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Parvanova A, Reseghetti E, Abbate M, Ruggenenti P. Mechanisms and treatment of obesity-related hypertension-Part 1: Mechanisms. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad282. [PMID: 38186879 PMCID: PMC10768772 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has tripled over the past five decades. Obesity, especially visceral obesity, is closely related to hypertension, increasing the risk of primary (essential) hypertension by 65%-75%. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing following the pandemic rise in obesity. Although the causal relationship between obesity and high blood pressure (BP) is well established, the detailed mechanisms for such association are still under research. For more than 30 years sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and kidney sodium reabsorption activation, secondary to insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, have been considered as primary mediators of elevated BP in obesity. However, experimental and clinical data show that severe insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia can occur in the absence of elevated BP, challenging the causal relationship between insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia as the key factor linking obesity to hypertension. The purpose of Part 1 of this review is to summarize the available data on recently emerging mechanisms believed to contribute to obesity-related hypertension through increased sodium reabsorption and volume expansion, such as: physical compression of the kidney by perirenal/intrarenal fat and overactivation of the systemic/renal SNS and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The role of hyperleptinemia, impaired chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes, and increased perivascular fat is also discussed. Specifically targeting these mechanisms may pave the way for a new therapeutic intervention in the treatment of obesity-related hypertension in the context of 'precision medicine' principles, which will be discussed in Part 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneliya Parvanova
- Department of Renal Medicine, Clinical Research Centre for Rare Diseases “Aldo e Cele Daccò”, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Elia Reseghetti
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Manuela Abbate
- Research Group on Global Health, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group on Global Health and Lifestyle, Health Research Institutte of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Piero Ruggenenti
- Department of Renal Medicine, Clinical Research Centre for Rare Diseases “Aldo e Cele Daccò”, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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2
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Zhang YR, Liu SM, Chen Y, Zhang LS, Ji DR, Zhao J, Yu YR, Jia MZ, Tang CS, Huang W, Zhou YB, Chai SB, Qi YF. Intermedin alleviates diabetic vascular calcification by inhibiting GLUT1 through activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117342. [PMID: 37879153 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular calcification (VC) is regarded as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) involves VC. Intermedin/Adrenomedullin-2 (IMD/ADM2) is a cardiovascular protective peptide that can inhibit multiple disease-associated VC. However, the role and mechanism of IMD in diabetic VC remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether IMD inhibits diabetic VC by inhibiting GLUT1. METHODS AND RESULTS It was found that plasma IMD concentration was significantly decreased in type 2 diabetic patients and in fructose-induced diabetic rats compared with that in controls. Plasma IMD content was inversely correlated with fasting blood glucose level and VC severity. IMD alleviated VC in fructose-induced diabetic rats. Deficiency of Adm2 aggravated and Adm2 overexpression attenuated VC in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice. In vitro, IMD mitigated high glucose-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Mechanistically, IMD reduced advanced glycation end products (AGEs) content and the level of receptor for AGEs (RAGE). IMD decreased glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) levels. The inhibitory effect of IMD on RAGE protein level was blocked by GLUT1 knockdown. GLUT1 knockdown abolished the effect of IMD on alleviating VSMC calcification. IMD receptor antagonist IMD17-47 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) inhibitor H89 abolished the inhibitory effects of IMD on GLUT1 and VSMC calcification. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed that IMD exerted its anti-calcification effect by inhibiting GLUT1, providing a novel therapeutic target for diabetic VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Rong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shi-Meng Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lin-Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Deng-Ren Ji
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mo-Zhi Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Huang
- StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - San-Bao Chai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; StateKey Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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3
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Yang Z, Li H, Wu P, Li Q, Yu C, Wang D, Li W. Multi-biological functions of intermedin in diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1233073. [PMID: 37745233 PMCID: PMC10511904 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1233073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD) is a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)/calcitonin (CT) superfamily, and it is expressed extensively throughout the body. The typical receptors for IMD are complexes composed of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP), which leads to a biased activation towards Gαs. As a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, IMD regulates the initiation and metastasis of multiple tumors. Additionally, IMD functions as a proangiogenic factor that can restrain excessive vascular budding and facilitate the expansion of blood vessel lumen, ultimately resulting in the fusion of blood vessels. IMD has protective roles in various diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, metabolic disease, cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory diseases. This review systematically elucidates IMD's expression, structure, related receptors and signal pathway, as well as its comprehensive functions in the context of acute kidney injury, obesity, diabetes, heart failure and sepsis. However, the precise formation process of IMD short peptides in vivo and their downstream signaling pathway have not been fully elucidated yet. Further in-depth studies are need to translate IMD research into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongchun Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingyan Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - ChunYan Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Denian Wang
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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4
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Babin KM, Karim JA, Gordon PH, Lennon J, Dickson A, Pioszak AA. Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin is a slow off-rate, long-acting endogenous agonist of the adrenomedullin 2 G protein-coupled receptor. J Biol Chem 2023:104785. [PMID: 37146967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD), adrenomedullin (AM), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have signaling functions in the cardiovascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems by activating three heterodimeric receptors comprised of the class B GPCR CLR and a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. CGRP and AM prefer the RAMP1 and RAMP2/3 complexes, respectively, whereas AM2/IMD is thought to be relatively non-selective. Accordingly, AM2/IMD exhibits overlapping actions with CGRP and AM, so the rationale for this third agonist for the CLR-RAMP complexes is unclear. Here, we report that AM2/IMD is kinetically selective for CLR-RAMP3, known as the AM2R, and we define the structural basis for its distinct kinetics. In live cell biosensor assays, AM2/IMD-AM2R elicited substantially longer duration cAMP signaling than the eight other peptide-receptor combinations. AM2/IMD and AM bound the AM2R with similar equilibrium affinities, but AM2/IMD had a much slower off-rate and longer receptor residence time, thus explaining its prolonged signaling capacity. Peptide and receptor chimeras and mutagenesis were used to map the regions responsible for the distinct binding and signaling kinetics to the AM2/IMD mid-region and the RAMP3 extracellular domain (ECD). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed how the former forms stable interactions at the CLR ECD-transmembrane domain interface and how the latter augments the CLR ECD binding pocket to anchor the AM2/IMD C-terminus. These two strong binding components only combine in the AM2R. Our findings uncover AM2/IMD-AM2R as a cognate pair with unique temporal features, reveal how AM2/IMD and RAMP3 collaborate to shape CLR signaling, and have significant implications for AM2/IMD biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jordan A Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Peyton H Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - James Lennon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Alex Dickson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104.
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5
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Russo AF, Hay DL. CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1565-1644. [PMID: 36454715 PMCID: PMC9988538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory neurons as well as in other cell types, such as motor neurons and neuroendocrine cells. CGRP acts via at least two G protein-coupled receptors that form unusual complexes with receptor activity-modifying proteins. These are the CGRP receptor and the AMY1 receptor; in rodents, additional receptors come into play. Although CGRP is known to produce many effects, the precise molecular identity of the receptor(s) that mediates CGRP effects is seldom clear. Despite the many enigmas still in CGRP biology, therapeutics that target the CGRP axis to treat or prevent migraine are a bench-to-bedside success story. This review provides a contextual background on the regulation and sites of CGRP expression and CGRP receptor pharmacology. The physiological actions of CGRP in the nervous system are discussed, along with updates on CGRP actions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, immune, hematopoietic, and reproductive systems and metabolic effects of CGRP in muscle and adipose tissues. We cover how CGRP in these systems is associated with disease states, most notably migraine. In this context, we discuss how CGRP actions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems provide a basis for therapeutic targeting of CGRP in migraine. Finally, we highlight potentially fertile ground for the development of additional therapeutics and combinatorial strategies that could be designed to modulate CGRP signaling for migraine and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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Yallampalli C, Betancourt A, Mishra A, Pennington KA, Ruano SH, Tacam M, Chauhan M. Role of adrenomedullin2/ intermedin in pregnancy induced vascular and metabolic adaptation in mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1116042. [PMID: 36875025 PMCID: PMC9982084 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adrenomedullin2 (AM2) shares its receptor with Calcitonin gene related peptide and adrenomedullin with overlapping but distinct biological functions. Goal of this study was to assess the specific role of Adrenomedullin2 (AM2) in pregnancy induced vascular and metabolic adaptation using AM2 knockout mice (AM2 -/-). Method : The AM2 -/- mice were successfully generated using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Nuclease Cas nine system. Phenotype of pregnant AM2 -/- mice was assessed with respect to its fertility, blood pressure regulation, vascular health and metabolic adaptations and compared to the wild type littermates (AM2 +/+). Results : Current data shows that AM2 -/- females are fertile with no significant difference in number of pups/litter compared to the AM2 +/+. However, ablation of AM2 decreases the gestational length and the total number of pups born dead or that die after birth is greater in AM2 -/- mice compared to AM2 +/+ mice (p < 0.05). Further AM2 -/- mice exhibit elevated blood pressure and elevated vascular sensitivity for the contractile responses to angiotensin two and higher serum sFLT-1 trigylcerides levels compared to AM2 +/+(p < 0.05). In addition, AM2 -/- mice develop glucose intolerance with elevated serum levels of Insulin during pregnancy compared to the AM2 +/+mice. Discussion: Current data suggests a physiological role for AM2 in pregnancy induced vascular and metabolic adaptations in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Madhu Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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7
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Ma S, Yan F, Hou Y. Intermedin 1-53 Ameliorates Atrial Fibrosis and Reduces Inducibility of Atrial Fibrillation via TGF-β1/pSmad3 and Nox4 Pathway in a Rat Model of Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041537. [PMID: 36836072 PMCID: PMC9959393 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE New drugs to block the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) based on atrial structural remodeling (ASR) are urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to study the role of intermedin 1-53 (IMD1-53) in ASR and AF formation in rats after myocardial infarction (MI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Heart failure was induced by MI in rats. Fourteen days after MI surgery, rats with heart failure were randomized into control (untreated MI group, n = 10) and IMD-treated (n = 10) groups. The MI group and sham group received saline injections. The rats in the IMD group received IMD1-53, 10 nmol/kg/day intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. The AF inducibility and atrial effective refractory period (AERP) were assessed with an electrophysiology test. Additionally, the left-atrial diameter was determined, and heart function and hemodynamic tests were performed. We detected the area changes of myocardial fibrosis in the left atrium using Masson staining. To detect the protein expression and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-SMA, collagen Ⅰ, collagen III, and NADPH oxidase (Nox4) in the myocardial fibroblasts and left atrium, we used the Western blot method and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS Compared with the MI group, IMD1-53 treatment decreased the left-atrial diameter and improved cardiac function, while it also improved the left-ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). IMD1-53 treatment attenuated AERP prolongation and reduced atrial fibrillation inducibility in the IMD group. In vivo, IMD1-53 reduced the left-atrial fibrosis content in the heart after MI surgery and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of collagen type Ⅰ and III. IMD1-53 also inhibited the expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and Nox4 both in mRNA and protein. In vivo, we found that IMD1-53 inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad3. In vitro, we found that the downregulated expression of Nox4 was partly dependent on the TGF-β1/ALK5 pathway. CONCLUSIONS IMD1-53 decreased the duration and inducibility of AF and atrial fibrosis in the rats after MI operation. The possible mechanisms are related to the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3-related fibrosis and TGF-β1/Nox4 activity. Therefore, IMD1-53 may be a promising upstream treatment drug to prevent AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzhou Ma
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Cardiology Departments, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Cardiology Departments, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Babin KM, Karim JA, Gordon PH, Lennon J, Dickson A, Pioszak AA. Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin is a slow off-rate, long-acting endogenous agonist of the adrenomedullin 2 G protein-coupled receptor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.523955. [PMID: 36711519 PMCID: PMC9882245 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The signaling peptides adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD), adrenomedullin (AM), and CGRP have overlapping and distinct functions in the cardiovascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems by activating three shared receptors comprised of the class B GPCR CLR in complex with a RAMP1, -2, or -3 modulatory subunit. Here, we report that AM2/IMD, which is thought to be a non-selective agonist, is kinetically selective for CLR-RAMP3, known as the AM 2 R. AM2/IMD-AM 2 R elicited substantially longer duration cAMP signaling than the eight other peptide-receptor combinations due to AM2/IMD slow off-rate binding kinetics. The regions responsible for the slow off-rate were mapped to the AM2/IMD mid-region and the RAMP3 extracellular domain. MD simulations revealed how these bestow enhanced stability to the complex. Our results uncover AM2/IMD-AM 2 R as a cognate pair with unique temporal features, define the mechanism of kinetic selectivity, and explain how AM2/IMD and RAMP3 collaborate to shape the signaling output of a clinically important GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Babin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Jordan A. Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Peyton H. Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - James Lennon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Alex Dickson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Augen A. Pioszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Lead contact
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9
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Kakihara S, Matsuda Y, Hirabayashi K, Imai A, Iesato Y, Sakurai T, Kamiyoshi A, Tanaka M, Ichikawa-Shindo Y, Kawate H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Li P, Onishi N, Murata T, Shindo T. Role of Adrenomedullin 2/Intermedin in the Pathogenesis of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100038. [PMID: 36870288 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2; also known as intermedin) is a member of the adrenomedullin (AM) peptide family. Similarly to AM, AM2 partakes in a variety of physiological activities. AM2 has been reported to exert protective effects on various organ disorders; however, its significance in the eye is unknown. We investigated the role of AM2 in ocular diseases. The receptor system of AM2 was expressed more abundantly in the choroid than in the retina. In an oxygen-induced retinopathy model, physiological and pathologic retinal angiogenesis did not differ between AM2-knockout (AM2-/-) and wild-type mice. In contrast, in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, a model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, AM2-/- mice had enlarged and leakier choroidal neovascularization lesions, with exacerbated subretinal fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. Contrary to this, exogenous administration of AM2 ameliorated the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization-associated pathology and suppressed gene expression associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress, including that of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, CD68, CTGF, and p22-phox. The stimulation of human adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE) cell line 19 cells with TGF-β2 and TNF-α induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas AM2 expression was also elevated. The induction of EMT was suppressed when the ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with AM2. A transcriptome analysis identified 15 genes, including mesenchyme homeobox 2 (Meox2), whose expression was significantly altered in the AM2-treated group compared with that in the control group. The expression of Meox2, a transcription factor that inhibits inflammation and fibrosis, was enhanced by AM2 treatment and attenuated by endogenous AM2 knockout in the early phase after laser irradiation. The AM2 treatment of endothelial cells inhibited endothelial to mesenchymal transition and NF-κB activation; however, this effect tended to be canceled following Meox2 gene knockdown. These results indicate that AM2 suppresses the neovascular age-related macular degeneration-related pathologies partially via the upregulation of Meox2. Thus, AM2 may be a promising therapeutic target for ocular vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kakihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yorishige Matsuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Hirabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akira Imai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Iesato
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sakurai
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Akiko Kamiyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Megumu Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuka Ichikawa-Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hisaka Kawate
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yunlu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - QianQian Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Peixuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Naho Onishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshinori Murata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shindo
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Life Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan.
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10
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Chang CL, Cai Z, Hsu SYT. Gel-forming antagonist provides a lasting effect on CGRP-induced vasodilation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040951. [PMID: 36569288 PMCID: PMC9772450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine affects ∼15% of the adult population, and the standard treatment includes the use of triptans, ergotamines, and analgesics. Recently, CGRP and its receptor, the CLR/RAMP1 receptor complex, have been targeted for migraine treatment due to their critical roles in mediating migraine headaches. The effort has led to the approval of several anti-CGRP antibodies for chronic migraine treatment. However, many patients still suffer continuous struggles with migraine, perhaps due to the limited ability of anti-CGRP therapeutics to fully reduce CGRP levels or reach target cells. An alternative anti-CGRP strategy may help address the medical need of patients who do not respond to existing therapeutics. By serendipity, we have recently found that several chimeric adrenomedullin/adrenomedullin 2 peptides are potent CLR/RAMP receptor antagonists and self-assemble to form liquid gels. Among these analogs, the ADE651 analog, which potently inhibits CLR/RAMP1 receptor signaling, forms gels at a 6-20% level. Screening of ADE651 variants indicated that residues at the junctional region of this chimeric peptide are important for gaining the gel-forming capability. Gel-formation significantly slowed the passage of ADE651 molecules through Centricon filters. Consistently, subcutaneous injection of ADE651 gel in rats led to the sustained presence of ADE651 in circulation for >1 week. In addition, analysis of vascular blood flow in rat hindlimbs showed ADE651 significantly reduces CGRP-induced vasodilation. Because gel-forming antagonists could have direct and sustained access to target cells, ADE651 and related antagonists for CLR/RAMP receptors may represent promising candidates for targeting CGRP- and/or adrenomedullin-mediated headaches in migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zheqing Cai
- CL Laboratory LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Sheau Yu Teddy Hsu
- Adepthera LLC, San Jose, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Sheau Yu Teddy Hsu,
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11
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Chang CL, Cai Z, Hsu SYT. Sustained Activation of CLR/RAMP Receptors by Gel-Forming Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113408. [PMID: 36362188 PMCID: PMC9655119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adrenomedullin (ADM), adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2), and CGRP family peptides are important regulators of vascular vasotone and integrity, neurotransmission, and fetoplacental development. These peptides signal through CLR/RAMP1, 2, and 3 receptors, and protect against endothelial dysfunction in disease models. As such, CLR/RAMP receptor agonists are considered important therapeutic candidates for various diseases. Methods and Results: Based on the screening of a series of palmitoylated chimeric ADM/ADM2 analogs, we demonstrated a combination of lipidation and accommodating motifs at the hinge region of select peptides is important for gaining an enhanced receptor-activation activity and improved stimulatory effects on the proliferation and survival of human lymphatic endothelial cells when compared to wild-type peptides. In addition, by serendipity, we found that select palmitoylated analogs self-assemble to form liquid gels, and subcutaneous administration of an analog gel led to the sustained presence of the peptide in the circulation for >2 days. Consistently, subcutaneous injection of the analog gel significantly reduced the blood pressure in SHR rats and increased vasodilation in the hindlimbs of adult rats for days. Conclusions: Together, these data suggest gel-forming adrenomedullin analogs may represent promising candidates for the treatment of various life-threatening endothelial dysfunction-associated diseases such as treatment-resistant hypertension and preeclampsia, which are in urgent need of an effective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan 20878, Taiwan
| | - Zheqing Cai
- CL Laboratory LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Sheau Yu Teddy Hsu
- Adepthera LLC, San Jose, CA 95138, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-650-799-3496
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12
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Sekiguchi T. Evolution of calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide family in chordates: Identification of CT/CGRP family peptides in cartilaginous fish genome. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 328:114123. [PMID: 36075341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The calcitonin (CT)/CT gene-related peptide (CGRP) family is a peptide gene family that is widely found in bilaterians. CT, CGRP, adrenomedullin (AM), amylin (AMY), and CT receptor-stimulating peptide (CRSP) are members of the CT/CGRP family. In mammals, CT is involved in calcium homeostasis, while CGRP and AM primarily function in vasodilation. AMY and CRSP are associated with anorectic effects. Diversification of the molecular features and physiological functions of the CT/CGRP family in vertebrate lineages have been extensively reported. However, the origin and diversification mechanisms of the vertebrate CT/CGRP family of peptides remain unclear. In this review, the molecular characteristics of CT/CGRP family peptides and their receptors, along with their major physiological functions in mammals and teleosts, are introduced. Furthermore, novel candidates of the CT/CGRP family in cartilaginous fish are presented based on genomic information. The CT/CGRP family peptides and receptors in urochordates and cephalochordates, which are closely related to vertebrates, are also described. Finally, a putative evolutionary scenario of the CT/CGRP family peptides and receptors in chordates is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan.
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13
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Kita T, Kitamura K. Adrenomedullin Therapy in Moderate to Severe COVID-19. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030533. [PMID: 35327335 PMCID: PMC8945653 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is still in progress, and a significant number of patients have presented with severe illness. Recently introduced vaccines, antiviral medicines, and antibody formulations can suppress COVID-19 symptoms and decrease the number of patients exhibiting severe disease. However, complete avoidance of severe COVID-19 has not been achieved, and more importantly, there are insufficient methods to treat it. Adrenomedullin (AM) is an endogenous peptide that maintains vascular tone and endothelial barrier function. The AM plasma level is markedly increased during severe inflammatory disorders, such as sepsis, pneumonia, and COVID-19, and is associated with the severity of inflammation and its prognosis. In this study, exogenous AM administration reduced inflammation and related organ damage in rodent models. The results of this study strongly suggest that AM could be an alternative therapy in severe inflammation disorders, including COVID-19. We have previously developed an AM formulation to treat inflammatory bowel disease and are currently conducting an investigator-initiated phase 2a trial for moderate to severe COVID-19 using the same formulation. This review presents the basal AM information and the most recent translational AM/COVID-19 study.
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14
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IMD/ADM2 operates as a secretory factor that controls cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) conformation for oocytes in vitro maturation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:149-168. [PMID: 35102467 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During in vitro maturation (IVM), the compact structure of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) is vital for oocyte competence acquisition. Intermedin/Adrenomedullin-2 (IMD/ADM2) binds to the receptor RAMP (1, 2, or 3):CLR. Recently, it was demonstrated that IMD/ADM2 stimulates oocyte competence and improves bovine embryo quality. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the IMD/ADM2 as a secretory factor controlling COCs conformation for oocyte maturation. The results showed that traditional M-CDM medium induced in COCs the Imd/Adm2 gene expression during IVM and produced IMD/ADM2 peptide secretion. Furthermore, after IVM, in the oocytes, the expression of ramps (1, 2, or 3) and clr was demolished, and RAMPs and CLR proteins were decreased, with a negative Pearson correlation. These results suggest that RAMPs and CLR are synthesized and stored during oocyte maturation. Supplementing the M-CDM with α-RAMP1 or α-IMD/ADM2 antibodies elicits a negative effect (P < 0.05) in COCs compaction. Blocking the IMD/ADM2 signaling pathway with any α-RAMPs or α-CLR antibodies produces a similar lower yield of oocytes in metaphase II (P > 0.05) but was lower than control culture medium (P < 0.05). In conclusion, when COCs are cultured with M-CDM, the IMD/ADM2 becomes expressed and secreted. In turn, it acts as a ligand preferentially to RAMP1:CLR or RAMP3:CLR, present in cumulus cells and oocytes. Sequentially, COCs compact structure is conformed to promote an adequate bidirectional communication that conduces the oocytes' maturation.
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15
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Fan S, He J, Yang Y, Wang D. Intermedin Reduces Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury via JAK2/STAT3. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:817874. [PMID: 35140609 PMCID: PMC8819149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.817874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is an effective treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can improve the prognosis of ARDS to a certain extent. However, it may further aggravate lung tissue injury, which is defined as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Intermedin (IMD) belongs to the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CPRP) superfamily. Our previous studies have found that IMD reduces the expression proinflammatory cytokines, down-regulates nuclear translocation and improves the integrity of endothelial barrier in ARDS. However, the effect of IMD on VILI has not been clarified. Oxidative stress imbalance and apoptosis are the main pathophysiological characteristics of VILI. In the current study, we used C57B6/J mice and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) to establish a VILI model to analyze the effects of IMD on VILI and explore its potential mechanism. We found that IMD alleviated lung injury and inflammatory response in VILI, mainly in reducing ROS levels, upregulating SOD content, downregulating MDA content, reducing the expression of Bax and caspase-3, and increasing the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, we also found that IMD played its anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic effects via JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Our study may provide some help for the prevention and treatment of VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanli Yang
- *Correspondence: Yanli Yang, ; Daoxin Wang,
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16
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Martínez-Herrero S, Martínez A. Adrenomedullin: Not Just Another Gastrointestinal Peptide. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020156. [PMID: 35204657 PMCID: PMC8961556 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) are two bioactive peptides derived from the same precursor with several biological functions including vasodilation, angiogenesis, or anti-inflammation, among others. AM and PAMP are widely expressed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where they behave as GI hormones, regulating numerous physiological processes such as gastric emptying, gastric acid release, insulin secretion, bowel movements, or intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, it has been recently demonstrated that AM/PAMP have an impact on gut microbiome composition, inhibiting the growth of bacteria related with disease and increasing the number of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium. Due to their wide functions in the GI tract, AM and PAMP are involved in several digestive pathologies such as peptic ulcer, diabetes, colon cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AM is a key protective factor in IBD onset and development, as it regulates cytokine production in the intestinal mucosa, improves vascular and lymphatic regeneration and function and mucosal epithelial repair, and promotes a beneficial gut microbiome composition. AM and PAMP are relevant GI hormones that can be targeted to develop novel therapeutic agents for IBD, other GI disorders, or microbiome-related pathologies.
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17
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Kita T, Kitamura K. Translational studies of adrenomedullin and related peptides regarding cardiovascular diseases. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:389-400. [PMID: 34992239 PMCID: PMC8732970 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a vasodilative peptide with various physiological functions, including the maintenance of vascular tone and endothelial barrier function. AM levels are markedly increased during severe inflammation, such as that associated with sepsis; thus, AM is expected to be a useful clinical marker and therapeutic agent for inflammation. However, as the increase in AM levels in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is relatively low compared to that in infectious diseases, the value of AM as a marker of CVDs seems to be less important. Limitations pertaining to the administrative route and short half-life of AM in the bloodstream (<30 min) restrict the therapeutic applications of AM for CVDs. In early human studies, various applications of AM for CVDs were attempted, including for heart failure, myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension, and peripheral artery disease; however, none achieved success. We have developed AM as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease in which the vasodilatory effect of AM is minimized. A clinical trial evaluating this AM formulation for acute cerebral infarction is ongoing. We have also developed AM derivatives that exhibit a longer half-life and less vasodilative activity. These AM derivatives can be administered by subcutaneous injection at long-term intervals. Accordingly, these derivatives will reduce the inconvenience in use compared to that for native AM and expand the possible applications of AM for treating CVDs. In this review, we present the latest translational status of AM and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kita
- Department of Projects Research, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Projects Research, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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18
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Chang CL, Lo WC, Lee TH, Sung JY, Sung YJ. Oocyte-specific disruption of adrenomedullin 2 gene enhances ovarian follicle growth after superovulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1047498. [PMID: 36452323 PMCID: PMC9702065 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1047498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2), adrenomedullin (ADM), and calcitonin gene-related peptides (α- and β-CGRPs) signal through heterodimeric calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity-modifying protein 1, 2 and 3 (CLR/RAMP1, 2 and 3) complexes. These peptides are important regulators of neurotransmission, vasotone, cardiovascular development, and metabolic homeostasis. In rodents, ADM is essential for regulating embryo implantation, fetal-placental development, and hemodynamic adaptation during pregnancy. On the other hand, ADM2 was shown to affect vascular lumen enlargement, and cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC) communication in rodent and bovine ovarian follicles. To investigate whether oocyte-derived ADM2 plays a physiological role in regulating ovarian folliculogenesis, we generated mice with oocyte-specific disruption of the Adm2 gene using a LoxP-flanked Adm2 transgene (Adm2 loxP/loxP) and crossed them with Zp3-Cre mice which carry a zona pellucida 3 (Zp3) promoter-Cre recombinase transgene. RESULTS While heterozygous Adm2 +/-/Zp3-Cre and homozygous Adm2 -/-/Zp3-Cre mice were fertile, Adm2 disruption in oocytes significantly increased the number of ovulated oocytes following a superovulation treatment. Oocyte-specific Adm2 disruption also significantly impaired the developmental capacity of fertilized eggs and decreased the size of the corpus luteum following superovulation, perhaps due to a reduction of ovarian cyclin D2-associated signaling. CONCLUSIONS The disruption of intrafollicular ADM2 signaling leads to follicular dysfunction. These data suggested that oocyte-derived ADM2 plays a facilitative role in the regulation of hormonal response and follicle growth independent of the closely related ADM and CGRP peptides, albeit in a subtle manner.
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19
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Xiao G, Gao X, Li L, Liu C, Liu Z, Peng H, Xia X, Yi X, Zhou R. An Immune-Related Prognostic Signature for Predicting Clinical Outcomes and Immune Landscape in IDH-Mutant Lower-Grade Gliomas. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3766685. [PMID: 34961815 PMCID: PMC8710162 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3766685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IDH mutation is the most common in diffuse LGGs, correlated with a favorable prognosis. However, the IDH-mutant LGGs patients with poor prognoses need to be identified, and the potential mechanism leading to a worse outcome and treatment options needs to be investigated. METHODS A six-gene immune-related prognostic signature in IDH-mutant LGGs was constructed based on two public datasets and univariate, multivariate, and LASSO Cox regression analysis. Patients were divided into low- and high-risk groups based on the median risk score in the training and validation sets. We analyzed enriched pathways and immune cell infiltration, applying the GSEA and the immune evaluation algorithms. RESULTS Stratification and multivariate Cox analysis unveiled that the six-gene signature was an independent prognostic factor. The signature (0.806/0.795/0.822) showed a remarkable prognostic performance, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year time-dependent AUC, higher than for grade (0.612/0.638/0.649) and 1p19q codeletion status (0.606/0.658/0.676). High-risk patients had higher infiltrating immune cells. However, the specific immune escape was observed in the high-risk group after immune activation, owing to increasing immunosuppressive cells, inhibitory cytokines, and immune checkpoint molecules. Moreover, a novel nomogram model was developed to evaluate the survival in IDH-mutant LGGs patients. CONCLUSION The six-gene signature could be a promising prognostic biomarker, which is promising to promote individual therapy and improve the clinical outcomes of IDH-mutant gliomas. The study also refined the current classification system of IDH-mutant gliomas, classifying patients into two subtypes with distinct immunophenotypes and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- GenePlus- Shenzhen Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen 518122, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Geneplus-Beijing, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Haiqin Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | | | - Xin Yi
- Geneplus-Beijing, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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20
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Study on Protection of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells from Amiodarone-Induced Damage by Intermedin through Activation of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8889408. [PMID: 34434487 PMCID: PMC8382522 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8889408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amiodarone (AM) is one of the most effective antiarrhythmic drugs and normally administrated by intravenous infusion which is liable to cause serious phlebitis. The therapeutic drugs for preventing this complication are limited. Intermedin (IMD), a member of calcitonin family, has a broad spectrum of biological effects including anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant activities, and antiapoptosis. But now, the protective effects of IMD against amiodarone-induced phlebitis and the underlying molecular mechanism are not well understood. In this study, the aim was to investigate the protective efficiency and potential mechanisms of IMD in amiodarone-induced phlebitis. The results of this study revealed that treatment with IMD obviously attenuated apoptosis and exfoliation of vascular endothelial cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the rabbit model of phlebitis induced by intravenous infusion of amiodarone compared with control. Further tests in vitro demonstrated that IMD lessened amiodarone-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, improved amiodarone-induced oxidative stress injury, reduced inflammatory reaction, and activated the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway which was inhibited by amiodarone. And these effects could be reversed by Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor IWR-1-endo, and si-RNA knocked down the gene of Wnt pathway. These results suggested that IMD exerted the protective effects against amiodarone-induced endothelial injury via activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thus, IMD could be used as a potential agent for the treatment of phlebitis.
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21
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Zhang Y, Tang N, Zhou J. Intermedin1‑47 inhibits high phosphate‑induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by regulating Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:733. [PMID: 34414455 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and accounts for a large proportion of deaths from cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. The high incidence, rapid progression and irreversibility of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification in patients has attracted attention. In the present study, the effect of intermedin1‑47 (IMD1‑47), an important isoform of intermedin, was investigated on the calcification of rat cardiovascular VSMCs induced by high phosphate (HP). To stimulate osteoblast‑like differentiation and calcification in rat VSMCs, 10 mM β‑sodium glycerophosphate was used. The VSMCs were then treated with three doses of IMD1‑47 and the effects of IMD1‑47 on VSMC calcification, on the expression of osteogenic markers [osteoprotegerin, Runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin (OPN)] and on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed. HP treatment significantly enhanced the cellular calcium content of VSMCs, the expression of osteogenic markers, and ALP activity, while IMD1‑47 significantly reversed these effects in a dose‑dependent manner. The protein expression levels of Wnt1, Wnt3a and active β‑catenin were determined and it was found that IMD1‑47 significantly inhibited their expression. Following β‑catenin silencing, the protein expression levels Runx2 and OPN were increased compared with the IMD1‑47 treatment alone, indicating a role for the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway in the effects of IMD1‑47 on osteogenic markers. The present study suggested that IMD1‑47 inhibited HP‑induced VSMC calcification by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Fourth Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai 200042, P.R. China
| | - Naiwang Tang
- Department of Respiratory, Central Hospital of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jinjie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital of Huangpu District, Shanghai 200002, P.R. China
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22
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Clark AJ, Mullooly N, Safitri D, Harris M, de Vries T, MaassenVanDenBrink A, Poyner DR, Gianni D, Wigglesworth M, Ladds G. CGRP, adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin 2 display endogenous GPCR agonist bias in primary human cardiovascular cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:776. [PMID: 34163006 PMCID: PMC8222276 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agonist bias occurs when different ligands produce distinct signalling outputs when acting at the same receptor. However, its physiological relevance is not always clear. Using primary human cells and gene editing techniques, we demonstrate endogenous agonist bias with physiological consequences for the calcitonin receptor-like receptor, CLR. By switching the receptor-activity modifying protein (RAMP) associated with CLR we can “re-route” the physiological pathways activated by endogenous agonists calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (AM) and adrenomedullin 2 (AM2). AM2 promotes calcium-mediated nitric oxide signalling whereas CGRP and AM show pro-proliferative effects in cardiovascular cells, thus providing a rationale for the expression of the three peptides. CLR-based agonist bias occurs naturally in human cells and has a fundamental purpose for its existence. We anticipate this will be a starting point for more studies into RAMP function in native environments and their importance in endogenous GPCR signalling. Clark et al. explore the ability of ligands to activate the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR) in primary endothelial cells, and the influence of co-expressed receptor-activity modifying proteins (RAMPs). Their study reveals that GPCR agonist bias occurs naturally in human cells and plays a fundamental role in providing unique functions to endogenous agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Clark
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niamh Mullooly
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dewi Safitri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tessa de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
| | - Davide Gianni
- Functional Genomics, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Wigglesworth
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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23
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Wang Y, Tian J, Mi Y, Ren X, Lian S, Kang J, Wang J, Zang H, Wu Z, Yang J, Qiao X, Zhou X, Wang G, Zhou Y, Li R. Experimental study on renoprotective effect of intermedin on diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111224. [PMID: 33675865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intermedin(IMD) is a novel member of the calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CT/CGRP) family that has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptosis properties. This study aimed to evaluate the renoprotective effects of IMD on podocyte apoptotic loss and slit diaphragm protein deficiency the kidneys of rats with in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in high glucose-exposed podocytes. Our results showed that IMD significantly attenuated proteinuria, and alleviated the abnormal alterations in glomerular ultrastructure in vivo. IMD also improved the induction of slit diaphragm proteins, and restored the decreased Bcl-2 expression and suppressed Bax and caspase-3 induction in the diabetic glomeruli. In addition, IMD attenuated podocyte apoptosis and filamentous actin (F-actin) rearrangement in high glucose-exposed podocytes. Exposure to high glucose elevated the unfolded protein response (UPR) to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in renal podocytes, and IMD treatment blocked such ER stress responses pertinent to podocyte apoptosis and reduced synthesis of slit diaphragm proteins in vivo and in vitro. These observations demonstrate that targeting ER stress is an underlying mechanism of IMD-mediated amelioration of diabetes-associated podocyte injury and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Postdoctoral Workstation of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jihua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Bethune Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital (Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences), Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Bethune Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital (Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences), Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030032, China
| | - Shizhong Lian
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Haojing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Postdoctoral Workstation of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Postdoctoral Workstation of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China.
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Postdoctoral Workstation of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China.
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24
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Sonne N, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. Mono and dual agonists of the amylin, calcitonin, and CGRP receptors and their potential in metabolic diseases. Mol Metab 2021; 46:101109. [PMID: 33166741 PMCID: PMC8085567 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapies for metabolic diseases are numerous, yet improving insulin sensitivity beyond that induced by weight loss remains challenging. Therefore, search continues for novel treatment candidates that can stimulate insulin sensitivity and increase weight loss efficacy in combination with current treatment options. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and amylin belong to the same peptide family and have been explored as treatments for metabolic diseases. However, their full potential remains controversial. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this article, we introduce this rather complex peptide family and its corresponding receptors. We discuss the physiology of the peptides with a focus on metabolism and insulin sensitivity. We also thoroughly review the pharmacological potential of amylin, calcitonin, CGRP, and peptide derivatives as treatments for metabolic diseases, emphasizing their ability to increase insulin sensitivity based on preclinical and clinical studies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Amylin receptor agonists and dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists are relevant treatment candidates, especially because they increase insulin sensitivity while also assisting weight loss, and their unique mode of action complements incretin-based therapies. However, CGRP and its derivatives seem to have only modest if any metabolic effects and are no longer of interest as therapies for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sonne
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark; KeyBioscience AG, Stans, Switzerland
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark; KeyBioscience AG, Stans, Switzerland.
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25
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Ni XQ, Zhang YR, Jia LX, Lu WW, Zhu Q, Ren JL, Chen Y, Zhang LS, Liu X, Yu YR, Jia MZ, Ning ZP, Du J, Tang CS, Qi YF. Inhibition of Notch1-mediated inflammation by intermedin protects against abdominal aortic aneurysm via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5164-5184. [PMID: 33535178 PMCID: PMC7950288 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Notch1-mediated inflammatory response participates in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The vascular endogenous bioactive peptide intermedin (IMD) plays an important role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. However, whether IMD inhibits AAA by inhibiting Notch1-mediated inflammation is unclear. In this study, we found Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and hes1 expression were higher in AAA patients’ aortas than in healthy controls. In angiotensin II (AngII)-induced AAA mouse model, IMD treatment significantly reduced AAA incidence and maximal aortic diameter. IMD inhibited AngII-enlarged aortas and -degraded elastic lamina, reduced NICD, hes1 and inflammatory factors expression, decreased infiltration of CD68 positive macrophages and the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 protein level. IMD inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage migration in vitro and regulated macrophage polarization. Moreover, IMD overexpression significantly reduced CaCl2-induced AAA incidence and down-regulated NICD and hes1 expression. However, IMD deficiency showed opposite results. Mechanically, IMD treatment significantly decreased cleavage enzyme-a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) level. Pre-incubation with IMD17-47 (IMD receptors blocking peptide) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase b (PI3K/Akt) inhibitor LY294002 reversed ADAM10 level. In conclusion, exogenous and endogenous IMD could inhibit the development of AAA by inhibiting Notch1 signaling-mediated inflammation via reducing ADAM10 through IMD receptor and PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Qiang Ni
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ya-Rong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li-Xin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jin-Ling Ren
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin-Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mo-Zhi Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Ning
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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26
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Sun J, Qian P, Kang Y, Dai HB, Wang FZ, Wang HY, Zhou H, Gao Q, Zhou YB. Adrenomedullin 2 attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in microglia cells by receptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway. Neuropeptides 2021; 85:102109. [PMID: 33253929 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2), a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family, has been known to have anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of AM2 in LPS-activated microglia and BV2 cells. The endogenous mRNA and protein expressions of AM2, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) including RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 and the production of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Our results revealed that LPS (1 μg/mL) significantly stimulated CLR, RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3 protein expressions in BV2 microglia cells, but AM2 had a significant decrease. However, the mRNA levels of AM2, CLR, and RAMP1/2/3 were all markedly increased. LPS also induced obvious increases in mRNA and protein levels of the inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX2 and iNOS). More importantly, AM2 (10 nM) administration effectively inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of these mediators induced by LPS and increased the cAMP content in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Furthermore, the antagonism with AM2 receptor antagonist IMD17-47, adrenomedullin (AM) receptor antagonist by AM22-52 or the inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) activation by P1195 effectively prevented the inhibitory role of AM2 in LPS-induced production of the above inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, AM2 inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells that may be mainly through AM receptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway. Our results indicate AM2 plays an important protective role in microglia inflammation, suggesting therapeutic potential for AM2 in neuroinflammation diseases caused by activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Pei Qian
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Kang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hang-Bing Dai
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Fang-Zheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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27
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Vázquez R, Riveiro ME, Berenguer-Daizé C, O'Kane A, Gormley J, Touzelet O, Rezai K, Bekradda M, Ouafik L. Targeting Adrenomedullin in Oncology: A Feasible Strategy With Potential as Much More Than an Alternative Anti-Angiogenic Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 10:589218. [PMID: 33489885 PMCID: PMC7815935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.589218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development, maintenance and metastasis of solid tumors are highly dependent on the formation of blood and lymphatic vessels from pre-existing ones through a series of processes that are respectively known as angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Both are mediated by specific growth-stimulating molecules, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and adrenomedullin (AM), secreted by diverse cell types which involve not only the cancerogenic ones, but also those constituting the tumor stroma (i.e., macrophages, pericytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells). In this sense, anti-angiogenic therapy represents a clinically-validated strategy in oncology. Current therapeutic approaches are mainly based on VEGF-targeting agents, which, unfortunately, are usually limited by toxicity and/or tumor-acquired resistance. AM is a ubiquitous peptide hormone mainly secreted in the endothelium with an important involvement in blood vessel development and cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we will introduce the state-of-the-art in terms of AM physiology, while putting a special focus on its pro-tumorigenic role, and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target in oncology. A large amount of research has evidenced AM overexpression in a vast majority of solid tumors and a correlation between AM levels and disease stage, progression and/or vascular density has been observed. The analysis presented here indicates that the involvement of AM in the pathogenesis of cancer arises from: 1) direct promotion of cell proliferation and survival; 2) increased vascularization and the subsequent supply of nutrients and oxygen to the tumor; 3) and/or alteration of the cell phenotype into a more aggressive one. Furthermore, we have performed a deep scrutiny of the pathophysiological prominence of each of the AM receptors (AM1 and AM2) in different cancers, highlighting their differential locations and functions, as well as regulatory mechanisms. From the therapeutic point of view, we summarize here an exhaustive series of preclinical studies showing a reduction of tumor angiogenesis, metastasis and growth following treatment with AM-neutralizing antibodies, AM receptor antagonists, or AM receptor interference. Anti-AM therapy is a promising strategy to be explored in oncology, not only as an anti-angiogenic alternative in the context of acquired resistance to VEGF treatment, but also as a potential anti-metastatic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Vázquez
- Preclinical Department, Early Drug Development Group (E2DG), Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Maria E Riveiro
- Preclinical Department, Early Drug Development Group (E2DG), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Anthony O'Kane
- Discovery and Scientific Affairs Department, Fusion Antibodies plc., Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Gormley
- Discovery and Scientific Affairs Department, Fusion Antibodies plc., Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Touzelet
- Discovery and Scientific Affairs Department, Fusion Antibodies plc., Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Keyvan Rezai
- Department of Radio-Pharmacology, Institute Curie-René Huguenin Hospital, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Mohamed Bekradda
- Preclinical Department, Early Drug Development Group (E2DG), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - L'Houcine Ouafik
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, Marseille, France.,APHM, CHU Nord, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
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28
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Li Z, Guo J, Bian Y, Zhang M. Intermedin protects thapsigargin‑induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiomyocytes by modulating protein kinase A and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+‑ATPase. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:107. [PMID: 33300086 PMCID: PMC7723158 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD) is a calcitonin/calcitonin-related peptide that elicits cardioprotective effects in a variety of heart diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the molecular mechanism of IMD remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects of IMD on neonatal rat ventricular myocytes treated with thapsigargin. The results of the present study demonstrated that thapsigargin induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Thapsigargin induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, as determined by increased expression levels of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, C/EBP-homologous protein and caspase-12, which were dose-dependently attenuated by pretreatment with IMD. In addition, IMD treatment counteracted the thapsigargin-induced suppression of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity and protein expression levels, and cytoplasmic Ca2+ overload. IMD treatment also augmented the phosphorylation of phospholamban, which is a crucial regulator of SERCA. Additionally, treatment with the protein kinase A antagonist H-89 inhibited the IMD-mediated cardioprotective effects, including SERCA activity restoration, anti-Ca2+ overload, endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition and antiapoptosis effects. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that IMD may protect cardiomyocytes against thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and the associated apoptosis at least partly by activating the protein kinase A/SERCA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Medical University First Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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29
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Wang Y, Mi Y, Tian J, Qiao X, Su X, Kang J, Wu Z, Wang G, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Li R. Intermedin Alleviates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Enhances Neovascularization in Wistar Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4825-4834. [PMID: 33204068 PMCID: PMC7666991 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s253019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and increases the risk of subsequently developing chronic kidney disease. Angiogenesis has been shown to play an important role in reducing renal injury after ischemia reperfusion. In this study, we investigated whether IMD could reduce renal IRI by promoting angiogenesis. Methods The kidneys of Wistar rats were subjected to 45 min of warm ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion. IMD was overexpressed in vivo using the vector pcDNA3.1-IMD transfected by an ultrasound-mediated system. The renal injury after ischemia reperfusion was assessed by detection of the serum creatinine concentration and histologic examinations of renal tissues stained by PAS and H&E. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Histological examinations were used to assess the expression of CD31, MMP2, MMP9, ET-1, VEGF and VEGFR2 in tissues. Results Renal function and renal histological damage were significantly ameliorated in IMD-transfected rats after ischemia reperfusion. Compared to the IRI, IMD significantly promoted angiogenesis. IMD also upregulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 and downregulated the expression level of MMP2, MMP9 and ET-1. Conclusion IMD could protect the kidney after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting angiogenesis and reducing the destruction of the perivascular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Urology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Su
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqing Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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30
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Fan S, Qi D, Yu Q, Tang X, Wen X, Wang D, Deng X. Intermedin alleviates the inflammatory response and stabilizes the endothelial barrier in LPS-induced ARDS through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106951. [PMID: 32892076 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory storms and endothelial barrier dysfunction are the central pathophysiological features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Intermedin (IMD), a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family, has been reported to alleviate inflammation and protect endothelial cell (EC) integrity. However, the effects of IMD on ARDS have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, clinical ARDS data were used to explore the relationship between serum IMD levels and disease severity and prognosis, and we then established a model to predict the possibility of hospital survival. Mouse models of ARDS and LPS-challenged endothelial cells were used to analyze the protective effect and underlying mechanism of IMD. We found that in patients with ARDS, increased serum IMD levels were associated with reduced disease severity and increased rates of hospital survival. IMD alleviated the LPS-induced inflammatory response by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines, NF-κB p65 expression and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. In addition, IMD stabilized the endothelial barrier by repairing adherens junctions (AJs), cytoskeleton and capillary leakage. IMD exerted protective effects against ARDS on pulmonary endothelial cells, at least partly, through PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling, while IMD's anti-inflammation effect was mediated through an eNOS-independent mechanism. Our study may provide new therapeutic insight for ARDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Qi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xumao Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xinyu Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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31
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Tellİ G, Tel BC, GÜmÜŞel B. The Cardiopulmonary Effects of the Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Family. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:349-356. [PMID: 32636714 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.47123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary diseases are very common among the population. They are high-cost diseases and there are still no definitive treatments. The roles of members of the calcitonin-gene related-peptide (CGRP) family in treating cardiopulmonary diseases have been studied for many years and promising results obtained. Especially in recent years, two important members of the family, adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin2/intermedin, have been considered new treatment targets in cardiopulmonary diseases. In this review, the roles of CGRP family members in cardiopulmonary diseases are investigated based on the studies performed to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçen Tellİ
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Cahide Tel
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent GÜmÜŞel
- Lokman Hekim University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang LS, Liu Y, Chen Y, Ren JL, Zhang YR, Yu YR, Jia MZ, Ning ZP, Du J, Tang CS, Qi YF. Intermedin alleviates pathological cardiac remodeling by upregulating klotho. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104926. [PMID: 32502636 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, dysfunction, and eventually leading to heart failure. Intermedin (IMD), as a paracrine/autocrine peptide, has a protective effect in cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we elucidated the role and the underlying mechanism of IMD in pathological remodeling. Pathological remodeling mouse models were induced by abdominal aorta constriction for 4 weeks or angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion for 2 weeks in wildtype, IMD-overexpression, IMD-knockout and klotho-knockdown mice. Western blot, real-time PCR, histological staining, echocardiography and hemodynamics were used to detect the role of IMD in cardiac remodeling. Cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction were significantly aggravated in IMD-knockout mice versus wildtype mice, and the expression of klotho was downregulated. Conversely, cardiac remodeling was alleviated in IMD-overexpression mice, and the expression of klotho was upregulated. Hypertension induced by Ang II infusion rather than abdominal aorta constriction was mitigated by IMD. However, the cardioprotective effect of IMD was blocked in klotho-knockdown mice. Similar results were found in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, which was pretreated with IMD before Ang II stimulation. Mechanistically, IMD inhibited the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and the activity of calcineurin to protect against cardiac hypertrophy through upregulating klotho in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) might mediate IMD upregulating klotho. In conclusion, pathological remodeling may be alleviated by endogenous IMD, which inhibits the expression of calcineurin and p-CaMKII by upregulating klotho via the PPARγ pathway. It suggested that IMD might be a therapeutic target for heart disease.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/surgery
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Constriction
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Glucuronidase/genetics
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Klotho Proteins
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Neuropeptides/genetics
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Peptide Hormones/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jin-Ling Ren
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ya-Rong Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Mo-Zhi Jia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Ning
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Helicobacter pylori-induced adrenomedullin modulates IFN-γ-producing T-cell responses and contributes to gastritis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:189. [PMID: 32184393 PMCID: PMC7078296 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a multifunctional peptide that is expressed by many surface epithelial cells, but its relevance to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastritis is unknown. Here, we found that gastric ADM expression was elevated in gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected patients and mice. In H. pylori-infected human gastric mucosa, ADM expression was positively correlated with the degree of gastritis; accordingly, blockade of ADM resulted in decreased inflammation within the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected mice. During H. pylori infection, ADM production was promoted via PI3K–AKT signaling pathway activation by gastric epithelial cells in a cagA-dependent manner, and resulted in increased inflammation within the gastric mucosa. This inflammation was characterized by the increased IFN-γ-producing T cells, whose differentiation was induced via the phosphorylation of AKT and STAT3 by ADM derived from gastric epithelial cells. ADM also induced macrophages to produce IL-12, which promoted the IFN-γ-producing T-cell responses, thereby contributing to the development of H. pylori-associated gastritis. Accordingly, blockade of IFN-γ or knockout of IFN-γ decreased inflammation within the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected mice. This study identifies a novel regulatory network involving H. pylori, gastric epithelial cells, ADM, macrophages, T cells, and IFN-γ, which collectively exert a pro-inflammatory effect within the gastric microenvironment.
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Sandoval-Talamantes AK, Gómez-González BA, Uriarte-Mayorga DF, Martínez-Guzman MA, Wheber-Hidalgo KA, Alvarado-Navarro A. Neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and their receptors interact with immune response in healthy and psoriatic skin. Neuropeptides 2020; 79:102004. [PMID: 31902596 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial origin that affects the skin. It is characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, which results in erythemato-squamous plaques. Just as the immune system plays a fundamental role in psoriasis physiopathology, the nervous system maintains the inflammatory process through the neuropeptides and neurotransmitters synthesis, as histamine, serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, nerve growth factor, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, adenosine, glucagon-like peptide, somatostatin and pituitary adenylate cyclase polypeptide. In patients with psoriasis, the systemic or in situ expression of these chemical mediators and their receptors are altered, which affects the clinical activity of patients due to its link to the immune system, provoking neurogenic inflammation. It is important to establish the role of the nervous system since it could represent a therapeutic alternative for psoriasis patients. The aim of this review is to offer a detailed review of the current literature about the neuropeptides and neurotransmitters involved in the physiopathology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Sandoval-Talamantes
- Centro de Reabilitación Infantil Teletón de Occidente, Copal 4575, Col. Arboledas del Sur, 44980 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - B A Gómez-González
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - D F Uriarte-Mayorga
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - M A Martínez-Guzman
- Unima Diagnósticos de México, Paseo de los Mosqueteros 4181, Col. Villa Universitaria, 45110 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Katia Alejandra Wheber-Hidalgo
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Anabell Alvarado-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y dermatología, Universidad de Guadalajara, México, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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IMD/ADM2 1-47, a factor that improves embryo quality. Theriogenology 2020; 146:1-13. [PMID: 32035360 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Starting in vitro fertilization process with competent oocytes that may endure first cellular divisions is a critical step for obtaining an embryo. To obtain in vitro competent oocytes, culture conditions should emulate the in vivo microenvironment as close as possible. With the aim of improving the in vitro culture medium, the present study evaluated the IMD/ADM21-47 peptide as a factor that promotes oocyte competence and improves embryo quality in bovine systems. The culture supplemented with 153 μg/mL of IMD/ADM21-47 was correlated with the production of healthy oocytes in metaphase II (MII) stage in compacted cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) with a decrease of BAX/BCL-2 to mRNA ratio and a reduction of late apoptosis by TUNEL in MII oocytes. In addition to this, treatment with IMD/ADM21-47 caused cAMPi level to be constant over time, and the cAMPi level kept increasing until 6 h. COC supplementation with 153 μg/mL of IMD/ADM21-47 increased the blastocyst production rate two-fold in comparison with control conditions. Only embryos from COC treatment with this peptide were capable of developing blastocysts in stage-6 grade I; compared with the control culture, it was the treatment with the greater number of blastocysts stage-5; these are characteristics of good quality blastocysts.
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36
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Kim J, Lee SK, Kim D, Choe H, Jang YJ, Park HS, Kim JH, Hong JP, Lee YJ, Heo Y. Altered Expression of Adrenomedullin 2 and its Receptor in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5603192. [PMID: 31642491 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) plays protective roles in the renal and cardiovascular systems. Recent studies in experimental animals demonstrated that AM2 is an adipokine with beneficial effects on energy metabolism. However, there is little information regarding AM2 expression in human adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE To investigate the pattern and regulation of the expression of AM2 and its receptor component in human adipose tissue, in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes. METHODS We measured metabolic parameters, serum AM2, and expression of ADM2 and its receptor component genes in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in obese (with or without type 2 diabetes) and normal-weight women. Serum AM2 was assessed before and 6 to 9 months after bariatric surgery. Expression/secretion of AM2 and its receptor were assessed in human adipocytes. RESULTS ADM2 mRNA in both fat depots was higher in obese patients, whether diabetic or not. Although serum AM2 was significantly lower in obese patients, it was not changed after bariatric surgery. AM2 and its receptor complex were predominantly expressed by adipocytes, and the expression of CALCRL, encoding a component of the AM2 receptor complex, was lower in both fat depots of obese patients. Incubating adipocytes with substances mimicking the microenvironment of obese adipose tissue increased ADM2 mRNA but reduced both AM2 secretion into culture media and CALCRL mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that AM2 signaling is suppressed in adipose tissue in obesity, involving lower receptor expression and ligand availability, likely contributing to insulin resistance and other aspects of the pathophysiology associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Donguk Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Joon Pio Hong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yeon Ji Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Korea
| | - Yoonseok Heo
- Department of Surgery, Inha University, College of Medicine, Incheon, 22332, Korea
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37
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Xie J, Guo J, Kanwal Z, Wu M, Lv X, Ibrahim NA, Li P, Buabeid MA, Arafa ESA, Sun Q. Calcitonin and Bone Physiology: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Investigations. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:3236828. [PMID: 32963524 PMCID: PMC7501564 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3236828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin was discovered as a peptide hormone that was known to reduce the calcium levels in the systemic circulation. This hypocalcemic effect is produced due to multiple reasons such as inhibition of bone resorption or suppression of calcium release from the bone. Thus, calcitonin was said as a primary regulator of the bone resorption process. This is the reason why calcitonin has been used widely in clinics for the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, and Paget's disease. However, presently calcitonin usage is declined due to the development of efficacious formulations of new drugs. Calcitonin gene-related peptides and several other peptides such as intermedin, amylin, and adrenomedullin (ADM) are categorized in calcitonin family. These peptides are known for the structural similarity with calcitonin. Aside from having a similar structure, these peptides have few overlapping biological activities and signal transduction action through related receptors. However, several other activities are also present that are peptide specific. In vitro and in vivo studies documented the posttreatment effects of calcitonin peptides, i.e., positive effect on bone osteoblasts and their formation and negative effect on osteoclasts and their resorption. The recent research studies carried out on genetically modified mice showed the inhibition of osteoclast activity by amylin, while astonishingly calcitonin plays its role by suppressing osteoblast and bone turnover. This article describes the review of the bone, the activity of the calcitonin family of peptides, and the link between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Fengcheng, Jiangxi 331100, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of the Second Orthopedics, Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Hongdu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | | | - Mingzheng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pu'ai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, China
| | - Xiangyang Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | | | - Ping Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, Sichuan 625000, China
| | | | | | - Qingshan Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
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Chang CL, Hsu SYT. Development of chimeric and bifunctional antagonists for CLR/RAMP receptors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216996. [PMID: 31150417 PMCID: PMC6544337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CGRP, adrenomedullin (ADM), and adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2) family peptides are
important neuropeptides and hormones for the regulation of neurotransmission,
vasotone, cardiovascular morphogenesis, vascular integrity, and feto‒placental
development. These peptides signal through CLR/RAMP1, 2 and 3 receptor
complexes. CLR/RAMP1, or CGRP receptor, antagonists have been developed for the
treatment of migraine headache and osteoarthritis pain; whereas CLR/RAMP2, or
ADM receptor, antagonists are being developed for the treatment of tumor
growth/metastasis. Based on the finding that an acylated chimeric ADM/ADM2
analog potently stimulates CLR/RAMP1 and 2 signaling, we hypothesized that the
binding domain of this analog could have potent inhibitory activity on CLR/RAMP
receptors. Consistent with this hypothesis, we showed that acylated truncated
ADM/ADM2 analogs of 27–31 residues exhibit potent antagonistic activity toward
CLR/RAMP1 and 2. On the other hand, nonacylated analogs have minimal activity.
Further truncation at the junctional region of these chimeric analogs led to the
generation of CLR/RAMP1-selective antagonists. A 17-amino-acid analog
(Antagonist 2–4) showed 100-fold selectivity for CLR/RAMP1 and was >100-fold
more potent than the classic CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8-37. In addition, we
showed (1) a lysine residue in the Antagonist 2–4 is important for enhancing the
antagonistic activity, (2) an analog consisted of an ADM sequence motif and a
12-amino-acid binding domain of CGRP exhibits potent CLR/RAMP1-inhibitory
activity, and (3) a chimeric analog consisted of a somatostatin analog and an
ADM antagonist exhibits dual activities on somatostatin and CLR/RAMP receptors.
Because the blockage of CLR/RAMP signaling prevents migraine pain and suppresses
tumor growth/metastasis, further studies of these analogs, which presumably have
better access to the tumor microenvironment and nerve endings at the trigeminal
ganglion and synovial joints as compared to antibody-based therapies, may lead
to the development of better anti-CGRP therapy and alternative antiangiogenesis
therapy. Likewise, the use of bifunctional somatostatin-ADM antagonist analogs
could be a promising strategy for the treatment of high-grade neuroendocrine
tumors by targeting an antiangiogenesis agent to the neuroendocrine tumor
microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
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39
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Charles CJ, Jardine DL, Rademaker MT, Mark Richards A. Adrenomedullin 2 increases cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in parallel to heart rate in normal conscious sheep. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14096. [PMID: 31124323 PMCID: PMC6533176 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Both adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) have been shown to be involved in regulating cardiovascular activity, but whether any interaction between these two systems exists remains to be determined. In this study, we examine the effects of intravenous AM2 infusions on SNA directed toward the heart (cardiac SNA (CSNA)) in healthy sheep studied in the conscious state. In response to AM2, arterial pressure was reduced (P = 0.005) with both heart rate (P < 0.001) and cardiac output (P < 0.001) increased compared with vehicle control response. CSNA burst frequency (bursts/min) and burst area/min both increased during infusion of AM2 (both P < 0.001). However, correcting CSNA indices for concurrent heart rate changes resulted in CSNA burst incidence (bursts/100 beats) and burst area incidence (area/100 beats) being not significantly different between AM2 and control treatments. There were no significant differences demonstrated in plasma epinephrine or norepinephrine levels between the two study days. In conclusion, AM2 administered systemically to normal conscious sheep increases both CSNA and heart rate. However, correction for heart rate responses abrogates the rise in CSNA. It remains unclear whether AM2's primary effect is to act via the central nervous system to directly stimulate CSNA with resultant increase in heart rate, or to induce a rise in heart rate by other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Charles
- Department of MedicineChristchurch Heart InstituteUniversity of Otago ChristchurchChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - David L. Jardine
- Department of MedicineChristchurch Heart InstituteUniversity of Otago ChristchurchChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Miriam T. Rademaker
- Department of MedicineChristchurch Heart InstituteUniversity of Otago ChristchurchChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - A. Mark Richards
- Department of MedicineChristchurch Heart InstituteUniversity of Otago ChristchurchChristchurchNew Zealand
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Wang Y, Wu Z, Tian J, Mi Y, Ren X, Kang J, Zhang W, Zhou X, Wang G, Li R. Intermedin protects HUVECs from ischemia reperfusion injury via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Ren Fail 2019; 41:159-166. [PMID: 30931679 PMCID: PMC6450471 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1587468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermedin (IMD) is a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) superfamily and a pro-angiogenic factor. In the present study, we identified activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by IMD. Adding CoCl2 HUVECs was used to establish an in vitro model. The migration of HUVECs was measured by wound healing assays and transwell migration assays. Capillary formation was measured using tube formation assays. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis was used to evaluate VEGF and RAMP2 expression in HUVECs. The relevant signaling molecules were detected with western blot. Our study shows that IMD could promote H/R impaired HUVECs migration and tube formation in vitro. On the other hand, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling led to the suppression of this promotion of migration and tube formation. This result suggests that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is correlated to IMD induced angiogenesis. Analysis of results from ICC assays indicated that IMD works through increasing levels of VEGF and RAMP2. Meanwhile, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling specific inhibitor IWR-1-endo was shown to down-regulate VEGF and RAMP2 expression. Western blot results further confirmed the signaling mechanism by which IMD promotes angiogenesis. Thus, Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in IMD induced neovascularization. The data further suggest that the PI3K axis contributes positively downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wang
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , China.,b Department of Nephrology , The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute , Taiyuan , China
| | - Zhijing Wu
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , China
| | - Jihua Tian
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , China
| | - Yang Mi
- c Department of Urology , First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , China
| | - Xiaojun Ren
- d Department of Nephrology , Shanxi Dayi Hospital of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , China
| | - Jing Kang
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , China
| | - Wan Zhang
- d Department of Nephrology , Shanxi Dayi Hospital of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- b Department of Nephrology , The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute , Taiyuan , China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , China
| | - Rongshan Li
- b Department of Nephrology , The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute , Taiyuan , China
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41
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Naot D, Musson DS, Cornish J. The Activity of Peptides of the Calcitonin Family in Bone. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:781-805. [PMID: 30540227 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00066.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin was discovered over 50 yr ago as a new hormone that rapidly lowers circulating calcium levels. This effect is caused by the inhibition of calcium efflux from bone, as calcitonin is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption. Calcitonin has been in clinical use for conditions of accelerated bone turnover, including Paget's disease and osteoporosis; although in recent years, with the development of drugs that are more potent inhibitors of bone resorption, its use has declined. A number of peptides that are structurally similar to calcitonin form the calcitonin family, which currently includes calcitonin gene-related peptides (αCGRP and βCGRP), amylin, adrenomedullin, and intermedin. Apart from being structurally similar, the peptides signal through related receptors and have some overlapping biological activities, although other activities are peptide specific. In bone, in vitro studies and administration of the peptides to animals generally found inhibitory effects on osteoclasts and bone resorption and positive effects on osteoblasts and bone formation. Surprisingly, studies in genetically modified mice have demonstrated that the physiological role of calcitonin appears to be the inhibition of osteoblast activity and bone turnover, whereas amylin inhibits osteoclast activity. The review article focuses on the activities of peptides of the calcitonin family in bone and the challenges in understanding the relationship between the pharmacological effects and the physiological roles of these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - David S Musson
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Sun J, Ren XS, Kang Y, Dai HB, Ding L, Tong N, Zhu GQ, Zhou YB. Intermedin in Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Sympathoexcitation and Decreases TLR4-Mediated Sympathetic Activation via Adrenomedullin Receptors in Rats with Obesity-Related Hypertension. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:34-46. [PMID: 30276527 PMCID: PMC6357274 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermedin/adrenomedullin-2 (IMD/AM2), a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide/AM family, plays an important role in protecting the cardiovascular system. However, its role in the enhanced sympathoexcitation in obesity-related hypertension is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of IMD in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus on sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sympathetic activation in obesity-related hypertensive (OH) rats induced by a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Acute experiments were performed under anesthesia. The dynamic alterations of sympathetic outflow were evaluated as changes in renal SNA and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to specific drugs. Male rats were fed a control diet (12% kcal as fat) or a high-fat diet (42% kcal as fat) for 12 weeks to induce OH. The results showed that IMD protein in the PVN was downregulated, but Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and plasma norepinephrine (NE, indicating sympathetic hyperactivity) levels, and systolic blood pressure were increased in OH rats. LPS (0.5 µg/50 nL)-induced enhancement of renal SNA and MAP was greater in OH rats than in obese or control rats. Bilateral PVN microinjection of IMD (50 pmol) caused greater decreases in renal SNA and MAP in OH rats than in control rats, and inhibited LPS-induced sympathetic activation, and these were effectively prevented in OH rats by pretreatment with the AM receptor antagonist AM22-52. The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor U0126 in the PVN partially reversed the LPS-induced enhancement of SNA. However, IMD in the PVN decreased the LPS-induced ERK activation, which was also effectively prevented by AM22-52. Chronic IMD administration resulted in significant reductions in the plasma NE level and blood pressure in OH rats. Moreover, IMD lowered the TLR4 protein expression and ERK activation in the PVN, and decreased the LPS-induced sympathetic overactivity. These results indicate that IMD in the PVN attenuates SNA and hypertension, and decreases the ERK activation implicated in the LPS-induced enhancement of SNA in OH rats, and this is mediated by AM receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ying Kang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hang-Bing Dai
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, China
| | - Ning Tong
- Department of Neurology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, 274000, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Ranjbaran A, Nejabati HR, Ghasemnejad T, Latifi Z, Hamdi K, Hajipour H, Raffel N, Bahrami-Asl Z, Hakimi P, Mihanfar A, Nouri M, Fattahi A. Follicular Fluid Levels of Adrenomedullin 2, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and its Soluble Receptors Are Associated with Ovarian Response During ART Cycles. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019; 79:86-93. [PMID: 30686838 PMCID: PMC6336467 DOI: 10.1055/a-0764-4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) affect ovarian function, especially angiogenesis and follicular development. The actions of VEGF can be antagonized by its soluble receptors, soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and soluble VEGF receptor 2 (sVEGFR-2), as they decrease its free form. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between follicular fluid (FF) levels of AMD2, VEGF and its soluble receptors, and ICSI outcomes.
Materials and Methods
ICSI cycle outcomes were evaluated and FF levels of VEGF, sFlt-1, sVEGFR-2 and ADM2 were determined using ELISA kits.
Results
FF levels of ADM2, VEGF, and sVEGFR-2 were significantly higher in non-responders compared to other ovarian response groups (p < 0.05). There were significant correlations between ADM2, VEGF and sVEGFR-2 levels as well as VEGF/sFlt-1 and VEGF/sVEGFR-2 ratios (r = 0.586, 0.482, 0.260, and − 0.366, respectively). Based on the ROC curve, the cutoff value for ADM2 as a non-responder predictor was 348.55 (pg/ml) with a sensitivity of 67.7% and a specificity of 94.6%.
Conclusions
For the first time we measured FF ADM2 levels to determine the relationship to VEGF and its soluble receptors. We suggest that ADM2 could be a potential predictive marker for non-responders. Although the exact function of ADM2 in ovarian angiogenesis is not yet understood, our study may shed light on the possible role of ADM2 in folliculogenesis and ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbaran
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Ghasemnejad
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Latifi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kobra Hamdi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hajipour
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nathalie Raffel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zahra Bahrami-Asl
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Hakimi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aynaz Mihanfar
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Tsuruda T, Kato J, Kuwasako K, Kitamura K. Adrenomedullin: Continuing to explore cardioprotection. Peptides 2019; 111:47-54. [PMID: 29577955 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM), a peptide isolated from an extract of human pheochromocytoma, comprises 52 amino acids with an intramolecular disulfide bond and amidation at the carboxy-terminus. AM is present in various tissues and organs in rodents and humans, including the heart. The peptide concentration increases with cardiac hypertrophy, acute myocardial infarction, and overt heart failure in the plasma and the myocardium. The principal function of AM in the cardiovascular system is the regulation of the vascular tone by vasodilation and natriuresis via cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent or -independent mechanism. In addition, AM may possess unique properties that inhibit aldosterone secretion, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and stimulation of angiogenesis, resulting in the protection of the structure and function of the heart. The AM receptor comprises a complex between calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 2 or 3, and the AM-CLR/RAMP2 system is essential for heart development during embryogenesis. Small-scale clinical trials have proven the efficacy and safety of recombinant AM peptide therapy for heart failure. Gene delivery and a modified AM peptide that prolongs the half-life of the native peptide could be an innovative method to improve the efficacy and benefit of AM in clinical settings. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiological roles of AM and its receptor system in the heart and describe the advances in AM and proAM-derived peptides as diagnostic biomarkers as well as the therapeutic application of AM and modified AM for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Tsuruda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Johji Kato
- Frontier Science Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuwasako
- Frontier Science Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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Natural and synthetic peptides in the cardiovascular diseases: An update on diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 662:15-32. [PMID: 30481494 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several peptides play an important role in physiological and pathological conditions into the cardiovascular system. In addition to well-known vasoactive agents such as angiotensin II, endothelin, serotonin or natriuretic peptides, the vasoconstrictor Urotensin-II (Uro-II) and the vasodilators Urocortins (UCNs) and Adrenomedullin (AM) have been implicated in the control of vascular tone and blood pressure as well as in cardiovascular disease states including congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and pulmonary and systemic hypertension. Therefore these peptides, together with their receptors, become important therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Circulating levels of these agents in the blood are markedly modified in patients with specific CVDs compared with those in healthy patients, becoming also potential biomarkers for these pathologies. This review will provide an overview of current knowledge about the physiological roles of Uro-II, UCN and AM in the cardiovascular system and their implications in cardiovascular diseases. It will further focus on the structural modifications carried out on original peptide sequences in the search of analogues with improved physiochemical properties as well as in the delivery methods. Finally, we have overviewed the possible application of these peptides and/or their precursors as biomarkers of CVDs.
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Ni XQ, Lu WW, Zhang JS, Zhu Q, Ren JL, Yu YR, Liu XY, Wang XJ, Han M, Jing Q, Du J, Tang CS, Qi YF. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress by intermedin1-53 attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in ApoE KO Mice. Endocrine 2018; 62:90-106. [PMID: 29943223 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Since bioactive peptide intermedin (IMD)1-53 protects against AAA formation, here we investigated whether IMD1-53 attenuates AAA by inhibiting ERS. AAA model was induced by angiotensin II (AngII) in ApoE KO mouse background. AngII-treated mouse aortas showed increased ERS gene transcription of caspase12, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a (eIf2a) and activating transcription factor 4(ATF4).The protein level of ERS marker glucose regulated protein 94(GRP94), ATF4 and C/EBP homologous protein 10(CHOP) was also up-regulated by AngII. Increased ERS levels were accompanied by severe VSMC apoptosis in human AAA aorta. In vivo administration of IMD1-53 greatly reduced AngII-induced AAA and abrogated the activation of ERS. To determine whether IMD inhibited AAA by ameliorating ERS, we used 2 non-selective ERS inhibitors phenyl butyrate (4-PBA) and taurine (TAU). Similar to IMD, PBA, and TAU significantly reduced the incidence of AAA and AAA-related pathological disorders. In vitro, AngII infusion up-regulated CHOP, caspase12 expression and led to VSMC apoptosis. IMD siRNA aggravated the CHOP, caspase12-mediated VSMC apoptosis, which was abolished by ATF4 silencing. IMD infusion promoted the phosphorylation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in aortas in ApoE KO mice, and the AMPK inhibitor compound C abolished the protective effect of IMD on VSMC ERS and apoptosis induced by AngII. In conclusion, IMD may protect against AAA formation by inhibiting ERS via activating AMPK phosphorylation.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylate Kinase/metabolism
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Apolipoproteins E/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Peptide Hormones/pharmacology
- Peptide Hormones/therapeutic use
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Qiang Ni
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ling Ren
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, 050017, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Fen Qi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Bioactive Molecule, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100083, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083, Beijing, China.
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47
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Roehrkasse AM, Booe JM, Lee SM, Warner ML, Pioszak AA. Structure-function analyses reveal a triple β-turn receptor-bound conformation of adrenomedullin 2/intermedin and enable peptide antagonist design. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15840-15854. [PMID: 30139742 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardioprotective vasodilator peptide adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) and the related adrenomedullin (AM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signal through three heterodimeric receptors comprising the calcitonin receptor-like class B G protein-coupled receptor (CLR) and a variable receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP1, -2, or -3) that determines ligand selectivity. The CGRP receptor (RAMP1:CLR) favors CGRP binding, whereas the AM1 (RAMP2:CLR) and AM2 (RAMP3:CLR) receptors favor AM binding. How AM2/IMD binds the receptors and how RAMPs modulate its binding is unknown. Here, we show that AM2/IMD binds the three purified RAMP-CLR extracellular domain (ECD) complexes with a selectivity profile that is distinct from those of CGRP and AM. AM2/IMD bound all three ECD complexes but preferred the CGRP and AM2 receptor complexes. A 2.05 Å resolution crystal structure of an AM2/IMD antagonist fragment-bound RAMP1-CLR ECD complex revealed that AM2/IMD binds the complex through a unique triple β-turn conformation that was confirmed by peptide and receptor mutagenesis. Comparisons of the receptor-bound conformations of AM2/IMD, AM, and a high-affinity CGRP analog revealed differences that may have implications for biased signaling. Guided by the structure, enhanced-affinity AM2/IMD antagonist variants were developed, including one that discriminates the AM1 and AM2 receptors with ∼40-fold difference in affinities and one stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond. These results reveal differences in how the three peptides engage the receptors, inform development of AM2/IMD-based pharmacological tools and therapeutics, and provide insights into RAMP modulation of receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Roehrkasse
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Jason M Booe
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Margaret L Warner
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Augen A Pioszak
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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48
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Xiao F, Wang D, Kong L, Li M, Feng Z, Shuai B, Wang L, Wei Y, Li H, Wu S, Tan C, Zhao H, Hu X, Liu J, Kang Y, Liao X, Zhou Y, Zhang W. Intermedin protects against sepsis by concurrently re-establishing the endothelial barrier and alleviating inflammatory responses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2644. [PMID: 29980671 PMCID: PMC6035189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Widespread vascular hyperpermeability and a “cytokine storm” are two pathophysiological hallmarks of sepsis. Here, we show that intermedin (IMD), a member of the calcitonin family, alleviates organ injury and decreases mortality in septic mice by concurrently alleviating vascular leakage and inflammatory responses. IMD promotes the relocation of vascular endothelial cadherin through a Rab11-dependent pathway to dynamically repair the disrupted endothelial junction. Additionally, IMD decreases inflammatory responses by reducing macrophage infiltration via downregulating CCR2 expression. IMD peptide administration ameliorates organ injuries and significantly improves the survival of septic mice, and the experimental results correlate with the clinical data. Patients with high IMD levels exhibit a lower risk of shock, lower severity scores, and greatly improved survival outcomes than those with low IMD levels. Based on our data, IMD may be an important self-protective factor in response to sepsis. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition. Here, the authors show that intermedin alleviates organ injury and decreases mortality in septic mice by concurrently alleviating vascular leakage and inflammatory responses. Patients with high intermedin levels exhibit a low risk of shock, lower severity scores, and greatly improved survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Denian Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingmiao Kong
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhongxue Feng
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bingxing Shuai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong'gang Wei
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sisi Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chun Tan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuejiao Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuelian Liao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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49
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Cai W, Kim CH, Go HJ, Egertová M, Zampronio CG, Jones AM, Park NG, Elphick MR. Biochemical, Anatomical, and Pharmacological Characterization of Calcitonin-Type Neuropeptides in Starfish: Discovery of an Ancient Role as Muscle Relaxants. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:382. [PMID: 29937709 PMCID: PMC6002491 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin (CT) is a peptide hormone released by the thyroid gland that regulates blood Ca2+ levels in mammals. The CT gene is alternatively spliced, with one transcript encoding CT and another transcript encoding the CT-like neuropeptide calcitonin-gene related peptide (α-CGRP), which is a powerful vasodilator. Other CT-related peptides in vertebrates include adrenomedullin, amylin, and intermedin, which also act as smooth muscle relaxants. The evolutionary origin of CT-type peptides has been traced to the bilaterian common ancestor of protostomes and deuterostomes and a CT-like peptide (DH31) has been identified as a diuretic hormone in some insect species. However, little is known about the physiological roles of CT-type peptides in other invertebrates. Here we characterized a CT-type neuropeptide in a deuterostomian invertebrate—the starfish Asterias rubens (Phylum Echinodermata). A CT-type precursor cDNA (ArCTP) was sequenced and the predicted structure of the peptide (ArCT) derived from ArCTP was confirmed using mass spectrometry. The distribution of ArCTP mRNA and the ArCT peptide was investigated using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, revealing stained cells/processes in the nervous system, digestive system, and muscular organs, including the apical muscle and tube feet. Investigation of the effects of synthetic ArCT on in vitro preparations of the apical muscle and tube feet revealed that it acts as a relaxant, causing dose-dependent reversal of acetylcholine-induced contraction. Furthermore, a muscle relaxant present in whole-animal extracts of another starfish species, Patiria pectinifera, was identified as an ortholog of ArCT and named PpCT. Consistent with the expression pattern of ArCTP in A. rubens, RT-qPCR revealed that in P. pectinifera the PpCT precursor transcript is more abundant in the radial nerve cords than in other tissues/organs analyzed. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the physiological action of CT-related peptides as muscle relaxants in vertebrates may reflect an evolutionarily ancient role of CT-type neuropeptides that can be traced back to the common ancestor of deuterostomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Cai
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chan-Hee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Go
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Michaela Egertová
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cleidiane G Zampronio
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Research Technology Platform University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Jones
- School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Research Technology Platform University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nam Gyu Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Sciences Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Maurice R Elphick
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Telli G, Erac Y, Tel BC, Gumusel B. Mechanism of adrenomedullin 2/intermedin mediated vasorelaxation in rat main pulmonary artery. Peptides 2018; 103:65-71. [PMID: 29588171 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) is a member of calcitonin related gene peptide family and an important nitric oxide mediated vasorelaxant in various vascular beds. However, the mechanism of post receptor-interaction is not clear and may differ depending on tissue type and species. In this study, we aimed to investigate the exact mechanism and the role of BKCa and calcium channels on the vasorelaxant effect of AM2/IMD in rat PA. Changes in the AM2/IMD-mediated vasorelaxation were evaluated in the presence of various inhibitors. CGRP(8-37) (10-6 M), L-NAME (10-4 M), ODQ (10-5 M), SQ22536 (10-4 M), H89 (10-6 M), TEA (10-2 M), iberiotoxin (3 × 10-7 M), and verapamil (10-5 M), all partly or completely inhibited the vasorelaxation. The relaxation was also abolished by removal of the endothelium, or in KCl precontracted PAs. AM2/IMD did not elicit vasorelaxation in the Ca2+-free conditions. However, the vasorelaxation was not inhibited with AM(22-52) (10-6 M), 4-AP (3 × 10-3 M), glibenclamide (10-5 M), apamin (3 × 10-7 M), TRAM-34 (10-5 M), and La+3 (10-4 M). AM2/IMD -induced changes in intracellular calcium levels and isometric force were monitored simultaneously in fura-2-loaded, endothelium-intact PAs. The AM2/IMD-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration was inhibited in the presence of iberiotoxin and verapamil, whereas no change was observed with La3+ incubation. Our data suggest that the cAMP/PKA pathway is one of the important pathways AM2/IMD-induced vasorelaxation. AM2/IMD acts through activation of endothelial BKCa and subsequently causes hyperpolarization of the endothelial cell membrane. The hyperpolarization induces Ca2+ influx, which leads to NO production and subsequent vasorelaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Telli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Erac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35040, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Cahide Tel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulent Gumusel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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