, increased kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and decreased glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and CD68 were upregulated in Cd-administered rat kidney. DADS prevented kidney injury, mitigated OS, suppressed NF-κB, CD68 and pro-inflammatory mediators, and boosted antioxidants. DADS downregulated TGF-β1, Smad3 phosphorylation and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), and increased Nrf2, HO-1, cytoglobin, and PPARγ. In conclusion, DADS protects the kidney against Cd toxicity by attenuating OS, inflammation, and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, and enhancement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, antioxidants, and PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmad F Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sulaiman M Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Sabry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Alzoghaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Santhanam M, Shoshan-Barmatz V. VDAC1-Based Peptides as Potential Modulators of VDAC1 Interactions with Its Partners and as a Therapeutic for Cancer, NASH, and Diabetes. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1139. [PMID: 39334905 PMCID: PMC11430116 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents current knowledge related to the voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1) as a multi-functional mitochondrial protein that acts in regulating both cell life and death. The location of VDAC1 at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) allows control of metabolic cross-talk between the mitochondria and the rest of the cell, and also enables its interaction with proteins that are involved in metabolic, cell death, and survival pathways. VDAC1's interactions with over 150 proteins can mediate and regulate the integration of mitochondrial functions with cellular activities. To target these protein-protein interactions, VDAC1-derived peptides have been developed. This review focuses specifically on cell-penetrating VDAC1-based peptides that were developed and used as a "decoy" to compete with VDAC1 for its VDAC1-interacting proteins. These peptides interfere with VDAC1 interactions, for example, with metabolism-associated proteins such as hexokinase (HK), or with anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These and other VDAC1-interacting proteins are highly expressed in many cancers. The VDAC1-based peptides in cells in culture selectively affect cancerous, but not non-cancerous cells, inducing cell death in a variety of cancers, regardless of the cancer origin or genetics. They inhibit cell energy production, eliminate cancer stem cells, and act very rapidly and at low micro-molar concentrations. The activity of these peptides has been validated in several mouse cancer models of glioblastoma, lung, and breast cancers. Their anti-cancer activity involves a multi-pronged attack targeting the hallmarks of cancer. They were also found to be effective in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes mellitus. Thus, VDAC1-based peptides, by targeting VDAC1-interacting proteins, offer an affordable and innovative new conceptual therapeutic paradigm that can potentially overcome heterogeneity, chemoresistance, and invasive metastatic formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Manikandan Santhanam
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
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Ujah GA, Ofutet EO, Ukam CIO, Omiunu PE, Ackley EU, Japhet IG, Ntauko JC, Clement QC, Atu R, Nna VU. Protective effect of tert-butylhydroquinone against cisplatin-induced hepatorenal injury via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38993034 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2376812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cisplastin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic drug frequently used to manage a variety of cancers. However, its use is associated with hepatorenal toxicity resulting from elevated reactive oxygen species production. OBJECTIVE Herein, the hepatorenal protective effect of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) in cisplatin (CDDP)-treated rats was examined. METHODS Wistar male rats randomly divided into four groups: normal control, tBHQ, CDDP and tBHQ + CDDP received 50 mg/kg b.w./day of tBHQ orally for 14 days while 7 mg/kg b.w of CDDP was administered intraperitoneally on Day 8. RESULTS CDDP increased serum biomarkers of hepatic (AST, ALP, ALT, GGT) and renal (creatinine, urea, uric acid, kidney injury molecule 1) function. The levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 protein and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were decreased in liver and kidney. Also, CDDP increased hepatic and renal levels of NF-κB, TNFα, Bax and caspase-3 proteins and decreased hepatorenal levels of Bcl-2 protein in the liver and kidney. Pre-treatment with tBHQ prevented these negative effects. SIGNIFICANCE Pre-intervention with tBHQ attenuates hepatorenal toxicity of CDDP by dampening oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Adakole Ujah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Oleba Ofutet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Kampala International University, Tanzania
| | - Catherine Ironya-Ogar Ukam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Precious Evangeline Omiunu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Emaediong Ufot Ackley
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Iboro Godwin Japhet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Jane Charles Ntauko
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Queen Comfort Clement
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Racheal Atu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
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Zhao D, Wu L, Fang X, Wang L, Liu Q, Jiang P, Ji Z, Zhang N, Yin M, Han H. Copper exposure induces inflammation and PANoptosis through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to testicular damage and impaired spermatogenesis in Wilson disease. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111060. [PMID: 38761876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Copper is a toxic heavy metal that causes various damage when it accumulates in the body beyond the physiological threshold. Wilson disease (WD) is an inherited disorder characterized by impaired copper metabolism. Reproductive damage in male patients with WD is gradually attracting attention. However, the underlying mechanisms of copper toxicity are unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of inflammation and PANoptosis in testicular damage and impaired spermatogenesis caused by copper deposition using the WD model toxic milk (TX) mice. Copper chelator-penicillamine and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor-eritoran were used to intervene in TX mice in our animal experiment methods. Testis samples were collected from mice for further analysis. The results showed that the morphology and ultrastructure of the testis and epididymis in TX mice were damaged, and the sperm counts decreased significantly. The TLR4/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was activated by copper deposition, which led to the upregulation of serum and testicular inflammatory factors in TX mice. Meanwhile, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis were significant in the testis of TX mice. Both chelated copper or inhibited TLR4 expression markedly suppressed the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing the expression of inflammatory factors. PANoptosis in the testis of TX mice was also reversed. Our study indicated that pathological copper exposure induces inflammation and PANoptosis through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to toxic testicular damage and impaired spermatogenesis in WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Reproductive and Genetic Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xinru Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Qianzhuo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Pengyu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Zhihui Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Nian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Miaozhu Yin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
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Alruhaimi RS, Hassanein EHM, Bin-Jumah MN, Mahmoud AM. Cadmium-induced lung injury is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and altered SIRT1 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling; protective role of the melatonin agonist agomelatine. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2335-2345. [PMID: 37819390 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal extensively employed in manufacturing polyvinyl chloride, batteries, and other industries. Acute lung injury has been directly connected to Cd exposure. Agomelatine (AGM), a melatonin analog, is a drug licensed for treating severe depression. This study evaluated the effect of AGM against Cd-induced lung injury in rats. AGM was administered in a dose of 25 mg/kg/day orally, while cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 1.2 mg/kg to induce lung injury. Pre-treatment with AGM remarkably ameliorated Cd-induced lung histopathological abrasions. AGM decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, suppressed NDAPH oxidase, and boosted the antioxidants. AGM increased Nrf2, GCLC, HO-1, and TNXRD1 mRNA, as well as HO-1 activity and downregulated Keap1. AGM downregulated Bax and caspase-3 and upregulated Bcl-2, SIRT1, and FOXO3 expression levels in the lung. In conclusion, AGM has a protective effect against Cd-induced lung injury via its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects mediated via regulating Nrf2/HO-1 and SIRT1/FOXO3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71562, Egypt
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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Hasan IH, Shaheen SY, Alhusaini AM, Mahmoud AM. Simvastatin mitigates diabetic nephropathy by upregulating farnesoid X receptor and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Life Sci 2024; 340:122445. [PMID: 38278349 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes that affects the kidney and can result in renal failure. The cholesterol-lowering drug simvastatin (SIM) has shown promising effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study evaluated the protective role of SIM on DN, pointing to the involvement of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in attenuating inflammatory response, oxidative injury, and tissue damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. SIM was supplemented orally for 8 weeks, and samples were collected for analysis. SIM effectively ameliorated hyperglycemia, kidney hypertrophy, body weight loss, and tissue injury and fibrosis in diabetic animals. SIM mitigated oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory response, and cell death, as evidenced by the suppressed malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-1β, CD68, Bax, and caspase-3 in the diabetic kidney. These effects were linked to suppressed Keap1, upregulated FXR, Nrf2, and HO-1, and enhanced antioxidant defenses and Bcl-2. The in silico findings revealed the binding affinity of SIM with NF-kB, caspase-3, Keap1, HO-1, and FXR. In conclusion, SIM protects against DN by attenuating hyperglycemia, kidney injury, fibrosis, inflammation, and OS, and upregulating antioxidants, FXR, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman H Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia..
| | - Sameerah Y Shaheen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam M Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK..
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Mehranpour M, Moghaddam MH, Abdollahifar MA, Salehi M, Aliaghaei A. Tramadol induces apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rat choroid plexus. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2679-2690. [PMID: 37831362 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choroid plexus (CP) is the principal source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It can produce and release a wide range of materials, including growth and neurotrophic factors which have a crucial role in the maintenance and proper functioning of the brain. Tramadol is a synthetic analog of codeine, mainly prescribed to alleviate mild to moderate pains. Nevertheless, it causes several side effects, such as emotional instability and anxiety. METHODS In this study, we focused on alterations in the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes in the CP under chronic tramadol exposure. Herein, rats were treated daily with tramadol at 50 mg/kg doses for three weeks. CSF samples were collected, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) measured in the CSF. RESULTS We found that tramadol reduced the SOD and GSH levels in the CSF. Furthermore, the stereological analysis revealed a significant increase in the CP volume, epithelial cells, and capillary number upon tramadol administration. Tramadol elevated the number of blob mitochondria in CP. Also, we observed the upregulation of inflammatory and apoptosis genes following tramadol administration in the CP. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that tramadol induces neurotoxicity in the CP via apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mehranpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Hassani Moghaddam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Salehi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Alruhaimi RS, Hassanein EHM, Abd El-Aziz MK, Siddiq Abduh M, Bin-Ammar A, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. The melatonin receptor agonist agomelatine protects against acute pancreatitis induced by cadmium by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress and modulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110833. [PMID: 37634447 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a serious effect of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) and inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are implicated in Cd-induced pancreatic injury. This study evaluated the effect of the melatonin receptor agonist agomelatine (AGM) on Cd-induced acute pancreatitis (AP), pointing to its modulatory effect on inflammation, OS, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Rats were supplemented with AGM orally for 14 days and a single injection of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on day 7. Cd increased serum amylase and lipase and caused pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tissue injury. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were elevated, nuclear factor (NF)-kB p65, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CD40 were upregulated, and antioxidants were decreased in the pancreas of Cd-administered rats. AGM ameliorated serum amylase and lipase and pancreatic OS, NF-kB p65, CD40, pro-inflammatory mediators and caspase-3, prevented tissue injury and enhanced antioxidants. AGM downregulated Keap1 and enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 in the pancreas of Cd-administered rats. In silico findings revealed the binding affinity of AGM with Keap1, HO-1, CD40L and caspase-3. In conclusion, AGM protected against AP induced by Cd by preventing inflammation, OS and apoptosis and modulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71562, Egypt
| | | | - Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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11
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Alruhaimi RS, Hassanein EHM, Bin-Jumah MN, Mahmoud AM. Cadmium cardiotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress and upregulated TLR-4/NF-kB pathway in rats; protective role of agomelatine. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114055. [PMID: 37739054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is one of the hazardous effects of the exposure to the heavy metal cadmium (Cd). Inflammation and oxidative injury are implicated in the cardiotoxic mechanism of Cd. The melatonin receptor agonist agomelatine (AGM) showed promising effects against oxidative and inflammatory responses. This study evaluated the effect of AGM on Cd-induced cardiotoxicity in rats, pointing to its modulatory effect on TLR-4/NF-kB pathway and HSP70. Rats received AGM for 14 days and a single dose of Cd on day 7 and blood and heart samples were collected for analyses. Cd increased serum CK-MB, AST and LDH and caused cardiac tissue injury. Cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and MPO were elevated and GSH, SOD and GST decreased in Cd-administered rats. AGM ameliorated serum CK-MB, AST and LDH and cardiac MDA, NO and MPO, prevented tissue injury and enhanced antioxidants. AGM downregulated serum CRP and cardiac TLR-4, NF-kB, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 in Cd-administered rats. HSP70 was upregulated in the heart of Cd-challenged rats treated with AGM. In silico findings revealed the binding affinity of AGM with TLR-4 and NF-kB. In conclusion, AGM protected against Cd cardiotoxicity by preventing myocardial injury and oxidative stress and modulating HSP70 and TLR-4/NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71562, Egypt
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK; Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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12
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Ramadan SA, Kamel EM, Alruhaimi RS, Bin-Ammar A, Ewais MA, Khowailed AA, Hassanein EH, Mahmoud AM. An integrated phytochemical, in silico and in vivo approach to identify the protective effect of Caroxylon salicornicum against cisplatin hepatotoxicity. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101766. [PMID: 37731943 PMCID: PMC10507235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CIS) is a chemotherapeutic medication for the treatment of cancer. However, hepatotoxicity is among the adverse effects limiting its use. Caroxylon salicornicum is traditionally used for treating inflammatory diseases. In this investigation, three flavonoids, four coumarins, and three sterols were detected in the petroleum ether fraction of C. salicornicum (PEFCS). The isolated phytochemicals exhibited binding affinity toward Keap1, NF-κB, and SIRT1 in silico. The hepatoprotective role of PEFCS (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was investigated in vivo. Rats received PEFCS for 14 days and CIS on day 15. CIS increased ALT, AST and ALP and caused tissue injury along with increased ROS, MDA, and NO. Hepatic NF-κB p65, pro-inflammatory mediators, Bax and caspase-3 were increased in CIS-treated animals while antioxidants and Bcl-2 were decreased. PEFCS mitigated hepatocyte injury, and ameliorated transaminases, ALP, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory markers. PEFCS downregulated pro-apoptosis markers and boosted Bcl-2 and antioxidants. In addition, PEFCS upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and SIRT1 in CIS-administered rats. In conclusion, PEFCS is rich in beneficial phytoconstituents and conferred protection against liver injury by attenuating OS and inflammation and upregulating Nrf2 and SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reem S. Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madeha A. Ewais
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | | | - Emad H.M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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13
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Sarawi WS, Alhusaini AM, Alghibiwi HK, Alsaab JS, Hasan IH. Roles of Nrf2/HO-1 and ICAM-1 in the Protective Effect of Nano-Curcumin against Copper-Induced Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13975. [PMID: 37762280 PMCID: PMC10531221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for maintaining normal homeostasis in living organisms. Yet, an elevated level of Cu beyond homeostatic capacity may lead to oxidative damage of cellular components in several organs, including the lungs. This work investigated the effects of curcumin (Curc) and nano-curcumin (nCurc) against Cu-induced lung injury, accenting the roles of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/heme oxygenase-1 Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Rats were challenged with 100 mg/kg of copper sulfate (CuSO4) while being treated with Curc or nCurc for 7 days. Cu-triggered lung oxidative stress detected as dysregulation of oxidative/antioxidant markers, a downregulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling, and an increase in the inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Additionally, it decreased the expression of lung-specific proteins, surfactant protein-C (SP-C), and mucin-1 (MUC-1), induced apoptosis, and caused changes in lung histology. Curc and nCurc alleviated CuSO4-induced lung injury by suppressing oxidative damage and inflammation and activating Nrf-2/HO-1. They also prevented apoptosis and restored the normal expression of SP-C and MUC-1. We concluded that nCurc exhibited superior efficacy compared with Curc in mitigating CuSO4-induced lung injury. This was associated with reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic responses and increased Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and expression of SP-C and MUC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad S. Sarawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (H.K.A.); (J.S.A.); (I.H.H.)
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14
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Schofield JH, Schafer ZT. Regulators mount up: the metabolic roles of apoptotic proteins. FRONTIERS IN CELL DEATH 2023; 2:1223926. [PMID: 37521407 PMCID: PMC10373711 DOI: 10.3389/fceld.2023.1223926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The induction of apoptosis, a programmed cell death pathway governed by activation of caspases, can result in fundamental changes in metabolism that either facilitate or restrict the execution of cell death. In addition, metabolic adaptations can significantly impact whether cells in fact initiate the apoptotic cascade. In this mini-review, we will highlight and discuss the interconnectedness of apoptotic regulation and metabolic alterations, two biological outcomes whose regulators are intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Schofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Zachary T. Schafer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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15
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Sami DH, Soliman AS, Khowailed AA, Alruhaimi RS, Hassanein EHM, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. The protective effect of 7-hydroxycoumarin against cisplatin-induced liver injury is mediated via attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80181-80191. [PMID: 37291353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CIS) is an effective chemotherapy against different solid cancers. However, the adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity, limit its clinical use. 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC) possesses antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities, but its protective effect against CIS hepatotoxicity has not been investigated. This study evaluated the effect of 7-HC on liver injury, oxidative stress (OS), and inflammation provoked by CIS. Rats received 7-HC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) orally for 2 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of CIS (7 mg/kg) at day 15. CIS increased serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin and provoked tissue injury accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO). Liver nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), pro-inflammatory cytokines, Bax, and caspase-3 were upregulated, and antioxidant defenses and Bcl-2 were decreased in CIS-treated rats, while 7-HC prevented liver injury and ameliorated OS, inflammatory and apoptosis markers. In addition, 7-HC enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in CIS-administered rats and in silico studies revealed its binding affinity toward HO-1. In conclusion, 7-HC protected against CIS hepatotoxicity by mitigating OS and inflammatory response and modulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demiana H Sami
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ayman S Soliman
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Akef A Khowailed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK.
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16
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Alruhaimi RS. Protective effect of arbutin against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and hepatotoxicity via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:68101-68110. [PMID: 37119491 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a potent anticancer drug widely employed in chemotherapy against various types of cancer. However, CP leads to toxicity to non-targeted organs, including the liver and this limits its clinical use. This study explored the role of arbutin (ARB) against CP-mediated oxidative and inflammatory reactions and hepatotoxicity. Rats were administered ARB (25 and 50 mg/kg) for 14 days and CP (150 mg/kg). CP triggered liver tissue injury with marked increase in serum AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin, and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) coupled with diminution of GSH, SOD, catalase, and GPx. Liver NF-kB p65, NOS, IL-6, TNF-α, Bax and caspase-3 were upregulated by CP injection and IL-10 and Bcl-2 were decreased. ARB prevented liver injury, suppressed MDA, NO, NF-kB p65, inflammatory markers, Bax and caspase-3 in CP-treated rats. ARB restored antioxidants, IL-10 and Bcl-2, and enhanced Nrf2 and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO) both gene and protein in the liver of rats. In conclusion, these results pinpointed the protective role of ARB on oxidative and inflammatory reactions, apoptosis, and hepatotoxicity in rats. This hepatoprotective activity was linked to the ability of ARB to modulate Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Arif T, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A. Apoptotic proteins with non-apoptotic activity: expression and function in cancer. Apoptosis 2023; 28:730-753. [PMID: 37014578 PMCID: PMC10071271 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death in which a cell commits suicide while maintaining the integrity and architecture of the tissue as a whole. Apoptosis involves activation of one of two major pathways: the extrinsic pathway, where extracellular pro-apoptotic signals, transduced through plasma membrane death receptors, activate a caspase cascade leading to apoptosis. The second, the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, where damaged DNA, oxidative stress, or chemicals, induce the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria, leading to the activation of caspase-dependent and independent apoptosis. However, it has recently become apparent that proteins involved in apoptosis also exhibit non-cell death-related physiological functions that are related to the cell cycle, differentiation, metabolism, inflammation or immunity. Such non-conventional activities were predominantly reported in non-cancer cells although, recently, such a dual function for pro-apoptotic proteins has also been reported in cancers where they are overexpressed. Interestingly, some apoptotic proteins translocate to the nucleus in order to perform a non-apoptotic function. In this review, we summarize the unconventional roles of the apoptotic proteins from a functional perspective, while focusing on two mitochondrial proteins: VDAC1 and SMAC/Diablo. Despite having pro-apoptotic functions, these proteins are overexpressed in cancers and this apparent paradox and the associated pathophysiological implications will be discussed. We will also present possible mechanisms underlying the switch from apoptotic to non-apoptotic activities although a deeper investigation into the process awaits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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18
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Alruhaimi RS. Betulinic acid protects against cardiotoxicity of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51180-51190. [PMID: 36808036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides can affect the environment as well as the animal and human health. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad-spectrum OP pesticide used in agriculture and can cause several toxic effects in which oxidative stresses and inflammation play a key role. This study aimed to evaluate the protective activity of betulinic acid (BA), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pentacyclic triterpene, against CPF cardiotoxicity in rats. The rats were divided into four groups. CPF (10 mg/kg) and BA (25 mg/kg) were orally administered for 28 days, and blood and heart samples were collected. CPF-administered rats showed an increase in serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK)-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), accompanied with multiple myocardial tissue alterations. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were increased, and antioxidant were decrease in CPF-administered rats. BA ameliorated cardiac function markers and tissue injury, decreased LPO, NO, NF-κB, and proinflammatory cytokines, and increased antioxidants. In addition, BA decreased proapoptosis markers, and increased B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, IL-10, Nrf2, and HO-1 in the heart of CPF-treated rats. In conclusion, BA protected against cardiotoxicity in CPF-administered rats by mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and enhanced Nrf2 and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Flavonoids of Haloxylon salicornicum (Rimth) prevent cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, Nrf2, and SIRT1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:49197-49214. [PMID: 36773264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CIS) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of many types of cancers, but its use is associated with adverse effects. Nephrotoxicity is a serious side effect of CIS and limits its therapeutic utility. Haloxylon salicornicum is a desert shrub used traditionally in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, but neither its flavonoid content nor its protective efficacy against CIS nephrotoxicity has been investigated. In this study, seven flavonoids were isolated from H. salicornicum methanolic extract (HSE) and showed in silico binding affinity with NF-κB, Keap1, and SIRT1. The protective effect of HSE against CIS nephrotoxicity was investigated. Rats received HSE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) for 14 days followed by a single injection of CIS. The drug increased Kim-1, BUN, and creatinine and caused multiple histopathological changes. CIS-administered rats showed an increase in renal ROS, MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65. HSE prevented tissue injury, and diminished ROS, NF-κB, and inflammatory mediators. HSE enhanced antioxidants and Bcl-2 and downregulated pro-apoptosis markers. These effects were associated with downregulation of Keap1 and microRNA-34a, and upregulation of SIRT1 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. In conclusion, H. salicornicum is rich in flavonoids, and its extract prevented oxidative stress, inflammation, and kidney injury, and modulated Nrf2/HO-1 and SIRT1 signaling in CIS-treated rats.
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20
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Abduh MS, Alruhaimi RS, Alqhtani HA, Hussein OE, Abukhalil MH, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. Rosmarinic acid mitigates chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and kidney injury in rats by modulating SIRT1 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Life Sci 2023; 313:121281. [PMID: 36521549 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used broad-spectrum pesticide with multi-organ toxic effects. Oxidative stress was found to play a role in the deleterious effects of CPF, including nephrotoxicity. This study investigated the protective effect of the antioxidant polyphenol rosmarinic acid (RA) against CPF-induced kidney injury, with an emphasis on oxidative injury, inflammation, SIRT1, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Rats received 10 mg/kg CPF and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg RA orally for 28 days, and the samples were collected for analysis. CPF increased serum urea and creatinine and kidney Kim-1 and caused several histopathological alterations. ROS, MDA, NO, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-1β were elevated in the kidney of CPF-intoxicated rats. RA ameliorated kidney function markers, prevented tissue injury, suppressed ROS, MDA, and NO, and downregulated NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-1β in CPF-intoxicated rats in a dose-dependent manner. RA decreased Bax, caspase-3, oxidative DNA damage, and Keap1, boosted antioxidant enzymes and Bcl-2, and upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and SIRT1 in CPF-administered rats. Molecular docking simulation revealed the binding affinity of RA toward NF-κB, Keap1, HO-1, and SIRT1. In conclusion, RA prevented CPF nephrotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and upregulating SIRT1 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa A Alqhtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnia E Hussein
- Higher Technological Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan; Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK; Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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21
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7-hydroxycoumarin modulates Nrf2/HO-1 and microRNA-34a/SIRT1 signaling and prevents cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and kidney injury in rats. Life Sci 2022; 310:121104. [PMID: 36270424 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The kidneys are vulnerable to toxicity and acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main adverse effect associated with the clinical use of the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (CIS). Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in CIS nephrotoxicity. In this study, the effect of the antioxidant 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC) against CIS-induced renal intoxication was evaluated. Rats received 7-HC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) orally for 14 days and CIS (7 mg/kg) at day 15, and samples were collected 3 days after CIS administration. CIS increased serum urea, creatinine and kidney injury molecule (Kim)-1, caused multiple histopathological changes and increased renal reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), NF-κB p65, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. 7-HC dose-dependently prevented kidney dysfunction and tissue injury and suppressed ROS and inflammatory mediators. 7-HC boosted renal antioxidants and Bcl-2 while decreased Bax and caspase-3 expression in CIS-administered rats. In addition, 7-HC downregulated Keap-1 and microRNA-34a and upregulated Nrf2, NQO-1, HO-1, and SIRT1. Molecular docking revealed the binding affinity of 7-HC towards NF-κB, Keap-1, and SIRT1. In Conclusion, 7-HC prevented CIS nephrotoxicity by attenuating tissue injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic cell death. The protective efficacy of 7-HC was associated with inhibiting NF-κB and Keap-1, and modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and microRNA34a/Sirt1 signaling.
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22
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Alanezi AA, Almuqati AF, Alfwuaires MA, Alasmari F, Namazi NI, Althunibat OY, Mahmoud AM. Taxifolin Prevents Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway and Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1310. [PMID: 36355481 PMCID: PMC9692949 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CIS) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of several malignancies. The clinical use of CIS is associated with adverse effects, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Oxidative stress and inflammation are key events in the development of CIS-induced AKI. This study investigated the protective effect of taxifolin (TAX), a bioactive flavonoid with promising health-promoting properties, on CIS-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. TAX was orally given to mice for 10 days and a single dose of CIS was injected at day 7. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were elevated, and multiple histopathological alterations were observed in the kidney of CIS-administered mice. CIS increased renal malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β, and decreased cellular antioxidants in mice. TAX remarkably prevented kidney injury, ameliorated serum BUN and creatinine, and renal MDA, NO, NF-κB p65, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and boosted antioxidant defenses in CIS-administered mice. TAX downregulated Bax and caspase-3, and upregulated Bcl-2. These effects were associated with upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 activity in CIS-administered mice. In conclusion, TAX prevented CIS-induced AKI by mitigating tissue injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. The protective efficacy of TAX was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkareem A. Alanezi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf F. Almuqati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal A. Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader I. Namazi
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 30001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Y. Althunibat
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an 71111, Jordan
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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23
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Atwa AM, Abd El-Ghafar OAM, Hassanein EHM, Mahdi SE, Sayed GA, Alruhaimi RS, Alqhtani HA, Alotaibi MF, Mahmoud AM. Candesartan Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Lung Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and TLR-4/NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101222. [PMID: 36297334 PMCID: PMC9612036 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CIS) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against different cancers. The use of CIS is associated with acute lung injury (ALI) and other adverse effects, and oxidative stress and inflammation were implicated in its toxic effects. Candesartan (CAN), an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker, showed beneficial effects against oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of CAN to prevent CIS-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and lung injury in rats, pointing to the involvement of TLR4/NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, PPARγ, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. The rats received CAN (5 mg/kg) for 10 days and were challenged with a single dose of CIS (7 mg/kg) on day 7. CIS caused injury to the alveoli and the bronchial tree, increased lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, TLR-4, NF-κB p65, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and caspase-3, and decreased cellular antioxidants and IL-6 in the lungs of rats. CAN effectively prevented tissue injury, suppressed TLR-4/ NF-κB signaling, and ameliorated oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and caspase-3 in CIS-administered rats. CAN enhanced antioxidants and IL-10, decreased Ang II, increased Ang (1–7), suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3, and upregulated SOCS3 in CIS-administered rats. These effects were associated with the downregulation of Keap1 and enhanced Nrf2, GCLC, HO-1, and PPARγ. In conclusion, CAN prevented CIS-induced lung injury by attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB and JAK1/STAT3 signaling, Ang II, and pro-inflammatory mediators, and upregulating PPARγ, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Omnia A. M. Abd El-Ghafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Emad H. M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Somya E. Mahdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghadir A. Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Reem S. Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa A. Alqhtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F. Alotaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Correspondence: or
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Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death Mediate the Protective Effect of Apigenin against Cyclophosphamide Hepatotoxicity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070648. [PMID: 35888772 PMCID: PMC9322057 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is among the adverse effects of the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CP). This study investigated the protective role of the flavone apigenin (API) against CP-induced liver damage, pointing to the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Rats were treated with API (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 15 days and received CP (150 mg/kg) on day 16. CP caused liver damage manifested by an elevation of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and histological alterations, including granular vacuolation, mononuclear cell infiltration, and hydropic changes. Hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were increased and glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in CP-administered rats. CP upregulated the inflammatory markers NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS, along with the pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3. Pre-treatment with API ameliorated circulating transaminases, ALP, and LDH, and prevented histopathological changes in CP-intoxicated rats. API suppressed ROS, MDA, NO, NF-κB p65, iNOS, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative DNA damage, Bax, and caspase-3 in CP-intoxicated rats. In addition, API enhanced hepatic antioxidants and Bcl-2 and boosted the Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA abundance and protein. In conclusion, API is effective in preventing CP hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The hepatoprotective efficacy of API was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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25
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Acetyl-L-carnitine and/or liposomal co-enzyme Q10 prevent propionic acid-induced neurotoxicity by modulating oxidative tissue injury, inflammation, and ALDH1A1-RA-RARα signaling in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113360. [PMID: 35785703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionic acid (PPA) is a short-chain fatty acid produced endogenously by gut microbiota and found in foodstuffs and pharmaceutical products as an additive. Exposure to PPA has been associated with the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) and liposomal Co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) against cerebral and cerebellar oxidative injury, inflammation, and cell death, and alterations in ALDH1A1-RA-RARα signaling in an autism-like rat model induced by PPA. The rats were treated with PPA and concurrently received ALCAR and/or CoQ10 for 5 days. The animals were sacrificed, and the cerebral cortex and cerebellum were collected for analysis. PPA caused histopathological alterations along with increased malondialdehyde (MDA), NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the cerebrum and cerebellum of rats. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes were declined in the brain of rats that received PPA. Concurrent treatment with ALCAR and/or CoQ10 prevented tissue injury, decreased MDA, NF-κB p65, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced cellular antioxidants in PPA-administered rats. ALCAR and/or CoQ10 upregulated Bcl-2 and decreased Bax and caspase-3 in the brain of rats. In addition, ALCAR and/or CoQ10 upregulated cerebral and cerebellar ALDH1A1 and RARα in PPA-treated rats. The combination of ALCAR and CoQ10 showed more potent effects when compared with the individual treatments. In conclusion, ALCAR and/or CoQ10 prevented tissue injury, ameliorated oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, and upregulated ALDH1A1-RA-RARα signaling in the brain of autistic rats.
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Nano-Curcumin Prevents Copper Reproductive Toxicity by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Improving Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Rats. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070356. [PMID: 35878260 PMCID: PMC9316697 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper is essential for several cellular processes and is an important catalytic factor for many proteins. However, excess copper can provoke oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity. This study evaluated the effect of liposomal nano-curcumin (N-CUR) and CUR on testicular oxidative injury, inflammation, and apoptosis, and altered steroidogenesis and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4). Rats received CuSO4 and N-CUR or CUR via oral gavage for 7 days. CuSO4 induced histopathological changes and altered pituitary-gonadal axis manifested by decreased serum gonadotropins and testosterone. Testicular steroidogenesis genes (StAR, 3β-HSD, CYP17A1, and 17β-HSD) and androgen receptor (AR) were downregulated in rats that received CuSO4. N-CUR and CUR prevented testicular tissue injury, increased circulating FSH, LH, and testosterone, and upregulated testicular steroidogenesis genes and AR. Additionally, N-CUR and CUR decreased testicular MDA, NO, NF-κB, iNOS, TNF-α, Bax, and caspase-3 while enhanced Bcl-2, Nrf2, and the antioxidants GSH, HO-1, SOD, and catalase. In conclusion, N-CUR and CUR prevented CuSO4-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats by suppressing oxidative injury and inflammatory response and boosting steroidogenesis, sex hormones, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. N-CUR was more effective in ameliorating tissue injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and enhancing steroidogenesis and Nrf2/HO-1 than the native form.
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VDACs Post-Translational Modifications Discovery by Mass Spectrometry: Impact on Their Hub Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312833. [PMID: 34884639 PMCID: PMC8657666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
VDAC (voltage-dependent anion selective channel) proteins, also known as mitochondrial porins, are the most abundant proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), where they play a vital role in various cellular processes, in the regulation of metabolism, and in survival pathways. There is increasing consensus about their function as a cellular hub, connecting bioenergetics functions to the rest of the cell. The structural characterization of VDACs presents challenging issues due to their very high hydrophobicity, low solubility, the difficulty to separate them from other mitochondrial proteins of similar hydrophobicity and the practical impossibility to isolate each single isoform. Consequently, it is necessary to analyze them as components of a relatively complex mixture. Due to the experimental difficulties in their structural characterization, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of VDAC proteins represent a little explored field. Only in recent years, the increasing number of tools aimed at identifying and quantifying PTMs has allowed to increase our knowledge in this field and in the mechanisms that regulate functions and interactions of mitochondrial porins. In particular, the development of nano-reversed phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (nanoRP-UHPLC) and ultra-sensitive high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods has played a key role in this field. The findings obtained on VDAC PTMs using such methodologies, which permitted an in-depth characterization of these very hydrophobic trans-membrane pore proteins, are summarized in this review.
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Anand U, Nahon-Crystal E, Di Carlo M, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A. Adverse Effects of Metformin From Diabetes to COVID-19, Cancer, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Aging: Is VDAC1 a Common Target? Front Physiol 2021; 12:730048. [PMID: 34671273 PMCID: PMC8521008 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used for treating diabetes mellitus since the late 1950s. In addition to its antihyperglycemic activity, it was shown to be a potential drug candidate for treating a range of other diseases that include various cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases, renal diseases, obesity, inflammation, COVID-19 in diabetic patients, and aging. In this review, we focus on the important aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction in energy metabolism and cell death with their gatekeeper VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) as a possible metformin target, and summarize metformin's effects in several diseases and gut microbiota. We question how the same drug can act on diseases with opposite characteristics, such as increasing apoptotic cell death in cancer, while inhibiting it in neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, metformin's adverse effects in many diseases all show VDAC1 involvement, suggesting that it is a common factor in metformin-affecting diseases. The findings that metformin has an opposite effect on various diseases are consistent with the fact that VDAC1 controls cell life and death, supporting the idea that it is a target for metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | | | - Marta Di Carlo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Lin XM, Shi XX, Xiong L, Nie JH, Ye HS, Du JZ, Liu J. Construction of IL-13 Receptor α2-Targeting Resveratrol Nanoparticles against Glioblastoma Cells: Therapeutic Efficacy and Molecular Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910622. [PMID: 34638961 PMCID: PMC8508707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common lethal primary brain malignancy without reliable therapeutic drugs. IL-13Rα2 is frequently expressed in GBMs as a molecular marker. Resveratrol (Res) effectively inhibits GBM cell growth but has not been applied in vivo because of its low brain bioavailability when administered systemically. A sustained-release and GBM-targeting resveratrol form may overcome this therapeutic dilemma. To achieve this goal, encapsulated Res 30 ± 4.8 nm IL-13Rα2-targeting nanoparticles (Pep-PP@Res) were constructed. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry revealed prolonged Res release (about 25%) from Pep-PP@Res in 48 h and fluorescent confocal microscopy showed the prolonged intracellular Res retention time of Pep-PP@Res (>24 h) in comparison with that of free Res (<4 h) and PP@Res (<4 h). MTT and EdU cell proliferation assays showed stronger suppressive effects of Pep-PP@Res on rat C6 GBM cells than that of PP@Res (p = 0.024) and Res (p = 0.009) when used twice for 4 h/day. Pep-PP@Res had little toxic effect on normal rat brain cells. The in vivo anti-glioblastoma effects of Res can be distinctly improved in the form of Pep-PP@Res nanoparticles via activating JNK signaling, upregulating proapoptosis gene expression and, finally, resulting in extensive apoptosis. Pep-PP@Res with sustained release and GBM-targeting properties would be suitable for in vivo management of GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Lin
- Research Center, South China University of Technology (SCUT) School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-M.L.); (L.X.); (J.-H.N.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, South China University of Technology (SCUT) School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-X.S.); (J.-Z.D.)
| | - Le Xiong
- Research Center, South China University of Technology (SCUT) School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-M.L.); (L.X.); (J.-H.N.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Jun-Hua Nie
- Research Center, South China University of Technology (SCUT) School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-M.L.); (L.X.); (J.-H.N.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Hai-Shan Ye
- Research Center, South China University of Technology (SCUT) School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-M.L.); (L.X.); (J.-H.N.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Jin-Zi Du
- Institute of Life Sciences, South China University of Technology (SCUT) School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-X.S.); (J.-Z.D.)
| | - Jia Liu
- Research Center, South China University of Technology (SCUT) School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-M.L.); (L.X.); (J.-H.N.); (H.-S.Y.)
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 610044, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-3938-1176
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Curcumin and Nano-Curcumin Mitigate Copper Neurotoxicity by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Akt/GSK-3β Signaling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185591. [PMID: 34577062 PMCID: PMC8467357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is essential for multiple biochemical processes, and copper sulphate (CuSO4) is a pesticide used for repelling pests. Accidental or intentional intoxication can induce multiorgan toxicity and could be fatal. Curcumin (CUR) is a potent antioxidant, but its poor systemic bioavailability is the main drawback in its therapeutic uses. This study investigated the protective effect of CUR and N-CUR on CuSO4-induced cerebral oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats, pointing to the possible involvement of Akt/GSK-3β. Rats received 100 mg/kg CuSO4 and were concurrently treated with CUR or N-CUR for 7 days. Cu-administered rats exhibited a remarkable increase in cerebral malondialdehyde (MDA), NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-6 associated with decreased GSH, SOD, and catalase. Cu provoked DNA fragmentation, upregulated BAX, caspase-3, and p53, and decreased BCL-2 in the brain of rats. N-CUR and CUR ameliorated MDA, NF-κB p65, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, downregulated pro-apoptotic genes, upregulated BCL-2, and enhanced antioxidants and DNA integrity. In addition, both N-CUR and CUR increased AKT Ser473 and GSK-3β Ser9 phosphorylation in the brain of Cu-administered rats. In conclusion, N-CUR and CUR prevent Cu neurotoxicity by attenuating oxidative injury, inflammatory response, and apoptosis and upregulating AKT/GSK-3β signaling. The neuroprotective effect of N-CUR was more potent than CUR.
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Nano-Curcumin Prevents Cardiac Injury, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Modulates TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK Signaling in Copper Sulfate-Intoxicated Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091414. [PMID: 34573046 PMCID: PMC8469340 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is essential for a plethora of biological processes; however, its high redox reactivity renders it potentially toxic. This study investigated the protective effect of curcumin (CUR) and nano-CUR (N-CUR) against Cu cardiotoxicity, emphasizing the role of oxidative stress, TLR4/NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and cell death in rats. Rats received 100 mg/kg copper sulfate (CuSO4), a pesticide used for repelling pests, and were concurrently treated with CUR or N-CUR for 7 days. Cu caused cardiac injury manifested by elevated serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK)-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as histopathological alterations. Cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-6 were increased, and reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were decreased in Cu-treated rats. CUR and N-CUR prevented cardiac tissue injury, decreased serum cTnI, CK-MB, and LDH, and cardiac MDA, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-6, and enhanced cellular antioxidants. CUR and N-CUR downregulated TLR4 and AP-1, and decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2. In addition, CUR and N-CUR increased cardiac Bcl-2 and BAG-1, decreased Bax and caspase-3, and prevented DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, N-CUR prevents Cu cardiotoxicity by attenuating oxidative injury, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, and modulating TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK signaling. The cardioprotective effect of N-CUR was more potent than the native form.
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Galangin Attenuates Liver Injury, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Upregulates Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia increases the risk of liver damage. Oxidative stress and aberrant inflammatory response are entangled in diabetes-associated liver injury. This study evaluated the protective effect of the flavonoid galangin (Gal) on glucose intolerance, liver injury, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and the rats received Gal for six weeks. STZ-induced rats showed glucose intolerance, hypoinsulinemia, elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and decreased liver glycogen. Gal ameliorated glucose intolerance, reduced HbA1c%, increased serum insulin and liver glycogen and hexokinase activity, and suppressed glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase in diabetic rats. Circulating transaminases, ALP and LDH, and liver ROS, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased and GSH, SOD, and CAT were diminished in diabetic rats. In addition, diabetic rats exhibited multiple histopathological alterations and marked collagen deposition. Treatment with Gal mitigated liver injury, prevented histopathological alterations, decreased ROS, MDA, pro-inflammatory cytokines, Bax and caspase-3, and enhanced cellular antioxidants and Bcl-2. Gal downregulated hepatic Keap1 in diabetic rats and upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA as well as HO-1 activity. Molecular modeling studies revealed the ability of Gal to bind to and inhibit NF-κB and Keap1, and also showed its binding pattern with HO-1. In conclusion, Gal ameliorates hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in diabetic rats. Gal improved carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Zhang F, Angelova A, Garamus VM, Angelov B, Tu S, Kong L, Zhang X, Li N, Zou A. Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1-Hexokinase-II Complex-Targeted Strategy for Melanoma Inhibition Using Designed Multiblock Peptide Amphiphiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35281-35293. [PMID: 34309373 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapies of melanoma are of urgent need considering the resistance of this aggressive type of cancer to chemotherapeutics. The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)-hexokinase-II (HK-II) complex is an emerging target for novel anticancer therapies based on induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. The low cell membrane permeability of the anticancer 12-mer peptide N-Ter (RDVFTKGYGFGL) derived from the N-terminal fragment of the VDAC1 protein impedes the intracellular targeting. Here, novel multiblock VDAC1-derived cationic amphiphilic peptides (referred to as Pal-N-Ter-TAT, pFL-N-Ter-TAT, and Pal-pFL-N-Ter-TAT) are designed with a self-assembly propensity and cell-penetrating properties. The created multiblock amphiphilic peptides of partial α-helical conformations form nanoparticles of ellipsoid-like shapes and are characterized by enhanced cellular uptake. The amphiphilic peptides can target mitochondria and dissociate the VDAC1-HK-II complex at the outer mitochondrial membrane, which result in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. The latter is associated with decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, and changes of the expression levels of the apoptotic proteins in A375 melanoma cells. Importantly, the mitochondrial VDAC1-derived amphiphilic peptides have a comparable IC50 value for melanoma cells to a small-molecule drug, sorafenib, which has been previously used in clinical trials for melanoma. These results demonstrate the potential of the designed peptide constructs for efficient melanoma inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institute Galien Paris-Saclay UMR8612, Châtenay-Malabry F-92290, France
| | | | - Borislav Angelov
- Institute of Physics, ELI Beamlines, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, Prague CZ-18221, Czech Republic
| | - Shuyang Tu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (Zhangjiang Laboratory), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Liangliang Kong
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (Zhangjiang Laboratory), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (Zhangjiang Laboratory), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Aihua Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
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Li Y, Ma F, Li Z, Yu Y, Yan H, Tahir A, Zheng W, Li X, Huang T, Ge RS. Exposure to 4-bromodiphenyl ether during pregnancy blocks testis development in male rat fetuses. Toxicol Lett 2021; 342:38-49. [PMID: 33582287 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
4-Bromodiphenyl ether (BDE3) is a photodegradation product of higher polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants and is known as an endocrine disruptor. However, it is unclear whether and how BDE3 affects the development of fetal testes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of in utero exposure to BDE3 on fetal testicular development in rats. From gestational day (GD) 12-21, BDE3 (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was daily gavaged to female pregnant Sprague Dawley rats. BDE3 significantly reduced serum testosterone levels of male pups starting at 50 mg/kg. BDE3 reduced fetal Leydig cell number at a dose of 200 mg/kg without affecting fetal Leydig cell cluster frequency and Sertoli cell number. In addition, BDE3 down-regulated the expression of fetal Leydig cell genes (Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3) and their proteins at 100 and/or 200 mg/kg. RNA-seq analysis showed that genes responsive to cAMP (Ass1, Gpd1, Rpl13a) were down-regulated and hypoxia-related genes (Egln3 and P4ha1) were up-regulated at 200 mg/kg. In utero exposure to BDE3 can promote autophagy and apoptosis of fetal Leydig cells via increasing the levels of Beclin1, LC3-II, BAX, and by decreasing the levels of p62 and BCL2. In conclusion, in utero exposure to BDE3 blocks the development of fetal rat testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yige Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Haoni Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Anam Tahir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Tongliang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Bafadam S, Mahmoudabady M, Niazmand S, Rezaee SA, Soukhtanloo M. Cardioprotective effects of Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graceum) seed extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2021; 13:28-36. [PMID: 33815699 PMCID: PMC8007891 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2021.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Inadequate control of diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to considerable cardiovascular implications like diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is one of the main mechanisms of DCM pathogenesis associated with hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia and several other factors. Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) has been long used as a traditional medicine and has many therapeutic effects, including anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The current study aimed to investigate cardioprotective effects of fenugreek seed on diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in forty-two male rats by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/ kg). Diabetic animals were treated with three different doses of fenugreek seed extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) or metformin (300 mg/kg) for six weeks by gavage. Nondiabetic rats served as controls. Glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were measured in the blood samples, and oxidative stress markers as well as gene expression of ICAM1 , Bax and Bcl2 were assessed in the cardiac tissues of the experimental groups. Results: Diabetic rats exhibited increased serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels, elevated markers of oxidative stress thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) levels , total thiol groups (SH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and enhanced apoptosis cell death (ratio of Bax/Bcl2). Fenugreek seed extract considerably improved metabolism abnormalities, attenuated oxidative stress and diminished apoptosis index. Conclusion: Our study suggests that fenugreek seed may protect the cardiac structure in STZ-induced diabetic rats by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soleyman Bafadam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Niazmand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Sarkar N, Das B, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Arsenal of Phytochemicals to Combat Against Arsenic-Induced Mitochondrial Stress and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1230-1256. [PMID: 31813247 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Phytochemicals are important dietary constituents with antioxidant properties. They affect various signaling pathways involved in the overall maintenance of interior milieu of the cell. Arsenic, an environmental toxicant, is well known for its deleterious consequences, such as various diseases, including cancers in humans. Mitochondria are the cell's powerhouse that fuel all metabolic energy requirements. Dysfunctional mitochondria due to stressors may lead to abnormal functioning of the organelle, hampering the crucial cellular cross talks and ultimately leading to cancer. Application of phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial disorders may be a preventive measure to counteract the ruinous impacts of the metalloid. Recent Advances: In recent years, extensive research on the role of mitochondria in cancer gives a better understanding of the areas the organelle covers in maintaining a healthy cell or in inducing carcinogenicity. Detailed knowledge of the mitochondrial governances would enable researchers to administer numerous phytochemicals to ameliorate altered oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, glycolysis, or even apoptosis. Critical Issues: In this review, we have addressed how various phytochemicals belonging to diverse classes combat against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, depletion of MMP, cell cycle abrogation, apoptosis, glycolytic damages, oncogenic regulations, chaperones, mitochondrial complexes, and mitochondrial membrane pore formation in both in vitro and in vivo models. Future Directions: Insightful application of mitoprotective phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and carcinogenesis may guide researchers to develop preclinical chemopreventive agents to fight arsenic toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sarkar
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Bornita Das
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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Evidences of a Direct Relationship between Cellular Fuel Supply and Ciliogenesis Regulated by Hypoxic VDAC1-ΔC. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113484. [PMID: 33238609 PMCID: PMC7700438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is the ability of a cell to adapt its metabolism to changes in its surrounding environment. Such adaptability, combined with apoptosis resistance provides cancer cells with a survival advantage. Mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) has been defined as a metabolic checkpoint at the crossroad of these two processes. Here, we show that the hypoxia-induced cleaved form of VDAC1 (VDAC1-ΔC) is implicated in both the up-regulation of glycolysis and the mitochondrial respiration. We demonstrate that VDAC1-ΔC, due to the loss of the putative phosphorylation site at serine 215, concomitantly with the loss of interaction with tubulin and microtubules, reprograms the cell to utilize more metabolites, favoring cell growth in hypoxic microenvironment. We further found that VDAC1-ΔC represses ciliogenesis and thus participates in ciliopathy, a group of genetic disorders involving dysfunctional primary cilium. Cancer, although not representing a ciliopathy, is tightly linked to cilia. Moreover, we highlight, for the first time, a direct relationship between the cilium and cancer cell metabolism. Our study provides the first new comprehensive molecular-level model centered on VDAC1-ΔC integrating metabolic flexibility, ciliogenesis, and enhanced survival in a hypoxic microenvironment.
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Verma A. VDAC1 at the Intersection of Cell Metabolism, Apoptosis, and Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1485. [PMID: 33114780 PMCID: PMC7693975 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) protein, is an important regulator of mitochondrial function, and serves as a mitochondrial gatekeeper, with responsibility for cellular fate. In addition to control over energy sources and metabolism, the protein also regulates epigenomic elements and apoptosis via mediating the release of apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria. Apoptotic and pathological conditions, as well as certain viruses, induce cell death by inducing VDAC1 overexpression leading to oligomerization, and the formation of a large channel within the VDAC1 homo-oligomer. This then permits the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria and subsequent apoptosis. Mitochondrial DNA can also be released through this channel, which triggers type-Ι interferon responses. VDAC1 also participates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria cross-talk, and in the regulation of autophagy, and inflammation. Its location in the outer mitochondrial membrane, makes VDAC1 ideally placed to interact with over 100 proteins, and to orchestrate the interaction of mitochondrial and cellular activities through a number of signaling pathways. Here, we provide insights into the multiple functions of VDAC1 and describe its involvement in several diseases, which demonstrate the potential of this protein as a druggable target in a wide variety of pathologies, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.S.-K.); (A.V.)
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Butterfield DA, Boyd-Kimball D. Mitochondrial Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Alzheimer Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E818. [PMID: 32887505 PMCID: PMC7554713 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stress are widely recognized as critical factors in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease (AD) and its earlier stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A major source of free radicals that lead to oxidative and nitrosative damage is mitochondria. This review paper discusses oxidative and nitrosative stress and markers thereof in the brain, along with redox proteomics, which are techniques that have been pioneered in the Butterfield laboratory. Selected biological alterations in-and oxidative and nitrosative modifications of-mitochondria in AD and MCI and systems of relevance thereof also are presented. The review article concludes with a section on the implications of mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative stress in MCI and AD with respect to imaging studies in and targeted therapies toward these disorders. Taken together, this review provides support for the notion that brain mitochondrial alterations in AD and MCI are key components of oxidative and nitrosative stress observed in these two disorders, and as such, they provide potentially promising therapeutic targets to slow-and hopefully one day stop-the progression of AD, which is a devastating dementing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Debra Boyd-Kimball
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH 44601, USA;
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Dwivedi R, Pandey R, Chandra S, Mehrotra D. Apoptosis and genes involved in oral cancer - a comprehensive review. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:472. [PMID: 32685111 PMCID: PMC7365992 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers needs relentless research due to high mortality and morbidity associated with it. Despite of the comparable ease in accessibility to these sites, more than 2/3rd cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. Molecular/genetic studies augment clinical assessment, classification and prediction of malignant potential of oral lesions, thereby reducing its incidence and increasing the scope for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancers. Herein we aim to review the role of apoptosis and genes associated with it in oral cancer development in order to aid in early diagnosis, prediction of malignant potential and evaluation of possible treatment targets in oral cancer. An internet-based search was done with key words apoptosis, genes, mutations, targets and analysis to extract 72 articles after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The knowledge of genetics and genomics of oral cancer is of utmost need in order to stop the rising prevalence of oral cancer. Translational approach and interventions at the early stage of oral cancer, targeted destruction of cancerous cells by silencing or promoting involved genes should be the ideal intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dwivedi
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Pandey
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaleen Chandra
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- DHR-MRU & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hamed AB, Mantawy EM, El-Bakly WM, Abdel-Mottaleb Y, Azab SS. Putative anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic roles of the natural tissue guardian methyl palmitate against isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Myocardial injury is considered as a worldwide main cause of morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the probable cardioprotective activity of the naturally occurring endogenous fatty acid ester methyl palmitate (MP) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury in rats and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. The study was carried out in two consecutive sets of experiments; the first set screened the cardioprotective dose of MP in ISO-intoxicated rats. In the second set, forty male Sprague Dawley rats received either MP (150 mg/kg, p.o) three times/week for 2 weeks and/or 2 consecutive doses of ISO separated by 24 h (85 mg/kg, s.c) on the 13th and 14th days. Different cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Furthermore, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels were determined. For detection of apoptosis, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase 3 were estimated. To assess inflammation, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured using ELISA. Meanwhile, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were detected immunohistochemically.
Results
Pretreatment with MP significantly ameliorated the cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress markers. It also markedly elevated eNOS content, decreased apoptotic marker expression, and mitigated TLR-4 activation and other inflammatory markers. Electrocardiography and histopathological examination also confirmed the cardioprotective effect of MP.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicated that MP possesses a potent cardioprotective activity against ISO-induced myocardial injury through its significant antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatation activities.
Graphical abstract
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Hao Y, Chen H, Xu W, Gao J, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Tao L. Roundup ® confers cytotoxicity through DNA damage and Mitochondria-Associated apoptosis induction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:917-923. [PMID: 31226516 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most widely used pesticides in the world. The extensive use of them increases the potential human health risk, including the human inhalation toxicity risk. We studied the effect of the most famous GBH Roundup® (RDP) in the concentration range from 50 to 125 μg/mL on Mitochondria-Associated apoptosis and DNA damage in Human alveolar carcinoma cells (A549 cells). Alkaline comet assay, immunofluorescence assay and Flow Cytometric Analysis assay were employed to detect DNA damages and apoptosis of A549 cells. We found RDP caused concentration-dependent increases in DNA damages and proportion of apoptotic cells in A549 cells. RDP induced the DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks; the collapse of mitochondrial membrane by increasing Bax/Bcl-2, resulting in the release of cytochrome c into cytosol and then activated caspase-9/-3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in human lung tissue cells. The results demonstrate that RDP can induce A549 cells cytotoxic effects in vitro at the concentration lower than the occupational exposures level of workers, which means RDP has a potential threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwu Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Argueti S, Gupta R, Shvil N, Abu-Hamad S, Gropper Y, Hoeber J, Magrì A, Messina A, Kozlova EN, Shoshan-Barmatz V, Israelson A. A VDAC1-Derived N-Terminal Peptide Inhibits Mutant SOD1-VDAC1 Interactions and Toxicity in the SOD1 Model of ALS. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:346. [PMID: 31474832 PMCID: PMC6702328 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are the second most common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. SOD1 neurotoxicity has been attributed to aberrant accumulation of misfolded SOD1, which in its soluble form binds to intracellular organelles, such as mitochondria and ER, disrupting their functions. Here, we demonstrate that mutant SOD1 binds specifically to the N-terminal domain of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1), an outer mitochondrial membrane protein controlling cell energy, metabolic and survival pathways. Mutant SOD1G93A and SOD1G85R, but not wild type SOD1, directly interact with VDAC1 and reduce its channel conductance. No such interaction with N-terminal-truncated VDAC1 occurs. Moreover, a VDAC1-derived N-terminal peptide inhibited mutant SOD1-induced toxicity. Incubation of motor neuron-like NSC-34 cells expressing mutant SOD1 or mouse embryonic stem cell-derived motor neurons with different VDAC1 N-terminal peptides resulted in enhanced cell survival. Taken together, our results establish a direct link between mutant SOD1 toxicity and the VDAC1 N-terminal domain and suggest that VDAC1 N-terminal peptides targeting mutant SOD1 provide potential new therapeutic strategies for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Shirel Argueti
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Neta Shvil
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Salah Abu-Hamad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Yael Gropper
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Jan Hoeber
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Magrì
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Messina
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Adrian Israelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Pittala S, Mizrachi D. VDAC1 and the TSPO: Expression, Interactions, and Associated Functions in Health and Disease States. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133348. [PMID: 31288390 PMCID: PMC6651789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocator protein (TSPO), located at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), serves multiple functions and contributes to numerous processes, including cholesterol import, mitochondrial metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, Ca2+ signaling, oxidative stress, and inflammation. TSPO forms a complex with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a protein that mediates the flux of ions, including Ca2+, nucleotides, and metabolites across the OMM, controls metabolism and apoptosis and interacts with many proteins. This review focuses on the two OMM proteins TSPO and VDAC1, addressing their structural interaction and associated functions. TSPO appears to be involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species, proposed to represent the link between TSPO activation and VDAC, thus playing a role in apoptotic cell death. In addition, expression of the two proteins in healthy brains and diseased states is considered, as is the relationship between TSPO and VDAC1 expression. Both proteins are over-expressed in in brains from Alzheimer’s disease patients. Finally, TSPO expression levels were proposed as a biomarker of some neuropathological settings, while TSPO-interacting ligands have been considered as a potential basis for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Srinivas Pittala
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Dario Mizrachi
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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High glucose induces apoptosis of HUVECs in a mitochondria-dependent manner by suppressing hexokinase 2 expression. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:621-629. [PMID: 31258698 PMCID: PMC6566108 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes induces vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and subsequent vasculopathy. The aim of the current study was to investigate the pathological mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and vasculopathy using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. As high glucose-induced apoptosis is caused by elevated mitochondrial permeability-mediated release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, the current study examined voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1), the controller of mitochondrial permeability, and its regulators, hexokinase2 (HK2), Bcl-2 and Bax. The current study demonstrated that HK2 may be involved in high glucose-induced cell apoptosis, as HK2 overexpression partially reversed high glucose-induced downregulation of mitochondrial/cellular HK2 and Bcl-2 as well as upregulation of mitochondrial Bax. These results suggest that HK2 overexpression partially reversed the reduced binding of HK2 and Bcl-2 and the enhanced binding of Bax to VDAC1, which reduced the high mitochondrial permeability observed under high-glucose conditions. Furthermore, high glucose reduced HK2 transcription via down-regulation of the HK2 transcriptional factor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Taken together, these results suggest that PPARγ/HK2 may be novel targets for the prevention of diabetic vasculopathy.
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Mohamed HM, Mahmoud AM. Chronic exposure to the opioid tramadol induces oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis, and alters cerebral monoamine neurotransmitters in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:239-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Saletti R, Reina S, Pittalà MG, Magrì A, Cunsolo V, Foti S, De Pinto V. Post-translational modifications of VDAC1 and VDAC2 cysteines from rat liver mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:806-816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Amsalem Z, Arif T, Zooravlov A, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Selective induction of cancer cell death by VDAC1-based peptides and their potential use in cancer therapy. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1077-1103. [PMID: 29698587 PMCID: PMC6026870 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial VDAC1 mediates cross talk between the mitochondria and other parts of the cell by transporting anions, cations, ATP, Ca2+, and metabolites and serves as a key player in apoptosis. As such, VDAC1 is involved in two important hallmarks of cancer development, namely energy and metabolic reprograming and apoptotic cell death evasion. We previously developed cell‐penetrating VDAC1‐derived peptides that interact with hexokinase (HK), Bcl‐2, and Bcl‐xL to prevent the anti‐apoptotic activities of these proteins and induce cancer cell death, with a focus on leukemia and glioblastoma. In this study, we demonstrated the sensitivity of a panel of genetically characterized cancer cell lines, differing in origin and carried mutations, to VDAC1‐based peptide‐induced apoptosis. Noncancerous cell lines were less affected by the peptides. Furthermore, we constructed additional VDAC1‐based peptides with the aim of improving targeting, selectivity, and cellular stability, including R‐Tf‐D‐LP4, containing the transferrin receptor internalization sequence (Tf) that allows targeting of the peptide to cancer cells, known to overexpress the transferrin receptor. The mode of action of the VDAC1‐based peptides involves HK detachment, interfering with the action of anti‐apoptotic proteins, and thus activating multiple routes leading to an impairment of cell energy and metabolism homeostasis and the induction of apoptosis. Finally, in xenograft glioblastoma, lung, and breast cancer mouse models, R‐Tf‐D‐LP4 inhibited tumor growth while inducing massive cancer cell death, including of cancer stem cells. Thus, VDAC1‐based peptides offer an innovative new conceptual framework for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zohar Amsalem
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Zooravlov
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Nahon-Crystal E, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Gupta R. VDAC1, mitochondrial dysfunction, and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:87-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Magrì A, Reina S, De Pinto V. VDAC1 as Pharmacological Target in Cancer and Neurodegeneration: Focus on Its Role in Apoptosis. Front Chem 2018; 6:108. [PMID: 29682501 PMCID: PMC5897536 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and neurodegeneration are different classes of diseases that share the involvement of mitochondria in their pathogenesis. Whereas the high glycolytic rate (the so-called Warburg metabolism) and the suppression of apoptosis are key elements for the establishment and maintenance of cancer cells, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased cell death mark neurodegeneration. As a main actor in the regulation of cell metabolism and apoptosis, VDAC may represent the common point between these two broad families of pathologies. Located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, VDAC forms channels that control the flux of ions and metabolites across the mitochondrion thus mediating the organelle's cross-talk with the rest of the cell. Furthermore, the interaction with both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors makes VDAC a gatekeeper for mitochondria-mediated cell death and survival signaling pathways. Unfortunately, the lack of an evident druggability of this protein, since it has no defined binding or active sites, makes the quest for VDAC interacting molecules a difficult tale. Pharmacologically active molecules of different classes have been proposed to hit cancer and neurodegeneration. In this work, we provide an exhaustive and detailed survey of all the molecules, peptides, and microRNAs that exploit VDAC in the treatment of the two examined classes of pathologies. The mechanism of action and the potential or effectiveness of each compound are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Magrì
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Reina
- Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito De Pinto
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, National Institute for Biomembranes and Biosystems, Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
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