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Santos ACF, Monteiro LPG, Gomes ACC, Martel F, Santos TM, Ferreira BJML. NSAID-Based Coordination Compounds for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Developments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2855. [PMID: 35269997 PMCID: PMC8911414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
After the serendipitous discovery of cisplatin, a platinum-based drug with chemotherapeutic effects, an incredible amount of research in the area of coordination chemistry has been produced. Other transition metal compounds were studied, and several new relevant metallodrugs have been synthetized in the past few years. This review is focused on coordination compounds with first-row transition metals, namely, copper, cobalt, nickel or manganese, or with zinc, which have potential or effective pharmacological properties. It is known that metal complexes, once bound to organic drugs, can enhance the drugs' biological activities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory ones. NSAIDs are a class of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties used to treat pain or fever. NSAIDs' properties can be strongly improved when included in complexes using their compositional N and O donor atoms, which facilitate their coordination to metal ions. This review focuses on the research on this topic and on the promising or effective results that complexes of first-row transition metals and NSAIDs can exhibit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana C. F. Santos
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.F.S.); (L.P.G.M.); (A.C.C.G.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Luís P. G. Monteiro
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.F.S.); (L.P.G.M.); (A.C.C.G.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Adriana C. C. Gomes
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.F.S.); (L.P.G.M.); (A.C.C.G.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Fátima Martel
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine–Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Teresa M. Santos
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.F.S.); (L.P.G.M.); (A.C.C.G.); (T.M.S.)
| | - Bárbara J. M. Leite Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.C.F.S.); (L.P.G.M.); (A.C.C.G.); (T.M.S.)
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Batool SS, Gilani SR, Tahir MN, Harrison WTA, Mitu L, Mazharr S. Synthesis and structural features of copper(II) complexes of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine with 2-chlorobenzoate1− and 2-hydroxybenzoate1−. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1503653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Syeda Rubina Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Liviu Mitu
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Pitesti, Piteşti, Romania
| | - Sania Mazharr
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
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Csire G, Timári S, Asztalos J, Király JM, Kiss M, Várnagy K. Coordination, redox properties and SOD activity of Cu(II) complexes of multihistidine peptides. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:198-210. [PMID: 28972934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The results of electrochemical and SOD activity measurements of such copper(II) complexes of terminally protected multihistidine peptides that may mimic the active site of CuZnSOD enzyme are submitted and completed with solution equilibrium studies of some copper(II)-ligand systems. The equilibrium data confirm that the thermodynamic stabilities increase with the increasing number of histidyl residues in the amino acid sequence, the stability order, however, can be finely tuned by the number and quality of amino acids between histidine residues. Based on the cyclic voltammetric studies we concluded that the formal reduction potential values of imidazole nitrogen coordinated complexes decrease with the increasing number of imidazole donor atoms in the coordination sphere. However, the redox parameters of [CuH-1L]+ and [CuH-2L] complexes containing amide nitrogen coordination can be determined as well. All formal potential values of [CuL]2+, [CuH-1L]+ and [CuH-2L] complexes fall in the middle potential range of SOD activity. Finally, after the detailed analysis of species distribution curves based upon the equilibrium data SOD activity of copper(II) containing systems at two pH (pH=6.8 and 7.4) were determined. The imidazole coordinated [CuL]2+ complexes of the multihistidine peptide containing the HXH sequence exhibit the most significant activity, but the presence of amide nitrogen coordinated species with slightly distorted geometry could considerably contribute to the SOD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizella Csire
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sarolta Timári
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary; Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest, 10, H-1475, Hungary(1)
| | - József Asztalos
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Mária Király
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Kiss
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Várnagy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Aliaga ME, López-Alarcón C, Bridi R, Speisky H. Redox-implications associated with the formation of complexes between copper ions and reduced or oxidized glutathione. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 154:78-88. [PMID: 26277412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Binding of copper by reduced glutathione (GSH) is generally seen as a mechanism to lower, if not abolish, the otherwise high electrophilicity and redox activity of its free ions. In recent years, however, this concept has been contradicted by new evidence revealing that, rather than stabilizing free copper ions, its binding to GSH leads to the formation of a Cu(I)-[GSH]2 complex capable of reducing molecular oxygen into superoxide. It is now understood that, under conditions leading to the removal of such radicals, the Cu(I)-[GSH]2 complex is readily oxidized into Cu(II)-GSSG. Interestingly, in the presence of a GSH excess, the latter complex is able to regenerate the superoxide-generating capacity of the complex it originated from, opening the possibility that a GSH-dependent interplay exists between the reduced and the oxidized glutathione forms of these copper-complexes. Furthermore, recent evidence obtained from experiments conducted in non-cellular systems and intact mitochondria indicates that the Cu(II)-GSSG complex is also able to function in a catalytic manner as an efficient superoxide dismutating- and catalase-like molecule. Here we review and discuss the most relevant chemical and biological evidence on the formation of the Cu(I)-[GSH]2 and Cu(II)-GSSG complexes and on the potential redox implications associated with their intracellular occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita E Aliaga
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile.
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile
| | - Raquel Bridi
- Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile
| | - Hernán Speisky
- Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Batool SS, Ahmad S, Khan IU, Ejaz, Harrison WTA. Structural characterization of a new copper(II) complex of 1,10-phenanthroline and benzoate [Cu(phen)(C6H5CO 2 − )2]. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476615020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chandraleka S, Ramya K, Chandramohan G, Dhanasekaran D, Priyadharshini A, Panneerselvam A. Antimicrobial mechanism of copper (II) 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridyl complex on bacterial and fungal pathogens. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2011.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Safavi M, Foroumadi A, Nakhjiri M, Abdollahi M, Shafiee A, Ilkhani H, Ganjali MR, Hosseinimehr SJ, Emami S. Complexes of 2-hydroxyacetophenone semicarbazones: A novel series of superoxide dismutase mimetics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3070-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 02/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Fujimori T, Yasui H, Hiromura M, Sakurai H. Suppressive effect of orally administered copper(II)-aspirinate (Cu2(asp)4) complex on the generation of reactive oxygen species in the skin of animals subjected to UVA exposure. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16:746-52. [PMID: 17697147 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its mimetic complexes have been intensively studied. Recently, we found that Cu(2)(aspirinate)(4) (Cu(2)(asp)(4)) has both in vitro and in vivo antioxidative activities. We investigated the suppressive effect of Cu(2)(asp)(4) on ROS generation in the skin of hairless mice that were orally administered Cu(2)(asp)(4) and followed by UVA exposure. The results were compared with those obtained from mice that were orally administered Cu(salicylate)(2) (Cu(sal)(2)) or Cu(acetate)(2), (Cu(ace)(2)) and followed by UVA exposure. After confirming that Cu(2)(asp)(4) suppressed ROS generation in the skin, we measured both SOD activity and metallothionein (MT) and SOD protein levels in the whole proteins extracted from the skin of ICR mice that were orally administered Cu(II) compounds. The Cu(2)Zn(2)-SOD activity was enhanced by the administration of Cu(II) compounds; however, no alterations in the protein levels of MT and SOD were observed. Metallokinetics of the paramagnetic Cu(II) species in the circulating blood of rats, as estimated by electron spin resonance (ESR), revealed that among the Cu(II) compounds, the residence time of the Cu(II) species from Cu(2)(asp)(4) was the longest. On the basis of these results, we conclude that Cu(2)(asp)(4) is an orally potent antioxidative compound that suppresses ROS generation in the skin. The residence time of Cu(II) in the blood and the enhanced SOD activity in the skin following the oral administration of Cu(2)(asp)(4) support this conclusion. Here, we propose that Cu(2)(asp)(4) may be used to protect the skin against ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Fujimori
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Orally active antioxidative copper(II) aspirinate: synthesis, structure characterization, superoxide scavenging activity, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidative evaluations. J Biol Inorg Chem 2005. [PMID: 16261369 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-005-0031-3.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Ever since it was proposed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogeneses of various diseases, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic complexes have been intensively studied. We prepared copper(II) aspirinate [Cu2(asp)4] from Cu(II) and aspirin, which has been in use for many years as an antipyretic, an analgesic, and an anti-inflammatory agent. However, Cu2(asp)4 has been found to have additional activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti-ischemic/reperfusion agent, anticancer, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial activities. The activity of copper salicylate [Cu(sal)2] was also compared with that of Cu2(asp)4. The structure of the Cu2(asp)4 was determined using X-ray structure analysis. Its SOD-mimetic activity was determined using cytochrome c, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and ESR spin trap methods. The activity of Cu2(asp)4 was slightly greater than CuSO4 and copper acetate [Cu(ace)2] and slightly less than that of Cu(sal)2. The in vitro antioxidant activity, evaluated in human epithelial or transformed neoplastic keratinocyte cells, HaCaT, and normal dermal fibroblasts in terms of cell survival following ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, was significantly increased in the presence of Cu2(asp)4, Cu(sal)2, and CuSO4. Further, ROS generation following UVA irradiation in the skin of hairless mice following oral treatment with Cu2(asp)4 for three consecutive days was significantly suppressed compared to the vehicle- or Cu(ace)2-treated mice. On the basis of these results, Cu2(asp)4 was observed to be a potent antioxidative compound possessing antioxidative activity in biological systems. In conclusion, Cu2(asp)4 is a potent antioxidative agent that may be useful for future treatment of diseases resulting from ROS.
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Fujimori T, Yamada S, Yasui H, Sakurai H, In Y, Ishida T. Orally active antioxidative copper(II) aspirinate: synthesis, structure characterization, superoxide scavenging activity, and in vitro and in vivo antioxidative evaluations. J Biol Inorg Chem 2005; 10:831-41. [PMID: 16261369 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-005-0031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever since it was proposed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogeneses of various diseases, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic complexes have been intensively studied. We prepared copper(II) aspirinate [Cu2(asp)4] from Cu(II) and aspirin, which has been in use for many years as an antipyretic, an analgesic, and an anti-inflammatory agent. However, Cu2(asp)4 has been found to have additional activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti-ischemic/reperfusion agent, anticancer, antimutagenic, and antimicrobial activities. The activity of copper salicylate [Cu(sal)2] was also compared with that of Cu2(asp)4. The structure of the Cu2(asp)4 was determined using X-ray structure analysis. Its SOD-mimetic activity was determined using cytochrome c, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and ESR spin trap methods. The activity of Cu2(asp)4 was slightly greater than CuSO4 and copper acetate [Cu(ace)2] and slightly less than that of Cu(sal)2. The in vitro antioxidant activity, evaluated in human epithelial or transformed neoplastic keratinocyte cells, HaCaT, and normal dermal fibroblasts in terms of cell survival following ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, was significantly increased in the presence of Cu2(asp)4, Cu(sal)2, and CuSO4. Further, ROS generation following UVA irradiation in the skin of hairless mice following oral treatment with Cu2(asp)4 for three consecutive days was significantly suppressed compared to the vehicle- or Cu(ace)2-treated mice. On the basis of these results, Cu2(asp)4 was observed to be a potent antioxidative compound possessing antioxidative activity in biological systems. In conclusion, Cu2(asp)4 is a potent antioxidative agent that may be useful for future treatment of diseases resulting from ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujimori
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nacauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
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Kovala-Demertzi D, Galani A, Demertzis MA, Skoulika S, Kotoglou C. Binuclear copper(II) complexes of tolfenamic: synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopy and superoxide dismutase activity. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:358-64. [PMID: 14729316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of copper(II) complexes with a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, tolfenamic acid, Htolf, with formula [Cu(tolf)(2)L](2) (where L is H(2)O or DMF, N,N-dimethylformamide) were investigated. The crystal and molecular structure of [Cu(tolf)(2)(DMF)](2) was reported. Crystallographic data are as follows: monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n with cell constants a=9.068(2) A, b=14.514(3) A, c=22.826(4) A, V=2948.9(10) A(3) and Z=2. The crystal structure consists of binuclear, quadruply bridged neutral molecule with a Cu-Cu bond length of 2.6075(19) A. The complex is self-assembled via C-H-pi intermolecular stacking interactions. Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies were reported. The superoxide dismutase activity is measured and compared with those of superoxide dismutase enzyme, SOD, the free ligand and related copper complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs. IC(50) value was measured by the Fridovich test (1.97+/-0.17 microM), which showed that [Cu(tolf)(2)L](2) is a good superoxide scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kovala-Demertzi
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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Weder JE, Dillon CT, Hambley TW, Kennedy BJ, Lay PA, Biffin J, Regtop HL, Davies NM. Copper complexes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: an opportunity yet to be realized. Coord Chem Rev 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(02)00086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Müller J, Schübl D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Strähle J, Weser U. Structure—function correlation of Cu(II)-and Cu(I)-di-Schiff-base complexes during the catalysis of superoxide dismutation. J Inorg Biochem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(99)00035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Ainscough EW, Brodie AM, Denny WA, Finlay GJ, Ranford JD. Nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen donor adducts with copper(II) complexes of antitumor 2-formylpyridinethiosemicarbazone analogs: physicochemical and cytotoxic studies. J Inorg Biochem 1998; 70:175-85. [PMID: 9720303 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(98)10011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of N-, S- and O-donor ligand adducts with CuX+ (HX = 6-methyl-2-formylpyridinethiosemicarbazone (6HL); 2-formylpyridine-2'-methylthiosemicarbazone (2'L); 2-formylpyridine-4'-methylthiosemicarbazone (4'HL) is described. The N-donors, 2,2'-bipyridyl (bipy), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) give the complexes [Cu(6L)(bipy)]PF6, [Cu(6L)(bipy)]Cl.5H2O, [Cu(4'L)(bipy)]PF6, [Cu(6L)(dmap)2]PF6.2.5 H2O and [Cu(4'L)(dmap)2]PF6.H2O which have been characterized by physical and spectroscopic techniques. Pentafluorothiophenolate (pftp) gives S-donor complexes [CuX(pftp)] (X = 6L and 4'L) and thiolato co-ordination is proposed on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Paratritylphenolate (ptp) and HPO4(2-) give O-donor complexes [Cu(6L)(ptp)], [Cu(4'L)(ptp)], [¿Cu(6L)¿2HPO4].4H2O, and [¿Cu(4'L)¿2HPO4].5H2O which have been characterized by physical and spectroscopic techniques, as have the precursor complexes [Cu(6L)(CH3COO)].H2O, [Cu(4'L)(CH3COO)], Cu(6HL)(CF3COO)](CF3COO).0.5H2O, [Cu(4'HL)(CF3COO)](CF3COO), [Cu(2'L)Cl2) and [Cu(2'L)(NO3)2]. Protonation constants for the ligands and some of their complexes have been determined. 2-Formylpyridinethiosemicarbazone (HL) complexes of silver, gold, zinc, mercury, cadmium and lead are also discussed. Cytotoxicity against the human tumor cell line HCT-8 and antiviral data for selected compounds are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Ainscough
- Chemistry-Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Ďuračková Z, Labudová O, Andrezálová L, Feníková L, Labuda J, Kollárová M, Weser U. Nuclease-like activity of a cyclic tetrameric schiff base (tetraanhydroaminobenzaldehyde) N-coordinated copper complex. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/1357-2725(95)00094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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17
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Baquial JG, Sorenson JR. Down-regulation of NADPH-diaphorase (nitric oxide synthase) may account for the pharmacological activities of Cu(II)2 (3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)4. J Inorg Biochem 1995; 60:133-48. [PMID: 8530918 DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(95)00008-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Purposes of this work were to develop an enzyme system as an in vitro model of the NADPH-dependent component of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and examine the plausible down-regulation of this system and brain NOS by copper (II)2(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)4[Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4] as a mechanism accounting for its analgesic, anticonvulsant, and other pharmacological activities. Porcine heart diaphorase (PHD) was found to oxidize 114 microM NADPH with the corresponding reduction of an equivalent amount of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP). Addition of Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 to the reaction mixture decreased the reduction of DCPIP without substantially affecting the oxidation of NADPH. The IC50 for Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 in inhibiting the reduction of DCPIP was 1.5 microM. Mechanistically, this inhibition of DCPIP reduction was found to be due to the ability of Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 to serve as a catalytic electron acceptor for reduced PHD, which was enhanced by the presence of a large concentration of DCPIP and inhibited by a large concentration of NADPH. Oxidation of NADPH by PHD in the absence of DCPIP was linearly related to the concentration of Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 through the concentration range of 5-25 microM Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 with 50% recovery of NADPH oxidation by PHD at a concentration of 16 microM Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4. Whole rat brain tissue sections incubated in medium containing an NADPH-generating system and nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) were less intensely stained when Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 was added to the medium. It is concluded that Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 serves as an electron acceptor in down-regulating PHD reduction of DCPIP and in down-regulating NOS in brain tissue sections. A decrease in NO synthesis in animal models of seizure, pain, and other disease states with Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 may account for the anticonvulsant, analgesic, and other pharmacological activities of this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Baquial
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA
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18
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Duracková Z, Labuda J. Superoxide dismutase mimetic activity of macrocyclic Cu(II)-tetraanhydroaminobenzaldehyde (TAAB) complex. J Inorg Biochem 1995; 58:297-303. [PMID: 7500091 DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(94)00065-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The superoxide dismutase mimetic activity of a copper(II) complex with the tetraazamacrocyclic ligand TAAB has been investigated using the xanthin-xanthine oxidase system for generation of superoxide. The complex exhibits 50% inhibition of the 3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT) reduction at the concentration of 0.144 mumol.l-1 (pH 7.8, 25 degrees C). The activity survives in the presence of chelators including EDTA and serum albumin. The enzymatic activity of the complex represents about 3% of that of intact Cu2Zn2SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Duracková
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Baran EJ, Parajón-Costa BS, Rojo T, Sáez-Puche R, Fernández F, Tótaro RM, Apella MC, Etcheverry SB, Torre MH. Spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrochemical behavior of the copper(II) complex of carnosine. J Inorg Biochem 1995; 58:279-89. [PMID: 7500089 DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(94)00061-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Different physicochemical studies were undertaken with polycrystalline samples of the complex [Cu2(carnosine)2(H2O)2].2H2O. The infrared spectrum was discussed in comparison with that of free carnosine and on the basis of the known structural data. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed between 4.2 and 300 K, showing an effective magnetic moment of 1.79 BM. Both the electronic (reflectance) and ESR spectra were compatible with the existence of a dx2-y2 ground state. The axial reversed ESR spectrum could be explained on the basis of a very weak interdimeric coupling mechanism. The electrochemical behavior, investigated by cyclic voltammetry, shows that the complex possesses a very high redox stability. The possible SOD-like activity was tested using the NBT/superoxide reduction assay. The results show a negligible SOD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Baran
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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20
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Phenyl-substituted copper di-Schiff base, a potent Cu2Zn2 superoxide dismutase mimic surviving competitive biochelation. Inorganica Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1693(94)04298-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Kirkova M, Ivancheva E, Russanov E. In vitro effects of aspirin on malondialdehyde formation and on activity of antioxidant and some metal-containing enzymes. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY 1994; 108:145-52. [PMID: 7981976 DOI: 10.1016/1367-8280(94)90025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro effects of aspirin in different concentrations on malondialdehyde formation and on the activity of antioxidant and some metal-containing enzymes in rat liver homogenate and erythrocytes were studied. Aspirin showed a biphasic dependence on concentration: low concentrations (to 1.0 mM) stimulated the spontaneously formed malondialdehyde in the liver homogenate and the high concentration (5.0 mM) inhibited it; all aspirin concentrations tested had no effect on the liposomes; 5.0 mM aspirin inhibited the Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in the liver homogenate but had an opposite effect on the liposomes. Aspirin dose-dependently inhibited nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction and decreased deoxyribose degradation. The higher aspirin concentrations inhibited the activity of antioxidant and some metal-containing enzymes. It is suggested that these aspirin effects are determined by the aspirin-metal complexes formed rather than by aspirin itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kirkova
- Institute of Physiology, Bulgaria Academy of Sciences, Sofia
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22
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Apella MC, Totaro R, Baran EJ. Determination of superoxide dismutase-like activity in some divalent metal saccharinates. Biol Trace Elem Res 1993; 37:293-9. [PMID: 7688541 DOI: 10.1007/bf02783803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The superoxide-dismutase-like activity of a series of divalent metal saccharinates of general stoichiometry [MII(Sac)2(H2O)4].2H2O (with MII = Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn) has been investigated using the nitroblue tetrazolium O2- reduction assay. The results show that all these complexes possess the capability to dismutate the superoxide anion generated in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Interestingly, the greatest activity is shown by the corresponding copper complex. The results are discussed and compared with those obtained for native superoxide dismutase, which was tested under the same experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Apella
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), S.M. de Tucumán, Argentina
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23
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Keshavarzian A, Haydek J, Zabihi R, Doria M, D'Astice M, Sorenson JR. Agents capable of eliminating reactive oxygen species. Catalase, WR-2721, or Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 decrease experimental colitis. Dig Dis Sci 1992; 37:1866-73. [PMID: 1335406 DOI: 10.1007/bf01308081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and hypochlorous acid have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation and tissue injury in colitis. To determine whether or not anti-ROS agents can decrease the severity of colitis, we evaluated the effects of three known anti-ROS agents: catalase, WR-2721, and Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 on acetic acid-induced colonic inflammation in rats. Histologically, all three compounds significantly decreased the severity of colonic inflammation. The anti-ROS activity of these compounds was also tested using the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay. Catalase, WR-2721, or Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 significantly inhibited luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence produced by inflamed colonic mucosa. These findings suggest that ROS, and in particular superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and/or one of its secondarily derived species, may play an important role in acetic acid-induced colitis. Further studies are needed to determine the potential effectiveness of these compounds in human colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Keshavarzian
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, Illinois
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24
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Khan MF, Ohno Y, Takanaka A. Effect of tetrakis-mu-3,5-diisopropylsalicylatodiaquodicopper(II) on the status of reduced glutathione in freshly isolated hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 1992; 66:587-91. [PMID: 1463394 DOI: 10.1007/bf01973390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Effects of different concentrations of tetrakis-mu-3,5-diisopropylsalicylatodiaquodicopper(II) (Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4(H2O2)2) on the reduced status of glutathione (GSH), the major nonprotein thiol in tissues, were investigated using freshly isolated hepatocytes. Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 below 100 microM did not have any significant effects on either the GSH content or viability of the hepatocytes, but at 150-250 microM it decreased both parameters after 1 h of incubation. The decrease in cellular GSH was not followed by an increase in the oxidized form of GSH (GSSG) in the cell suspension. The addition of deferoxamine with Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 to the hepatocyte suspension prevented depletion in GSH content and loss of cell viability by Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4. Both GSH depletion and loss of cell viability were found to be Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 dose dependent. From these results, it appears that Cu(II)2(3,5-DIPS)4 penetrated the cell membrane and acted by decreasing the GSH level by forming a copper-glutathione complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Khan
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Kirkova M, Kassabova T, Russanov E. In vivo effects of indomethacin--I. Activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1992; 23:503-7. [PMID: 1511859 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(92)90119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The in vivo effects of indomethacin on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and on lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, liver and small intestines of rats were examined. 2. The activity of the enzymes studied increased or remained unchanged depending on the preparation and model used: treatment with "therapeutic" or "ulcerogenic" dose of indomethacin. 3. Indomethacin inhibited lipid peroxidation in the liver but not in the erythrocytes. 4. The results suggest that the stimulation of antioxidant enzymes, probably through in vivo formed metal complexes, is an alternative mechanism of the antiinflammatory action of indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kirkova
- Institute of Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia
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26
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Duchstein HJ, Gurka HJ. Activated species of oxygen: a challenge to modern pharmaceutical chemistry. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1992; 325:129-46. [PMID: 1642513 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19923250302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Bhirud R, Srivastava T. Monomeric and dimeric mixed-ligand copper(II) complexes of 2,2′-bipyridine/1,10-phenanthroline and 1-methylimidazole with imidazoles as catalysts for superoxide dismutation. J Inorg Biochem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(90)80067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Miesel R, Weser U. Anticarcinogenic reactivity of copper-dischiffbases with superoxide dismutase-like activity. FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1990; 11:39-51. [PMID: 2074049 DOI: 10.3109/10715769009109666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CuPu(Py)2 and CuPu(Im)2, two novel dischiffbase coordinated low Mr active centre analogues of Cu2Zn2 superoxide dismutase, were shown to effectively catalyze the production of hydroxyl radicals in the presence and absence of TPA-activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These stable copper chelates exhibited a pronounced anticarcinogenic reactivity in male Sprague Dawley rats implanted with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells. When four doses of 5 mumol/kg CuPu(Py)2 and CuPu(Im)2, respectively, were administered intratumorally, reduction in tumor size, delay of metastasis and a significant increase in survival of the hosts were observed, resulting in 75% of total remissions. 60% of the animals recovered totally from the carcinosarcoma, when CuPu(Py)2 was applicated intravenously.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Miesel
- Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, FRG
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29
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Harisch G, Kretschmer M, Richter T, Pickel M. Investigations on the influence of copper succinate on the production of superoxide anion radicals by bovine small intestinal mucosa cells. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE A 1989; 36:576-84. [PMID: 2559559 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1989.tb00768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of an experimental ischemia lasting for 45 minutes and a subsequent period of reperfusion of equal length on the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) and microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH-CR) were investigated in the small intestinal mucosa of male neonatal calves of the breed German "Schwarzbunte". The activity of the NADPH-CR was determined by chemiluminescence. The activity of XO decreased during ischemia, but rose to values above the control level following reperfusion. 5 mg of Cu2(succinate)2 (CuSu) administered either intraarterially or intraluminally during reperfusion prevented the rise in XO. Formation of malondialdehyde decreased in the presence of CuSu. The NADPH-CR likewise showed subnormal activity values during ischemia, but also remained at a low level during reperfusion. The activity of this enzyme was further lowered by local intraarterial or intraluminal administration of 5 mg of CuSu and by 120 mg of CuSu administered intravenously during the reperfusion. These results are discussed with regard to the superoxide anion radical induced tissue lesions observed during reperfusion.
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30
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31
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Sorenson JR. Copper complexes offer a physiological approach to treatment of chronic diseases. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1989; 26:437-568. [PMID: 2690187 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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32
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33
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Foye WO, Jones RW, Ghoshal PK. Antiradiation compounds. XXII. Methyl 3-amino-2-phenyldithiopropenoates and 1,1-bis(methylthio)-3-amino-2-phenyl-1-propenes. J Pharm Sci 1987; 76:809-12. [PMID: 3430346 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600761012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The title compounds were prepared in the attempt to provide methylthio and bis(methylthio) analogues of the radioprotective pyridinium- and quinolinium-2-dithioacetic acid derivatives in which the methylthio function is attached to an amino group through an aliphatic chain. The methyl 3-amino-2-phenyldithiopropenoates were obtained by the reaction of amines with 4-phenyl-3-methylthio-1,2-dithiolium iodide, and the 1,1-bis(methylthio)-3-amino-2-phenyl-1-propenes were obtained by methylation and reduction of the dithiopropenoates. The methyl dithiopropenoates with aliphatic substituents on the nitrogen gave only fair or poor radiation protection in mice, and one example of the reduced bis(methylthio) derivatives tested was inactive. The precursor 1,2-dithiole-3-thione and its methiodide, predicted to be radiation protective, were found inactive in this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- W O Foye
- Samuel M. Best Research Laboratory, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Boston 02115
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34
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Linss M, Weser U. Redox behaviour and stability of active centre analogues of Cu2Zn2-superoxide dismutase. Inorganica Chim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)81202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Foye WO, Patarapanich S. Antiradiation compounds: XXI. Metal ion complexation of bis(methylthio) and methylthio amino derivatives of 1-methylquinolinium-2-dithioacetic acids. J Pharm Sci 1987; 76:650-3. [PMID: 11002826 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600760813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With the assumption that the radiation-protective ability (whole body protection of mice) of the bis(methylthio) and methylthio amino derivatives of the 1-methylquinolinium-2-dithioacetic acids may be due to complexation of copper or zinc ions in vivo, the ability of these compounds to form stable metal complexes has been observed. Metal ion stability constants have been determined for three of the compounds with Al(III), Cu(II), Fe(III), and Zn(II) ions, and stabilities somewhat larger than those for simple peptides were found. Structures of the Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes are proposed, based on elemental analyses and infrared absorption. The Cu(II) complexes are 1:1 ligand:metal structures that precipitated as double salts with CuCl2, and the Fe(III) complexes are 2:1 structures in which the ligands incorporated an additional sulfur atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- W O Foye
- Samuel M. Best Research Laboratory, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Boston 02115, USA
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36
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Jones GR. Dysbaric osteonecrosis (caisson disease of bone): are active oxygen species and the endocrine system responsible, and can control of the production of free radicals and their reaction products confer protection? FREE RADICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 1987; 4:139-47. [PMID: 3333753 DOI: 10.3109/10715768709088099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of osteonecrosis after exposure to altered air pressures is consistent with cellular injury brought about by active oxygen species. The syndrome is considered to arise as a result of an unusual combination of circumstances in which hyperoxia itself, together with the additive responses of the endocrine system to hyperoxia, hypothermia and exertion, each appear to play a part; the net result is thought to increase the mitochondrial generation of superoxide. It is suggested that effective prophylaxis may be possible primarily by establishing a nutritional status that is adequate to ensure that the functional activities of radical-scavenging systems are not hampered by deficiencies either of essential trace elements or of vitamin E. Pharmacological pretreatments designed both to decrease excessive levels of superoxide through increased catalysis of anionic dismutation and to attenuate enzyme-dependent peroxidation may provide an additional line of defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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37
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Wendel A, Fausel M, Safayhi H, Tiegs G, Otter R. A novel biologically active seleno-organic compound--II. Activity of PZ 51 in relation to glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Pharmacol 1984; 33:3241-5. [PMID: 6487371 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(84)90084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory compound 2-phenyl-1,2-benzoisoselenazol-3(2H)-on (PZ 51) catalysed GSSG formation from GSH in the presence of hydroperoxides in an NADPH/GSSG reductase system with the following rates (delta log GSH/min per molar selenium): 1.1 X 10(6) with H2O2, 1.2 X 10(6) with butylhydroperoxide, 1.7 X 10(6) with cumenehydroperoxide. The reaction catalysed by the sulphur analogue of PZ 51 was negligible. Similar results were obtained in a direct assay of GSH-Px activity based on GSH estimation by dithionitrobenzoate. The activation energy of the reaction was determined as 55 kJ/mol . deg in the presence of 30 mumol/1 PZ 51 compared to 36.5 kJ/mol . deg obtained in the presence of 1 nmol/1 pure GSH-Px isolated from bovine red blood cells. In mouse liver microsomes, NADPH-dependent aminopyrine dealkylation was totally inhibited in the presence of 50 mumol/1 PZ 51. In vivo experiments with Se-deficient mice showed that the Se-moiety of PZ 51 is not available for the synthesis of the selenoenzyme GSH-Px after dietary treatment or i.p. doses up to 25 mg Se as PZ 51 per kg body wt. After oral administration of labelled PZ 51, unlike with selenite, no radioactivity was incorporated into GSH-Px within 48 hr. The data suggest that several similarities between PZ 51 and the active site of GSH-Px exist, resulting in the capability of the compound to catalyse the GSH-Px reaction. An extracellular pharmacodynamic action of the drug seems likely.
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38
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Deuschle U, Weser U. Reactivity of Cu2(lonazolac)4, a lipophilic copper acetate derivative. Inorganica Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)81843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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40
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Kimura E, Yatsunami A, Watanabe A, Machida R, Koike T, Fujioka H, Kuramoto Y, Sumomogi M, Kunimitsu K, Yamashita A. Further studies on superoxide dismutase activities of macrocyclic polyamine complexes of copper(II). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 745:37-43. [PMID: 6687811 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) activities of new series of macrocyclic complexes with copper(II) have been measured. Chemical modifications in macrocyclic ring size, donor atom, donor atom number, substituents on the macrocyclic skeletons, and length of bridges linking two macrocycles are shown to have profound effects on the superoxide dismutase activities of the metal complexes. The quantitative measurement by the standard xanthine-xanthine oxidase assay, which depends on the conversion of nitroblue tetrazolium to formazan, has been corroborated by a direct assay method using an oxygen electrode.
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41
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Weser U, Sellinger KH, Lengfelder E, Werner W, Strähle J. Structure of Cu2(indomethacin)4 and the reaction with superoxide in aprotic systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 631:232-45. [PMID: 6250635 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(80)90298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The copper complex of indomethacin (1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-indole acetate), a common anti-inflammatory drug, was prepared and characterized. Crystal structure determination revealed the dimeric form of the 1 : 2 complex, namely Cu2(indomethacin)4 x L2, in the unit cell. Surprisingly, the copper-copper distance (263 pm) was very close to metallic copper (256 pm). The two coordination sites in the copper-copper axis can be readily replaced by superoxide. An intriguing similarity to Cu2(acetate)4 was seen. Due to the lipophilic nature of the indomethacin ligand, this copper complex reacted with superoxide in aprotic solvents. the superoxide dismutating activity was successfully demonstrated in Me2SO/water and acetonitrile/water mixtures using the nitro-blue tetrazolium assay and pulse radiolysis. The second-order rate constant of 6 x 10(9) M-1 x s-1 in strictly aqueous systems dropped only slightly to 1.1 x 10(9) M-1 x s-1 when aprotic solvents were used. This is the fastest rate constant ever observed for a copper-dependent dismutation of superoxide. The KO2-induced lipid peroxidation in both erythrocytes and liver microsomes was suppressed by 70% in the presence of 1 x 10(-10) mol x ml-1 of Cu2(indomethacin)4. The inhibitory action dropped to 25% when Cu2Zn2superoxide dismutase was employed. The formation of copper x indomethacin in rat serum after administration of indomethacin was shown in vitro and vivo.
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42
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Broomhead JA, Fairlie DP, Whitehouse MW. cis-Platinum(II) amine complexes: some structure-activity relationships for immunosuppressive, nephrotoxic and gastrointestinal (side) effects in rats. Chem Biol Interact 1980; 31:113-32. [PMID: 7190079 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(80)90144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A local graft-versus-host reaction was established to elicit lymphoid hypertrophy in F1 hybrid PVG X Lew rats. cis-Di(amine)platinum(II) complexes were given i.p. on days 1--4 in divided doses. Overnight proteinuria and measurements of renal hypertrophy on day 5 reflected the nephrotoxicity of the test compound. Stomach weights indicated the peculiar effect on pyloric stasis causing gastric distension. Weights of thymus' and spleens together with lymph-nodes showed the lymphodepressant/immunosuppressive properties of platinum compounds. Structure activity relationships for immunosuppressant, nephrotoxic and gastric-distending activities were investigated with: (a) cis-diaquo, cis-hydroxyaquo- and cis-dichlorodi(amine)platinum(II) complexes; (b) dinuclear mu-dihydroxo-bridged di(amine)platinum(II) complexes; (c) carboxylatodi(amine)platinum(II) complexes. Nephrotoxicity was minimised (with retention of immunosuppressant activity) by (a) the use of certain N-substituted amines e.g. Dach, Me4en; (b) co-administration of selected adjuncts e.g. citrate, salicylate; (c) auxiliary treatment with a penicillin mixture (Triplopen). In vitro effects of some platinum(II) compounds on isolated rat kidney tubules were also investigated.
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43
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Abstract
Hydrolysis rates of acetylsalicylate in the free acid and anion forms and in the dilute solution of the copper complex, tetrakis-mu-acetylsalicylato-dicopper(II), were compared. The hydrolysis rate was unaffected by the presence of copper(II). The pH-dependent rate was 3.64 x 10(-4) mmole/liter/min per pH unit at 37 degrees in Ringer's solution. The synthetic procedures commonly used for the preparation of this compound yield a product contaminated with salicylate. This contamination is avoided by synthesis of the compound in methanol, which yields a complex containing no measurable salicylate.
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44
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Walker WR, Beveridge SJ, Whitehouse MW. Anti-inflammatory activity of a dermally applied copper salicylate preparation (Alcusal). AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1980; 10:38-47. [PMID: 7386307 DOI: 10.1007/bf02024177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In rats, dermal (dorsum) application of an ethanolic copper salicylate complex (ECS) in ethanol with glycerol (Alcusal) effectively suppressed established polyarthritis, carrageenan-induced paw oedema and the inflammatory response to hydroxylapatite microcrystals. These responses appear to be due to some degree of synergism between the copper(II) and salicylate, i.e. not solely due to either species alone. Evidence for transdermal absorption of 64Cu from 64Cu-ECS is provided. Some safety aspects of this novel drug are discussed.
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45
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Oberley LW, Oberley TD, Buettner GR. Cell differentiation, aging and cancer: the possible roles of superoxide and superoxide dismutases. Med Hypotheses 1980; 6:249-68. [PMID: 6253771 DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(80)90123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A unified theory of cell differentiation, aging, and cancer is discussed. All cells are hypothesized to originate from stem cells. These stem cells mature as they divide and eventually reach a fully differentiated cell, which cannot divide. Aging is caused by the loss of stem cells, either due to cell death or terminal differentiation, and by eventual death of fully differentiated cells. Both loss of stem cells and death are brought about by oxygen radicals. The cancer phenotype is caused by an inability of a stem cell to differentiate fully under the local environmental conditions. Because the cancer cell cannot differentiate, it never loses its potential for growth. The block in differentiation of cancer cells is caused by a relative lack of radical scavengers, particularly manganese superoxide dismutase, coupled with production of radicals, especially superoxide. The high reactivity of these radicals leads to changes in key subcellular structures and prevents the cell from attaining the organization needed for cell differentiation to occur.
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46
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Mayer R, Widom J, Que L. Involvement of superoxide in the reactions of the catechol dioxygenases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980; 92:285-91. [PMID: 6243936 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(80)91550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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47
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Werringloer J, Kawano S, Chacos N, Estabrook R. The interaction of divalent copper and the microsomal electron transport system. A re-examination of the effects of copper chelates on the function of cytochrome P-450. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)86393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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48
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Pasternack RF, Skowronek WR. Catalysis of the disproportionation of superoxide by metalloporphyrins. J Inorg Biochem 1979; 11:261-7. [PMID: 229199 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(00)80022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficiencies of several metalloporphyrin complexes at catalyzing the disproportionation of superoxide have been determined at pH 10 in both carbonate and borate buffer systems. Catalytic rate constants were obtained for the iron(III) and cobalt(III) derivatives of tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphine, for tetraphenylporphinesulfonatoferrate(III) and for hemin. In addition, the effects of added bovine serum albumin and imidazole were studied. The order of catalytic efficiency is FeTMpyP greater than FeTMpyP(Im)2 greater than FeTPPS(Im)2 approximately FeTPPS approximately FeTPPS.BSA approximately Fe(EDTA) greater than or approximately CoTMpyP greater than hemin(Im)2 greater than or approximately hemin.
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Myllylä R, Schubotz LM, Weser U, Kivirikko KI. Involvement of superoxide in the prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase reactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 89:98-102. [PMID: 224878 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)90948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Lengfelder E, Fuchs C, Younes M, Weser U. Functional aspects of the superoxide dismutative action of Cu-penicillamine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 567:492-502. [PMID: 36162 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(79)90135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The superoxide dismutative action of Cu-penicillamine was examined by pulse radiolysis. The second order rate constand of the reaction wpith superoxide was 0.4 +/- o.2.10(9) M-1.s-1, comparable to the action of Fe and Mn-superoxide dismutases. No marked pH-dependence was seen. Neither ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid nor cyanide affected the catalytic action of Cu-penicillamine. The cyanide resistant reactivity as well as further X-ray photoelectron spectrometric measurements supported the suggestion of a Cu(I) stabilized sulphur radical being the active species involved in the catalysis of superoxide dismutation.
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