1
|
Tian X, Li Y, Xu H, Pang Y, Zhang J, Pei H. Fe 2+ activating sodium percarbonate (SPC) to enhance removal of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystins with pre-oxidation and in situ coagulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125206. [PMID: 33516101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms has become a concern for drinking water safety. Common pre-oxidation, which was widely considered to enhance the followed coagulation, can cause the rupture of algae cell, leading to the undesirable release of intracellular organic matter. In this study, the Fe2+ activating sodium percarbonate (SPC/Fe2+) process for pre-oxidation and in situ coagulation was proved to effectively remove Microcystis aeruginosa without damaging cell integrity at optimal combined doses of SPC (0.2 mM) and Fe2+ (0.2 mM). Moreover, the SPC/Fe2+ process can not only control the release of MCs, but also reduce extracellular MCs from 5.22 μg/L to 1.50 μg/L, due to their moderate oxidation. Meanwhile, the SPC/Fe2+ treatment produces low levels of residual Fe after settling. During sludge ageing, owing to oxidation damage on cells arising from the SPC/Fe2+ treatment, cells continually suffered severe damage and lysed on day 4, leading to large release of intracellular organic matter and MCs, correspondingly. As a result, it is worth noting that the M. aeruginosa cells in stored sludge should be treated or disposed of early. These findings support the development of a green and cost-effective technology to handle cyanobacteria-containing water based on SPC/Fe2+ for ensuring water quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yiming Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui H, Huang X, Yu Z, Chen P, Cao X. Application progress of enhanced coagulation in water treatment. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20231-20244. [PMID: 35520422 PMCID: PMC9059168 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02979c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Water industries worldwide consider coagulation/flocculation to be one of the major treatment methods for improving the overall efficiency and cost effectiveness of water and wastewater treatment. Enhancing the coagulation process is currently a popular research topic. In this review article, the latest developments in enhanced coagulation are summarized. In addition, the mechanisms of enhanced coagulation and the effect of process parameters on processing efficiency are discussed from the perspective of ballast-enhanced coagulation, preoxidation, ultrasound, and composite coagulants. Finally, improvements and new directions for enhanced coagulation are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Cui
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Petroleum University China
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Projective Engineering of Heilongjiang Province Daqing 163318 China
| | - Xing Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Petroleum University China
| | - Zhongchen Yu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Petroleum University China
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Projective Engineering of Heilongjiang Province Daqing 163318 China
| | - Ping Chen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Petroleum University China
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Projective Engineering of Heilongjiang Province Daqing 163318 China
| | - Xiaoling Cao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Petroleum University China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Johansson C, Bataillard P, Biache C, Lorgeoux C, Colombano S, Joubert A, Pigot T, Faure P. Ferrate VI oxidation of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs and polar PACs) on DNAPL-spiked sand: degradation efficiency and oxygenated by-product formation compared to conventional oxidants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:704-716. [PMID: 31808080 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In situ chemical oxidations are known to remediate PAH contaminations in groundwater and soils. In this study, batch-scale oxidations aim to compare the PAC (polycyclic aromatic compound) degradation of three oxidation processes traditionally applied for soil treatment: permanganate, heat-activated persulfate (60 °C) and Fenton-like activated by magnetite, to results obtained with ferrates (FeVI). Widely studied for water treatments, ferrates are efficient on a wide range of pollutants with the advantage of producing nontoxic ferric sludge after reaction. However, fewer works focus on their action on soil, especially on semi-industrial grade ferrates (compatible with field application). Oxidations were carried out on sand spiked with dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) sampled in the groundwater of a former coking plant. Conventional 16 US-EPA PAHs and polar PACs were monitored, especially potential oxygenated by-products that can be more harmful than parent-PAHs. After seven reaction days, only the Fenton-like showed limited degradation. Highest efficiencies were obtained for heat-activated persulfate with no O-PAC ketones formed. Permanganate gave important degradation, but ketones were generated in large amount. The tested ferrates not only gave slightly lower yields due to their auto-decomposition but also induced O-PAC ketone production, suggesting a reactional pathway dominated by oxidoreductive electron transfer, rather than a radical one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Johansson
- CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 45060, Orléans, France
- CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources, Université de Lorraine, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- SERPOL, 2 chemin du Génie, BP 80, 69633, Vénissieux, France
| | | | - Coralie Biache
- CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Lorgeoux
- CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources, Université de Lorraine, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stéfan Colombano
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 45060, Orléans, France
| | | | - Thierry Pigot
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM UMR CNRS 5254), Université de Pau & Pays Adour, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Pierre Faure
- CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan C, Zhu L, Dong J, Gu D, Jiang H, Wang B. Structural modification of isomorphous SO 4 2--doped K 2FeO 4 for remediating the stability and enhancing the discharge of super-iron battery. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:180919. [PMID: 30800350 PMCID: PMC6366229 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the paper, the isomorphous S O 4 2 - doped K2FeO4, aimed at the remediation of the discharge and stability of the super-iron battery, was first synthesized for doping and reforming the K2FeO4 crystalline structure via a facile co-precipitation and mechanochemistry. Afterwards, the compared cathodes were assembled by the undoped and doped K2FeO4 for an evaluation of the discharge and stability in the AAA super-iron battery system. The results show that the small amounts of K2SO4 were doped into the K2FeO4 in the calculated form of K2Fe1-xSxO4 by the isomorphous substitution. The doped K2FeO4 cathodes/batteries exhibited an excellent discharge with a normal discharge profile. The cathodes doped by two techniques had significantly enhanced the discharge capacity of the super-iron battery with an increase of 10-30% compared to the undoped K2FeO4. Moreover, the stability of the K2FeO4 cathodes was obviously remediated by the isomorphous S O 4 2 - doping. The shelf time of the doped K2FeO4 cathodes was prolonged by an increase of about 10% in comparison of the undoped K2FeO4 cathode. The desirable enhancements could be attributed to doping and reforming the similar building block and isomorphous S O 4 2 - into the Fe O 4 2 - tetrahedral and crystalline in the form of the isomorphous substitution and filling vacancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Baohui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, No. 199 Fazhan Road, High-tech Development Zone, Daqing 163318, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan J, Lin BH, Chang CW, Zhang Y, Lin TF. Evaluation of potassium ferrate as an alternative disinfectant on cyanobacteria inactivation and associated toxin fate in various waters. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 129:199-207. [PMID: 29149675 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) is an effective oxidant that may be used as a pre- or post-oxidant in the purification of source water with cyanobacterial issues. To provide a better basis for the application of this oxidant during water treatment processes, the impacts of K2FeO4 on the cell viability of Microcystis aeruginosa and the fate of associated microcystins (MCs) were investigated in various water matrices. The results showed that a water matrix can significantly affect the effectiveness of K2FeO4 on cyanobacteria inactivation. 10 mg L-1 K2FeO4 induced significant cell lysis of M. aeruginosa in Ran Yi Tan Reservoir (RYTR) water while the membrane integrity was relatively unaffected in ASM-1 media and Cheng Kung Lake (CKL) water. The reduced efficiency of K2FeO4 oxidation may be attributed to the manganese (Mn2+) and organic matter (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA) in the ASM-1 media and high concentrations of natural organic matters (NOMs) in the CKL water. A delayed Chick-Watson model was applied to simulate the experimental data for cyanobacterial cell rupture, and the cell lysis rates of the M. aeruginosa samples were determined to be 128-242 M-1 s-1 (mol L-1 s-1). Generally, no significant increases in extracellular MCs were observed in the three different waters, even in the RYTR water where the membrane integrity of the cyanobacterial cells was severely disrupted. Therefore, K2FeO4 could be a potential pre-oxidant to enhance subsequent treatments for cyanobacteria removal without affecting the cell integrity, or could serve as a post-oxidant to inactivate cyanobacterial cells and degrade MCs effectively, depending on the specific water matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Fan
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo-Hung Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Che-Wei Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsair-Fuh Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rai PK, Lee J, Kailasa SK, Kwon EE, Tsang YF, Ok YS, Kim KH. A critical review of ferrate(VI)-based remediation of soil and groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:420-448. [PMID: 29073572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, diverse chemicals and materials such as mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, and zeolites have been used for soil and groundwater remediation. Ferrate (FeVIO42-) has been widely employed due to its high-valent iron (VI) oxo compound with high oxidation/reduction potentials. Ferrate has received attention for wide environmental applications including water purification and sewage sludge treatment. Ferrate provides great potential for diverse environmental applications without any environmental problems. Therefore, this paper provides comprehensive information on the recent progress on the use of (FeVIO42-) as a green material for use in sustainable treatment processes, especially for soil and water remediation. We reviewed diverse synthesis recipes for ferrates (FeVIO42-) and their associated physicochemical properties as oxidants, coagulants, and disinfectants for the elimination of a diverse range of chemical and biological species from water/wastewater samples. A summary of the eco-sustainable performance of ferrate(VI) in water remediation is also provided and the future of ferrate(VI) is discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, India
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Song Y, Men B, Wang D, Ma J. On-line batch production of ferrate with an chemical method and its potential application for greywater recycling with Al(III) salt. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 52:1-7. [PMID: 28254027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferrate(VI) salt is an oxidant and coagulant for water and wastewater treatment. It is considered as a possible alternative method in greywater treatment. However, challenges have existed in putting ferrate(VI) technology into full-scale practice in water and wastewater treatment due to the instability of ferrate solution and high production cost of solid ferrate products. This study demonstrated a new approach of greywater treatment with on-line batch production of Fe(VI) to which Fe(III) salt was oxidized at a weak acidity solution. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Fe(VI) on light greywater (total organic carbon (TOC)=19.5mg/L) and dark greywater (TOC=55mg/L) treatment under different conditions with varying pH and Fe(VI) doses. In addition, the combination use of Fe(VI) and Al(III) salts was proved to be more efficient than using the Fe(VI) salts alone at greywater recycling. The optimum dosage of Fe(VI)/Al(III) salts was 25/25mg/L for light greywater, 90/60mg/L for dark greywater, respectively. The TOC values of both light greywater and dark greywater were reduced to less than 3mg/L with the dosages. The cost for treating greywater was 0.06-0.2$/ton at ferrate(VI) dosage of 25-90mg/L and 0.008-0.024$/ton at AlCl3 dosage of 25-60mg/L. The full operating cost needs further assessment before the Fe(VI)/Al(III) technology could be implemented in greywater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Song
- Northeast Petroleum University, Institute of Civil Engineering and Construction, Da Qing 163318, China.
| | - Bin Men
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10085, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10085, China.
| | - Jianwei Ma
- Northeast Petroleum University, Institute of Civil Engineering and Construction, Da Qing 163318, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Review on the Stability of Ferrate (VI) Species in Aqueous Medium and Oxidation of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) by Ferrate (VI): Identification of Transformation By-Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1238.ch012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
9
|
Xie P, Chen Y, Ma J, Zhang X, Zou J, Wang Z. A mini review of preoxidation to improve coagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:550-563. [PMID: 27153238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Preoxidation has attracted people's attention due to its effectiveness in enhancing coagulation. The mechanisms, drawbacks and applications in the improvement of coagulation were summarized in this work. Preoxidation can destroy the organic coating on the surface of particles to change the zeta potential, which is the vital reason for improving coagulation. Co-existing metallic ions, such as calcium, iron and manganese, play important roles in the improvement of coagulation due to the formation of metal-humate complexes or the in situ formed coagulant. However, preoxidation could degrade organic matter from high molecular weight to low molecular weight and damage cell membrane of algae, causing intracellular algal organic matter to release outside and producing hydrophilic functional groups to some extent, which has the potential to deteriorate the water quality. Additionally, disinfection byproduct formation is also affected significantly through changing the characteristics of the organic and inorganic precursors. Based on the recent publications, some future developments of preoxidation process were suggested in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tiwari D. Ferrate(VI) a Greener Solution: Synthesis, Characterization, and Multifunctional Use in Treating Metal-Complexed Species in Aqueous Solution. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1238.ch007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee Y, Kissner R, von Gunten U. Reaction of ferrate(VI) with ABTS and self-decay of ferrate(VI): kinetics and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:5154-5162. [PMID: 24697210 DOI: 10.1021/es500804g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of ferrate(VI) during water treatment generate perferryl(V) or ferryl(IV) as primary intermediates. To better understand the fate of perferryl(V) or ferryl(IV) during ferrate(VI) oxidation, this study investigates the kinetics, products, and mechanisms for the reaction of ferrate(VI) with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and self-decay of ferrate(VI) in phosphate-buffered solutions. The oxidation of ABTS by ferrate(VI) via a one-electron transfer process produces ABTS(•+) and perferryl(V) (k = 1.2 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) at pH 7). The perferryl(V) mainly self-decays into H2O2 and Fe(III) in acidic solution while with increasing pH the reaction of perferryl(V) with H2O2 can compete with the perferryl(V) self-decay and produces Fe(III) and O2 as final products. The ferrate(VI) self-decay generates ferryl(IV) and H2O2 via a two-electron transfer with the initial step being rate-limiting (k = 26 M(-1) s(-1) at pH 7). Ferryl(IV) reacts with H2O2 generating Fe(II) and O2 and Fe(II) is oxidized by ferrate(VI) producing Fe(III) and perferryl(V) (k = ∼10(7) M(-1) s(-1)). Due to these facile transformations of reactive ferrate(VI), perferryl(V), and ferryl(IV) to the much less reactive Fe(III), H2O2, or O2, the observed oxidation capacity of ferrate(VI) is typically much lower than expected from theoretical considerations (i.e., three or four electron equivalents per ferrate(VI)). This should be considered for optimizing water treatment processes using ferrate(VI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunho Lee
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma VK. Ferrate(VI) and ferrate(V) oxidation of organic compounds: Kinetics and mechanism. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Hightower SM, Lorenz BB, Bernard JG, Johnson MD. Oxidation of Phosphorus Centers by Ferrate(VI): Spectral Observation of an Intermediate. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:6626-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun M. Hightower
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
88003, United States
| | - Bret B. Lorenz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
88003, United States
| | - Jonathan G. Bernard
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
88003, United States
| | - Michael D. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico
88003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharma VK, Triantis TM, Antoniou MG, He X, Pelaez M, Han C, Song W, O’Shea KE, de la Cruz AA, Kaloudis T, Hiskia A, Dionysiou DD. Destruction of microcystins by conventional and advanced oxidation processes: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
15
|
Yang EL, Shi JJ, Liang HC. On-line electrochemical production of ferrate (VI) for odor control. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Liu X, Li Y, Zhang X, Lei L. Retention-oxidation-adsorption process for emergent treatment of organic liquid spills. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 195:162-169. [PMID: 21889844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility and effectiveness of retention-oxidation-adsorption process (ROA) for the elimination of organic contaminants induced by chemical accidents were investigated in this study. Organobentonites (DTMA-, TTA-, CTMA- and OTMA-bentonite), potassium ferrate (Fe(VI)), ozone and granular activated carbon (GAC) were used as rapid and efficient materials in the treatment and recovery of organic liquid spills. Results indicated that the retention capacities of organobentonites (especially CTMA-bentonite) were much higher than that of natural bentonite towards the chosen organic compounds. Additionally, pH, oxidant dosage, initial concentration of contaminant and chemical structure had significant influences on the effectiveness of the oxidation process. In a pilot-scale experiment, the ferrate/GAC (F/G) and ozone/GAC (O/G) processes made a comparatively good performance in the treatment of wastewater containing aniline or nitrobenzene, with the removal efficiencies of the contaminants greater than 80%. Overall, the ROA process showed a high efficiency and steady operation in the removal of hazardous organic liquids and subsequent clean up of the contaminated site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Liu
- Institute of Industrial Ecology and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
An assessment of the use of drug and non-drug interventions in the treatment ofIchthyophthirius multifiliisFouquet, 1876, a protozoan parasite of freshwater fish. Parasitology 2011; 139:149-90. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182011001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYInfection by the ciliate protozoanIchthyophthirius multifiliisFouquet, 1876 causes significant economic losses in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. Following the ban on the use of malachite green for treating food fish, there has been extensive research aimed at identifying suitable replacements. In this paper we critically assess drug and non-drug interventions, which have been tested for use or have been employed against this parasite and evaluate possibilities for their application in farm systems. Current treatments include the administration of formaldehyde, sodium chloride (salt), copper sulphate and potassium permanganate. However, purportedly more environmentally friendly drugs such as humic acid, potassium ferrate (VI), bronopol and the peracetic acid-based products have recently been tested and represent promising alternatives. Further investigation, is required to optimize the treatments and to establish precise protocols in order to minimize the quantity of drug employed whilst ensuring the most efficacious performance. At the same time, there needs to be a greater emphasis placed on the non-drug aspects of management strategies, including the use of non-chemical interventions focusing on the removal of free-swimming stages and tomocysts ofI. multifiliisfrom farm culture systems. Use of such strategies provides the hope of more environmentally friendly alternatives for the control ofI. multifiliisinfections.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharma VK. Oxidation of inorganic contaminants by ferrates (VI, V, and IV)--kinetics and mechanisms: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 92:1051-73. [PMID: 21193263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic contaminants are found in water, wastewaters, and industrial effluents and their oxidation using iron based oxidants is of great interest because such oxidants possess multi-functional properties and are environmentally benign. This review makes a critical assessment of the kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation reactions by ferrates (Fe(VI)O(4)(2-), Fe(V)O(4)(3-), and Fe(IV)). The rate constants (k, M(-1) s(-1)) for a series of inorganic compounds by ferrates are correlated with thermodynamic oxidation potentials. Correlations agree with the mechanisms of oxidation involving both one-electron and two-electron transfer processes to yield intermediates and products of the reactions. Case studies are presented which demonstrate that inorganic contaminants can be degraded in seconds to minutes by ferrate(VI) with the formation of non-toxic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virender K Sharma
- Chemistry Department and Center of Ferrate Excellence, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sharma VK. Oxidation of inorganic compounds by Ferrate(VI) and Ferrate(V): one-electron and two-electron transfer steps. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:5148-5152. [PMID: 20527775 DOI: 10.1021/es1005187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ferrate(VI) (Fe(VI)O(4)(-), Fe(VI)) and ferrate(V) (Fe(V)O(4)(3-), Fe(V)) have a high oxidizing power and upon decomposition form a nontoxic byproduct, Fe(III), which makes them environmentally friendly oxidants in water and wastewater treatment. The kinetics of the reaction between Fe(VI) and I(-) was determined using a stopped-flow technique. The second-order rate constants (k, M(-1) s(-1)) for the oxidation of I(-) and other inorganic compounds by protonated ferrate(VI) (HFe(VI)O(4)(-)) and ferrate(V) (Fe(V)O(4)(3-)) ions were correlated with thermodynamic reduction potentials to understand the reaction mechanisms. A linear relationship was found between log k and 1-e(-) reduction potentials for iodide, cyanides, and superoxide while oxy-compounds of nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, and arsenic demonstrated a linear relationship for 2-e(-) reduction potentials. The estimated limits for the reduction potentials of the couple are E(o)(Fe(VI)/Fe(V)) >or= 0.76 V and E(o)(Fe(VI)/Fe(IV)) >or= -0.18 V. Conclusions drawn from the correlations are consistent with the mechanisms postulated from stoichiometries, intermediates, and products of the reactions. Implication of the kinetic results in treatment using ferrate(VI) is briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virender K Sharma
- Chemistry Department, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ling F, Wang JG, Liu QF, Li M, Ye LT, Gong XN. Prevention of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infestation in goldfish (Carassius auratus) by potassium ferrate(VI) treatment. Vet Parasitol 2010; 168:212-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Shilov VP, Gogolev AV. Oxidation of Fe(III) to Fe(VI) by the Fe(CN) 6 3− ion in strong solution of alkalis. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363209090023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Xu GR, Zhang YP, Li GB. Degradation of azo dye active brilliant red X-3B by composite ferrate solution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 161:1299-1305. [PMID: 18555598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Composite ferrate(VI) solution (CFS) with improved stability was successfully prepared in this study. The stability of Fe(VI) increased from hours for potassium ferrate at pH 9-10 to 16d for 1 mmol L(-1) Fe(VI) in CFS at 25 degrees C, decomposing 24%. The Fe(VI) was more stable at low concentration (1 mmol L(-1)) than that at high concentration (10 mmol L(-1)). The degradation of the azo dye reactive brilliant red X-3B (X-3B) by CFS was investigated. The results showed that pH, initial dye concentration and CFS dosage affected the degradation efficiency. For 0.08 mmol L(-1) X-3B simulate wastewater, the optimal pH and CFS dosage were 8.4 and 25 mg L(-1) (as K(2)FeO(4)), and about 99% X-3B was decolorized after 20 min under this conditions. The color decay was considerably faster than the decrease in COD and TOC, which was attributed to the ease of chromophore destruction. Compared with the decolorization, the removal percentage of COD and TOC were 42% and 9% after 60 min, respectively. The Fe(VI) and ClO(-) were contained in CFS, which have synergetic effect for the degradation of X-3B. Additionally, phthalic acid and muconic acid were identified as intermediates by GC/MS, which was in accordance with the lowered pH with the reaction time. The complete mineralization of X-3B cannot be achieved under the oxidation by CFS. And a tentative pathway for the oxidative degradation of X-3B was postulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 2602, 202 Haihe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, Postal code 150090, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sharma VK, Burnett CR, Yngard RA, Cabelli DE. Iron(VI) and iron(V) oxidation of copper(I) cyanide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:3849-54. [PMID: 15952395 DOI: 10.1021/es048196g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Copper(Il) cyanide (Cu(CN)4(3-)) in the gold mine industry presentsthe biggest concern in cyanide management because it is much more stable than free cyanide. Cu(CN)4(3-) is highlytoxic to aquatic life; therefore, environmentally friendly techniques are required for the removal of Cu(CN)4(3-) from gold mine effluent. The oxidation of Cu(CN)4(3-) by iron-(VI) (FeVIO4(2-), Fe(VI)) and iron(V) (FeVO4(3-), Fe(V)) was studied using stopped-flow and premix pulse radiolysis techniques. The stoichiometry with Fe(VI) was determined to be 5HFeO(4-) + Cu(CN)4(3-) + 8H2O - > 5Fe(OH)3 + Cu2+ + 4CNO- +3/202 + 6OH-. The rate law for the oxidation of Cu(CN)4(3-) by Fe(VI) was found to be first-order with each reactant. The rates decreased with increasing pH and were mostly related to a decrease in concentration of reactive protonated Fe(VI) species, HFeO4-. A mechanism is proposed that agrees with the observed reaction stoichiometry and rate law. The rate constant for the oxidation of Cu(CN)4(3-) by Fe(V) was determined at pH 12.0 as 1.35 +/- 0.02 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1), which is approximately 3 orders of magnitude larger than Fe(VI). Results indicate that Fe(VI) is highly efficient for removal of cyanides in gold mill effluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virender K Sharma
- Chemistry Department, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Graham N, Jiang CC, Li XZ, Jiang JQ, Ma J. The influence of pH on the degradation of phenol and chlorophenols by potassium ferrate. CHEMOSPHERE 2004; 56:949-956. [PMID: 15268961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2003] [Revised: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents information concerning the influence of solution pH on the aqueous reaction between potassium ferrate and phenol and three chlorinated phenols: 4-chlorophenol (CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP). The redox potential and aqueous stability of the ferrate ion, and the reactivity of dissociating compounds, are known to be pH dependent. Laboratory tests have been undertaken over a wide range of pH (5.8-11) and reactant concentrations (ferrate:compound molar ratios of 1:1 to 8:1). The reactivity of trichloroethylene was also investigated as a reference compound owing to its non-dissociating nature. The extent of compound degradation by ferrate was found to be highly pH dependent, and the optimal pH (maximum degradation) decreased in the order: phenol/CP, DCP, TCP; at the optimal pH the degree of degradation of these compounds was similar. The results indicate that for the group of phenol and chlorophenols studied, the presence of an increasing number of chlorine substituent atoms corresponds to an increasing reactivity of the undissociated compound, and a decreasing reactivity of the dissociated compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Graham
- Research Centre for Urban Environmental Technology and Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jiang JQ, Lloyd B. Progress in the development and use of ferrate(VI) salt as an oxidant and coagulant for water and wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2002; 36:1397-408. [PMID: 11996330 DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the progress in preparing and using ferrate(VI) salt as an oxidant and coagulant for water and wastewater treatment. The literature revealed that due to its unique properties (viz. strong oxidizing potential and simultaneous generation of ferric coagulating species), ferrate(VI) salt can disinfect microorganisms, partially degrade and/or oxidise the organic and inorganic impurities, and remove suspended/colloidal particulate materials in a single dosing and mixing unit process. However, these findings have not yet lead to the full-scale application of ferrate(VI) in the water industry owing to difficulties associated with the relatively low yield of ferrate(VI), the instability of the chemical depending on its method of preparation, and the lack of adequate studies that have demonstrated its capabilities and advantages over existing water and wastewater treatment methods. Fundamental study is thus required to explore the new preparation methods focusing on increasing the production yield and product's stability and avoiding using hypochlorite or chlorine as the oxidant. Also, the application of ferrate(VI) in drinking water treatment has not been studied systematically and future work in this field is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qian Jiang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Sharma VK, O'Connor DB, Cabelli DE. Sequential One-Electron Reduction of Fe(V) to Fe(III) by Cyanide in Alkaline Medium. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012223x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virender K. Sharma
- Chemistry Department, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Donald B. O'Connor
- Chemistry Department, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Diane E. Cabelli
- Chemistry Department, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Long Island, Upton, New York 11973
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang H, Sommerfeld D, Dunn BC, Eyring EM, Lloyd CR. Ferrate(VI) Oxidation of Aqueous Phenol: Kinetics and Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0039621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - David Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Brian C. Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Edward M. Eyring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sylvester P, Rutherford LA, Gonzalez-Martin A, Kim J, Rapko BM, Lumetta GJ. Ferrate treatment for removing chromium from high-level radioactive tank waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2001; 35:216-221. [PMID: 11352016 DOI: 10.1021/es001340n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A method has been developed for removing chromium from alkaline high-level radioactive tank waste. Removing chromium from these wastes is critical in reducing the volume of waste requiring expensive immobilization and deep geologic disposition. The method developed is based on the oxidation of insoluble chromium(III) compounds to soluble chromate using ferrate. This method could be generally applicable to removing chromium from chromium-contaminated solids, when coupled with a subsequent reduction of the separated chromate back to chromium(III). The tests conducted with a simulated Hanford tank sludge indicate that the chromium removal with ferrate is more efficient at 5 M NaOH than at 3 M NaOH. Chromium removal increases with increasing Fe(VI)/Cr(II) molar ratio, but the chromium removal tends to level out for Fe(VI)/ Cr(III) greaterthan 10. Increasingtemperature leadsto better chromium removal, but higher temperatures also led to more rapid ferrate decomposition. Tests with radioactive Hanford tank waste generally confirmed the simulant results. In all cases examined, ferrate enhanced the chromium removal, with a typical removal of around 60-70% of the total chromium present in the washed sludge solids. The ferrate leachate solutions did not contain significant concentrations of transuranic elements, so these solutions could be disposed as low-activity waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Sylvester
- Lynntech, Inc, College Station, Texas 77840, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sharma VK, O'Connor DB. Ferrate(V) oxidation of thiourea: a premix pulse radiolysis study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|