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Yue L, Lim R, Owens BD. Latest Advances in Chondrocyte-Based Cartilage Repair. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1367. [PMID: 38927573 PMCID: PMC11201646 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte-based cell therapy has been used for more than 30 years and is still considered to be a promising method of cartilage repair despite some limitations. This review introduces the latest developments of four generations of autologous chondrocyte implantation and current autologous chondrocyte products. The regeneration of cartilage from adult chondrocytes is limited by culture-induced dedifferentiation and patient age. Cartibeads is an innovative three-step method to produce high-quality hyaline cartilage microtissues, and it is developed from adult dedifferentiated chondrocytes with a high number of cell passages. In addition, allogeneic chondrocyte therapies using the Quantum hollow-fiber bioreactor and several signaling pathways involved in chondrocyte-based cartilage repair are mentioned, such as WNT signaling, the BMP-2/WISP1 pathway, and the FGF19 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Ryan Lim
- Department of Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Brett D. Owens
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
- University Orthopedics, East Providence, RI 02914, USA
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2
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Nie HY, Ge J, Liu KG, Yue Y, Li H, Lin HG, Yan HF, Zhang T, Sun HW, Yang JW, Zhou JL, Cui Y. The effects of microgravity on stem cells and the new insights it brings to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2024; 41:1-17. [PMID: 38670635 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques may undergo modifications in the future, as life scientists have widely acknowledged the ability of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture systems to accurately simulate in vivo biology. In recent years, researchers have discovered that microgravity devices can address many challenges associated with 3D cell culture. Stem cells, being pluripotent cells, are regarded as a promising resource for regenerative medicine. Recent studies have demonstrated that 3D culture in microgravity devices can effectively guide stem cells towards differentiation and facilitate the formation of functional tissue, thereby exhibiting advantages within the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Furthermore, We delineate the impact of microgravity on the biological behavior of various types of stem cells, while elucidating the underlying mechanisms governing these alterations. These findings offer exciting prospects for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yun Nie
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kai-Ge Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Hai-Guan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Feng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Wu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Lian Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China; Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China.
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3
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Song M, Yao H, Sun Z, Chen D, Xu X, Long G, Wu L, Hu W. METTL3/YTHDC1-medicated m6A modification of circRNA3634 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes by miR-124486-5-MAPK1 axis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:101. [PMID: 38062349 PMCID: PMC10702069 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deer antler, a remarkable mammalian appendage, has a growth rate surpassing that of any other known osseous organ. Emerging evidence indicates that circRNA and MAPK1 play critical roles in chondrocytes. Thus, exploration of their functions in antler chondrocytes will help us to understand the mechanism regulating the rapid antler growth. METHODS qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of mRNAs and proteins. CCK-8, EdU, Cell migration, ALP activity detection, and ALP staining examined the effects of MAPK1 in antler chondrocytes. FISH, RIP, and luciferase assays were performed to evaluate the interactions among circRNA3634/MAPK1 and miR-124486-5. RIP and RAP assays proved the binding interaction between circRNA3634 and RBPs. Me-RIP was used to determine the m6A methylation modification of circRNA3634. RESULTS This study revealed high MAPK1 expression in antler cartilage tissue. Overexpression of MAPK1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of antler chondrocytes and increased the expression of MAPK3, RAF1, MEK1, RUNX2, and SOX9. The silencing of MAPK1 had the opposite effect. CircRNA3634 was found to act as a molecular sponge for miR-124486-5, leading to increased MAPK1 expression and enhanced proliferation and migration of antler chondrocytes through competitive miR-124486-5 binding. We discovered that METTL3 mediates m6A modification near the splicing site of circRNA3634 and is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes. The m6A reader YTHDC1 facilitated the nuclear export of circRNA3634 in an m6A-dependent manner. Our results indicate that m6A-modified circRNA3634 promotes the proliferation of antler chondrocytes by targeting MAPK1 and show that the nuclear export of circRNA3634 is related to the expression of YTHDC1, suggesting that circRNA3634 could represent a critical regeneration marker for the antler. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a novel m6A-modified circRNA3634 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes by regulating MAPK1. The nuclear export of circRNA3634 was related to the expression of YTHDC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Song
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Haibo Yao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zitong Sun
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiwen Xu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guohui Long
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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4
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Zieba J, Nevarez L, Wachtell D, Martin JH, Kot A, Wong S, Cohn DH, Krakow D. Altered Sox9 and FGF signaling gene expression in Aga2 OI mice negatively affects linear growth. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171984. [PMID: 37796615 PMCID: PMC10721276 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is a disorder characterized by bone fragility and increased fracture incidence. All forms of OI also feature short stature, implying an effect on endochondral ossification. Using the Aga2+/- mouse, which has a mutation in type I collagen, we show an affected growth plate primarily due to a shortened proliferative zone. We used single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of tibial and femoral growth plate tissues to understand transcriptional consequences on growth plate cell types. We show that perichondrial cells, which express abundant type I procollagen, and growth plate chondrocytes, which were found to express low amounts of type I procollagen, had ER stress and dysregulation of the same unfolded protein response pathway as previously demonstrated in osteoblasts. Aga2+/- proliferating chondrocytes showed increased FGF and MAPK signaling, findings consistent with accelerated differentiation. There was also increased Sox9 expression throughout the growth plate, which is expected to accelerate early chondrocyte differentiation but reduce late hypertrophic differentiation. These data reveal that mutant type I collagen expression in OI has an impact on the cartilage growth plate. These effects on endochondral ossification indicate that OI is a biologically complex phenotype going beyond its known impacts on bone to negatively affect linear growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zieba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Davis Wachtell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jorge H. Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Kot
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sereen Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Park S, Na JY, Gwon Y, Kim W, Kang JY, Seon JK, Kim J. Transplantable stem cell nanobridge scaffolds for accelerating articular cartilage regeneration. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122287. [PMID: 37639976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microfracture technique for treating articular cartilage defects usually has poor clinical outcomes due to critical heterogeneity and extremely limited in quality. To improve the effects of current surgical technique (i.e., microfracture technique), we propose the transplantable stem cell nanobridge scaffold, acting as a protective bridge between host tissue and defected cartilage as well as microfracture-derived cells. Nanobridge scaffolds have a sophisticated nanoaligned structure with freestanding and flexible shapes for imposing direct structural guidance to cells including transplanted stem cells and host cells, and it can induce not only chondrocyte migration but also stem cell differentiation, maturation, and growth factor secretion. The transplantable stem cell nanobridge scaffold is capable of reconstructing the defected cartilage with homogeneous architecture and highly enhanced adhesive stress similar with native cartilage tissue by the synergistic effects of stem cells-based chondro-induction and nanotopography-based chondro-conduction. Our findings demonstrate a significant advancement in the traditional treatment technique by using a nanoengineered tool for achieving successful cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Park
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yong Na
- Department of Orthopedics, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Gwon
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Keun Seon
- Department of Orthopedics, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Institute of Nano-Stem Cells Therapeutics, NANOBIOSYSTEM Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Luo P, Yuan QL, Yang M, Wan X, Xu P. The role of cells and signal pathways in subchondral bone in osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:536-545. [PMID: 37678837 PMCID: PMC10484649 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.129.bjr-2023-0081.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is mainly caused by ageing, strain, trauma, and congenital joint abnormalities, resulting in articular cartilage degeneration. During the pathogenesis of OA, the changes in subchondral bone (SB) are not only secondary manifestations of OA, but also an active part of the disease, and are closely associated with the severity of OA. In different stages of OA, there were microstructural changes in SB. Osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in SB are important in the pathogenesis of OA. The signal transduction mechanism in SB is necessary to maintain the balance of a stable phenotype, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, and bone remodelling between articular cartilage and SB. An imbalance in signal transduction can lead to reduced cartilage quality and SB thickening, which leads to the progression of OA. By understanding changes in SB in OA, researchers are exploring drugs that can regulate these changes, which will help to provide new ideas for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi-ling Yuan
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingyi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianjie Wan
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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7
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Majood M, Selvam A, Agrawal O, Chaurasia R, Rawat S, Mohanty S, Mukherjee M. Biogenic Carbon Quantum Dots as a Neoteric Inducer in the Game of Directing Chondrogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19997-20011. [PMID: 37042793 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The journey into the field of stem cell biology has been an endeavor of paramount advancement in biomedicine, establishing new horizons in the avenue of materiobiology. The creative drive of the scientific community focuses on ameliorating the utilization of stem cells, which is currently untapped on a large scale. With similar motivation, we present a nascent strategy of maneuvering biogenic carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to eclipse the toxic hurdles of chemical synthesis of carbon allotropes to serve as a biocompatible trident in stem cell biology employing a three-prong action of stem cell differentiation, imaging, and migration. The derivation of CQDs from garlic peels as a biogenic precursor abets in realizing the optophysical features of CQDs to image mesenchymal stem cells without hampering the biological systems with cytotoxicity. We report the versatility of biogenic CQDs to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to robustly influence stem cell migration and concomitantly chondrocyte differentiation from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs). This was orchestrated without the use of chondrogenic induction factors, which was confirmed from the expression of chondrogenic markers (Col II, Col X, ACAN). Even the collagen content of cells incubated with CQDs was quite comparable with that of chondrocyte-induced cells. Thus, we empirically propose garlic peel-derived CQDs as a tangible advancement in stem cell biology from a materiobiological frame of reference to hone significant development in this arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misba Majood
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Abhyavartin Selvam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Omnarayan Agrawal
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Radhika Chaurasia
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Sonali Rawat
- Stem Cells Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cells Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Monalisa Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
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8
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Paesa M, Alejo T, Garcia-Alvarez F, Arruebo M, Mendoza G. New insights in osteoarthritis diagnosis and treatment: Nano-strategies for an improved disease management. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1844. [PMID: 35965293 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic joint pathology that has become a predominant cause of disability worldwide. Even though the origin and evolution of OA rely on different factors that are not yet elucidated nor understood, the development of novel strategies to treat OA has emerged in the last years. Cartilage degradation is the main hallmark of the pathology though alterations in bone and synovial inflammation, among other comorbidities, are also involved during OA progression. From a molecular point of view, a vast amount of signaling pathways are implicated in the progression of the disease, opening up a wide plethora of targets to attenuate or even halt OA. The main purpose of this review is to shed light on the recent strategies published based on nanotechnology for the early diagnosis of the disease as well as the most promising nano-enabling therapeutic approaches validated in preclinical models. To address the clinical issue, the key pathways involved in OA initiation and progression are described as the main potential targets for OA prevention and early treatment. Furthermore, an overview of current therapeutic strategies is depicted. Finally, to solve the drawbacks of current treatments, nanobiomedicine has shown demonstrated benefits when using drug delivery systems compared with the administration of the equivalent doses of the free drugs and the potential of disease-modifying OA drugs when using nanosystems. We anticipate that the development of smart and specific bioresponsive and biocompatible nanosystems will provide a solid and promising basis for effective OA early diagnosis and treatment. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Paesa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Aragón Materials Science Institute, ICMA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Alejo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Aragón Materials Science Institute, ICMA, Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Felicito Garcia-Alvarez
- Health Research Institute Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Traumatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Aragón Materials Science Institute, ICMA, Zaragoza, Spain
- Health Research Institute Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Health Research Institute Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Qin T, Zhang G, Zheng Y, Li S, Yuan Y, Li Q, Hu M, Si H, Wei G, Gao X, Cui X, Xia B, Ren J, Wang K, Ba H, Liu Z, Heller R, Li Z, Wang W, Huang J, Li C, Qiu Q. A population of stem cells with strong regenerative potential discovered in deer antlers. Science 2023; 379:840-847. [PMID: 36821675 DOI: 10.1126/science.add0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The annual regrowth of deer antlers provides a valuable model for studying organ regeneration in mammals. We describe a single-cell atlas of antler regrowth. The earliest-stage antler initiators were mesenchymal cells that express the paired related homeobox 1 gene (PRRX1+ mesenchymal cells). We also identified a population of "antler blastema progenitor cells" (ABPCs) that developed from the PRRX1+ mesenchymal cells and directed the antler regeneration process. Cross-species comparisons identified ABPCs in several mammalian blastema. In vivo and in vitro ABPCs displayed strong self-renewal ability and could generate osteochondral lineage cells. Last, we observed a spatially well-structured pattern of cellular and gene expression in antler growth center during the peak growth stage, revealing the cellular mechanisms involved in rapid antler elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Guokun Zhang
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shengyou Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qingjie Li
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mingliang Hu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Huazhe Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanning Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xueli Gao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xinxin Cui
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hengxing Ba
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Rasmus Heller
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, N 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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10
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Pang Y, Zhao L, Ji X, Guo K, Yin X. Analyses of Transcriptomics upon IL-1β-Stimulated Mouse Chondrocytes and the Protective Effect of Catalpol through the NOD2/NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041606. [PMID: 36838594 PMCID: PMC9962284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of inflammation on chondrocyte injury and the protective effect of catalpol on chondrocytes in an inflammatory environment. Chondrocytes were isolated and cultured from the knee joints of three-day-old newborn mice. Alcian Blue staining and the immunocytochemistry staining of type II collagen were used to identify the purity of chondrocytes. Primary chondrocytes were stimulated by IL-1β (10 ng/mL) and subjected to transcriptome analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further analyzed based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. In this experimental study, we performed the viability assay to determine the effects of different concentrations of catalpol on the cell viability of chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were seeded in six-well plates and exposed to 10 μM catalpol 2 h prior to treatment with IL-1β (10 ng/mL). Quantitative real-time (qPCR) and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the RNA and protein expression, respectively. Based on the results of transcriptomics analysis, we found the NOD2 signaling pathway, the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway showed significant changes in chondrocyte damage caused by inflammation. Catalpol (10 μM and 100 μM) could significantly reduce NO, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in supernatant of chondrocytes. Catalpol significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12 in chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. Catalpol markedly inhibited MMP3, MMP13 mRNA, and protein levels. Catalpol could significantly reduce TNF-α mRNA levels in inflammatory chondrocytes. Inflammation causes significant increases in mRNA levels and protein levels of NOD2, mRNA levels, and protein levels were markedly suppressed by catalpol. In addition, catalpol could significantly increase IKBα protein levels and significantly lower intranuclear P65 levels. Catalpol significantly lowered the phosphorylation protein levels of ERK, p38, and JNK. Our transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the activation of NOD2 and its downstream pathways, NF-κB and MAPK, is an important cause of the inflammatory injury to chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. Catalpol inhibited the activation of the NOD2 signaling pathway, which reduced the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK, inhibited the degradation of IκBα, inhibited p65 translocation into the nucleus, reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines, and attenuated the inflammatory damage to chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xueyan Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Kaijin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (X.Y.)
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11
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SPRY4 acts as an indicator of osteoarthritis severity and regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy and ECM protease expression. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:56. [PMID: 34535669 PMCID: PMC8448831 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) causes serious changes in the metabolic and signaling pathways of chondrocytes, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, the role of sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 4 (SPRY4), an inhibitor of MAPK, in the human cartilage tissues and chondrocytes remains to be understood. Here, using SPRY4 gene delivery into healthy and degenerated chondrocytes, we elucidated the role of SPRY4 in preventing chondrocyte hypertrophy. In addition to using the human cartilage tissues with the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, the role of SPRY4 in cartilage tissues and chondrocytes was explored through their molecular and histological analyses. In order to determine the effects of SPRY4 on healthy human chondrocyte hypertrophy, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down SPRY4. Lentiviral transduction of SPRY4 into degenerated human chondrocytes allowed us to investigate its ability to prevent hypertrophy. SPRY4 expression levels were higher in healthy human cartilage tissue and chondrocytes than in degenerated human cartilage tissues and hypertrophy-induced chondrocytes. The knockdown of SPRY4 in healthy chondrocytes caused an increase in hypertrophy, senescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protease expression. However, all these factors decreased upon overexpression of SPRY4 in degenerated chondrocytes via regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. We conclude that SPRY4 is a crucial indicator of osteoarthritis (OA) severity and could play an important role in preventing OA in the cartilage by inhibiting chondrocyte hypertrophy.
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12
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Adipose-Derived Extract Suppresses IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Human Chondrocytes and Ameliorates the Cartilage Destruction of Experimental Osteoarthritis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189781. [PMID: 34575945 PMCID: PMC8470808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of adipose-derived extract (AE) on cultured chondrocytes and in vivo cartilage destruction. AE was prepared from human adipose tissues using a nonenzymatic approach. Cultured human chondrocytes were stimulated with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) with or without different concentrations of AE. The effects of co-treatment with AE on intracellular signaling pathways and their downstream gene and protein expressions were examined using real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Rat AE prepared from inguinal adipose tissues was intra-articularly delivered to the knee joints of rats with experimental osteoarthritis (OA), and the effect of AE on cartilage destruction was evaluated histologically. In vitro, co-treatment with IL-1β combined with AE reduced activation of the p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and subsequently downregulated the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4, IL-6, and IL-8, whereas it markedly upregulated the expression of IL-1 receptor type 2 (IL-1R2) in chondrocytes. Intra-articular injection of homologous AE significantly ameliorated cartilage destruction six weeks postoperatively in the rat OA model. These results suggested that AE may exert a chondroprotective effect, at least in part, through modulation of the IL-1β-induced inflammatory signaling pathway by upregulation of IL-1R2 expression.
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13
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Yu TT, Xu QF, Li SY, Huang HJ, Dugan S, Shao L, Roggenbuck JA, Liu XT, Liu HZ, Hirsch BA, Yue S, Liu C, Cheng SY. Deletion at an 1q24 locus reveals a critical role of long noncoding RNA DNM3OS in skeletal development. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:47. [PMID: 33653390 PMCID: PMC7923828 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal development and maintenance are complex processes known to be coordinated by multiple genetic and epigenetic signaling pathways. However, the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of crucial epigenetic regulatory molecules, has been under explored in skeletal biology. RESULTS Here we report a young patient with short stature, hypothalamic dysfunction and mild macrocephaly, who carries a maternally inherited 690 kb deletion at Chr.1q24.2 encompassing a noncoding RNA gene, DNM3OS, embedded on the opposite strand in an intron of the DYNAMIN 3 (DNM3) gene. We show that lncRNA DNM3OS sustains the proliferation of chondrocytes independent of two co-cistronic microRNAs miR-199a and miR-214. We further show that nerve growth factor (NGF), a known factor of chondrocyte growth, is a key target of DNM3OS-mediated control of chondrocyte proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that DNM3OS is essential for preventing premature differentiation of chondrocytes required for bone growth through endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Fan Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jie Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Sarah Dugan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MI, 55404, USA
| | - Lei Shao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jennifer A Roggenbuck
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiao-Tong Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huai-Ze Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Betsy A Hirsch
- University of Minnesota Medical Center-Fairview, Minneapolis, MI, 55404, USA
| | - Shen Yue
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Steven Y Cheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 211166, Nanjing, P. R. China.
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14
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Govoni M, Muscari C, Bonafè F, Morselli PG, Cortesi M, Dallari D, Giordano E. A brief very-low oxygen tension regimen is sufficient for the early chondrogenic commitment of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:98-104. [PMID: 33461101 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects exerted over chondrogenic commitment of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) by a very low oxygen tension (<1% pO2). MATERIALS/METHODS Cell morphology, mRNA levels of chondrocyte-specific marker genes and the involvement of p38 MAPK signalling were monitored in human ADSCs under a very low oxygen tension. RESULTS Cell morphology was significantly changed after two days of hypoxic preconditioning when they featured as elongated spindle-shaped cells. SRY-box containing gene 9, aggrecan and collagen type II mRNA levels were enhanced under severe hypoxic culture conditions. Moreover, the inhibition of p38 MAPK resulted in a substantial reduction in transcription of the above-mentioned specific genes, proving the pivotal role of this pathway in the transcriptional regulation of chondrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Here, we propose a protocol showing the early commitment of stem cells towards the chondrogenic phenotype in only 2 days of culture via a very low hypoxic environment, in the absence of growth factors added in the culture medium.
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15
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Zobeiri M, Momtaz S, Parvizi F, Tewari D, Farzaei MH, Nabavi SM. Targeting Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases by Natural Products: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1342-1353. [PMID: 31840607 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191216122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An increase in the prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) as a multifactorial intestinal chronic inflammation as well as the absence of a certain cure, has created an innovative era in the management of IBD by molecule/pathway-based anti-inflammatory approaches. There are credible documentations that demonstrate Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) acts as IBD regulator. Upon the activation of MAPK signalling pathway, the transcription and expression of various encoding inflammatory molecules implicated in IBD are altered, thereby exacerbating the inflammation development. The current pharmacological management of IBD, including drug and biological therapies are expensive, possess temporary relief and some adverse effects. In this context, a variety of dietary fruits or medicinal herbs have received worldwide attention versus the development of IBD. Infact, natural ingredients, such as Flavaglines, Fisetin, Myricitrin, Cardamonin, Curcumin, Octacosanol and Mangiferin possess protective and therapeutic effects against IBD via modulation of different segments of MAPK signaling pathway. This review paper calls attention to the role of MAPK signaling triggered by natural products in the prevention and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Zobeiri
- Internal Medicine Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran,Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Parvizi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Devesh Tewari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144 411, India
| | - Mohammad H Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed M Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Role of the fibroblast growth factor 19 in the skeletal system. Life Sci 2020; 265:118804. [PMID: 33245964 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor family (FGFs) is a kind of cytokine that plays an important role in growth, development, metabolism and disease. During bone development, multiple FGFs and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play important roles. Previous reports have elucidated the great importance of FGF1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 18 in bone development, and FGF21 and 23 in bone homeostasis and bone regulation. FGF19 was initially found in the human foetal brain, and its gene location is related to osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome. Presently, gene chip detection has repeatedly found that FGF19 shows spatiotemporal specificity of gene expression in bone development and bone-related diseases, as well as differences in the protein level, indicating that FGF19 affects the skeletal system. Considering the current insufficient understanding of FGF19 and its potential function in the skeletal system, this review aims to introduce the background of FGF19 in bone, summarise the research progress of FGF19 in the skeletal system, and discuss the role and therapeutic potential of FGF19 in bone development and bone-related diseases.
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17
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Luo Y, Wang AT, Zhang QF, Liu RM, Xiao JH. RASL11B gene enhances hyaluronic acid-mediated chondrogenic differentiation in human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells via the activation of Sox9/ERK/smad signals. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1708-1721. [PMID: 32878463 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220944375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, whereby hyaluronic acid, a main extracellular matrix component of articular cartilage, promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Our previous findings indicated that hyaluronic acid combined with hAMSCs showed a marked therapeutic effect against rat osteoarthritis. In the present study, hyaluronic acid markedly enhanced the expression of chondrocyte-specific markers including Col2α1, Acan, and Sox9 in hAMSCs, with strong synergistic effects on chondrogenic differentiation, in combination with the commonly used inducer, transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3). Microarray analysis showed that Ras-like protein family member 11B (RASL11B) played a pivotal role in the process of hyaluronic acid-mediated chondrogenesis of hAMSCs. This directional differentiation was significantly inhibited by RASL11B knockdown, but RASL11B overexpression dramatically promoted the expression of Sox9, a master chondrogenesis transcriptional factor, at the levels of transcription and translation. Increased Sox9 expression subsequently resulted in high expression levels of Col2α1 and Acan and the accumulation of cartilage-specific matrix components, such as type 2 collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Moreover, we observed that RASL11B activated the signal molecules such as ERK1/2, and Smad2/3 in the presence of hyaluronic acid during TGF-β3-induced chondrogenesis of hAMSCs. Taken together, these findings suggest that hyaluronic acid activates the RASL11B gene to potentiate the chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs via the activation of Sox9 and ERK/Smad signaling, thus providing a new strategy for cartilage defect repairing by hyaluronic acid-based stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.,Guizhou Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Ai-Tong Wang
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Qing-Fang Zhang
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Ru-Ming Liu
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.,Guizhou Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.,Guizhou Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
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18
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Hasan MR, Takatalo M, Ma H, Rice R, Mustonen T, Rice DP. RAB23 coordinates early osteogenesis by repressing FGF10-pERK1/2 and GLI1. eLife 2020; 9:55829. [PMID: 32662771 PMCID: PMC7423339 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding Ras-associated binding protein 23 (RAB23) cause Carpenter Syndrome, which is characterized by multiple developmental abnormalities including polysyndactyly and defects in skull morphogenesis. To understand how RAB23 regulates skull development, we generated Rab23-deficient mice that survive to an age where skeletal development can be studied. Along with polysyndactyly, these mice exhibit premature fusion of multiple sutures resultant from aberrant osteoprogenitor proliferation and elevated osteogenesis in the suture. FGF10-driven FGFR1 signaling is elevated in Rab23-/-sutures with a consequent imbalance in MAPK, Hedgehog signaling and RUNX2 expression. Inhibition of elevated pERK1/2 signaling results in the normalization of osteoprogenitor proliferation with a concomitant reduction of osteogenic gene expression, and prevention of craniosynostosis. Our results suggest a novel role for RAB23 as an upstream negative regulator of both FGFR and canonical Hh-GLI1 signaling, and additionally in the non-canonical regulation of GLI1 through pERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rakibul Hasan
- Craniofacial Development and Malformations research group, Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Takatalo
- Craniofacial Development and Malformations research group, Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hongqiang Ma
- Craniofacial Development and Malformations research group, Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Rice
- Craniofacial Development and Malformations research group, Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Mustonen
- Craniofacial Development and Malformations research group, Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Pc Rice
- Craniofacial Development and Malformations research group, Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Chien SY, Tsai CH, Liu SC, Huang CC, Lin TH, Yang YZ, Tang CH. Noggin Inhibits IL-1β and BMP-2 Expression, and Attenuates Cartilage Degeneration and Subchondral Bone Destruction in Experimental Osteoarthritis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040927. [PMID: 32290085 PMCID: PMC7226847 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory and progressive joint disease that results in cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) is abundantly expressed in OA and plays a crucial role in cartilage remodeling, although its role in the activity of chondrocytes in cartilage and subchondral remodeling remains unclear. In this study, stimulating chondrogenic ATDC5 cells with IL-1β increased the levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), promoted articular cartilage degradation, and enhanced structural remodeling. Immunohistochemistry staining and microcomputed tomography imaging of the subchondral trabecular bone region in the experimental OA rat model revealed that the OA disease promotes levels of IL-1β, BMP-2, and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) expression in the articular cartilage and enhances subchondral bone remodeling. The intra-articular injection of Noggin protein (a BMP-2 inhibitor) attenuated subchondral bone remodeling and disease progression in OA rats. We also found that IL-1β increased BMP-2 expression by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and specificity protein 1 (Sp1) signaling pathways. We conclude that IL-1β promotes BMP-2 expression in chondrocytes via the MEK/ERK/Sp1 signaling pathways. The administration of Noggin protein reduces the expression of IL-1β and BMP-2, which prevents cartilage degeneration and OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yu Chien
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404393, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404022, Taiwan;
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 651012, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan;
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404022, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Lin
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Yu-Zhen Yang
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310401, Taiwan; (T.-H.L.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404022, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 7726)
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20
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Schivo S, Khurana S, Govindaraj K, Scholma J, Kerkhofs J, Zhong L, Huang X, van de Pol J, Langerak R, van Wijnen AJ, Geris L, Karperien M, Post JN. ECHO, the executable CHOndrocyte: A computational model to study articular chondrocytes in health and disease. Cell Signal 2020; 68:109471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Xu Y, Wang YQ, Wang AT, Yu CY, Luo Y, Liu RM, Zhao YJ, Xiao JH. Effect of CD44 on differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes via Smad and ERK signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:2357-2366. [PMID: 32236637 PMCID: PMC7185282 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 antigen (CD44) is a transmembrane protein found in cell adhesion molecules and is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes in cells. It was hypothesized that CD44 directly affected the chondrogenic differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). In the present study, the expression of chondrocyte-associated factors was detected in the absence and presence of the antibody blocker anti-CD44 antibody during the chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs. Following inhibition of CD44 expression, the transcriptional levels of chondrocyte-associated genes SRY-box transcription factor 9, aggrecan and collagen type II α 1 chain, as well as the production of chondrocyte markers type II collagen and aggrecan were significantly decreased in hAMSCs. Further investigation indicated that there was no significant change in total ERK1/2 expression following inhibition of CD44 expression; however, phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 expression was decreased. The expression of p-Smad2/3 was also upregulated following CD44 inhibition. These data indicated that CD44 may affect the differentiation of hAMSCs into chondrocytes by regulating the Smad2/3 and ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Wang
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Tong Wang
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Yin Yu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Ming Liu
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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22
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Li J, Narayanan K, Zhang Y, Hill RC, He F, Hansen KC, Pei M. Role of lineage-specific matrix in stem cell chondrogenesis. Biomaterials 2019; 231:119681. [PMID: 31864016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage repair in clinics is a challenge owing to the limited regenerative capacities of cartilage. Synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are suggested as tissue-specific stem cells for chondrogenesis. In this study, we hypothesize that decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) deposited by SDSCs could provide a superior tissue-specific matrix microenvironment for optimal rejuvenation of adult SDSCs for cartilage regeneration. dECMs were deposited by adult stem cells with varying chondrogenic capacities; SDSCs (strong) (SECM), adipose-derived stem cells (weak) (AECM) and dermal fibroblasts (weak) (DECM), and urine-derived stem cells (none) (UECM). Plastic flasks (Plastic) were used as a control substrate. Human SDSCs were expanded on the above substrates for one passage and examined for chondrogenic capacities. We found that each dECM consisted of unique matrix proteins and exhibited varied stiffnesses, which affected cell morphology and elasticity. Human SDSCs grown on dECMs displayed a significant increase in cell proliferation and unique surface phenotypes. Under induction media, dECM expanded cells yielded pellets with a dramatically increased number of chondrogenic markers. Interestingly, SECM expanded cells had less potential for hypertrophy compared to those grown on other dECMs, indicating that a tissue-specific matrix might provide a superior microenvironment for stem cell chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; Department of Dermatology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Narayanan
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Ryan C Hill
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Fan He
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, China
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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23
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Cheng BF, Lian JJ, Yang HJ, Wang L, Yu HH, Bi JJ, Gao YX, Chen SJ, Wang M, Feng ZW. Neural cell adhesion molecule regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy in chondrogenic differentiation and experimental osteoarthritis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 9:273-283. [PMID: 31742919 PMCID: PMC6988767 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte hypertrophy-like change is an important pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanism remains largely unknown. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is highly expressed and involved in the chondrocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we found that NCAM deficiency accelerates chondrocyte hypertrophy in articular cartilage and growth plate of OA mice. NCAM deficiency leads to hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation in both murine MSCs and chondrogenic cells, in which extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling plays an important role. Moreover, NCAM expression is downregulated in an interleukin-1β-stimulated OA cellular model and monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA rats. Overexpression of NCAM substantially inhibits hypertrophic differentiation in the OA cellular model. In conclusion, NCAM could inhibit hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation of MSCs by inhibiting ERK signaling and reduce chondrocyte hypertrophy in experimental OA model, suggesting the potential utility of NCAM as a novel therapeutic target for alleviating chondrocyte hypertrophy of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Feng Cheng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jiang Lian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Laboratory of Receptor-based Bio-medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jie Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Heng Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Bi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Xin Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Juan Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Feng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
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24
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Alteration of the Total Cellular Glycome during Late Differentiation of Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143546. [PMID: 31331074 PMCID: PMC6678350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal articular cartilage, chondrocytes do not readily proliferate or terminally differentiate, and exhibit a low level of metabolism. Hypertrophy-like changes of chondrocytes have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by inducing protease-mediated cartilage degradation and calcification; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are unclear. Glycans are located on the outermost cell surface. Dynamic cellular differentiation can be monitored and quantitatively characterized by profiling the glycan structures of total cellular glycoproteins. This study aimed to clarify the alterations in glycans upon late differentiation of chondrocytes, during which hypertrophy-like changes occur. Primary mouse chondrocytes were differentiated using an insulin-induced chondro-osteogenic differentiation model. Comprehensive glycomics, including N-glycans, O-glycans, free oligosaccharides, glycosaminoglycan, and glycosphingolipid, were analyzed for the chondrocytes after 0-, 10- and 20-days cultivation. The comparison and clustering of the alteration of glycans upon hypertrophy-like changes of primary chondrocytes were performed. Comprehensive glycomic analyses provided complementary alterations in the levels of various glycans derived from glycoconjugates during hypertrophic differentiation. In addition, expression of genes related to glycan biosynthesis and metabolic processes was significantly correlated with glycan alterations. Our results indicate that total cellular glycan alterations are closely associated with chondrocyte hypertrophy and help to describe the glycophenotype by chondrocytes and their hypertrophic differentiation. our results will assist the identification of diagnostic and differentiation biomarkers in the future.
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25
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Role of SMPD3 during Bone Fracture Healing and Regulation of Its Expression. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00370-18. [PMID: 30530524 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00370-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3), a lipid-metabolizing enzyme present in bone and cartilage, has important roles in the developing skeleton. We previously showed that SMPD3 deficiency results in delayed extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and severe skeletal deformities in an inducible knockout mouse model, Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice, in which Smpd3 was ablated in Osx-expressing chondrocytes and osteoblasts during early skeletogenesis. However, as shown in the current study, ablation of Smpd3 postnatally in 3-month-old Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice resulted in only a mild bone mineralization defect. Interestingly, though, there was a marked increase of unmineralized osteoid in the fractured tibiae of 3-month-old Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice. As was the case in the embryonic bones, we also observed impaired chondrocyte apoptosis at the fracture sites of Smpd3flox/flox ; Osx-Cre mice. We further examined how Smpd3 expression is regulated in ATDC5 chondrogenic cells by two major regulators of chondrogenesis, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and PTHrP. Our data show that BMP-2 positively regulates Smpd3 expression via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Taken together, our findings show that SMPD3 plays a significant role in ECM mineralization and chondrocyte apoptosis during fracture healing. Furthermore, our gene expression analyses suggest that BMP-2 and PTHrP exert opposing effects on the regulation of Smpd3 expression in chondrocytes.
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26
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Savvidou O, Milonaki M, Goumenos S, Flevas D, Papagelopoulos P, Moutsatsou P. Glucocorticoid signaling and osteoarthritis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 480:153-166. [PMID: 30445185 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones synthesized and released by the adrenal cortex. Their main function is to maintain cell homeostasis through a variety of signaling pathways, responding to changes in an organism's environment or developmental status. Mimicking the actions of natural glucocorticoids, synthetic glucocorticoids have been recruited to treat many diseases that implicate glucocorticoid receptor signaling such as osteoarthritis. In osteoarthritis, synthetic glucocorticoids aim to alleviate inflammation and pain. The variation of patients' response and the possibility of complications associated with their long-term use have led to a need for a better understanding of glucocorticoid receptor signaling in osteoarthritis. In this review, we performed a literature search in the molecular pathways that link the osteoarthritic joint to the glucocorticoid receptor signaling. We hope that this information will advance research in the field and propose new molecular targets for the development of more optimized therapies for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Savvidou
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Mandy Milonaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Stavros Goumenos
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Flevas
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Panayiotis Papagelopoulos
- First Department of Orthopaedics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Paraskevi Moutsatsou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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27
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Endisha H, Rockel J, Jurisica I, Kapoor M. The complex landscape of microRNAs in articular cartilage: biology, pathology, and therapeutic targets. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121630. [PMID: 30185670 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The disabling degenerative disease osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent among the global population. Articular cartilage degeneration is a central feature of OA; therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms that maintain cartilage homeostasis is vital for developing effective therapeutic interventions. MicroRNAs (miRs) modulate cell signaling pathways and various processes in articular cartilage via posttranscriptional repression of target genes. As dysregulated miRs frequently alter the homeostasis of articular cartilage, modulating select miRs presents a potential therapeutic opportunity for OA. Here, we review key miRs that have been shown to modulate cartilage-protective or -destructive mechanisms and signaling pathways. Additionally, we use an integrative computational biology approach to provide insight into predicted miR gene targets that may contribute to OA pathogenesis, and highlight the complexity of miR signaling in OA by generating both unique and overlapping gene targets of miRs that mediate protective or destructive effects. Early OA detection would enable effective prevention; thus, miRs are being explored as diagnostic biomarkers. We discuss these ongoing efforts and the applicability of miR mimics and antisense inhibitors as potential OA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal Endisha
- Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Rockel
- Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Han Y, Kim SJ. Simvastatin-dependent actin cytoskeleton rearrangement regulates differentiation via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and p38 kinase pathways in rabbit articular chondrocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 834:197-205. [PMID: 30009811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cell morphology involve changes in the actin cytoskeleton and play crucial roles in determining chondrocyte phenotypes. Although the effects of simvastatin (SV) have been demonstrated in various cell types, the mechanisms and effects of SV on chondrocyte differentiation and actin cytoskeletal rearrangement are still unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of actin filament rearrangement on SV-induced differentiation of rabbit articular chondrocytes. Treatment with SV caused actin remodeling in comparison with that in untreated chondrocytes, as determined by immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, treatment with cytochalasin D (CD) and jasplakinolide (JAS), which modulate actin filament formation, resulted in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton compared with that induced by SV in chondrocytes. In addition, CD synergistically enhanced the SV-induced increase in type II collagen expression, whereas JAS dramatically inhibited SV-induced differentiation. We also found that differentiation via SV-dependent actin cytoskeleton changes was regulated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 and p38 kinase pathways. These results demonstrated that actin cytoskeletal rearrangement by SV regulated type II collagen expression and suggested that ERK-1/2 and p38 kinase pathways may play important roles in SV-induced type II collagen expression by altering actin cytoskeletal reorganization in rabbit articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Ripmeester EGJ, Timur UT, Caron MMJ, Welting TJM. Recent Insights into the Contribution of the Changing Hypertrophic Chondrocyte Phenotype in the Development and Progression of Osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:18. [PMID: 29616218 PMCID: PMC5867295 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an extremely prevalent age-related condition. The economic and societal burden due to the cost of symptomatic treatment, inability to work, joint replacement, and rehabilitation is huge and increasing. Currently, there are no effective medical therapies that delay or reverse the pathological manifestations of OA. Current treatment options are, without exception, focused on slowing down progression of the disease to postpone total joint replacement surgery for as long as possible and keeping the associated pain and joint immobility manageable. Alterations in the articular cartilage chondrocyte phenotype might be fundamental in the pathological mechanisms of OA development. In many ways, the changing chondrocyte phenotype in osteoarthritic cartilage resembles the process of endochondral ossification as seen, for instance, in developing growth plates. However, the relative contribution of endochondral ossification to the changing chondrocyte phenotype in the development and progression of OA remains poorly described. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge regarding the cartilage endochondral phenotypic changes occurring during OA development and progression, as well as the molecular and environmental effectors driving these changes. Understanding how these molecular mechanisms determine the chondrocyte cell fate in OA will be essential in enabling cartilage regenerative approaches in future treatments of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen G J Ripmeester
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ufuk Tan Timur
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
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30
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Han YC, Ma B, Guo S, Yang M, Li LJ, Wang SJ, Tan J. Leptin regulates disc cartilage endplate degeneration and ossification through activation of the MAPK-ERK signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2098-2109. [PMID: 29372627 PMCID: PMC5867127 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings demonstrate that leptin plays a significant role in chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. However, the mechanisms by which leptin acts on cartilage endplate (CEP) cells to give rise to calcification are still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of leptin that induced mineralization of CEP cells in vitro and in vivo. We constructed a rat model of lumbar disc degeneration and determined that leptin was highly expressed in the presence of CEP calcification. Rat CEP cells treated with or without leptin were used for in vitro analysis using RT‐PCR and Western blotting to examine the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Both OCN and Runx2 expression levels were significantly increased in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Leptin activated ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in a time‐dependent manner. Inhibition of phosphorylated ERK1/2 using targeted siRNA suppressed leptin‐induced OCN and Runx2 expression and blocked the formation of mineralized nodules in CEP cells. We further demonstrated that exogenous leptin induced matrix mineralization of CEP cells in vivo. We suggest that leptin promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of CEP cells via the MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathway and may be used to investigate the mechanisms of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chao Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjie Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Jin Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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31
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Deshmukh V, Hu H, Barroga C, Bossard C, Kc S, Dellamary L, Stewart J, Chiu K, Ibanez M, Pedraza M, Seo T, Do L, Cho S, Cahiwat J, Tam B, Tambiah JRS, Hood J, Lane NE, Yazici Y. A small-molecule inhibitor of the Wnt pathway (SM04690) as a potential disease modifying agent for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:18-27. [PMID: 28888902 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of cartilage and increased subchondral bone within synovial joints. Wnt signaling affects the pathogenesis of OA as this pathway modulates both the differentiation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and production of catabolic proteases. A novel small-molecule Wnt pathway inhibitor, SM04690, was evaluated in a series of in vitro and in vivo animal studies to determine its effects on chondrogenesis, cartilage protection and synovial-lined joint pathology. DESIGN A high-throughput screen was performed using a cell-based reporter assay for Wnt pathway activity to develop a small molecule designated SM04690. Its properties were evaluated in bone-marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to assess chondrocyte differentiation and effects on cartilage catabolism by immunocytochemistry and gene expression, and glycosaminoglycan breakdown. In vivo effects of SM04690 on Wnt signaling, cartilage regeneration and protection were measured using biochemical and histopathological techniques in a rodent acute cruciate ligament tear and partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT + pMMx) OA model. RESULTS SM04690 induced hMSC differentiation into mature, functional chondrocytes and decreased cartilage catabolic marker levels compared to vehicle. A single SM04690 intra-articular (IA) injection was efficacious in a rodent OA model, with increased cartilage thickness, evidence for cartilage regeneration, and protection from cartilage catabolism observed, resulting in significantly improved Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histology scores and biomarkers, compared to vehicle. CONCLUSIONS SM04690 induced chondrogenesis and appeared to inhibit joint destruction in a rat OA model, and is a candidate for a potential disease modifying therapy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Hu
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - S Kc
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - K Chiu
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - M Ibanez
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - T Seo
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - L Do
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - S Cho
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - B Tam
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - J Hood
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - N E Lane
- University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Y Yazici
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
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32
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Neidlin M, Korcari A, Macheras G, Alexopoulos LG. Cue-Signal-Response Analysis in 3D Chondrocyte Scaffolds with Anabolic Stimuli. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 46:345-353. [PMID: 29147820 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is an avascular connective tissue responsible for bearing loads. Cell signaling plays a central role in cartilage homeostasis and tissue engineering by directing chondrocytes to synthesize/degrade the extracellular matrix or promote inflammatory responses. The aim of this paper was to investigate anabolic, catabolic and inflammatory pathways of well-known and underreported anabolic stimuli in 3D chondrocyte cultures and connect them to diverse cartilage responses including matrix regeneration and cell communication. A cue-signal-response experiment was performed in chondrocytes embedded in alginate scaffolds subjected to a 9-day treatment with 7 anabolic cues. At the signaling level diverse pathways were measured whereas at the response level glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and cytokine releases were monitored. A significant increase of GAG was observed for each stimulus and well known anabolic phosphoproteins were activated. In addition, WNK1, an underreported protein of chondrocyte signaling, was uncovered. At the extracellular level, inflammatory and regulating cytokines were measured and DEFB1 and CXCL10 were identified as novel contributors to chondrocyte responses, both closely linked to TLR signaling and inflammation. Finally, two new pro-growth factors with an inflammatory potential, Cadherin-11 and MGP were observed. Interestingly, well-known anabolic stimuli yielded inflammatory responses which pinpoints to the pleiotropic roles of individual stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Neidlin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonion Korcari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Leonidas G Alexopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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33
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Xu W, Wang Y, Zhao H, Fan B, Guo K, Cai M, Zhang S. Delta-like 2 negatively regulates chondrogenic differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:6574-6582. [PMID: 29057471 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Delta-like 2 (Dlk2), a glycoprotein highly homologous to Dlk1, belongs to the Notch/Delta/Serrata family. Dlk2 has been shown to be an important regulator of adipogenesis; however, its role in other cellular differentiation processes is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the role of Dlk2 in chondrogenic differentiation. We found that Dlk2 overexpression promoted the growth of ATDC5 cells but inhibited insulin-induced ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation, as supported by the reduction in cartilage matrix formation and gene expression of aggrecan (acan), collagentype II (col2a1) and X (col10a1). In contrast, Dlk2 silencing inhibited the proliferation of ATDC5 cells but enhanced their chondrogenic differentiation. We then evaluated the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are activated by insulin during the chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells. Overexpression of Dlk2 protein strongly promoted the activation of p38, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, as expected, Dlk2 silencing inhibited the activation of p38, but had no effect on the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. Finally, we also detected the expression of Dlk2 in mouse epiphyseal cartilage during embryo development. The expression of the Dlk2 protein in the limb bud could be detected at embryonic day 11.5; additionally, it was found to decrease in the superficial zones, but remained unchanged in the deep/hypertrophic zones. In conclusion, our results suggested that Dlk2 acted as an important regulator of chondrogenesis through the p38 pathway. These findings may lead to strategies for the treatment of cartilage-related diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haoming Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Baotin Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ke Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ming Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shanyong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Dai X, Song R, Xiong Y. The expression of ERK and JNK in patients with an endemic osteochondropathy, Kashin-Beck disease. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:337-341. [PMID: 28807789 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic, endemic osteochondropathy. Its etiopathogenesis is still obscure until now. Epidemiological observation has shown that low selenium play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of KBD. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily, play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB), an important signaling mediator for inflammatory and immune responses, is involved in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the expression of ERK and JNK signal molecular, as well as nuclear factor-ĸB in the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease, evaluated the effect of selenium on ERK signal pathway. The expression levels of ERK and JNK signal pathway, as well as nuclear factor-ĸB were investigated for 218 patients and 209 controls by immunoblot analysis in whole blood. Evaluated the effect of selenium on ERK signal pathway by Na2SeO3 treatment. The protein levels of pRaf-1, pMek1/2 and pErk1/2 decreased significantly in KBD patients, p-JNK and NF-ĸB increased in KBD patients. Furthermore, Na2SeO3 treatment improved the reduction of proteins in ERK signal pathway. These findings indicated that ERK and JNK signaling pathways, as well as the expression level of NF-κB signaling molecular are important contributor to the pathogenesis of KBD. Selenium stimulates the phosphorylation of the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoXia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the people's Rupublic of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - RuiXia Song
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the people's Rupublic of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - YongMin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the people's Rupublic of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Friction-Induced Mitochondrial Dysregulation Contributes to Joint Deterioration in Prg4 Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061252. [PMID: 28604608 PMCID: PMC5486075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of PRG4 (lubricin), the boundary lubricant in mammalian joints, contributes to increased joint friction accompanied by superficial and upper intermediate zone chondrocyte caspase-3 activation, as shown in lubricin-null (Prg4-/-) mice. Caspase-3 activity appears to be reversible upon the restitution of Prg4 either endogenously in vivo, in a gene trap mouse, or as an applied lubricant in vitro. In this study we show that intra-articular injection of human PRG4 in vivo in Prg4-/- mice prevented caspase-3 activation in superficial zone chondrocytes and was associated with a modest decrease in whole joint friction measured ex vivo using a joint pendulum method. Non-lubricated Prg4-/- mouse cartilage shows caspase cascade activation caused by mitochondrial dysregulation, and significantly higher levels of peroxynitrite (ONOO- and -OH) and superoxide (O-₂) compared to Prg4+/+ and Prg4+/- cartilage. Enzymatic activity levels of caspase 8 across Prg4 mutant mice were not significantly different, indicating no extrinsic apoptosis pathway activation. Western blots showed caspase-3 and 9 activation in Prg4-/- tissue extracts, and the appearance of nitrosylated Cys163 in the active cleft of caspase-3 which inhibits its enzymatic activity. These findings are relevant to patients at risk for arthrosis, from camptodactyl-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome and transient lubricin insufficiency due to trauma and inflammation.
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Zhang LB, Man ZT, Li W, Zhang W, Wang XQ, Sun S. Calcitonin protects chondrocytes from lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response through MAPK/Wnt/NF-κB pathways. Mol Immunol 2017; 87:249-257. [PMID: 28514714 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin (CT) is an anti-absorbent, which has long been used for treatment of osteoporosis. However, little information is available about the effects of CT on osteoarthritis (OA). This study was mainly aimed to explore the effects of CT on the treatment of OA, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Chondrocytes were isolated from immature mice and then were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CT, small interfering (si) RNA against bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, and/or the inhibitors of MAPK/Wnt/NF-κB pathway. Thereafter, cell viability, apoptosis, nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory factors productions, and expression levels of cartilage synthesis protein key factors, cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein (CDMP) 1, SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9 protein (SOX9), and MAPK/Wnt/NF-κB pathways key factors were determined. CT significantly reversed LPS-induced cell viability decrease, apoptosis increase, the inflammatory factors and NO secretion, the abnormally expression of cartilage synthesis proteins and the activation of MAPK/Wnt/NF-κB pathways (P<0.05). In addition, we observed that administration of the inhibitors of MAPK/Wnt/NF-κB pathways statistically further increased the levels of CDMP1 and SOX9 (P<0.05). Suppression of BMP-2 decreased the levels of CDMP1 and SOX9 and activated MAPK/Wnt/NF-κB pathways, and could partially abolish CT-modulated the expression changes in CDMP1 and SOX9, and MAPK/Wnt/NF-κB pathways key factors (P<0.05). The results showed that CT protects chondrocytes from LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response by regulating BMP-2 and thus blocking MAPK/Wnt/NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Zhen-Tao Man
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xian-Quan Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Shui Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China.
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Ba P, Duan X, Fu G, Lv S, Yang P, Sun Q. Differential effects of p38 and Erk1/2 on the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:63-68. [PMID: 28498451 PMCID: PMC5482129 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein-kinase pathways serve important roles in the regulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the exact mechanism remains unclear, and the effect is controversial. In the present study, the effects of Erk1/2 and p38 on the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were compared in vitro. The results indicated that inhibition of Erk1/2 is able to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs and inhibit chondrogenic differentiation, whereas inhibition of p38 demonstrated the opposite effect. When compared with previous studies, the present study further confirmed that Erk1/2 and p38 serve important, but complicated, roles in regulating the differentiation of MSCs. Different chemical and physical stimuli, cell types, culture methods, times of inhibitor administration and the dosage of the inhibitor may influence the effect of Erk1/2 and p38 on the differentiation of MSCs. The present study aims to better understand the mechanisms that control the differentiation of MSCs and may be helpful in creating more effective tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ba
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory, WeGo Group Co., Ltd., Weihai, Shandong 264210, P.R. China
| | - Guo Fu
- Department of Periodontology, Weihai Stomatological Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Lv
- Department of Periodontology, Weihai Stomatological Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Pishan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qinfeng Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Sliz E, Taipale M, Welling M, Skarp S, Alaraudanjoki V, Ignatius J, Ruddock L, Nissi R, Männikkö M. TUFT1, a novel candidate gene for metatarsophalangeal osteoarthritis, plays a role in chondrogenesis on a calcium-related pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175474. [PMID: 28410428 PMCID: PMC5391938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder and genetic factors have been shown to have a significant role in its etiology. The first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP I) is highly susceptible to development of OA due to repetitive mechanical stress during walking. We used whole exome sequencing to study genetic defect(s) predisposing to familial early-onset bilateral MTP I OA inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. A nonsynonymous single nucleotide variant rs41310883 (c.524C>T, p.Thr175Met) in TUFT1 gene was found to co-segregate perfectly with MTP I OA. The role of TUFT1 and the relevance of the identified variant in pathogenesis of MTP I OA were further assessed using functional in vitro analyses. The variant reduced TUFT1 mRNA and tuftelin protein expression in HEK293 cells. ATDC5 cells overexpressing wild type (wt) or mutant TUFT1 were cultured in calcifying conditions and chondrogenic differentiation was found to be inhibited in both cell populations, as indicated by decreased marker gene expression when compared with the empty vector control cells. Also, the formation of cartilage nodules was diminished in both TUFT1 overexpressing ATDC5 cell populations. At the end of the culturing period the calcium content of the extracellular matrix was significantly increased in cells overexpressing mutant TUFT1 compared to cells overexpressing wt TUFT1 and control cells, while the proteoglycan content was reduced. These data imply that overexpression of TUFT1 in ATDC5 inhibits chondrogenic differentiation, and the identified variant may contribute to the pathogenesis of OA by increasing calcification and reducing amount of proteoglycans in the articular cartilage extracellular matrix thus making cartilage susceptible for degeneration and osteophyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Sliz
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari Taipale
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maiju Welling
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sini Skarp
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Viivi Alaraudanjoki
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Ignatius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lloyd Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ritva Nissi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Fellows CR, Matta C, Zakany R, Khan IM, Mobasheri A. Adipose, Bone Marrow and Synovial Joint-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair. Front Genet 2016; 7:213. [PMID: 28066501 PMCID: PMC5167763 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cell-based repair strategies have proven unsuccessful for treating cartilage defects and osteoarthritic lesions, consequently advances in innovative therapeutics are required and mesenchymal stem cell-based (MSC) therapies are an expanding area of investigation. MSCs are capable of differentiating into multiple cell lineages and exerting paracrine effects. Due to their easy isolation, expansion, and low immunogenicity, MSCs are an attractive option for regenerative medicine for joint repair. Recent studies have identified several MSC tissue reservoirs including in adipose tissue, bone marrow, cartilage, periosteum, and muscle. MSCs isolated from these discrete tissue niches exhibit distinct biological activities, and have enhanced regenerative potentials for different tissue types. Each MSC type has advantages and disadvantages for cartilage repair and their use in a clinical setting is a balance between expediency and effectiveness. In this review we explore the challenges associated with cartilage repair and regeneration using MSC-based cell therapies and provide an overview of phenotype, biological activities, and functional properties for each MSC population. This paper also specifically explores the therapeutic potential of each type of MSC, particularly focusing on which cells are capable of producing stratified hyaline-like articular cartilage regeneration. Finally we highlight areas for future investigation. Given that patients present with a variety of problems it is unlikely that cartilage regeneration will be a simple "one size fits all," but more likely an array of solutions that need to be applied systematically to achieve regeneration of a biomechanically competent repair tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Csaba Matta
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of SurreyGuildford, UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Roza Zakany
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilyas M. Khan
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea, UK
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of SurreyGuildford, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queen's Medical CentreNottingham, UK
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Sheik Salem Bin Mahfouz Scientific Chair for Treatment of Osteoarthritis with Stem Cells, King AbdulAziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Choi E, Lee J, Lee S, Song BW, Seo HH, Cha MJ, Lim S, Lee C, Song SW, Han G, Hwang KC. Potential therapeutic application of small molecule with sulfonamide for chondrogenic differentiation and articular cartilage repair. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5098-5102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Han Y, Kim SJ. Simvastatin induces differentiation of rabbit articular chondrocytes via the ERK-1/2 and p38 kinase pathways. Exp Cell Res 2016; 346:198-205. [PMID: 27475840 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Statins are competitive inhibitors of hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, a key enzyme involved in the conversion of HMG-CoA to the cholesterol precursor mevalonate. Some statins, such as simvastatin (simvastatin), have been shown to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects, reducing cartilage degradation in osteoarthritic rabbits in vivo. However, the regulatory mechanisms undergirding simvastatin mediated chondrocyte differentiation have not been well elucidated. Thus, we investigated the action and mechanism of simvastatin on differentiation of rabbit articular chondrocytes through western blot analyses, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Simvastatin treatment was found to induce type II collagen expression and sulfated-proteoglycan synthesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Indeed, RT-PCR revealed increased expression of type II collagen on treatment with simvastatin. Both IHC and IF staining indicated differentiation of chondrocytes. Simvastatin treatment reduced activation of ERK-1/2 and stimulated activation of p38 kinase. Inhibition of ERK-1/2 with PD98059 enhanced simvastatin induced differentiation, whereas inhibition of p38 kinase with SB203580 inhibited simvastatin induced differentiation. Simvastatin treatment also inhibits loss of type II collagen in serial monolayer culture. Collectively, our results indicate that ERK-1/2 and p38 kinase regulate simvastatin-induced differentiation of chondrocytes in opposing manners. Thus, these findings suggest that simvastatin may be a potential therapeutic drug for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Daehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Daehakro 56, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
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Lafont JE, Poujade FA, Pasdeloup M, Neyret P, Mallein-Gerin F. Hypoxia potentiates the BMP-2 driven COL2A1 stimulation in human articular chondrocytes via p38 MAPK. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:856-67. [PMID: 26708156 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the biological effect of cartilage mediators is generally studied in a non-physiologic environment of 21% O2, we investigated the effects of a chronic hypoxia on the capability of articular chondrocytes to respond to one anabolic stimulation. DESIGN Human Articular Chondrocytes (HACs) were cultured under hypoxia and stimulated with the chondrogenic growth factor BMP-2. The phenotype of the chondrocytes was studied by RT-PCR, and the cartilage-specific type II collagen production and deposition were also examined by western immunoblot and immunofluorescence. The Bone Morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway was also analysed. RESULTS BMP-2 is much more efficient to stimulate the expression of the cartilage-specific gene COL2A1 by HACs when cultured under hypoxia (1%O2) compared to normoxia (21%O2). Analysis of the BMP-activated signalling shows that the Smad pathway is inhibited under hypoxia, whereas p38 MAPK is activated, and is involved in a synergy between hypoxia and BMP signalling, thus contributing to the enhanced anabolic response. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that hypoxia interplays with a chondrogenic factor and enhances the overall anabolic activity of the HACs. Alternatively to Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) signalling, and through a cross-talk with the BMP signalling which involves the p38 pathway, hypoxic stimulation markedly increases the capability of chondrocytes to produce the cartilage-specific type II collagen. Therefore our study provides new evidences of the multilayered effects of hypoxia in the anabolic functions of chondrocytes. This understanding may help promoting the anabolic function of articular chondrocytes, and thus improving their manipulation for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Lafont
- Institute for Biology and Chemistry of Proteins, CNRS, UMR 5305 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1 and University of Lyon, France.
| | - F-A Poujade
- Institute for Biology and Chemistry of Proteins, CNRS, UMR 5305 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1 and University of Lyon, France
| | - M Pasdeloup
- Institute for Biology and Chemistry of Proteins, CNRS, UMR 5305 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1 and University of Lyon, France
| | - P Neyret
- Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, 103 grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon Cedex 04, France
| | - F Mallein-Gerin
- Institute for Biology and Chemistry of Proteins, CNRS, UMR 5305 Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1 and University of Lyon, France
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Xia P, Shen S, Lin Q, Cheng K, Ren S, Gao M, Li X. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Treatment at an Early Osteoarthritis Stage Protects Rabbit Cartilage From Damage via the Integrin/Focal Adhesion Kinase/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2015; 34:1991-1999. [PMID: 26396170 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.14.10016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) has different protective effects on early and late rabbit osteoarthritis cartilage via the integrin/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. METHODS Thirty-six New Zealand White rabbits were divided into early control, early osteoarthritis, early treatment, late control, late osteoarthritis, and late treatment groups. The early and late osteoarthritis and treatment groups underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection. The remaining groups underwent sham operations with knee joint exposure. The early and late treatment groups were exposed to low-intensity pulsed US 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. After 6 weeks of US exposure, pathologic changes on the articular surface of the femoral condyle were assessed by modified Mankin scores. Expression of type II collagen, matrix metalloproteinase, integrin β1, phosphorylated FAK, and MAPKs (including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, MAPK 38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase) was assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Cartilage damage was less severe in the early treatment group than the early osteoarthritis group. The Mankin score was significantly lower in the early treatment group than the early osteoarthritis group (P < .05). There was no significant difference in cartilage damage or Mankin score between the late treatment and late osteoarthritis groups. There was a significant increase in type II collagen expression but a significant decrease in matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression in the early treatment group compared to the early osteoarthritis group, whereas no significant difference was found between the late treatment and late osteoarthritis groups. Integrin β1 and phosphorylated FAK expression was significantly higher, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphorylated MAPK 38 expression was significantly lower in the early treatment group than the early osteoarthritis group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that low-intensity pulsed US protects cartilage from damage in early-stage osteoarthritis via the integrin/FAK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shihao Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Ren
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingxia Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Zhang Y, Li J, Davis ME, Pei M. Delineation of in vitro chondrogenesis of human synovial stem cells following preconditioning using decellularized matrix. Acta Biomater 2015; 20:39-50. [PMID: 25861949 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As a tissue-specific stem cell for chondrogenesis, synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are a promising cell source for cartilage repair. However, a small biopsy can only provide a limited number of cells. Cell senescence from both in vitro expansion and donor age presents a big challenge for stem cell based cartilage regeneration. Here we found that expansion on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) full of three-dimensional nanostructured fibers provided SDSCs with unique surface profiles, low elasticity but large volume as well as a fibroblast-like shape. dECM expanded SDSCs yielded larger pellets with intensive staining of type II collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans compared to those grown on plastic flasks while SDSCs grown in ECM yielded 28-day pellets with minimal matrix as evidenced by pellet size and chondrogenic marker staining, which was confirmed by both biochemical data and real-time PCR data. Our results also found lower levels of inflammatory genes in dECM expanded SDSCs that might be responsible for enhanced chondrogenic differentiation. Despite an increase in type X collagen in chondrogenically induced cells, dECM expanded cells had significantly lower potential for endochondral bone formation. Wnt and MAPK signals were actively involved in both expansion and chondrogenic induction of dECM expanded cells. Since young and healthy people can be potential donors for this matrix expansion system and decellularization can minimize immune concerns, human SDSCs expanded on this future commercially available dECM could be a potential cell source for autologous cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Mary E Davis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Lu J, Dai J, Wang X, Zhang M, Zhang P, Sun H, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhang W, Zhang L, Jiang X, Shen G. The effect of fibroblast growth factor 9 on the osteogenic differentiation of calvaria-derived mesenchymal cells. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 25:e502-5. [PMID: 25148645 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) plays complicated and crucial roles in bone formation, and the biologic effect of FGF9 may depend on the gene dosage, developmental stage, cell type, or interactions with other cytokines. In this study, we demonstrated that FGF9 enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 in calvaria-derived mesenchymal cells. However, the inhibitory effect of FGF9 on the osteogenic differentiation of calvaria-derived mesenchymal cells did not depend on the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2. Combined with the previous findings that FGF9 promotes dental pulp stem cells chondrogenesis in vitro, we suggest that FGF9 may be applied to promote chondrogenesis and inhibit osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Lu
- From the *Department of Oral & Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; and †Oral Bioengineering Laboratory, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Due to a blood supply shortage, articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-healing once damaged. Articular chondrocytes, cartilage progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells are candidate cells for cartilage regeneration. Significant current attention is paid to improving chondrogenic differentiation capacity; unfortunately, the potential chondrogenic hypertrophy of differentiated cells is largely overlooked. Consequently, the engineered tissue is actually a transient cartilage rather than a permanent one. The development of hypertrophic cartilage ends with the onset of endochondral bone formation which has inferior mechanical properties. In this review, current strategies for inhibition of chondrogenic hypertrophy are comprehensively summarized; the impact of cell source options is discussed; and potential mechanisms underlying these strategies are also categorized. This paper aims to provide guidelines for the prevention of hypertrophy in the regeneration of cartilage tissue. This knowledge may also facilitate the retardation of osteophytes in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Peiliang Fu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ruijun Cong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 10th People's Hospital of Shanghai, Affiliated with Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - HaiShan Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Corresponding author. Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA. Tel.: +1 304 293 1072; fax: +1 304 293 7070.
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Zhao YH, Lv X, Liu YL, Zhao Y, Li Q, Chen YJ, Zhang M. Hydrostatic pressure promotes the proliferation and osteogenic/chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: The roles of RhoA and Rac1. Stem Cell Res 2015; 14:283-96. [PMID: 25794483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that hydrostatic pressure can serve as an active regulator for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The current work further investigates the roles of cytoskeletal regulatory proteins Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) in hydrostatic pressure-related effects on BMSCs. Flow cytometry assays showed that the hydrostatic pressure promoted cell cycle initiation in a RhoA- and Rac1-dependent manner. Furthermore, fluorescence assays confirmed that RhoA played a positive and Rac1 displayed a negative role in the hydrostatic pressure-induced F-actin stress fiber assembly. Western blots suggested that RhoA and Rac1 play central roles in the pressure-inhibited ERK phosphorylation, and Rac1 but not RhoA was involved in the pressure-promoted JNK phosphorylation. Finally, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments showed that pressure promoted the expression of osteogenic marker genes in BMSCs at an early stage of osteogenic differentiation through the up-regulation of RhoA activity. Additionally, the PCR results showed that pressure enhanced the expression of chondrogenic marker genes in BMSCs during chondrogenic differentiation via the up-regulation of Rac1 activity. Collectively, our results suggested that RhoA and Rac1 are critical to the pressure-induced proliferation and differentiation, the stress fiber assembly, and MAPK activation in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yong-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Lu J, Dai J, Wang X, Zhang M, Zhang P, Sun H, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhang W, Zhang L, Jiang X, Shen SG. Effect of fibroblast growth factor 9 on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells and dental pulp stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1661-8. [PMID: 25435023 PMCID: PMC4270321 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) in bone formation may depend on gene dosage, developmental stage, cell type or interactions with other cytokines. In the present study bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were cultured and osteogenically induced in vitro, treated with exogenous FGF9 at varying concentrations. Alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed in order to investigate the gene expression levels of osteogenic markers. The results of the present study demonstrated that FGF9 enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) during osteogenic induction in BMSCs and DPSCs, which are derived from different tissues. FGF9 also inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and DPSCs through the activation of ERK1/2. These findings suggested that FGF9 may be an inhibitor of osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and its application in vivo requires investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Lu
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jiewen Dai
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Steve Guofang Shen
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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A review of crosstalk between MAPK and Wnt signals and its impact on cartilage regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:633-49. [PMID: 25312291 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is a developmental process that is controlled and coordinated by many growth and differentiation factors, in addition to environmental factors that initiate or suppress cellular signaling pathways and the transcription of specific genes in a temporal-spatial manner. As key signaling molecules in regulating cell proliferation, homeostasis and development, both mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and the Wnt family participate in morphogenesis and tissue patterning, playing important roles in skeletal development, especially chondrogenesis. Recent findings suggest that both signals are also actively involved in arthritis and related diseases. Despite the implication that crosstalk between MAPK and Wnt signaling has a significant function in cancer, few studies have summarized this interaction and its regulation of chondrogenesis. In this review, we focus on MAPK and Wnt signaling, referencing their relationships in various types of cells and particularly to their influence on chondrogenesis and cartilage development. We also discuss the interactions between MAPK and Wnt signaling with respect to cartilage-related diseases such as osteoarthritis and explore potential therapeutic targets for disease treatments.
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Zhang Y, Pizzute T, Pei M. Anti-inflammatory strategies in cartilage repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:655-68. [PMID: 24846478 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage defects are normally concomitant with posttraumatic inflammation and pose a major challenge in cartilage repair. Due to the avascular nature of cartilage and its inability to surmount an inflammatory response, the cartilage is easily attacked by proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress; if left untreated, osteoarthritis may develop. Suppression of inflammation has always been a crux for cartilage repair. Pharmacological drugs have been successfully applied in cartilage repair; however, they cannot optimally work alone. This review article will summarize current pharmacological drugs and their application in cartilage repair. The development of extracellular matrix-based scaffolds and preconditioned tissue-specific stem cells will be emphasized because both of these tissue engineering components could contribute to an enhanced ability not only for cartilage regeneration but also for anti-inflammation. These strategies could be combined to boost cartilage repair under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
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