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Inamasu E, Tsuchiya T, Yamauchi M, Nishi K, Matsuda K, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Mori R, Matsumoto K, Miyazaki T, Hatachi G, Doi R, Watanabe H, Tomoshige K, Matsuda N, Higami Y, Shimokawa I, Nakashima M, Nagayasu T. Anticancer agent α-sulfoquinovosyl-acylpropanediol enhances the radiosensitivity of human malignant mesothelioma in nude mouse models. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:19-29. [PMID: 34738103 PMCID: PMC8776698 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly malignant disease that develops after asbestos exposure. Although the number of MPM cases is predicted to increase, no effective standard therapies have been established. The novel radiosensitizer α-sulfoquinovosyl-acylpropanediol (SQAP) enhances the effects of γ-radiation in human lung and prostate cancer cell lines and in animal models. In this study, we explored the radiosensitizing effect of SQAP and its mechanisms in MPM. The human MPM cell lines MSTO-211H and MESO-4 were implanted subcutaneously into the backs and thoracic cavities of immunodeficient KSN/Slc mice, then 2 mg/kg SQAP was intravenously administered with or without irradiation with a total body dose of 8 Gy. In both the orthotopic and ectopic xenograft murine models, the combination of irradiation plus SQAP delayed the implanted human MSTO-211H tumor growth. The analysis of the changes in the relative tumor volume of the MSTO-211H indicated a statistically significant difference after 8 Gy total body combined with 2 mg/kg SQAP, compared to both the untreated control (P = 0.0127) and the radiation treatment alone (P = 0.0171). After the treatment in each case, immunostaining of the harvested tumors revealed decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis and normalization of tumor blood vessels in the SQAP- and irradiation-treated group. Furthermore, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1 mRNA and protein expression were decreased, indicating reoxygenation in this group. In conclusion, SQAP improved hypoxic conditions in tumor tissue and may elicit a radiosensitizing effect in malignant mesothelioma models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Corresponding author. Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan. Tel: +81-95-819-7304; Fax: +81-95-819-7306;
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2
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Takakusagi Y, Sugyo A, Tsuji AB, Sudo H, Yasunaga M, Matsumura Y, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Higashi T. The natural sulfoglycolipid derivative SQAP improves the therapeutic efficacy of tissue factor-targeted radioimmunotherapy in the stroma-rich pancreatic cancer model BxPC-3. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101285. [PMID: 34839108 PMCID: PMC8628266 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SQAP enhanced tumor uptake and the therapeutic efficacy of radiolabeled anti-tissue factor antibody 1849. SQAP allows for a reduction of the dose of the therapeutic agent 90Y-labeled 1849 to half. SQAP did not affect hematologic parameters, or gastrointestinal and respiratory systems in mice. 90Y-labeled 1849 with SQAP potentially increases exposure of tumors to radiation.
α-Sulfoquinovosylacyl-1,3-propanediol (SQAP) is a semi-synthetic derivative of natural sulfoglycolipid that sensitizes tumors to external-beam radiotherapy. How SQAP affects internal radiotherapy, however, is not known. Here, we investigated the effects of SQAP for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) targeting tissue factor (TF) in a stroma-rich refractory pancreatic cancer mouse model, BxPC-3. A low dose of SQAP (2 mg/kg) increased tumor uptake of the 111In-labeled anti-TF antibody 1849, indicating increased tumor perfusion. The addition of SQAP enhanced the growth-inhibitory effect of 90Y-labeled 1849 without leading to severe body weight changes, allowing for the dose of 90Y-labeled 1849 to be reduced to half that when used alone. Histologic analysis revealed few necrotic and apoptotic cells, but Ki-67–positive proliferating cells and increased vascular formation were detected. These results suggest that the addition of a low dose of SQAP may improve the therapeutic efficacy of TF-targeted RIT by increasing tumor perfusion, even for stroma-rich refractory pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Takakusagi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-iQMS), 4-9-1 Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-iQLS), 4-9-1 Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Sugyo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-iQMS), 4-9-1 Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-iQMS), 4-9-1 Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-iQMS), 4-9-1 Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- pplied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Malignant Tumor Treatment Technologies (M.T.3) Inc., 3-20-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0023, Japan
| | - Kengo Sakaguchi
- pplied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Malignant Tumor Treatment Technologies (M.T.3) Inc., 3-20-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0023, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-iQMS), 4-9-1 Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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3
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Kawakubo H, Kamisuki S, Suzuki K, Izaguirre-Carbonell J, Saito S, Murata H, Tanabe A, Hongo A, Murakami H, Matsunaga S, Sakaguchi K, Sahara H, Sugawara F, Kuramochi K. SQAP, an acyl sulfoquinovosyl derivative, suppresses expression of histone deacetylase and induces cell death of cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:85-91. [PMID: 33577659 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoglycolipid, SQAP, is a radiosensitizing agent that makes tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. A previous study revealed that SQAP induced the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and inhibited angiogenesis in a hepatoma model mouse. Herein, we examined the biological activities of SQAP against hepatocarcinoma cells under low oxygen conditions. Cell growth inhibition of SQAP under hypoxic conditions was significantly higher than that under normoxic conditions. In addition, SQAP was found to impair the expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) under low oxygen conditions. Our present data suggested that SQAP induced the degradation of HIF-1α and then decreased the expression of HDAC1. Unlike known HDAC inhibitors, SQAP increased the acetylation level of histone in cells without inhibition of enzymatic activity of HDACs. Our data demonstrated hypoxia-specific unique properties of SQAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kei Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Shiki Saito
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murata
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanabe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hongo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kengo Sakaguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroeki Sahara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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4
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Glyceroglycolipid Metabolism Regulations under Phosphate Starvation Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070360. [PMID: 32668657 PMCID: PMC7401256 DOI: 10.3390/md18070360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceroglycolipids, abundant in cyanobacteria's photosynthetic membranes, present bioactivities and pharmacological activities, and can be widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Environmental factors could alter the contents and compositions of cyanobacteria glyceroglycolipids, but the regulation mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the glyceroglycolipids contents and the transcriptome in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 were analyzed under phosphate starvation. Under phosphate starvation, the decrease of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) and increases of digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) led to a decrease in the MGDG/DGDG ratio, from 4:1 to 5:3, after 12 days of cultivation. However, UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase gene sqdB, and the SQDG synthase gene sqdX, were down-regulated, and the decreased MGDG/DGDG ratio was later increased back to 2:1 after 15 days of cultivation, suggesting the regulation of glyceroglycolipids on day 12 was based on the MGDG/DGDG ratio maintaining glyceroglycolipid homeostasis. There are 12 differentially expressed transcriptional regulators that could be potential candidates related to glyceroglycolipid regulation, according to the transcriptome analysis. The transcriptome analysis also suggested post-transcriptional or post-translational regulations in glyceroglycolipid synthesis. This study provides further insights into glyceroglycolipid metabolism, as well as the scientific basis for glyceroglycolipid synthesis optimization and cyanobacteria glyceroglycolipids utilization via metabolic engineering.
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Takakusagi Y, Naz S, Takakusagi K, Ishima M, Murata H, Ohta K, Miura M, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Kishimoto S, Munasinghe JP, Mitchell JB, Krishna MC. A Multimodal Molecular Imaging Study Evaluates Pharmacological Alteration of the Tumor Microenvironment to Improve Radiation Response. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6828-6837. [PMID: 30301838 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
: Hypoxic zones in solid tumors contribute to radioresistance, and pharmacologic agents that increase tumor oxygenation prior to radiation, including antiangiogenic drugs, can enhance treatment response to radiotherapy. Although such strategies have been applied, imaging assessments of tumor oxygenation to identify an optimum time window for radiotherapy have not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated the effects of α-sulfoquinovosylacyl-1,3-propanediol (SQAP or CG-0321; a synthetic derivative of an antiangiogenic agent) on the tumor microenvironment in terms of oxygen partial pressure (pO2), oxyhemoglobin saturation (sO2), blood perfusion, and microvessel density using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging, photoacoustic imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with Gd-DTPA injection, and T2*-weighted imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) contrast. SCCVII and A549 tumors were grown by injecting tumor cells into the hind legs of mice. Five days of daily radiation (2 Gy) combined with intravenous injection of SQAP (2 mg/kg) 30 minutes prior to irradiation significantly delayed growth of tumor xenografts. Three days of daily treatment improved tumor oxygenation and decreased tumor microvascular density on T2*-weighted images with USPIO, suggesting vascular normalization. Acute effects of SQAP on tumor oxygenation were examined by pO2, sO2, and Gd-DTPA contrast-enhanced imaging. SQAP treatment improved perfusion and tumor pO2 (ΔpO2: 3.1 ± 1.0 mmHg) and was accompanied by decreased sO2 (20%-30% decrease) in SCCVII implants 20-30 minutes after SQAP administration. These results provide evidence that SQAP transiently enhanced tumor oxygenation by facilitating oxygen dissociation from oxyhemoglobin and improving tumor perfusion. Therefore, SQAP-mediated sensitization to radiation in vivo can be attributed to increased tumor oxygenation. SIGNIFICANCE: A multimodal molecular imaging study evaluates pharmacological alteration of the tumor microenvironment to improve radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Takakusagi
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarwat Naz
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kaori Takakusagi
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Masahiko Miura
- Department of Oral Radiation Oncology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Sakaguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeeva P Munasinghe
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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6
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Athyrium plants - Review on phytopharmacy properties. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:201-205. [PMID: 31193938 PMCID: PMC6544609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Athyrium plants consist of more than 230 species that are largely distributed in the Sino-Himalayan region and the Western Pacific islands. Athyrium species are being used in traditional medicine worldwide to treat various ailments such as cough, rheumatic pain, scorpion stings, sores, burns and scalds, intestinal fever, pain, specifically breast pain during child birth, to increase milk flow, as an antiparasitic, anthelmintic, and carminative. A deep look in the literature has revealed that Athyrium species have been poorly investigated for their food preservative applications and in vivo and in vitro biological and phytochemical studies. However, some Athyrium species have demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-HIV potential. Athyrium multidentatum (Doll.) Ching is the most investigated species and the biological activities of their extracts, such as they antioxidant properties, seem to be related to the sulfate contents of their polysaccharides. This review provides an update on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological properties of Athyrium plants that might be useful for further research. Of course, well-designed clinical trials will be required for some species to be used as therapy.
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Baskaran XR, Geo Vigila AV, Zhang SZ, Feng SX, Liao WB. A review of the use of pteridophytes for treating human ailments. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:85-119. [PMID: 29405039 PMCID: PMC5833325 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes (pteridophytes) as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes (aka, ferns and fern allies) are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this lineage for over 2000 years because of their beneficial properties. We have documented the medicinal uses of pteridophytes belonging to thirty different families. The lycophyte Selaginella sp. was shown in earlier studies to have multiple pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Among all the pteridophytes examined, taxa from the Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Adiantaceae exhibited significant medicinal activity. Based on our review, many pteridophytes have properties that could be used in alternative medicine for treatment of various human illnesses. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Even though several studies have reported medicinal uses of ferns, the possible bioactive compounds of several pteridophytes have not been identified. Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Finally, the future direction of pteridophyte research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier-ravi Baskaran
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | | | - Shou-zhou Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Shi-xiu Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Wen-bo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Manzo E, Fioretto L, Pagano D, Nuzzo G, Gallo C, De Palma R, Fontana A. Chemical Synthesis of Marine-Derived Sulfoglycolipids, a New Class of Molecular Adjuvants. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15090288. [PMID: 28930144 PMCID: PMC5618427 DOI: 10.3390/md15090288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines play a primary role in the protection of human health by preventing infectious and chronic diseases. Recently we have reported 1,2-O-distearoyl-3-O-β-d-sulfoquinovosylglycerol (β-SQDG18), here named Sulfavant A (1), which shows promising properties as a new molecular adjuvant in in vitro and in vivo tests. In the present manuscript, we provide full details about a synthetic strategy for the preparation of 1, including a discussion of chemical determinants of the activity and the major technical hurdles we faced during the study. Synthesis of Sulfavant A (1) is achieved by a versatile procedure based on a trichloroacetimidate methodology and peracetate sugar precursors. The final design opens possibilities for the preparation of a series of interesting analogs for further pharmacological optimization and development, including derivatives containing different saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., 17 and 22).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Manzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Laura Fioretto
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Dario Pagano
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Carmela Gallo
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Department of Internal and Experimental Clinic, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University of Campania, c/o II Policlinico (Bd. 3), Via S.Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, IT-80078 Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy.
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Mentegari E, Kissova M, Bavagnoli L, Maga G, Crespan E. DNA Polymerases λ and β: The Double-Edged Swords of DNA Repair. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7090057. [PMID: 27589807 PMCID: PMC5042388 DOI: 10.3390/genes7090057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is constantly exposed to both endogenous and exogenous damages. More than 10,000 DNA modifications are induced every day in each cell's genome. Maintenance of the integrity of the genome is accomplished by several DNA repair systems. The core enzymes for these pathways are the DNA polymerases. Out of 17 DNA polymerases present in a mammalian cell, at least 13 are specifically devoted to DNA repair and are often acting in different pathways. DNA polymerases β and λ are involved in base excision repair of modified DNA bases and translesion synthesis past DNA lesions. Polymerase λ also participates in non-homologous end joining of DNA double-strand breaks. However, recent data have revealed that, depending on their relative levels, the cell cycle phase, the ratio between deoxy- and ribo-nucleotide pools and the interaction with particular auxiliary proteins, the repair reactions carried out by these enzymes can be an important source of genetic instability, owing to repair mistakes. This review summarizes the most recent results on the ambivalent properties of these enzymes in limiting or promoting genetic instability in mammalian cells, as well as their potential use as targets for anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mentegari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Miroslava Kissova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Laura Bavagnoli
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, IGM-CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Sawada Y, Omoto K, Kohei N, Sakaguchi K, Miura M, Tanabe K. Sulfoquinovosylacylpropanediol is a novel potent radiosensitizer in prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2015; 22:590-5. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Sawada
- Department of Urology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuya Omoto
- Department of Urology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoki Kohei
- Department of Urology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kengo Sakaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; Chiba Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Restitution, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanabe
- Department of Urology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
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11
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Total synthesis and structure-activity relationship of glycoglycerolipids from marine organisms. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3634-59. [PMID: 24945415 PMCID: PMC4071594 DOI: 10.3390/md12063634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoglycerolipids occur widely in natural products, especially in the marine species. Glycoglycerolipids have been shown to possess a variety of bioactivities. This paper will review the different methodologies and strategies for the synthesis of biological glycoglycerolipids and their analogs for bioactivity assay. In addition, the bioactivities and structure-activity relationship of the glycoglycerolipids are also briefly outlined.
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12
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Abd El Baky HH, El Baz FK, El Baroty GS, Abd El-Salam OI, Ibrahim EA. Structural characterization and Biological Activity of Sulfolipids from selected Marine Algae. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2013. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.050213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, a replicative DNA polymerase inhibitor, from spinach enhances the anti-cell proliferation effect of gemcitabine in human pancreatic cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2517-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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14
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Manzo E, Tramice A, Pagano D, Trincone A, Fontana A. Chemo-enzymatic preparation of α-6-sulfoquinovosyl-1,2-O-diacylglycerols. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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MIZUSHINA YOSHIYUKI, HADA TAKAHIKO, YOSHIDA HIROMI. In vivo antitumor effect of liposomes with sialyl Lewis X including monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, a replicative DNA polymerase inhibitor, from spinach. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:821-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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16
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Barakat KH, Gajewski MM, Tuszynski JA. DNA polymerase beta (pol β) inhibitors: a comprehensive overview. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:913-20. [PMID: 22561893 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is the fundamental pathway responsible for the elimination of damaged DNA bases and repair of DNA single-strand breaks generated spontaneously or produced by DNA-damaging agents. Among the essential enzymes that are required to achieve the BER reaction is DNA polymerase beta (pol β), which has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target. More than 60 pol β-inhibitors have been identified so far; however, most of them are either not potent or not specific enough to become a drug. In this article we compile an essential knowledge base regarding the structures, the modes of inhibition and the activities of these pharmacologically interesting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled H Barakat
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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17
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Manzo E, Ciavatta ML, Pagano D, Fontana A. Synthetic Strategy for the Preparation of Bioactive Galactoglycerolipids. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2011. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2011.06(2).07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The current communication represents an extended abstract of the presentation delivered on the joint Moldo-Italian seminar “New frontiers in natural product chemistry”, held in the Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova on 30 September. A simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of galactoglycerolipids is provided.
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18
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Barakat K, Tuszynski J. Relaxed complex scheme suggests novel inhibitors for the lyase activity of DNA polymerase beta. J Mol Graph Model 2011; 29:702-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Takakusagi Y, Takakusagi K, Ida N, Takami M, Matsumoto Y, Kusayanagi T, Nakabayashi T, Aoki S, Murata H, Ohta K, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K. Binding region and interaction properties of sulfoquinovosylacylglycerol (SQAG) with human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 revealed by biosensor-based assays. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Takakusagi K, Takakusagi Y, Ohta K, Aoki S, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K. A sulfoglycolipid beta-sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol ( SQDG) binds to Met1-Arg95 region of murine DNA polymerase lambda (Mmpol ) and inhibits its nuclear transit. Protein Eng Des Sel 2009; 23:51-60. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzp064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Maeda N, Kokai Y, Ohtani S, Hada T, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Inhibitory effects of preventive and curative orally administered spinach glycoglycerolipid fraction on the tumor growth of sarcoma and colon in mouse graft models. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Anti-Tumor Effect of Orally Administered Spinach Glycolipid Fraction on Implanted Cancer Cells, Colon-26, in Mice. Lipids 2008; 43:741-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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24
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Furukawa T, Nishida M, Hada T, Kuramochi K, Sugawara F, Kobayashi S, Iijima H, Shimada H, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Inhibitory effect of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol on prokaryotic DNA polymerase I activity and cell growth of Escherichia coli. J Oleo Sci 2007; 56:43-7. [PMID: 17693698 DOI: 10.5650/jos.56.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated the glycolipids fraction from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and found that the fraction inhibited the activities of prokaryotic DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli (E. coli) and cell growth of E. coli. The fraction contained mainly three glycolipids, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), and purified SQDG inhibited these activities, however, purified MGDG and DGDG had no influence. In the tested strains of E. coli, SQDG inhibited the cell proliferation of the JM109 strain. It could be considered that a SQDG-containing thylakoid membrane in plant chloroplasts might have anti-bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Furukawa
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, JAPAN
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25
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Maeda N, Kokai Y, Ohtani S, Sahara H, Hada T, Ishimaru C, Kuriyama I, Yonezawa Y, Iijima H, Yoshida H, Sato N, Mizushina Y. Anti-Tumor Effects of the Glycolipids Fraction from Spinach which Inhibited DNA Polymerase Activity. Nutr Cancer 2007; 57:216-23. [PMID: 17571956 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701277908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We succeeded in purifying the fraction of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) containing the major glycolipids from a green vegetable, spinach (Spinacia oleraceaL.). This glycolipids fraction inhibited the activities of replicative DNA polymerases (pols) such as alpha, delta, and epsilon, and mitochondrial pol gamma with IC50 values of 44.0-46.2 microg/ml, but had no influence on the activity of repair-related pol beta. The fraction also inhibited the proliferation of human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cells with LD50 values of 57.2 microg/ml. In an in vivo anti-tumor assay on nude mice bearing solid tumors of HeLa cells, the fraction was shown to be a promising suppressor of solid tumors. Histopathological examination revealed that tumor necrosis with hemorrhage was significantly enhanced with the glycolipids fraction in vivo. The spinach glycolipids fraction might be a potent anti-tumor compound, and this fraction may be a healthy food substance with anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Maeda
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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26
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Aoki S, Ohta K, Matsumoto K, Sakai H, Abe M, Miura M, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K. An emulsion of sulfoquinovosylacylglycerol with long-chain alkanes increases its permeability to tumor cells. J Membr Biol 2007; 213:11-8. [PMID: 17347779 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-006-0054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-anomer form of sulfoquinovosyl-monoacylglycerol with a saturated C18 fatty acid (alpha-SQMG-C(18:0)) is a natural sulfolipid that is a clinically promising antitumor agent. It forms vesicles, micelles or an emulsion in water, depending on several physicochemical conditions. The type of aggregate formed appears to strongly influence the bioactivity level. Thus, we investigated the nature of the aggregates in relation to their bioactivities. The structure of the alpha-SQMG-C(18:0) assembly was greatly affected by the type of additive used in the preparation. Emulsification with ethanol and n-decane might be more effective at inhibiting tumor cell growth than the micelle or vesicle preparations. alpha-SQMG-C(18:0) formed an "emulsion-like-aggregate" in ethanol containing an n-decane concentration in the range of 1.03-103 mM: . These ethanol/n-alkane/alpha-SQMG-C(18:0) aggregates inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, under optimum conditions (i.e., ethanol containing 103 mM: of n-decane or n-dodecane dispersed in phosphate-buffered saline or culture medium). Based on these data, we discuss the relationship between the molecular action of and antitumor activity by alpha-SQMG-C(18:0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Aoki
- Department of Applied of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken 278-8510, Japan
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27
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Horton JK, Wilson SH. Hypersensitivity phenotypes associated with genetic and synthetic inhibitor-induced base excision repair deficiency. DNA Repair (Amst) 2006; 6:530-43. [PMID: 17113833 PMCID: PMC1911606 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Single-base lesions in DNA are repaired predominantly by base excision repair (BER). DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) is the polymerase of choice in the preferred single-nucleotide BER pathway. The characteristic phenotype of mouse fibroblasts with a deletion of the pol beta gene is moderate hypersensitivity to monofunctional alkylating agents, e.g., methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Increased sensitivity to MMS is also seen in the absence of pol beta partner proteins XRCC1 and PARP-1, and under conditions where BER efficiency is reduced by synthetic inhibitors. PARP activity plays a major role in protection against MMS-induced cytotoxicity, and cells treated with a combination of non-toxic concentrations of MMS and a PARP inhibitor undergo cell cycle arrest and die by a Chk1-dependent apoptotic pathway. Since BER-deficient cells and tumors are similarly hypersensitive to the clinically used chemotherapeutic methylating agent temozolomide, modulation of DNA damage-induced cell signaling pathways, as well as BER, are attractive targets for potentiating chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel H. Wilson
- * Corresponding author. Tel.: 919-541-3267; fax: 919-541-3592. E-mail address: (S.H. Wilson)
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28
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Sakimoto I, Ohta K, Yamazaki T, Ohtani S, Sahara H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Miura M. α-Sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol Is a Novel Potent Radiosensitizer Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2006; 66:2287-95. [PMID: 16489033 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a promising target for the treatment of cancer, and varying types of antiangiogenic agents have been developed. However, limitations and problems associated with antiangiogenic therapy have recently arisen. Although radiotherapy can be combined with antiangiogenic compounds to overcome these difficulties, almost all previously described angiogenesis inhibitors could still cause side effects at effective doses, and only additive effects are seen in current combination therapy. In this study, we identified a member of the sulfoquinovosylacylglycerols, alpha-sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerol (alpha-SQMG), originally derived from sea urchins, as a potent radiosensitizer. The agent synergistically inhibits angiogenesis at low doses when combined with ionizing radiation. Combined treatment with alpha-SQMG and radiation seems to promote the adoption of a senescence-like phenotype by vascular endothelial cells. Finally, the agent remarkably enhances the radioresponse of human tumors transplanted into nude mice, accompanied by a significant reduction in the vascularity of the tumors. Collectively, alpha-SQMG may be a novel potent radiosensitizer targeting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Sakimoto
- Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Restitution, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Kuriyama I, Musumi K, Yonezawa Y, Takemura M, Maeda N, Iijima H, Hada T, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Inhibitory effects of glycolipids fraction from spinach on mammalian DNA polymerase activity and human cancer cell proliferation. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:594-601. [PMID: 16081275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2005] [Revised: 02/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We succeeded in purifying the fraction containing the major glycolipids in monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, digalactosyl diacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) from dried vegetables. This glycolipids fraction was an inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha (pol alpha) in vitro and also the proliferation of human cancer cells. In this study, eight common vegetables were investigated in terms of the glycolipids fraction, the amounts of major glycolipids, mammalian DNA polymerase inhibitory activity and antiproliferative activity toward human cancer cells. Green tea possessed the largest amount of glycolipids overall. Spinach contained the largest amount of SQDG, followed by parsley, green onion, chive, sweet pepper, green tea, carrot and garlic. Spinach had the strongest inhibitory effect on pol alpha activity and human cancer cell proliferation. A significant correlation was found between SQDG content and inhibition of DNA polymerase. Therefore, the inhibition of pol alpha activity by SQDG may lead to cell growth suppression. Of the six subspecies of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) tested, "Anna" had the largest amount of SQDG, strongest inhibitory activity toward DNA polymerase and greatest effect on human cancer cell proliferation. Based on these results, the glycolipids fraction from spinach is potentially a source of food material for a novel anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isoko Kuriyama
- Department of Nutritional Science, Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Kobe-Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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30
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Maeda N, Hada T, Murakami-Nakai C, Kuriyama I, Ichikawa H, Fukumori Y, Hiratsuka J, Yoshida H, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. Effects of DNA polymerase inhibitory and antitumor activities of lipase-hydrolyzed glycolipid fractions from spinach. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:121-8. [PMID: 15681172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We succeeded in purifying the major glycolipid fraction in the class of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) from a green vegetable, spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). This glycolipid fraction was an inhibitor of DNA polymerases and a growth inhibitor of NUGC-3 human gastric cancer cells, and, interestingly, the activities were much stronger when the fraction was hydrolyzed by lipase. Glycolipids in the hydrolyzed fraction consisted of sulfoquinovosyl monoacylglycerol (SQMG), monogalactosyl monoacylglycerol (MGMG) and DGDG. In the in vivo antitumor assay using Greene's melanoma, the fraction containing SQMG, MGMG and DGDG showed to be a promising suppressor of solid tumors. Spinach glycolipid fraction might be a potent antitumor compound if directly injected into a tumor-carrying body, and this fraction may be a healthy food material that has antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Maeda
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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Yamamoto Y, Sahara H, Takenouchi M, Matsumoto Y, Imai A, Fujita T, Tamura Y, Takahashi N, Gasa S, Matsumoto K, Ohta K, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Jimbow K, Sato N. Inhibition of CD62L+ T-cell response in vitro via a novel sulfo-glycolipid, beta-SQAG9 liposome that binds to CD62L molecule on the cell surface. Cell Immunol 2005; 232:105-15. [PMID: 15922721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Revised: 02/16/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that synthetic sulfo-glycolipid, 3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfono-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2-di-O-acylglycerol (beta-SQDG(18:0)) which was deduced from sulfonoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols of sea urchin possessed immunosuppressive effects, such as human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and skin allograft in rat, and that these effects were caused by contact inhibition between T-cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs). Here, we investigated the mechanism of these immunosuppressive effects on human MLR by beta-SQAG9 which had been newly synthesized from beta-SQDG(18:0) to improve structural stability in water solution. CD62L+ T-cells in peripheral blood predominantly respond to APCs, and beta-SQAG9 inhibited the response of CD62L+ T-cell subset in human allogeneic MLR. Surprisingly, it was demonstrated that beta-SQAG9 bound to L- and P-selectin (CD62L and P) molecule in vitro. Meanwhile, beta-SQAG9 efficiently formed liposome structure and bound to L-selectin on the cell surface of CD62L+ T-cell subset but might not be incorporated into the cells. Because the immunosuppressive effects of beta-SQAG9 disappeared when beta-SQAG9 liposome was changed to soluble form by detergent, the liposome structure of beta-SQAG9 was presumed to be essential for these effects. These findings suggested beta-SQAG9 to be a novel drug with a unique immunosuppressive action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Yamamoto
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1 West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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Abstract
Sulfoquinovosylacylglycerols (SQAGs), in particular compounds with C18 fatty acid(s) on the glycerol moiety, may be clinically promising antitumor and/or immunosuppressive agents. They were found originally as inhibitors of mammalian DNA polymerases. However, SQAGs can arrest cultured mammalian cells not only at S phase but also at M phase, suggesting they have several molecular targets. A screen for candidate target molecules using a T7 phage display method identified an amino acid sequence. An homology search showed this to be a mammalian mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), rather than a DNA polymerase. Analyses showed SQAGs bound to recombinant MCAK with a K(D)=3.1x10(-4) to 6.2x10-5 M. An in vivo microtubule depolymerization assay, using EGFP-full length MCAK fusion constructs, indicated inhibition of the microtubule depolymerization activity of MCAK. From these results, we conclude that clinically promising SQAGs have at least two different molecular targets, DNA polymerases and MCAK. It should be stressed that inhibitors of MCAK have never been reported previously so that there is a major potential for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Aoki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Hossain Z, Kurihara H, Hosokawa M, Takahashi K. GROWTH INHIBITION AND INDUCTION OF DIFFERENTIATION AND APOPTOSIS MEDIATED BY SODIUM BUTYRATE IN CACO-2 CELLS WITH ALGAL GLYCOLIPIDS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 41:154-9. [PMID: 16153148 DOI: 10.1290/0409058.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids should have potential effects as antitumor agents. However, very few studies have examined this property of digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) on colon cancer cells. Cell viability was determined every 24 h with sodium 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2, 4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium dye reduction assay up to 72 h. Alkaline phosphatase activity was measured for assessing cell differentiation. Apoptosis was tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. Growth of Caco-2 cells was inhibited apparently at 48 h after addition of SQDG and at 72 h with DGDG. Alkaline phosphatase activity of Caco-2 cells obviously increased in combination with DGDG or SQDG and sodium butyrate (NaBT) at 72 h, indicating that DGDG and SQDG enhanced cell differentiation induced with NaBT. An increased enrichment factor was found when the cell was treated in combination with DGDG or SQDG and NaBT. These results strongly suggest that DGDG and SQDG should be considered as the leading compounds of potentially useful colon cancer chemotherapy agents when NaBT is combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Hossain
- Division of Marine Biosciences, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
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Matsumoto K, Takenouchi M, Ohta K, Ohta Y, Imura T, Oshige M, Yamamoto Y, Sahara H, Sakai H, Abe M, Sugawara F, Sato N, Sakaguchi K. Design of vesicles of 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(β-d-sulfoquinovosyl)-glyceride bearing two stearic acids (β-SQDG-C18), a novel immunosuppressive drug. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:2379-86. [PMID: 15548384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive effects of synthetic sulfo-glycolipids in the class of sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols (SQDG), including stereoisomers, were interesting in development of a promising clinical drug. Especially, 1,2-di-O-stearoyl-3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfo-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (beta-SQDG-C18) was thought to be a valuable candidate because of the preliminary observations of its high inhibitory activities in spite of low toxicities. The problem of using this material is to find an applicable way avoiding its low solubility in water. The vesicle formation of beta-SQDG-C18 is advantageous to i.v. administration in its chemico-structural character. With preparation in water, beta-SQDG-C18 was hard to form vesicles, because its hydrophilicity was strong. We examined the suitable parameter of the vesicle forming condition. It was possible to take a balance between the hydrophilicity and the hydrophobicity of the beta-SQDG-C18 molecule to be optimized to form vesicles in 150 mM PBS. In addition, we demonstrated the strong immunosuppressive activity of beta-SQDG-C18 vesicles. This is the first report of the preparation method of beta-SQDG-C18 vesicles, which should facilitate in vitro and in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Science University of Tokyo, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken 278-8510, Japan
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Yamazaki T, Aoki S, Ohta K, Hyuma S, Sakaguchi K, Sugawara F. Synthesis of an immunosuppressant SQAG9 and determination of the binding peptide by T7 phage display. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4343-6. [PMID: 15261299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 05/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
SQAG9, a new class of immunosuppressive sulfoquinovosylacylglycerol, and its biotinylated derivatives have been synthesized. A T7 Phage library, composed of random cDNA fragments from Drosophila melanogaster, displayed a possible binding peptide of 14 amino acids. The immobilized synthetic peptide on a sensor chip showed a dissociation constant of K(D)=1.5 x 10(-6) against SQAG9 in a surface plasmon resonance experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamazaki
- Genome and Drug Research Center, Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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36
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Hu HY, Horton JK, Gryk MR, Prasad R, Naron JM, Sun DA, Hecht SM, Wilson SH, Mullen GP. Identification of small molecule synthetic inhibitors of DNA polymerase beta by NMR chemical shift mapping. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:39736-44. [PMID: 15258144 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m402842200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol) plays a central role in repair of damaged DNA bases by base excision repair (BER) pathways. A predominant phenotype of beta-pol null mouse fibroblasts is hypersensitivity to the DNA-methylating agent methyl methanesulfonate. Residues in the 8-kDa domain of beta-pol that seem to interact with a known natural product beta-pol inhibitor, koetjapic acid, were identified by NMR chemical shift mapping. The data implicate the binding pocket as the hydrophobic cleft between helix-2 and helix-4, which provides the DNA binding and deoxyribose phosphate lyase activities of the enzyme. Nine structurally related synthetic compounds, containing aromatic or other hydrophobic groups in combination with two carboxylate groups, were then tested. They were found to bind to the same or a very similar region on the surface of the enzyme. The ability of these compounds to potentiate methyl methanesulfonate cytotoxicity, an indicator of cellular BER capacity, in wild-type and beta-pol null mouse fibroblasts, was next ascertained. The most active and beta-pol-specific of these agents, pamoic acid, was further characterized and found to be an inhibitor of the deoxyribose phosphate lyase and DNA polymerase activities of purified beta-pol on a BER substrate. Our results illustrate that NMR-based mapping techniques can be used in the design of small molecule enzyme inhibitors including those with potential use in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA
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Murakami C, Miuzno T, Hanaoka F, Yoshida H, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. Mechanism of cell cycle arrest by sulfoquinovosyl monoacylglycerol with a C18-saturated fatty acid (C18-SQMG). Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 67:1373-80. [PMID: 15013853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2003] [Accepted: 12/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have screened the inhibitors of mammalian DNA polymerases from natural products, and in the process found that either sulfoglycolipids or sulfoquinovosyl monoacylglycerol with a C18-saturated fatty acid (C18-SQMG), potently and selectively inhibited the activity of mammalian DNA polymerase (pol) and moderately the pol alpha. C18-SQMG was a cancer cell growth suppressor and a promissive anti-tumor agent. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the cell growth inhibition mechanism of C18-SQMG using HeLa cells. Analyses of the cell cycle and cyclin expression suggested that C18-SQMG arrested the cell cycle at intra-S phase, and the inhibition manner of DNA replication by C18-SQMG was similar to that by hydroxyurea. However, the DNA replication block by C18-SQMG did not induce degradation of Cdc25A protein, which was required for the replication block by hydroxyurea. C18-SQMG somewhat delayed mitosis because it induced phosphorylation of protein kinases, such as checkpoint kinases 1 and 2. These results suggest that C18-SQMG at first blocked DNA replication at the S phase by inhibiting replicative DNA polymerases, such as alpha, and then as the result of the inhibition, the other checkpoint signals associated with the pol might have responded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Murakami
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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Mizushina Y, Maeda N, Kawasaki M, Ichikawa H, Murakami C, Takemura M, Xu X, Sugawara F, Fukumori Y, Yoshida H, Sakaguchi K. Inhibitory action of emulsified sulfoquinovosyl acylglycerol on mammalian DNA polymerases. Lipids 2003; 38:1065-74. [PMID: 14669972 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-1162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl monoacylglycerol (SQDG/SQMG) are potent inhibitors of mammalian DNA polymerases and DNA topoisomerase II, and can be potent immunosuppressive agents and anticancer chemotherapy agents [Matsumoto, Y., Sahara, H., Fujita T., Shimozawa, K., Takenouchi, M., Torigoe, T., Hanashima, S., Yamazaki, T., Takahashi, S., Sugawara, F., et al., An Immunosuppressive Effect by Synthetic Sulfonolipids Deduced from Sulfonoquinovosyl Diacylglycerols of Sea Urchin, Transplantation 74, 261-267 (2002); Sahara, H., Hanashima, S., Yamazaki, T., Takahashi, S., Sugawara, F., Ohtani, S., Ishikawa, M., Mizushina, Y., Ohta, K., Shimozawa, K., et al., Anti-tumor Effect of Chemically Synthesized Sulfolipids Based on Sea Urchin's Natural Sulfonoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols, Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 93, 85-92 (2002)]. In those experiments, the in vivo effectiveness greatly depended on the degree of water solubility of SQDG/SQMG. In the present work, we studied the emulsification of SQDG/SQMG in terms of their use in in vivo experiments. Lipid emulsions containing SQDG/SQMG (oil-in-water emulsions) in which the particle size was smaller than 100 nm were designed and synthesized, and then the biochemical modes of emulsified SQDG/SQMG were studied in comparison with those of SQDG/SQMG solubilized by DMSO. Emulsified SQDG/SQMG are also selective mammalian DNA polymerase inhibitors and potent antineoplastic agents but do not inhibit the DNA topoisomerase II activity. The growth inhibition effect of emulsified SQMG to NUGC-3 cancer cells was twofold stronger than DMSO-soluble SQMG (69 and 151 microM, respectively). From these results, the properties of lipid emulsions containing SQDG/SQMG and their possible use in in vivo experiments including clinical use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan.
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Murakami C, Takemura M, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. Analysis of cell cycle regulation by 1-mono-O-acyl-3-O-(alpha-D-sulfoquinovosyl)-glyceride (SQMG), an inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerases. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:541-50. [PMID: 12906919 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the sulfo-lipids, 1-mono-O-acyl-3-O-(alpha-D-sulfoquinovosyl)-glyceride (SQMG), potently and selectively inhibited the activity of mammalian DNA polymerases. SQMG was also a potent apoptosis inducer and the SQMG effect occurred through the induction of G1 arrest with a reduction in the proportion of cells in the S phase. SQMG clearly increased the levels of p53 and p21 proteins, but did not induce the expression of p27 and p16 proteins. SQMG markedly reduced the pRb protein level and inhibited pRb phosphorylation after 48hr. These results suggested that SQMG activates the G1 checkpoint as a result of the DNA polymerase inhibition, and then promotes a p53-dependent apoptotic response. Since aphidicolin, a well-known replicative DNA polymerase inhibitor, did not promote these protein expressions, the apoptosis-inducing pathway by SQMG differs from that by aphidicolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Murakami
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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The inhibitory action of pyrrolidine alkaloid, 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol, on eukaryotic DNA polymerases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 304:78-85. [PMID: 12705887 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolidine alkaloids mimicking the structures of pentose with nitrogen in the ring are known to be inhibitors of glycosidases. We report here that a compound belonging to this category is an inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerases. Among the eight naturally occurring pyrrolidine alkaloids we tested, only one compound, 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-ribitol (DRB), which was purified from the mulberry tree (Morus alba), strongly inhibited the activities of eukaryotic DNA polymerases with IC50 values of 21-35 microM, and had almost no effect on the activities of prokaryotic DNA polymerases, nor DNA metabolic enzymes such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, T7 RNA polymerase, and bovine deoxyribonuclease I. Kinetic studies showed that inhibition of both DNA polymerases alpha and beta by DRB was competitive with respect to dNTP substrate. Whereas DNA polymerase alpha inhibition was noncompetitive with the template-primer, the inhibition of DNA polymerase beta was found to be competitive with the template-primer. The K(i) values of DNA polymerases alpha and beta for the template-primer were smaller than those for dNTP substrate. Therefore, the affinity of DRB was suggested to be higher at the template-primer binding site than at the dNTP substrate-binding site, although DRB is an analogue of deoxyribose consisting of dNTP. Computational analyses of the eight pyrrolidine alkaloids revealed a remarkable difference in the distribution of positive and negative electrostatic charges on the surface of molecules. The relationship between the structure of DRB and the inhibition of eukaryotic DNA polymerases is discussed.
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Synthesis of new C-sulfosugars and C-sulfoalditols: Amadori rearrangement of 6-C-sulfo-d-fucose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mizushina Y, Xu X, Asahara H, Takeuchi R, Oshige M, Shimazaki N, Takemura M, Yamaguchi T, Kuroda K, Linn S, Yoshida H, Koiwai O, Saneyoshi M, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K. A sulphoquinovosyl diacylglycerol is a DNA polymerase epsilon inhibitor. Biochem J 2003; 370:299-305. [PMID: 12435270 PMCID: PMC1223160 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2002] [Accepted: 11/15/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulphoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) was reported as a selective inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerases alpha and beta [Hanashima, Mizushina, Ohta, Yamazaki, Sugawara and Sakaguchi (2000) Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 91, 1073-1083] and an immunosuppressive agent [Matsumoto, Sahara, Fujita, Shimozawa, Takenouchi, Torigoe, Hanashima, Yamazaki, Takahashi, Sugawara et al. (2002) Transplantation 74, 261-267]. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the biochemical properties of the inhibition more precisely. As expected, SQDG could inhibit the activities of mammalian DNA polymerases such as alpha, delta, eta and kappa in vitro in the range of 2-5 micro M, and beta and lambda in vitro in the range of 20-45 micro M. However, SQDG could inhibit only mammalian DNA polymerases epsilon (pol epsilon) activity at less than 0.04 micro M. SQDG bound more tightly to mammalian pol epsilon than the other mammalian polymerases tested. Moreover, SQDG could inhibit the activities of all the polymerases from animals such as fish and insect, but not of the polymerases from plant and prokaryotes. SQDG should, therefore, be called a mammalian pol epsilon-specific inhibitor or animal polymerase-specific inhibitor. To our knowledge, this represents the first report about an inhibitor specific to mammalian pol epsilon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan.
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43
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Mizushina Y, Ishidoh T, Kamisuki S, Nakazawa S, Takemura M, Sugawara F, Yoshida H, Sakaguchi K. Flavonoid glycoside: a new inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha and a new carrier for inhibitor-affinity chromatography. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 301:480-7. [PMID: 12565887 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)03083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two flavonoid glycosides, kaempferol 3-O-(6"-acetyl)-beta-glucopyranoside (KAG) and quercetin 3-O-(6"-acetyl)-beta-glucopyranoside (QAG), were found to be inhibitors of eukaryotic DNA polymerases from a Japanese vegetable, Petasites japonicus. These compounds inhibited the activities of mammalian replicative DNA polymerases (i.e., pol alpha, delta, and epsilon), but not other pol beta, eta, kappa, and lambda activities. KAG was a stronger inhibitor and more selective to pol alpha than QAG. The IC(50) values of KAG for pol alpha, delta, and epsilon were 41, 164, and 127 microM, respectively. The pol alpha inhibition by KAG was non-competitive with respect to both the DNA template-primer and the dNTP substrate. KAG and QAG did not influence the activities of prokaryotic DNA polymerases or other mammalian DNA metabolic enzymes such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, human telomerase, human DNA topoisomerase I and II, T7 RNA polymerase, and bovine deoxyribonuclease I. Therefore, we concluded that these flavonoid glycosides are moderate replicative DNA polymerase inhibitors leaning more relatively to pol alpha, and could be used as chromatographic carriers to purify the DNA polymerases rather than cytotoxic agents. We then made a KAG-conjugated column such as the epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B. In the column, pol alpha was selectively adsorbed and eluted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science and High Tecnology Research Center, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan.
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Murakami C, Yamazaki T, Hanashima S, Takahashi S, Takemura M, Yoshida S, Ohta K, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. A novel DNA polymerase inhibitor and a potent apoptosis inducer: 2-mono-O-acyl-3-O-(alpha-D-sulfoquinovosyl)-glyceride with stearic acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1645:72-80. [PMID: 12535613 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-9639(02)00521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulfo-glycolipids in the class of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) including the stereoisomers are potent inhibitors of DNA polymerase alpha and beta. However, since the alpha-configuration of SQDG with two stearic acids (alpha-SQDG-C(18)) can hardly penetrate cells, it has no cytotoxic effect. We tried and succeeded in making a permeable form, sulfoquinovosyl monoacylglycerol with a stearic acid (alpha-SQMG-C(18)) from alpha-SQDG-C(18) by hydrolysis with a pancreatic lipase. alpha-SQMG-C(18) inhibited DNA polymerase activity and was found to be a potent inhibitor of the growth of NUGC-3 cancer cells. alpha-SQMG-C(18) arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase, and subsequently induced severe apoptosis. The arrest was correlated with an increased expression of p53 and cyclin E, indicating that alpha-SQMG-C(18) induced cell death through a p53-dependent apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Murakami
- Department of Nutritional Science, Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Hyogo 651-2180, Kobe, Japan
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Murakami C, Kumagai T, Hada T, Kanekazu U, Nakazawa S, Kamisuki S, Maeda N, Xu X, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. Effects of glycolipids from spinach on mammalian DNA polymerases. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:259-67. [PMID: 12504801 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We purified the major glycolipids in the class of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG) from a green vegetable, spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). MGDG was an inhibitor of the growth of NUGC-3 human gastric cancer cells, but DGDG and SQDG had no such cytotoxic effect. Therefore, we studied MGDG and its monoacyglycerol-form, monogalactosyl monoacylglycerol (MGMG), in detail. MGMG with one fatty acid molecule was obtained from MGDG with two fatty acid molecules by hydrolyzing with a pancreatic lipase. MGMG was also found to prevent the cancer cell growth. MGDG was a potent inhibitor of replicative DNA polymerases such as alpha, delta and epsilon. MGMG inhibited the activities of all mammalian DNA polymerases including repair-related DNA polymerase beta with IC(50) values of 8.5-36 microg/mL, and the inhibition by MGMG was stronger than that by MGDG. Both MGDG and MGMG could halt the cell cycle at the G1 phase, and subsequently induced severe apoptosis. The relationship between the DNA polymerase inhibition and the cell growth effect by these glycolipids is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Murakami
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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Oda M, Ueno T, Kasai N, Takahashi H, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Hayashi H, Mizushina Y. Inhibition of telomerase by linear-chain fatty acids: a structural analysis. Biochem J 2002; 367:329-34. [PMID: 12121150 PMCID: PMC1222903 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2002] [Revised: 07/15/2002] [Accepted: 07/16/2002] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have found that mono-unsaturated linear-chain fatty acids in the cis configuration with C(18) hydrocarbon chains (i.e. oleic acid) strongly inhibited the activity of human telomerase in a cell-free enzymic assay, with an IC(50) value of 8.6 microM. Interestingly, fatty acids with hydrocarbon chain lengths below 16 or above 20 carbons substantially decreased the potency of inhibition of telomerase. Moreover, the cis-mono-unsaturated C(18) linear-chain fatty acid oleic acid was the strongest inhibitor of all the fatty acids tested. A kinetic study revealed that oleic acid competitively inhibited the activity of telomerase ( K (i)=3.06 microM) with respect to the telomerase substrate primer. The energy-minimized three-dimensional structure of the linear-chain fatty acid was calculated and modelled. A molecule width of 11.53-14.26 A (where 1 A=0.1 nm) in the C(16) to C(20) fatty acid structure was suggested to be important for telomerase inhibition. The three-dimensional structure of the telomerase active site (i.e. the substrate primer-binding site) appears to have a pocket that could bind oleic acid, with the pocket being 8.50 A long and 12.80 A wide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Oda
- Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology Laboratory, Japan Energy Corporation, Toda-shi, Saitama 335-8502, Japan
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Matsumoto Y, Sahara H, Fujita T, Shimozawa K, Takenouchi M, Torigoe T, Hanashima S, Yamazaki T, Takahashi S, Sugawara F, Mizushina Y, Ohta K, Takahashi N, Gasa S, Jimbow K, Sakaguchi K, Sato N. An immunosuppressive effect by synthetic sulfonolipids deduced from sulfonoquinovosyl diacylglycerols of sea urchin. Transplantation 2002; 74:261-7. [PMID: 12151740 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200207270-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to develop new immunosuppressive agents without clinical drawbacks. In this article, we reveal the possibility of a chemically synthetic sulfonolipid that acts as a novel immunosuppressive drug. METHODS We evaluated the immunosuppressive effect of 3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfono-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2-di-O-acylglycerol (beta-SQDG) that contains a saturated C18 fatty acid, which is designated as beta-SQDG(18:0) by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and rat allogeneic skin graft. Then, we investigated the mechanism of immunosuppressive effect of beta-SQDG(18:0). RESULTS beta-SQDG(18:0) inhibited human MLR in a dose-dependent manner without overt cytotoxic effect and prolonged rat skin allograft rejection in vivo. beta-SQDG(18:0) did not inhibit the direct activation of responder T. This reagent could not affect the expression of either major histocompatibility antigen complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules on the cell surface of the stimulator cells, antigen-presenting cells. In contrast, beta-SQDG(18:0) was demonstrated to inhibit the binding among allogeneic lymphocytes. However, the expression of known cell surface accessory and adhesion molecules, such as CD4, CD28, leukocyte function-associated antigen 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and CTLA-4, was not affected by beta-SQDG(18:0) treatment. CONCLUSIONS beta-SQDG(18:0) might be a new class of the immunosuppressive reagent, and the inhibition of responder T-lymphocyte activation in MLR by beta-SQDG(18:0) may be responsible for certain three-dimensional structures of this reagent or its quinovose binding to sulfonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Matsumoto
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Departments of Pathology and Chemistry, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail:
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Murakami C, Yamazaki T, Hanashima S, Takahashi S, Ohta K, Yoshida H, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. Structure-function relationship of synthetic sulfoquinovosyl-acylglycerols as mammalian DNA polymerase inhibitors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 403:229-36. [PMID: 12139972 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that sulfo-glycolipids such as sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol (SQDG) and sulfoquinovosyl-monoacylglycerol (SQMG) are potent inhibitors of DNA polymerase alpha and beta and antineoplastic agents. Then, we succeeded in synthesizing SQDG and SQMG chemically, including their stereoisomers, glucopyranosyl-diacylglycerol (GDG) and glucopyranosyl-monoacylglycerol (GMG). In this study, we demonstrated the structure-function relationship of the synthetic sulfo-glycolipids to DNA polymerase alpha and beta and their relationship to the cytotoxic activity. Both SQDG and SQMG inhibited the activity of mammalian DNA polymerase alpha with IC(50) values of 3-5 microM, but GMG only moderately inhibited it. GDG, diacylglycerol (DG), and monoacylglycerol (MG) did not influence any of the DNA polymerase activities. The sulfate moiety in the quinovose was important in inhibiting the enzyme activity. The one-fatty-acid-sulfo-glycolipids, SQMG, GMG, and MG, prevented the growth of NUGC-3 human gastric cancer cells and induced apoptotic cell death, but the two-fatty-acid-sulfo-glycolipids, SQDG, GDG, and DG, did not. SQMG and GMG could halt the cell cycle at the G1 phase, but the cell cycle was not changed by MG. The relationship between the DNA polymerase inhibition and the cell growth effect by these compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Murakami
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2180, Hyogo, Japan
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Murakami C, Takemura M, Sugiyama Y, Kamisuki S, Asahara H, Kawasaki M, Ishidoh T, Linn S, Yoshida S, Sugawara F, Yoshida H, Sakaguchi K, Mizushina Y. Vitamin A-related compounds, all-trans retinal and retinoic acids, selectively inhibit activities of mammalian replicative DNA polymerases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1574:85-92. [PMID: 11955616 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acids, vitamin A-related compounds, are known to be inhibitors of telomerase. We found that fucoxanthin from the sea alga Petalonia bingamiae is a potent inhibitor of mammalian replicative DNA polymerases (i.e., pol alpha, delta and epsilon). Since fucoxanthin is a carotenoid (provitamin A-related) compound, we characterized the biochemical modes of vitamin A-related compounds including vitamin A and provitamin A in this report. Subsequently, we found that fucoxanthin, all-trans retinal (RAL, vitamin A aldehyde) and all-trans retinoic acid (RA, vitamin A acid) inhibited the activities of replicative DNA polymerases with IC(50) values of 18-190, 14-17 and 8-30 microM, respectively. On the other hand, all-trans retinol (vitamin A) did not influence any of the DNA polymerase activities. RA inhibited not only the activities of pol alpha, delta and epsilon with IC(50) values of 30, 28 and 8 microM, respectively, but of pol beta with an IC(50) value of 27 microM. The tested vitamin A-related compounds did not influence the activities of DNA polymerases from a higher plant, cauliflower, prokaryotic DNA polymerases, or DNA metabolic enzymes such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase, T7 RNA polymerase and bovine deoxyribonuclease I. RAL and RA should be called selective inhibitors of mammalian DNA polymerases including telomerase, and RAL was a specific inhibitor of mammalian replicative DNA polymerases. As expected from these results in vitro, some of them could prevent the growth of NUGC-3 human gastric cancer cells, and especially RAL was a potent antineoplastic agent with an LD(50) value of 19 microM. The cells were halted at G1 phase in the cell cycle by RAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Murakami
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan
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Mizushina Y, Kamisuki S, Kasai N, Shimazaki N, Takemura M, Asahara H, Linn S, Yoshida S, Matsukage A, Koiwai O, Sugawara F, Yoshida H, Sakaguchi K. A plant phytotoxin, solanapyrone A, is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase beta and lambda. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:630-8. [PMID: 11677229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105144200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanapyrone A, a phytotoxin and enzyme inhibitor isolated from a fungus (SUT 01B1-2) selectively inhibits the activities of mammalian DNA polymerase beta and lambda (pol beta and lambda) in vitro. The IC50 values of the compound were 30 microm for pol beta and 37 microm for pol lambda. Because pol beta and lambda are in a family and their three-dimensional structures are thought to be highly similar to each other, we used pol beta to analyze the biochemical relationship with solanapyrone A. On pol beta, solanapyrone A antagonistically competed with both the DNA template and the nucleotide substrate. BIAcore analysis demonstrated that solanapyrone A bound selectively to the N-terminal 8-kDa domain of pol beta. This domain is known to bind single-stranded DNA, provide 5'-phosphate recognition of gapped DNA, and cleave the sugar-phosphate bond 3' to an intact apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site (i.e. AP lyase activity) including 5'-deoxyribose phosphate lyase activity. Solanapyrone A inhibited the single-stranded DNA-binding activity but did not influence the activities of the 5'-phosphate recognition in gapped DNA structures and the AP lyase. Based on these results, the inhibitory mechanism of solanapyrone A is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Science, Kobe-Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan.
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