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Zahra M, Abrahamse H, George BP. Flavonoids: Antioxidant Powerhouses and Their Role in Nanomedicine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:922. [PMID: 39199168 PMCID: PMC11351814 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study emphasizes the critical role of antioxidants in protecting human health by counteracting the detrimental effects of oxidative stress induced by free radicals. Antioxidants-found in various forms such as vitamins, minerals, and the phytochemicals abundant in fruits and vegetables-neutralize free radicals by stabilizing them through electron donation. Specifically, flavonoid compounds are highlighted as robust defenders, addressing oxidative stress and inflammation to avert chronic illnesses like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. This research explores the bioactive potential of flavonoids, shedding light on their role not only in safeguarding health, but also in managing conditions such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the novel integration of South African-origin flavonoids with nanotechnology, presenting a cutting-edge strategy to improve drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes. This interdisciplinary approach, blending traditional wisdom with contemporary techniques, propels the exploration of flavonoid-mediated nanoparticles toward groundbreaking pharmaceutical applications, promising revolutionary advancements in healthcare. This collaborative synergy between traditional knowledge and modern science not only contributes to human health, but also underscores a significant step toward sustainable and impactful biomedical innovations, aligning with principles of environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blassan P. George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 1711, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; (M.Z.); (H.A.)
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2
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Elsori D, Pandey P, Ramniwas S, Kumar R, Lakhanpal S, Rab SO, Siddiqui S, Singh A, Saeed M, Khan F. Naringenin as potent anticancer phytocompound in breast carcinoma: from mechanistic approach to nanoformulations based therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1406619. [PMID: 38957397 PMCID: PMC11217354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1406619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The bioactive compounds present in citrus fruits are gaining broader acceptance in oncology. Numerous studies have deciphered naringenin's antioxidant and anticancer potential in human and animal studies. Naringenin (NGE) potentially suppresses cancer progression, thereby improving the health of cancer patients. The pleiotropic anticancer properties of naringenin include inhibition of the synthesis of growth factors and cytokines, inhibition of the cell cycle, and modification of several cellular signaling pathways. As an herbal remedy, naringenin has significant pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-cancer activities. The inactivation of carcinogens following treatment with pure naringenin, naringenin-loaded nanoparticles, and naringenin combined with anti-cancer agents was demonstrated by data in vitro and in vivo studies. These studies included colon cancer, lung neoplasms, breast cancer, leukemia and lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate tumors, oral squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer, brain tumors, skin cancer, cervical and ovarian cancers, bladder neoplasms, gastric cancer, and osteosarcoma. The effects of naringenin on processes related to inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion in breast cancer are covered in this narrative review, along with its potential to develop novel and secure anticancer medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Elsori
- Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre of Research and Development, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University Gharuan, Mohali, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sorabh Lakhanpal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samra Siddiqui
- Department of Health Service Management, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajay Singh
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Khan
- Center for Global Health Research Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
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3
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Deng Z, Kim SW. Opportunities and Challenges of Soy Proteins with Different Processing Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:569. [PMID: 38790674 PMCID: PMC11117726 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal (SBM) is a prevailing plant protein supplement in animal diets because of its nutritional value and availability. This review paper explores the significance of SBM and processed soy products, emphasizing their nutritional and bioactive components, such as isoflavones and soyasaponins. These compounds are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and are associated with a reduced prevalence of chronic diseases. However, the presence of antinutritional compounds in SBM presents a significant challenge. The paper evaluates various processing methods, including ethanol/acid wash, enzyme treatment, and fermentation, which are aimed at enhancing the nutritional value of soy products. It highlights the significance to maintain a balance between nutritional enhancement and the preservation of beneficial bioactive compounds, emphasizing the importance of different processing techniques to fully exploit the health benefits of soy-based products. Therefore, this review illuminates the complex balance between nutritional improvement, bioactive compound preservation, and the overall health implications of soy products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
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Yamashita Y. Physiological functions of poorly absorbed polyphenols via the glucagon-like peptide-1. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:493-498. [PMID: 38378922 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols are compounds of plant origin with several documented bioactivities related to health promotion. Some polyphenols are hard to be absorbed into the body due to their structural characteristics. This review focuses on the health beneficial effects of polyphenols mediated by intestinal hormones, particularly related to the systemic functions through the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an enteric hormone that stimulates postprandial insulin secretion. GLP-1 is secreted from L cells in the distal small intestine. Therefore, some poorly absorbed polyphenols are known to have the ability to act on the intestines and promote GLP-1 secretion. It has been reported that it not only reduces hyperglycemia but also prevents obesity by reduction of overeating and improves blood vessel function. This review discusses examples of health effects of polyphenols mediated by GLP-1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Liu X, Chen X, Wang C, Song J, Xu J, Gao Z, Huang Y, Suo H. Mechanisms of probiotic modulation of ovarian sex hormone production and metabolism: a review. Food Funct 2024; 15:2860-2878. [PMID: 38433710 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Sex hormones play a pivotal role in the growth and development of the skeletal, neurological, and reproductive systems. In women, the dysregulation of sex hormones can result in various health complications such as acne, hirsutism, and irregular menstruation. One of the most prevalent diseases associated with excess androgens is polycystic ovary syndrome with a hyperandrogenic phenotype. Probiotics have shown the potential to enhance the secretion of ovarian sex hormones. However, the underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. Furthermore, comprehensive reviews detailing how probiotics modulate ovarian sex hormones are scarce. This review seeks to shed light on the potential mechanisms through which probiotics influence the production of ovarian sex hormones. The role of probiotics across various biological axes, including the gut-ovarian, gut-brain-ovarian, gut-liver-ovarian, gut-pancreas-ovarian, and gut-fat-ovarian axes, with a focus on the direct impact of probiotics on the ovaries via the gut and their effects on brain gonadotropins is discussed. It is also proposed herein that probiotics can significantly influence the onset, progression, and complications of ovarian sex hormone abnormalities. In addition, this review provides a theoretical basis for the therapeutic application of probiotics in managing sex hormone-related health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Yechuan Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, P. R. China.
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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Onjai-Uea N, Paengkoum S, Taethaisong N, Thongpea S, Paengkoum P. Enhancing Milk Quality and Antioxidant Status in Lactating Dairy Goats through the Dietary Incorporation of Purple Napier Grass Silage. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:811. [PMID: 38473195 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants can cause damage to certain cellular components. Purple Napier grass, a semi-dwarf variety, is characterized by its purple leaves and contains anthocyanins, which provide it with antioxidant properties. This study examined the effects of feeding purple Napier grass ("Prince") silage to lactating dairy goats on blood antioxidant activity, milk yield, and milk quality. Eighteen female Saanen crossbred goats, weighing 52.34 ± 2.86 kg and producing milk for 14 ± 2 days, were systematically divided into three groups based on their lactation period in the previous cycle as follows: early, mid, and late lactation. In a randomized complete block design (RCBD), treatments were randomly allocated to six animals in each block. The dairy goats were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) consisting of the three following treatments: control (100% Napier Pakchong 1 grass silage), 50% (a 50% replacement of the control with purple Napier grass silage), and 100% (100% purple Napier grass silage). The results show that goats who were fed a diet including 100% purple Napier grass silage showed higher levels of certain milk contents, especially with regard to lactose, when compared to those who were fed a control diet, as well as a diet with a 50% replacement of purple Napier grass silage. The somatic cell count (SCC) of these goats was reduced. In terms of antioxidant activity, dairy goats who were fed 100% purple Napier grass silage showed higher levels of enzymes in both plasma and milk, including glutathione s-transferase, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, compared to the control group and the 50% replacement group. The plasma and milk of these goats showed lower levels of malondialdehyde. The dairy goats who were fed a 100% purple Napier grass silage diet showed higher concentrations of anthocyanins, including C3G, P3G, Peo3G, M3G, Cya, Pel, and total anthocyanins in milk, when compared to the control group and the 50% replacement group. The increased replacement of purple Napier grass silage led to significant differences in lactose levels, somatic cell count, glutathione S-transferase, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, and the composition of anthocyanins. This study provides evidence to support the use of purple Napier grass silage as a beneficial source of roughage for lactating dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narawich Onjai-Uea
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Paengkoum
- Program in Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Taethaisong
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sorasak Thongpea
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pramote Paengkoum
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Torcasio R, Gallo Cantafio ME, Veneziano C, De Marco C, Ganino L, Valentino I, Occhiuzzi MA, Perrotta ID, Mancuso T, Conforti F, Rizzuti B, Martino EA, Gentile M, Neri A, Viglietto G, Grande F, Amodio N. Targeting of mitochondrial fission through natural flavanones elicits anti-myeloma activity. J Transl Med 2024; 22:208. [PMID: 38413989 PMCID: PMC10898065 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial alterations, often dependent on unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, feature in the pathobiology of human cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). Flavanones are natural flavonoids endowed with mitochondrial targeting activities. Herein, we investigated the capability of Hesperetin (Hes) and Naringenin (Nar), two aglycones of Hesperidin and Naringin flavanone glycosides, to selectively target Drp1, a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial dynamics, prompting anti-MM activity. METHODS Molecular docking analyses were performed on the crystallographic structure of Dynamin-1-like protein (Drp1), using Hes and Nar molecular structures. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed in MM cell lines, or in co-culture systems with primary bone marrow stromal cells, using Cell Titer Glo and Annexin V-7AAD staining, respectively; clonogenicity was determined using methylcellulose colony assays. Transcriptomic analyses were carried out using the Ion AmpliSeq™ platform; mRNA and protein expression levels were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Mitochondrial architecture was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Real time measurement of oxygen consumption was performed by high resolution respirometry in living cells. In vivo anti-tumor activity was evaluated in NOD-SCID mice subcutaneously engrafted with MM cells. RESULTS Hes and Nar were found to accommodate within the GTPase binding site of Drp1, and to inhibit Drp1 expression and activity, leading to hyperfused mitochondria with reduced OXPHOS. In vitro, Hes and Nar reduced MM clonogenicity and viability, even in the presence of patient-derived bone marrow stromal cells, triggering ER stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, Hes and Nar rewired MM cell metabolism through the down-regulation of master transcriptional activators (SREBF-1, c-MYC) of lipogenesis genes. An extract of Tacle, a Citrus variety rich in Hesperidin and Naringin, was capable to recapitulate the phenotypic and molecular perturbations of each flavanone, triggering anti-MM activity in vivo. CONCLUSION Hes and Nar inhibit proliferation, rewire the metabolism and induce apoptosis of MM cells via antagonism of the mitochondrial fission driver Drp1. These results provide a framework for the development of natural anti-MM therapeutics targeting aberrant mitochondrial dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Torcasio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Veneziano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmela De Marco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ludovica Ganino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ilenia Valentino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Occhiuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Ida Daniela Perrotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Mancuso
- Annunziata" Regional Hospital Cosenza, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- SS Rende (CS), Department of Physics, CNR-NANOTEC, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Saragossa, Spain
| | | | - Massimo Gentile
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
- Annunziata" Regional Hospital Cosenza, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Di Reggio Emilia, Emilia Romagna, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Campus Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Laudani S, Godos J, Romano GL, Gozzo L, Di Domenico FM, Dominguez Azpíroz I, Martínez Diaz R, Giampieri F, Quiles JL, Battino M, Drago F, Galvano F, Grosso G. Isoflavones Effects on Vascular and Endothelial Outcomes: How Is the Gut Microbiota Involved? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:236. [PMID: 38399451 PMCID: PMC10891971 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are a group of (poly)phenols, also defined as phytoestrogens, with chemical structures comparable with estrogen, that exert weak estrogenic effects. These phytochemical compounds have been targeted for their proven antioxidant and protective effects. Recognizing the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), there is a growing interest in understanding the potential cardiovascular benefits associated with these phytochemical compounds. Gut microbiota may play a key role in mediating the effects of isoflavones on vascular and endothelial functions, as it is directly implicated in isoflavones metabolism. The findings from randomized clinical trials indicate that isoflavone supplementation may exert putative effects on vascular biomarkers among healthy individuals, but not among patients affected by cardiometabolic disorders. These results might be explained by the enzymatic transformation to which isoflavones are subjected by the gut microbiota, suggesting that a diverse composition of the microbiota may determine the diverse bioavailability of these compounds. Specifically, the conversion of isoflavones in equol-a microbiota-derived metabolite-seems to differ between individuals. Further studies are needed to clarify the intricate molecular mechanisms behind these contrasting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Laudani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giovanni Luca Romano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Lucia Gozzo
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit/Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico-S. Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Federica Martina Di Domenico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Irma Dominguez Azpíroz
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito EN250, Angola
- Universidad de La Romana, La Romana 22000, Dominican Republic
| | - Raquel Martínez Diaz
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo 00613, Puerto Rico
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - José L. Quiles
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (I.D.A.); (R.M.D.); (F.G.); (J.L.Q.); (M.B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
- Center for Human Nutrition and Mediterranean Foods (NUTREA), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Wang J, Bao C, Cao H, Huang F, Liu Y, Cao Y. Multi-copy expression of a protease-resistant xylanase with high xylan degradation ability and its application in broilers fed wheat-based diets. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128633. [PMID: 38070812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The acidic thermostable xylanase (AT-xynA) has great potential in the feed industry, but its low activity is not conductive to large-scale production, and its application in poultry diets still needs to be further evaluated. In Experiment1, AT-xynA activity increased 3.10 times by constructing multi-copy strains, and the highest activity reached 10,018.29 ± 91.18 U/mL. AT-xynA showed protease resistance, high specificity for xylan substrates, xylobiose and xylotriose were the main hydrolysates. In Experiment2, 192 broilers were assigned into 3 treatments including a wheat-based diet, and the diets supplemented with AT-xynA during the entire period (XY-42) or exclusively during the early stage (XY-21). AT-xynA improved growth performance, while the performance of XY-21 and XY-42 was identical. To further clarify the mechanism underlying the particular effectiveness of AT-xynA during the early stage, 128 broilers were allotted into 2 treatments including a wheat-based diet and the diet supplemented with AT-xynA for 42 d in Experiment3. AT-xynA improved intestinal digestive function and microbiota composition, the benefits were stronger in younger broilers than older ones. Overall, the activity of AT-xynA exhibiting protease resistance and high xylan degradation ability increased by constructing multi-copy strains, and AT-xynA was particularly effective in improving broiler performance during the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengling Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Grande F, Marrelli M, Amodeo V, Occhiuzzi MA, Pinzaru I, Fucile M, Dehelean CA, Alexa E, Conforti F, Statti G. Molecular Docking Studies and In Vitro Activity of Paliurus spina-christi Mill Extracts as Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:160. [PMID: 38397758 PMCID: PMC10885981 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for the onset of chronic diseases. One of the most promising approaches to treating obesity consists of reducing dietary fat absorption using extracts from plants because they contain phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids. Paliurus spina-christi, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, is one of the five species belonging to the Paliurus genus. Herein, the aerial parts of the plant were extracted with methanol through the pressurized cyclic solid-liquid extraction using the Naviglio extractor®. The extracts were analyzed with High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and investigated for their in vitro biological potential. The phytochemical analysis revealed that rutin has been shown to be the most abundant flavonoid component. The best antiradical activity was observed for the fruit extract with an IC50 value of 53.41 ± 1.24 µg/mL. This extract also has a better inhibitory capacity on lipid peroxidation evaluated at a different time of incubation. Potent lipase inhibitor activity of the extract from fruits was also demonstrated with in vitro experiments. This property can be attributed to a direct interaction of main components of P. spina-christi extract with the human pancreatic enzyme as demonstrated by the results of molecular docking experiments conducted on the crystallographic structures of lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy; (F.G.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.O.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy; (F.G.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.O.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Valentina Amodeo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy; (F.G.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.O.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Occhiuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy; (F.G.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.O.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Mary Fucile
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy; (F.G.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.O.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (I.P.); (C.A.D.)
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I of Romania, Calea Aradului 119, 300641 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy; (F.G.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.O.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy; (F.G.); (M.M.); (V.A.); (M.A.O.); (M.F.); (G.S.)
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11
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Chen N, Jin Y, Yang R, Yao H, Kong DX. A chemoinformatic analysis on natural glycosides with respect to biological origin and structural class. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1464-1478. [PMID: 37070562 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 202216.19% of reported natural products (NPs) in the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP) are glycosides. As one of the most important NPs' structural modifications, glycosylation can change the NPs' polarity, making the aglycones more amphipathic. However, until now, little is known about the general distribution profile of the natural glycosides in different biological sources or structural types. The reason, structural or species preferences of the natural glycosylation remain unclear. In this highlight, chemoinformatic methods were employed to analyze the natural glycosides from DNP, the most comprehensively annotated NP database. We found that the glycosylation ratios of NPs from plants, bacteria, animals and fungi decrease successively, which are 24.99%, 20.84%, 8.40% and 4.48%, respectively. Echinoderm-derived NPs (56.11%) are the most frequently glycosylated, while those produced by molluscs (1.55%), vertebrates (2.19%) and Rhodophyta (3.00%) are the opposite. Among the diverse structural types, a large proportion of steroids (45.19%), tannins (44.78%) and flavonoids (39.21%) are glycosides, yet aminoacids and peptides (5.16%), alkaloids (5.66%) are comparatively less glycosylated. Even within the same biological source or structural type, their glycosylation rates fluctuate drastically between sub- or cross-categories. The substitute patterns of flavonoid and terpenoid glycosides and the most frequently glycosylated scaffolds were identified. NPs with different glycosylation levels occupy different chemical spaces of physicochemical property and scaffold. These findings could help us to interpret the preference of NPs' glycosylation and investigate how NP glycosylation could aid NP-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Nianhang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Ruofei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Hucheng Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - De-Xin Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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12
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Ubaid M, Salauddin, Shadani MA, Kawish SM, Albratty M, Makeen HA, Alhazmi HA, Najmi A, Zoghebi K, Halawi MA, Ali A, Alam MS, Iqbal Z, Mirza MA. Daidzein from Dietary Supplement to a Drug Candidate: An Evaluation of Potential. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32271-32293. [PMID: 37780202 PMCID: PMC10538961 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Daidzein (DDZ) is a well-known nutraceutical supplement belonging to the class of isoflavones. It is isolated from various sources such as alfalfa, soybean, and red clover. It demonstrates a broad array of pharmacological/beneficial properties such as cardiovascular exercise, cholesterol reduction, and anticancer, antifibrotic, and antidiabetic effects, which make it effective in treating a wide range of diseases. Its structure and operation are the same as those of human estrogens, which are important in preventing osteoporosis, cancer, and postmenopausal diseases. It is thus a promising candidate for development as a phytopharmaceutical. Addressing safety, efficacy, and physicochemical properties are the primary prerequisites. DDZ is already ingested every day in varying amounts, so there should not be a significant safety risk; however, each indication requires a different dose to be determined. Some clinical trials are already being conducted globally to confirm its safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential. Furthermore, as a result of its therapeutic influence on health, in order to establish intellectual property, patents are utilized. In light of the vast potential of eugenol, this review presents a detailed data collection on DDZ to substantiate the claim to develop it in the therapeutic category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ubaid
- School
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Salauddin
- School
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Andalib Shadani
- School
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - S. M. Kawish
- School
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy
Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of
Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Substance
Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medical
Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam A. Halawi
- Pharmacy
Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF14 4XN, U.K.
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif
University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Shamsher Alam
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd. Aamir Mirza
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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13
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Tronina T, Łużny M, Dymarska M, Urbaniak M, Kozłowska E, Piegza M, Stępień Ł, Janeczko T. Glycosylation of Quercetin by Selected Entomopathogenic Filamentous Fungi and Prediction of Its Products' Bioactivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11857. [PMID: 37511613 PMCID: PMC10380404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is the most abundant flavonoid in food products, including berries, apples, cauliflower, tea, cabbage, nuts, onions, red wine and fruit juices. It exhibits various biological activities and is used for medical applications, such as treating allergic, inflammatory and metabolic disorders, ophthalmic and cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis. However, its low water solubility may limit quercetin's therapeutic potential. One method of increasing the solubility of active compounds is their coupling to polar molecules, such as sugars. The attachment of a glucose unit impacts the stability and solubility of flavonoids and often determines their bioavailability and bioactivity. Entomopathogenic fungi are biocatalysts well known for their ability to attach glucose and its 4-O-methyl derivative to bioactive compounds, including flavonoids. We investigated the ability of cultures of entomopathogenic fungi belonging to Beauveria, Isaria, Metapochonia, Lecanicillium and Metarhizium genera to biotransform quercetin. Three major glycosylation products were detected: (1), 7-O-β-D-(4″-O-methylglucopyranosyl)-quercetin, (2) 3-O-β-D-(4″-O-methylglucopyranosyl)-quercetin and (3) 3-O-β-D-(glucopyranosyl)-quercetin. The results show evident variability of the biotransformation process, both between strains of the tested biocatalysts from different species and between strains of the same species. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the obtained compounds were predicted with the use of cheminformatics tools. The study showed that the obtained compounds may have applications as effective modulators of intestinal flora and may be stronger hepato-, cardio- and vasoprotectants and free radical scavengers than quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tronina
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Łużny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Dymarska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Urbaniak
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozłowska
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Piegza
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Stępień
- Department of Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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14
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Kannan P, Shafreen M M, Achudhan AB, Gupta A, Saleena LM. A review on applications of β-glucosidase in food, brewery, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Carbohydr Res 2023; 530:108855. [PMID: 37263146 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
β-glucosidases hydrolyse glycosidic bonds to release non-reducing terminal glucosyl residues from glycosides and oligosaccharides via catalytic mechanisms. It is very well known that the β-glucosidase enzyme is used in biorefineries for cellulose degradation, where β-glucosidases is the rate-limiting enzyme for the final glucose production from cellobiose. The β-glucosidase enzyme is used as a catalyst in other industrial sectors, including pharmaceuticals, breweries, dairy, and food processing. With the aid of β-glucosidase enzymes, cyanogenic glycosides and plant glycosides are transformed into sugar moiety and aglycones. These aglycone compounds are employed as aromatic compounds in the food processing and brewing industries. They are also used as medications and dietary supplements based on their pharmacological qualities. Applications of aglycones and the microbiological sources of β-glucosidase in aglycone production have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kannan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohiraa Shafreen M
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunmozhi Bharathi Achudhan
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annapurna Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lilly M Saleena
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Matsumura Y, Kitabatake M, Kayano SI, Ito T. Dietary Phenolic Compounds: Their Health Benefits and Association with the Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040880. [PMID: 37107256 PMCID: PMC10135282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes various diseases, such as type II diabetes and dyslipidemia, while antioxidants in foods may prevent a number of diseases and delay aging by exerting their effects in vivo. Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals such as flavonoids which consist of flavonols, flavones, flavanonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, lignans, stilbenoids, curcuminoids, phenolic acids, and tannins. They have phenolic hydroxyl groups in their molecular structures. These compounds are present in most plants, are abundant in nature, and contribute to the bitterness and color of various foods. Dietary phenolic compounds, such as quercetin in onions and sesamin in sesame, exhibit antioxidant activity and help prevent cell aging and diseases. In addition, other kinds of compounds, such as tannins, have larger molecular weights, and many unexplained aspects still exist. The antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds may be beneficial for human health. On the other hand, metabolism by intestinal bacteria changes the structures of these compounds with antioxidant properties, and the resulting metabolites exert their effects in vivo. In recent years, it has become possible to analyze the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The augmentation of the intestinal microbiota by the intake of phenolic compounds has been implicated in disease prevention and symptom recovery. Furthermore, the “brain–gut axis”, which is a communication system between the gut microbiome and brain, is attracting increasing attention, and research has revealed that the gut microbiota and dietary phenolic compounds affect brain homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the usefulness of dietary phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities against some diseases, their biotransformation by the gut microbiota, the augmentation of the intestinal microflora, and their effects on the brain–gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitabatake
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kayano
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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16
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Park HY, Yu JH. Hesperidin enhances intestinal barrier function in Caco-2 cell monolayers via AMPK-mediated tight junction-related proteins. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:532-544. [PMID: 36700348 PMCID: PMC9989920 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a single-cell layer on the mucosal surface that absorbs food-derived nutrients and functions as a barrier that protects mucosal integrity. Hesperidin (hesperetin-7-rhamnoglucoside) is a flavanone glycoside composed of the flavanone hesperetin and the disaccharide rutinose, which has various physiological benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic effects. Here, we used human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers to examine the effect of hesperidin on intestinal barrier function. Hesperidin-treated Caco-2 cell monolayers displayed enhanced intestinal barrier integrity, as indicated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and a decreased apparent permeability (Papp ) for fluorescein. Hesperidin elevated the mRNA and protein levels of occludin, MarvelD3, JAM-1, claudin-1, and claudin-4, which are encoded by tight junction (TJ)-related genes. Moreover, hesperidin significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), indicating improved intestinal barrier function. Thus, our results suggest that hesperidin enhances intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of TJ-related occludin, MarvelD3, JAM-1, and claudin-1 via AMPK activation in human intestinal Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Yu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Korea
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17
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Song EJ, Kim MJ, Jung CH, Chung WH, Nam YD, Lim MY. Early response of the gut microbiome and serum metabolites to Cheonggukjang intake in healthy Korean subjects. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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18
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Potential Role of Quercetin Glycosides as Anti-Atherosclerotic Food-Derived Factors for Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020258. [PMID: 36829817 PMCID: PMC9952755 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a monomeric polyphenol of plant origin that belongs to the flavonol-type flavonoid subclass. Extensive studies using cultured cells and experimental model animals have demonstrated the anti-atherosclerotic effects of dietary quercetin in relation to the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As quercetin is exclusively present in plant-based foods in the form of glycosides, this review focuses on the bioavailability and bioefficacy of quercetin glycosides in relation to vascular health effects. Some glucose-bound glycosides are absorbed from the small intestine after glucuronide/sulfate conjugation. Both conjugated metabolites and deconjugated quercetin aglycones formed by plasma β-glucuronidase activity act as food-derived anti-atherogenic factors by exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-lowering effects. However, most quercetin glycosides reach the large intestine, where they are subject to gut microbiota-dependent catabolism resulting in deglycosylated aglycone and chain-scission products. These catabolites also affect vascular health after transfer into the circulation. Furthermore, quercetin glycosides may improve gut microbiota profiles. A variety of human cohort studies and intervention studies support the idea that the intake of quercetin glycoside-rich plant foods such as onion helps to prevent CVD. Thus, quercetin glycoside-rich foods offer potential benefits in terms of cardiovascular health and possible clinical applications.
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19
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Combined Effects of Methyldopa and Baicalein or Scutellaria baicalensis Roots Extract on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Expression of Inflammatory and Vascular Disease-Related Factors in Spontaneously Hypertensive Pregnant Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111342. [PMID: 36355514 PMCID: PMC9694684 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of baicalein or Scutellaria baicalensis root extract interaction with methyldopa in pregnant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at the pharmacodynamic, molecular, and biochemical levels. The rats, after confirming pregnancy, received baicalein (200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and extract (1000 mg/kg/day, p.o.), in combination with methyldopa (400 mg/kg/day; p.o.), for 14 consecutive days, 1 h before blood pressure and heart rate measurements. In the heart and placenta from mothers after giving birth to their offspring, mRNA expression of factors related to inflammatory processes (TNF-α, Il-1β, IL-6) and vascular diseases (TGF-β, HIF-1α, VEGF, PlGF) was measured. Levels of markers of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde) in the placenta and indicators of myocardial damage (troponin cTnC and cTnI, creatine kinase, myoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase) in the heart were also assessed. Baicalein co-administered with methyldopa was associated with reduced blood pressure, especially during the first three days. The interactions were more pronounced for such factors as TGF-β, HIF-1α, VEGF, and PlGF than TNF-α, Il-1β, and IL-6. Combined application of baicalein and extract with methyldopa may be of value in the development of a new antihypertensive medication intended for patients suffering from preeclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension.
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20
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Płatosz N, Bączek N, Topolska J, Szawara-Nowak D, Wiczkowski W. The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Features Different Permeability to Cyanidin-3-galactoside and Cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside and Their Metabolites Circulating in Blood. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12852-12864. [PMID: 36184825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the penetration of anthocyanins through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSF barrier) after intraruminal administration of chokeberry and red cabbage preparation to sheep. However, they have failed to explain which food anthocyanin forms are more capable of crossing the BCSF barrier. Thus, this study aim was to verify the ability of cyanidin 3-galactoside (Cy3gal, main chokeberry anthocyanin) and cyanidin 3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (Cy3diG5G, main red cabbage anthocyanin) to cross the BCSF barrier on the sheep model (n = 16) after intravenous administration (to exclude the influence of gastrointestinal processes) of preparations containing these compounds. The micro-HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that, after intravenous administration, anthocyanins penetrated the BCSF barrier and that the penetration potential of Cy3gal derivatives (6.73%) was higher than that of Cy3diG5G derivatives (6.10%), suggesting the observed differences to be largely due to the type and number of substituents as well as the size of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Płatosz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Bączek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Topolska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Szawara-Nowak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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21
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Jan R, Khan M, Asaf S, Lubna, Asif S, Kim KM. Bioactivity and Therapeutic Potential of Kaempferol and Quercetin: New Insights for Plant and Human Health. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2623. [PMID: 36235488 PMCID: PMC9571405 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids, are major metabolites widely found in plants that play several key roles in plant defence and signalling in response to stress conditions. The most studied among these flavonoids are kaempferol and quercetin due to their anti-oxidative potential and their key roles in the defence system, making them more critical for plant adaptation in stress environments. Kaempferol and quercetin in plants have great therapeutic potential for human health. Despite being well-studied, some of their functional aspects regarding plants and human health need further evaluation. This review summarizes the emerging potential of kaempferol and quercetin in terms of antimicrobial activity, bioavailability and bioactivity in the human body as well as in the regulation of plant defence in response to stresses and as a signalling molecule in terms of hormonal modulation under stress conditions. We also evaluated the safe use of both metabolites in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Murtaza Khan
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Lubna
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Asif
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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22
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Nejabati HR, Roshangar L. Kaempferol: A potential agent in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15488. [PMID: 36259115 PMCID: PMC9579739 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in relation to incidence and mortality rate and its incidence is considerably increasing annually due to the change in the dietary habit and lifestyle of the world population. Although conventional therapeutic options, such as surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy have profound impacts on the treatment of CRC, dietary therapeutic agents, particularly natural products have been regarded as the safest alternatives for the treatment of CRC. Kaempferol (KMP), a naturally derived flavonol, has been shown to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide ions, hydroxyl radicals, and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), especially peroxynitrite. Furthermore, this flavonol inhibits xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and increases the activities of catalase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a wide range of cancer and non-cancer cells. Based on several studies, KMP is also a hopeful anticancer which carries out its anticancer action via suppression of angiogenesis, stimulation of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Due to various applications of KMP as an anticancer flavonol, this review article aims to highlight the current knowledge regarding the role of KMP in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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23
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Polyphenols–Gut–Heart: An Impactful Relationship to Improve Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091700. [PMID: 36139775 PMCID: PMC9495581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut provides the perfect habitat for trillions of bacteria, called the intestinal microbiota, which is greatly responsive to the long-term diet; it exists in a symbiotic relationship with the host and provides circulating metabolites, hormones, and cytokines necessary for human metabolism. The gut–heart axis is a novel emerging concept based on the accumulating evidence that a perturbed gut microbiota, called dysbiosis, plays a role as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Consequently, recovery of the gut microbiota composition and function could represent a potential new avenue for improving patient outcomes. Despite their low absorption, preclinical evidence indicates that polyphenols and their metabolites are transformed by intestinal bacteria and halt detrimental microbes’ colonization in the host. Moreover, their metabolites are potentially effective in human health due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the causal role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure; to discuss the beneficial effects of polyphenols on the intestinal microbiota, and to hypothesize polyphenols or their derivatives as an opportunity to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases by shaping gut eubiosis.
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24
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Abstract
Flavonoids are natural polyphenol secondary metabolites that are widely produced in planta. Flavonoids are ubiquities in human dietary intake and exhibit a myriad of health benefits. Flavonoids-induced biological activities are strongly influenced by their in situ availability in the human GI tract, as well as the levels of which are modulated by interaction with the gut bacteria. As such, assessing flavonoids–microbiome interactions is considered a key to understand their physiological activities. Here, we review the interaction between the various classes of dietary flavonoids (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins) and gut microbiota. We aim to provide a holistic overview of the nature and identity of flavonoids on diet and highlight how flavonoids chemical structure, metabolism and impact on humans and their microbiomes are interconnected. Emphasis is placed on how flavonoids and their biotransformation products affect gut microbiota population, influence gut homoeostasis and induce measurable physiological changes and biological benefits.
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25
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Olędzka A, Cichocka K, Woliński K, Melzig MF, Czerwińska ME. Potentially Bio-Accessible Metabolites from an Extract of Cornus mas Fruit after Gastrointestinal Digestion In Vitro and Gut Microbiota Ex Vivo Treatment. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112287. [PMID: 35684087 PMCID: PMC9183047 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting pancreatic lipase and α-amylase by digestion-derived fractions of ethanolic-aqueous (60%, v/v) extract from Cornus mas fruit (CM) in relation to the control and prevention of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, was the first purpose of the present study. Taking into consideration the significance of bio-accessibility of compounds, we attempted to identify metabolites of CM after gastrointestinal digestion in vitro, as well as their kinetic changes upon gut microbiota treatment. The digestion of extract was simulated with digestive enzymes in vitro and human gut microbiota ex vivo (1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 24 h), followed by chromatographic analysis using the UHPLC-DAD-MSn method. The effect of fractions from gastrointestinal digestion in vitro on the activity of pancreatic lipase and α-amylase was studied with fluorescence-based assays. The gastric and intestinal fractions obtained after in vitro digestion of CM inhibited pancreatic lipase and α-amylase. Loganic acid as the main constituent of the extract was digested in the experimental conditions in contrast to cornuside. It was found in most analytes such as salivary, gastric, intestinal, and even colon (fecal slurry, FS) fractions. In all fractions, kaempferol hexoside and reduced forms of kaempferol, such as aromadendrin, and benzoic acid were assigned. The signals of tannins were detected in all fractions. Cornusiin A was tentatively assigned in the gastric fraction. The metabolites originating from kinetic analytes have been classified mainly as phenolic acids, hydrolyzable tannins, and flavonoids. Phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid, gallic acid), tannins (digalloylglucose, tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose), and flavonoids (aromadendrin, dihydroquercetin) were detected in the late phases of digestion in fecal slurry suspension. Cornuside was found in FS analyte after 3 h incubation. It was not detected in the samples after 6 and 24 h incubation with FS. In conclusion, cornuside, aromadendrin, and phenolic acids may be potentially bio-accessible compounds of CM. The presence of plants' secondary metabolites in the intestinal fractions allows us to indicate them as responsible for decreasing glucose and lipid absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Olędzka
- Student Scientific Association “Farmakon”, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (K.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Cichocka
- Student Scientific Association “Farmakon”, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.O.); (K.C.)
| | - Konrad Woliński
- Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden, Centre for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, 2 Prawdziwka Street, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Matthias F. Melzig
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 2+4 Koenigin-Luise Street, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Monika E. Czerwińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-116-61-85
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26
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Borges G, Fong RY, Ensunsa JL, Kimball J, Medici V, Ottaviani JI, Crozier A. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 185:90-96. [PMID: 35452808 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of apigenin and its O-glycosides in humans was investigated with apigenin-4'-glucuronide (Ap-4'-GlcUA), apigenin-7-glucuronide and apigenin-7-sulfate being identified as in vivo metabolites. Apigenin per se was poorly absorbed with metabolites equivalent to 0.5% of intake excreted in urine 0-24 h post-intake. Consumption of a parsley drink containing apigenin-7-O-(2″-O-apiosyl)glucoside resulted in the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of Ap-4'-GlcUA occurring after 4 h, indicative of absorption in the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Urinary excretion of the three metabolites corresponded to 11.2% of intake. Ingestion of dried powdered parsley leaves with yogurt extended the Cmax of Ap-4'-GlcUA to 6 h. Consumption of chamomile tea containing apigenin-7'-O-glucoside resulted in a 2 h Cmax of Ap-4'-GlcUA, in keeping with absorption in the upper GIT. Urinary excretion was equivalent to 34% of intake. Intake of the parsley drink provided information on intra- and inter-individual variations in the level of excretion of the apigenin metabolites. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This trail was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03526081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Borges
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Reedmond Y Fong
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Jodi L Ensunsa
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Jennifer Kimball
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Javier I Ottaviani
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA; Mars Inc., McLean, VA, 22101, USA
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA; Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Bouyahya A, Omari NE, EL Hachlafi N, Jemly ME, Hakkour M, Balahbib A, El Menyiy N, Bakrim S, Naceiri Mrabti H, Khouchlaa A, Mahomoodally MF, Catauro M, Montesano D, Zengin G. Chemical Compounds of Berry-Derived Polyphenols and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:3286. [PMID: 35630763 PMCID: PMC9146061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Berry-derived polyphenols are bioactive compounds synthesized and secreted by several berry fruits. These polyphenols feature a diversity of chemical compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. Here, we report the beneficial health effects of berry-derived polyphenols and their therapeutical application on gut-microbiota-related diseases, including inflammation and cancer. Pharmacokinetic investigations have confirmed the absorption, availability, and metabolism of berry-derived polyphenols. In vitro and in vivo tests, as well as clinical trials, showed that berry-derived polyphenols can positively modulate the gut microbiota, inhibiting inflammation and cancer development. Indeed, these compounds inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and also promote beneficial bacteria. Moreover, berry-derived polyphenols exhibit therapeutic effects against different gut-microbiota-related disorders such as inflammation, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Moreover, these polyphenols can manage the inflammation via various mechanisms, in particular the inhibition of the transcriptional factor Nf-κB. Berry-derived polyphenols have also shown remarkable effects on different types of cancer, including colorectal, breast, esophageal, and prostate cancer. Moreover, certain metabolic disorders such as diabetes and atherosclerosis were also managed by berry-derived polyphenols through different mechanisms. These data showed that polyphenols from berries are a promising source of bioactive compounds capable of modulating the intestinal microbiota, and therefore managing cancer and associated metabolic diseases. However, further investigations should be carried out to determine the mechanisms of action of berry-derived polyphenol bioactive compounds to validate their safety and examinate their clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco;
| | - Naoufal EL Hachlafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohmed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road Fez, Fez 30003, Morocco;
| | - Meryem El Jemly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Mohammed VI for Health Science, Casablanca 82403, Morocco;
| | - Maryam Hakkour
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco; (M.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco; (M.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco;
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Molecular Engineering, Valorization and Environment Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
| | - Aya Khouchlaa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco;
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Michelina Catauro
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
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28
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Tse TJ, Guo Y, Shim YY, Purdy SK, Kim JH, Cho JY, Alcorn J, Reaney MJT. Availability of bioactive flax lignan from foods and supplements. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9843-9858. [PMID: 35532015 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2072807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, high levels of blood lipids including cholesterol and triglycerides, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Traditional treatments of hyperlipidemia often include lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy. Recently, flaxseed has been approved as a nutrient that lowers blood lipids. Several metabolites of flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), have been identified that reduce blood lipids. SDG is present in flaxseed hull as an ester-linked copolymer with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (HMGA). However, purification processes involved in hydrolysis of the copolymer and enriching SDG are often expensive. The natural copolymer of SDG with HMGA (SDG polymer) is a source of bioactive compounds useful in prophylaxis of hypercholesterolemia. After consumption of the lignan copolymer, SDG and HMGA are released in the stomach and small intestines. SDG is metabolized to secoisolariciresinol, enterolactone and enterodiol, the bioactive forms of mammalian lignans. These metabolites are then distributed throughout the body where they accumulate in the liver, kidney, skin, other tissues, and organs. Successively, these metabolites reduce blood lipids including cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid peroxidation products. In this review, the metabolism and efficacies of flaxseed-derived enriched SDG and SDG polymer will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Tse
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yajia Guo
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Youn Young Shim
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sarah K Purdy
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jane Alcorn
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
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29
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The Impact of Flavonols on Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091973. [PMID: 35565940 PMCID: PMC9101293 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of deaths globally. The main target for prevention of cardiovascular (CV) risk are lifestyle changes, including particular dietary recommendations, involving high intake of fruits and vegetables. Flavonols are a subgroup of flavonoids—compounds present in fruits, vegetables, and tea—known for their antioxidative properties. There are many findings about the beneficial impact of flavonols on general CV risk and its factors, but mainly from in vitro and animal model studies. This paper summarizes data from human studies about flavonols’ impact on general CV risk and its factors. A high dietary intake of flavonols could decrease CVD mortality directly or through impact on selected CV factors; however, available data are inconsistent. Nonetheless, specific groups of patients (smoking men, hypertensive and diabetic patients) can potentially benefit from selected dietary modifications or flavonols (quercetin) supplementation. Future investigations about kaempferol and myricetin are needed.
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30
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Kanamori T, Miki Y, Katou M, Ogura SI, Yuasa H. 4'-Nitrobiphenyl thioglucoside as the Smallest, fluorescent photosensitizer with cancer targeting ligand. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 61:116737. [PMID: 35382968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We have previously developed a glucose-linked biphenyl photosensitizer that can pass through glucose transporters, aiming for cancer-selective photodynamic therapy (PDT). Its small size (MW: 435) will allow oral administration and a fast clearance avoiding photosensitivity. However, its fluorescence efficiency was quite low, causing difficulty in monitoring cellular uptake. We thus synthesized a series of monosaccharide-linked biphenyl derivatives with a sulfur atom replacing an oxygen atom, in search of a photosensitizer with a brighter fluorescence. Among them, 4'-nitrobiphenyl thioglucoside showed a fluorescence emission extending to near infra-red region with a strength three times greater than that of the previous compound. This compound was found to have a higher 1O2-producing efficiency (ΦΔ: 0.75) than the previous compound (ΦΔ: 0.65). The thioglucoside indicated a significant photodamaging effect (IC50: 250 μM) against cancer cells. Although the galactose and mannose analogs exerted similar photodamaging effects, they were moderately toxic in the dark at a concentration of 300 μM. The thioglucoside and thiomannoside were at least partially uptaken through glucose transporters as demonstrated by inhibition with cytochalasin B, whereas no inhibition was observed for the galactoside. The behavior of d-glucose toward the cellular uptakes of these photosensitizers was bipolar: inhibitory at a low concentration and recovery or acceleratory at a higher concentration. These results indicate that 4'-nitrobiphenyl thioglucoside is the smallest (MW: 393) cancer-targeting photosensitizer with a trackable fluorescence property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanamori
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Miki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Katou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Ogura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hideya Yuasa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J2-10 4259 Nagatsuta, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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31
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Molecular networking-guided strategy for the pharmacokinetic study of herbal medicines: Cudrania tricuspidata leaf extracts. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112895. [PMID: 35364379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the pharmacokinetic profiles of the bioactive components in the leaf extract of the medicinal herb, Cudrania tricuspidate, were investigated using an MS/MS-based molecular networking system. To identify the major active components of the C. tricuspidate leaf extract (CLE), HPLC-DAD analysis was conducted with a standard mixture of six flavonoids (rutin, isoquercitrin, nicotiflorin, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin, and kaempferol). The unknown peaks were determined via molecular networking analysis using the mass dataset obtained by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS). For the subsequent pharmacokinetic study, CLE (1 g/kg) was orally administered to rats, and plasma samples were collected. The product ion mass data of plasma samples using LC-QTOF/MS were obtained and subjected to molecular networking analysis. The resulting molecular networking map indicated that the glucuronide metabolites of quercetin and kaempferol were the major circulating species. Accordingly, quercetin and kaempferol were determined following β-glucuronidase treatment, and their pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. These findings indicate that the proposed molecular network-based approaches are potential and efficient methods for the pharmacokinetic study of herbal medicines.
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32
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Keranmu A, Pan LB, Yu H, Fu J, Liu YF, Amuti S, Han P, Ma SR, Xu H, Zhang ZW, Chen D, Yang FY, Wang MS, Wang Y, Xing NZ, Jiang JD. The potential biological effects of quercetin based on pharmacokinetics and multi-targeted mechanism in vivo. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:403-431. [PMID: 35282731 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2045965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a plant-derived polyphenol flavonoid that has been proven to be effective for many diseases. However, the mechanism and in vivo metabolism of quercetin remains to be clarified. It achieves a wide range of biological effects through various metabolites, gut microbiota and its metabolites, systemic mediators produced by inflammation and oxidation, as well as by multiple mechanisms. The all-round disease treatment of quercetin is achieved through the organic combination of multiple channels. Therefore, this article clarifies the metabolic process of quercetin in the body, and explores the new pattern of action of quercetin in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adili Keranmu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi-Fang Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Siyiti Amuti
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Pei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shu-Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fei-Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ming-Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nian-Zeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Yu S, Shan X, Lyv Y, Zhou J. Bioproduction of quercetin using recombinant thermostable glycosidases from Dictyoglomus thermophilum. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:48. [PMID: 38647783 PMCID: PMC10991118 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is an essential ingredient in functional foods and nutritional supplements, as well as a promising therapeutic reagent. Also, the green technique to produce quercetin via rutin biotransformation is attractive. Genes encoding two thermostable glycosidases from Dictyoglomus thermophilum were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, which were applied in rutin biotransformation to produce highly pure quercetin at a high temperature. The production of biocatalysts were scaled up in a 5-L bioreactor, yielding a several-fold increase in total enzyme activity and a quercetin production of 14.22 ± 0.26 g/L from 30 g/L of rutin. Feeding strategies were optimized to boost biomass and enzyme production, achieving an activity of 104,801.80 ± 161.99 U/L for rhamnosidase and 12,637.23 ± 17.94 U/L for glucosidase, and a quercetin yield of 20.24 ± 0.27 g/L from the complete conversion of rutin. This study proposes a promising approach for producing high-quality quercetin in an industrial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Yu
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education On Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shan
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education On Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunbin Lyv
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education On Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Bangar SP, Chaudhary V, Sharma N, Bansal V, Ozogul F, Lorenzo JM. Kaempferol: A flavonoid with wider biological activities and its applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9580-9604. [PMID: 35468008 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol and its derivatives are naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising bioactivities. This flavonol can reduce the lipid oxidation in the human body, prevent the organs and cell structure from deterioration and protect their functional integrity. This review has extensively highlighted the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activity of kaempferol. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability of kaempferol greatly limit its applications. The utilization of advanced delivery systems can improve its stability, efficacy, and bioavailability. This is the first review that aimed to comprehensively collate some of the vital information published on biosynthesis, mechanism of action, bioactivities, bioavailability, and toxicological potential of kaempferol. Besides, it provides insights into the future direction on the improvement of bioavailability of kaempferol for wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Vandana Chaudhary
- College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nitya Sharma
- Food Customization Research Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasudha Bansal
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Government of Home Science College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Tsugami Y, Wakasa H, Kawahara M, Nishimura T, Kobayashi K. Isoflavones and their metabolites influence the milk production ability of bovine mammary epithelial cells in a type-specific manner. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13720. [PMID: 35417088 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows feed on isoflavones as physiologically active substances present in legumes. However, the influences of isoflavones (biochanin A, genistein, formononetin, and daidzein) and their metabolites (p-ethylphenol and equol) on milk components production, tight junctions (TJs), and their regulatory pathways are unclear in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). In this study, we investigated the influences of isoflavones and their metabolites in BMECs using an in vitro culture model. The influences of isoflavones on milk components production, TJ proteins, and STAT5/STAT3 signaling pathways were different in a type-specific manner. Biochanin A decreased the mRNA expression and secretion of both β-casein and lactoferrin while a decrease in activated STAT5 and an increase in activated STAT3. In contrast, equol increased claudin-3, which is the main components for less-permeable TJs in lactation, while an increase in activated STAT5. In addition, a mixture of multiple isoflavones based on the intake of red clover increased secretion of lactoferrin, mRNA expression of β-casein, and amount of claudin-3, but a mixture based on soy did not affect the BMECs. Thus, these results indicate that isoflavones in legumes and the metabolic activity of isoflavones in dairy cows when feeding legumes may affect the milk production ability in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Tsugami
- Laboratory of Animal Histophysiology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruka Wakasa
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawahara
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Mas-Bargues C, Borrás C, Viña J. The multimodal action of genistein in Alzheimer's and other age-related diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 183:127-137. [PMID: 35346775 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is a phytoestrogen that, due to its structural similarity with estrogen, can both mimic and antagonize estrogen effects. Early analysis proved that at high concentrations, genistein inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, thereby suggesting an anticancer activity. Since then, many discoveries have identified the genistein mechanism of action, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, as well as angiogenesis, and metastasis inhibition. In this review, we aim to discuss the multimodal action of genistein as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloid β, and autophagy promoter, which could be responsible for the genistein beneficial effect on Alzheimer's. Furthermore, we pinpoint the main signal transduction pathways that are known to be modulated by genistein. Genistein has thus several beneficial effects in several diseases, many of them associated with age, such as the above mentioned Alzheimer disease. Indeed, the beneficial effects of genistein for health promotion depend on each multimodality. In the context of geroscience, genistein has promising beneficial effects due to its multimodal action to treat age associated-diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERFES-ISCIII), INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain
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Changes in physicochemical and functional properties of Opuntia humifusa during fermentation with cellulolytic enzyme and lactic acid bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Maximizing the Estrogenic Potential of Soy Isoflavones through the Gut Microbiome: Implication for Cardiometabolic Health in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030553. [PMID: 35276910 PMCID: PMC8840243 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavones have been suggested as an alternative treatment for managing postmenopausal symptoms and promoting long-term health due to their structural similarity to mammalian estrogen and ability to bind to estrogen receptors. Among all soy isoflavones and their metabolites, (S)-equol is known for having the strongest estrogenic activity. Equol is a metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein produced through intestinal bacterial metabolism. However, more than half of the human population is not able to produce equol due to the lack of equol-producing bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. The interpersonal variations in the gut microbiome complicate the interpretation of data collected from humans. Furthermore, because rodents are efficient equol-producers, translatability between rodent models and humans is challenging. Herein, we first summarized the current knowledge of the microbial conversion of daidzein to equol, its relation to health, and proposed the need for developing model systems by which equol production can be manipulated while controlling other known confounding factors. Determining the necessity of equol-producing capacity within a gut microbial community when consuming soy as a functional ingredient, and identifying strategies to maximize equol production by modulating the gut microbiome, may provide future therapeutic approaches to improve the health of postmenopausal women.
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Yang J, Sun Y, Cao F, Yang B, Kuang H. Natural Products from Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino: A Review on Their Structural Analysis, Quality Control, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030695. [PMID: 35163960 PMCID: PMC8840080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The calyxes and fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (P. alkekengi), a medicinal and edible plant, are frequently used as heat-clearing and detoxifying agents in thousands of Chinese medicine prescriptions. For thousands of years in China, they have been widely used in clinical practice to treat throat disease, hepatitis, and bacillary dysentery. This systematic review summarizes their structural analysis, quality control, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, the possible development trends and perspectives for future research studies on this medicinal plant are discussed. Relevant information on the calyxes and fruits of P. alkekengi was collected from electronic databases, Chinese herbal classics, and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Moreover, information was collected from ancient documents in China. The components isolated and identified in P. alkekengi include steroids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, nucleosides, terpenoids, megastigmane, aliphatic derivatives, organic acids, coumarins, and sucrose esters. Steroids, particularly physalins and flavonoids, are the major characteristic and bioactive ingredients in P. alkekengi. According to the literature, physalins are synthesized by the mevalonate and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathways, and flavonoids are synthesized by the phenylpropanoid pathway. Since the chemical components and pharmacological effects of P. alkekengi are complex and varied, there are different standards for the evaluation of its quality and efficacy. In most cases, the analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection. A pharmacological study showed that the crude extracts and isolated compounds from P. alkekengi had extensive in vitro and in vivo biological activities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, immunosuppressive, antibacterial, anti-leishmanial, anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-malarial, anti-Alzheimer's disease, and vasodilatory). Moreover, the relevant anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor mechanisms were elucidated. The reported activities indicate the great pharmacological potential of P. alkekengi. Similarly, studies on the pharmacokinetics of specific compounds will also contribute to the progress of clinical research in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Feng Cao
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, China;
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (Y.S.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0451-82197188
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Albadr Y, Crowe A, Caccetta R. Teucrium polium: Potential Drug Source for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010128. [PMID: 35053127 PMCID: PMC8772689 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Teucrium polium (also known as Golden Germander) is a herb brewed and drunk as a tea by the locals of the Mediterranean region, used mostly to treat a number of illnesses including diabetes. When consumed regularly, the tea can be problematic since some of its ingredients can be toxic or interfere with other medications taken by the patient. Current anti-diabetic medications are not always suitable nor optimal for all patients living with diabetes and therefore new drugs are constantly being sought after which may be more useful and/or present less side effects. Therefore, identifying the specific constituents that give the desired anti-diabetic effect, isolating them and developing them further may provide new useful anti-diabetic drugs. This paper discusses some key compounds found in Golden Germander that might be valuable for developing a new medication for type 2 diabetics whilst outlining some issues with the research conducted thus far. Abstract The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising globally and this disease is proposed to be the next pandemic after COVID-19. Although the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus is unknown, it is believed to involve a complex array of genetic defects that affect metabolic pathways which eventually lead to hyperglycaemia. This hyperglycaemia arises from an inability of the insulin-sensitive cells to sufficiently respond to the secreted insulin, which eventually results in the inadequate secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells. Several treatments, utilising a variety of mechanisms, are available for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, more medications are needed to assist with the optimal management of the different stages of the disease in patients of varying ages with the diverse combinations of other medications co-administered. Throughout modern history, some lead constituents from ancient medicinal plants have been investigated extensively and helped in developing synthetic antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin. Teucrium polium L. (Tp) is a herb that has a folk reputation for its antidiabetic potential. Previous studies indicate that Tp extracts significantly decrease blood glucose levels r and induce insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells in vitro. Nonetheless, the constituent/s responsible for this action have not yet been elucidated. The effects appear to be, at least in part, attributable to the presence of selected flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, and rutin). This review aims to examine the reported glucose-lowering effect of the herb, with a keen focus on insulin secretion, specifically related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. An analysis of the contribution of the key constituent flavonoids of Tp extracts will also be discussed.
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Phytoestrogen genistein modulates neuron-microglia signaling in a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress. Neuropharmacology 2022; 206:108941. [PMID: 34990615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, resident immune cells in the brain, are shown to mediate the crosstalk between psychological stress and depression. Interestingly, increasing evidence indicates that sex hormones, particularly estrogen, are involved in the regulation of immune system. In this study, we aimed to understand the potential effects of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and genistein (GEN), an estrogenic compound of the plant origin, on neuron-microglia interactions in the mouse hippocampus. The time spent in the avoidance zone in the social interaction test was increased by CSDS 1 day after the exposure, while the avoidance behavior returned to control levels 14 days after the CSDS exposure. Similar results were obtained from the elevated plus-maze test. However, the immobility time in the forced swim test was increased by CSDS 14 days after the exposure, and the depression-related behavior was in part alleviated by GEN. The numerical densities of microglia in the hippocampus were increased by CSDS, and they were decreased by GEN. The voxel densities of synaptic structures and synaptic puncta colocalized with microglia were decreased by CSDS, and they were increased by GEN. Neither CSDS nor GEN affected the gene expressions of major pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, the expression levels of genes related to neurotrophic factors were decreased by CSDS, and they were partially reversed by GEN. These findings show that GEN may in part alleviate stress-related symptoms, and the effects of GEN may be associated with the modulation of neuron-microglia signaling via chemokines and neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus.
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Lack of salidroside impact on selected cytochromes encoding genes transcription in the liver of ethanol induced rats. HERBA POLONICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: The molecular basis of in vivo metabolism of selected representatives of phenylethanoids in the presence of ethanol has not been fully elucidated.
Objective: The aim was to estimate a salidroside (Sal) metabolism in the liver tissue in rats with induced alcohol tolerance by assessing changes in the transcription of genes encoding cytochromes: CYP1A2, 2D2, 3A1, 2C23.
Methods: cDNA was synthesized from total RNA isolated from rat liver samples. mRNA level changes were evaluated using real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technique.
Results: Ethanol caused a significant induction of the CYP1A2 and CYP2C23 genes transcription, and a decrease in the CYP3A1 mRNA level, predominantly without statistical significance. A statistically significant increase of the CYP1A2 mRNA level was observed in the group receiving only Sal (4.5 mg/kg b.w.; p.o.) (p<0.01).
Conclusions: There was no unequivocal effect of salidroside on the transcription of investigated cytochrome genes in the liver of rats with induced alcohol tolerance.
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Alam W, Rocca C, Khan H, Hussain Y, Aschner M, De Bartolo A, Amodio N, Angelone T, Cheang WS. Current Status and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Potential of Apigenin: Focus on Metabolic-Syndrome-Dependent Organ Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101643. [PMID: 34679777 PMCID: PMC8533599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and its associated disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are globally prevalent. Different molecules showing therapeutic potential are currently available for the management of metabolic syndrome, although their efficacy has often been compromised by their poor bioavailability and side effects. Studies have been carried out on medicinal plant extracts for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. In this regard, isolated pure compounds have shown promising efficacy for the management of metabolic syndrome, both in preclinical and clinical settings. Apigenin, a natural bioactive flavonoid widely present in medicinal plants, functional foods, vegetables and fruits, exerts protective effects in models of neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases and most of these effects are attributed to its antioxidant action. Various preclinical and clinical studies carried out so far show a protective effect of apigenin against metabolic syndrome. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on both in vitro and in vivo evidence related to the promising antioxidant role of apigenin in cardioprotection, neuroprotection and renoprotection, and to its beneficial action in metabolic-syndrome-dependent organ dysfunction. We also provide evidence on the potential of apigenin in the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic syndrome, analysing the potential and limitation of its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 221400, China;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Anna De Bartolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research I.N.R.C., 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China;
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Kapoor MP, Moriwaki M, Uguri K, Timm D, Kuroiwa Y. Bioavailability of dietary isoquercitrin-γ-cyclodextrin molecular inclusion complex in Sprague–Dawley rats and healthy humans. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Alshehri MM, Sharifi-Rad J, Herrera-Bravo J, Jara EL, Salazar LA, Kregiel D, Uprety Y, Akram M, Iqbal M, Martorell M, Torrens-Mas M, Pons DG, Daştan SD, Cruz-Martins N, Ozdemir FA, Kumar M, Cho WC. Therapeutic Potential of Isoflavones with an Emphasis on Daidzein. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6331630. [PMID: 34539970 PMCID: PMC8448605 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6331630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Daidzein is a phytoestrogen isoflavone found in soybeans and other legumes. The chemical composition of daidzein is analogous to mammalian estrogens, and it could be useful with a dual-directional purpose by substituting/hindering with estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) complex. Hence, daidzein puts forth shielding effects against a great number of diseases, especially those associated with the control of estrogen, such as breast cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. However, daidzein also has other ER-independent biological activities, such as oxidative damage reduction acting as an antioxidant, immune regulator as an anti-inflammatory agent, and apoptosis regulation, directly linked to its potential anticancer effects. In this sense, the present review is aimed at providing a deepen analysis of daidzein pharmacodynamics and its implications in human health, from its best-known effects alleviating postmenopausal symptoms to its potential anticancer and antiaging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Evelyn L. Jara
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yadav Uprety
- Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqbal
- Institute of Health Management, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Translational Research In Aging and Longevity (TRIAL Group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBA), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional (GMOT), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Bingol University, Bingol 1200, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Houriet J, Arnold YE, Pellissier L, Kalia YN, Wolfender JL. Using Porcine Jejunum Ex Vivo to Study Absorption and Biotransformation of Natural Products in Plant Extracts: Pueraria lobata as a Case Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080541. [PMID: 34436482 PMCID: PMC8398828 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal preparations (HPs) used in folk medicine are complex mixtures of natural products (NPs). Their efficacy in vivo after ingestion depends on the uptake of the active ingredient, and, in some cases, their metabolites, in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, correlating bioactivities measured in vitro and efficacy in vivo is a challenge. An extract of Pueraria lobata rich in different types of isoflavones was used to evaluate the capacity of viable porcine small intestine ex vivo to elucidate the absorption of HP constituents, and, in some cases, their metabolites. The identification and transport of permeants across the jejunum was monitored by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), combining targeted and untargeted metabolite profiling approaches. It was observed that the C-glycoside isoflavones were stable and crossed the intestinal membrane, while various O-glycoside isoflavones were metabolized into their corresponding aglycones, which were then absorbed. These results are consistent with human data, highlighting the potential of using this approach. A thorough investigation of the impact of absorption and biotransformation was obtained without in vivo studies. The combination of qualitative untargeted and quantitative targeted LC-MS methods effectively monitored a large number of NPs and their metabolites, which is essential for research on HPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Houriet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.H.); (Y.E.A.); (L.P.); (Y.N.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne E. Arnold
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.H.); (Y.E.A.); (L.P.); (Y.N.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Léonie Pellissier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.H.); (Y.E.A.); (L.P.); (Y.N.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N. Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.H.); (Y.E.A.); (L.P.); (Y.N.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.H.); (Y.E.A.); (L.P.); (Y.N.K.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Hamed AR, El-Hawary SS, Ibrahim RM, Abdelmohsen UR, El-Halawany AM. Identification of Chemopreventive Components from Halophytes Belonging to Aizoaceae and Cactaceae Through LC/MS-Bioassay Guided Approach. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:618-626. [PMID: 33352581 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Six halophytes, namely, Aptenia cordifolia var. variegata, Glottiphyllum linguiforme, Carpobrotus edulis, Ferocactus glaucescens, F. pottsii and F. herrerae were investigated for chemopreventive effect. Prioritization of most promising plant for further investigation was carried out through an integrated liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry profiling-bioassay guided approach. NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) induction in cultured murine hepatoma cells (Hepa-1c1c7) and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages (RAW 264.7) were carried out to investigate chemopreventive effect. Bioassay data revealed that F. herrerae, A. cordifolia, C. edulis and F. glaucescens were the most active with 2-, 1.7-, 1.6- and 1.5-folds induction of NQO-1 activity. Only F. glaucescens exhibited >50% inhibition of NO release. LCMS profiling of the F. glaucescens revealed its high content of flavonoids, a known micheal acceptor with possible NQO-1 induction, as proved by quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Thus, the extract of F. glaucescens was subjected to chromatographic fractionation leading to the isolation of four compounds including (i) 2S-naringenin, (ii) trans-dihydrokaempferol (aromadendrin), (iii) 2S-naringenin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and (iv) kaempferol-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (populnin). The current study through an LCMS dereplication along with bio guided approach reported the activity of populnin as NO inhibitor and NQO-1 inducer with promising chemopreventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Hamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.,Biology Unit, Central Lab for the Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Seham S El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana M Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.,Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ali M El-Halawany
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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48
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Leite IB, Magalhães CD, Monteiro M, Fialho E. Addition of Honey to an Apple and Passion Fruit Mixed Beverage Improves Its Phenolic Compound Profile. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071525. [PMID: 34359395 PMCID: PMC8307978 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of honey to mixed beverages is interesting due to its contribution to the sweet taste, as well as because it is a dietary source of bioactive compounds. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition and sensory acceptance of an apple and passion fruit mixed beverage with added honey. The addition of honey did not produce a noticeable change in instrumental color but led to an increase in total soluble solids contents, and FRAP (20%), TEAC (72%), and DPPH (62%) values. The honey mixed beverages exhibited a better phenolic compound profile with an increase in catechin contents and an enrichment of quercetin when compared to the control mixed beverage, as well presenting good sensory acceptance. In conclusion, our results show that the addition of honey can be an alternative for improving the nutritional and sensorial characteristics of an apple and passion fruit mixed beverage.
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49
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Rodríguez-Daza MC, Pulido-Mateos EC, Lupien-Meilleur J, Guyonnet D, Desjardins Y, Roy D. Polyphenol-Mediated Gut Microbiota Modulation: Toward Prebiotics and Further. Front Nutr 2021; 8:689456. [PMID: 34268328 PMCID: PMC8276758 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of gut microbes encodes a collection of enzymes whose metabolic functions contribute to the bioavailability and bioactivity of unabsorbed (poly)phenols. Datasets from high throughput sequencing, metabolome measurements, and other omics have expanded the understanding of the different modes of actions by which (poly)phenols modulate the microbiome conferring health benefits to the host. Progress have been made to identify direct prebiotic effects of (poly)phenols; albeit up to date, these compounds are not recognized as prebiotics sensu stricto. Interestingly, certain probiotics strains have an enzymatic repertoire, such as tannase, α-L-rhamnosidase, and phenolic acid reductase, involved in the transformation of different (poly)phenols into bioactive phenolic metabolites. In vivo studies have demonstrated that these (poly)phenol-transforming bacteria thrive when provided with phenolic substrates. However, other taxonomically distinct gut symbionts of which a phenolic-metabolizing activity has not been demonstrated are still significantly promoted by (poly)phenols. This is the case of Akkermansia muciniphila, a so-called antiobesity bacterium, which responds positively to (poly)phenols and may be partially responsible for the health benefits formerly attributed to these molecules. We surmise that (poly)phenols broad antimicrobial action free ecological niches occupied by competing bacteria, thereby allowing the bloom of beneficial gut bacteria. This review explores the capacity of (poly)phenols to promote beneficial gut bacteria through their direct and collaborative bacterial utilization and their inhibitory action on potential pathogenic species. We propose the term duplibiotic, to describe an unabsorbed substrate modulating the gut microbiota by both antimicrobial and prebiotic modes of action. (Poly)phenol duplibiotic effect could participate in blunting metabolic disturbance and gut dysbiosis, positioning these compounds as dietary strategies with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Rodríguez-Daza
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Elena C Pulido-Mateos
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Lupien-Meilleur
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Guyonnet
- Diana Nova, Symrise Nutrition, Clichy-la-Garenne, France
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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50
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Yang X, Guo Y, Tse TJ, Purdy SK, Mustafa R, Shen J, Alcorn J, Reaney MJT. Oral Pharmacokinetics of Enriched Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside and Its Polymer in Rats. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1816-1822. [PMID: 34043363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is the principal lignan of flaxseed and precursor of its aglycone, secoisolariciresinol (SECO), and the mammalian lignans enterolactone (EL) and enterodiol (ED), the putative bioactive forms of oral administration of SDG. SDG is present in the seed hull as an ester-linked polymer. Although extraction and purification of SDG monomer is costly, the use of naturally occurring SDG in polymer form may offer a more economical approach for delivery of this precursor. The extent of SDG release from the polymer and subsequent bioavailability of SDG metabolites are unknown. To understand the relative bioavailability of SDG polymer, this study examined the comparative bioavailability of enriched SDG and SDG polymer in rats after a single oral SDG equivalent dose (40 mg/kg). A validated LC-MS/MS method quantified SDG and its metabolites in rat plasma following serial blood collections. SDG remained undetectable in rat plasma samples. Unconjugated SECO was detected in plasma after 0.25 h. Unconjugated ED was observed after 8 h (3.4 ± 3.3 ng/mL) and 12 h (6.2 ± 3.3 ng/mL) for enriched SDG and SDG polymer, respectively. Total (conjugated and unconjugated) ED and EL resulting from enriched SDG and SDG polymer reached similar maximal concentrations between 11 and 12 h and demonstrated similar total body exposures (AUC values). These data suggest a similar pharmacokinetic profile between the enriched and polymer form of SDG, providing support for the use of SDG polymer as a more economical precursor for SECO, ED, and EL in applications of chronic disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yajia Guo
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Timothy J Tse
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Sarah K Purdy
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Rana Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Jianheng Shen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Jane Alcorn
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc., 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon, SK S7J 0R1, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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