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Ghanbari M, Amini MR, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. The effects of chromium supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:340-349. [PMID: 34302131 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Results of studies on the effect of chromium supplementation on blood pressure (BP) are contradictory. The purpose of the current study was to carry out a meta-analysis on the effects of chromium supplementation on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases from inception up to July 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluate the impacts of chromium on SBP and DBP. A random-effects model was used to compute weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was determined by I2 statistics and the Cochrane Q test. Sensitivity analysis was performed by eliminating each study one by one and recalculating the pooled effect. Ten studies comprising a total of 624 subjects were included in our meta-analysis. Chromium supplementation did not significantly change SBP (WMD: -0.642: 95% CI: (-2.15, 1.30) mmHg; p = 0.312; I2 = 12.7%) and DBP (WMD: -0.10; 95% CI: (-1.39, 1.18) mmHg; p = 0.070; I2 = 37.6%). Subgroup analysis based on dose and duration of chromium supplementation also did not significantly change the mean of SBP and DBP. The present meta-analysis of RCTs did not show the beneficial effects of chromium supplementation on BP in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Ghanbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Mandal M, Misra D, Ghosh NN, Mandal V. Physicochemical and elemental studies of Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. for standardization as herbal drug. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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5
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Uddin KM, Poirier RA, Henry DJ. Mechanistic study of the aquation of nutritional supplement chromium chloride and other chromium(III) dihalides. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Pham THN, Aitken JB, Levina A, Lay PA. Solid-State Structural Studies of Chromium(III) Nicotinato Nutritional Supplements. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10685-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501818w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. H. Nguyen Pham
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jade B. Aitken
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Aviva Levina
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A. Lay
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Rajhi AY, Ju YH, Angkawijaya AE, Fazary AE. Complex Formation Equilibria and Molecular Structure of Divalent Metal Ions–Vitamin B3–Glycine Oligopeptides Systems. J SOLUTION CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-013-0116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Shen L, Liu J, Xu Y. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Cadmium Complex with Isonicotinate. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970211875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shen
- a Department of Chemistry , Hangzhou Teachers College , 310012 , P.R. China
| | - Jiageng Liu
- a Department of Chemistry , Hangzhou Teachers College , 310012 , P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xu
- a Department of Chemistry , Hangzhou Teachers College , 310012 , P.R. China
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Deshmukh N, Bagchi M, Lau F, Bagchi D. Safety of a novel oxygen-coordinated niacin-bound chromium(III) complex (NBC): I. Two-generation reproduction toxicity study. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:1748-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Deshmukh N, Bagchi M, Lau F, Bagchi D. Safety of an oxygen-coordinated niacin-bound chromium(III) complex (NBC): II. Developmental toxicity study in rats. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:1755-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rhodes NR, Konovalova T, Liang Q, Cassady CJ, Vincent JB. Mass spectrometric and spectroscopic studies of the nutritional supplement chromium(III) nicotinate. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 130:114-30. [PMID: 19159083 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite chromium nicotinate's popular use as a chromium nutritional supplement, the structure and composition of chromium nicotinate have only been poorly described. As solid chromium nicotinate is intractable, being insoluble or unstable in common solvents, studies on the solid have been limited, and studies of the solution from which the "compound" precipitates have additionally provided little additional data. The results of mass spectrometric and spectroscopic investigations designed to further elucidate the structure and composition of chromium nicotinate are described. The results demonstrated that the three common methods for producing "chromium nicotinate" all yield different compounds, all of which are polymers of Cr(III), oxygen-bound nicotinate, hydroxide, and water. Implications for interpreting results of nutritional studies of "chromium nicotinate" are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Rhodes
- Department of Chemistry and Coalition for Biomolecular Products, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
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Crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of trans-bis(nicotinato)(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)chromium(III) perchlorate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shara M, Kincaid AE, Limpach AL, Sandstrom R, Barrett L, Norton N, Bramble JD, Yasmin T, Tran J, Chatterjee A, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. Long-term safety evaluation of a novel oxygen-coordinated niacin-bound chromium (III) complex. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:1059-69. [PMID: 17555823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromium (III) is an essential micronutrient required for normal protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as helps insulin metabolize fat, turn protein into muscle and convert sugar into energy. A broad spectrum of research investigations including in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of novel oxygen- coordinated niacin-bound chromium (III) complex (NBC) in promoting glucose-insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, cardioprotective ability and lean body mass. This study examined the long-term safety of NBC by orally administering either 0 or 25 ppm or the human equivalency dose of 1000 microg elemental chromium (III) as NBC per day for 52 consecutive weeks to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals of each group and each gender were sacrificed on 26, 39, or 52 weeks of treatment. Body weight, physical and ocular health, feed and water intake, selected organ weights as such and as a percentage of liver and brain weight, hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, hematology and clinical chemistry, and histopathological evaluations were conducted. At 26, 39, or 52 weeks of treatment, body weight gain was significantly reduced by 7.7%, 8.1% and 14.9% in male rats, and 5.5%, 11.4% and 9.6% in female rats, respectively, in the NBC treatment groups. No significant changes were observed in hepatic lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, hematology and clinical chemistry, and histopathological evaluation between control and NBC groups at these time points. These findings, thus far, are in agreement with the subchronic studies in terms of the safety of NBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shara
- Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Xu D, Xie A, Xu Y, Nishikawa K, Yasuoka N. THE POLYMERIC COMPLEX 1, 10-PHENANTHROLINE-N, N'-(μ-NICOTINATO-N, O)DIAQUACOPPER(II) NITRATE DIHYDRATE. J COORD CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00958979808022661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duanjun Xu
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Xie
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Xu
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Kazuyoshi Nishikawa
- b Department of Life Sciences , Himeji Institute of Technology , Hyogo, Japan
| | - Noritake Yasuoka
- b Department of Life Sciences , Himeji Institute of Technology , Hyogo, Japan
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Thirunavukkarasu M, Penumathsa SV, Juhasz B, Zhan L, Cordis G, Altaf E, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Maulik N. Niacin-bound chromium enhances myocardial protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H820-6. [PMID: 16840737 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00134.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel niacin-bound, chromium-based energy formula (EF; InterHealth Nutraceuticals, Benicia, CA) has been developed in conjunction with D-ribose, caffeine, ashwagandha extract (containing 5% withanolides), and selected amino acids. We have assessed the efficacy of oral administration of EF (40 mg x kg body wt(-1) x day(-1)) in male and female rats over a period of 90 consecutive days on the cardiovascular and pathophysiological functions in an isolated rat heart model. After 30, 60, and 90 days of treatment with EF, the hearts of male and female rats were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion and were measured for myocardial ATP, creatine phosphate (CP), phosphorylated AMP kinase (p-AMPK), and heat shock proteins. Myocardial ATP and CP levels were increased in both male and female rats after EF treatment compared with the controls. Western blot analyses were performed to quantify the expression of stress-related proteins such as heat shock proteins (HSP-70, -32, and -25) and are found to be increased in both male and female rats after EF treatment. The p-AMPK level, which is a sensor for the energy state in various cell types, was also found to be increased after treatment with EF in both male and female rats. Aortic flow, maximum first derivative of developed pressure, left ventricular developed pressure, and infarct size were observed after ischemia-reperfusion and found to be significantly improved in EF-treated rats compared with control animals. Thus EF demonstrated long-term safety as well as exhibiting significant cardioprotective ability during ischemia and reperfusion injury by increased energy production, improved cardiac function, and reduced infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA
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Stallings DM, Hepburn DDD, Hannah M, Vincent JB, O'Donnell J. Nutritional supplement chromium picolinate generates chromosomal aberrations and impedes progeny development in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat Res 2006; 610:101-13. [PMID: 16887379 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2006.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chromium picolinate, [Cr(pic)(3)], is a popular nutritional supplement found in a variety of consumer products. Despite its popularity, safety concerns over its use have arisen. The supplement has been shown to generate clastogenic damage, mitochondrial damage, oxidative damage, and mutagenic effects in cultured cells and oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in rats. Recently [Cr(pic)(3)] has been demonstrated to generate heritable genetic change and delays in progeny development in Drosophila melanogaster. Based on the damage to chromosomes of cultured cells and of animal models, similar chromosome damage appeared to be a likely source of the mutagenic effects of the supplement in Drosophila. The current three-part study examines the effects of several chromium-containing supplements and their components on hatching and eclosion rates and success of development of first generation progeny of adult Drosophila fed food containing these compounds. It further examines the effects of the compounds on longevity of virgin male and female adults. Finally, the chromosomes in the salivary glands of Drosophila late in the third instar larval stage, which were the progeny of Drosophila whose diets were supplemented with nutritional levels of [Cr(pic)(3)], are shown to contain on average over one chromosomal aberration per two identifiable chromosomal arms. No aberrations were observed in chromosomes of progeny of untreated flies. The results suggest that human consumption of the supplement should be a matter of concern and continued investigation to provide insight into the requirements of chromium-containing supplements to give rise to genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dontarie M Stallings
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
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Kalinowska M, Siemieniuk E, Kostro A, Lewandowski W. The application of Aj, BAC, I6, HOMA indexes for quantitative determination of aromaticity of metal complexes with benzoic, salicylic, nicotinic acids and benzene derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Shara M, Yasmin T, Kincaid AE, Limpach AL, Bartz J, Brenneman KA, Chatterjee A, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ, Bagchi D. Safety and toxicological evaluation of a novel niacin-bound chromium (III) complex. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:2161-83. [PMID: 16169591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2005] [Revised: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chromium is an essential trace element required for normal protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. It also helps in energy production and increasing lean body mass. Niacin-bound chromium (NBC) is a unique form of bioavailable chromium that promotes healthy lipid profile. This study was focused on determining the broad spectrum safety of NBC. Acute oral, acute dermal, primary dermal irritation and primary eye irritation toxicities of NBC were evaluated. Ames bacterial reverse mutation assay, mouse lymphoma test and a dose-dependent 90-day subchronic toxicity were also conducted. In safety studies, the acute oral LD(50) of NBC was found to be greater then 5000 mg/kg in both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. No changes in body weight or adverse effects were observed following necropsy. The acute dermal LD(50) of NBC was found to be >2000 mg/kg. The primary skin irritation test was conducted with NBC on New Zealand Albino rabbits. NBC was classified as slightly irritating. The primary eye irritation test was conducted with NBC on rabbits. NBC was classified as practically non-irritating to the eye. NBC did not induce mutagenic effects in the bacterial reverse mutation test in five Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA1535, TA98, TA100, TA97a and TA102), either with or without metabolic activation. Similarly, NBC did not induce mutagenic effects in the mammalian cell gene mutation test in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells TK (+/-), either with or without metabolic activation. A dose-dependent 90-day subchronic toxicity study demonstrated no significant changes in selected organ weights individually and as percentages of body and brain weights. NBC supplementation did not cause changes in hepatic lipid peroxidation or DNA fragmentation after 30, 60 or 90 days of treatment. Hematology, clinical chemistry and histopathological evaluations did not show any adverse effects in all organs tested. Taken together, the above results indicate a broad spectrum of safety for NBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shara
- Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Szabłowicz M, Kita E. New chromium(III)–nicotinate complexes. Kinetics and mechanism of nicotinate ligand liberation in acidic media. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-005-4588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Despite forty years of research on the potential role of chromium in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, significant progress has only recently been made regarding the mode of action of chromium at a molecular level. The oligopeptide low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMWCr) may function as part of a novel insulin-signaling autoamplification mechanism. The proposed mechanism of action also sheds some light on the potential of chromium-containing compounds as nutritional supplements or in the treatment of adult-onset diabetes and other conditions. The potential relationship between the results of recent studies on diabetic patients and the proposed mode of action of LMWCr are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Vincent
- Department of Chemistry and Coalition for Biomolecular Products, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487-0336, USA
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Galuszka G, Cieslak-Golonka M, Szelag A, Starosta J, Wojciechowska A. Synthetic models for the glucose tolerance factor: the spectroscopic characterization and toxicity studies of monomeric and dimeric Cr(III) species. Polyhedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(98)00187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kingry KF, Royer AC, Vincent JB. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of chromium(III) pyridinecarboxylate complexes. J Inorg Biochem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(98)10067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Characterization and structure by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, and molecular modeling of chromium(III) picolinate and nicotinate complexes utilized for nutritional supplementation. J Inorg Biochem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(96)00192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Xu D, Xie A, Xu Y, Zhang C, Chen W. THE POLYMERIC COPPER(II) COMPLEX, 2,2′-BIPYRIDINE-N,N′-(μ-NICOTINATO-O, O′:N) MONOAQUACOPPER (II) NITRATE DIHYDRATE. J COORD CHEM 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/00958979608024335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wilson BE, Gondy A. Effects of chromium supplementation on fasting insulin levels and lipid parameters in healthy, non-obese young subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995; 28:179-84. [PMID: 8529496 DOI: 10.1016/0168-8227(95)01097-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Trivalent chromium is an essential trace element for normal carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Because of this biological activity, chromium supplementation has been studied as a potential therapy of insulin resistant states and dyslipidemias, and has been promoted as a health aid to the general population. To determine if there is a risk of subclinical chromium deficiency in young, otherwise healthy adults, we evaluated the effect of chromium supplementation, versus placebo, on insulin levels and serum lipids in a double-blind, randomized trial in 26 young adults (mean age 36 years). Fasting levels of glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and lipids (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides) were measured before and after 90 days of daily supplementation with a chromium (III)-nicotinate preparation, containing 220 micrograms elemental chromium, or placebo. There were no statistically significant differences in the percentage change of fasting glucose, IRI or lipids between the chromium (n = 15) and placebo (n = 11) groups after 90 days of supplementation. However, those individuals within the chromium group with initial fasting IRI levels greater than 35 pmol/l had a significant decrease in IRI level after supplementation (P < 0.03) despite no significant changes in serum lipids. These subjects may benefit from chromium supplementation by improving insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Wilson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas 89102, USA
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Characterization of the isocyanurate complexes [M(cyan-N)- (H2O)5](cyan-N)·2H2O (M = Ni, Co, Mn) compounds that form molecular ribbons in the solid state. Inorganica Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1693(94)04238-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Evans GW, Pouchnik DJ. Composition and biological activity of chromium-pyridine carboxylate complexes. J Inorg Biochem 1993; 49:177-87. [PMID: 8433089 DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(93)80003-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Coordination complexes of chromium (Cr) and two pyridine carboxylate isomers, nicotinate (nic) and picolinate (pic) were synthesized and analyzed. Cr mono and dinicotinate complexes were formed with 1:1 and 1:2 ratios of Cr3+ and nic at pH 7.5. Cr dinicotinate was the only complex formed from a 1:3 ratio of Cr3+ and nic. Mono, di, and tri picolinate complexes were formed with 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios of Cr3+ and pic at pH 7.5. Cr is coordinated with nic through the carboxyl carbon while Cr is coordinated with pic through both the pyridine nitrogen and the carboxyl carbon. Cr dinicotinate enhanced insulin activity in isolated adipose tissue. None of the other complexes were active in this assay system. In contrast, Cr tripicolinate, which is lipophilic, increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cultures but none of the other complexes were effective. In addition, dietary supplements of Cr tripicolinate increased rate of lean body mass development in humans and decreased hemoglobin glycation in aging rats. None of the other complexes was effective in these in vivo assays. The results of this investigation prove that the chemical properties of Cr nic and Cr pic complexes differ markedly. The chemical differences result in a vast difference in the biological action of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Bemidji State University, Minnesota 56601-2699
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Evans GW, Bowman TD. Chromium picolinate increases membrane fluidity and rate of insulin internalization. J Inorg Biochem 1992; 46:243-50. [PMID: 1402875 DOI: 10.1016/0162-0134(92)80034-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of chromium chloride, chromium nicotinate, and chromium picolinate on insulin internalization in cultured rat skeletal muscle cells was examined. Insulin internalization was markedly increased in cells cultured in a medium that contained chromium picolinate and the increased internalization rate was accompanied by a marked increase in the uptake of both glucose and leucine. The effect was specific for chromium picolinate since neither zinc picolinate nor any of the other forms of chromium tested was effective. The increased insulin internalization rate may result from an increase in membrane fluidity since chromium picolinate and to a lesser extent, chromium nicotinate, increased the membrane fluidity of synthetic liposomal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Bemidji State University, MN 56601-2699
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Solution studies of some chromium(III) complexes with CrS bonds2. Kinetic and equilibrium studies of cysteinato- and penicillaminato-chromate(III) complexes. Polyhedron 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)83725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Cotton FA, Falvello LR, Ohlhausen EL, Murillo CA, Quesada JF. Solid solutions of a Jahn-Teller compound in an undistorted host. 2. High-Spin, Six-Coordinate Cr2+ without Jahn-Teller Distortion. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19915980106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Solution equilibria and stability of the complexes of pyridinecarboxylic acids: Complexation reaction of mercury(II) with 2-hydroxynicotinic acid. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00809803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vicens M, Fiol J, Terron A, Moreno V. Ternary chromium(III)-nucleotide-amino acid complexes III. L-Glutamic acid derivatives. Inorganica Chim Acta 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)83412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Felcman J, Bragança ML. Chromium in plants. Comparison between the concentration of chromium in Brazilian nonhypo and hypoglycemic plants. Biol Trace Elem Res 1988; 17:11-6. [PMID: 2484351 DOI: 10.1007/bf02795443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is an essential trace element and is associated with some biological pathways, especially with glucose tolerance. For these reasons, we decided to determine the concentration of chromium in two sets of Brazilian medicinal plants. The first group consisted of plants that are considered as antidiabetic, whereas the second included plants that do not have this therapeutic property. The concentration of chromium was determined by flameless atomic absorption. All the plants analyzed contain chromium in the normal range for this element, but the hypoglycemic plants contain more chromium than the others (1-4 micrograms/g compared to 0.5-1.5 micrograms/g).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Felcman
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Department of Chemistry, Brazil
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Puryear B, Abelt C, Djordjevic C. Synthesis and properties of μ-oxo-bis(oxo-peroxo-6-(1-hydroxyalkyl)nicotinicacidvanadium(V) complexes. C-6 alkyl substitution of nicotinic acid in aqueous peroxo vanadium(V) solutions. Inorganica Chim Acta 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)90562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Calafat A, Mulet D, Fiol J, Terron A, Moreno V. Chromium(III) interactions with nucleotides. III. Inorganica Chim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)81191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Campomar J, Fiol J, Terron A, Moreno V. Chromium(III) interactions with nucleotides. II. Inorganica Chim Acta 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)86029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cooper JA, Haylock SJ, Blackwell LF, Buckley PD. An investigation by ion-exchange chromatography of a chromium, amino acid and nicotinic acid mixture. Inorganica Chim Acta 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)82273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cooper JA, Blackwell LF, Buckley PD. Chromium(III) complexes and their relationship to the glucose tolerance factor. Part II. Structure and biological activity of amino acid complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)80060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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