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Effects of Risperidone and Prenatal Poly I:C Exposure on GABA A Receptors and AKT-GSK3β Pathway in the Ventral Tegmental Area of Female Juvenile Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050732. [PMID: 35625659 PMCID: PMC9139019 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the ventral midbrain is the origin of the dopaminergic neurotransmission pathways. Although GABAA receptors and AKT-GSK3β signaling are involved in the pathophysiology of mental disorders and are modulated by antipsychotics, an unmet task is to reveal the pathological changes in these biomarkers and antipsychotic modulations in the VTA. Using a juvenile polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) psychiatric rat model, this study investigated the effects of adolescent risperidone treatment on GABAA receptors and AKT/GSK3β in the VTA. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered Poly I:C (5mg/kg; i.p) or saline at gestational day 15. Juvenile female offspring received risperidone (0.9 mg/kg, twice per day) or a vehicle from postnatal day 35 for 25 days. Poly I:C offspring had significantly decreased mRNA expression of GABAA receptor β3 subunits and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD2) in the VTA, while risperidone partially reversed the decreased GAD2 expression. Prenatal Poly I:C exposure led to increased expression of AKT2 and GSK3β. Risperidone decreased GABAA receptor β2/3, but increased AKT2 mRNA expression in the VTA of healthy rats. This study suggests that Poly I:C-elicited maternal immune activation and risperidone differentially modulate GABAergic neurotransmission and AKT-GSK3β signaling in the VTA of adolescent rats.
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Labouesse MA, Cola RB, Patriarchi T. GPCR-Based Dopamine Sensors-A Detailed Guide to Inform Sensor Choice for In vivo Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8048. [PMID: 33126757 PMCID: PMC7672611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how dopamine (DA) encodes behavior depends on technologies that can reliably monitor DA release in freely-behaving animals. Recently, red and green genetically encoded sensors for DA (dLight, GRAB-DA) were developed and now provide the ability to track release dynamics at a subsecond resolution, with submicromolar affinity and high molecular specificity. Combined with rapid developments in in vivo imaging, these sensors have the potential to transform the field of DA sensing and DA-based drug discovery. When implementing these tools in the laboratory, it is important to consider there is not a 'one-size-fits-all' sensor. Sensor properties, most importantly their affinity and dynamic range, must be carefully chosen to match local DA levels. Molecular specificity, sensor kinetics, spectral properties, brightness, sensor scaffold and pharmacology can further influence sensor choice depending on the experimental question. In this review, we use DA as an example; we briefly summarize old and new techniques to monitor DA release, including DA biosensors. We then outline a map of DA heterogeneity across the brain and provide a guide for optimal sensor choice and implementation based on local DA levels and other experimental parameters. Altogether this review should act as a tool to guide DA sensor choice for end-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. Labouesse
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Reto B. Cola
- Anatomy and Program in Neuroscience, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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van den Brink WJ, Palic S, Köhler I, de Lange ECM. Access to the CNS: Biomarker Strategies for Dopaminergic Treatments. Pharm Res 2018; 35:64. [PMID: 29450650 PMCID: PMC5814527 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite substantial research carried out over the last decades, it remains difficult to understand the wide range of pharmacological effects of dopaminergic agents. The dopaminergic system is involved in several neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. This complex system features multiple pathways implicated in emotion and cognition, psychomotor functions and endocrine control through activation of G protein-coupled dopamine receptors. This review focuses on the system-wide effects of dopaminergic agents on the multiple biochemical and endocrine pathways, in particular the biomarkers (i.e., indicators of a pharmacological process) that reflect these effects. Dopaminergic treatments developed over the last decades were found to be associated with numerous biochemical pathways in the brain, including the norepinephrine and the kynurenine pathway. Additionally, they have shown to affect peripheral systems, for example the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Dopaminergic agents thus have a complex and broad pharmacological profile, rendering drug development challenging. Considering the complex system-wide pharmacological profile of dopaminergic agents, this review underlines the needs for systems pharmacology studies that include: i) proteomics and metabolomics analysis; ii) longitudinal data evaluation and mathematical modeling; iii) pharmacokinetics-based interpretation of drug effects; iv) simultaneous biomarker evaluation in the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma; and v) specific attention to condition-dependent (e.g., disease) pharmacology. Such approach is considered essential to increase our understanding of central nervous system (CNS) drug effects and substantially improve CNS drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Johan van den Brink
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Semra Palic
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Köhler
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Cunera Maria de Lange
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Ota VK, Noto C, Gadelha A, Santoro ML, Ortiz BB, Andrade EH, Tasso BC, Spindola LMN, Silva PN, Abílio VC, Smith MDAC, Sato JR, Brietzke E, Cordeiro Q, Bressan RA, Belangero SI. Evaluation of neurotransmitter receptor gene expression identifies GABA receptor changes: a follow-up study in antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 56:130-6. [PMID: 24935901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A study of the gene expression levels in the blood of individuals with schizophrenia in the beginning of the disease, such as first-episode psychosis (FEP), is useful to detect gene expression changes in this disorder in response to treatment. Although a large number of genetic studies on schizophrenia have been conducted, little is known about the effects of antipsychotic treatment on gene expression. The aim of the present study was to examine differences in the gene expression in the blood of antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients before and after risperidone treatment (N = 44) and also to verify the correlation with treatment response. In addition, we determined the correlations between differentially expressed genes and clinical variables. The expression of 40 neurotransmitter and neurodevelopment-associated genes was assessed using the RT2 Profiler PCR Array. The results indicated that the GABRR2 gene was downregulated after risperidone treatment, but no genes were associated with response to treatment and clinical variables after Bonferroni correction. GABRR2 downregulation after treatment can both suggest an effect of risperidone treatment or processes related to disease progression, either not necessarily associated with the improvement of symptoms. Despite this change was observed in blood, this decrease in GABRR2 mRNA levels might be an effect of changes in GABA concentrations or other systems interplay consequently to D2 blockage induced by risperidone, for example. Thus, it is important to consider that antipsychotics or the progression of psychotic disorders might interfere with gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar fundos, CEP 05039-032, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Noto
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar fundos, CEP 05039-032, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ary Gadelha
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar fundos, CEP 05039-032, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Leite Santoro
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar fundos, CEP 05039-032, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Bertolucci Ortiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elvis Henrique Andrade
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Brazilio Carvalho Tasso
- Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leticia Maria Nery Spindola
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar fundos, CEP 05039-032, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Natalia Silva
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar fundos, CEP 05039-032, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Costhek Abílio
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar fundos, CEP 05039-032, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marília de Arruda Cardoso Smith
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João Ricardo Sato
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar fundos, CEP 05039-032, São Paulo, Brazil; Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil.
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar fundos, CEP 05039-032, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar fundos, CEP 05039-032, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 740, Edifício Leitao da Cunha, 1° andar, CEP 04023-900, São Paulo, Brazil; LiNC - Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3° andar fundos, CEP 05039-032, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Cai HL, Zhu RH, Li HD, Zhang XH, Hu L, Yang W, Ye HS. Elevated plasma γ-aminobutyrate/glutamate ratio and responses to risperidone antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010; 34:1273-8. [PMID: 20637820 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) and Glutamate (Glu) are respectively two major inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and recent theories propose that both of their signaling complexes are compromised in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS The changes in plasma GABA, Glu and GABA/Glu ratio in schizophrenia have been studied and may be potential clinical markers. Here, we examined if plasma GABA, Glu and GABA/Glu ratio are altered in 32 schizophrenics, including a comprehensive investigation of their involvements with clinical course of a 6-week risperidone antipsychotic treatment. RESULTS Plasma levels of GABA and Glu were significantly lower in patients than in controls, while plasma GABA/Glu ratio was significantly elevated. During treatment, a non-significant further decrease of plasma GABA, a significant increase of plasma Glu and a significant reduction of plasma GABA/Glu ratio were observed. The ratio returned to the control level at week 6 even though concentrations of GABA and Glu were still distant from normal. After the Bonferroni correction, partial correlation analyses showed that plasma GABA and GABA/Glu ratio were positively correlated with the dose of risperidone and plasma concentration of 9-hydroxyrisperidone. The reduction of plasma GABA/Glu ratio was positively correlated with the improvement of activation symptom cluster. CONCLUSIONS The elevated plasma GABA/Glu ratio reinforces the idea of an abnormal GABA-Glu interaction in schizophrenia. The ratio may be a good peripheral state-like marker in schizophrenia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lin Cai
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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P-glycoprotein inhibition potentiates the behavioural and neurochemical actions of risperidone in rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2010; 13:1067-77. [PMID: 19835667 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145709990782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia and related psychiatric disorders. While the metabolic pathways of antipsychotic drugs have been well defined, the role of drug transporters in the disposition and effects of antipsychotic drugs has not been systematically explored. P-glycoprotein has ubiquitous expression in brain endothelial cells and plays a protective role by effluxing substrates for elimination and by limiting their accumulation in the central nervous system. Risperidone and several other antipsychotic drugs are substrates of P-glycoprotein. Increased antipsychotic drug entry into the brain via blockade of the P-glycoprotein transporter may facilitate the amount of available drug to its targets, particularly dopamine receptors. By increasing available antipsychotic drug concentrations, P-glycoprotein inhibition offers a novel means of enhanced drug delivery. This study evaluated whether selective P-glycoprotein transporter inhibition would increase the effects of risperidone on relevant indices of behaviour (catalepsy and locomotion) and neurochemistry (dopamine release and metabolism as measured by in-vivo microdialysis). We administered the P-glycoprotein inhibitor, PSC 833 (100 mg/kg p.o.), to rats prior to administration of risperidone at varying doses (0.01-4.0 mg/kg s.c.). P-glycoprotein inhibition significantly increased risperidone-induced cataleptic effects, blockade of amphetamine-induced locomotion, and effects on dopamine turnover as seen by increased striatal dopamine metabolite levels. These results provide functional evidence concordant with prior data for increased brain levels of risperidone following PSC 833 treatment.
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7
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Huang M, Li Z, Dai J, Shahid M, Wong EHF, Meltzer HY. Asenapine increases dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine efflux in the rat medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008; 33:2934-45. [PMID: 18418367 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2008.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotic drugs, which are more potent direct acting antagonists of brain serotonin (5-HT)(2A) than dopamine (DA) D(2) receptors, preferentially enhance DA and acetylcholine (ACh) efflux in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (HIP), compared with the nucleus accumbens (NAc). These effects may contribute to their ability, albeit limited, to improve cognitive function and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Asenapine (ASE), a new multireceptor antagonist currently in development for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, has complex serotonergic properties based upon relatively high affinity for multiple serotonin (5-HT) receptors, particularly 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors. In the current study, the effects of ASE on DA, norepinephrine (NE), 5-HT, ACh, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) efflux in rat mPFC, HIP, and NAc were investigated with microdialysis in awake, freely moving rats. ASE at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg (s.c.), but not 0.01 mg/kg, significantly increased DA efflux in the mPFC and HIP. Only the 0.5 mg/kg dose enhanced DA efflux in the NAc. ASE, at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, significantly increased ACh efflux in the mPFC, but only the 0.5 mg/kg dose of ASE increased HIP ACh efflux. ASE did not increase ACh efflux in the NAc at any of the doses tested. The effect of ASE (0.1 mg/kg) on DA and ACh efflux was blocked by pretreatment with WAY100635, a 5-HT(1A) antagonist/D(4) agonist, suggesting involvement of indirect 5-HT(1A) agonism in both the actions. ASE, at 0.1 mg/kg, increased NE, but not 5-HT, efflux in the mPFC and HIP. ASE, at 0.1 mg/kg (s.c.), had no effect on glutamate and GABA efflux in either the mPFC or NAc. These findings indicate that ASE is similar to clozapine and other atypical antipsychotic drugs in preferentially increasing the efflux of DA, NE, and ACh in the mPFC and HIP compared with the NAC, and suggests that, like these agents, it may also improve cognitive function and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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8
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Zhang M, Ballard ME, Pan L, Roberts S, Faghih R, Cowart M, Esbenshade TA, Fox GB, Decker MW, Hancock AA, Rueter LE. Lack of cataleptogenic potentiation with non-imidazole H3 receptor antagonists reveals potential drug–drug interactions between imidazole-based H3 receptor antagonists and antipsychotic drugs. Brain Res 2005; 1045:142-9. [PMID: 15910772 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 03/04/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists/inverse agonists can improve cognitive function in animal models, they may have the potential to be used as add-on therapy in the treatment of schizophrenia, a disease with significant cognitive deficits. However, a recent study showed potentiation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by ciproxifan, an imidazole-containing H3R antagonist/inverse agonist, suggesting there is a potential risk of exacerbating extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) if H3R antagonists were used as adjunctive treatment [Pillot, C., Ortiz, J., Heron, A., Ridray, S., Schwartz, J.C. and Arrang, J.M., Ciproxifan, a histamine H3-receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, potentiates neurochemical and behavioral effects of haloperidol in the rat, J Neurosci, 22 (2002) 7272-80]. In order to clarify the basis of this finding, we replicated this result and extended the work with another imidazole and two non-imidazole H3R antagonists. The results indicate that ciproxifan significantly augmented the effects of haloperidol and risperidone on catalepsy. Another imidazole H3R antagonist, thioperamide, also potentiated the effect of risperidone on catalepsy. In contrast, no catalepsy-enhancing effects were observed when selective non-imidazole H3R antagonists, ABT-239 and A-431404, were coadministered with haloperidol and/or risperidone. As ciproxifan and thioperamide are inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzymes, responsible for metabolizing risperidone and haloperidol, the possibility that the augmentation of antipsychotics by imidazoles resulted from drug-drug interactions was tested. A drug metabolism study revealed that an imidazole, but not a non-imidazole, potently inhibited the metabolism of haloperidol and risperidone. Furthermore, ketoconazole, an imidazole-based CYP 3A4 inhibitor, significantly augmented risperidone-induced catalepsy. Together, these data suggest the potentiation of antipsychotic-induced catalepsy may result from pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions and support the potential utility of non-imidazole H3R antagonists in treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia without increased risk of increased EPS in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, AP9A, R4N5, 100 Abbott Park, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6115, USA.
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Mamo D, Remington G, Nobrega J, Hussey D, Chirakal R, Wilson AA, Baker G, Houle S, Kapur S. Effect of acute antipsychotic administration on dopamine synthesis in rodents and human subjects using 6-[18F]-L-m-tyrosine. Synapse 2004; 52:153-62. [PMID: 15034921 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Clinical effects of antipsychotic drugs are thought to be mediated primarily through antagonism of the dopamine D2 receptors. Recent studies have demonstrated increased aromatic decarboxylase activity following acute administration of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists both in vivo and ex vivo. However, this effect has never been demonstrated in human subjects. We studied the effect of acute antipsychotic administration on dopamine synthesis in rodents and healthy human subjects using 6-[18F]-L-m-tyrosine. In rats, we studied the effect of a single subcutaneous injection of haloperidol and risperidone on dopamine synthesis using 6-[18F]-L-m-tyrosine. In our human study, six healthy volunteers underwent two 6-[18F]-L-m-tyrosine PET scans, before and after 3 mg risperidone to measure the rate of accumulation of radioactivity in the striatum as an index of dopamine synthesis. The striatal/cerebellar radioactivity count ratio and the ratio of dopamine metabolites to dopamine concentration was significantly higher in all rodent treatment groups compared to controls. In the PET study we found no significant change in the rate of uptake in the striatum. Our results suggest that 6-[18F]-L-m-tyrosine PET may not be a useful tool in the study of the effect of antipsychotics on dopamine synthesis in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mamo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
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10
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Honey GD, Suckling J, Zelaya F, Long C, Routledge C, Jackson S, Ng V, Fletcher PC, Williams SCR, Brown J, Bullmore ET. Dopaminergic drug effects on physiological connectivity in a human cortico-striato-thalamic system. Brain 2003; 126:1767-81. [PMID: 12805106 PMCID: PMC3838939 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awg184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortico-striato-thalamic (CST) systems are anatomical substrates for many motor and executive functions and are implicated in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders. Electrophysiological studies in rats, monkeys and patients with Parkinson's disease have shown that power and coherence of low frequency oscillations in CST systems can be profoundly modulated by dopaminergic drugs. We combined functional MRI with correlational and path analyses to investigate functional and effective connectivity, respectively, of a prefronto-striato-thalamic system activated by object location learning in healthy elderly human subjects (n = 23; mean age = 72 years). Participants were scanned in a repeated measures, randomized, placebo-controlled design to measure modulation of physiological connectivity between CST regions following treatment with drugs which served both to decrease (sulpiride) and increase (methylphenidate) dopaminergic transmission, as well as non-dopaminergic treatments (diazepam and scopolamine) to examine non-specific effects. Functional connectivity of caudate nucleus was modulated specifically by dopaminergic drugs, with opposing effects of sulpiride and methylphenidate. The more salient effect of sulpiride was to increase functional connectivity between caudate and both thalamus and ventral midbrain. A path diagram based on prior knowledge of unidirectional anatomical projections between CST components was fitted satisfactorily to the observed inter-regional covariance matrix. The effect of sulpiride was defined more specifically in the context of this model as increased strength of effective connection from ventral midbrain to caudate nucleus. In short, we have demonstrated enhanced functional and effective connectivity of human caudate nucleus following sulpiride treatment, which is compatible both with the anatomy of ascending dopaminergic projections and with electrophysiological studies indicating abnormal coherent oscillations of CST neurons in parkinsonian states.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Honey
- University of Cambridge, Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
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11
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Kruzich PJ, See RE. An evaluation of the role of 5-HT(2) receptor antagonism during subchronic antipsychotic drug administration in rats. Brain Res 2000; 875:35-43. [PMID: 10967296 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A widely postulated mechanism of action for the atypical profile of many novel antipsychotic drugs (APDs) is their relatively high affinity for 5-HT(2) receptors. The present study investigated motor function and striatal dopamine (DA) efflux and metabolism in rats given 21 daily injections of drugs that differed in 5-HT(2) affinity. These drugs included: risperidone (high 5-HT(2A/2C)/high D(2)), clozapine (high 5-HT(2A/2C)/low D(2)), haloperidol (low 5-HT(2A/2C)/high D(2)), haloperidol+ritanserin (selective 5-HT(2A/2C)), or vehicle. Rats injected with haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) or haloperidol+ritanserin (0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively) showed extreme catalepsy on day 1, but significantly decreased catalepsy when tested again on days 7 and 21. Acute or subchronic risperidone (0.05 or 0.5 mg/kg), clozapine (20 mg/kg), or vehicle did not induce significant catalepsy. Microdialysis performed 24 h after the last injection demonstrated that rats treated with risperidone, clozapine, or vehicle showed similar increases in DA efflux and metabolism following an acute injection of a selective DA D(2/3) antagonist (raclopride, 0.5 mg/kg). DA efflux showed an attenuated response to raclopride in the haloperidol alone group; this effect was less apparent in the haloperidol+ritanserin group. However, both of these groups showed a similar tolerance effect to the raclopride-induced increase in DA metabolites. These results suggest that the profile seen after subchronic risperidone more closely resembles clozapine than haloperidol. While ritanserin reduced the tolerance-like effects of haloperidol on striatal DA efflux, the overall results demonstrate that potent 5-HT(2) blockade alone may not entirely account for the distinctive profile of novel APDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Kruzich
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 167 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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