1
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Hafez DE, Dubiel M, La Spada G, Catto M, Reiner-Link D, Syu YT, Abdel-Halim M, Hwang TL, Stark H, Abadi AH. Novel benzothiazole derivatives as multitargeted-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2175821. [PMID: 36789662 PMCID: PMC9937012 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2175821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are multifactorial with several different pathologic mechanisms. Therefore, it is assumed that multitargeted-directed ligands (MTDLs) which interact with different biological targets relevant to the diseases, might offer an improved therapeutic alternative than using the traditional "one-target, one-molecule" approach. Herein, we describe new benzothiazole-based derivatives as a privileged scaffold for histamine H3 receptor ligands (H3R). The most affine compound, the 3-(azepan-1-yl)propyloxy-linked benzothiazole derivative 4b, displayed a Ki value of 0.012 μM. The multitargeting potential of these H3R ligands towards AChE, BuChE and MAO-B enzymes was evaluated to yield compound 3s (pyrrolidin-1-yl-(6-((5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentyl)oxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methanone) as the most promising MTDL with a Ki value of 0.036 μM at H3R and IC50 values of 6.7 µM, 2.35 µM, and 1.6 µM towards AChE, BuChE, and MAO-B, respectively. These findings suggest that compound 3s can be a lead structure for developing new multi-targeting anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia E. Hafez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam Dubiel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Gabriella La Spada
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Catto
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - David Reiner-Link
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Yu-Ting Syu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt,CONTACT Mohammad Abdel-Halim Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Tsong-Long Hwang Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt,Ashraf H. Abadi Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Cheng H, Zhu YQ, Liu PF, Yang KQ, Yan J, Sang W, Tang XS, Zhang R, Chen C. Switchable and Scalable Heteroarylation of Primary Amines with 2-Chlorobenzothiazoles under Transition-Metal-Free and Solvent-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10288-10302. [PMID: 34288680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
2-Aminobenzothiazoles comprise a valuable structural motif, which prevails in versatile natural products and biologically active compounds. Herein, a switchable and scalable C-N coupling protocol was developed for the synthesis of these compounds from 2-chlorobenzothiazoles and primary amines. Gratifyingly, this protocol was achieved under transition-metal-free and solvent-free conditions. Moreover, introducing an appropriate amount of NaH completely switched the selectivity from mono- toward di-heteroarylation, and further investigations provided a rationale for this new finding. Furthermore, gram-scale synthesis of representative products 3a and 4a was realized by applying operationally simple and glovebox-free procedures, which revealed the practical usefulness of this work. Finally, evaluation of the quantitative green metrics provided evidence that our protocol was superior over the literature ones in terms of green chemistry and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang 441053, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang 441053, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang 441053, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Qiang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang 441053, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang 441053, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Tang
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Science, Hubei University of Arts and Science, 296 Longzhong Road, Xiangyang 441053, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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3
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Chikhale RV, Pant AM, Menghani SS, Wadibhasme PG, Khedekar PB. Facile and efficient synthesis of benzoxazole derivatives using novel catalytic activity of PEG-SO 3 H. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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4
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Khanfar MA, Affini A, Lutsenko K, Nikolic K, Butini S, Stark H. Multiple Targeting Approaches on Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:201. [PMID: 27303254 PMCID: PMC4884744 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With the very recent market approval of pitolisant (Wakix®), the interest in clinical applications of novel multifunctional histamine H3 receptor antagonists has clearly increased. Since histamine H3 receptor antagonists in clinical development have been tested for a variety of different indications, the combination of pharmacological properties in one molecule for improved pharmacological effects and reduced unwanted side-effects is rationally based on the increasing knowledge on the complex neurotransmitter regulations. The polypharmacological approaches on histamine H3 receptor antagonists on different G-protein coupled receptors, transporters, enzymes as well as on NO-signaling mechanism are described, supported with some lead structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Khanfar
- Stark Lab, Institut fuer Pharmazeutische and Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet DuesseldorfDuesseldorf, Germany; Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of JordanAmman, Jordan
| | - Anna Affini
- Stark Lab, Institut fuer Pharmazeutische and Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kiril Lutsenko
- Stark Lab, Institut fuer Pharmazeutische and Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena Siena, Italy
| | - Holger Stark
- Stark Lab, Institut fuer Pharmazeutische and Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitaet Duesseldorf Duesseldorf, Germany
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5
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Al-Ghorbani M, Pavankumar GS, Naveen P, Thirusangu P, Prabhakar BT, Khanum SA. Synthesis and an angiolytic role of novel piperazine-benzothiazole analogues on neovascularization, a chief tumoral parameter in neoplastic development. Bioorg Chem 2016; 65:110-7. [PMID: 26918263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of benzoic acid N'-[2-(4-benzothiazol-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-acetyl]-hydrazides 6a-j were synthesized and characterized by IR, (1)H, (13)C NMR, elemental and mass spectral analyses. The in-vitro cytotoxicity and cell viability assay of the synthesized compounds 6a-j were evaluated against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) cells. Our results showed that compound 6c with a bromo group on phenyl ring has showed promising antiproliferative efficacy. Further investigation of compound 6c on in-vivo treatment model depicts the increased tumor suppression through inhibition of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - G S Pavankumar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous), Kuvempu University, Karnataka, India
| | - P Naveen
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabhu Thirusangu
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous), Kuvempu University, Karnataka, India
| | - B T Prabhakar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous), Kuvempu University, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaukath Ara Khanum
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India.
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6
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Wang L, Kofler M, Brosch G, Melesina J, Sippl W, Martinez ED, Easmon J. 2-Benzazolyl-4-Piperazin-1-Ylsulfonylbenzenecarbohydroxamic Acids as Novel Selective Histone Deacetylase-6 Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134556. [PMID: 26698121 PMCID: PMC4689404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have screened our compound collection in an established cell based assay that measures the derepression of an epigenetically silenced transgene, the locus derepression assay. The screen led to the identification of 4-[4-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonylbenzenecarbohydroxamic acid (9b) as an active which was found to inhibit HDAC1. In initial structure activity relationships study, the 1-methylbenzimidazole ring was replaced by the isosteric heterocycles benzimidazole, benzoxazole, and benzothiazole and the position of the hydroxamic acid substituent on the phenyl ring was varied. Whereas compounds bearing a para substituted hydroxamic acid (9a-d) were active HDAC inhibitors, the meta substituted analogues (8a-d) were appreciably inactive. Compounds 9a-d selectively inhibited HDAC6 (IC50 = 0.1-1.0 μM) over HDAC1 (IC50 = 0.9-6 μM) and moreover, also selectively inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells vs. patient matched normal cells. The compounds induce a cell cycle arrest in the S-phase while induction of apoptosis is neglible as compared to controls. Molecular modeling studies uncovered that the MM-GBSA energy for interaction of 9a-d with HDAC6 was higher than for HDAC1 providing structural rationale for the HDAC6 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Marina Kofler
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald Brosch
- Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck Medical University Innrain 80–82, A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Jelena Melesina
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Elisabeth D. Martinez
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JE); (EM)
| | - Johnny Easmon
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail: (JE); (EM)
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7
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Keri RS, Patil MR, Patil SA, Budagumpi S. A comprehensive review in current developments of benzothiazole-based molecules in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 89:207-51. [PMID: 25462241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole (BTA) and its derivatives are the most important heterocyclic compounds, which are common and integral feature of a variety of natural products and pharmaceutical agents. BTA shows a variety of pharmacological properties, and its analogs offer a high degree of structural diversity that has proven useful for the search of new therapeutic agents. The broad spectrum of pharmacological activity in individual BTA derivative indicates that, this series of compounds is of an undoubted interest. The related research and developments in BTA-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous BTA-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in practice to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of BTA-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, analgesic, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial and other medicinal agents. It is believed that, this review article is helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic BTA-based drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India.
| | - Mahadeo R Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddappa A Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
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8
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Toulot S, Heinrich T, Leroux FR. Convenient and Reliable Routes Towards 2-Aminothiazoles: Palladium-CatalyzedversusCopper-Catalyzed Aminations of Halothiazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Fajkusova D, Pesko M, Keltosova S, Guo J, Oktabec Z, Vejsova M, Kollar P, Coffey A, Csollei J, Kralova K, Jampilek J. Anti-infective and herbicidal activity of N-substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:7059-68. [PMID: 23140987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of N-substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles was prepared according to a recently developed method. Twelve compounds were tested for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts. Primary in vitro screening of the discussed compounds was also performed against fungal, bacterial and mycobacterial species. The biological activities of some compounds were comparable or higher than the standards phenoxymethylpenicillin or pyrazinamide. The most effective compounds demonstrated insignificant toxicity against the human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cell line. For all compounds, the structure-activity relationships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Fajkusova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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1-Phenoxyalkyl-4-[(N,N-disubstitutedamino)alkyl]piperazine derivatives as non-imidazole histamine H3-antagonists. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of 4-azabenzoxazole analogues as H3 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:2075-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Amnerkar ND, Bhusari KP. Synthesis of some thiazolyl aminobenzothiazole derivatives as potential antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:22-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903555258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil D. Amnerkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sharad Pawar College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kishore P. Bhusari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sharad Pawar College of Pharmacy, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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13
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Synthesis of new thiazole-2, -4, and -5-yl-(amino)methylphosphonates and phosphinates: unprecedented cleavage of thiazole-2 derivatives under acidic conditions. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Kienle M, Wagner AJ, Dunst C, Knochel P. Preparation of Heterocyclic Amines by an Oxidative Amination of Zinc Organometallics Mediated by CuI: A New Oxidative Cycloamination for the Preparation of Annulated Indole Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2010; 6:517-23. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Guglielmo S, Bertinaria M, Rolando B, Crosetti M, Fruttero R, Yardley V, Croft SL, Gasco A. A new series of amodiaquine analogues modified in the basic side chain with in vitro antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:5071-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Kienle M, Dunst C, Knochel P. Oxidative Amination of Heteroaromatic Zinc Reagents Mediated by PhI(OAc)2. Org Lett 2009; 11:5158-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kienle
- Department Chemie & Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München (Germany)
| | - Cora Dunst
- Department Chemie & Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München (Germany)
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie & Biochemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, München (Germany)
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17
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Rao AU, Palani A, Chen X, Huang Y, Aslanian RG, West RE, Williams SM, Wu RL, Hwa J, Sondey C, Lachowicz J. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-(1,4'-bipiperidin-1'-yl)thiazolopyridine as H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6176-80. [PMID: 19773164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-(1,4'-bipiperidine-1'-yl)thiazolopyridines was synthesized and evaluated as a new lead of non-imidazole histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. Introduction of diversity at the 6-position of the pyridine ring was designed to enhance in vitro potency and decrease hERG activity. The structure-activity relationships for these new thiazolopyridine antagonists are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin U Rao
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, K-15-1-1800, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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18
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Brzezińska E, Kośka G. A structure–activity relationship study of compounds with antihistamine activity. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:1004-16. [PMID: 16506293 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of H(1)-, H(2)- and H(3)-antihistamine activity was carried out and chromatographic data of 2-[2-(phenylamino)thiazol-4-yl]ethanamine, 2-(2-benzyl-4-thiazolyl)ethanamine, 2-(2-benzhydrylthiazol4-yl)ethanamine, 2-(1-piperazinyl- and 2-(hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)benzothiazole, 2-(1-piperazinyl)benzothiazole, 2-[4-(1-alkyl)piperidinyl]benzothiazole, 2-(N,N',N'-dimethylalkyl-1,2-ethanediamino)benzothiazole, 2[1-(4-aminopiperidinyl)]benzothiazole, 2-[2-phenyl-4-thiazolyl]ethanamine derivatives and selected H(1)- and H(2)-antihistamine drugs were obtained. NP TLC and RP2 TLC plates (silica gel NP 60F(254) and silica gel RP2 60F(254) silanized precoated), impregnated with a solution of aspartic acid (L-Asp) and a solution of an analogue of aspartic acid (propionic acid), were used in two developing solvents as H(1)-, H(2)- and H(3)-antihistaminic interaction models. The lipophilicity data of the examined compounds were obtained and used in the SAR assay. Biochromatographic tests using TLC plates impregnated with solutions of asparic acid or propionic acid were found to be a source of useful data for the qualitative analysis of compounds with different structures, demonstrating activity to histamine H(1)-, H(2)- and H(3)-receptors. The four presented discriminant models based on biochromatographic studies are an efficient tool in the SAR analysis for initial prediction of compound activity direction within histamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Brzezińska
- Medical University of Łódź, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151 Łódź, Poland.
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19
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Walczyński K, Zuiderveld OP, Timmerman H. Non-imidazole histamine H3 ligands. Part III. New 4-n-propylpiperazines as non-imidazole histamine H3-antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:15-23. [PMID: 15642406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Revised: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In search for a new lead of non-imidazole histamine H3-receptor antagonists, a series of 1[(2-thiazolopyridine)-4-n-propyl]piperazines, the analogous 1-[(2-oxazolopyridine)-4-npropyl]piperazines, 1-[(2-benzothiazole)-4-n-propyl]piperazine and 1-[(2-benzooxazole)4-n-propyl]piperazine were prepared and in vitro tested as H3-receptor antagonists (the electrically evoked contraction of the guinea-pig jejunum). It appeared that by comparison of homologous pairs the thiazolo derivatives have slightly higher activity than their oxazolo analogues. The most potent compound of these series is the 1-(2-thiazolo[4,5-c]pyridine)-4-n-propylpiperazine (3c) with pA2 = 7.25 (its oxazole analogue (4g) showed pA2 = 6.9). The structure-activity relationships for compounds with various positions of the nitrogen in the benzene ring for the thiazoles compared with oxazoles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Walczyński
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University Muszyńskiego, Muszyńskiego Street 1, 90-145 Łódź, Poland.
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Barbier AJ, Berridge C, Dugovic C, Laposky AD, Wilson SJ, Boggs J, Aluisio L, Lord B, Mazur C, Pudiak CM, Langlois X, Xiao W, Apodaca R, Carruthers NI, Lovenberg TW. Acute wake-promoting actions of JNJ-5207852, a novel, diamine-based H3 antagonist. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143:649-61. [PMID: 15466448 PMCID: PMC1575430 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2004] [Revised: 07/13/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1 1-[4-(3-piperidin-1-yl-propoxy)-benzyl]-piperidine (JNJ-5207852) is a novel, non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonist, with high affinity at the rat (pKi=8.9) and human (pKi=9.24) H3 receptor. JNJ-5207852 is selective for the H3 receptor, with negligible binding to other receptors, transporters and ion channels at 1 microm. 2 JNJ-5207852 readily penetrates the brain tissue after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration, as determined by ex vivo autoradiography (ED50 of 0.13 mg kg(-1) in mice). In vitro autoradiography with 3H-JNJ-5207852 in mouse brain slices shows a binding pattern identical to that of 3H-R-alpha-methylhistamine, with high specific binding in the cortex, striatum and hypothalamus. No specific binding of 3H-JNJ-5207852 was observed in brains of H3 receptor knockout mice. 3 In mice and rats, JNJ-5207852 (1-10 mg kg(-1) s.c.) increases time spent awake and decreases REM sleep and slow-wave sleep, but fails to have an effect on wakefulness or sleep in H3 receptor knockout mice. No rebound hypersomnolence, as measured by slow-wave delta power, is observed. The wake-promoting effects of this H3 receptor antagonist are not associated with hypermotility. 4 A 4-week daily treatment of mice with JNJ-5207852 (10 mg kg(-1) i.p.) did not lead to a change in body weight, possibly due to the compound being a neutral antagonist at the H3 receptor. 5 JNJ-5207852 is extensively absorbed after oral administration and reaches high brain levels. 6 The data indicate that JNJ-5207852 is a novel, potent and selective H3 antagonist with good in vitro and in vivo efficacy, and confirm the wake-promoting effects of H3 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barbier
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - C Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, WI, U.S.A
| | - C Dugovic
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A
| | - A D Laposky
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A
| | - S J Wilson
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - J Boggs
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - L Aluisio
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - B Lord
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - C Mazur
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - C M Pudiak
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - X Langlois
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Beerse, Belgium
| | - W Xiao
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - R Apodaca
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - N I Carruthers
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
| | - T W Lovenberg
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, U.S.A
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21
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Brzezińska E, Kośka G. TLC data in QSAR assay of thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives with H1-antihistamine activity. Part 2. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.17.2004.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Brzezińska E, Kośka G. TLC data in QSAR assay of thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives with H1-antihistamine activity. Part 1. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2003. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.16.2003.6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Synthesis of 2-substituted-benzothiazoles by palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of o-bromophenylthioureas and o-bromophenylthioamides. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Brzezińsk E, Kośka G, Kłimczak A. Application of thin-layer chromatographic data in quantitative structure-activity relationship assay of thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives with H1-antihistamine activity. II. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1007:157-64. [PMID: 12924561 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of H1-antihistamine activity was carried out and chromatographic data of 2-[2-(phenylamino)thiazol-4-yl]ethanamine, 2-(2-benzyl-4-thiazolyl)ethanamine, 2-(2-benzhydrylthiazol-4-yl)ethylamine derivative, and 2-(1-piperazinyl- and 2-(hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)benzothiazole derivatives were obtained. Normal-phase (NP) TLC plates (silica gel 60F254), impregnated with solutions of selected amino acid mixtures (L-Asp, L-Asn, L-Thr and L-Lys) were used in two developing solvents as human histamine H1-receptor (hH1R) antagonistic interaction models. The lipophilicity data of the examined compounds were obtained and used in the QSAR assay. Using regression analysis, relationships between chromatographic and biological activity data were found. The correlations obtained in the present experiment with NP-TLC are more significant that those obtained in the experiment with RP2 TLC, because of the optimal fitting of the chromatographic system conditions to the lipophilicity of solutes. All proposed chromatographic models should facilitate pre-selection of the new drug candidates. The correlations of calculated pA2(H1) values of the tested compounds predicted by the use of the best equations versus their pA2(H1) obtained from the biological tests were significant (R2 = 0.91-0.94).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Brzezińsk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lódź, Ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
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Brzezińska E, Kośka G, Walczyński K. Application of thin-layer chromatographic data in quantitative structure-activity relationship assay of thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives with H1-antihistamine activity. I. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1007:145-55. [PMID: 12924560 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of H1-antihistamine activity and chromatographic data of 2-[2-(phenylamino)thiazol-4-yl]ethanamine; 2-(2-benzyl-4-thiazolyl)ethanamine; 2-(2-benzhydrylthiazol-4-yl)ethylamine derivative; 2-(1-piperazinyl- and 2-(hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)benzothiazole derivatives was made. The RP2 thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates (silica gel RP2 60F254 silanised precoated), impregnated with solutions of selected amino acid mixtures (L-Asp, L-Asn, L-Thr and L-Lys), were used in two developing solvents as hH1R antagonistic interaction models. Using regression analysis, the relationships between chromatographic and biological activity data were found. The correlations obtained in regression analysis for the examined thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives with H1-antihistamine activity [pA2(H1)] represent their interaction with all the proposed biochromatographic models (S1-S7). Some of the calculated equations can be applied to predict the pharmacological activity of new drug candidates. The best multivariate relationships useful in predicting the pharmacological activity of thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives were obtained under the condition of experiment with RP2 TLC plates using the developing solvent acetonitrile-methanol-buffer (40:40:20, v/v). The log P values of particular compounds are extremely important for this kind of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Brzezińska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lódź, Poland.
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Aslanian R, Mutahi MW, Shih NY, Piwinski JJ, West R, Williams SM, She S, Wu RL, Hey JA. Identification of a dual histamine H1/H3 receptor ligand based on the H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:1959-61. [PMID: 12781173 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Combining the first generation H(1) antihistamine chlorpheniramine (1) with H(3) ligands of the alkylamine type has led to the identification of compound 9d, a dual ligand of both the H(1) and H(3) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Aslanian
- The Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Esbenshade TA, Krueger KM, Miller TR, Kang CH, Denny LI, Witte DG, Yao BB, Fox GB, Faghih R, Bennani YL, Williams M, Hancock AA. Two novel and selective nonimidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists A-304121 and A-317920: I. In vitro pharmacological effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 305:887-96. [PMID: 12606603 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.047183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists enhance neurotransmitter release and are being developed for the treatment of a variety of neurological and cognitive disorders. Many potent histamine H3R antagonists contain an imidazole moiety that limits receptor selectivity and the tolerability of this class of compounds. Here we present the in vitro pharmacological data for two novel piperazine amide ligands, A-304121 [4-(3-((2R)-2-aminopropanoyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)phenyl)cyclopropylmethanone] and A-317920 [N-((1R)-2-(4-(3-(4-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)phenoxy)propyl)-1-piperazinyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-ethyl-)-2-furamide], and compare them with the imidazole H3R antagonists ciproxifan, clobenpropit, and thioperamide. Both A-304121 and A-317920 bind potently to recombinant full-length rat H3R(pKi values = 8.6 and 9.2, respectively) but have lower potencies for binding the full-length human H3R (pKi values = 6.1 and 7.0, respectively). A-304121 and A-317920 are potent antagonists at rat H3R in reversing R-alpha-methylhistamine [(R)-alpha-MeHA] inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation (pKb values = 8.0 and 9.1) but weak antagonists at human H3Rs in cyclase (pKb values = 6.0 and 6.3) and calcium mobilization (pKb values = 6.0 and 7.3) assays in cells co-expressing Galphaqi5-protein. Both compounds potently antagonize native H3Rs by blocking histamine inhibition of potassium-evoked [3H]histamine release from rat brain cortical synaptosomes (pKb values = 8.6 and 9.3) and (R)-alpha-MeHA reversal of electric field-stimulated guinea pig ileum contractions (pA2 values = 7.1 and 8.3). A-304121 and A-317920 are also more efficacious inverse agonists in reversing basal guanosine 5'-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate ([35S]GTP gamma S) binding at the human H3R (pEC50 values = 5.7 and 7.0) than are the imidazole antagonists. These novel and selective piperazine amides represent useful leads for the development of H3R antagonist therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Esbenshade
- Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research Division, Abbott Laboratories, R4MN, AP9A, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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28
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Shah C, McAtee L, Breitenbucher JG, Rudolph D, Li X, Lovenberg TW, Mazur C, Wilson SJ, Carruthers NI. Novel human histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3309-12. [PMID: 12392739 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High throughput screening, using the recombinant human H(3) receptor, was used to identify novel histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. Evaluation of the lead compounds ultimately afforded potent, selective, orally bioavailable compounds (e.g., 38) with favorable blood-brain barrier penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shah
- Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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29
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Meier G, Ligneau X, Pertz HH, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Piperidino-hydrocarbon compounds as novel non-imidazole histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2535-42. [PMID: 12057642 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In search for novel non-imidazole histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists, piperidino-hydrocarbon compounds were synthesized using the known non-imidazole histamine H(3)-receptor antagonist FUB 637 (3-phenylpropyl 3-piperidinopropyl ether) as lead structure. Piperidino-alkyl derivatives containing highly flexible side chains (2, 4-7) were prepared via N-alkylation. Compounds containing unsaturated alkyl groups were synthesized in order to investigate the impact of rigidifying the side chain (8-16). Terminal alkynes were prepared by alkylation of lithium acetylide-ethylenediamine complex, disubstituted alkynes were synthesized by alkylation of the appropriate acetylene in the presence of n-butyllithium-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylene-ethylene-diamine complex. The novel compounds were investigated in an in vitro functional assay on the guinea-pig ileum, in which N-(7-phenylhept-3-ynyl)piperidine (14) proved to be of good potency in this class (pA(2)=7.21). In an in vivo assay the compounds were additionally screened for their abilities to influence central H(3)-histaminergic neuron activity in mice with regard to their oral availabilities and distribution properties. In this screening, N-pent-4-ynylpiperidine (9) and N-hex-5-ynylpiperidine (10) proved to be highly potent and orally available histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists. The ED(50) values for 9 and 10 were 1.3 and 1.4mg/kg po, respectively, which is in the potency range of the reference antagonist thioperamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Meier
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Stark H, Arrang JM, Ligneau X, Garbarg M, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W. The histamine H3 receptor and its ligands. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 38:279-308. [PMID: 11774797 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Stark
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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31
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Meier G, Apelt J, Reichert U, Grassmann S, Ligneau X, Elz S, Leurquin F, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Influence of imidazole replacement in different structural classes of histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001; 13:249-59. [PMID: 11384847 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(01)00106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reference compounds for histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists carry as a common feature an imidazole moiety substituted in the 4-position. Very recently novel ligands lacking an imidazole ring have been described possessing a N-containing non-aromatic heterocycle instead. In this study we investigated whether imidazole replacement, favourably by a piperidine moiety, is generally applicable to different structural classes of reference compounds, e.g., thioperamide, carboperamide, clobenpropit, FUB 181, ciproxifan, etc. While replacement led to a loss of affinity for many of the compounds, it was successfully applied to some ether derivatives. The piperidine analogues of FUB 181 and ciproxifan, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl 3-piperidinopropyl ether hydrogen oxalate (6) and cyclopropyl 4-(3-piperidinopropyloxy)phenyl methanone hydrogen maleate (7), almost maintained in vitro affinities, pK(i) values of 7.8 and 8.4, respectively, and showed high potency in vivo after p.o. administration (ED(50) values of 1.6 and 0.18 mg/kg, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meier
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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