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Hashmi AN, Ahmed Dharejo R, Zubair UB, Khan N, Kashif I, Ajmal M, Taj R, Qamar R, Azam M. Association of dopamine β-hydroxylase polymorphism rs1611115 and serum levels with psychiatric disorders in Pakistani population. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:551-559. [PMID: 36120985 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2126774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) is a copper-containing enzyme that has an important role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis between the two neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA) and nor-adrenaline (NA). DBH functional polymorphisms are associated with multiple neuro-psychiatric conditions and are found to alter the DBH protein levels in serum affecting DBH enzymatic activity. The current study was conducted to determine the genetic and serum levels association of DBH rs1611115 functional polymorphism with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SHZ) in the Pakistani population. METHODS In total n = 1097 subjects including MDD (n = 427), BD (n = 204), SHZ (n = 134) and healthy controls (n = 332), were screened for the functional polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Univariate logistic regression analysis was applied and the results were adjusted for age and sex. The DBH levels in serum were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Mann Whitney U test was applied. RESULTS The minor allele (-1021 C > T) was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of developing BD and SHZ in both univariable and multivariable analyses. The overall total serum concentration of DBH was comparatively raised in MDD, however, in cross-comparison DBH serum levels were found markedly higher in CC homozygotes compared to TT homozygotes within the BD group. CONCLUSION The present study suggested a significant association of DBH rs1611115 with BD and SHZ and also the effect of rs1611115 on DBH serum levels in MDD and BD for the first time in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Nasir Hashmi
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raees Ahmed Dharejo
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
- WAPDA Administrative Staff College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usama Bin Zubair
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Netasha Khan
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Kashif
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Taj
- Department of Psychiatry, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Science and Technology Sector, ICESCO, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maleeha Azam
- Translational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Downs AM, McElligott ZA. Noradrenergic circuits and signaling in substance use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2022; 208:108997. [PMID: 35176286 PMCID: PMC9498225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The central noradrenergic system innervates almost all regions of the brain and, as such, is well positioned to modulate many neural circuits implicated in behaviors and physiology underlying substance use disorders. Ample pharmacological evidence demonstrates that α1, α2, and β adrenergic receptors may serve as therapeutic targets to reduce drug -seeking behavior and drug withdrawal symptoms. Further, norepinephrine is a key modulator of the stress response, and stress has been heavily implicated in reinstatement of drug taking. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of noradrenergic circuitry and noradrenergic receptor signaling in the context of opioid, alcohol, and psychostimulant use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Downs
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Zoe A McElligott
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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3
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Saitoh A, Nagayama Y, Yamada D, Makino K, Yoshioka T, Yamanaka N, Nakatani M, Takahashi Y, Yamazaki M, Shigemoto C, Ohashi M, Okano K, Omata T, Toda E, Sano Y, Takahashi H, Matsushima K, Terashima Y. Disulfiram Produces Potent Anxiolytic-Like Effects Without Benzodiazepine Anxiolytics-Related Adverse Effects in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826783. [PMID: 35330835 PMCID: PMC8940232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfiram is an FDA approved drug for the treatment of alcoholism. The drug acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme essential to alcohol metabolism. However, a recent study has demonstrated that disulfiram also potently inhibits the cytoplasmic protein FROUNT, a common regulator of chemokine receptor CCR2 and CCR5 signaling. Several studies have reported that chemokine receptors are associated with the regulation of emotional behaviors in rodents, such as anxiety. Therefore, this study was performed to clarify the effect of disulfiram on emotional behavior in rodents. The anxiolytic-like effects of disulfiram were investigated using an elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, a typical screening model for anxiolytics. Disulfiram (40 or 80 mg/kg) significantly increased the amount of time spent in the open arms of the maze and the number of open arm entries without affecting the total open arms entries. Similar results were obtained in mice treated with a selective FROUNT inhibitor, disulfiram-41 (10 mg/kg). These disulfiram-associated behavioral changes were similar to those observed following treatment with the benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam (1.5 mg/kg). Moreover, disulfiram (40 mg/kg) significantly and completely attenuated increased extracellular glutamate levels in the prelimbic-prefrontal cortex (PL-PFC) during stress exposure on the elevated open-platform. However, no effect in the EPM test was seen following administration of the selective aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor cyanamide (40 mg/kg). In contrast to diazepam, disulfiram caused no sedation effects in the open-field, coordination disorder on a rotarod, or amnesia in a Y-maze. This is the first report suggesting that disulfiram produces anxiolytic-like effects in rodents. We found that the presynaptic inhibitory effects on glutaminergic neurons in the PL-PFC may be involved in its underlying mechanism. Disulfiram could therefore be an effective and novel anxiolytic drug that does not produce benzodiazepine-related adverse effects, such as amnesia, coordination disorder, or sedation, as found with diazepam. We propose that the inhibitory activity of disulfiram against FROUNT function provides an effective therapeutic option in anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Saitoh
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nagayama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kosho Makino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nanami Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Momoka Nakatani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshino Takahashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayuna Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chihiro Shigemoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Misaki Ohashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Okano
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoki Omata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Etsuko Toda
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Sano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuya Terashima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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The why behind the high: determinants of neurocognition during acute cannabis exposure. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:439-454. [PMID: 34045693 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute cannabis intoxication may induce neurocognitive impairment and is a possible cause of human error, injury and psychological distress. One of the major concerns raised about increasing cannabis legalization and the therapeutic use of cannabis is that it will increase cannabis-related harm. However, the impairing effect of cannabis during intoxication varies among individuals and may not occur in all users. There is evidence that the neurocognitive response to acute cannabis exposure is driven by changes in the activity of the mesocorticolimbic and salience networks, can be exacerbated or mitigated by biological and pharmacological factors, varies with product formulations and frequency of use and can differ between recreational and therapeutic use. It is argued that these determinants of the cannabis-induced neurocognitive state should be taken into account when defining and evaluating levels of cannabis impairment in the legal arena, when prescribing cannabis in therapeutic settings and when informing society about the safe and responsible use of cannabis.
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Lohoff FW. Pharmacotherapies and personalized medicine for alcohol use disorder: a review. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:1117-1138. [PMID: 32807012 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent and among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Pharmacotherapies for AUD are limited, thus making identification of patient subgroups that are most likely to respond favorably crucial. In this article, pharmacogenetic research on US FDA-approved and commonly prescribed off-label medications for the treatment of AUD is comprehensively reviewed. While the field has advanced in understanding pharmacotherapies for AUD and potential genetic moderators of treatment responses, the pharmacogenetic data to guide the prescribing clinician are limited and should be interpreted with caution. Precision medicine for AUD with more beneficial treatment responses and minimal side effects remains a high priority for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics & Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, USA
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6
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Belbin O, Morgan K, Medway C, Warden D, Cortina-Borja M, van Duijn CM, Adams HHH, Frank-Garcia A, Brookes K, Sánchez-Juan P, Alvarez V, Heun R, Kölsch H, Coto E, Kehoe PG, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Bullido MJ, Ikram MA, Smith AD, Lehmann DJ. The Epistasis Project: A Multi-Cohort Study of the Effects of BDNF, DBH, and SORT1 Epistasis on Alzheimer's Disease Risk. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:1535-1547. [PMID: 30909233 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-synaptic secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from noradrenergic neurons may protect the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain from amyloid pathology. While the BDNF polymorphism (rs6265) is associated with faster cognitive decline and increased hippocampal atrophy, a replicable genetic association of BDNF with AD risk has yet to be demonstrated. This could be due to masking by underlying epistatic interactions between BDNF and other loci that encode proteins involved in moderating BDNF secretion (DBH and Sortilin). We performed a multi-cohort case-control association study of the BDNF, DBH, and SORT1 loci comprising 5,682 controls and 2,454 AD patients from Northern Europe (87% of samples) and Spain (13%). The BDNF locus was associated with increased AD risk (odds ratios; OR = 1.1-1.2, p = 0.005-0.3), an effect size that was consistent in the Northern European (OR = 1.1-1.2, p = 0.002-0.8) but not the smaller Spanish (OR = 0.8-1.6, p = 0.4-1.0) subset. A synergistic interaction between BDNF and sex (synergy factor; SF = 1.3-1.5 p = 0.002-0.02) translated to a greater risk of AD associated with BDNF in women (OR = 1.2-1.3, p = 0.007-0.00008) than men (OR = 0.9-1.0, p = 0.3-0.6). While the DBH polymorphism (rs1611115) was also associated with increased AD risk (OR = 1.1, p = 0.04) the synergistic interaction (SF = 2.2, p = 0.007) between BDNF (rs6265) and DBH (rs1611115) contributed greater AD risk than either gene alone, an effect that was greater in women (SF = 2.4, p = 0.04) than men (SF = 2.0, p = 0.2). These data support a complex genetic interaction at loci encoding proteins implicated in the DBH-BDNF inflammatory pathway that modifies AD risk, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Belbin
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Chris Medway
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Donald Warden
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA), University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Clinical Epidemiology, Nutrition and Biostatistics, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Frank-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Keeley Brookes
- Human Genetics School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.,Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Victoria Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Genética, AGC Laboratorio de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Kölsch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Laboratorio de Genética, AGC Laboratorio de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- Dementia Research Group, Bristol Medical School Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.,Neurology Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Maria J Bullido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A David Smith
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA), University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK
| | - Donald J Lehmann
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA), University Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, UK
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Tunbridge EM, Narajos M, Harrison CH, Beresford C, Cipriani A, Harrison PJ. Which Dopamine Polymorphisms Are Functional? Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of COMT, DAT, DBH, DDC, DRD1-5, MAOA, MAOB, TH, VMAT1, and VMAT2. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:608-620. [PMID: 31303260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many polymorphisms in dopamine genes are reported to affect cognitive, imaging, or clinical phenotypes. It is often inferred or assumed that such associations are causal, mediated by a direct effect of the polymorphism on the gene product itself. However, the supporting evidence is not always clear. METHODS We conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses to assess the empirical evidence for functional polymorphisms in genes encoding dopaminergic enzymes (COMT, DBH, DDC, MAOA, MAOB, and TH), dopamine receptors (DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, and DRD5), the dopamine transporter (DAT), and vesicular transporters (VMAT1 and VMAT2). We defined functionality as an effect of the polymorphism on the expression, abundance, activity, or affinity of the gene product. RESULTS We screened 22,728 articles and identified 255 eligible studies. We found robust and medium to large effects for polymorphisms in 4 genes. For catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), the Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680) markedly affected enzyme activity, protein abundance, and protein stability. Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was associated with rs1611115, rs2519152, and the DBH-STR polymorphism. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) activity was associated with a 5' VNTR polymorphism. Dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) binding was influenced by the Taq1A (rs1800497) polymorphism, and rs1076560 affected DRD2 splicing. CONCLUSIONS Some widely studied dopaminergic polymorphisms clearly and substantially affect the abundance or activity of the encoded gene product. However, for other polymorphisms, evidence of such an association is negative, inconclusive, or lacking. These findings are relevant when selecting polymorphisms as "markers" of dopamine function, and for interpreting the biological plausibility of associations between these polymorphisms and aspects of brain function or dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Tunbridge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Narajos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charles Beresford
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Ragia G, Veresies I, Veresie L, Veresies K, Manolopoulos VG. Association study of DRD2 A2/A1, DRD3 Ser9Gly, DβH -1021C>T, OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A polymorphisms with alcohol dependence. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2017; 31:143-50. [PMID: 27447243 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reinforcing effects of alcohol are mediated through complex interactions between multiple neurochemical systems. Genes of dopaminergic (DRD2, DRD3 and DβH), opioid (OPRM1) and glutaminergic (GRIK1) systems mediate the dependent behavior via different mechanisms; however, they all target the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways in the ventral tegmental area. METHODS In the present study, DRD2 A2/A1, DRD3 Ser9Gly, DβH -1021C>T, OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A polymorphisms and their interactions were analyzed in 72 alcohol-dependent patients and 74 controls of Greek-Cypriot origin, using the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS No differences were found in the genotype or allele distribution of DRD2 A2/A1, DRD3 Ser9Gly, DβH -1021C>T, OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A between alcohol-dependent patients and controls. Additionally, we did not find any gene×gene interactions in association with alcohol dependence in the studied population. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol dependence is a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In the present study, we have shown that DRD2 A2/A1, DRD3 Ser9Gly, DβH -1021C>T, OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A are not associated with this dependent behavior alone or in interaction.
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Deep sequencing identifies novel regulatory variants in the distal promoter region of the dopamine-β-hydroxylase gene. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2016; 26:311-23. [DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Yang BZ, Balodis IM, Lacadie CM, Xu J, Potenza MN. A Preliminary Study of DBH (Encoding Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase) Genetic Variation and Neural Correlates of Emotional and Motivational Processing in Individuals With and Without Pathological Gambling. J Behav Addict 2016; 5:282-92. [PMID: 27194378 PMCID: PMC5387779 DOI: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Corticostriatal-limbic neurocircuitry, emotional and motivational processing, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems and genetic factors have all been implicated in pathological gambling (PG). However, allelic variants of genes influencing dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitters have not been investigated with respect to the neural correlates of emotional and motivational states in PG. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine; the T allele of a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1611115 (C-1021T) in the DBH gene is associated with less DBH activity and has been linked to emotional processes and addiction. Here, we investigate the influence of rs1611115 on the neural correlates of emotional and motivational processing in PG and healthy comparison (HC) participants. Methods While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, 18 PG and 25 HC participants, all European Americans, viewed gambling-, sad-, and cocaine-related videotapes. Analyses focused on brain activation differences related to DBH genotype (CC/T-carrier [i.e., CT and TT]) and condition (sad/gambling/cocaine). Results CC participants demonstrated greater recruitment of corticostriatal-limbic regions, relative to T-carriers. DBH variants were also associated with altered corticostriatal-limbic activations across the different videotape conditions, and this association appeared to be driven by greater activation in CC participants relative to T-carriers during the sad condition. CC relative to T-carrier subjects also reported greater subjective sadness to the sad videotapes. Conclusions Individual differences in genetic composition linked to aminergic function contribute significantly to emotional regulation across diagnostic groups and warrant further investigation in PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Iris M. Balodis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cheryl M. Lacadie
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiansong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,CASAColumbia, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA,Corresponding author: Marc N. Potenza, MD, PhD; Connecticut Mental Health Center, Room S-104, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Phone: +1 203 974 7365; Fax: +1 203 974 7366; E-mail:
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11
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Cubells JF, Schroeder JP, Barrie ES, Manvich DF, Sadee W, Berg T, Mercer K, Stowe TA, Liles LC, Squires KE, Mezher A, Curtin P, Perdomo DL, Szot P, Weinshenker D. Human Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Transgenesis Fully Rescues Noradrenergic Function in Dopamine β-Hydroxylase Knockout Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154864. [PMID: 27148966 PMCID: PMC4857931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) converts dopamine (DA) to norepinephrine (NE) in noradrenergic/adrenergic cells. DBH deficiency prevents NE production and causes sympathetic failure, hypotension and ptosis in humans and mice; DBH knockout (Dbh -/-) mice reveal other NE deficiency phenotypes including embryonic lethality, delayed growth, and behavioral defects. Furthermore, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human DBH gene promoter (-970C>T; rs1611115) is associated with variation in serum DBH activity and with several neurological- and neuropsychiatric-related disorders, although its impact on DBH expression is controversial. Phenotypes associated with DBH deficiency are typically treated with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS), which can be converted to NE by aromatic acid decarboxylase (AADC) in the absence of DBH. In this study, we generated transgenic mice carrying a human bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) encompassing the DBH coding locus as well as ~45 kb of upstream and ~107 kb of downstream sequence to address two issues. First, we characterized the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, physiological, and behavioral transgenic rescue of DBH deficiency by crossing the BAC onto a Dbh -/- background. Second, we compared human DBH mRNA abundance between transgenic lines carrying either a "C" or a "T" at position -970. The BAC transgene drove human DBH mRNA expression in a pattern indistinguishable from the endogenous gene, restored normal catecholamine levels to the peripheral organs and brain of Dbh -/- mice, and fully rescued embryonic lethality, delayed growth, ptosis, reduced exploratory activity, and seizure susceptibility. In some cases, transgenic rescue was superior to DOPS. However, allelic variation at the rs1611115 SNP had no impact on mRNA levels in any tissue. These results indicate that the human BAC contains all of the genetic information required for tissue-specific, functional expression of DBH and can rescue all measured Dbh deficiency phenotypes, but did not reveal an impact of the rs11115 variant on DBH expression in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Cubells
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory Autism Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jason P. Schroeder
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth S. Barrie
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daniel F. Manvich
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Tiina Berg
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kristina Mercer
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Taylor A. Stowe
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - L. Cameron Liles
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Katherine E. Squires
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew Mezher
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patrick Curtin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dannie L. Perdomo
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patricia Szot
- MIRECC, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Kashem MA, Ahmed S, Sultana N, Ahmed EU, Pickford R, Rae C, Šerý O, McGregor IS, Balcar VJ. Metabolomics of Neurotransmitters and Related Metabolites in Post-Mortem Tissue from the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum of Alcoholic Human Brain. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:385-97. [PMID: 26801172 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report on changes in neurotransmitter metabolome and protein expression in the striatum of humans exposed to heavy long-term consumption of alcohol. Extracts from post mortem striatal tissue (dorsal striatum; DS comprising caudate nucleus; CN and putamen; P and ventral striatum; VS constituted by nucleus accumbens; NAc) were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomics was studied in CN by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass-spectrometry. Proteomics identified 25 unique molecules expressed differently by the alcohol-affected tissue. Two were dopamine-related proteins and one a GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD65. Two proteins that are related to apoptosis and/or neuronal loss (BiD and amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 3) were increased. There were no differences in the levels of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydrophenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin (5HT), homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA), histamine, L-glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Tryp) between the DS (CN and P) and VS (NAc) in control brains. Choline (Ch) and acetylcholine (Ach) were higher and norepinephrine (NE) lower, in the VS. Alcoholic striata had lower levels of neurotransmitters except for Glu (30 % higher in the alcoholic ventral striatum). Ratios of DOPAC/DA and HIAA/5HT were higher in alcoholic striatum indicating an increase in the DA and 5HT turnover. Glutathione was significantly reduced in all three regions of alcohol-affected striatum. We conclude that neurotransmitter systems in both the DS (CN and P) and the VS (NAc) were significantly influenced by long-term heavy alcohol intake associated with alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abul Kashem
- Lab of Neurochemistry, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute for Biomedical Research and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Anderson Stuart Bldg F13, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Selina Ahmed
- Lab of Psychopharmacology, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Nilufa Sultana
- Lab of Neurochemistry, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute for Biomedical Research and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Anderson Stuart Bldg F13, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Eakhlas U Ahmed
- Lab of Psychopharmacology, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, NeuRA, NSW University, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Caroline Rae
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Omar Šerý
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iain S McGregor
- Lab of Psychopharmacology, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Vladimir J Balcar
- Lab of Neurochemistry, Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute for Biomedical Research and School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, Anderson Stuart Bldg F13, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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13
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Pharmacogenetics of alcohol use disorders and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:121-9. [PMID: 26455758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) represent a significant health burden worldwide. Currently, there are three medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of AUDs, and other drugs are being prescribed off-label for this purpose. However, response rates for pharmacologic treatment are low, and extant research suggests that treatment effects may partially depend on genetic factors. Personalized medicine, or using a patient's genetics and/or personal history to determine efficacy of treatment prior to prescription, is an emerging tool that will help clinicians treat their patients more effectively and safely. This review systematically discusses current findings from AUD pharmacotherapy trials examining disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, the injectable naltrexone, and topiramate. Furthermore, it presents pharmacogenetics findings associated with these medications in an attempt to further the field of personalized medicine. Research from trials examining AUDs and comorbid major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders is also presented, and pharmacogenetic findings for these treatments are discussed. Lastly, the authors comment on the present and future states of the field of personalized medicine for AUD.
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14
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Kibitov AO, Voskoboeva EY, Chuprova NA. [The 444G/A and -1021 C/T polymorphisms of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase gene modulate the trajectory of alcohol dependence development]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:68-75. [PMID: 26356164 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151155168-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the influence of 444 G/A (rs 1108580) and -1021 C/T (rs 1611115) polymorphisms of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene on clinical parameters of the trajectory of alcohol dependence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Authors studied 548 male inpatients, of Slavic ethnicity, with ICD-10 diagnosis of «alcohol dependence» (F-10.2). RESULTS The effects of DBH * 444 G/A on the rate of formation of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), and DBH *-1021C/T on the age of onset of alcohol abuse with significant role of the age of first alcohol use were identified. In 444 G/A GG carriers, the development of AWS was accelerated since the beginning of alcohol abuse compared with AA carriers (p=0.026), AG carriers occupied an intermediate position. In 22.5% of GG carriers, AWS developed within 2 years (AA: 8.11%, p=0.005; AG: 17.67%, p=0.04). According to the results of linear regression analysis, in AG carriers the alcohol abuse (p=0.037) and the AWS (p=0.049) developed earlier than in AA carriers if the first alcohol use occured at the age of about 15 years. Among -1021C/T genotype carriers who began to abuse alcohol at an early age (before 20 years), there were 23.45% patients with CC genotype and only 11.97% with a T allele (genotypes CT+TT) (p=0.03), but T carriers began to abuse alcohol earlier than others (p=0.05) if the first alcohol use occurred at the age of about 16 years. CONCLUSION The results can be used to search for genetic markers for prognosis of alcohol dependence development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Kibitov
- National Research Centre on Addictions, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - E Yu Voskoboeva
- National Research Centre on Addictions, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - N A Chuprova
- National Research Centre on Addictions, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
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15
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A review of pharmacogenetic studies of substance-related disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 152:1-14. [PMID: 25819021 PMCID: PMC4458176 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance-related disorders (SRDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Family, twin, and adoption studies have demonstrated the substantial heritability of SRDs. To determine the impact of genetic variation on risk for SRD and the response to treatment, researchers have conducted a number of secondary data analyses and quasi-experimental studies that target one or more candidate gene variants. METHODS This review examines studies in which candidate polymorphisms were examined as mediator variables to identify pharmacogenetic effects on subjective responses to drug administration or cues or outcomes of medication trials for SRDs. Efforts to use a meta-analytic approach to quantify these effects are premature because the number of available studies using similar methods and outcomes is limited, so the present review is qualitative. RESULTS Findings from these studies provide preliminary evidence of clinically relevant pharmacogenetic effects. However, independent replication of these findings has been sparse. CONCLUSIONS Although this growing body of literature has produced conflicting results, improved statistical controls may help to clarify the findings. Additionally, the use of empirically derived sub-phenotypes (i.e., which serve to differentiate distinct groups of affected individuals) may also help to identify genetic mediators of pharmacologic response in relation to SRDs. The identification of genetic mediators can inform clinical care both by identifying risk factors for SRDs and predicting adverse events and therapeutic outcomes associated with specific pharmacotherapies.
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Nedic Erjavec G, Nenadic Sviglin K, Nikolac Perkovic M, Muck-Seler D, Jovanovic T, Pivac N. Association of gene polymorphisms encoding dopaminergic system components and platelet MAO-B activity with alcohol dependence and alcohol dependence-related phenotypes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:321-7. [PMID: 25035107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the association of alcohol dependence and alcohol dependence-related phenotypes with platelet monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) activity, Val108/158Met of catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT), variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the third exon of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene, VNTR in the 3'-untranslated region of dopamine transporter (DAT) gene, -1021C/T of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and MAO-B intron 13 polymorphisms. The study included 1270 Caucasian men and women of Croatian origin: 690 patients with alcohol dependence and 580 healthy controls. Patients with alcohol dependence were subdivided according to the presence or absence of withdrawal symptoms, aggressive behavior, severity of alcohol dependence, delirium tremens, comorbid depression, suicidal behavior, lifetime suicide attempt and early/late onset of alcohol abuse. The results, corrected for multiple testing, revealed increased platelet MAO-B activity in patients with alcohol dependence, subdivided into those with or without alcohol-related liver diseases, compared to control subjects (P<0.001). In addition, we found an increased frequency of the COMT Met/Met genotype among suicidal (P=0.002) and patients who attempted suicide (P<0.001) and an increased frequency of COMT Val/Val genotype in patients with an early onset of alcohol dependence (P=0.004). This study provides data from a sample of ethnically homogeneous unrelated Caucasian subjects for future meta-analyses and suggests that the increased platelet MAO-B activity might be used as independent peripheral indicator of alcohol dependence, while COMT Val108/158Met polymorphism is associated with increased suicidality and early onset of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Korona Nenadic Sviglin
- Center for Alcoholism and Other Addictions, Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Dorotea Muck-Seler
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Lu N, Chen J, Yuan Y, Cong X, Yang Y, Meng L, Sun K, Hui R, Zheng Y. The C-1021T polymorphism of dopamine β-hydroxylase is not associated with orthostatic hypotension in a Chinese population. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:173-8. [PMID: 24990418 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To explore the association between the dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) gene C-1021T polymorphism and the occurrence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) in Chinese patients, the DBH C-1021T polymorphism was genotyped in 317 patients with OH and 664 age- and sex-matched controls with orthostatic normotension. All subjects underwent an upright posture study for the measurement of orthostatic blood pressure. OH was defined as a drop in blood pressure of 20/10 mm Hg or more within 3 min of assuming the upright posture. The allele frequency of the DBH C-1021T polymorphism in the orthostatic hypotensive group was similar to the orthostatic normotensive group (17.4 versus 14.9%, P>0.05). No statistical significant association was found between the distribution of the C-1021T genotypes and the risk of OH in both the orthostatic hypotensive and orthostatic normotensive groups even after adjustment for demographic parameters. Among the three different genotypes, blood pressure levels did not significantly differ in the general population in this study. The changes in orthostatic systolic or diastolic blood pressures among the different genotype groups were not detected (all P>0.05). The C-1021T polymorphism of the DBH was not associated with orthostatic hypotensive risk in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lu
- The Pediatric Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Chen
- Hypertension Division, The Sino-German Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Yuan
- The Anesthesiology Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Cong
- The Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Y Yang
- The Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - L Meng
- The Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - K Sun
- Hypertension Division, The Sino-German Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - R Hui
- Hypertension Division, The Sino-German Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zheng
- The Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Zhou Y, Wang J, He Y, Zhou J, Xi Q, Song X, Ye Y, Ying B. Association Between Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase 19-bp Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Major Depressive Disorder. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:367-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Arias AJ, Gelernter J, Gueorguieva R, Ralevski E, Petrakis IL. Pharmacogenetics of naltrexone and disulfiram in alcohol dependent, dually diagnosed veterans. Am J Addict 2014; 23:288-93. [PMID: 24724887 PMCID: PMC4600600 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disulfiram and naltrexone were evaluated in treatment of individuals with co-occurring alcohol dependence and other Axis I disorders (e.g., Major Depression). We explored pharmacogenetic interactions in genotyped subjects. METHODS Alcohol dependent (AD) subjects received naltrexone alone, placebo alone, disulfiram with placebo or disulfiram with naltrexone. They were genotyped for OPRM1 rs1799971 (Asn40Asp), and DBH rs1611115 (C-1021T). N = 107 male European-American subjects were included. RESULTS There were no significant interactions with OPRM1. DBH interacted with naltrexone on the primary outcome of abstinence from heavy drinking (χ(2) (1) = 5.23, p = .02). "T" allele carriers on naltrexone had more abstinence compared to "CC" subjects on naltrexone (FET, p = .01). "T" allele carriers on naltrexone had the highest overall rates of abstinence from heavy drinking (>90%). Also, DBH genotype interacted with disulfram (F(1,17) = 7.52, p = .01) on drinks per drinking day with less drinking for subjects with the "CC" genotype than for T allele carriers on disulfiram. CONCLUSIONS DBH*rs1611115*T associated with better response to naltrexone, while for those on disulfiram that drank, "CC" subjects drank less than T carriers. For rs1799971*G, we did not replicate findings from previous studies showing a more favorable response to NTX, possibly due to the small available sample. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Genotyping rs1611115 may be useful in understanding inter-individual differences in AD treatment response. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further study of rs1611115 pharmacogenetics is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J. Arias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, New Haven , CT
| | - Elizabeth Ralevski
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Ismene L. Petrakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
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20
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Polymorphisms in genes encoding dopamine signalling pathway and risk of alcohol dependence: a systematic review. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2014; 26:69-80. [PMID: 24983092 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2013.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence (AD) is one of the major elements that significantly influence drinking pattern that provoke the alcohol-induced organ damage. The structural and neurophysiologic abnormalities in the frontal lobes of chronic alcoholics were revealed by magnetic resonance imaging scans. It is well known that candidate genes involved in dopaminergic pathway are of immense interest to the researchers engaged in a wide range of addictive disorders. Dopaminergic pathway gene polymorphisms are being extensively studied with respect to addictive and behavioral disorders. METHODS From the broad literature available, the current review summarizes the specific polymorphisms of dopaminergic genes that play a role in alcohol dependence. RESULTS No evidence indicating any strong association between AD and polymorphisms of dopamine pathway genes has emerged from the literature. DISCUSSION Further studies are warranted, considering a range of alcohol-related traits to determine the genes that influence alcohol dependence.
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21
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Preuss UW, Wurst FM, Ridinger M, Rujescu D, Fehr C, Koller G, Bondy B, Wodarz N, Soyka M, Zill P. Association of functional DBH genetic variants with alcohol dependence risk and related depression and suicide attempt phenotypes: results from a large multicenter association study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 133:459-67. [PMID: 23906995 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) metabolizes the conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline. DBH, located on chromosome 9q34.2 has variants with potential functional consequences which may be related to alterations of neurotransmitter function and several psychiatric phenotypes, including alcohol dependence (AD), depression (MD) and suicidal behavior (SA). The aim of this association study in a large multicenter sample of alcohol-dependent individuals and controls is to investigate the role of DBH SNPs and haplotypes in AD risk and associated phenotypes (AD with MD or SA). METHOD 1606 inpatient subjects with DSM-IV AD from four addiction treatment centers and 1866 control subjects were included. Characteristics of AD, MD and SA were obtained using standardized structured interviews. After subjects were genotyped for 4 DBH polymorphisms, single SNP case-control and haplotype analyses were conducted. RESULTS rs1611115 (near 5') C-allele and related haplotypes were significantly associated with alcohol dependence in females. This association with female alcohol dependence also accounts for the significant relationship between this variant and comorbid conditions and traits. CONCLUSIONS This study presents evidence for a potentially functional DBH variant influencing the risk for alcohol dependence while other comorbid conditions are not independently influenced by this SNP. However, the study also supports the possible role of the dopamine system in the etiology of female alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- U W Preuss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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22
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Polymorphisms in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and dopamine β hydroxylase genes are not associated with Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 121:427-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Association between 1603C>T polymorphism of DBH gene and bipolar disorder in a Turkish population. Gene 2013; 519:356-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Xie X, Xu L, Liu H, Chen W, Zhuang D, Zhang J, Duan S, Zhou W. Positive association between--1021TT genotype of dopamine beta hydroxylase gene and progressive behavior of injection heroin users. Neurosci Lett 2013; 541:258-62. [PMID: 23510745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
By balancing the ratios of dopamine and norepinephrine, dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) plays an important role in brain reward circuit that is involved with behavioral effects of heroin addiction. DBH -1021C/T (rs1611115) is a functional variant with strong correlation with plasma DBH activity and several nerval and psychic disorders. In the present study, we have collected 333 male cases with heroin addiction and 200 male healthy controls to explore the role of -1021C/T in heroin addiction. There is no evidence of association between -1021C/T and heroin addiction on both genotype and allele levels (P>0.05). In the injection subgroup of cases, -1021TT carriers have longer heroin addiction time (P<0.001) and higher dosage of self-administered heroin (P=0.045) than carriers with -1021CC or -1021CT, suggesting that patients with TT genotype are likely to have more progressive style of heroin users with injection route. In conclusion, our results support -1021TT genotype may be implicated with a more progressive nature of heroin addiction, although DBH -1021C/T is unlikely to be involved in the risk of heroin addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Xie
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
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25
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Kosten TR, Domingo CB, Hamon SC, Nielsen DA. DBH gene as predictor of response in a cocaine vaccine clinical trial. Neurosci Lett 2013; 541:29-33. [PMID: 23458673 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We examined a pharmacogenetic association of the dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) gene with a response to an anti-cocaine vaccine that was tested in a recent clinical trial. This gene is associated with cocaine-induced paranoia, which has a slower onset than the euphoria from cocaine. The vaccine reduced euphoria by slowing the entry of cocaine into the brain, but it may not reduce aversive symptoms like paranoia. A 16-week Phase IIb randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 114 cocaine and opioid dependent subjects who received five vaccinations over the first 12 weeks was examined. We genotyped 71 subjects for the rs1611115 (-1021C>T) variant of the DBH gene and compared vaccine to placebo subjects on cocaine-free urines. Using repeated measures analysis of variance, corrected for population structure, vaccine pharmacotherapy reduced cocaine positive urines significantly based on DBH genotype. Patients with the low DβH level genotype dropped from 77% to 51% on vaccine (p=0.0001), while those with the normal DβH level genotype dropped from 83% to 72%. Placebo showed no effect on cocaine use overall or by genotype. This study indicates that a patient's DBH genotype could be used to identify a subset of individuals for whom vaccine treatment may be an effective pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Kosten
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E. DeBakey V.A. Medical Center, MEDVAMC, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Research 151, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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26
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Pharmacogenetic randomized trial for cocaine abuse: disulfiram and dopamine β-hydroxylase. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:219-24. [PMID: 22906516 PMCID: PMC3514624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disulfiram has been an effective cocaine addiction pharmacotherapy, and one of its possible mechanisms of efficacy is through copper chelation and inhibition of an enzyme involved in catecholamine metabolism, dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), which converts dopamine to norepinephrine. A variant in the gene encoding DβH leads to reduced DβH activity, and as such, disulfiram might not be an effective treatment of cocaine dependence for individuals with this variant. This study explored that potential matching. METHODS Seventy-four cocaine- and opioid-codependent (DSM-V) subjects were stabilized on methadone for 2 weeks and subsequently randomized into disulfiram (250 mg/day, n = 34) and placebo groups (n = 40) for 10 weeks. We genotyped the DBH gene polymorphism, -1021C/T (rs1611115), that reduces DβH enzyme levels and evaluated its role for increasing cocaine free urines with disulfiram. RESULTS With repeated measures analysis of variance, corrected for population structure, disulfiram pharmacotherapy reduced cocaine-positive urines from 80% to 62% (p = .0001), and this disulfiram efficacy differed by DBH genotype group. Patients with the normal DβH level genotype dropped from 84% to 56% on disulfiram (p = .0001), whereas those with the low DBH level genotype showed no disulfiram effect. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the DBH genotype of a patient could be used to identify a subset of individuals for which disulfiram treatment might be an effective pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence.
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No significant association between genetic variants in 7 candidate genes and response to methylphenidate treatment in adult patients with ADHD. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2012; 32:820-3. [PMID: 23131881 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e318270e727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Results from pharmacogenetic investigations of methylphenidate (MPH) response in patients with ADHD are still inconsistent, especially among adults. This study investigates the role of genetic variants (SLC6A4, HTR1B, TPH2, DBH, DRD4, COMT, and SNAP25) in the response to MPH in a sample of 164 adults. Genes were chosen owing to previous evidence for an influence in ADHD susceptibility. No significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies between MPH responders and nonresponders were detected. In conclusion, our findings do not support an effect of these genes in the pharmacogenetics of MPH among adults with ADHD.
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The Effects of DBH, MAOA, and MAOB on Attentional Biases for Facial Expressions. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 49:606-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Klintschar M, Heimbold C. No association of SIDS with two polymorphisms in genes relevant for the noradrenergic system: COMT and DBH. Acta Paediatr 2012; 101:1079-82. [PMID: 22765285 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2012.02764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Recent research suggests that genetic variance determining the strength of noradrenergic transmitting might contribute to the aetiology of SIDS. We have typed 2 functional polymorphisms of relevance for both biosynthesis and catabolism of noradrenalin: The Val158Met single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the Catechol-O-methyl transferase gene (COMT) and the 1021C/T SNP of the dopamine dehydroxylase gene (DBH). METHODS COMT and DBH were typed in 171 and 196 SIDS cases and 213 and 244 controls, respectively, using PCR followed by digestion with restriction enzymes. Typing was performed using a QIAxcel automatic electrophoresis unit. RESULTS Both SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and for none of these polymorphisms, an association with SIDS could be demonstrated. The allelic frequencies of the DBH locus were C: 78.32% and T: 21.68% in SIDS and C: 77.66% and T: 22.34% in controls. For the COMT locus, the allelic frequencies were A: 51.17% and G: 48.83% in SIDS and A: 52.82% and G: 47.18% in controls. CONCLUSION Despite these negative results, the noradrenergic system is still an attractive candidate as modulator of SIDS risk to our eyes. There are several genes involved in this system that have not been studied up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klintschar
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany.
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Chen C, Chen C, Moyzis R, He Q, Li H, Li J, Zhu B, Lessard J, Stern H, Dong Q. Genetic variations in the dopaminergic system and alcohol use: a system-level analysis. Addict Biol 2012; 17:479-89. [PMID: 21812867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use is highly heritable and has been associated with many gene variants, including those related to dopamine (DA). However, single gene association studies have shown inconsistent and small effects. Using a system-level approach, the current study aimed to estimate the overall effect of genetic variations in the DA system on alcohol use among male drinkers. One hundred seventy-six male college students who reported to have ever drunk alcohol were enrolled. Alcohol use was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Ninety-eight representative polymorphisms in all major DA neurotransmitter genes were genotyped. Using analysis of variance, we identified six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s that made statistically significant contributions to alcohol use. Next, main effects and interactions of these SNPs were assessed using multiple regression. The final model accounted for approximately 20% of the variance for alcohol use. Finally, permutation analyses ascertained the probability of obtaining these findings by chance to be low, p ranging from 0.024 to 0.048. These results confirmed that DA-related gene variants made strong contributions to reported alcohol use and suggest that multiple regression can be a promising way to explore the genetic basis for multi-gene-determined human behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Sturgess JE, George TP, Kennedy JL, Heinz A, Müller DJ. Pharmacogenetics of alcohol, nicotine and drug addiction treatments. Addict Biol 2011; 16:357-76. [PMID: 21362114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The numerous premature deaths, medical complications and socio-economic repercussions of drug and alcohol addiction suggest that improvements in treatment strategies for addictive disorders are warranted. The use of pharmacogenetics to predict response to medication, side effects and appropriate dosages is relatively new in the field of drug addiction. However, increasing our understanding of the genetic factors influencing these processes may improve the treatment of addiction in the future. We examined the available scientific literature on pharmacogenetic advancements in the field of drug addiction with a focus on alcohol and tobacco to provide a summary of genes implicated in the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for addiction. In addition, we reviewed pharmacogenetic research on cocaine and heroin dependence. Thus far, the most promising results were obtained for polymorphisms in the OPRM1 and CYP2A6 genes, which have been effective in predicting clinical response to naltrexone in alcoholism and nicotine replacement therapy in smoking, respectively. Opinions differ as to whether pharmacogenetic testing should be implemented in the clinic at this time because clinical utility and cost-effectiveness require further investigation. However, the data summarized in this review demonstrate that pharmacogenetic factors play a role in response to addiction pharmacotherapy and have the potential to aid in the personalization of addiction treatments. Such data may lead to improved cessation rates by allowing physicians to select medications for individuals based, at least in part, on genetic factors that predispose to treatment success or failure rather than on a trial and error basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Sturgess
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Experienced Acetaldehyde Reaction Does Not Improve Treatment Response in Outpatients Treated With Supervised Disulfiram. Clin Neuropharmacol 2011; 34:161-5. [DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0b013e3182216fd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cubells JF, Sun X, Li W, Bonsall RW, McGrath JA, Avramopoulos D, Lasseter VK, Wolyniec PS, Tang YL, Mercer K, Pulver AE, Elston RC. Linkage analysis of plasma dopamine β-hydroxylase activity in families of patients with schizophrenia. Hum Genet 2011; 130:635-43. [PMID: 21509519 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-0989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. DβH enters the plasma after vesicular release from sympathetic neurons and the adrenal medulla. Plasma DβH activity (pDβH) varies widely among individuals, and genetic inheritance regulates that variation. Linkage studies suggested strong linkage of pDβH to ABO on 9q34, and positive evidence for linkage to the complement fixation locus on 19p13.2-13.3. Subsequent association studies strongly supported DBH, which maps adjacent to ABO, as the locus regulating a large proportion of the heritable variation in pDβH. Prior studies have suggested that variation in pDβH, or genetic variants at DβH, associate with differences in expression of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and other idiopathic or drug-induced brain disorders, suggesting that DBH might be a genetic modifier of psychotic symptoms. As a first step toward investigating that hypothesis, we performed linkage analysis on pDβH in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives. The results strongly confirm linkage of markers at DBH to pDβH under several models (maximum multipoint LOD score, 6.33), but find no evidence to support linkage anywhere on chromosome 19. Accounting for the contributions to the linkage signal of three SNPs at DBH, rs1611115, rs1611122, and rs6271 reduced but did not eliminate the linkage peak, whereas accounting for all SNPs near DBH eliminated the signal entirely. Analysis of markers genome-wide uncovered positive evidence for linkage between markers at chromosome 20p12 (multi-point LOD = 3.1 at 27.2 cM). The present results provide the first direct evidence for linkage between DBH and pDβH, suggest that rs1611115, rs1611122, rs6271 and additional unidentified variants at or near DBH contribute to the genetic regulation of pDβH, and suggest that a locus near 20p12 also influences pDβH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Cubells
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, GA, USA.
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Tang YL, Li W, Mercer K, Bradley B, Gillespie CF, Bonsall R, Ressler KJ, Cubells JF. Genotype-controlled analysis of serum dopamine β-hydroxylase activity in civilian post-traumatic stress disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:1396-401. [PMID: 20621148 PMCID: PMC2974949 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norepinephrine (NE) plays a central role in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) converts dopamine (DA) to NE and its activity varies widely across individuals. Mustapic et al. (2007) reported a PTSD-associated deficit in serum DβH activity in a genotype-controlled analysis of combat veterans. We tested whether such a deficit would occur in a sample of civilians. METHODS The severity of current adult PTSD symptoms and current DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD were determined by the PTSD Symptom Scale (PSS). Adulthood trauma exposure was assessed using the Traumatic Experience Inventory (TEI). Serum DβH activity (sDβH) was assayed by HPLC with electrochemical detection and genotypes were determined using the Taqman® platform. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty seven African American (AA) subjects were enrolled in this study, with a mean age (±SD) of 42.9 (±12.9) years. We found a strong association between rs1611115 genotype and sDβH (p<0.0001). After controlling for adulthood trauma exposure, there were no significant differences of sDβH between subjects who met a PTSD diagnosis and those who did not (p>0.05) in any genotype group. No significant correlations were found between sDβH and PTSD severity, but sDβH significantly associated with the status of comorbid depression based on the cutoff of HAMD (p=0.014) in subjects with PTSD. CONCLUSIONS We have replicated in this sample the prior finding that DBH rs1611115 genotype strongly associates with sDβH. No associations between sDβH and PTSD diagnosis or symptom severity were found in this civilian sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-lang Tang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Wenbiao Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
- Atlanta VA Medical Center
| | - Charles F. Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Robert Bonsall
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center
| | - Joseph F. Cubells
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
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The dopamine β-hydroxylase -1021C/T polymorphism is associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease in the Epistasis Project. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:162. [PMID: 21070631 PMCID: PMC2994840 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The loss of noradrenergic neurones of the locus coeruleus is a major feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) catalyses the conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline. Interactions have been reported between the low-activity -1021T allele (rs1611115) of DBH and polymorphisms of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, IL1A and IL6, contributing to the risk of AD. We therefore examined the associations with AD of the DBH -1021T allele and of the above interactions in the Epistasis Project, with 1757 cases of AD and 6294 elderly controls. Methods We genotyped eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the three genes, DBH, IL1A and IL6. We used logistic regression models and synergy factor analysis to examine potential interactions and associations with AD. Results We found that the presence of the -1021T allele was associated with AD: odds ratio = 1.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.4, p = 0.005). This association was nearly restricted to men < 75 years old: odds ratio = 2.2 (1.4-3.3, 0.0004). We also found an interaction between the presence of DBH -1021T and the -889TT genotype (rs1800587) of IL1A: synergy factor = 1.9 (1.2-3.1, 0.005). All these results were consistent between North Europe and North Spain. Conclusions Extensive, previous evidence (reviewed here) indicates an important role for noradrenaline in the control of inflammation in the brain. Thus, the -1021T allele with presumed low activity may be associated with misregulation of inflammation, which could contribute to the onset of AD. We suggest that such misregulation is the predominant mechanism of the association we report here.
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Haile CN, Kosten TR, Kosten TA. Pharmacogenetic treatments for drug addiction: cocaine, amphetamine and methamphetamine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2009; 35:161-77. [PMID: 19462300 DOI: 10.1080/00952990902825447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacogenetics uses genetic variation to predict individual differences in response to medications and holds much promise to improve treatment of addictive disorders. OBJECTIVES To review how genetic variation affects responses to cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine and how this information may guide pharmacotherapy. METHODS We performed a cross-referenced literature search on pharmacogenetics, cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine. RESULTS We describe functional genetic variants for enzymes dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and dopamine transporter (DAT1), dopamine D4 receptor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; C-1021T) in the DbetaH gene is relevant to paranoia associated with disulfiram pharmacotherapy for cocaine addiction. Individuals with variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) of the SLC6A3 gene 3'-untranslated region polymorphism of DAT1 have altered responses to drugs. The 10/10 repeat respond poorly to methylphenidate pharmacotherapy and the 9/9 DAT1 variant show blunted euphoria and physiological response to amphetamine. COMT, D4 receptor, and BDNF polymorphisms are linked to methamphetamine abuse and psychosis. CONCLUSIONS Disulfiram and methylphenidate pharmacotherapies for cocaine addiction are optimized by considering polymorphisms affecting DbetaH and DAT1 respectively. Altered subjective effects for amphetamine in DAT1 VNTR variants suggest a 'protected' phenotype. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Pharmacogenetic-based treatments for psychostimulant addiction are critical for successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin N Haile
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
Delirium not induced by alcohol or other psychoactive substance and alcohol withdrawal delirium (or delirium tremens) are both cerebral syndromes with similar presentations and are associated with various adverse outcomes. Recently, interest in identifying genetic predisposing factors that influence the occurrence or the outcome of delirium has become a prominent point of delirium research. We systematically searched published articles concerning genetic associations and the occurrence and outcome of delirium. Of 33 identified articles, six investigated non-alcohol withdrawal delirium, and from those six, five evaluated an association with apolipoprotein E (APOE). One association of APOE genotype with the emergence of delirium and two associations of APOE genotype with the duration of delirium were reported. The remaining 27 identified articles investigated genetic associations with alcohol withdrawal delirium and were mainly related to dopamine. Two studies reported a significant association of alcohol withdrawal delirium with the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) and the dopamine receptor 3 (DRD3). Results are inconclusive, and no hard evidence exists due primarily to insufficiently powered studies and other methodological issues. Prospective studies incorporating systematic and rigorous diagnostic criteria and involving long term follow up are needed to advance understanding of this field.
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Hess C, Reif A, Strobel A, Boreatti-Hümmer A, Heine M, Lesch KP, Jacob CP. A functional dopamine-beta-hydroxylase gene promoter polymorphism is associated with impulsive personality styles, but not with affective disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2008; 116:121-30. [PMID: 18982239 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-008-0138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine in central noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons and thus is critically involved in the biosynthesis of catecholamines. There are equivocal findings concerning the question whether or not DssH activity levels are altered in affective disorders or in subtypes of affective disorders. Moreover, information about the role of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) genotype, which explains a large part of the variance of enzymatic activity, in affective disorders and personality dimensions is limited. To resolve these inconsistencies, association tests were performed using four independent samples, healthy volunteers (N = 387), patients with affective disorders (N = 182), adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients (N = 407), and patients with personality disorders (N = 637). In the latter two samples, the revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) was administered. All participants were genotyped for a putatively functional single nucleotide polymorphism (C-1021T, rs1611115). No differences in DBH C-1021T genotype distribution were observed between patients with affective disorders and healthy control subjects. Also when the patient sample was divided into uni- and bipolar patients versus controls, no significant differences emerged. Furthermore, no clear-cut association was detected between the TT genotype and personality disorder clusters while there was a significant association with adult ADHD. However, personality disorder patients carrying the DBH TT genotype exhibited higher neuroticism and novelty seeking scores as compared to individuals with the CC or CT genotype. Analyses on the level of the neuroticism and novelty seeking subscales revealed that the DBH TT genotype was primarily associated with personality features related to impulsiveness and aggressive hostility. Also adult ADHD patients carrying the homozygous TT genotypes displayed by significantly increased neuroticism scores; when both personality disorder and adult ADHD patient were analyzed together, TT carriers also displayed by significantly lower conscientiousness levels. Our results thus do not implicate the DBH C-1021T polymorphism in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders or personality disorders, yet homozygosity at this locus appears to increase the risk towards personality traits related to impulsiveness, aggression and related disease states, namely adult ADHD. These data argue for a dimensional rather than categorical effect of genetic variance in DBH activity; accordingly, the inconsistency of previous findings concerning DbetaH levels in affective disorders might be caused by the underlying association of the TT genotype at DBH-1021 with impulsive personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hess
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical and Molecular Psychobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Kieling C, Genro JP, Hutz MH, Rohde LA. The -1021 C/T DBH polymorphism is associated with neuropsychological performance among children and adolescents with ADHD. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:485-90. [PMID: 18081028 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Catecholaminergic imbalance has increasingly been implicated in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The enzyme dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H)-critical to catecholaminergic regulation-is under strong genetic control, with the -1021 C/T polymorphism accounting for up to 50% of the enzymatic activity. This work aimed to investigate association between this functional polymorphism and the performance of children and adolescents with ADHD in neuropsychological measures of executive function (EF). Sixty-four drug-naive patients with ADHD undertook a Continuous Performance Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. By means of a factorial analysis, a composite measure of EF was extracted. Performance according to genotypic group was analyzed, including age as a confounder. In addition, a family-based association test was conducted as a confirmatory analysis. Principal components analysis of neuropsychological measures loaded two factors that explained 83.8% of total variance. Cognitive performance, as measured by the composite score, showed significant difference between genotypic groups after adjustment for age (P = 0.002). The CC homozygosity was associated with a diminished global EF performance, a result that was corroborated by the intra-familial analysis. The present study demonstrated an association between the neuropsychological performance of children with ADHD and a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the DBH gene. The refinement of the ADHD phenotype by means of composite measures of EF can contribute to uncover the molecular underpinnings of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Guindalini C, Laranjeira R, Collier D, Messas G, Vallada H, Breen G. Dopamine-beta hydroxylase polymorphism and cocaine addiction. Behav Brain Funct 2008; 4:1. [PMID: 18173840 PMCID: PMC2263049 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-4-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction involves a number of medical, psychological and social problems. Understanding the genetic aetiology of this disorder will be essential for design of effective treatments. Dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DbH) catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine and could, therefore, have an influence on both cocaine action and the basal sensitivity of neurotransmitter systems to cocaine. Recently, the -1021C>T polymorphism have been found to strongly correlated with individual variation in plasma DbH activity. To test the influence of this polymorphism on the susceptibility of cocaine addiction, we decided to genotype it in a sample of 689 cocaine addicts and 832 healthy individuals. Genotypic and allelic analyses did not show any evidence of association with cocaine addiction, even after correcting for the effect of population stratification and other possible confounders. Our results do not support a major role of the -1021C>T polymorphism or the gene itself in the development of cocaine addiction but further examination of other variants within this gene will be necessary to completely rule out an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Guindalini
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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Köhnke MD. Approach to the genetics of alcoholism: A review based on pathophysiology. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:160-77. [PMID: 17669369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a common disorder with a heterogenous etiology. The results of family, twin and adoption studies on alcoholism are reviewed. These studies have revealed a heritability of alcoholism of over 50%. After evaluating the results, it was epidemiologically stated that alcoholism is heterogenous complex disorder with a multiple genetic background. Modern molecular genetic techniques allow examining specific genes involved in the pathophysiology of complex diseases such as alcoholism. Strategies for gene identification are introduced to the reader, including family-based and association studies. The susceptibility genes that are in the focus of this article have been chosen because they are known to encode for underlying mechanisms that are linked to the pathophysiology of alcoholism or that are important for the pharmacotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Postulated candidate genes of the metabolism of alcohol and of the involved neurotransmitter systems are introduced. Genetic studies on alcoholism examining the metabolism of alcohol and the dopaminergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, opioid, cholinergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems as well as the neuropeptide Y are presented. The results are critically discussed followed by a discussion of possible consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Köhnke
- Friedrich-Petersen-Klinik Rostock, Semmelweisstrasse 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Mustapić M, Pivac N, Kozarić-Kovacić D, Dezeljin M, Cubells JF, Mück-Seler D. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity and -1021C/T polymorphism of DBH gene in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:1087-9. [PMID: 17853400 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The roles of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are unclear. The aim of the study was to determine plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity and DBH-1021C/T gene polymorphism in combat veterans with (N = 133) or without (N = 34) chronic PTSD. Similar frequencies in genotype or allele distribution were found between veterans with or without PTSD. War veterans with PTSD had lower DBH activity, associated with the DBH-1021C/T variant in DBH genes, than veterans without PTSD. A significantly lower plasma DBH activity was found in combat veterans with PTSD carrying the CC genotype as compared to veterans without PTSD carrying the corresponding genotype. Since both groups were exposed to the same trauma, it is possible that a pre-existing trait difference in regulation of NE function contributed to a differential vulnerability to develop PTSD, or that the regulation of DBH expression was different in response to trauma. The results suggest that that genotype-controlled measurement of plasma DBH activity might be used as a potential biological marker of the response to trauma, and that further studies of DBH and other loci related to DA and NA in PTSD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mustapić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bosković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Abstract
Fueled by anatomical, electrophysiological, and pharmacological analyses of endogenous brain reward systems, norepinephrine (NE) was identified as a key mediator of both natural and drug-induced reward in the late 1960s and early 1970s. However, reward experiments from the mid-1970s that could distinguish between the noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems resulted in the prevailing view that dopamine (DA) was the primary 'reward transmitter' (a belief holding some sway still today), thereby pushing NE into the background. Most damaging to the NE hypothesis of reward were studies demonstrating that NE receptor antagonists and NE reuptake inhibitors failed to impact drug self-administration. In recent years new tools, such as genetically engineered mice, and new experimental paradigms, such as reinstatement of drug seeking following withdrawal, have propelled NE back into the awareness of addiction researchers. Of particular interest is disulfiram, an inhibitor of the NE biosynthetic enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase, which has demonstrated promising efficacy in the treatment of cocaine dependence in preliminary clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the new data linking NE to critical aspects of DA signaling and drug addiction, with a focus on psychostimulants (eg, cocaine), opiates (eg, morphine), and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Tang YL, Epstein MP, Anderson GM, Zabetian CP, Cubells JF. Genotypic and haplotypic associations of the DBH gene with plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in African Americans. Eur J Hum Genet 2007; 15:878-83. [PMID: 17457369 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several variants at DBH are significantly associated with plasma DbetaH activity (pDbetaH). However, the overwhelming majority of data on this genotype-phenotype relationship has been gathered in samples from Europeans and European Americans (EAs). In this study, we examined the relationship between DBH polymorphisms and pDbetaH in samples from African-American (AA) subjects. Genotypes were determined at a 19-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism (ins/del) and four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at DBH in 109 samples. Analyses were performed using analyses of variance (ANOVAs) (for individual SNPs) and regression procedures (to assess the joint effects and the specific SNP-based haplotypes). We found: (1) single-variant analysis of all polymorphisms revealed apparent associations to pDbetaH, with rs1611115 accounting for the largest proportion of the variance in pDbetaH (28.7%) and ins/del the smallest (6.5%); (2) modest but significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) existed between ins/del and rs1611115; (3) LD between all other pairs of variants was not observed; (3) stepwise regression showed that a model containing rs1611115, rs2519152 and rs6271 accounted for 37.6% of the variance in pDbetaH, with rs6271 showing additional 7.6% above the effect of rs1611115, and rs2519152 showing additional 2% above rs1611115 and rs6271; (4) two common haplotypes, C-T-C and T-C-C at rs1611115-rs2519152-rs6271 were significantly associated with pDbetaH (P=0.0025 and 0.0036, respectively). The data support the validity of prior reported associations and underscore the importance of analyzing multiple SNPs across DBH in future association studies examining disease and biochemical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, CT, USA
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van Munster BC, Korevaar JC, de Rooij SE, Levi M, Zwinderman AH. Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Delirium Tremens: A Systematic Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007; 31:177-84. [PMID: 17250608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium tremens (DT) is one of the more severe complications of alcohol withdrawal (AW), with a 5 to 10% lifetime risk for alcohol-dependent patients. The 2 most important neurosystems involved in AW are gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate. It is unknown whether these neurosystems are involved in the pathophysiology of DT as well. The candidate gene approach in DT could contribute to this knowledge and demonstrate a possible genetic predisposition for DT. The purpose of this study is to give an overview of all studied genetic polymorphisms in the diverse candidate genes related to DT and to summarize what these studies contribute to insights into the pathophysiology of DT. METHODS The inclusion criteria for this literature study were articles in English analyzing the association between a genetic polymorphism and DT without other AW syndromes. Studies were identified until February 2006 in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. RESULTS We found 25 studies dealing with 30 polymorphisms, located in 19 different genes. Positive associations were found in 3 different candidate genes involved in the dopamine transmission, 1 gene involved in the glutamate pathway, 1 neuropeptide gene, and 1 cannabinoid gene. Two candidate genes involved in the dopamine transmission, dopamine receptor D3, and solute carrier family 6, were each associated with DT in 2 different study populations. The other 4 positive associations were not replicated in other studies. CONCLUSIONS A total of 8 positive associations out of 30 polymorphisms makes a genetic base for DT plausible. Understanding the pathophysiological process of the development of DT has, indeed, been augmented by the reviewed genetic association studies. These studies suggest that the regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission may play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C van Munster
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tang Y, Buxbaum SG, Waldman I, Anderson GM, Zabetian CP, Köhnke MD, Cubells JF. A single nucleotide polymorphism at DBH, possibly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, associates with lower plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity and is in linkage disequilibrium with two putative functional single nucleotide polymorphisms. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60:1034-8. [PMID: 16616730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Revised: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The DBH gene regulates plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity (pDbetaH). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), -1021C-->T (rs1611115; SNP1) and +1603C-->T (rs6271; SNP3), independently influence pDbetaH. Another SNP, commonly known as DBH Taq1A (rs2519152; SNP2) is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in some (but not all) studies. We tested whether 1) SNP2 associates with pDbetaH; and 2) whether linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNP2 and the other SNPs explains that association. METHODS Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity and genotypes at the SNPs were determined in Caucasian subjects (n = 418). Associations to pDbetaH were examined using analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and LD among the SNPs using estimation maximization. RESULTS 1) Each polymorphism analyzed alone associated with pDbetaH; 2) SNP2 was in strong LD with SNP1 and SNP3, respectively, but there was no significant LD between SNP1 and SNP3; and 3) analyzed jointly, each SNP contributed significantly and uniquely to plasma DbetaH activity. CONCLUSIONS 1) SNP2 associates with pDbetaH; 2) SNP2 shows LD with SNP1 and SNP3; 3) most of the association between SNP2 and pDbetaH simply reflects that LD; however, 4) SNP2 also appears to exert a small independent effect on pDbetaH, suggesting that SNP2, or another variant in LD with it, uniquely influences pDbetaH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Haile CN, Kosten TR, Kosten TA. Genetics of dopamine and its contribution to cocaine addiction. Behav Genet 2006; 37:119-45. [PMID: 17063402 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-006-9115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a major health and social problem for which there are presently no effective pharmacotherapies. Many of the most promising medications target dopamine based on the large literature that supports its role in addiction. Recent studies show that genetic factors are also important. Rodent models and gene knock-out technology have helped elucidate the involvement of specific genes in the function of the dopamine reward system and intracellular cascades that lead to neuronal changes in this system. Human epidemiological, linkage, and association studies have identified allelic variants (polymorphisms) that give rise to altered metabolism of dopamine and its functional consequences. Individuals with these polymorphisms respond differently to psychostimulants and possibly to pharmacotherapies. Here we review the literature on genetic variations that affect dopamine neurotransmission, responses to psychostimulants and potential treatments for cocaine addiction. Behavioral responses to psychostimulants in animals with different or modified genetics in dopamine signaling are discussed. We also review polymorphisms in humans that affect dopaminergic neurotransmission and alter the subjective effects of psychostimulants. Pharmacotherapies may have increased efficacy when targeted to individuals possessing specific genetic polymophisms in dopamine's metabolic and intracellular messenger systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin N Haile
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and Meninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Freire MTMV, Marques FZC, Hutz MH, Bau CHD. Polymorphisms in the DBH and DRD2 gene regions and smoking behavior. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006; 256:93-7. [PMID: 16032443 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-005-0610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The DRD2 TaqI A and DBH-1021 C/T polymorphisms were genotyped in smoking alcoholics (N = 100), non-alcoholic smokers (N = 120) and nonsmoking controls (N = 112). Alcoholic and non-alcoholic smokers presented a higher frequency of the DRD2 TaqI A1 allele (P = 0.04) than non-smoking controls. Individuals who had at least one DBH-1021 T allele smoked fewer cigarettes per day than CC homozygotes (P = 0.03). These results are coherent with the expected effects of these polymorphisms on dopaminergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa M V Freire
- Departamento de Genética , Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
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Tang Y, Anderson GM, Zabetian CP, Köhnke MD, Cubells JF. Haplotype-controlled analysis of the association of a non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism at DBH (+ 1603C --> T) with plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 139B:88-90. [PMID: 16152569 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The DBH locus controls plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity (pDbetaH). A 5'-upstream single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at DBH (-1021C --> T) explains approximately 45% of the variance in pDbetaH, and a non-synonymous SNP in exon 11 (+ 1603C --> T) an additional 2%. However, that regression result underestimates the effect of + 1603C --> T because of its low minor allele frequency. We estimated the biological effect of + 1603C --> T on pDbetaH by comparing subjects of identical -1021CgammaT genotype, in a diagnostically heterogeneous group of subjects of European origin (N = 367). + 1603C --> T genotype associated with pDbetaH within groups of identical genotype at -1021 C --> T, accounting for 5%-16% of the variance. There was no significant linkage disequilibrium between -1021C --> T and + 1603C --> T (D = 0.0058, D' = 0.4774, d(2) = 0.0011, P > 0.05), confirming the validity of assessing the two polymorphisms independently. These results suggest that altered homospecific activity of the enzyme can contribute to variation in pDbetaH. This conclusion informs how associations between DBH and psychiatric disorders should be approached. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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50
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Köhnke MD, Kolb W, Köhnke AM, Lutz U, Schick S, Batra A. DBH*444G/A polymorphism of the dopamine-β-hydroxylase gene is associated with alcoholism but not with severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2005; 113:869-76. [PMID: 16252068 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-005-0365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As the enzyme dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine and both transmitters seem to be involved in the pathology of alcoholism and severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms, the gene encoding DbetaH (DBH) was applied to explore the genetic background of alcoholism and severe withdrawal symptoms. 102 healthy control subjects and 208 alcoholics, including 97 patients with a history of mild withdrawal symptoms, 57 with a history of alcohol withdrawal seizure (AWS) and 82 with a history of delirium tremens (DT) were genotyped for the DBH*444G/A polymorphism revealing a significantly elevated frequency of genotypes carrying the A-allele (p = 0.02; after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple tests) in alcoholics compared to healthy controls. Frequencies of alleles and genotypes of individuals with mild withdrawal symptoms did not differ significantly from those of patients with DT or AWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Köhnke
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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