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Alves JV, da Costa RM, Awata WMC, Bruder-Nascimento A, Singh S, Tostes RC, Bruder-Nascimento T. NADPH oxidase 4-derived hydrogen peroxide counterbalances testosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction and migration. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E1-E12. [PMID: 38690939 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00365.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
High levels of testosterone (Testo) are associated with cardiovascular risk by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. NADPH oxidases (NOX) are the major source of ROS in the vasculature of cardiovascular diseases. NOX4 is a unique isotype, which produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and its participation in cardiovascular biology is controversial. So far, it is unclear whether NOX4 protects from Testo-induced endothelial injury. Thus, we hypothesized that supraphysiological levels of Testo induce endothelial NOX4 expression to attenuate endothelial injury. Human mesenteric vascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with Testo (10-7 M) with or without a NOX4 inhibitor [GLX351322 (10-4 M)] or NOX4 siRNA. In vivo, 10-wk-old C57Bl/6J male mice were treated with Testo (10 mg/kg) for 30 days to study endothelial function. Testo increased mRNA and protein levels of NOX4 in HMECs and HUVECs. Testo increased superoxide anion (O2-) and H2O2 production, which were abolished by NOX1 and NOX4 inhibition, respectively. Testo also attenuated bradykinin-induced NO production, which was further impaired by NOX4 inhibition. In vivo, Testo decreased H2O2 production in aortic segments and triggered endothelial dysfunction [decreased relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh)], which was further impaired by GLX351322 and by a superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic (EUK134). Finally, Testo led to a dysregulated endothelial cell migration, which was exacerbated by GLX351322. These data indicate that supraphysiological levels of Testo increase the endothelial expression and activity of NOX4 to counterbalance the deleterious effects caused by Testo in endothelial function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY By inducing ROS formation, high levels of testosterone play a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. NOXs are the major sources of ROS in the vasculature of cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we describe a novel compensatory mechanism by showing that NOX4 is a protective oxidant enzyme and counterbalances the deleterious effects of testosterone in endothelial cells by modulating hydrogen peroxide formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael M da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jatai, Jatai, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Wanessa M C Awata
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shubhnita Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Center for Pediatrics Research in Obesity and Metabolism (CPROM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Endocrinology Division at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Vascular Medicine Institute (VMI), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Yakout SM, Abdi S, Alaskar AH, Khattak MNK, Al-Masri AA, Al-Daghri NM. Impact of Vitamin D Status Correction on Serum Lipid Profile, Carboxypeptidase N and Nitric Oxide Levels in Saudi Adults. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097711. [PMID: 37175418 PMCID: PMC10177893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact on the lipid profile, carboxypeptidase N (CPN) and nitric oxide (NOx) associated with vitamin D (VD) status correction among Saudi adults with VD deficiency. A total 111 VD deficient (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L)) adult Saudis aged 18-50 years old (57 females and 54 males) were enrolled in this 6-month interventional study. They were given 50,000 IU VD weekly for the first 2 months and then twice a month for the next 2 months, followed by 1000 IU daily for the last 2 months. The fasting lipid profile and the blood glucose, VD, NOx and CPN concentrations were measured at baseline and after intervention. Post-supplementation, the median VD was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in females [58.3 (50.6-71.2)] and males [57.8 (51.0-71.8)]. HDL cholesterol significantly increased (p = 0.05) and NOx significantly decreased (p = 0.02) in males post-supplementation. Triglycerides were positively associated with NOx in all subjects before (r = 0.44, p = 0.01) and after (r = 0.37, p = 0.01) VD status correction. There was a significant increase in serum levels of CPN2 (p = 0.02) in all subjects. Furthermore, CPN was inversely correlated with NOx (r = -0.35, p = 0.05) in males post-supplementation. In conclusion, VD status correction reduced serum NOx, particularly in males. The inhibition of NOx synthesis may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of VD supplementation. An inverse association was found between NOx and CPN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhy M Yakout
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saba Abdi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhanouf H Alaskar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Feenstra L, Kutikhin AG, Shishkova DK, Buikema H, Zeper LW, Bourgonje AR, Krenning G, Hillebrands JL. Calciprotein Particles Induce Endothelial Dysfunction by Impairing Endothelial Nitric Oxide Metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:443-455. [PMID: 36727521 PMCID: PMC9944758 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calciprotein particles (CPPs) are associated with the development of vascular calcifications in chronic kidney disease. The role of endothelial cells (ECs) in this process is unknown. Here, we investigated the interaction of CPPs and ECs, thereby focusing on endothelial nitric oxide metabolism and oxidative stress. METHODS CPPs were generated in calcium- and phosphate-enriched medium. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of CPPs (0-100 µg/mL) for 24 or 72 hours. Ex vivo porcine coronary artery rings were used to measure endothelial cell-dependent vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation after CPP exposure. Serum samples from an early chronic kidney disease cohort (n=245) were analyzed for calcification propensity (measure for CPP formation) and nitrate and nitrite levels (NOx). RESULTS CPP exposure for 24 hours reduced eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) mRNA expression and decreased nitrite production, indicating reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Also, 24-hour CPP exposure caused increased mitochondria-derived superoxide generation, together with nitrotyrosine protein residue formation. Long-term (72 hours) exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to CPPs induced eNOS uncoupling and decreased eNOS protein expression, indicating further impairment of the nitric oxide pathway. The ex vivo porcine coronary artery model showed a significant reduction in endothelial-dependent vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation after CPP exposure. A negative association was observed between NOx levels and calcification propensity (r=-0.136; P=0.049) in sera of (early) chronic kidney disease patients. CONCLUSIONS CPPs cause endothelial cell dysfunction by impairing nitric oxide metabolism and generating oxidative stress. Our findings provide new evidence for direct effects of CPPs on ECs and pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Feenstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K., J.-L.H.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton G. Kutikhin
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., D.K.S.)
| | - Daria K. Shishkova
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., D.K.S.)
| | - Hendrik Buikema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology (H.B., G.K.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lara W. Zeper
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (L.W.Z.)
| | - Arno R. Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (A.R.B.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K., J.-L.H.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology (H.B., G.K.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K., J.-L.H.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sudi S, Thomas FM, Daud SK, Ag Daud DM, Sunggip C. The Pleiotropic Role of Extracellular ATP in Myocardial Remodelling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052102. [PMID: 36903347 PMCID: PMC10004151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial remodelling is a molecular, cellular, and interstitial adaptation of the heart in response to altered environmental demands. The heart undergoes reversible physiological remodelling in response to changes in mechanical loading or irreversible pathological remodelling induced by neurohumoral factors and chronic stress, leading to heart failure. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the potent mediators in cardiovascular signalling that act on the ligand-gated (P2X) and G-protein-coupled (P2Y) purinoceptors via the autocrine or paracrine manners. These activations mediate numerous intracellular communications by modulating the production of other messengers, including calcium, growth factors, cytokines, and nitric oxide. ATP is known to play a pleiotropic role in cardiovascular pathophysiology, making it a reliable biomarker for cardiac protection. This review outlines the sources of ATP released under physiological and pathological stress and its cell-specific mechanism of action. We further highlight a series of cardiovascular cell-to-cell communications of extracellular ATP signalling cascades in cardiac remodelling, which can be seen in hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and atrophy. Finally, we summarize current pharmacological intervention using the ATP network as a target for cardiac protection. A better understanding of ATP communication in myocardial remodelling could be worthwhile for future drug development and repurposing and the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaini Sudi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fiona Macniesia Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Siti Kadzirah Daud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Dayang Maryama Ag Daud
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Health through Exercise and Active Living (HEAL) Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Caroline Sunggip
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Prathiraja O, Jena R, Coffie-Pierre JA, Agyei J, Silva MS, Kayani AMA, Siddiqui OS. A Comprehensive Review of Bradykinin-Induced Angioedema Versus Histamine-Induced Angioedema in the Emergency Department. Cureus 2022; 14:e32075. [PMID: 36600855 PMCID: PMC9803396 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Angioedema (AE) is a condition that is frequently encountered in the emergency department (ED). It is a rare condition with localized, asymmetrical swelling of the skin and/or mucosa that is frequently nonpruritic and primarily affects locations with loose connective tissue. Physicians must have a thorough understanding of this condition since it can cause fatal airway compromise, which might be the presenting symptom. Histamine-mediated AE is the most common type of AE seen in EDs. However, ED physicians must be on the lookout for the less common bradykinin-mediated types of AE as these do not respond to the same therapy as histamine-mediated AE. Hospitals may lack specialized drugs or protocols, and many ED staff may be unable to identify or treat bradykinin-mediated AE. It is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of the various kinds of AE in order to optimize treatment. The goal of this review paper is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options for bradykinin and histamine-induced AE in the ED.
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Combined Treatment with KV Channel Inhibitor 4-Aminopyridine and either γ-Cystathionine Lyase Inhibitor β-Cyanoalanine or Epinephrine Restores Blood Pressure, and Improves Survival in the Wistar Rat Model of Anaphylactic Shock. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101455. [PMID: 36290359 PMCID: PMC9598754 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Allergic diseases are presenting a constant increase all over the world and caused by such different substances as food, drugs, and pollens. Anaphylactic shock is the more severe complication of allergy which can induce death if the treatment is not administered immediately. Some patients do not respond to the recommended treatment, intra venous or intramuscular epinephrine. The pathophysiology of anaphylactic shock is still under investigation. The mediators released after the activation of mast cells and basophiles act on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, inducing the vasodilation responsible for hypotension and shock. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulphide are both intracellular mediators that induce vasodilation. The role of potassium voltage dependent channels is suspected. We aimed to demonstrate the ability of a blocker of potassium voltage dependent channels, 4-aminopyridine, alone or in combination with inhibitors of cystathionine γ-lyase to restore blood pressure and improve survival in an ovalbumin rat anaphylactic shock model. The blockade of potassium voltage dependent channels alone or combined with inhibitors of cystathionine γ-lyase, dl-propargylglycine, or β-cyanoalanine restored blood pressure and improved survival. These findings suggest possible investigative treatment pathways for research concerning epinephrine-refractory anaphylactic shock in patients. Abstract The mechanism of anaphylactic shock (AS) remains incompletely understood. The potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), the inhibitors of cystathionine γ-lyase (ICSE), dl-propargylglycine (DPG) or β-cyanoalanine (BCA), and the nitric oxide (NO) synthase produce vasoconstriction and could be an alternative for the treatment of AS. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the ability of L-NAME, ICSE alone or in combination with 4-AP to restore blood pressure (BP) and improve survival in ovalbumin (OVA) rats AS. Experimental groups included non-sensitized Wistar rats (n = 6); AS (n = 6); AS (n = 10 per group) treated i.v. with 4-AP (AS+4-AP), epinephrine (AS+EPI), AS+DPG, AS+BCA, or with L-NAME (AS+L-NAME); or AS treated with drug combinations 4-AP+DPG, 4-AP+BCA, 4-AP+L-NAME, or 4-AP+EPI. AS was induced by i.v. OVA (1 mg). Treatments were administered i.v. one minute after AS induction. Mean arterial BP (MAP), heart rate (HR), and survival were monitored for 60 min. Plasma levels of histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2 (PGF2α), leukotriene B4 and C4, angiotensin II, vasopressin, oxidative stress markers, pH, HCO3, PaO2, PaCO2, and K+ were measured. OVA induced severe hypotension and all AS rats died. Moreover, 4-AP, 4-AP+EPI, or 4-AP+BCA normalized both MAP and HR and increased survival. All sensitized rats treated with 4-AP alone or with 4-AP+BCA survived. The time-integrated MAP “area under the curve” was significantly higher after combined 4-AP treatment with ICSE. Metabolic acidosis was not rescued and NO, ICSE, and Kv inhibitors differentially alter oxidative stress and plasma levels of anaphylactic mediators. The AS-induced reduction of serum angiotensin II levels was prevented by 4-AP treatment alone or in combination with other drugs. Further, 4-AP treatment combined with EPI or with BCA also increased serum PGF2α, whereas only the 4-AP+EPI combination increased serum LTB4. Serum vasopressin and angiotensin II levels were increased by 4-AP treatment alone or in combination with other drugs. Moreover, 4-AP alone and in combination with inhibition of cystathionine γ-lyase or EPI normalizes BP, increases serum vasoconstrictor levels, and improves survival in the Wistar rat model of AS. These findings suggest possible investigative treatment pathways for research into epinephrine-refractory anaphylactic shock in patients.
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Solone XKV, Caldara AL, Wells B, Qiao H, Wade LR, Salerno JC, Helms KA, Smith KER, McMurry JL, Chrestensen CA. MAP kinases differentially bind and phosphorylate NOS3 via two unique NOS3 sites. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1075-1086. [PMID: 35182051 PMCID: PMC9063426 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) is a major vasoprotective enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of l-arginine to nitric oxide (NO) in response to a significant number of signaling pathways. Here, we provide evidence that NOS3 interactions with MAP kinases have physiological relevance. Binding interactions of NOS3 with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1α1 ), p38α, and ERK2 were characterized using optical biosensing with full-length NOS3 and NOS3 specific peptides and phosphopeptides. Like p38α and ERK2, JNK1α1 exhibited high-affinity binding to full-length NOS3 (KD 15 nm). Rate constants exhibited fast-on, slow-off binding (kon = 4106 m-1 s-1 ; koff = 6.2 × 10-5 s-1 ). Further analysis using synthetic NOS3 peptides revealed two MAP kinase binding sites unique to NOS3. p38α evinced similar affinity with both NOS3 binding sites. For ERK2 and JNK1α1, the affinity at the two sites differed. However, NOS3 peptides with a phosphate at either S114 or S633 did not meaningfully interact with the kinases. Immunoblotting revealed that each kinase phosphorylated NOS3 with a unique pattern. JNK1α1 predominantly phosphorylated NOS3 at S114, ERK2 at S600, and p38α phosphorylated both residues. In vitro production of NO was unchanged by phosphorylation at these sites. In human microvascular endothelial cells, endogenous interactions of all the MAP kinases with NOS3 were captured using proximity ligation assay in resting cells. Our results underscore the importance of MAP kinase interactions, identifying two unique NOS3 interaction sites with potential for modulation by MAP kinase phosphorylation (S114) and other signaling inputs, like protein kinase A (S633).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xzaviar K. V. Solone
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
- Present address:
Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Amber L. Caldara
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
| | - Brady Wells
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
| | - Hao Qiao
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
| | - Lydia R. Wade
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
| | - John C. Salerno
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
| | - Katy A. Helms
- Department of Molecular & Cellular BiologyKennesaw State UniversityGAUSA
- Present address:
Wake Forest Medical CenterWinston‐SalemNCUSA
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Pontes VCB, Tavares JPTDM, Rosenstock TR, Rodrigues DS, Yudi MI, Soares JPM, Ribeiro SC, Sutti R, Torres LMB, de Melo FHM, Gamberini MT. Increased acute blood flow induced by the aqueous extract of Euterpe oleracea Mart. fruit pulp in rats in vivo is not related to the direct activation of endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113885. [PMID: 33539952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scientific evidence supports the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-lipidemic properties of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí), which all converge to reduce cardiovascular risks. Macerating the pulp of açaí fruit produces a viscous aqueous extract (AE) rich in flavonoids that is commonly used in food production. In addition to nutritional aspects, cardiovascular benefits are attributed to AE by traditional medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluation of AE impact on blood flow in vivo in rats and investigation of the mechanism underlying this response in vitro in rat endothelial cells (RECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS For the measurement of acute blood flow, a perivascular ultrasound probe was used in Wistar rats. The in vitro assays employed REC to evaluate: concentration (1-1000 μg/mL) and time response (2-180 min) of AE in MTT cell viability assays; nitric oxide (NO) levels measurement and intracellular calcium handling using DAF-2DA and Fluo-4-AM, respectively; cellular biopterin content by HPLC; activation of Akt pathway using western blot analysis. For the chemical analyses of AE, stock solutions of the standards (+)catechin and quercetin were used for obtaining linear calibration curves. Identification and quantification of flavonoids in AE were based on comparisons with the retention times, increase in peak area determine by co-injection of AE with standards, UV-Vis scan and standard curves of known spectra. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Although in vivo data have revealed the participation of NO in increasing of acute blood flow on abdominal aorta, in vitro analysis demonstrated that vasodilatation AE-induced is not related to its direct action on endothelial cells inducing eNOS activation. Besides, we demonstrated in isolated endothelial cells that highest concentrations of AE caused a reduction in NO levels, effect that could be partly justified by inhibition of Akt phosphorylation which, in turn, could decrease NOS activation. The involvement of cell transduction pathways involving variations in intracellular calcium and biopterins concentration were discarded. The participation of catechin and quercetin, identified in AE, was postulated to induce the responses of AE in REC. CONCLUSIONS Despite the responses in vitro, vasodilation prevailed in vivo, probably by activating intermediate pathways, validating a potential beneficial effect of AE in reducing cardiovascular risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victória Caroline Bottino Pontes
- Department of Physiological Sciences Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Domingos Sávio Rodrigues
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Centro de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico e Reservas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Icimoto Yudi
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Pereira Moura Soares
- Department of Physiological Sciences Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Costa Ribeiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Sutti
- Department of Physiological Sciences Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luce Maria Brandão Torres
- Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Centro de Pesquisa Jardim Botânico e Reservas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Thereza Gamberini
- Department of Physiological Sciences Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences - School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Park JH, Cho DH, Hwang YJ, Lee JY, Lee HJ, Jo I. Activation of ATM/Akt/CREB/eNOS Signaling Axis by Aphidicolin Increases NO Production and Vessel Relaxation in Endothelial Cells and Rat Aortas. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:549-560. [PMID: 32394671 PMCID: PMC7585642 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although DNA damage responses (DDRs) are reported to be involved in nitric oxide (NO) production in response to genotoxic stresses, the precise mechanism of DDR-mediated NO production has not been fully understood. Using a genotoxic agent aphidicolin, we investigated how DDRs regulate NO production in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Prolonged (over 24 h) treatment with aphidicolin increased NO production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein expression, which was accompanied by increased eNOS dimer/monomer ratio, tetrahydrobiopterin levels, and eNOS mRNA expression. A promoter assay using 5'-serially deleted eNOS promoters revealed that Tax-responsive element site, located at -962 to -873 of the eNOS promoter, was responsible for aphidicolin-stimulated eNOS gene expression. Aphidicolin increased CREB activity and ectopic expression of dominantnegative inhibitor of CREB, A-CREB, repressed the stimulatory effects of aphidicolin on eNOS gene expression and its promoter activity. Co-treatment with LY294002 decreased the aphidicolin-stimulated increase in p-CREB-Ser133 level, eNOS expression, and NO production. Furthermore, ectopic expression of dominant-negative Akt construct attenuated aphidicolin-stimulated NO production. Aphidicolin increased p-ATM-Ser1981 and the knockdown of ATM using siRNA attenuated all stimulatory effects of aphidicolin on p-Akt-Ser473, p-CREB-Ser133, eNOS expression, and NO production. Additionally, these stimulatory effects of aphidicolin were similarly observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Lastly, aphidicolin increased acetylcholine-induced vessel relaxation in rat aortas, which was accompanied by increased p-ATM-Ser1981, p-Akt-Ser473, p-CREB-Ser133, and eNOS expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that in response to aphidicolin, activation of ATM/Akt/CREB/eNOS signaling cascade mediates increase of NO production and vessel relaxation in endothelial cells and rat aortas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Hyong Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jin Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
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10
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Wright WS, Eshaq RS, Lee M, Kaur G, Harris NR. Retinal Physiology and Circulation: Effect of Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:933-974. [PMID: 32941691 PMCID: PMC10088460 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present a discussion of diabetes and its complications, including the macrovascular and microvascular effects, with the latter of consequence to the retina. We will discuss the anatomy and physiology of the retina, including aspects of metabolism and mechanisms of oxygenation, with the latter accomplished via a combination of the retinal and choroidal blood circulations. Both of these vasculatures are altered in diabetes, with the retinal circulation intimately involved in the pathology of diabetic retinopathy. The later stages of diabetic retinopathy involve poorly controlled angiogenesis that is of great concern, but in our discussion, we will focus more on several alterations in the retinal circulation occurring earlier in the progression of disease, including reductions in blood flow and a possible redistribution of perfusion that may leave some areas of the retina ischemic and hypoxic. Finally, we include in this article a more recent area of investigation regarding the diabetic retinal vasculature, that is, the alterations to the endothelial surface layer that normally plays a vital role in maintaining physiological functions. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:933-974, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Randa S Eshaq
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Minsup Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gaganpreet Kaur
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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11
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Lee HJ, Park JH, Oh SY, Cho DH, Kim S, Jo I. Zearalenone-Induced Interaction between PXR and Sp1 Increases Binding of Sp1 to a Promoter Site of the eNOS, Decreasing Its Transcription and NO Production in BAECs. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060421. [PMID: 32630586 PMCID: PMC7354576 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal mycotoxin that has various toxicological impacts on mammalian health. Here, we found that ZEN significantly affected the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). A promoter analysis using 5′-serially deleted human eNOS promoter revealed that the proximal region (−135 to +22) was responsible for ZEN-mediated reduction of the human eNOS promoter activity. This effect was reversed by mutation of two specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding elements in the human eNOS promoter. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that ZEN increased Sp1 binding to the bovine eNOS promoter region (−113 to −12), which is homologous to −135 to +22 of the human eNOS promoter region. We also found that ZEN promoted the binding of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) to Sp1 of the bovine eNOS, consequently decreasing eNOS expression. This reduction of eNOS could have contributed to the decreased acetylcholine-induced vessel relaxation upon ZEN treatment in our ex vivo study using mouse aortas. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that ZEN decreases eNOS expression by enhancing the binding of PXR-Sp1 to the eNOS promoter, thereby decreasing NO production and potentially causing vessel dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.); (S.-Y.O.)
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.); (S.-Y.O.)
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.); (S.-Y.O.)
| | - Du-Hyong Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea; (D.-H.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyunchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea; (D.-H.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (J.-H.P.); (S.-Y.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 82-2-6986-6267
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12
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Singh PK, Chen ZL, Ghosh D, Strickland S, Norris EH. Increased plasma bradykinin level is associated with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's patients. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 139:104833. [PMID: 32173555 PMCID: PMC7175647 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of proteinaceous brain deposits, brain atrophy, vascular dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Along with cerebral inflammation, peripheral inflammation is also evident in many AD patients. Bradykinin, a proinflammatory plasma peptide, is also linked to AD pathology. For example, bradykinin infusion into the hippocampus causes learning and memory deficits in rats, and blockade of the bradykinin receptor lessens cognitive impairment in AD mouse models. Even though it has been hypothesized that plasma bradykinin could contribute to inflammation in AD, the level of plasma bradykinin and its association with beta-amyloid (Aβ) pathology in AD patients had not been explored. Here, we assessed plasma bradykinin levels in AD patients and age-matched non-demented (ND) control individuals. We found significantly elevated plasma bradykinin levels in AD patients compared to ND subjects. Additionally, changes in plasma bradykinin levels were more profound in many AD patients with severe cognitive impairment, suggesting that peripheral bradykinin could play a role in dementia most likely via inflammation. Bradykinin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were reduced in AD patients and exhibited an inverse correlation with the CSF Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio. We also report that bradykinin interacts with the fibrillar form of Aβ and co-localizes with Aβ plaques in the post-mortem human AD brain. These findings connect the peripheral inflammatory pathway to cerebral abnormalities and identify a novel mechanism of inflammatory pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Singh
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zu-Lin Chen
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dhiman Ghosh
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, WolfgangPauli-Str. 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sidney Strickland
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Erin H Norris
- Patricia and John Rosenwald Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Autocrine Bradykinin Release Promotes Ischemic Preconditioning-Induced Cytoprotection in Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082965. [PMID: 32340102 PMCID: PMC7215376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess whether ischemic preconditioning (PC) induces bradykinin (Bk) synthesis in bovine aortic endothelial cells (bAECs) and, if so, to explore the molecular mechanisms by which this peptide provides cytoprotection against hypoxia. PC was induced by exposing bAECs to three cycles of 15 min of hypoxia followed by 15 min of reoxygenation. Bk synthesis peaked in correspondence to the early and late phases of PC (10−12 M and 10−11 M, respectively) and was abolished by a selective tissue kallikrein inhibitor, aprotinin. Stimulation with exogenous Bk at concentrations of 10−12 M and 10−11 M reduced the cell death induced by 12 h of hypoxia by 50%. Pretreatment with HOE−140, a Bk receptor 2 (BKR2) inhibitor, in bAECs exposed to 12 h of hypoxia, abrogated the cytoprotective effect of early and late PC, whereas des-Arg-HOE-140, a Bk receptor 1 (BKR1) inhibitor, affected only the late PC. In addition, we found that PC evoked endocytosis and the recycling of BKR2 during both the early and late phases, and that inhibition of these pathways affected PC-mediated cytoprotection. Finally, we evaluated the activation of PKA and Akt in the presence or absence of BKR2 inhibitor. HOE-140 abrogated PKA and Akt activation during both early and late PC. Consistently, BKR2 inhibition abolished cross-talk between PKA and Akt in PC. In bAECs, Bk-synthesis evoked by PC mediates the protection against both apoptotic and necrotic hypoxia-induced cell death in an autocrine manner, by both BKR2- and BKR1-dependent mechanisms.
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart arrhythmia and is associated with poor outcomes. The adverse effects of AF are mediated through multiple pathways, including endothelial dysfunction, as measured by flow-mediated dilatation. Flow-mediated dilatation has demonstrated endothelial dysfunction in several conditions and is associated with poor outcomes including mortality, yet can be improved with medical therapy. It is thus a useful tool in assessing endothelial function in patients. Endothelial dysfunction is present in patients with AF and is associated with poor outcomes. These patients are generally older and have other co-morbidities such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes. The precise process by which AF is affiliated with endothelial damage/dysfunction remains elusive. This review explores the endothelial structure, its physiology and how it is affected in patients with AF. It also assesses the utility of flow mediated dilatation as a technique to assess endothelial function in patients with AF. Key MessagesEndothelial function is affected in patients with atrial fibrillation as with other cardiovascular conditions.Endothelial dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes such as stroke, myocardial infarction and death, yet is a reversible condition.Flow-mediated dilatation is a reliable tool to assess endothelial function in patients with atrial fibrillation.Patients with atrial fibrillation should be considered for endothelial function assessment and attempts made to reverse this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan A Khan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham N Thomas
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alena Shantsila
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Chen ZW, Tsai CH, Pan CT, Chou CH, Liao CW, Hung CS, Wu VC, Lin YH. Endothelial Dysfunction in Primary Aldosteronism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205214. [PMID: 31640178 PMCID: PMC6829211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is characterized by excess production of aldosterone from the adrenal glands and is the most common and treatable cause of secondary hypertension. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone that participates in the regulation of electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and tissue remodeling. The excess of aldosterone caused by PA results in an increase in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and even arrhythmia and heart failure. Endothelial dysfunction is a well-established fundamental cause of cardiovascular diseases and also a predictor of worse clinical outcomes. Accumulating evidence indicates that aldosterone plays an important role in the initiation and progression of endothelial dysfunction. Several mechanisms have been shown to contribute to aldosterone-induced endothelial dysfunction, including aldosterone-mediated vascular tone dysfunction, aldosterone- and endothelium-mediated vascular inflammation, aldosterone-related atherosclerosis, and vascular remodeling. These mechanisms are activated by aldosterone through genomic and nongenomic pathways in mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent and independent manners. In addition, other cells have also been shown to participate in these mechanisms. The complex interactions among endothelium, inflammatory cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts are crucial for aldosterone-mediated endothelial dysregulation. In this review, we discuss the association between aldosterone and endothelial function and the complex mechanisms from a molecular aspect. Furthermore, we also review current clinical research of endothelial dysfunction in patients with PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin 64041, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Jin-Shan Branch, New Taipei City 20844, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ting Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin 64041, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hung Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10041, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Wei Liao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu 30059, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Sheng Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
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Kasture V, Dalvi S, Swamy M, Kale A, Joshi S. Omega-3 fatty acids differentially influences embryotoxicity in subtypes of preeclampsia. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:205-212. [PMID: 30964712 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1601208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Early (EOP) and late onset (LOP) preeclampsia are two subtypes of preeclampsia. This study examines the effect of maternal omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E supplementation in a rat model of preeclampsia.Method: Pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to control; EOP; LOP; EOP+omega-3 fatty acid supplementation+vitamin E and LOP+omega-3 fatty acid supplementation+vitamin E. L-Nitroarginine methylester was used to induce preeclampsia. Blood Pressure (BP) was recorded during pregnancy and dams were dissected at d14 and d20 of gestation.Results: Animals from EOP and LOP groups demonstrated higher systolic and diastolic BP, lower weight gain, lower conceptuses size, lower conceptuses weight and fetal weight as compared to control. EOP and LOP groups showed higher percentage of fetal resorptions and embryotoxicity (deformities and hematomas).Conclusion: Supplementation reduced the diastolic BP, percentage of resorptions and embryotoxicity only in the LOP group, suggesting a need for differential supplementation regime for the two subtypes of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Kasture
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Surabhi Dalvi
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Mayur Swamy
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Anvita Kale
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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Niewiarowska-Sendo A, Kozik A, Guevara-Lora I. Influence of bradykinin B2 receptor and dopamine D2 receptor on the oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptotic process in human endothelial cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206443. [PMID: 30427893 PMCID: PMC6241119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases and is often linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Our earlier study reported the formation of a functional heterodimer between bradykinin receptor 2 (B2R) and dopamine receptor 2 (D2R) that may modulate cell responses, dependent on intracellular signaling. Here, for the first time, we showed a cooperative effect of these receptors on the modulation of processes involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in endothelial cells. Sumanirole, a specific D2R agonist, was shown to diminish the excessive production of reactive oxygen species induced by bradykinin, a proinflammatory B2R-activating peptide. This effect was accompanied by modified activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, leading to enhance NO production. In turn, endothelial cell co-stimulation with B2R and D2R agonists inhibited the release of interleukin-6 and endothelin-1 and modulated the expression of apoptosis markers, such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, and caspase 3/7 activity. All these observations argue that the D2R agonist counteracts the pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic effects induced through B2R, finally markedly improving endothelial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Niewiarowska-Sendo
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ibeth Guevara-Lora
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
- * E-mail:
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18
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Shemilt R, Bagabir H, Lang C, Khan F. Potential mechanisms for the effects of far-infrared on the cardiovascular system - a review. VASA 2018; 48:303-312. [PMID: 30421656 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Far-infrared (FIR) is a form of thermal radiation, which may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Clinical studies suggest that FIR irradiation may have therapeutic effects in heart failure, myocardial ischaemia and may improve flow and survival of arteriovenous fistula. Animal studies have suggested a wide range of potential mechanisms involving endothelial nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress, heat shock proteins and endothelial precursor cells. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanism of FIR on the cardiovascular system remains elusive. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current literature, focusing on mechanistic studies involving the cardiovascular system, and with a view to highlighting areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Shemilt
- 1 Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee
| | - Hala Bagabir
- 1 Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee
| | - Chim Lang
- 1 Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee
| | - Faisel Khan
- 1 Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee
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Weber M, Steinle H, Golombek S, Hann L, Schlensak C, Wendel HP, Avci-Adali M. Blood-Contacting Biomaterials: In Vitro Evaluation of the Hemocompatibility. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:99. [PMID: 30062094 PMCID: PMC6054932 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocompatibility of blood-contacting biomaterials is one of the most important criteria for their successful in vivo applicability. Thus, extensive in vitro analyses according to ISO 10993-4 are required prior to clinical applications. In this review, we summarize essential aspects regarding the evaluation of the hemocompatibility of biomaterials and the required in vitro analyses for determining the blood compatibility. Static, agitated, or shear flow models are used to perform hemocompatibility studies. Before and after the incubation of the test material with fresh human blood, hemolysis, cell counts, and the activation of platelets, leukocytes, coagulation and complement system are analyzed. Furthermore, the surface of biomaterials are evaluated concerning attachment of blood cells, adsorption of proteins, and generation of thrombus and fibrin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Sriwantana T, Vivithanaporn P, Paiboonsukwong K, Rattanawonsakul K, Srihirun S, Sibmooh N. Deferiprone increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide production. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:879-885. [PMID: 29806986 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron chelation can improve endothelial function. However, effect on endothelial function of deferiprone has not been reported. We hypothesized deferiprone could promote nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells. We studied effects of deferiprone on blood nitrite and blood pressure after single oral dose (25 mg/kg) in healthy subjects and hemoglobin E/β-thalassemia patients. Further, effects of deferiprone on NO production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) were investigated in vitro. Blood nitrite levels were higher in patients with deferiprone therapy than those without deferiprone (P = 0.023, n = 16 each). Deferiprone increased nitrite in plasma and whole blood of healthy subjects (P = 0.002 and 0.044) and thalassemia patients (P = 0.003 and 0.046) at time 180 min (n = 20 each). Asymptomatic reduction in diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.005) and increase in heart rate (P = 0.009) were observed in healthy subjects, but not in thalassemia patients. In HPAEC, deferiprone increased cellular nitrite and phospho-eNOS (Ser1177) (P = 0.012 and 0.035, n = 6) without alteration in total eNOS protein and mRNA. We conclude that deferiprone can induce NO production by enhancing eNOS phosphorylation in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanaporn Sriwantana
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kittiphong Paiboonsukwong
- b Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Krit Rattanawonsakul
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sirada Srihirun
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nathawut Sibmooh
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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21
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Protein kinase A regulates inflammatory pain sensitization by modulating HCN2 channel activity in nociceptive sensory neurons. Pain 2018; 158:2012-2024. [PMID: 28767511 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies implicated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as an important second messenger for regulating nociceptor sensitization, but downstream targets of this signaling pathway which contribute to neuronal plasticity are not well understood. We used a Cre/loxP-based strategy to disable the function of either HCN2 or PKA selectively in a subset of peripheral nociceptive neurons and analyzed the nociceptive responses in both transgenic lines. A near-complete lack of sensitization was observed in both mutant strains when peripheral inflammation was induced by an intradermal injection of 8br-cAMP. The lack of HCN2 as well as the inhibition of PKA eliminated the cAMP-mediated increase of calcium transients in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Facilitation of Ih via cAMP, a hallmark of the Ih current, was abolished in neurons without PKA activity. Collectively, these results show a significant contribution of both genes to inflammatory pain and suggest that PKA-dependent activation of HCN2 underlies cAMP-triggered neuronal sensitization.
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22
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Choi SI, Hwang SW. Depolarizing Effectors of Bradykinin Signaling in Nociceptor Excitation in Pain Perception. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:255-267. [PMID: 29378387 PMCID: PMC5933892 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the main causes of pathologic pain. Knowledge of the molecular links between inflammatory signals and pain-mediating neuronal signals is essential for understanding the mechanisms behind pain exacerbation. Some inflammatory mediators directly modulate the excitability of pain-mediating neurons by contacting the receptor molecules expressed in those neurons. For decades, many discoveries have accumulated regarding intraneuronal signals from receptor activation through electrical depolarization for bradykinin, a major inflammatory mediator that is able to both excite and sensitize pain-mediating nociceptor neurons. Here, we focus on the final effectors of depolarization, the neuronal ion channels, whose functionalities are specifically affected by bradykinin stimulation. Particular G-protein coupled signaling cascades specialized for each specific depolarizer ion channels are summarized. Some of these ion channels not only serve as downstream effectors but also play critical roles in relaying specific pain modalities such as thermal or mechanical pain. Accordingly, specific pain phenotypes altered by bradykinin stimulation are also discussed. Some members of the effector ion channels are both activated and sensitized by bradykinin-induced neuronal signaling, while others only sensitized or inhibited, which are also introduced. The present overview of the effect of bradykinin on nociceptor neuronal excitability at the molecular level may contribute to better understanding of an important aspect of inflammatory pain and help future design of further research on the components involved and pain modulating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-In Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Trivedi RK, Polhemus DJ, Li Z, Yoo D, Koiwaya H, Scarborough A, Goodchild TT, Lefer DJ. Combined Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors Improve Cardiac and Vascular Function Via Increased NO Bioavailability in Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008268. [PMID: 29502102 PMCID: PMC5866338 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background There is a paucity of data about the mechanisms by which sacubitril/valsartan (also known as LCZ696) improves outcomes in patients with heart failure. Specifically, the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on vascular function and NO bioavailability have not been investigated. We hypothesized that sacubitril/valsartan therapy increases circulating NO levels and improves vascular function in the setting of heart failure. Methods and Results Male spontaneously hypertensive rats underwent myocardial ischemia/reperfusion surgery to induce heart failure and were followed for up to 12 weeks with serial echocardiography. Rats received sacubitril/valsartan (68 mg/kg), valsartan (31 mg/kg), or vehicle starting at 4 weeks after reperfusion. At 8 or 12 weeks of reperfusion, animals were euthanized and tissues were collected for ex vivo analyses of NO bioavailability, aortic vascular reactivity, myocardial and vascular histology, and cardiac molecular assays. Left ventricular structure and function were improved by both valsartan and sacubitril/valsartan compared with vehicle. Sacubitril/valsartan resulted in superior cardiovascular benefits, as evidenced by sustained improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction and end‐diastolic pressure. Ex vivo vascular function, as measured by aortic vasorelaxation responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, was significantly improved by valsartan and sacubitril/valsartan, with more sustained improvements afforded by sacubitril/valsartan. Furthermore, myocardial NO bioavailability was significantly enhanced in animals receiving sacubitril/valsartan therapy. Conclusions Sacubitril/valsartan offers superior cardiovascular protection in heart failure and improves vascular function to a greater extent than valsartan alone. Sacubitril/valsartan‐mediated improvements in cardiac and vascular function are likely related to increases in NO bioavailability and explain, in part, the benefits beyond angiotensin receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi K Trivedi
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.,Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - David J Polhemus
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.,Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Zhen Li
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.,Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Daniel Yoo
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hiroshi Koiwaya
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Amy Scarborough
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Traci T Goodchild
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.,Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA .,Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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24
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Murthy S, Koval OM, Ramiro Diaz JM, Kumar S, Nuno D, Scott JA, Allamargot C, Zhu LJ, Broadhurst K, Santhana V, Kutschke WJ, Irani K, Lamping KG, Grumbach IM. Endothelial CaMKII as a regulator of eNOS activity and NO-mediated vasoreactivity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186311. [PMID: 29059213 PMCID: PMC5653296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a serine/threonine kinase important in transducing intracellular Ca2+ signals. While in vitro data regarding the role of CaMKII in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are contradictory, its role in endothelial function in vivo remains unknown. Using two novel transgenic models to express CaMKII inhibitor peptides selectively in endothelium, we examined the effect of CaMKII on eNOS activation, NO production, vasomotor tone and blood pressure. Under baseline conditions, CaMKII activation was low in the aortic wall. Consistently, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and plasma NO levels were unaltered by endothelial CaMKII inhibition. Moreover, endothelial CaMKII inhibition had no significant effect on NO-dependent vasodilation. These results were confirmed in studies of aortic rings transduced with adenovirus expressing a CaMKII inhibitor peptide. In cultured endothelial cells, bradykinin treatment produced the anticipated rapid influx of Ca2+ and transient CaMKII and eNOS activation, whereas CaMKII inhibition blocked eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1179 and dephosphorylation at Thr-497. Ca2+/CaM binding to eNOS and resultant NO production in vitro were decreased under CaMKII inhibition. Our results demonstrate that CaMKII plays an important role in transient bradykinin-driven eNOS activation in vitro, but does not regulate NO production, vasorelaxation or blood pressure in vivo under baseline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Murthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Olha M. Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Ramiro Diaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel Nuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Scott
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Chantal Allamargot
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, Office of Vice President of Research and Economic Development, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kim Broadhurst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Velarchana Santhana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - William J. Kutschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kathryn G. Lamping
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Isabella M. Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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25
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Garcia-Morales V, Friedrich J, Jorna LM, Campos-Toimil M, Hammes HP, Schmidt M, Krenning G. The microRNA-7-mediated reduction in EPAC-1 contributes to vascular endothelial permeability and eNOS uncoupling in murine experimental retinopathy. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:581-591. [PMID: 28353063 PMCID: PMC5429352 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-0985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the consequences of oxidative stress and hypoxia on EPAC-1 expression during retinopathy. METHODS Oxygen-induced retinopathy was induced in mice and EPAC-1 expression investigated by immunofluorescence. In silico analyses were used to identify a link between EPAC-1 expression and microRNA-7-5p in endothelial cells and confirmed by western blot analyses on cells expressing microRNA-7-5p. In vitro, endothelial cells were either incubated at 2% oxygen or transfected with microRNA-7-5p, and the effects of these treatments on EPAC-1 expression, endothelial hyperpermeability and NO production were assessed. In the Ins2Akita mouse model, levels of EPAC-1 expression as well as microRNA-7-5p were assessed by qPCR. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase was assessed by immunoblotting in the Ins2Akita model. RESULTS Hypoxia induces the expression of microRNA-7-5p that translationally inhibits the expression of EPAC-1 in endothelial cells, resulting in hyperpermeability and the loss of eNOS activity. Activation of EPAC-1 by the cAMP analogue 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP reduced the sensitivity of EPAC-1 to oxidative stress and restored the endothelial permeability to baseline levels. Additionally, 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP rescued eNOS activity and NO production. In mouse models of retinopathy, i.e., oxygen-induced retinopathy and the spontaneous diabetic heterozygous Ins2Akita mice, EPAC-1 levels are decreased which is associated with an increase in microRNA-7-5p expression and reduced eNOS activity. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION In retinopathy, EPAC-1 expression is decreased in a microRNA-7-mediated manner, contributing to endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacological activation of remnant EPAC-1 rescues endothelial function. Collectively, these data indicate that EPAC-1 resembles an efficacious and druggable target molecule for the amelioration of (diabetic) retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Garcia-Morales
- Group of Research in Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CDPHARMA), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- International Research and Training Network on Diabetic Microvascular Complications (GRK1874/DIAMICOM), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- International Research and Training Network on Diabetic Microvascular Complications (GRK1874/DIAMICOM), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Friedrich
- International Research and Training Network on Diabetic Microvascular Complications (GRK1874/DIAMICOM), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- International Research and Training Network on Diabetic Microvascular Complications (GRK1874/DIAMICOM), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Section of Endocrinology, 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lysanne M Jorna
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Group of Research in Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CDPHARMA), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- International Research and Training Network on Diabetic Microvascular Complications (GRK1874/DIAMICOM), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- International Research and Training Network on Diabetic Microvascular Complications (GRK1874/DIAMICOM), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Section of Endocrinology, 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Schmidt
- International Research and Training Network on Diabetic Microvascular Complications (GRK1874/DIAMICOM), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- International Research and Training Network on Diabetic Microvascular Complications (GRK1874/DIAMICOM), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- International Research and Training Network on Diabetic Microvascular Complications (GRK1874/DIAMICOM), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- International Research and Training Network on Diabetic Microvascular Complications (GRK1874/DIAMICOM), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Seo J, Cho DH, Lee HJ, Sung MS, Lee JY, Won KJ, Park JH, Jo I. Citron Rho-interacting kinase mediates arsenite-induced decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by increasing phosphorylation at threonine 497: Mechanism underlying arsenite-induced vascular dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:133-44. [PMID: 26593676 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We reported that arsenite causes an acute decrease in nitric oxide (NO) production by increasing phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase at threonine 497 (eNOS-Thr(497)); however, the detailed mechanism has not yet been clarified. Here, we investigated the kinase involving in arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation. Although treatment with H-89, a known protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, inhibited arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation, no inhibition was found in cells treated with other PKA inhibitors, including Rp-8-Br-cAMPS or PKI. Based on previous reports, we also tested whether RhoA mediates arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation and found that arsenite causes an acute increase in RhoA activity. Ectopic expression of dominant negative (DN)-RhoA significantly reversed arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation. An in vitro phosphorylation assay also revealed that the well-known Rho effectors, Rho-associated protein kinase 1/2 (ROCK1/2), directly phosphorylate eNOS-Thr(497). Y27632, a selective ROCK inhibitor, reversed arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation. However, overexpression of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against ROCK1/2 or DN-ROCK did not reverse arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation, thereby providing no conclusive evidence of a role for ROCK1/2. Knockdown of PKC-related protein kinase 1/2, another Rho effector, also did not reverse arsenite-stimulated eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation. In contrast, we found that transfection with an siRNA against citron Rho-interacting kinase (CRIK), the other downstream effector of Rho, significantly reversed the arsenite-induced eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation that was accompanied by restoration of eNOS enzymatic activity repressed by arsenite. Moreover, CRIK directly phosphorylated eNOS-Thr(497)in vitro. Finally, we also found that arsenite increased eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation and decreased acetylcholine-induced vessel relaxation in rat aortas. In conclusion, we demonstrate that arsenite acutely inhibits eNOS enzymatic activity and vessel relaxation in part by increasing the RhoA/CRIK/eNOS-Thr(497) phosphorylation signaling axis, which provides a molecular mechanism underlying arsenite-induced impaired vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Seo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Du-Hyong Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-746, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Min-Sun Sung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Jee Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, South Korea.
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Konukoglu D, Uzun H. Endothelial Dysfunction and Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 956:511-540. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Hwang S, Lee HJ, Kim G, Won KJ, Park YS, Jo I. CCN1 acutely increases nitric oxide production via integrin αvβ3-Akt-S6K-phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at the serine 1177 signaling axis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:229-40. [PMID: 26393424 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although CCN1 (also known as cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer 61, CYR61) has been reported to promote angiogenesis and neovascularization in endothelial cells (ECs), its effects on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production have never been studied. Using human umbilical vein ECs, we investigated whether and how CCN1 regulates NO production. CCN1 acutely increased NO production in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) at serine 1177 (eNOS-Ser(1177)), but not that of eNOS-Thr(495) or eNOS-Ser(114). The level of total eNOS expression was unaltered. Treatment with either LY294002, a selective inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase known as an upstream kinase of Akt, or H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1, Rho-associated protein kinase 2, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), inhibited CCN1-stimulated eNOS-Ser(1177) phosphorylation and subsequent NO production. Ectopic expression of small interfering RNA against Akt and S6K significantly inhibited the effects of CCN1. Consistently, CCN1 increased the phosphorylation of Akt-Ser(473) and S6K-Thr(389). However, CCN1 did not alter the expression or secretion of VEGF, a known downstream factor of CCN1 and a potential upstream factor of Akt-mediated eNOS-Ser(1177) phosphorylation. Furthermore, neutralization of integrin αvβ3 with corresponding antibody completely reversed all of the observed effects of CCN1. Moreover, CCN1 increased acetylcholine-induced relaxation in the rat aortas. Finally, we also found that CCN1-stimulated eNOS-Ser(1177) phosphorylation and NO production are true for other types of EC tested. In conclusion, CCN1 acutely increases NO production via activation of a signaling axis in integrin αvβ3-Akt-S6K-eNOS-Ser(1177) phosphorylation, suggesting an important role for CCN1 in vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyungah Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jong Won
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Park JH, Cho DH, Lee JY, Lee HJ, Ha Y, Ahn JH, Jo I. B56δ subunit of protein phosphatase 2A decreases phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at serine 116: Mechanism underlying aphidicolin-stimulated NO production. Nitric Oxide 2015; 50:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:83-94. [PMID: 26499181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first discovered gaseous signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) affects a number of cellular processes, including those involving vascular cells. This brief review summarizes the contribution of NO to the regulation of vascular tone and its sources in the blood vessel wall. NO regulates the degree of contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells mainly by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), although cGMP-independent signaling [S-nitrosylation of target proteins, activation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) or production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP)] also can be involved. In the blood vessel wall, NO is produced mainly from l-arginine by the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) but it can also be released non-enzymatically from S-nitrosothiols or from nitrate/nitrite. Dysfunction in the production and/or the bioavailability of NO characterizes endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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31
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Lieblong BJ, Sridharan V, Srivastava AK, Moros EG, Sharma SK, Boerma M. Role of the bradykinin B2 receptor in a rat model of local heart irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:634-42. [PMID: 25955317 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1047041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a delayed effect of radiotherapy for cancers of the chest, such as breast, esophageal, and lung. Kinins are small peptides with cardioprotective properties. We previously used a rat model that lacks the precursor kininogen to demonstrate that kinins are involved in RIHD. Here, we examined the role of the kinin B2 receptor (B2R) in early radiation-induced signaling in the heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Brown Norway rats received the B2R-selective antagonist HOE-140 (icatibant) via osmotic minipump from 5 days before until 4 weeks after 21 Gy local heart irradiation. At 4 weeks, signaling events were measured in left ventricular homogenates and nuclear extracts using western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Numbers of CD68-positive (monocytes/macrophages), CD2-positive (T-lymphocytes), and mast cells were measured using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Radiation-induced c-Jun phosphorylation and nuclear translocation were enhanced by HOE-140. HOE-140 did not modify endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation or alter numbers of CD2-positive or mast cells, but enhanced CD68-positive cell counts in irradiated hearts. CONCLUSIONS B2R signaling may regulate monocyte/macrophage infiltration and c-Jun signals in the irradiated heart. Although eNOS is a main target for kinins, the B2R may not regulate eNOS phosphorylation in response to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Lieblong
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas , USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- b Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas , USA
| | - Anup K Srivastava
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas , USA
| | - Eduardo G Moros
- c Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Department of Radiation Oncology , Tampa, Florida , USA
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- b Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas , USA
| | - Marjan Boerma
- b Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas , USA
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PPARα Stimulation Modulates Myocardial Ischemia-induced Activation of Renin–Angiotensin System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 65:430-7. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Arredondo Zamarripa D, Díaz-Lezama N, Meléndez García R, Chávez Balderas J, Adán N, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Arnold E, Clapp C, Thebault S. Vasoinhibins regulate the inner and outer blood-retinal barrier and limit retinal oxidative stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:333. [PMID: 25368550 PMCID: PMC4202700 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoinhibins are prolactin fragments present in the retina, where they have been shown to prevent the hypervasopermeability associated with diabetes. Enhanced bradykinin (BK) production contributes to the increased transport through the blood-retina barrier (BRB) in diabetes. Here, we studied if vasoinhibins regulate BRB permeability by targeting the vascular endothelium and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) components of this barrier. Intravitreal injection of BK in male rats increased BRB permeability. Vasoinhibins prevented this effect, as did the B2 receptor antagonist Hoe-140. BK induced a transient decrease in mouse retinal and brain capillary endothelial monolayer resistance that was blocked by vasoinhibins. Both vasoinhibins and the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NAME, but not the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), blocked the transient decrease in bovine umbilical vein endothelial cell (BUVEC) monolayer resistance induced by BK; this block was reversed by the NO donor DETANONOate. Vasoinhibins also prevented the BK-induced actin cytoskeleton redistribution, as did L-NAME. BK transiently decreased human RPE (ARPE-19) cell monolayer resistance, and this effect was blocked by vasoinhibins, L-NAME, and NAC. DETANONOate reverted the blocking effect of vasoinhibins. Similar to BK, the radical initiator Luperox induced a reduction in ARPE-19 cell monolayer resistance, which was prevented by vasoinhibins. These effects on RPE resistance coincided with actin cytoskeleton redistribution. Intravitreal injection of vasoinhibins reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, particularly in the RPE and capillary-containing layers. Thus, vasoinhibins reduce BRB permeability by targeting both its main inner and outer components through NO- and ROS-dependent pathways, offering potential treatment strategies against diabetic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Arredondo Zamarripa
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Nundehui Díaz-Lezama
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Rodrigo Meléndez García
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Jesús Chávez Balderas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Norma Adán
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Maria G Ledesma-Colunga
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Edith Arnold
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
| | - Stéphanie Thebault
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México
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Moraes MS, Costa PE, Batista WL, Paschoalin T, Curcio MF, Borges RE, Taha MO, Fonseca FV, Stern A, Monteiro HP. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) activates the NO-epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signaling pathway in bradykinin-stimulated angiogenesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 558:14-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bhatia P, Gupta S, Sharma S. Homocysteine Excess and Vascular Endothelium Dysfunction: Delineating the Pathobiological Mechanisms. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.200.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Park JH, Jin YM, Hwang S, Cho DH, Kang DH, Jo I. Uric acid attenuates nitric oxide production by decreasing the interaction between endothelial nitric oxide synthase and calmodulin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: A mechanism for uric acid-induced cardiovascular disease development. Nitric Oxide 2013; 32:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Park JH, Lee S, Cho DH, Park YM, Kang DH, Jo I. Far-infrared radiation acutely increases nitric oxide production by increasing Ca(2+) mobilization and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at serine 1179. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:601-6. [PMID: 23756809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Repeated thermal therapy manifested by far-infrared (FIR) radiation improves vascular function in both patients and mouse model with coronary heart disease, but its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Using FIR as a thermal therapy agent, we investigate the molecular mechanism of its effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and NO production. FIR increased the phosphorylation of eNOS at serine 1179 (eNOS-Ser(1179)) in a time-dependent manner (up to 40min of FIR radiation) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) without alterations in eNOS expression. This increase was accompanied by increases in NO production and intracellular Ca(2+) levels. Treatment with KN-93, a selective inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and H-89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, inhibited FIR radiation-stimulated eNOS-Ser(1179) phosphorylation. FIR radiation itself also increased the temperature of culture medium. As transient receptors potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels are known to be temperature-sensitive calcium channels, we explore whether TRPV channels mediate these observed effects. Reverse transcription-PCR assay revealed two TRPV isoforms in BAEC, TRPV2 and TRPV4. Although ruthenium red, a pan-TRPV inhibitor, completely reversed the observed effect of FIR radiation, a partial attenuation (∼20%) was found in cells treated with Tranilast, TRPV2 inhibitor. However, ectopic expression of siRNA of TRPV2 showed no significant alteration in FIR radiation-stimulated eNOS-Ser(1179) phosphorylation. This study suggests that FIR radiation increases NO production via increasing CaMKII-mediated eNOS-Ser(1179) phosphorylation but TRPV channels may not be involved in this pathway. Our results may provide the molecular mechanism by which FIR radiation improves endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul 158-710, South Korea
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Abstract
Much has been written about hereditary angioedema (HAE) in recent literature; however, the prevalence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema (ACEiIA) far exceeds that of HAE. Similarly, multiple therapies have been developed for HAE, yet no definitive therapy is available for ACEiIA. In this article, we discuss the mechanism, prevalence, pathophysiology, and management of ACEiIA, with focus on newer therapies recently approved for HAE and how they may be effective for ACEiIA.
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Batista WL, Ogata FT, Curcio MF, Miguel RB, Arai RJ, Matsuo AL, Moraes MS, Stern A, Monteiro HP. S-nitrosoglutathione and endothelial nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide regulate compartmentalized ras S-nitrosylation and stimulate cell proliferation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:221-38. [PMID: 22894707 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS S-nitrosylation of Cys118 is a redox-based mechanism for Ras activation mediated by nitric oxide (NO) at the plasma membrane. RESULTS Ras signaling pathway stimulation by 50 and/or 100 μM of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) causes proliferation of HeLa cells. Proliferation was not observed in HeLa cells overexpressing non-nitrosatable H-Ras(C118S). HeLa cells overexpressing H-Ras(wt) containing the spatiotemporal probe green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the Ras-binding domain of Raf-1 (GFP-RBD) incubated with 100 μM GSNO stimulated a rapid and transient redistribution of GFP-RBD to the plasma membrane, followed by a delayed and sustained recruitment to the Golgi. No activation of H-Ras at the plasma membrane occurred in cells overexpressing H-Ras(C118S), contrasting with a robust and sustained activation of the GTPase at the Golgi. Inhibition of Src kinase prevented cell proliferation and activation of H-Ras by GSNO at the Golgi. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with bradykinin to generate NO were used to differentiate cell proliferation and Ras activation at the plasma membrane versus Golgi. In this model, Src kinase was not involved in cell proliferation, whereas Ras activation proceeded only at the plasma membrane, indicating that HUVEC proliferation induced by NO resulted only from stimulation of Ras. INNOVATION The present work is the first to demonstrate that NO-mediated activation of Ras in different subcellular compartments regulates different downstream signaling pathways. CONCLUSION S-nitrosylation of H-Ras at Cys(118) and the activation of Src kinase are spatiotemporally linked events of the S-nitrosothiol-mediated signaling pathway that occurs at the plasma membrane and at the Golgi. The nonparticipation of Src kinase and the localized production of NO by endothelial NO synthase at the plasma membrane limited NO-mediated Ras activation to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner L Batista
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Campus Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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B56α subunit of protein phosphatase 2A mediates retinoic acid-induced decreases in phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at serine 1179 and nitric oxide production in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 430:476-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bir SC, Xiong Y, Kevil CG, Luo J. Emerging role of PKA/eNOS pathway in therapeutic angiogenesis for ischaemic tissue diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:7-18. [PMID: 22492672 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although an abundant amount of research has been devoted to the study of angiogenesis, its precise mechanisms are incompletely understood. Numerous clinical trials focused on therapeutic angiogenesis for the treatment of tissue ischaemia have not been as successful as those of preclinical studies. Thus, additional studies are needed to better understand critical molecular mechanisms regulating ischaemic neovascularization to identify novel therapeutic agents. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in ischaemic neovascularization through the generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and the activation of several other signalling responses. Accumulated evidence suggests that endothelial protein kinase A/endothelial NO synthase (PKA/eNOS) signalling may play an important role in ischaemic disorders by promoting neovascularization. This review highlights recent advances in the role of the PKA/eNOS and NO-cGMP-kinase cascade pathway in ischaemic neovascularization. We also discuss molecular relationships of PKA/eNOS with other angiogenic pathways and explore the possibility of activation of the NO/nitrite endocrine system as potential therapeutic targets for ischaemic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal C Bir
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, LA, USA
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Park JH, Kim WS, Kim JY, Park MH, Nam JH, Yun CW, Kwon YG, Jo I. Chk1 and Hsp90 cooperatively regulate phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at serine 1179. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:2217-26. [PMID: 22001744 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of DNA damage on NO production have not been completely elucidated. Using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation as a DNA-damaging agent, we studied its effect on NO production in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). UV irradiation acutely increased NO production, the phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) at serine 1179, and eNOS activity. No alterations in eNOS expression nor phosphorylation at eNOS Thr(497) or eNOS Ser(116) were found. SB218078, a checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitor, inhibited UV-irradiation-stimulated eNOS-Ser(1179) phosphorylation and NO production. Similarly, ectopic expression of small interference RNA for Chk1 or a dominant-negative Chk1 repressed the UV-irradiation stimulatory effect, whereas wild-type Chk1 increased basal eNOS-Ser(1179) phosphorylation. Purified Chk1 directly phosphorylated eNOS Ser(1179) in vitro. Confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed a colocalization of eNOS and Chk1. In basal BAEC, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) predominantly interacted with Chk1. This interaction, which decreased significantly in response to UV irradiation, was accompanied by increased interaction of Hsp90 with eNOS. The Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin attenuated UV-irradiation-stimulated eNOS-Ser(1179) phosphorylation by dissociating Hsp90 from eNOS. UV irradiation and geldanamycin did not alter the interaction between eNOS and Chk1. Overall, this is the first study demonstrating that Chk1 directly phosphorylates eNOS Ser(1179) in response to UV irradiation, which is dependent on Hsp90 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul 158-710, Korea
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Park JH, Park M, Byun CJ, Jo I. c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 phosphorylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase at serine 116 and regulates nitric oxide production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:340-5. [PMID: 22155232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) belonging to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily play important roles in foam-cell formation, hypercholesterolemia-mediated endothelial dysfunction, and the development of obesity. Although decreased nitric oxide (NO) production via decreased phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase at serine 1179 (eNOS-Ser(1179)) was reported to be partly involved in JNK2-derived endothelial dysfunction, JNK2 seems likely to be indirectly involved in this signaling pathway. Here, using bovine aortic endothelial cells, we examined whether JNK2 directly phosphorylated eNOS-Ser(116), a putative substrate site for the MAPK superfamily, and this phosphorylation resulted in decreased NO release. JNK inhibitor SP60012 increased NO release in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was accompanied by increased eNOS-Ser(116) phosphorylation. Purified JNK2 directly phosphorylated eNOS-Ser(116)in vitro. Ectopic expression of dominant negative JNK2 repressed eNOS-Ser(116) phosphorylation and increased NO production. Coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy studies revealed a colocalization of eNOS and JNK2. However, all these observed effects were not manifested when JNK1 probes were used. Overall, this study indicates that JNK2 is a physiological kinase responsible for eNOS-Ser(116) phosphorylation and regulates NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea
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Thebault S, González C, García C, Zamarripa DA, Nava G, Vaca L, López-Casillas F, de la Escalera GM, Clapp C. Vasoinhibins Prevent Bradykinin-Stimulated Endothelial Cell Proliferation by Inactivating eNOS via Reduction of both Intracellular Ca2+ Levels and eNOS Phosphorylation at Ser1179. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011. [PMCID: PMC4058677 DOI: 10.3390/ph4071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Thebault
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.G.); (C.G.); (D.A.Z.); (G.N.); (G.M.E.); (C.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +52-442-238-1029; Fax: +52-442-238-1005
| | - Carmen González
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.G.); (C.G.); (D.A.Z.); (G.N.); (G.M.E.); (C.C.)
| | - Celina García
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.G.); (C.G.); (D.A.Z.); (G.N.); (G.M.E.); (C.C.)
| | - David Arredondo Zamarripa
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.G.); (C.G.); (D.A.Z.); (G.N.); (G.M.E.); (C.C.)
| | - Gabriel Nava
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.G.); (C.G.); (D.A.Z.); (G.N.); (G.M.E.); (C.C.)
| | - Luis Vaca
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico; E-Mails: (L.V.); (F.L.-C.)
| | - Fernando López-Casillas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico; E-Mails: (L.V.); (F.L.-C.)
| | - Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.G.); (C.G.); (D.A.Z.); (G.N.); (G.M.E.); (C.C.)
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico; E-Mails: (C.G.); (C.G.); (D.A.Z.); (G.N.); (G.M.E.); (C.C.)
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Paul DM, Vilas SP, Kumar JM. A flow-cytometry assisted segregation of responding and non-responding population of endothelial cells for enhanced detection of intracellular nitric oxide production. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:31-40. [PMID: 21550415 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important paracrine substance released by the endothelium to regulate vasomotor tone. The constitutive levels of endothelium dependent NO production is low. However, it is induced significantly in response to certain environmental and biological stimuli. An accurate evaluation of such stimulus induced NO release is of pharmacological significance. We observed that the sensitivity of NO detection in endothelial cells is compromised by baseline fluorescence emanated from non-activated cells resulting in ambiguous detection. In order to measure NO levels in activated population independent of non-activated cells, we segregated DAF-FM loaded cells based on their fluorescence intensity using flow-cytometry. Specific agonists like bradykinin, VEGF and insulin enhanced the proportion of activated cells. This effect was partially blocked in presence of NO synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME). We demonstrate that the fluorescence yield of activated population serves as a sensitive measure to evaluate agonist induced nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. Such increase in NO production in activated cells was also associated with increased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177. While the endothelial cells showed heterogeneity with respect to NO production, immuno-phenotyping for endothelial cell-surface markers revealed a homogenous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dias M Paul
- Hindustan Unilever Research Centre, # 64 Main Road, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 066, India.
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46
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Sandoo A, van Zanten JJCSV, Metsios GS, Carroll D, Kitas GD. The endothelium and its role in regulating vascular tone. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2010; 4:302-12. [PMID: 21339899 PMCID: PMC3040999 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401004010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium forms an important part of the vasculature and is involved in promoting an atheroprotective environment via the complementary actions of endothelial cell-derived vasoactive factors. Disruption of vascular homeostasis can lead to the development of endothelial dysfunction which in turn contributes to the early and late stages of atherosclerosis. In recent years an increasing number of non-invasive vascular tests have been developed to assess vascular structure and function in different clinical populations. The present review aims to provide an insight into the anatomy of the vasculature as well as the underlying endothelial cell physiology. In addition, an in-depth overview of the current methods used to assess vascular function and structure is provided as well as their link to certain clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Sandoo
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
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47
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Li XD, Yang YJ, Geng YJ, Jin C, Hu FH, Zhao JL, Zhang HT, Cheng YT, Qian HY, Wang LL, Zhang BJ, Wu YL. Tongxinluo reduces myocardial no-reflow and ischemia-reperfusion injury by stimulating the phosphorylation of eNOS via the PKA pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1255-61. [PMID: 20693395 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00459.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate whether pretreatment with single low loading dose of tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medicine, 1 h before myocardial ischemia could attenuate no-reflow and ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) via the PKA pathway. In a 90-min ischemia and 3-h reperfusion model, minipigs were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham, control, TXL (0.05 g/kg, gavaged 1 h before ischemia), TXL + H-89 (a PKA inhibitor, intravenously infused at a dose of 1.0 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1) 30 min before ischemia), and TXL + N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; an eNOS inhibitor, intravenously administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg 30 min before ischemia). TXL decreased creatine kinase (CK) activity (P < 0.05) and reduced the no-reflow area from 48.6% to 9.5% and infarct size from 78.5% to 59.2% (P < 0.05), whereas these effects of TXL were partially abolished by H-89 and completely reversed by L-NNA. TXL elevated PKA activity and the expression of PKA, Thr(198) phosphorylated PKA, Ser(1179) phosphorylated eNOS, and Ser(635) phosphorylated eNOS in the ischemic myocardium. H-89 repressed the TXL-induced enhancement of PKA activity and phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser(635), and L-NNA counteracted the phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser(1179) and Ser(635) without an apparent influence on PKA activity. In conclusion, pretreatment with a single low loading dose of TXL 1 h before ischemia reduces myocardial no-reflow and ischemia-reperfusion injury by upregulating the phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser(1179) and Ser(635), and this effect is partially mediated by the PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cho DH, Seo J, Park JH, Jo C, Choi YJ, Soh JW, Jo I. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Phosphorylates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase at Serine 116. Hypertension 2010; 55:345-52. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.140210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells (EC) is regulated by multisite phosphorylation of specific serine and threonine residues in endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Among these, eNOS-Ser116 is phosphorylated in the basal state, and its phosphorylation contributes to basal NO production. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which eNOS-Ser116 is phosphorylated during the basal state using bovine aortic EC. Although a previous study suggested that protein kinase C was involved in eNOS-Ser116 phosphorylation, overexpression of various protein kinase C isoforms did not affect eNOS-Ser116 phosphorylation. An in silico analysis using a motif scan revealed that the eNOS-Ser116 residue might be a substrate for proline-directed protein kinases. Roscovitine, a specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), 1, 2, and 5, but not an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase or glycogen synthase kinase 3β, inhibited eNOS-Ser116 phosphorylation dose dependently. Furthermore, purified CDK1, 2, or 5 directly phosphorylated eNOS-Ser116 in vitro. Ectopic expression of the dominant-negative CDK5 but not dominant-negative CDK1 or dominant-negative CDK2 repressed eNOS-Ser116 phosphorylation and increased NO production. In addition, CDK5 activity was detected in bovine aortic EC, and coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy studies revealed a colocalization of eNOS and CDK5. Cotransfection of CDK5 and p25, the specific CDK5 activator, increased eNOS-Ser116 phosphorylation and decreased NO production, but its parent molecule, p35, and p39, another activator, were not detected in bovine aortic EC, which suggests the existence of a novel CDK5 activator. Overall, this is the first study to find that CDK5 is a physiological kinase responsible for eNOS-Ser116 phosphorylation and regulation of NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Hyong Cho
- From the School of Medicine (D.-H.C.), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute (J.S., I.J.), Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology (J.-H.P.), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Biomedical Sciences (C.J.), National Institute of Health, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry (Y.J.C.), Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of
| | - Jungwon Seo
- From the School of Medicine (D.-H.C.), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute (J.S., I.J.), Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology (J.-H.P.), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Biomedical Sciences (C.J.), National Institute of Health, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry (Y.J.C.), Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- From the School of Medicine (D.-H.C.), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute (J.S., I.J.), Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology (J.-H.P.), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Biomedical Sciences (C.J.), National Institute of Health, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry (Y.J.C.), Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of
| | - Chulman Jo
- From the School of Medicine (D.-H.C.), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute (J.S., I.J.), Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology (J.-H.P.), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Biomedical Sciences (C.J.), National Institute of Health, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry (Y.J.C.), Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of
| | - Yoon Jung Choi
- From the School of Medicine (D.-H.C.), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute (J.S., I.J.), Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology (J.-H.P.), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Biomedical Sciences (C.J.), National Institute of Health, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry (Y.J.C.), Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of
| | - Jae-Won Soh
- From the School of Medicine (D.-H.C.), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute (J.S., I.J.), Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology (J.-H.P.), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Biomedical Sciences (C.J.), National Institute of Health, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry (Y.J.C.), Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of
| | - Inho Jo
- From the School of Medicine (D.-H.C.), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute (J.S., I.J.), Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology (J.-H.P.), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Center for Biomedical Sciences (C.J.), National Institute of Health, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry (Y.J.C.), Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of
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Reduced cyclic stretch, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress: an ex vivo model. Cardiovasc Pathol 2009; 19:e91-8. [PMID: 19733484 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate whether reduction of cyclic circumferential stretch will impair endothelial function and elevate basal levels of oxidative stress, both known risk factors linked to cardiovascular disease. METHODS Ex vivo and in vitro models were used to perfuse porcine carotid arteries and porcine endothelial cells, respectively, for 24 h. In both cases, one group was allowed to stretch naturally when exposed to a pulse shear stress (6+/-3 dynes/cm(2)) combined with a pulse pressure of 80+/-10 mmHg, yielding a physiological cyclic stretch of 4-5%. This group was compared to a reduced stretch group, achieved by wrapping the arterial segment with a silicon band or by seeding the endothelial cells inside less compliant tubes, decreasing cyclic stretch to 1%. RESULTS The experimentally reduced compliance caused a significant decrease in bradykinin-dependent vascular relaxation. Reduced compliance significantly decreased the phosphorylation of serine 1177 (Ser1177) on eNOS, suggesting the activity of eNOS was decreased. Overall production of reactive oxygen species was increased by reducing compliance, as visualized with DHE. Finally, p22-phox and p47-phox, key players in the superoxide-generating NAD(P)H oxidase, were also up-regulated by reduced compliance. CONCLUSIONS These findings point out how reduced arterial compliance increases the risk of arterial disease by creating a less functional endothelium, interrupting the eNOS activation pathway, and increasing the vascular levels of oxidative stress.
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Tang M, Cui M, Dong Q, Ren HM, Xiao BG, Luo BY, Shao Y, Liu L, Zhou HG. The bradykinin B2 receptor mediates hypoxia/reoxygenation induced neuronal cell apoptosis through the ERK1/2 pathway. Neurosci Lett 2009; 450:40-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2008] [Revised: 10/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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