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Oda T, Tamura N, Ide R, Kawai K, Narumi M, Matsumoto M, Kohmura-Kobayashi Y, Furuta-Isomura N, Yaguchi C, Uchida T, Suzuki K, Kanayama N, Itoh H. Postpartum acute myometritis suppresses expression of contraction-associated proteins in the gravid uterus. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 165:104299. [PMID: 39002426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Uterine atony is a major contributor to postpartum hemorrhage. We previously proposed the novel histological concept of postpartum acute myometritis (PAM) to elucidate the pathophysiology of uterine atony. This concept involves the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as mast cell and complement activation in the myometrium. However, the pathological mechanism underlying uterine atony in the context of PAM remains unclear. Herein, we focused on uterine contraction-associated proteins (CAPs) including connexin 43 (Cx43), oxytocin receptors (OXR), prostaglandin receptors EP1, EP3, FP, and protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1. This follow-up study aimed to compare CAP expression between PAM and control groups. We selected 38 PAM subjects from the cases enrolled in our amniotic fluid embolism registry between 2011 and 2018. Control tissues from 10 parturients were collected during cesarean section. We stained the myometrial tissues with the following CAP markers, inflammatory cell markers, and other markers: Cx43, OXR, EP1, EP3, FP, PAR-1, C5a receptor, tryptase, neutrophil elastase, CD68, β-actin, and Na+/K+-ATPase. The immunostaining-positive areas of Cx43, OXR, EP1, EP3, and FP standardized by β-actin in the PAM tissue were significantly smaller than in the control group, whereas those of PAR-1 and Na+/K+-ATPase increased significantly in the PAM group. The Cx43- and OXR-positive areas correlated negatively with the immunostaining-positive cell numbers of CD68 and tryptase with halo, respectively. PAM may impair individual and synchronized myocyte contraction, leading to uterine atony refractory to uterotonics. Further cell-based studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which inflammatory cells suppress CAP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Oda
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Naoaki Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Rui Ide
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Megumi Narumi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masako Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kohmura-Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naomi Furuta-Isomura
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Chizuko Yaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Uchida
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazunao Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kanayama
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Xia Q, Lan J, Pan Y, Wang Y, Song T, Yang Y, Tian X, Chen L, Gu Z, Ding YY. Effects of Dityrosine on Lactic Acid Metabolism in Mice Gastrocnemius Muscle During Endurance Exercise via the Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondria Damage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5269-5282. [PMID: 38439706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Dityrosine (Dityr) has been detected in commercial food as a product of protein oxidation and has been shown to pose a threat to human health. This study aims to investigate whether Dityr causes a decrease in lactic acid metabolism in the gastrocnemius muscle during endurance exercise. C57BL/6 mice were administered Dityr or saline by gavage for 13 weeks and underwent an endurance exercise test on a treadmill. Dityr caused a severe reduction in motion displacement and endurance time, along with a significant increase in lactic acid accumulation in the blood and gastrocnemius muscle in mice after exercise. Dityr induced significant mitochondrial defects in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice. Additionally, Dityr induced serious oxidative stress in the gastrocnemius muscle, accompanied by inflammation, which might be one of the causes of mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, significant apoptosis in the gastrocnemius muscle increased after exposure to Dityr. This study confirmed that Dityr induced oxidative stress in the gastrocnemius muscle, which further caused significant mitochondrial damage in the gastrocnemius muscle cell, resulting in decreased capacity of lactic acid metabolism and finally affected performance in endurance exercise. This may be one of the possible mechanisms by which highly oxidized foods cause a decreased muscle energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudong Xia
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jinchi Lan
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Engineering and Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Engineering and Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Engineering and Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Tianyuan Song
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Engineering and Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xu Tian
- Beijing Competitor Sports Nutrition Research Institute, Beijing 100027, China
| | - Longjun Chen
- Huzhou Shengtao Biotechnology LLC, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Zhenyu Gu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Engineering and Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yin-Yi Ding
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Engineering and Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Muangkram Y, Himeno Y, Amano A. Clarifying the composition of the ATP consumption factors required for maintaining ion homeostasis in mouse rod photoreceptors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14161. [PMID: 37644037 PMCID: PMC10465610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no effective treatment has been established for photoreceptor loss due to energy imbalances, but numerous therapeutic approaches have reported some success in slowing photoreceptor degeneration by downregulating energy demand. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the composition of ATP consumption factors in photoreceptors in darkness and in light. We introduced mathematical formulas for ionic current activities combined with a phototransduction model to form a new mathematical model for estimating the energy expenditure of each ionic current. The proposed model included various ionic currents identified in mouse rods using a gene expression database incorporating an available electrophysiological recording of each specific gene. ATP was mainly consumed by Na+/K+-ATPase and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase pumps to remove excess Na+ and Ca2+. The rod consumed 7 [Formula: see text] 107 molecules of ATP s-1, where 65% was used to remove ions from the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel and 20% from the hyperpolarization-activated current in darkness. Increased light intensity raised the energy requirements of the complex phototransduction cascade mechanisms. Nevertheless, the overall energy consumption was less than that in darkness due to the significant reduction in ATPase activities, where the hyperpolarization-activated current proportion increased to 83%. A better understanding of energy demand/supply may provide an effective tool for investigating retinal pathophysiological changes and analyzing novel therapeutic treatments related to the energy consumption of photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuttamol Muangkram
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Himeno
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Amano
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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Zhao C, Teng X, Yue W, Suo A, Zhou W, Ding D. The effect of acute toxicity from tributyltin on Liza haematocheila liver: Energy metabolic disturbance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106506. [PMID: 36989927 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a highly toxic and persistent organic pollutant, is widely distributed in coastal waters. Liza haematocheila (L. haematocheila) is one of bony fish distributing coincident with TBT, and exposure risk of TBT to this fish is unknown. In this study, L. haematocheila was exposed to TBT of 0, 3.4, 6.8, and 17.2 μg/L for 48 h to explore hepatic response mechanism. Our results showed that Sn content in livers increased after 48 h of exposure. HSI and histological changes indicated that TBT suppressed liver development of L. haematocheila. TBT reduced ATPase activities. The increased RB in blood and the reduced TBC were measured after exposure to TBT. T-AOC and antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPx activities were inhibited while MDA content was increased. Liver cells showed apoptosis characteristics after TBT exposure. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of livers was performed and the results showed energy metabolism-related GO term (such as ATPase complex and ATPase dependent transmembrance transport complex), oxidative stress-related GO term (such as Celllular response to oxidative stress and Antioxidant activity), and apoptosis-related GO term (such as Regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptosic signaling pathway). Moreover, we found six energy metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including three up-regulated DEGs (atnb233, cftr, and prkag2) and three down-regulated DEGs (acss1, abcd2, and smarcb1); five oxidative stress-related DEGs including one up-regulated DEG (mmp9) and four down-regulated DEG (prdx5, hsp90, hsp98, and gstf9); as well as six apoptosis-related DEGs including five up-regulated DEGs (casp8, cyc, apaf1, hccs, and dapk3) and one down-regulated DEG (bcl2l1). Our transcriptome data above further confirmed that acute stress of TBT led energy metabolic disturbance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in L. haematocheila livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Weizhong Yue
- Marine Environmental Engineering Center, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Anning Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Weiguo Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Dewen Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Aria H, Rezaei M. Immunogenic cell death inducer peptides: A new approach for cancer therapy, current status and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114503. [PMID: 36921539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) is a type of cell death that kills tumor cells by stimulating the adaptive immune response against other tumor cells. ICD depends on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the secretion of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP) by the dying tumor cell. DAMPs recruit innate immune cells such as Dendritic Cells (DC), triggering a cancer-specific immune response such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eliminate remaining cancer cells. ICD is accompanied by several hallmarks in dying cells, such as surface translocation of ER chaperones, calreticulin (CALR), and extracellular secretion of DAMPs such as high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Therapeutic peptides can kill bacteria and tumor cells thus affecting the immune system. They have high specificity and affinity for their targets, small size, appropriate cell membrane penetration, short half-life, and simple production processes. Peptides are interesting agents for immunomodulation since they may overcome the limitations of other therapeutics. Thus, the development of peptides affecting the TME and active antitumoral immunity has been actively pursued. On the other hand, several peptides have been recently identified to trigger ICD and anti-cancer responses. In the present review, we review previous studies on peptide-induced ICD, their mechanism, their targets, and markers. They include anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), cationic or mitochondrial targeting, checkpoint inhibitors, antiapoptotic inhibitors, and "don't eat me" inhibitor peptides. Also, peptides will be investigated potentially inducing ICD that is divided into ER stressors, ATPase inhibitors, and anti-microbial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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6
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Yoshioka S, Ikeda T, Fukuchi S, Kawai Y, Ohta K, Murakami H, Ogo N, Muraoka D, Takikawa O, Asai A. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Dual Inhibitor of
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221138456. [PMCID: PMC9716449 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221138456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenine (Kyn), a metabolite of tryptophan (Trp), is a key regulator of mammal
immune responses such as cancer immune tolerance. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase
(IDO) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are main enzymes regulating the first
and rate-limiting step of the Kyn pathway. To identify new small molecule
inhibitors of TDO, we selected A172 glioblastoma cell line constitutively
expressed TDO. Characterization of this cell line using kinase inhibitor library
resulted in identification of MEK/ERK pathway-dependent TDO expression. After
knowing the properties for TDO expression, we further proceeded to screen
chemical library for TDO inhibitors. We previously determined that
S-benzylisothiourea derivatives are enzymatic inhibitors of indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and suggested that the isothiourea moiety could be an
important pharmacophore for binding to heme. Based on this premise, we screened
an in-house library composed of various isothiourea derivatives and identified a
bisisothiourea derivative, PVZB3001, as an inhibitor of TDO. Interestingly,
PVZB3001 also inhibited the enzymatic activity of IDO1 in both cell-based and
cell-free assays but did not inhibit other heme enzymes. Molecular docking
studies suggested the importance of isothiourea moieties at the ortho position
of the phenyl ring for the inhibition of catalytic activity. PVZB3001 showed
competitive inhibition against TDO, and this was supported by the docking
simulation. PVZB3001 recovered natural killer (NK) cell viability and functions
by inhibiting Kyn accumulation in conditioned medium of both IDO1- and
TDO-expressing cells. Furthermore, oral administration of IDO1-overexpressing
tumor-bearing mice with PVZB3001 significantly inhibited tumor growth. Thus, we
identified a novel selective dual inhibitor of IDO1 and TDO using the Kyn
production assay with a glioblastoma cell line. This inhibitor could be a useful
pharmacological tool for modulating the Kyn pathway in a variety of experimental
systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Yoshioka
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ikeda
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sogo Fukuchi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yurika Kawai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ohta
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Murakami
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Muraoka
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki
University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Osamu Takikawa
- National Institute for Longevity
Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan,Akira Asai, Graduate School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka
422-8526, Japan.
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Temiz Ö. In vivo neurotoxic effects of emamectin benzoate in male mice: evaluation with enzymatic and biomolecular multi-biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8921-8932. [PMID: 34498180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of the toxic effects of emamectin benzoate (EMB) was conducted in male mice. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups; control group, EMB25 group (1/30 LD50 = 25 mg/kg/day), EMB50 group (1/15 LD50 = 50 mg/kg/day), and EMB100 group (1/7.5 LD50 = 100 mg/kg/day). Control group received water (placebo), and EMB groups were administered by oral gavage for 14 days. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels, and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPases) enzymes, which are ion transport enzymes (Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca+2 ATPase, Mg+2 ATPase), acetylcholinesterase (AChE, neurotoxicity biomarker), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activities (inflammatory biomarker), were measured by spectrophotometric methods. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level (8-OHdG, DNA oxidation biomarker) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA) technique. The results showed a decrease in SOD, CAT and GPx enzyme activities in the brain tissue and an increase in GST enzyme activity in the EMB groups compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the enzyme activities of the ion transport enzymes Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca+2 ATPase, and Mg+2 ATPase, and AChE enzyme activity showed significant inhibition. In addition, MPO enzyme activity, 8-OHdG, PC, and TBARS levels were increased. The results showed that dose-dependent EMB exposure induced different physiological processes with enzymatic and biomolecular multi-biomarkers in the brain tissue of male mice and caused neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Temiz
- Vocational School of Health Services, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000, Osmaniye, Turkey.
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Nakamura K, Shiozaki A, Kosuga T, Shimizu H, Kudou M, Ohashi T, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Otsuji E. The expression of the alpha1 subunit of Na +/K +-ATPase is related to tumor development and clinical outcomes in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1278-1292. [PMID: 34251542 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Na+/K+-ATPase alpha1 subunit (ATP1A1) is a critical component of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), a membrane pump that maintains a low intracellular Na+/K+ ratio and retains cellular volume and osmolarity. ATP1A1 was recently implicated in tumor behavior. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of ATP1A1 in patients with gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Knockdown experiments were conducted on human GC cell lines using ATP1A1 siRNA, and its effects on proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and cellular movement were examined. Gene expression profiling was performed by a microarray analysis. Primary tumor samples from 192 GC patients who underwent gastrectomy were subjected to an immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS High ATP1A1 expression levels were observed in NUGC4 and MKN74 cells. Cell proliferation was suppressed and apoptosis was induced by the siRNA-induced knockdown of ATP1A1. The microarray analysis showed that knockdown of ATP1A1 leads to the up-regulated expression of genes involved in the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, such as STAT1, STAT2, IRF1, and IRF9. Furthermore, the depletion of ATP1A1 altered the phosphorylation of the MAPK pathway. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of ATP1A1 was associated with the histological type, venous invasion, and the pathological T stage. Furthermore, the prognostic analysis showed a relationship between high ATP1A1 expression levels and poor postoperative survival. CONCLUSIONS ATP1A1 appears to regulate tumor progression by altering IFN signaling, and high ATP1A1 expression levels were associated with poor postoperative survival in GC patients. The present results provide novel insights into the function of ATP1A1 as a mediator and/or biomarker of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nakamura
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takuma Ohashi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, 604-8845, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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9
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Du J, Jiang L, Chen F, Hu H, Zhou M. Cardiac Glycoside Ouabain Exerts Anticancer Activity via Downregulation of STAT3. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684316. [PMID: 34277430 PMCID: PMC8279743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides are plant-derived steroid-like compounds which have been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Ouabain, a cardiotonic steroid and specific Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, has been rediscovered for its potential use in the treatment of cancer. However, the cellular targets and anticancer mechanism of ouabain in various cancers remain largely unexplored. In this study, we confirmed the cytotoxic effects of ouabain on several cancer cell lines. Further examination revealed the increase of apoptosis, intracellular ROS generation and DNA double-strand breaks induced by ouabain treatment. Besides, ouabain effectively suppressed STAT3 expression as well as phosphorylation in addition to block STAT3-mediated transcription and downstream target proteins. Interestingly, these inhibitory activities seemed to be independent of the Na+/K+-ATPase. Furthermore, we found that ouabain inhibited protein synthesis through regulation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and eIF4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1). Taken together, our study provided a novel molecular insight of anticancer activities of ouabain in human cancer cells, which could raise the hope of using cardiac glycosides for cancer therapeutics more rational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huantao Hu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Structural Insights into the Interactions of Digoxin and Na +/K +-ATPase and Other Targets for the Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123672. [PMID: 34208576 PMCID: PMC8234910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside long used to treat congestive heart failure and found recently to show antitumor potential. The hydroxy groups connected at the C-12, C-14, and C-3′a positions; the C-17 unsaturated lactone unit; the conformation of the steroid core; and the C-3 saccharide moiety have been demonstrated as being important for digoxin’s cytotoxicity and interactions with Na+/K+-ATPase. The docking profiles for digoxin and several derivatives and Na+/K+-ATPase were investigated; an additional small Asn130 side pocket was revealed, which could be useful in the design of novel digoxin-like antitumor agents. In addition, the docking scores for digoxin and its derivatives were found to correlate with their cytotoxicity, indicating a potential use of these values in the prediction of the cancer cell cytotoxicity of other cardiac glycosides. Moreover, in these docking studies, digoxin was found to bind to FIH-1 and NF-κB but not HDAC, IAP, and PI3K, suggesting that this cardiac glycoside directly targets FIH-1, Na+/K+-ATPase, and NF-κB to mediate its antitumor potential. Differentially, digoxigenin, the aglycon of digoxin, binds to HDAC and PI3K, but not FIH-1, IAP, Na+/K+-ATPase, and NF-κB, indicating that this compound may target tumor autophagy and metabolism to mediate its antitumor propensity.
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11
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Li L, Bi Z, Hu Y, Sun L, Song Y, Chen S, Mo F, Yang J, Wei Y, Wei X. Silver nanoparticles and silver ions cause inflammatory response through induction of cell necrosis and the release of mitochondria in vivo and in vitro. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:177-191. [PMID: 32367270 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the excellent antibacterial and antiviral activity, silver nanoparticles have a widespread use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. With the increase in the production and use of the related products, the potential hazard of silver nanoparticles has aroused public attention. The main purpose of this study is to explore the toxicity of silver nanoparticles and induction of lung inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Here, we validated that small amounts of silver ions dissolved from silver nanoparticles caused the depolarization of plasma membrane, resulting in an overload of intracellular sodium and calcium, and eventually led to the cell necrosis. The blockers of calcium or sodium channels inversed the toxicity of silver ions. Then, we instilled silver nanoparticles or silver nitrate (50 μg per mouse) into the lungs of mice, and this induced pulmonary injury and mitochondrial content release, led to the recruitment of neutrophils to the lung tissue via p38 MAPK pathway. Altogether, these data show that released silver ions from nanoparticles induced cell necrosis through Na+ and Ca2+ influx and triggered pulmonary inflammation through elevating mitochondrial-related contents released from these necrotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfei Bi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Hu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Sun
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Mo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhang J, Li X, Yu H, Larre I, Dube PR, Kennedy DJ, Tang WHW, Westfall K, Pierre SV, Xie Z, Chen Y. Regulation of Na/K-ATPase expression by cholesterol: isoform specificity and the molecular mechanism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C1107-C1119. [PMID: 32997514 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00083.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that the reduction in plasma membrane cholesterol could decrease cellular Na/K-ATPase α1-expression through a Src-dependent pathway. However, it is unclear whether cholesterol could regulate other Na/K-ATPase α-isoforms and the molecular mechanisms of this regulation are not fully understood. Here we used cells expressing different Na/K-ATPase α isoforms and found that membrane cholesterol reduction by U18666A decreased expression of the α1-isoform but not the α2- or α3-isoform. Imaging analyses showed the cellular redistribution of α1 and α3 but not α2. Moreover, U18666A led to redistribution of α1 to late endosomes/lysosomes, while the proteasome inhibitor blocked α1-reduction by U18666A. These results suggest that the regulation of the Na/K-ATPase α-subunit by cholesterol is isoform specific and α1 is unique in this regulation through the endocytosis-proteasome pathway. Mechanistically, loss-of-Src binding mutation of A425P in α1 lost its capacity for regulation by cholesterol. Meanwhile, gain-of-Src binding mutations in α2 partially restored the regulation. Furthermore, through studies in caveolin-1 knockdown cells, as well as subcellular distribution studies in cell lines with different α-isoforms, we found that Na/K-ATPase, Src, and caveolin-1 worked together for the cholesterol regulation. Taken together, these new findings reveal that the putative Src-binding domain and the intact Na/K-ATPase/Src/caveolin-1 complex are indispensable for the isoform-specific regulation of Na/K-ATPase by cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Zhang
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia.,Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Isabel Larre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Prabhatchandra R Dube
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kristen Westfall
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sandrine V Pierre
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Zijian Xie
- Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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13
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Cheng D, Wang G, Wang X, Tang J, Yu Q, Zhang X, Wang S. Neuro-protection of Chlorogenic acid against Al-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via modulation of Al metabolism and Akt/GSK-3β pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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14
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Antunes GL, Silveira JS, Kaiber DB, Luft C, Dos Santos TM, Marques EP, Ferreira FS, Schmitz F, de Souza Wyse AT, Stein RT, Pitrez PM, da Cunha AA. Neostigmine treatment induces neuroprotection against oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of asthmatic mice. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:765-774. [PMID: 32189127 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During chronic inflammatory disease, such asthma, leukocytes can invade the central nervous system (CNS) and together with CNS-resident cells, generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as disbalance in the antioxidant system, causing oxidative stress, which contributes a large part to neuroinflammation. In this sense, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of treatment with neostigmine, known for the ability to control lung inflammation, on oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex of asthmatic mice. Female BALB/cJ mice were submitted to asthma model induced by ovalbumin (OVA). Control group received only Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS). To evaluate neostigmine effects, mice received 80 μg/kg of neostigmine intraperitoneally 30 min after each OVA challenge. Our results revealed for the first time that treatment with neostigmine (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that no crosses the BBB) was able to revert ROS production and change anti-oxidant enzyme catalase in the cerebral cortex in asthmatic mice. These results support the communication between the peripheral immune system and the CNS and suggest that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as neostigmine, should be further studied as possible therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Luana Antunes
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medical, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medical, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela Benvenutti Kaiber
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medical, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Luft
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medical, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Peil Marques
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela Terezinha de Souza Wyse
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renato Tetelbom Stein
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medical, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Márcio Pitrez
- Infant Center, Institutional Research Coordinator, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Andrea da Cunha
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, School of Medical, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Murali M, Carvalho MS, Shivanandappa T. Oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity of Endosulfan is causally linked to the inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase and Na+, K+-ATPase in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 468:59-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Ibrahim AY, Youness ER, Mahmoud MG, Asker MS, El-Newary SA. Acidic Exopolysaccharide Produced from Marine Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3MS 2017 for the Protection and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2020; 14:1178223420902075. [PMID: 32047357 PMCID: PMC6984436 DOI: 10.1177/1178223420902075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was planned to investigate the anti-breast-cancer property of acidic exopolysaccharide produced from marine Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3MS 2017 (BAEPS) in an animal model, which previously showed in-vitro anti-breast-cancer activity, by studying its potential participation in various targeted mechanisms. METHODS Mammary carcinoma in female Sprague-Dawley rats, both in prophylactic and in curative designs, was chemically induced using 7,12-dimethylebenz-(a)-anthracene (DMBA). B. amyloliquefaciens 3MS 2017 anti-breast-cancer property was evaluated by studying its effects on cancer-growth-rate-limiting enzymes (aromatase and Na+/K+ ATPase), sexual hormones (estrogen and progesterone), antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers (cyclooxygenase-1; COX-1 and cyclooxygenase-2; COX-2). The incidence of breast cancer by DMBA was dependent on the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and aromatase. RESULTS 7,12-Dimethylebenz-(a)-anthracene female rats were characterized by a significant increase in cancer-related biomarkers with an increase of oxidative stress biomarkers, in comparison with the negative control. Potent BAEPS anticancer activity on DMBA rats was exhibited either as a prophylactic or as a curative agent, which appeared via restoring the aromatase and Na+/K+ ATPase subunits levels and CEA close to the normal level. Besides, BAEPS modulated a sexual hormone, in comparison with the cancer control group (P ⩽ .05). B. amyloliquefaciens 3MS 2017 selectively inhibited COX-2 in parallel with promising antioxidant properties. The curative characters of BAEPS were more promising than the prophylactic. CONCLUSION The anti-breast-cancer characters accompanied with a good safety margin may be attributed to its inhibitory effect on cancer-growth-rate-limiting enzymes, estrogen production, COX-2 level and lipid peroxidation, concurrent with enhancing COX-1 level, progesterone production, and antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Y Ibrahim
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal G Mahmoud
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohsen S Asker
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah A El-Newary
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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17
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Yang Z, Lian Z, Liu G, Deng M, Sun B, Guo Y, Liu D, Li Y. Identification of genetic markers associated with milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cattle based on post genome-wide association studies. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 32:67-76. [PMID: 31424326 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1653901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of dairy industry, the breeding process of dairy cows has been accelerated. In previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a large number of genetic markers have been reported which may contribute to the selection of Holstein populations with superior milk-producing traits, but they remain to be further verified before practical application. In this study, 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected, which were reported to be significantly associated with five milk production traits, including 305-day milk yield (305MY), 305-day milk fat percent (305FC), 305-day milk protein percent (305PC), 305-day milk fat yield (305FY) and 305-day milk protein yield (305PY). Effective 305-day data and fresh DNA samples were obtained from 295 healthy cows with gestational age of 1-4. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) was used to perform precise genotyping of these loci, followed by site association and haplotype analysis. Results showed that 36 out of 90 loci were supported to be used as genetic markers. In particular, several novel and effective haplotypes were also presented. Overall, our results verified tens of useful markers and provided a basis for further development of breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiquan Lian
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangbin Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Deng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoli Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqing Guo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaokun Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Luan X, Wang H, Xiang Z, Ma Z, Zhao J, Feng Y, Shi Q, Yin J. Biomimicking Dual-Responsive Extracellular Matrix Restoring Extracellular Balance through the Na/K-ATPase Pathway. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21258-21267. [PMID: 31117462 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical implant mimicking the physiological extracellular matrix (ECM) is a new strategy to modulate the cell microenvironment to improve implant integrity and longevity. However, the biomimicking ECM suffers from low sensitivity to pathological change and low efficiency to restore the physiological state in vivo. To overcome these problems, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and K+ dual-responsive micro-/nanofibers that encapsulate ascorbic acid-2-glucoside (AA-2G) are fabricated on an elastomer substrate with electrospinning to mimic the ECM. The strategy is based on the fact that ROS and K+ dual responsiveness enhance the sensitivity of the ECM to pathological changes and delivery of AA-2G from the ECM to cell membrane promotes reactivating Na/K-ATPase and shifting cellular diseased conditions to the normal state. We demonstrate that the ROS and K+-responsive tripolymer of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate, 1,2-ethanedithiol, and 4-nitrobenzo-18-crown-6-ether (PEGDA-EDT-BCAm) are synthesized successfully; the ECM composed of acylated poly(caprolactone)/PEGDA-EDT-BCAm/AA-2G micro-/nanofibers is prepared through reactive electrospinning; the ECM is sensitive to ROS and K+ concentration in the microenvironment to release AA-2G, which targets the membrane to remove the excessive ROS and reactivate Na/K-ATPase; as a result, the ECM reduces oxidative stress and restores the extracellular physiological state both in vitro and in vivo. This work provides basic principles to design an implant that can adjust the extracellular microenvironment while avoiding pathogenicity to improve implant integrity and longevity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkun Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization/Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (QUST) of Shandong Provincial , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Haozheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization/Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (QUST) of Shandong Provincial , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Zehong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
| | - Zhifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
| | - Jiruo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization/Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (QUST) of Shandong Provincial , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization/Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (QUST) of Shandong Provincial , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , China
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Marinobufagenin Inhibits Neutrophil Migration and Proinflammatory Cytokines. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:1094520. [PMID: 31236418 PMCID: PMC6545758 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1094520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids, such as ouabain and digoxin, are known to bind to Na+/K+-ATPase and to promote several biological activities, including anti-inflammatory activity. However, there are still no reports in the literature about inflammation and marinobufagenin, a cardiotonic steroid from the bufadienolide family endogenously found in mammals. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze, in vivo and in vitro, the role of marinobufagenin in acute inflammation. Swiss mice were treated with 0.56 mg/kg of marinobufagenin intraperitoneally (i.p.) and zymosan (2 mg/mL, i.p.) was used to induce peritoneal inflammation. Peritoneal fluid was collected and used for counting cells by optical microscopy and proinflammatory cytokine quantification (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) by immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Zymosan stimulation, as expected, induced increased cell migration and proinflammatory cytokine levels in the peritoneum. Marinobufagenin treatment reduced polymorphonuclear cell migration and IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the peritoneal cavity, without interfering in TNF-α levels. In addition, the effect of marinobufagenin was evaluated using peritoneal macrophages stimulated by zymosan (0.2 mg/mL) in vitro. Marinobufagenin treatment at different concentrations (10, 100, 1000, and 10000 nM) showed no cytotoxic effect on peritoneal macrophages. Interestingly, the lowest concentration, which did not inhibit Na+/K+-ATPase activity, attenuated proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. To investigate the putative mechanism of action of marinobufagenin, the expression of surface molecules (TLR2 and CD69) and P-p38 MAPK were also evaluated, but no significant effect was observed. Thus, our results suggest that marinobufagenin has an anti-inflammatory role in vivo and in vitro and reveals a novel possible endogenous function of this steroid in mammals.
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20
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Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Affects Behaviour and Monoamine Levels in Mice. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1533-1548. [PMID: 30941547 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) attract the attention of clinicians for its unique magnetic and paramagnetic properties, which are exclusively used in neurodiagnostics and therapeutics among the other biomedical applications. Despite numerous research findings has already proved neurotoxicity of Fe2O3-NPs, factors affecting neurobehaviour has not been elucidated. In this study, mice were exposed to Fe2O3-NPs (25 and 50 mg/kg body weight) by oral intubation daily for 30 days. It was observed that Fe2O3-NPs remarkably impair motor coordination and memory. In the treated brain regions, mitochondrial damage, depleted energy level and decreased ATPase (Mg2+, Ca2+ and Na+/K+) activities were observed. Disturbed ion homeostasis and axonal demyelination in the treated brain regions contributes to poor motor coordination. Increased intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and decreased expression of growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) impairs vesicular exocytosis could result in insufficient signal between neurons. In addition, levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EP) were found to be altered in the subjected brain regions in correspondence to the expression of monoamine oxidases (MAO). Along with all these factors, over expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) confirms the neuronal damage, suggesting the evidences for behavioural changes.
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Wang S, Zhang Q, Zheng S, Chen M, Zhao F, Xu S. Atrazine exposure triggers common carp neutrophil apoptosis via the CYP450s/ROS pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:551-557. [PMID: 30308298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the excessive pursuit of crop yields and the abuse of herbicides, water pollution caused by atrazine (ATR) has become one of the most severe environmental issues threatening the health of fish and aquatic animals. However, no detailed report has been conducted on the mechanisms of ATR immunotoxicity in fish neutrophils. To investigate these mechanism, we exposed peripheral blood neutrophils to 25 μg/ml atrazine for 1, 2, and 3 h. The results showed that ATR induced the mRNA expression of CYPs enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP1C and CYP3A138), which increased the ROS levels, and inhibited the SOD and CAT activities, GSH content and spurred the accumulation of MDA. Additionally, a significant decline in the OXPHOS, Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities of mitochondria was observed after ATR exposure. Concurrently, ATR activated Caspase3 and induced apoptosis by changing the expression of mitochondrial pathway factors (Bcl-2, BAX, Caspase9) and death receptor pathway major genes (TNF-α, TNFR, Fas, FasL, and Caspase8). The results reported here indicate that the oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage caused by ATR metabolism may play a crucial role in the apoptosis of carp neutrophils, and enrich the immunotoxicological mechanisms of ATR observed in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qiaojian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shufang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Menghao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Fuqing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Department of Veterinary and Husbandry, Liao ning Agricultural Technical College, Ying kou, Liao ning, 115009, China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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22
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da Fonseca CAR, Paltian J, Dos Reis AS, Bortolatto CF, Wilhelm EA, Luchese C. Na +/K +-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activities as new markers of postmortem interval in Swiss mice. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2018; 36:67-72. [PMID: 30415194 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Determining precisely the postmortem interval (PMI) is a key parameter for forensic researches, given that various physical, biochemical and metabolic changes begin to occur in the body after death. In the present study, the Na+/K+-ATPase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were evaluated. For this, male adult Swiss mice were killed by isoflurane inhalation anesthesia and divided into four groups according to time of death (0, 6, 24 and 48 h). The brain, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle tissues were removed. Our results revealed that at the time of 6 h, there was a decrease on Na+/K+-ATPase and GST activities in the brain and liver tissues, respectively. In addition, at this time point, an increase on renal GST activity was verified. At the time of 24 h, an increase on the cerebral AChE and renal GST activities was observed, while the cerebral Na+/K+-ATPase activity was decreased. Forty-eight hours after death, cerebral Na+/K+-ATPase and renal GST activities remained decreased and increased, respectively. In addition, no alteration was observed on the GST activity in the skeletal muscle and brain (in PMIs evaluated). The present study revealed that the brain and kidney (at the times of 24 and 48 h) were the tissues that suffered the most changes in almost all the enzymes evaluated. Our results demonstrated that enzyme activity assessments are reliable, easy-to-perform and low-cost determinations, and could be promising postmortem markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren A R da Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Curso de Bacharelado em Química Forense, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaini Paltian
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Curso de Bacharelado em Química Forense, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angélica S Dos Reis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiani F Bortolatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ethel A Wilhelm
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Curso de Bacharelado em Química Forense, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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23
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Anti-Breast Cancer Activity of Latroeggtoxin-V Mined from the Transcriptome of Spider Latrodectus tredecimguttatus Eggs. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10110451. [PMID: 30400202 PMCID: PMC6266733 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a black widow spider, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus has poisonous components not only in venomous glands but also in eggs. Our previous work had carried out a transcriptome analysis of the spider eggs in an attempt to probe into the molecular basis of the egg toxicity. A proteinaceous toxin, named Latroeggtoxin-V, was mined from the identified transcriptome. In this study, the gene of Latroeggtoxin-V was cloned and heterologously expressed, and the anticancer activity of the recombinant Latroeggtoxin-V (rLatroeggtoxin-V) was characterized. Activity assay found that rLatroeggtoxin-V could selectively act on breast cancer line MDA-MB-231 cells, not only arresting their cell cycle, inhibiting their proliferation and migration, but also inducing their apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that Latroeggtoxin-V belongs to the ATPase inhibitor protein family and the further activity assay showed that the rLatroeggtoxin-V inhibited the activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase in MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that the anticancer activity of Latroeggtoxin-V is based on its affecting the ion transport and receptor functions of Na+/K+-ATPase. The present work not only laid the foundation for the utilization of Latroeggtoxin-V in the anticancer drug development and the related fields, but also provided a new paradigm for exploration of the proteinaceous toxins under the direction of transcriptomics and bioinformatics.
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24
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Weigt D, Sammour DA, Ulrich T, Munteanu B, Hopf C. Automated analysis of lipid drug-response markers by combined fast and high-resolution whole cell MALDI mass spectrometry biotyping. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11260. [PMID: 30050068 PMCID: PMC6062520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry have enabled whole cell-MALDI mass spectrometry biotyping of drug-treated cultured cells for rapid monitoring of known abundant pharmacodynamic protein markers such as polyacetylated histones. In contrast, generic and automated analytical workflows for discovery of such pharmacodynamic markers, in particular lipid markers, and their use in cellular tests of drug-like compounds are still lacking. Here, we introduce such a workflow and demonstrate its utility for cellular drug-response monitoring of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors in K562 leukemia cells: First, low-molecular mass features indicating drug responses are computationally extracted from groups of MALDI-TOF mass spectra. Then, the lipids/metabolites corresponding to these features are identified by MALDI-Fourier transformation mass spectrometry. To demonstrate utility of the method, we identify the potassium adduct of phosphatidylcholine PC(36:1) as well as heme B, a marker for erythroid differentiation, as markers for a label-free MALDI MS-based test of cellular responses to BCR-ABL inhibitors. Taken together, these results suggest that MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry of lipids and other low molecular mass metabolites could support cell-based drug profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weigt
- Center for biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
- HBIGS International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 501, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denis A Sammour
- Center for biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timon Ulrich
- Center for biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bogdan Munteanu
- Center for biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for biomedical Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.
- HBIGS International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 501, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Effect of polygodial and its direct derivatives on the mammalian Na +/K +-ATPase activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 831:1-8. [PMID: 29715454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The sesquiterpene polygodial is an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Our group recently reported the synthesis and anticancer effects of polygodial and its derivatives, and showed that these compounds retain activity against apoptosis- and multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Herein, we tested the inhibitory effect of these compounds on the activity of the enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) from kidney (α1 isoform) and brain (α2 and α3 isoforms) guinea pig extracts. Polygodial (1) displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of both kidney and brain purified NKA preparations, with higher sensitivity for the cerebral isoforms. Polygo-11,12-diol (2) and C11,C12-pyridazine derivative (3) proved to be poor inhibitors. Unsaturated ester (4) and 9-epipolygodial (5) inhibited NKA preparations from brain and kidney, with the same inhibitory potency. Nevertheless, they did not achieve maximum inhibition even at higher concentration. Comparing the inhibitory potency in crude homogenates and purified preparations of NKA, compounds 4 and 5 revealed a degree of selectivity toward the renal enzyme. Kinetic studies showed a non-competitive inhibition for Na+ and K+ by compounds 1, 4 and 5 and for ATP by 1 and 4. However, compound 5 presented a competitive inhibition type. Furthermore, K+-activated p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity of these purified preparations was not inhibited by 1, 4 and 5, suggesting that these compounds acted in the initial phase of the enzyme's catalytic cycle. These findings suggest that the antitumor action of polygodial and its analogues may be linked to their NKA inhibitory properties and reinforce that NKA may be an important target for cancer therapy.
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26
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Erythrocyte Senescence in a Model of Rat Displaying Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:5028925. [PMID: 30003010 PMCID: PMC5996419 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5028925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased oxidative stress is a major cause of aging and age-related diseases. Erythrocytes serve as good model for aging studies. Dihydrotachysterol is known to induce premature aging feature in rats mimicking Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Aim In the present study, attempts have been made to explore the differential response of young and senescent erythrocytes separated by density gradient centrifugation from accelerated senescence model of rats mimicking Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and naturally aged rats. Methods The erythrocytes of naturally aged and progeroid rats were separated into distinct, young and old cells on the basis of their differential densities. The parameters of oxidative stress and membrane transport systems were studied. Discussion and Conclusion Our study provides evidence that organismal aging negatively affects oxidative stress markers and membrane transport systems in both young and old erythrocytes. This study further substantiates that the changes in progeria model of rats resemble natural aging in terms of erythrocyte senescence.
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27
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Hsu IL, Chou CY, Wu YY, Wu JE, Liang CH, Tsai YT, Ke JY, Chen YL, Hsu KF, Hong TM. Targeting FXYD2 by cardiac glycosides potently blocks tumor growth in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62925-62938. [PMID: 26910837 PMCID: PMC5325337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is an aggressive neoplasm with a high recurrence rate that frequently develops resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. There are few prognostic biomarkers or targeted therapies exist for patients with OCCC. Here, we identified that FXYD2, the modulating subunit of Na+/K+-ATPases, was highly and specifically expressed in clinical OCCC tissues. The expression levels of FXYD2 were significantly higher in advanced-stage of OCCC and positively correlated with patients' prognoses. Silencing of FXYD2 expression in OCCC cells inhibited Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activity and suppressed tumor growth via induction of autophagy-mediated cell death. We found that high FXYD2 expression in OCCC was transcriptionally regulated by the transcriptional factor HNF1B. Furthermore, up-regulation of FXYD2 expression significantly increased the sensitivity of OCCC cells to cardiac glycosides, the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors. Two cardiac glycosides, digoxin and digitoxin, had a great therapeutic efficacy in OCCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FXYD2 is functionally upregulated in OCCC and may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of cardiac glycosides in OCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ling Hsu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-En Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsien Liang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Yu Ke
- Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Fu Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ming Hong
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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28
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Parreira GM, Resende MDA, Garcia IJP, Sartori DB, Umeoka EHDL, Godoy LD, Garcia-Cairasco N, Barbosa LA, Santos HDL, Tilelli CQ. Oxidative stress and Na,K-ATPase activity differential regulation in brainstem and forebrain of Wistar Audiogenic rats may lead to increased seizure susceptibility. Brain Res 2018; 1679:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Xipell E, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Martinez de Irujo JJ, García-Garzón A, Lang FF, Jiang H, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Alonso MM. Salinomycin induced ROS results in abortive autophagy and leads to regulated necrosis in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30626-41. [PMID: 27121320 PMCID: PMC5058706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumor. Even with aggressive treatment, prognosis for patients is poor. One characteristic of glioblastoma cells is its intrinsic resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, drugs that induce alternative cell deaths could be interesting to evaluate as alternative therapeutic candidates for glioblastoma. Salinomycin (SLM) was identified through a chemical screening as a promising anticancer drug, but its mechanism of cell death remains unclear. In the present work we set out to elucidate how SLM causes cell death in glioblastoma cell lines (both established cell lines and brain tumor stem cell lines), aiming to find a potential antitumor candidate. In addition, we sought to determine the mechanism of action of SLM so that this mechanism can be can be exploited in the fight against cancer. Our data showed that SLM induces a potent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress followed by the trigger of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and an aberrant autophagic flux that culminated in necrosis due to mitochondria and lysosomal alterations. Of importance, the aberrant autophagic flux was orchestrated by the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Alleviation of ROS production restored the autophagic flux. Altogether our data suggest that in our system the oxidative stress blocks the autophagic flux through lipid oxidation. Importantly, oxidative stress could be instructing the type of cell death in SLM-treated cells, suggesting that cell death modality is a dynamic concept which depends on the cellular stresses and the cellular mechanism activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Xipell
- The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marisol Gonzalez-Huarriz
- The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Fred F Lang
- Brain Tumor Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Brain Tumor Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan Fueyo
- Brain Tumor Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Marta M Alonso
- The Health Research Institute of Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Program in Solid Tumors and Biomarkers, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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30
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Paz MFCJ, Gomes AL, Islam MT, Tabrez S, Jabir NR, Alam MZ, Machado KC, de Alencar MVOB, Machado KC, Ali ES, Mishra SK, Gomes LF, Sobral ALP, e Sousa JMC, de Souza GF, Melo‐Cavalcante AAC, da Silva J. Assessment of chemotherapy on various biochemical markers in breast cancer patients. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2923-2928. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad T. Islam
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical SciencesFederal University of PiauíTeresinaBrazil
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Nasimudeen R. Jabir
- King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Z. Alam
- King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Kátia C. Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical SciencesFederal University of PiauíTeresinaBrazil
| | | | - Keylla C. Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical SciencesFederal University of PiauíTeresinaBrazil
| | - Eunus S. Ali
- School of MedicineFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Siddhartha K. Mishra
- Cancer Biology LaboratorySchool of Biological Sciences (Zoology)Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, SagarMadhya PradeshIndia
| | - Leonardo F. Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical SciencesFederal University of PiauíTeresinaBrazil
| | | | - João M. C. e Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical SciencesFederal University of PiauíTeresinaBrazil
| | - Geane F. de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical SciencesFederal University of PiauíTeresinaBrazil
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31
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Zanatta Â, Cecatto C, Ribeiro RT, Amaral AU, Wyse AT, Leipnitz G, Wajner M. S-Adenosylmethionine Promotes Oxidative Stress and Decreases Na +, K +-ATPase Activity in Cerebral Cortex Supernatants of Adolescent Rats: Implications for the Pathogenesis of S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase Deficiency. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5868-5878. [PMID: 29101646 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) concentrations are highly elevated in tissues and biological fluids of patients affected by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency, who are clinically characterized by cerebral symptoms whose pathogenesis is still unknown. In the present work, we investigated the effects of AdoMet on redox homeostasis and on the activity of Na+, K+-ATPase in the cerebral cortex of young rats. AdoMet caused lipid peroxidation (increase of malondialdehyde concentrations) and protein oxidation (increase of carbonyl formation and decrease of sulfhydryl content). AdoMet also reduced the antioxidant defenses (reduced glutathione, GSH) and Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Furthermore, AdoMet-induced lipid peroxidation was fully prevented by the antioxidants trolox, melatonin, and resveratrol, and the decrease of GSH concentrations was abolished by trolox, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in these effects. In this context, AdoMet induced reactive oxygen (increase of 2',7'-dichloroflurescein-DCFH oxidation) but not nitrogen (nitrate and nitrite levels) species generation. Finally, the decrease of Na+, K+-ATPase activity provoked by AdoMet was totally prevented by trolox, implying a possible oxidation of cysteine groups of the enzyme that are critical for its function and highly susceptible to oxidative attack. It is also noted that adenosine and methionine did not alter the parameters evaluated, suggesting selective effects of AdoMet. Our data strongly indicate that disturbance of redox homeostasis caused by a major metabolite (AdoMet) accumulating in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency may represent a deleterious mechanism of brain damage in this disease. Finally, reduction of Na+, K+-ATPase activity provoked by AdoMet may lead to impaired neurotransmission, but disturbance of this system should be better clarified in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Zanatta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cecatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Ts Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Li L, Feng R, Xu Q, Zhang F, Liu T, Cao J, Fei S. Expression of the β3 subunit of Na +/K +-ATPase is increased in gastric cancer and regulates gastric cancer cell progression and prognosis via the PI3/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84285-84299. [PMID: 29137423 PMCID: PMC5663595 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP1B3 encodes the β3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase and is located in the q22-23 region of chromosome 3. Na+/K+-ATPase participates in normal cellular activities but also plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. In the present study, we found that expression of the β3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase was increased in human gastric cancer tissues compared with that in normal matched tissues and that this increased expression predicted a poor outcome. ATP1B3 expression was elevated at both the mRNA and protein levels in gastric cancer cell lines relative to those in a normal gastric epithelial cell line. Interestingly, ATP1B3 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony-formation ability, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cell lines. Additionally, knockdown induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ATP1B3 silencing decreased the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), indicating that ATP1B3 regulates gastric cancer cell progression via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Hence, the β3 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase plays an essential role in the tumourigenesis of gastric cancer and may be a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Ru Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Feiyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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Sanches EF, Durán-Carabali LE, Tosta A, Nicola F, Schmitz F, Rodrigues A, Siebert C, Wyse A, Netto C. Pregnancy swimming causes short- and long-term neuroprotection against hypoxia-ischemia in very immature rats. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:544-553. [PMID: 28426648 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundHypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of neurological damage in preterm newborn. Swimming during pregnancy alters the offspring's brain development. We tested the effects of swimming during pregnancy in the very immature rat brain.MethodsFemale Wistar rats (n=12) were assigned to the sedentary (SE, n=6) or the swimming (SW, n=6) group. From gestational day 0 (GD0) to GD21 the rats in the SW group were made to swim for 20 min/day. HI on postnatal day (PND) 3 rats caused sensorimotor and cognitive impairments. Animals were distributed into SE sham (SESH), sedentary HIP3 (SEHI), swimming sham (SWSH), and swimming HIP3 (SWHI) groups. At PND4 and PND5, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assessed. During lactation and adulthood, neurological reflexes, sensorimotor, anxiety-related, and cognitive evaluations were made, followed by histological assessment at PND60.ResultsAt early stages, swimming caused an increase in hippocampal BDNF levels and in the maintenance of Na+/K+-ATPase function in the SWHI group. The SWHI group showed smaller lesions and the preservation of white matter tracts. SEHI animals showed a delay in reflex maturation, which was reverted in the SWHI group. HIP3 induced spatial memory deficits and hypomyelination in SEHI rats, which was reverted in the SWHI group.ConclusionSwimming during pregnancy neuroprotected the brains against HI in very immature neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Farias Sanches
- Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luz Elena Durán-Carabali
- Post-Graduation Program of Phisiology, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andrea Tosta
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Nicola
- Post-Graduation Program of Neurosciences, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues
- Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Siebert
- Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela Wyse
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Netto
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Li W, Xie SH, Tse LA, Lagergren J. Digitalis use and lung cancer risk by histological type in men. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1981-1986. [PMID: 28748555 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer risk and tumor characteristics differ between sexes. Estrogen has been suggested to counteract lung cancer development. We aimed to test the hypothesis that digitalis use decreases lung cancer risk due to its estrogenic and other anticancer properties in men. This was a nationwide Swedish population-based cohort study between July 1, 2005 and December 31, 2013. Data on the use of digitalis and organic nitrates in all male individuals were derived from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry. New lung cancer diagnoses among cohort participants were identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of lung cancer in digitalis users (exposed participants) compared to users of organic nitrates without digitalis medication (unexposed participants). The study cohort contained 74,437 digitalis users and 297,301 organic nitrates users. Long-term use (≥2 years) of digitalis was associated with decreased HRs of total lung cancer (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39-0.79) and squamous cell carcinoma (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.19-0.87). This large and population-based study suggests decreased risks of lung cancer overall and squamous cell carcinoma associated with long-term use of digitalis in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xie
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lap-Ah Tse
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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35
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Landfried B, Samardzija M, Barben M, Schori C, Klee K, Storti F, Grimm C. Digoxin-induced retinal degeneration depends on rhodopsin. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2670. [PMID: 28300845 PMCID: PMC5386584 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Na,K-ATPases are energy consuming ion pumps that are required for maintaining ion homeostasis in most cells. In the retina, Na,K-ATPases are especially important to sustain the dark current in photoreceptor cells needed for rapid hyperpolarization of rods and cones in light. Cardiac glycosides like digoxin inhibit the activity of Na,K-ATPases by targeting their catalytic alpha subunits. This leads to a disturbed ion balance, which can affect cellular function and survival. Here we show that the treatment of wild-type mice with digoxin leads to severe retinal degeneration and loss of vision. Digoxin induced cell death specifically in photoreceptor cells with no or only minor effects in other retinal cell types. Photoreceptor-specific cytotoxicity depended on the presence of bleachable rhodopsin. Photoreceptors of Rpe65 knockouts, which have no measurable rhodopsin and photoreceptors of Rpe65R91W mice that have <10% of the rhodopsin found in retinas of wild-type mice were not sensitive to digoxin treatment. Similarly, cones in the all-cone retina of Nrl knockout mice were also not affected. Digoxin induced expression of several genes involved in stress signaling and inflammation. It also activated proteins such as ERK1/2, AKT, STAT1, STAT3 and CASP1 during a period of up to 10 days after treatment. Activation of signaling genes and proteins, as well as the dependency on bleachable rhodopsin resembles mechanisms of light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Digoxin-mediated photoreceptor cell death may thus be used as an inducible model system to study molecular mechanisms of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Landfried
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marijana Samardzija
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maya Barben
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schori
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Klee
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Storti
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Grimm
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Hajmousa G, Vogelaar P, Brouwer LA, van der Graaf AC, Henning RH, Krenning G. The 6-chromanol derivate SUL-109 enables prolonged hypothermic storage of adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Biomaterials 2016; 119:43-52. [PMID: 28006657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Encouraging advances in cell therapy research with adipose derived stem cells (ASC) require an effective short-term preservation method that provides time for quality control and transport of cells from their manufacturing facility to their clinical destination. Hypothermic storage of cells in their specific growth media offers an alternative and simple preservation method to liquid nitrogen cryopreservation or commercial preservation fluids for short-term storage and transport. However, accumulation of cell damage during hypothermia may result in cell injury and death upon rewarming through the production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, the ability of the cell culture medium additive SUL-109, a modified 6-chromanol, to protect ASC from hypothermia and rewarming damage is examined. SUL-109 conveys protective effects against cold-induced damage in ASC as is observed by preservation of cell viability, adhesion properties and growth potential. SUL-109 does not reduce the multilineage differentiation capacity of ASC. SUL-109 conveys its protection against hypothermic damage by the preservation of the mitochondrial membrane potential through the activation of mitochondrial membrane complexes I and IV, and increases maximal oxygen consumption in FCCP uncoupled mitochondria. Consequently, SUL-109 alleviates mitochondrial ROS production and preserves ATP production. In summary, here we describe the generation of a single molecule cell preservation agent that protects ASC from hypothermic damage associated with short-term cell preservation that does not affect the differentiation capacity of ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Hajmousa
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vogelaar
- Sulfateq B.V., Admiraal de Ruyterlaan 5, 9726GN, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linda A Brouwer
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert H Henning
- Dept. Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EB71), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands; Sulfateq B.V., Admiraal de Ruyterlaan 5, 9726GN, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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37
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Onnainty R, Schenfeld EM, Petiti JP, Longhi MR, Torres A, Quevedo MA, Granero GE. Permeability Profiles and Intestinal Toxicity Assessment of Hydrochlorothiazide and Its Inclusion Complex with β-Cyclodextrin Loaded into Chitosan Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3736-3746. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Onnainty
- Departamento de
Farmacia, UNITEFA, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - E. M. Schenfeld
- Departamento de
Farmacia, UNITEFA, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - J. P. Petiti
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, UNC, INICSA, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - M. R. Longhi
- Departamento de
Farmacia, UNITEFA, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - A. Torres
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, UNC, INICSA, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - M. A. Quevedo
- Departamento de
Farmacia, UNITEFA, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - G. E. Granero
- Departamento de
Farmacia, UNITEFA, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, X5000HUA, Argentina
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Holm TH, Isaksen TJ, Glerup S, Heuck A, Bøttger P, Füchtbauer EM, Nedergaard S, Nyengaard JR, Andreasen M, Nissen P, Lykke-Hartmann K. Cognitive deficits caused by a disease-mutation in the α3 Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase isoform. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31972. [PMID: 27549929 PMCID: PMC4994072 DOI: 10.1038/srep31972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/K+-ATPases maintain Na+ and K+ electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane, a prerequisite for electrical excitability and secondary transport in neurons. Autosomal dominant mutations in the human ATP1A3 gene encoding the neuron-specific Na+/K+-ATPase α3 isoform cause different neurological diseases, including rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP) and alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) with overlapping symptoms, including hemiplegia, dystonia, ataxia, hyperactivity, epileptic seizures, and cognitive deficits. Position D801 in the α3 isoform is a mutational hotspot, with the D801N, D801E and D801V mutations causing AHC and the D801Y mutation causing RDP or mild AHC. Despite intensive research, mechanisms underlying these disorders remain largely unknown. To study the genotype-to-phenotype relationship, a heterozygous knock-in mouse harboring the D801Y mutation (α3+/D801Y) was generated. The α3+/D801Y mice displayed hyperactivity, increased sensitivity to chemically induced epileptic seizures and cognitive deficits. Interestingly, no change in the excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the α3+/D801Y mice was observed. The cognitive deficits were rescued by administration of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam, a GABA positive allosteric modulator. Our findings reveal the functional significance of the Na+/K+-ATPase α3 isoform in the control of spatial learning and memory and suggest a link to GABA transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hellesøe Holm
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Toke Jost Isaksen
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon Glerup
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Heuck
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Bøttger
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Steen Nedergaard
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Center for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mogens Andreasen
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Nissen
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Danish Research Institute for Translational Neuroscience-DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Proteasome Inhibition Contributed to the Cytotoxicity of Arenobufagin after Its Binding with Na, K-ATPase in Human Cervical Carcinoma HeLa Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159034. [PMID: 27428326 PMCID: PMC4948917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the possibility of developing cardiac steroids/cardiac glycosides as novel cancer therapeutic agents has been recognized, the mechanism of their anticancer activity is still not clear enough. Toad venom extract containing bufadienolides, which belong to cardiac steroids, has actually long been used as traditional Chinese medicine in clinic for cancer therapy in China. The cytotoxicity of arenobufagin, a bufadienolide isolated from toad venom, on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells was checked. And, the protein expression profile of control HeLa cells and HeLa cells treated with arenobufagin for 48 h was analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis, respectively. Differently expressed proteins in HeLa cells treated with arenobufagin were identified and the pathways related to these proteins were mapped from KEGG database. Computational molecular docking was performed to verify the binding of arenobufagin and Na, K-ATPase. The effects of arenobufagin on Na, K-ATPase activity and proteasome activity of HeLa cells were checked. The protein-protein interaction network between Na, K-ATPase and proteasome was constructed and the expression of possible intermediate proteins ataxin-1 and translationally-controlled tumor protein in HeLa cells treated with arenobufagin was then checked. Arenobufagin induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells. The cytotoxic effect of arenobufagin was associated with 25 differently expressed proteins including proteasome-related proteins, calcium ion binding-related proteins, oxidative stress-related proteins, metabolism-related enzymes and others. The results of computational molecular docking revealed that arenobufagin was bound in the cavity formed by the transmembrane alpha subunits of Na, K-ATPase, which blocked the pathway of extracellular Na+/K+ cation exchange and inhibited the function of ion exchange. Arenobufagin inhibited the activity of Na, K-ATPase and proteasome, decreased the expression of Na, K-ATPase α1 and α3 subunits and increased the expression of WEE1 in HeLa cells. Antibodies against Na, K-ATPase α1 and α3 subunits alone or combinated with arenobufagin also inhibited the activity of proteasome. Furthermore, the expression of the possible intermediate proteins ataxin-1 and translationally-controlled tumor protein was increased in HeLa cells treated with arenobufagin by flow cytometry analysis, respectively. These results indicated that arenobufagin might directly bind with Na, K-ATPase α1 and α3 subunits and the inhibitive effect of arenobufagin on proteasomal activity of HeLa cells might be related to its binding with Na, K-ATPase.
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Holm TH, Lykke-Hartmann K. Insights into the Pathology of the α3 Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase Ion Pump in Neurological Disorders; Lessons from Animal Models. Front Physiol 2016; 7:209. [PMID: 27378932 PMCID: PMC4906016 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase is located at the plasma membrane of all mammalian cells. The Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase utilizes energy from ATP hydrolysis to extrude three Na(+) cations and import two K(+) cations into the cell. The minimum constellation for an active Na(+)-/K(+) ATPase is one alpha (α) and one beta (β) subunit. Mammals express four α isoforms (α1-4), encoded by the ATP1A1-4 genes, respectively. The α1 isoform is ubiquitously expressed in the adult central nervous system (CNS) whereas α2 primarily is expressed in astrocytes and α3 in neurons. Na(+) and K(+) are the principal ions involved in action potential propagation during neuronal depolarization. The α1 and α3 Na(+)-/K(+) ATPases are therefore prime candidates for restoring neuronal membrane potential after depolarization and for maintaining neuronal excitability. The α3 isoform has approximately four-fold lower Na(+) affinity compared to α1 and is specifically required for rapid restoration of large transient increases in [Na(+)]i. Conditions associated with α3 deficiency are therefore likely aggravated by suprathreshold neuronal activity. The α3 isoform been suggested to support re-uptake of neurotransmitters. These processes are required for normal brain activity, and in fact autosomal dominant de novo mutations in ATP1A3 encoding the α3 isoform has been found to cause the three neurological diseases Rapid Onset Dystonia Parkinsonism (RDP), Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood (AHC), and Cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS). All three diseases cause acute onset of neurological symptoms, but the predominant neurological manifestations differ with particularly early onset of hemiplegic/dystonic episodes and mental decline in AHC, ataxic encephalopathy and impairment of vision and hearing in CAPOS syndrome and late onset of dystonia/parkinsonism in RDP. Several mouse models have been generated to study the in vivo consequences of Atp1a3 modulation. The different mice show varying degrees of hyperactivity, gait problems, and learning disability as well as stress-induced seizures. With the advent of several Atp1a3-gene or chemically modified animal models that closely phenocopy many aspects of the human disorders, we will be able to reach a much better understanding of the etiology of RDP, AHC, and CAPOS syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Holm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
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Jodeiri Farshbaf M, Ghaedi K, Megraw TL, Curtiss J, Shirani Faradonbeh M, Vaziri P, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Does PGC1α/FNDC5/BDNF Elicit the Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Neurodegenerative Disorders? Neuromolecular Med 2015; 18:1-15. [PMID: 26611102 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases have high prevalence among the elderly. Many strategies have been established to alleviate the symptoms experienced by affected individuals. Recent studies have shown that exercise helps patients with neurological disorders to regain lost physical abilities. PGC1α/FNDC5/BDNF has emerged recently as a critical pathway for neuroprotection. PGC1α is a highly conserved co-activator of transcription factors that preserves and protects neurons against destruction. PGC1α regulates FNDC5 and its processed and secreted peptide Irisin, which has been proposed to play a critical role in energy expenditure and to promote neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. FNDC5 may also increase the expression of the neurotrophic factor BDNF, a neuroprotective agent, in the hippocampus. BDNF is secreted from hippocampus, amygdala, cerebral cortex and hypothalamus neurons and initiates intracellular signaling pathways through TrkB receptors. These pathways have positive feedback on CREB activities and lead to enhancement in PGC1α expression in neurons. Therefore, FNDC5 could behave as a key regulator in neuronal survival and development. This review presents recent findings on the PGC1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway and its role in neuroprotection, and discusses the controversial promise of irisin as a mediator of the positive benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jodeiri Farshbaf
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan Street, Salman Street, Khorasgan, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran.,Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezarjerib Street, Azadi Square, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran.,Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan Street, Salman Street, Khorasgan, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran. .,Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezarjerib Street, Azadi Square, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran.
| | - Timothy L Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4300, USA.
| | - Jennifer Curtiss
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Mahsa Shirani Faradonbeh
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezarjerib Street, Azadi Square, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran
| | - Pooneh Vaziri
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan Street, Salman Street, Khorasgan, Isfahan, 8165131378, Iran.
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Different effects of myotoxins bothropstoxin-I and II from Bothrops snake venom on cation transport ATPases from murine fast twitch skeletal muscle. Toxicon 2015; 103:80-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Delebinski CI, Georgi S, Kleinsimon S, Twardziok M, Kopp B, Melzig MF, Seifert G. Analysis of proliferation and apoptotic induction by 20 steroid glycosides in 143B osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:600-10. [PMID: 26300346 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents; it has poor prognosis, is highly metastatic and is resistant to current therapeutic approaches. In this study, different herbal extracts used in phytotherapy have been screened after searching innovative natural anti-cancer components. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty steroid glycosides were examined for accordance to their potential of inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in the osteosarcoma cell line 143B. Cell proliferation was examined using a CASY counter. Effects of cardiac glycosides on induction of apoptosis were evaluated by Annexin V-APC and flow cytometry, caspase activity assay and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential. RESULTS The study revealed that various steroid glycosides suppress cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Further investigations indicated apoptotic induction by 17 of the 20 tested cardenolides and bufadienolides. Bufadienolide proscillaridin A, arenobufagin, and cardenolides evomonoside, convallatoxol and ouabain waged strongest apoptotic induction, associated with breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspases -8 and -9. In contrast, the bufadienolide resibufogenin and cardenolide uzarin had no effect on proliferation inhibition, apoptotic induction or change in mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSION These results indicate that bufadienolides proscillaridin A and arenobufagin and cardenolide evomonoside, or related natural compounds might be promising new starting points for development of novel anti-cancer agents for treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Delebinski
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Otto-Heubner-Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - S Georgi
- FU Berlin, Institute for Pharmacy, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - S Kleinsimon
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Otto-Heubner-Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - M Twardziok
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Otto-Heubner-Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - B Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - M F Melzig
- FU Berlin, Institute for Pharmacy, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - G Seifert
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Otto-Heubner-Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine (OHC), Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
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Garcia DG, de Castro-Faria-Neto HC, da Silva CI, de Souza e Souza KFC, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR, de Amorim LMDF, Freire AS, Santelli RE, Diniz LP, Gomes FCA, Faria MVDC, Burth P. Na/K-ATPase as a target for anticancer drugs: studies with perillyl alcohol. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:105. [PMID: 25976744 PMCID: PMC4432499 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Na/K-ATPase (NKA) is inhibited by perillyl alcohol (POH), a monoterpene used in the treatment of tumors, including brain tumors. The NKA α1 subunit is known to be superexpressed in glioblastoma cells (GBM). This isoform is embedded in caveolar structures and is probably responsible for the signaling properties of NKA during apoptosis. In this work, we showed that POH acts in signaling cascades associated with NKA that control cell proliferation and/or cellular death. Methods NKA activity was measured by the amount of non-radioactive Rb+ incorporation into cultured GBM cell lines (U87 and U251) and non-tumor cells (mouse astrocytes and VERO cells). Cell viability was measured by lactate dehydrogenase levels in the supernatants of POH-treated cells. Activated c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38 were assessed by western blotting. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, and the release of interleukins was measured by ELISA. Results All four cell types tested showed a similar sensitivity for POH. Perillic acid (PA), the main metabolite of POH, did not show any effect on these cells. Though the cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner when cells were treated with POH, the maximum cytotoxic effect of PA obtained was 30% at 4 mM. 1.5 mM POH activated p38 in U87 cells and JNK in both U87 and U251 cells as well as mouse astrocytes. Dasatinib (an inhibitor of the Src kinase family) and methyl β-cyclodextrin (which promotes cholesterol depletion in cell membranes) reduced the POH-induced activation of JNK1/2 in U87 cells, indicating that the NKA-Src complex participates in this mechanism. Inhibition of JNK1/2 by the JNK inhibitor V reduced the apoptosis of GBM cells that resulted from POH administration, indicating the involvement of JNK1/2 in programmed cell death. 1.5 mM POH increased the production of interleukin IL-8 in the U251 cell supernatant, which may indicate a possible strategy by which cells avoid the cytotoxic effects of POH. Conclusions A signaling mechanism mediated by NKA may have an important role in the anti-tumor action of POH in GBM cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0374-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Gomes Garcia
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Camila Ignácio da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lidia Maria da Fonte de Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Aline Soares Freire
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Erthal Santelli
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luan Pereira Diniz
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Mauro Velho de Castro Faria
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Burth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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Neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of 4-aminopyridine mediated by KChIP1 regulation through adjustment of Kv 4.3 potassium channels expression and GABA-mediated transmission in primary hippocampal cells. Toxicology 2015; 333:107-117. [PMID: 25917026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a potassium channel blocker used for the treatment of neuromuscular disorders. Otherwise, it has been described to produce a large number of adverse effects among them cell death mediated mainly by blockage of K(+) channels. However, a protective effect against cell death has also been described. On the other hand, Kv channel interacting protein 1 (KChIP1) is a neuronal calcium sensor protein that is predominantly expressed at GABAergic synapses and it has been related with modulation of K(+) channels, GABAergic transmission and cell death. According to this KChIP1 could play a key role in the protective or toxic effects induced by 4-AP. We evaluated, in wild type and KChIP1 silenced primary hippocampal neurons, the effect of 4-AP (0.25μM to 2mM) with or without semicarbazide (0.3M) co-treatment after 24h and after 14 days 4-AP alone exposure on cell viability, the effect of 4-AP (0.25μM to 2mM) on KChIP1 and Kv 4.3 potassium channels gene expression and GABAergic transmission after 24h treatment or after 14 days exposure to 4-AP (0.25μM to1μM). 4-AP induced cell death after 24h (from 1mM) and after 14 days treatment. We observed that 4-AP modulates KChIP1 which regulate Kv 4.3 channels expression and GABAergic transmission. Our study suggests that KChIP1 is a key gene that has a protective effect up to certain concentration after short-term treatment with 4-AP against induced cell injury; but this protection is erased after long term exposure, due to KChIP1 down-regulation predisposing cell to 4-AP induced damages. These data might help to explain protective and toxic effects observed after overdose and long term exposure.
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Ayala-Torres C, Novoa-Aponte L, Soto CY. Pma1 is an alkali/alkaline earth metal cation ATPase that preferentially transports Na(+) and K(+) across the Mycobacterium smegmatis plasma membrane. Microbiol Res 2015; 176:1-6. [PMID: 26070686 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium smegmatis Pma1 is the orthologue of M. tuberculosis P-type ATPase cation transporter CtpF, which is activated under stress conditions, such as hypoxia, starvation and response to antituberculous and toxic substances. The function of Pma1 in the mycobacterial processes across the plasma membrane has not been characterised. In this work, bioinformatic analyses revealed that Pma1 likely contains potential sites for, Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) binding and transport. Accordingly, RT-qPCR experiments showed that M. smegmatis pma1 transcription is stimulated by sub-lethal doses of Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+); in addition, the ATPase activity of plasma membrane vesicles in recombinant Pma1-expressing M. smegmatis cells is stimulated by treatment with these cations. In contrast, M. smegmatis cells homologously expressing Pma1 displayed tolerance to high doses of Na(+) and K(+) but not to Ca(2+) ions. Consistently, the recombinant protein Km embedded in plasma membrane demonstrated that Ca(2+) has more affinity for Pma1 than Na(+) and K(+) ions; furthermore, the estimation of Vmax/Km suggests that Na(+) and K(+) ions are more efficiently translocated than Ca(2+). Thus, these results strongly suggest that Pma1 is a promiscuous alkali/alkaline earth cation ATPase that preferentially transports Na(+) and/or K(+) across the mycobacterial plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ayala-Torres
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 # 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lorena Novoa-Aponte
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 # 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Y Soto
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 # 45-03, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Involvement of JNK and caspase activation in hoiamide A-induced neurotoxicity in neocortical neurons. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:903-19. [PMID: 25675001 PMCID: PMC4344608 DOI: 10.3390/md13020903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of Moorea producens (formerly Lyngbya majuscula) blooms has been associated with adverse effects on human health. Hoiamide A is a structurally unique cyclic depsipeptide isolated from an assemblage of the marine cyanobacteria M. producens and Phormidiumgracile. We examined the influence of hoiamide A on neurite outgrowth in neocortical neurons and found that it suppressed neurite outgrowth with an IC50 value of 4.89 nM. Further study demonstrated that hoiamide A stimulated lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux, nuclear condensation and caspase-3 activity with EC50 values of 3.66, 2.55 and 4.33 nM, respectively. These data indicated that hoiamide A triggered a unique neuronal death profile that involves both necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms. The similar potencies and similar time-response relationships between LDH efflux and caspase-3 activation/nuclear condensation suggested that both necrosis and apoptosis may derive from interaction with a common molecular target. The broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK completely inhibited hoiamide A-induced neurotoxicity. Additionally, hoiamide A stimulated JNK phosphorylation, and a JNK inhibitor attenuated hoiamide A-induced neurotoxicity. Collectively, these data demonstrate that hoiamide A-induced neuronal death requires both JNK and caspase signaling pathways. The potent neurotoxicity and unique neuronal cell death profile of hoiamide A represents a novel neurotoxic chemotype from marine cyanobacteria.
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P2C-Type ATPases and Their Regulation. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1343-1354. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen D, Song M, Mohamad O, Yu SP. Inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase induces hybrid cell death and enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy in human glioblastoma cells. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:716. [PMID: 25255962 PMCID: PMC4190379 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is very difficult to treat with conventional anti-cancer/anti-apoptotic drugs. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase causes a mixed or hybrid form of concurrent apoptosis and necrosis and therefore should enhance anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy on glioblastoma cells. Methods In human LN229 and drug-resistant T98G glioblastoma cell cultures, cell death and signal pathways were measured using immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Fluorescent dyes were applied to measure intracellular Ca2+, Na+ and K+ changes. Results The specific Na+/K+-ATPase blocker ouabain (0.1 - 10 μM) induced cell death and disruption of K+ homeostasis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Annexin-V translocation and caspase-3 activation indicated an apoptotic component in ouabain cytoxicity, which was accompanied with reduced Bcl-2 expression and mitochondrial membrane potential. Ouabain-induced cell death was partially attenuated by the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD (100 μM). Consistently, the K+ ionophore valinomycin initiated apoptosis in LN229 cells in a K+ efflux-dependent manner. Ouabain caused an initial cell swell, which was followed by a sustained cell volume decrease. Electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural features of both apoptotic and necrotic alterations in the same cells. Finally, human T98G glioblastoma cells that are resistant to the chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ) showed a unique high expression of the Na+/K+-ATPase α2 and α3 subunits compared to the TMZ-sensitive cell line LN229 and normal human astrocytes. At low concentrations, ouabain selectively killed T98G cells. Knocking down the α3 subunit sensitized T98G cells to TMZ and caused more cell death. Conclusion This study suggests that inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase triggers hybrid cell death and serves as an underlying mechanism for an enhanced chemotherapy effect on glioblastoma cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-716) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Loss of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in Drosophila photoreceptors leads to blindness and age-dependent neurodegeneration. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:791-801. [PMID: 25205229 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The activity of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase establishes transmembrane ion gradients and is essential to cell function and survival. Either dysregulation or deficiency of neuronal Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and rapid-onset dystonia Parkinsonism. However, genetic evidence that directly links neuronal Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase deficiency to in vivo neurodegeneration has been lacking. In this study, we use Drosophila photoreceptors to investigate the cell-autonomous effects of neuronal Na(+)/K(+) ATPase. Loss of ATPα, an α subunit of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, in photoreceptors through UAS/Gal4-mediated RNAi eliminated the light-triggered depolarization of the photoreceptors, rendering the fly virtually blind in behavioral assays. Intracellular recordings indicated that ATPα knockdown photoreceptors were already depolarized in the dark, which was due to a loss of intracellular K(+). Importantly, ATPα knockdown resulted in the degeneration of photoreceptors in older flies. This degeneration was independent of light and showed characteristics of apoptotic/hybrid cell death as observed via electron microscopy analysis. Loss of Nrv3, a Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase β subunit, partially reproduced the signaling and degenerative defects observed in ATPα knockdown flies. Thus, the loss of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase not only eradicates visual function but also causes age-dependent degeneration in photoreceptors, confirming the link between neuronal Na(+)/K(+) ATPase deficiency and in vivo neurodegeneration. This work also establishes Drosophila photoreceptors as a genetic model for studying the cell-autonomous mechanisms underlying neuronal Na(+)/K(+) ATPase deficiency-mediated neurodegeneration.
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