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Sellnow RC, Newman JH, Chambers N, West AR, Steece-Collier K, Sandoval IM, Benskey MJ, Bishop C, Manfredsson FP. Regulation of dopamine neurotransmission from serotonergic neurons by ectopic expression of the dopamine D2 autoreceptor blocks levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:8. [PMID: 30646956 PMCID: PMC6332643 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) are a prevalent side effect of chronic treatment with levodopa (L-DOPA) for the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has long been hypothesized that serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are capable of L-DOPA uptake and dysregulated release of dopamine (DA), and that this “false neurotransmission” phenomenon is a main contributor to LID development. Indeed, many preclinical studies have demonstrated LID management with serotonin receptor agonist treatment, but unfortunately, promising preclinical data has not been translated in large-scale clinical trials. Importantly, while there is an abundance of convincing clinical and preclinical evidence supporting a role of maladaptive serotonergic neurotransmission in LID expression, there is no direct evidence that dysregulated DA release from serotonergic neurons impacts LID formation. In this study, we ectopically expressed the DA autoreceptor D2Rs (or GFP) in the DRN of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rats. No negative impact on the therapeutic efficacy of L-DOPA was seen with rAAV-D2Rs therapy. However, D2Rs treated animals, when subjected to a LID-inducing dose regimen of L-DOPA, remained completely resistant to LID, even at high doses. Moreover, the same subjects remained resistant to LID formation when treated with direct DA receptor agonists, suggesting D2Rs activity in the DRN blocked dyskinesogenic L-DOPA priming of striatal neurons. In vivo microdialysis confirmed that DA efflux in the striatum was reduced with rAAV-D2Rs treatment, providing explicit evidence that abnormal DA release from DRN neurons can affect LID. This is the first direct evidence of dopaminergic neurotransmission in DRN neurons and its modulation with rAAV-D2Rs gene therapy confirms the serotonin hypothesis in LID, demonstrating that regulation of serotonergic neurons achieved with a gene therapy approach offers a novel and potent antidyskinetic therapy.
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Bastide MF, Meissner WG, Picconi B, Fasano S, Fernagut PO, Feyder M, Francardo V, Alcacer C, Ding Y, Brambilla R, Fisone G, Jon Stoessl A, Bourdenx M, Engeln M, Navailles S, De Deurwaerdère P, Ko WKD, Simola N, Morelli M, Groc L, Rodriguez MC, Gurevich EV, Quik M, Morari M, Mellone M, Gardoni F, Tronci E, Guehl D, Tison F, Crossman AR, Kang UJ, Steece-Collier K, Fox S, Carta M, Angela Cenci M, Bézard E. Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26209473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately experienced by the vast majority of patients. In addition, psychiatric conditions often manifested as compulsive behaviours, are emerging as a serious problem in the management of L-dopa therapy. The present review attempts to provide an overview of our current understanding of dyskinesia and other L-dopa-induced dysfunctions, a field that dramatically evolved in the past twenty years. In view of the extensive literature on LID, there appeared a critical need to re-frame the concepts, to highlight the most suitable models, to review the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry that may be involved, and to propose a pathophysiological framework was timely and necessary. An updated review to clarify our understanding of LID and other L-dopa-related side effects was therefore timely and necessary. This review should help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the generation of dyskinetic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu F Bastide
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Feyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Alcacer
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yunmin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Engeln
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvia Navailles
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wai Kin D Ko
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria-Cruz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Tison
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Un Jung Kang
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Susan Fox
- Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8, Canada
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bézard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK.
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Simola N, Morelli M, Frazzitta G, Frau L. Role of movement in long-term basal ganglia changes: implications for abnormal motor responses. Front Comput Neurosci 2013; 7:142. [PMID: 24167489 PMCID: PMC3805948 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) and dyskinesias elicited by drugs that stimulate dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia are a major issue in the management of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Preclinical studies in dopamine-denervated animals have contributed to the modeling of these abnormal movements, but the precise neurochemical and functional mechanisms underlying these untoward effects are still elusive. It has recently been suggested that the performance of movement may itself promote the later emergence of drug-induced motor complications, by favoring the generation of aberrant motor memories in the dopamine-denervated basal ganglia. Our recent results from hemiparkinsonian rats subjected to the priming model of dopaminergic stimulation are in agreement with this. These results demonstrate that early performance of movement is crucial for the manifestation of sensitized rotational behavior, indicative of an abnormal motor response, and neurochemical modifications in selected striatal neurons following a dopaminergic challenge. Building on this evidence, this paper discusses the possible role of movement performance in drug-induced motor complications, with a look at the implications for PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Simola
- 1Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
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4
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Performance of movement in hemiparkinsonian rats influences the modifications induced by dopamine agonists in striatal efferent dynorphinergic neurons. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:663-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pavan B, Paganetto G, Dalpiaz A. Dopamine-sensitive adenylyl cyclases in neuronal development: physiopathological and pharmacological implications. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:520-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
The neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) continues to constitute a valuable topical tool used chiefly in modeling Parkinson's disease in the rat. The classical method of intracerebral infusion of 6-OHDA involving a massive destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, is largely used to investigate motor and biochemical dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease. Subsequently, more subtle models of partial dopaminergic degeneration have been developed with the aim of revealing finer motor deficits. The present review will examine the main features of 6-OHDA models, namely the mechanisms of neurotoxin-induced neurodegeneration as well as several behavioural deficits and motor dysfunctions, including the priming model, modeled by this means. An overview of the most recent morphological and biochemical findings obtained with the 6-OHDA model will also be provided, particular attention being focused on the newly investigated intracellular mechanisms at the striatal level (e.g., A(2A) and NMDA receptors, PKA, CaMKII, ERK kinases, as well as immediate early genes, GAD67 and peptides). Thanks to studies performed in the 6-OHDA model, all these mechanisms have now been hypothesised to represent the site of pathological dysfunction at cellular level in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Simola
- Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Abstract
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant substance, being self-administered throughout a wide range of conditions and present in numerous dietary products. Due to its widespread use and low abuse potential, caffeine is considered an atypical drug of abuse. The main mechanism of action of caffeine occurs via the blockade of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. Adenosine is a modulator of CNS neurotransmission and its modulation of dopamine transmission through A2A receptors has been implicated in the effects of caffeine. This review provides an updated summary of the results reported in the literature concerning the behavioural pharmacology of caffeine and the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the psychostimulant effects elicited by caffeine. The review focuses on the effects of caffeine mediated by adenosine A2A receptors and on the influence that pre-exposure to caffeine may exert on the effects of classical drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Cauli
- Department of Toxicology and Centre of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Tong J, Fitzmaurice PS, Ang LC, Furukawa Y, Guttman M, Kish SJ. Brain dopamine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann Neurol 2004; 55:125-9. [PMID: 14705122 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D(1) receptor is considered to participate in levodopa's antiparkinsonian action and levodopa-induced dyskinesias. We examined the functional status of the D(1) receptor in brain of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Dopamine-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was significantly increased in putamen (+43%) and frontal cortex (+52%) in PD, normal in PSP, but decreased by 47% in putamen in MSA. The supersensitive dopamine D(1) receptors in both striatum and cerebral cortex in PD might compensate for dopamine deficiency, but could also contribute to long-term complications of levodopa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Tong
- Human Neurochemical Pathology Laboratory, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
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9
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Carta AR, Fenu S, Pala P, Tronci E, Morelli M. Selective modifications in GAD67 mRNA levels in striatonigral and striatopallidal pathways correlate to dopamine agonist priming in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Eur J Neurosci 2003; 18:2563-72. [PMID: 14622157 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated long-term alterations in striatal gene expression after single exposure of unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats to different dopamine agonists (priming). Rats were primed with the D1 agonist SKF38393 (10 mg/kg), the D2/D3 agonist quinpirole (0.2 mg/kg), the dopamine precursor L-DOPA (50 mg/kg) or with vehicle (drug-naive), and GAD67, dynorphin and enkephalin mRNAs were evaluated in the striatum by in situ hybridization, 3 days after priming. To evaluate GAD67 mRNA in striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons, identified as enkephalin (-) and (+) neurons, double-labelling in situ hybridization was used. Drug-naive lesioned rats showed an increase in GAD67 mRNA in enkephalin (-) and (+) neurons, an increase in enkephalin and a decrease in dynorphin mRNAs. Priming with either SKF38393 or quinpirole further increased GAD67 mRNA in enkephalin (-) and (+) neurons, however, while SKF38393 produced a high and unbalanced activation toward enkephalin (-) neurons, after quinpirole the increase was of low intensity and similar in the two pathways. Dynorphin mRNA was increased by SKF38393 but not by quinpirole, whereas enkephalin mRNA was not changed by either priming. L-DOPA produced a high and similar increase in GAD67 mRNA in enkephalin (-) and (+) neurons. Priming differentially affected peptides and GAD67 mRNA in striatopallidal and striatonigral neurons depending on the dopamine agonist used. The degree of enduring overactivity of the striatopallidal and striatonigral pathways may be related to the ability of L-DOPA and D1 or D2/D3 receptor agonists to prime motor behavioural responses and to produce dyskinetic side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Carta
- Department of Toxicology and Center of Excellence for Neurobiology of Addiction, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Cauli O, Pinna A, Valentini V, Morelli M. Subchronic caffeine exposure induces sensitization to caffeine and cross-sensitization to amphetamine ipsilateral turning behavior independent from dopamine release. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28:1752-9. [PMID: 12865902 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that repeated exposure to caffeine sensitizes rats to the motor activating effects of dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptor agonists. In order to study the role of dopamine in this effect, sensitization to caffeine and cross-sensitization between caffeine and amphetamine was evaluated by studying turning behavior and in vivo striatal dopamine release in unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Administration of caffeine (15 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, on alternate days, induced a significant increase in ipsilateral turning behavior during the course of treatment, indicating that sensitization to caffeine took place in the intact striatum. Caffeine modestly increased dopamine release in the intact dorsa-lateral striatum and no significant difference between the first (+38%) and the last (+51%) injection was observed. Amphetamine (2 mg/kg) induced a significantly higher ipsilateral turning behavior in caffeine-sensitized rats than in vehicle-pretreated rats, however, a similar increase in dopamine release (+900 and +800%) was observed in the two groups. The results are the first demonstration that caffeine pre-exposure sensitizes the motor-stimulant effects of caffeine itself and of amphetamine. Sensitized ipsilateral turning after caffeine and amphetamine are not correlated to modification in striatal dopamine release, rather, postsynaptic modifications in dopamine and adenosine receptor interaction might be involved in the sensitization phenomena observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Cauli
- Department of Toxicology and Centre of Excellence for Neurobiology of Dependence, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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van Kampen JM, Stoessl AJ. Effects of oligonucleotide antisense to dopamine D3 receptor mRNA in a rodent model of behavioural sensitization to levodopa. Neuroscience 2003; 116:307-14. [PMID: 12535962 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesias are abnormal involuntary movements that develop as a side-effect of long-term treatment with levodopa for Parkinson's disease. The mechanisms underlying such effects are unclear but may include abnormal stimulation of dopamine D(3) receptors. Elevations in dopamine D(3) receptor mRNA and binding are seen in the denervated striatum of hemiparkinsonian rats treated chronically with levodopa, and these changes correlate well with behavioural sensitization in this model. Further investigation of dopamine D(3) receptor involvement in levodopa-induced dyskinesias is hampered by the lack of appropriately selective ligands for this receptor. Here, in vivo administration of an antisense oligonucleotide designed to reduce striatal dopamine D(3) receptor expression provides a level of specificity not available through traditional pharmacological approaches. Following chronic treatment with levodopa, hemiparkinsonian rats received intrastriatal infusion of oligonucleotide antisense to dopamine D(3) receptor mRNA for 5 days. Antisense treatment effectively and selectively reduced striatal dopamine D(3) receptor binding and blocked behavioural sensitization to the effects of repeated levodopa. These findings confirm the importance of the D3 receptor in the expression of behavioural sensitization to levodopa in animals with dopaminergic denervation and contribute to our limited understanding of the functional significance of this receptor. In that sensitization to the effects of repeated levodopa in this setting may be analogous to medication-induced dyskinesias in humans, our findings furthermore suggest that drugs which block D(3) function may be helpful in the treatment of dyskinesias, without necessarily exacerbating Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M van Kampen
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, 2221 Wesbrook Mall Rm M36, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
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Vorobyov VV, Schibaev NV, Morelli M, Carta AR. EEG modifications in the cortex and striatum after dopaminergic priming in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2003; 972:177-85. [PMID: 12711091 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In rats bearing a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the medial forebrain bundle, a single administration of a dopamine receptor agonist (priming) sensitizes the behavioral motor responses to a dopaminergic agonist, administered 3 days after priming. In this study, changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency spectra were evaluated during priming in unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, implanted bilaterally with electrodes both in the somatosensory cortex and striatum. Two weeks after 6-OHDA lesion, rats were primed with apomorphine (0.2 mg/kg) and received a challenge with the D(1) agonist SKF 38393 (3 mg/kg) 3 days later. 6-OHDA lesion modified the EEG pattern mainly in the beta(1) frequency band, in both cortex and striatum. Apomorphine priming produced a power decrease in the beta(1) frequency band, more pronounced in the cortex than in the striatum, as compared to saline-treated rats. Antagonism of NMDA receptor with MK-801, a treatment known to block the development of priming, increased apomorphine inhibitory effect mainly in the striatum, producing the same degree of inhibition in the two structures. Administration of SKF 38393, 3 days after priming, caused a power decrease in beta(1) frequency band of the cortex and striatum, which was more pronounced in apomorphine-primed as compared to drug-naive rats. The inhibitory effect of SKF 38393 was enhanced in rats primed with MK-801 plus apomorphine, particularly in the striatum. The results of this study suggest that long-term changes in the electrical activity of cortex and striatum after priming, might contribute to the development of the behavioral sensitization observed after priming. Development of priming might be related to the degree and cortical/striatal ratio of EEG power inhibition produced by dopamine agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Vorobyov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Schwartz RA, Greenwald ER, Fletcher PJ, Houle S, DaSilva JN. Up-regulated dopamine D1 receptor binding can be detected in vivo following repeated SCH 23390, but not SKF 81297 or 6-hydroxydopamine, treatments. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 459:195-201. [PMID: 12524146 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three different pharmacological treatments, previously shown to cause dopamine D1 receptor supersensitivity in rats, were studied for changes in the binding of R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SCH 23390) labeled with carbon-11. Rats treated subchronically with the full dopamine D1 receptor agonist R/S-(+/-)-6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SKF 81297) showed no significant difference in dopamine D1 receptor binding. Similarly, unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning, followed by apomorphine screening for contralateral rotation, failed to cause significant differences in the rat brain distribution of [11C]SCH 23390 in the lesioned versus the nonlesioned striatal sides. In contrast, repeated exposure with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 significantly enhanced the uptake of [11C]SCH 23390 in the dopamine D1 receptor-rich striatum and olfactory tubercles. These results demonstrate that [11C]SCH 23390 can significantly detect enhanced binding in rat brain regions expected to have up-regulated dopamine D1 receptors. The failure of [11C]SCH 23390 to reveal any differences after subchronic agonist or 6-hydroxydopamine treatments suggests that the behavioural supersensitization induced by these treatments is possibly due to changes to the high-affinity state or to components downstream of dopamine D1 receptors in the signal transduction pathway. The present study has implications for studies imaging dopamine D1 receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders with abnormal dopamine stimulation using positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Schwartz
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Nash JE, Brotchie JM. Characterisation of striatal NMDA receptors involved in the generation of parkinsonian symptoms: intrastriatal microinjection studies in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat. Mov Disord 2002; 17:455-66. [PMID: 12112191 DOI: 10.1002/mds.10107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatments for Parkinson's disease based on replacement of lost dopamine have several problems. Following loss of dopamine, enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated transmission in the striatum is thought to be part of the cascade of events leading to the generation of parkinsonian symptoms. We determined the localisation and pharmacological characteristics of NMDA receptors that play a role in generating parkinsonian symptoms within the striatum. Rats were lesioned unilaterally with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and cannulae implanted bilaterally to allow injection of a range of NMDA receptor antagonists at different striatal sites. When injected rostrally into the dopamine-depleted striatum, the glycine site partial agonist, (+)-HA-966 (44-400 nmol) caused a dose-dependent contraversive rotational response consistent with an antiparkinsonian action. (+)-HA-966 (400 nmol) had no effect when infused into more caudal regions of the dopamine-depleted striatum, or following injection into any striatal region on the dopamine-intact side. To determine the pharmacological profile of NMDA receptors involved in inducing parkinsonism in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, a range of NMDA receptor antagonists was infused directly into the rostral striatum. Ifenprodil (100 nmol) and 7-chlorokynurenate (37 nmol), but not MK-801 (15 nmol) or D-APV (25 nmol) elicited a dramatic rotational response when injected into the dopamine-depleted striatum. This pharmacological profile is not consistent with an effect mediated via blocking NR2B-containing NMDA receptors. The effect of intrastriatal injection of ifenprodil was increased in animals previously treated with levodopa (L-dopa) methyl ester. This was seen as an increase in on-time and in peak rotational response. We propose that stimulation of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the rostral striatum underlies the generation of parkinsonian symptoms. These studies are in line with previous findings suggesting that administration of NR2B-selective NMDA receptor antagonists may be therapeutically beneficial for parkinsonian patients, when given de novo and following L-dopa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Nash
- Manchester Movement Disorder Laboratory, Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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15
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Sodja C, Fang H, Dasgupta T, Ribecco M, Walker PR, Sikorska M. Identification of functional dopamine receptors in human teratocarcinoma NT2 cells. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 2002; 99:83-91. [PMID: 11978399 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In search of a cellular model suitable for studying molecular events contributing to brain disorders, we have characterised the expression and functionality of dopamine receptors in human teratocarcinoma NT2 cells. The cells were differentiated by a 4-week retinoic acid treatment, followed by a 3-week mitotic inhibitor treatment in the absence of retinoic acid. The messages of two D(2)-like family members, D(2L) and D(3), were expressed in undifferentiated NT2 cells. The retinoic acid treatment resulted in increased expression of both spliced variants of the D(2) receptor, D(2L) and D(2S) isoforms and a significant induction of D(1) and D(5) gene transcripts. The same treatment turned off expression of the D(3) gene. Further induction of the D(5) gene was observed in the post-mitotic NT2N neurons. The NT2N cells stained positively for D(2) and D(5) receptor proteins, and the intracellular cyclic AMP level increased in response to forskolin, dopamine and the D(1)-receptor agonist SKF-81297. Furthermore, dopamine was ineffective in the presence of the D(2) receptor agonist PPHT and the D(1) receptor antagonist cis-(z)-flupenthixol. These results indicated that upon ligand/agonist/antagonist binding, the receptors could be coupled to the adenylyl cyclase system, hence were functional. To our knowledge, NT2 is the only human immortalized cell line expressing functional dopamine receptors of both families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sodja
- Apoptosis Research Group, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1500 Montreal Road, Bldg. M-54, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
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16
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Van De Witte SV, Groenewegen HJ, Voorn P. MK-801 alters the effects of priming with L-DOPA on dopamine D1 receptor-induced changes in neuropeptide mRNA levels in the rat striatal output neurons. Synapse 2002; 43:1-11. [PMID: 11746728 DOI: 10.1002/syn.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we have shown in unilaterally dopamine-depleted rats that increased behavioral responsiveness to the dopamine D1-receptor agonist SKF-38393, which was induced by pretreatment with L-DOPA, is paralleled by specific alterations in striatal neuropeptide mRNA levels. The behavioral 'priming' effect of L-DOPA is prevented if L-DOPA is preceded by the NMDA-receptor antagonist MK-801. In the present study, the question is addressed whether blockade of the increased behavioral responsiveness with MK-801 also prevents the observed changes in striatal neuropeptide mRNA levels. After a challenge with SKF-38393 (3 mg/kg, s.c.), the striatal levels of preprodynorphin, preprotachykinin, and preproenkephalin mRNA were compared between unilaterally dopamine-depleted rats that were either primed with a single administration of L-DOPA (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or with L-DOPA preceded by MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.). Priming with L-DOPA enhanced the increase in dynorphin mRNA levels in the dorsolateral part of the dopamine-depleted striatum that occurred after SKF-38393. On the other hand, it had no significant effect on substance P or enkephalin mRNA levels. MK-801 prior to L-DOPA prevented the increased responsiveness of dynorphin regulation. However, it induced a decreased response to dopamine D1-receptor stimulation in the substance P mRNA levels in dorsal regions of the dopamine-depleted striatum. The levels of enkephalin mRNA after challenge with SKF-38393 were not affected by the MK-801 administration. These results demonstrate that the increased behavioral responsiveness to the D1-receptor agonist SKF-38393 after priming with L-DOPA is primarily related to the upregulation of dynorphin mRNA levels in the dopamine-depleted striatum.
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MESH Headings
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology
- Dopamine Agents/pharmacology
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Drug Interactions/physiology
- Dynorphins/genetics
- Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/metabolism
- Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/physiopathology
- Enkephalins/genetics
- Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Levodopa/pharmacology
- Male
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Motor Activity/physiology
- Neostriatum/drug effects
- Neostriatum/metabolism
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Oxidopamine/pharmacology
- Parkinsonian Disorders/drug therapy
- Parkinsonian Disorders/metabolism
- Parkinsonian Disorders/physiopathology
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Tachykinins/genetics
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge V Van De Witte
- Department of Anatomy, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Neurosciences Vrije Universiteit [ICEN], 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Van Kampen JM, Stoessl AJ. Effects of oligonucleotide antisense to dopamine D(1A) receptor messenger RNA in a rodent model of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Neuroscience 2000; 98:61-7. [PMID: 10858612 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dyskinesias are abnormal involuntary movements which develop as a side-effect of long-term treatment with levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease. The pathophysiology underlying these dyskinesias remains unclear, although, it has been suggested that heightened activity of dopamine D(1) receptor-bearing striatonigral neurons may play a key role. Chronic pulsatile levodopa administration to hemiparkinsonian rats results in sensitization of rotational responses to apomorphine. This sensitization is thought to be analogous to levodopa-induced dyskinesias in humans. In these studies, we further clarify the role of the dopamine D(1A) receptor in this rodent model of levodopa-induced dyskinesias using an in vivo oligonucleotide antisense approach. Hemiparkinsonian rats received twice daily injections of levodopa for three weeks followed by intrastriatal infusion of dopamine D(1A) receptor antisense (7nmol/day, three days), a scrambled missense control sequence, or saline. Those animals treated with antisense displayed significantly fewer apomorphine-induced rotations than saline- or missense-treated controls.By reducing dopamine D(1A) receptor expression, we were able to attenuate sensitization of the response to apomorphine resulting from chronic pulsatile levodopa treatment. Thus, the dopamine D(1A) receptor appears to play a significant role in levodopa-induced dyskinesias and warrants further examination. These findings may have important implications for the development of selective treatment strategies designed to alleviate parkinsonian symptoms, while minimizing motor complications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antiparkinson Agents/adverse effects
- Apomorphine/pharmacology
- Autoradiography
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Cocaine/analogs & derivatives
- Cocaine/metabolism
- Cocaine/pharmacology
- Denervation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dopamine Antagonists/metabolism
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/metabolism
- Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/genetics
- Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/physiopathology
- Gene Expression/physiology
- Levodopa/adverse effects
- Male
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Oxidopamine
- Phenotype
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Raclopride/metabolism
- Raclopride/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/analysis
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/analysis
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Rotation
- Substantia Nigra/chemistry
- Substantia Nigra/physiopathology
- Sympatholytics
- Tritium
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Van Kampen
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2221 Wesbrook Mall, B.C., V6T 2B5, Vancouver, Canada
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18
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Bordet R, Ridray S, Schwartz JC, Sokoloff P. Involvement of the direct striatonigral pathway in levodopa-induced sensitization in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Eur J Neurosci 2000; 12:2117-23. [PMID: 10886351 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Induction of dopamine D3 receptor gene expression in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats by repeated administration of levodopa had been suggested to be responsible for behavioural sensitization developing in these animals. Using double in situ hybridization techniques, we show that D3 receptor mRNA induction after repeated administration of levodopa took place mainly in dynorphin/substance P-expressing neurons of the direct striatonigral pathway. In agreement, induction of D3 receptor binding sites was evidenced, using 7-[3H]hydroxy-N,N-di-propyl-2-aminotetralin ([3H]7-OH-DPAT), in substantia nigra pars reticulata, the projection area of the direct nigrostriatonigral pathway. Changes in D3 receptor binding and behavioural sensitization during intermittent administration of levodopa paralleled changes in prodynorphin/preprotachykinin rather than preproenkephalin/prodynorphin and preproenkephalin/preprotachykinin mRNA ratios. Behavioural sensitization, induction of D3 receptor binding and changes in prodynorphin/preprotachykinin ratio were all prevented together when levodopa was continuously delivered or intermittently delivered in combination with R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SCH 23390), a selective D1 receptor antagonist. Our results indicate that functional changes of the direct striatal output pathway, possibly through an interaction between D1 and D3 receptors at the level of terminals in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, are important for the development of behavioural sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bordet
- Unité de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Moléculaire (INSERM U 109), Centre Paul Broca, 2ter rue d'Alésia, 75014, Paris, France
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19
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Pollack AE, Yates TM. Prior D1 dopamine receptor stimulation is required to prime D2-mediated striatal Fos expression in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Neuroscience 1999; 94:505-14. [PMID: 10579212 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Repeated dopamine agonist administration to rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway potentiates behavioral and neuronal activation in response to subsequent dopamine agonist treatment. This response sensitization has been termed "priming" or "reverse-tolerance". Our prior work has shown that three pretreatment injections of the mixed D1/D2 agonist apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg) into 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats permits a previously inactive dose of the D2 agonist quinpirole (0.25 mg/kg) to induce robust contralateral rotation and striatal Fos expression in striatoentopeduncular "direct" pathway neurons. These striatal neurons typically express D1 but not D2 receptors. Because apomorphine acts as an agonist at both D1 and D2 receptors, the present study sought to determine whether D1, D2, or concomitant D1/D2 receptor stimulation was required to prime D2-mediated contralateral rotation and striatal Fos expression. Twenty-one days following unilateral stereotaxic injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the medial forebrain bundle, rats received three pretreatment injections, at three- to six-day intervals, with either: the mixed D1/D2 agonist apomorphine, the D1 agonist SKF38393, the D2 agonist quinpirole, or a combination of SKF38393 + quinpirole. Ten days following the third pretreatment injection, 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats were challenged with the D2 agonist quinpirole (0.25 mg/kg). Pretreatment with SKF38393 (10 mg/kg), quinpirole (1 mg/kg) or SKF38393 (1 mg/kg) + quinpirole (0.25 mg/kg) permitted an otherwise inactive dose of quinpirole (0.25 mg/kg) to induce robust contralateral rotation which was similar in magnitude to that observed following apomorphine priming. However, only pretreatment with SKF38393 (10 mg/kg) or SKF38393 (1 mg/kg) + quinpirole (0.25 mg/kg) permitted the same dose of quinpirole (0.25 mg/kg) to induce striatal Fos expression. These results demonstrate that while prior stimulation of D1, D2 or D1/D2 receptors can effectively prime D2-mediated contralateral rotation, prior stimulation of D1 receptors is required to prime D2-mediated striatal Fos expression. This study demonstrates that priming of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats with a D1 agonist permits a subsequent challenge with a D2 agonist to produce robust rotational behavior that is accompanied by induction of immediate-early gene expression in neurons that comprise the "direct" striatal output pathway. These responses are equivalent to the changes observed in apomorphine-primed 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats challenged with D2 agonist. In contrast, D2 agonist priming was not associated with D2-mediated induction of striatal immediate-early gene expression even though priming of D2-mediated rotational behavior was not different from that observed following priming with apomorphine or D1 agonist. Therefore, while priming-induced alterations in D2-mediated immediate early gene expression in the "direct" striatal output pathway may contribute to the enhanced motor behavior observed, such changes in striatal gene expression do not appear to be required for this potentiated motor response in dopamine-depleted rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Pollack
- Department of Psychology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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20
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Consolo S, Morelli M, Rimoldi M, Giorgi S, Di Chiara G. Increased striatal expression of glutamate decarboxylase 67 after priming of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Neuroscience 1999; 89:1183-7. [PMID: 10362306 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous single exposure (priming) to a dopamine receptor agonist greatly enhances the contralateral turning behaviour elicited by dopamine D1 receptor agonists in unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats. In the present study we have investigated the levels of glutamate decarboxylase 67 and glutamate decarboxylase 65 messenger RNA in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats primed with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and challenged with the D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393, three days thereafter. As previously reported, levels of glutamate decarboxylase 67 messenger RNA increased in the striatum denervated by the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion as compared with the intact one. Striatal glutamate decarboxylase 67 messenger RNA levels, measured three days after priming with L-DOPA (50 mg/kg), further increased in the lesioned striatum while were not modified in the intact one. Administration of SKF 38393 (3 mg/kg) elicited a more intense contralateral turning behaviour in primed than in drug-naive 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats but did not induce any change in striatal glutamate decarboxylase 67 messenger RNA. In contrast, striatal levels of glutamate decarboxylase 65 messenger RNA were not modified by either 6-hydroxydopamine lesions or priming with L-DOPA. The results show that priming with L-DOPA induces long-lasting changes in GABAergic neurons of the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned striatum. These changes might play a role in the increased behavioural response of striatal D1 receptors induced by priming.
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MESH Headings
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/enzymology
- Corpus Striatum/physiology
- Functional Laterality
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Glutamate Decarboxylase/genetics
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Levodopa/pharmacology
- Male
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/enzymology
- Neurons/physiology
- Oxidopamine/toxicity
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/physiology
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- S Consolo
- Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
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21
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Andringa G, Drukarch B, Leysen JE, Cools AR, Stoof JC. The alleged dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 83959 is a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist in primate cells and interacts with other receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 364:33-41. [PMID: 9920182 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
So far, no clear correlation has been found between the effects of dopamine D1 receptor agonists on motor behavior in primate models of Parkinson's disease and their ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase in rats, the benzazepine SKF 83959 (3-methyl-6-chloro-7,8-hydroxy-1-[3-methylphenyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-]H- 3-benzazepine) being the most striking example. Since this discrepancy might be attributed to: (A) the different species used to study these effects or (B) the interaction of SKF 83959 with other catecholamine receptors, the aims of this study were: (1) to study the ability of SKF 83959 to stimulate adenylate cyclase in cultured human and monkey glial cells equipped with dopamine D1 receptors and (2) to evaluate the affinity for and the functional interaction of SKF 83959 with other catecholamine receptors. Binding studies revealed that SKF 83959 displayed the highest affinity for the dopamine D1 receptor (pKi=6.72) and the alpha2-adrenoceptor (pKi=6.41) and moderate affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor and the noradrenaline transporter. In monkey and human cells, SKF 83959 did not stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation to a significant extent, but antagonized very potently the dopamine-induced stimulation of cAMP formation in both cell types. The compound stimulated basal dopamine outflow and inhibited depolarization-induced acetylcholine release only at concentrations > 10 microM. Finally, SKF 83959 concentration dependently increased electrically evoked noradrenaline release, indicating that it had alpha2-adrenoceptor blocking activity and interfered with the noradrenaline transporter. In conclusion, SKF 83959 is a potent dopamine D1 receptor and alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist. Thus, the anti-parkinsonian effects of SKF 83959 in primates are not mediated by striatal dopamine D1 receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase in a stimulatory way.
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MESH Headings
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/analogs & derivatives
- 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology
- Acetylcholine/metabolism
- Animals
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/biosynthesis
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopamine/pharmacology
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
- Electric Stimulation
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Macaca mulatta
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Membrane Transport Proteins
- Nerve Tissue Proteins
- Neuroglia/drug effects
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Norepinephrine/metabolism
- Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/drug effects
- Species Specificity
- Symporters
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andringa
- Research Institute Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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