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Nemkov T, Key A, Stephenson D, Earley EJ, Keele GR, Hay A, Amireault P, Casimir M, Dussiot M, Dzieciatkowska M, Reisz JA, Deng X, Stone M, Kleinman S, Spitalnik SL, Hansen KC, Norris PJ, Churchill GA, Busch MP, Roubinian N, Page GP, Zimring JC, Arduini A, D’Alessandro A. Genetic regulation of carnitine metabolism controls lipid damage repair and aging RBC hemolysis in vivo and in vitro. Blood 2024; 143:2517-2533. [PMID: 38513237 PMCID: PMC11208298 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024023983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent large-scale multiomics studies suggest that genetic factors influence the chemical individuality of donated blood. To examine this concept, we performed metabolomics analyses of 643 blood units from volunteers who donated units of packed red blood cells (RBCs) on 2 separate occasions. These analyses identified carnitine metabolism as the most reproducible pathway across multiple donations from the same donor. We also measured l-carnitine and acyl-carnitines in 13 091 packed RBC units from donors in the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation study. Genome-wide association studies against 879 000 polymorphisms identified critical genetic factors contributing to interdonor heterogeneity in end-of-storage carnitine levels, including common nonsynonymous polymorphisms in genes encoding carnitine transporters (SLC22A16, SLC22A5, and SLC16A9); carnitine synthesis (FLVCR1 and MTDH) and metabolism (CPT1A, CPT2, CRAT, and ACSS2), and carnitine-dependent repair of lipids oxidized by ALOX5. Significant associations between genetic polymorphisms on SLC22 transporters and carnitine pools in stored RBCs were validated in 525 Diversity Outbred mice. Donors carrying 2 alleles of the rs12210538 SLC22A16 single-nucleotide polymorphism exhibited the lowest l-carnitine levels, significant elevations of in vitro hemolysis, and the highest degree of vesiculation, accompanied by increases in lipid peroxidation markers. Separation of RBCs by age, via in vivo biotinylation in mice, and Percoll density gradients of human RBCs, showed age-dependent depletions of l-carnitine and acyl-carnitine pools, accompanied by progressive failure of the reacylation process after chemically induced membrane lipid damage. Supplementation of stored murine RBCs with l-carnitine boosted posttransfusion recovery, suggesting this could represent a viable strategy to improve RBC storage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Omix Technologies Inc, Aurora, CO
| | - Alicia Key
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Daniel Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Eric J. Earley
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Gregory R. Keele
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Ariel Hay
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Pascal Amireault
- Université Paris Cité et Université des Antilles, INSERM, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine Casimir
- Université Paris Cité et Université des Antilles, INSERM, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Michaël Dussiot
- Université Paris Cité et Université des Antilles, INSERM, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Steve Kleinman
- The University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Philip J. Norris
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nareg Roubinian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | - Grier P. Page
- Genomics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - James C. Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Arduino Arduini
- Department of Research and Development, CoreQuest Sagl, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Omix Technologies Inc, Aurora, CO
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2
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Mons C, Salameh M, Botzanowski T, Clémancey M, Dorlet P, Vallières C, Erb S, Vernis L, Guittet O, Lepoivre M, Huang ME, Cianferani S, Latour JM, Blondin G, Golinelli-Cohen MP. Regulations of mitoNEET by the key redox homeostasis molecule glutathione. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 255:112535. [PMID: 38527404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Human mitoNEET (mNT) and CISD2 are two NEET proteins characterized by an atypical [2Fe-2S] cluster coordination involving three cysteines and one histidine. They act as redox switches with an active state linked to the oxidation of their cluster. In the present study, we show that reduced glutathione but also free thiol-containing molecules such as β-mercaptoethanol can induce a loss of the mNT cluster under aerobic conditions, while CISD2 cluster appears more resistant. This disassembly occurs through a radical-based mechanism as previously observed with the bacterial SoxR. Interestingly, adding cysteine prevents glutathione-induced cluster loss. At low pH, glutathione can bind mNT in the vicinity of the cluster. These results suggest a potential new regulation mechanism of mNT activity by glutathione, an essential actor of the intracellular redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Mons
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Myriam Salameh
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Thomas Botzanowski
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg 67000, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Pierre Dorlet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France; CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, BIP, IMM, Marseille cedex 09 13402, France
| | - Cindy Vallières
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Stéphane Erb
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg 67000, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Laurence Vernis
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Olivier Guittet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Michel Lepoivre
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg 67000, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Geneviève Blondin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Golinelli-Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France.
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Álvarez-Armenta A, Huerta-Ocampo JA, López-Zavala AA, Pacheco-Aguilar R, Sotelo-Mundo RR, Corona-Martínez DO, Ramírez-Suárez JC. Review of the Greening Reaction by Thermal Treatment: New Insights Exploring the Structural Implications of Myoglobin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17485-17493. [PMID: 37943570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Myoglobin is the main factor responsible for muscle pigmentation in tuna; muscle color depends upon changes in the oxidative state of myoglobin. The tuna industry has reported muscle greening after thermal treatment involving metmyoglobin (MetMb), trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), and free cysteine (Cys). It has been proposed that this pigmentation change is due to a disulfide bond between a unique cysteine residue (Cys10) found in tuna MetMb and free Cys. However, no evidence has been given to confirm that this reaction occurs. In this review, new findings about the mechanism of this greening reaction are discussed, showing evidence of how free radicals produced from Cys oxidation under thermal treatment participate in the greening of tuna and horse muscle during thermal treatment. In addition, the reaction conditions are compared to other green myoglobins, such as sulfmyoglobin, verdomyoglobin, and cholemyoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Álvarez-Armenta
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jose A Huerta-Ocampo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de Proteínas y Glicanos, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT)-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Alonso A López-Zavala
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ramón Pacheco-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rogerio R Sotelo-Mundo
- Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - David O Corona-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Ramírez-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Álvarez-Armenta A, Corona-Martínez DO, Pacheco-Aguilar R, López-Zavala AA, Sotelo-Mundo RR, García-Sánchez G, Ramírez-Suárez JC. Sulfmyoglobin production by free cysteine during thermal treatment: Involvement of heme iron in the production of free radicals. Food Chem 2023; 408:135165. [PMID: 36527926 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The meat greening is an abnormal pigmentation related to microbiological contamination and lipid oxidation during storage. This color change results from sulfmyoglobin (SulfMb) production promoted by the reaction between metmyoglobin (MetMb), H2O2, and thiol compounds. Spectral studies on cooked meat suggested the production of SulfMb, probably due to the increment of free radicals during thermal treatment. Thus, we evaluated the involvement of free radicals and heme iron in the SulfMb production from horse MetMb and free cysteine (Cys) during thermal treatment. The results confirm that the reaction of SulfMb production at meat muscle pH (5.7-7.2) during heat treatment is a product of free radicals formed from Cys oxidation (SH) and reactive oxygen species (O2-, H2O2). This is catalyzed by the release of heme iron, thus promoting a consecutive reaction having MbFe(IV)O as a reaction intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Álvarez-Armenta
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., 83304 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - David O Corona-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ramón Pacheco-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., 83304 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Alonso A López-Zavala
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rogerio R Sotelo-Mundo
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, 83304 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Guillermina García-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., 83304 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Ramírez-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., 83304 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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5
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Versatility of thiourea dioxide as redox agent in globins: case study with myoglobin. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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6
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Álvarez-Armenta A, Pacheco-Aguilar R, López-Zavala AA, Corona-Martínez DO, Sotelo-Mundo RR, García-Orozco KD, Ramírez-Suárez JC. The greening reaction of skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis) metmyoglobin promoted by free cysteine during thermal treatment. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13923. [PMID: 35996665 PMCID: PMC9392451 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuna muscle greening is a problem that occurs after heating. A hypothesis has been postulated to address this problem, involving a conserved Cys residue at position 10 (Cys-10) present on tuna myoglobin (Mb) that is exposed during the thermic treatment, forming a disulfide bond with free cysteine (Cys) in the presence of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), resulting in the greening of the tuna Mb. Methods We present a study using skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) metmyoglobin (MbFe(III)-H2O) where the effect of free Cys (1-6 mM), TMAO (1.33 mM), and catalase on the greening reaction (GR) was monitored by UV-vis spectrometry during thermal treatment at 60 °C for 30 min. Moreover, the participation of Cys-10 on the GR was evaluated after its blocking with N-ethymaleimide. Results The GR occurred in tuna MbFe(III)-H2O after heat treatment with free Cys, forming sulfmyoglobin (MbFe(II)-S) as the responsible pigment for the tuna greening. However, the rate constants of MbFe(II)-S production depended on Cys concentration (up to 4 mM) and occurred regardless of the TMAO presence. We postulate that two consecutive reactions involve an intermediate ferrylmyoglobin (promoted by H2O2) species with a subsequent MbFe(II)-S formation since the presence of catalase fosters the reduction of the rate reaction. Moreover, GR occurred even with blocked Cys-10 residues in tuna Mb and horse Mb (without Cys in its sequence). Discussion We found that GR is not exclusive to tuna Mb´s, and it can be promoted in other muscle systems. Moreover, Cys and thermal treatment are indispensable for promoting this pigmentation anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Álvarez-Armenta
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Ramón Pacheco-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Alonso A. López-Zavala
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Rogerio R. Sotelo-Mundo
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular, Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Karina D. García-Orozco
- Laboratorio de Estructura Molecular, Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Juan C. Ramírez-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Calidad de Productos Pesqueros, Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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7
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Abiological catalysis by myoglobin mutant with a genetically incorporated unnatural amino acid. Biochem J 2021; 478:1795-1808. [PMID: 33821889 PMCID: PMC10071548 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To inculcate biocatalytic activity in the oxygen-storage protein myoglobin (Mb), a genetically engineered myoglobin mutant H64DOPA (DOPA = L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) has been created. Incorporation of unnatural amino acids has already demonstrated their ability to accomplish many non-natural functions in proteins efficiently. Herein, the presence of redox-active DOPA residue in the active site of mutant Mb presumably stabilizes the compound I in the catalytic oxidation process by participating in an additional hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) as compared to the WT Mb. Specifically, a general acid-base catalytic pathway was achieved due to the availability of the hydroxyl moieties of DOPA. The reduction potential values of WT (E° = -260 mV) and mutant Mb (E° = -300 mV), w.r.t. Ag/AgCl reference electrode, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, indicated an additional H-bonding in the mutant protein, which is responsible for the peroxidase activity of the mutant Mb. We observed that in the presence of 5 mM H2O2, H64DOPA Mb oxidizes thioanisole and benzaldehyde with a 10 and 54 folds higher rate, respectively, as opposed to WT Mb. Based on spectroscopic, kinetic, and electrochemical studies, we deduce that DOPA residue, when present within the distal pocket of mutant Mb, alone serves the role of His/Arg-pair of peroxidases.
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Parsons BJ. Kinetic simulations of the effect of antioxidants on the metmyoglobin reactions with hydrogen peroxide and their relevance and application to the Trolox equivalent equivalent antioxidant assay. INT J CHEM KINET 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Parsons
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences Leeds Beckett University Leeds UK
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9
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Euceda N, Jahnke J, Espinal A, Louis MF, Bashkin E, Roccanova P, Espaillat A, Fuentes GV, Nieto F, Gao R. Thioguanine restoration through type I photosensitization-superoxide oxidation-glutathione reduction cycles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5069-5073. [PMID: 33655288 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UVA-induced deleterious effect of thiopurine prodrugs including azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) increases the risk of cancer development due to the incorporation of 6-TG in patients' DNA. The catalytic mechanism by which thiobases act as a sustained oxidant producer has yet to be explored, especially through the Type I electron transfer pathway that produces superoxide radicals (O2˙-). Under Fenton-like conditions O2˙- radicals convert to extremely reactive hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), thus carrying even higher risk of biological damage than that induced by the well-studied type II reaction. By monitoring 6-TG/UVA-induced photochemistry in mass spectra and superoxide radicals (O2˙-) via nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction, this work provides two new findings: (1) in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH), the production of O2˙-via the type I reaction is enhanced 10-fold. 6-TG thiyl radicals are identified as the primary intermediate formed in the reaction of 6-TG with O2˙-. The restoration of 6-TG and concurrent generation of O2˙- occur via a 3-step-cycle: 6-TG type I photosensitization, O2˙- oxidation and GSH reduction. (2) In the absence of GSH, 6-TG thiyl radicals undergo oxygen addition and sulfur dioxide removal to form carbon radicals (C6) which further convert to thioether by reacting with 6-TG molecules. These findings help explain not only thiol-regulation in a biological system but chemoprevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Euceda
- Chemistry and Physics Department, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - Joyce Jahnke
- Chemistry and Physics Department, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - Aileen Espinal
- Chemistry and Physics Department, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - Monique F Louis
- Chemistry and Physics Department, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - Edan Bashkin
- Chemistry and Physics Department, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - Patricia Roccanova
- Biological Sciences Department, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Abraham Espaillat
- Chemistry and Physics Department, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - German V Fuentes
- Chemistry and Physics Department, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
| | - Fernando Nieto
- Biological Sciences Department, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Ruomei Gao
- Chemistry and Physics Department, SUNY College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
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10
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Puscas C, Radu L, Carrascoza F, Mot AC, Amariei D, Lungu O, Scurtu F, Podea P, Septelean R, Matei A, Mic M, Attia AA, Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. The high affinity of small-molecule antioxidants for hemoglobin. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:260-274. [PMID: 29928975 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin has previously been shown to display ascorbate peroxidase and urate peroxidase activity, with measurable Michaelis-Menten parameters that reveal a particularly low Km for ascorbate as well as for urate - lower than the respective in vivo concentrations of these antioxidants in blood. Also, direct detection of a hemoglobin-ascorbate interaction was possible by monitoring the 1H-NMR spectrum of ascorbate in the presence of hemoglobin. The relative difference in structures between ascorbate and urate may raise the question as to exactly what the defining structural features would be, for a substrate that binds to hemoglobin with high affinity. Reported here are Michaelis-Menten parameters for hemoglobin acting as peroxidase against a number of other substrates of varying structures - gallate, caffeate, rutin, 3-hydroxyflavone, 3,6-dihydroxyflavone, quercetin, epicatechin, luteolin - all with high affinities (some higher than those of physiologically-relevant redox partners of Hb - ascorbate and urate). Moreover, this high affinity appears general to animal hemoglobins. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra reveal a general pattern wherein small hydrophilic antioxidants appear to all have their signals affected, presumably due to binding to hemoglobin. Fluorescence and calorimetry measurements confirm these conclusions. Docking calculations confirm the existence of binding sites on hemoglobin and on myoglobin for ascorbate as well as for other antioxidants. Support is found for involvement of Tyr42 in binding of three out of the four substrates investigated in the case of hemoglobin (including ascorbate and urate, as blood-contained relevant substrates), but also for Tyr145 (with urate and caffeate) and Tyr35 (with gallate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Puscas
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Luana Radu
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Francisco Carrascoza
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Augustin C Mot
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Diana Amariei
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Oana Lungu
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Florina Scurtu
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Paula Podea
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Raluca Septelean
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Alina Matei
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Mihaela Mic
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Amr A Attia
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Department of Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 Mihail Kogalniceanu street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania.
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11
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Arbelo-López HD, Rodriguez-Mackenzie AD, Roman-Morales EM, Wymore T, López-Garriga J. Charge Transfer and π to π* Transitions in the Visible Spectra of Sulfheme Met Isomeric Structures. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4947-4955. [PMID: 29689164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1863 discovery of a new green hemoglobin derivative called "sulfhemoglobin", the nature of the characteristic 618 nm absorption band has been the subject of several hypotheses. The experimental spectra are a function of the observation time and interplay between two major sulfheme isomer concentrations (a three- and five-membered ring adduct), with the latter being the dominant isomer at longer times. Thus, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) was used to calculate the sulfheme excited states and visualize the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied MOs (LUMOs) of both isomers in order to interpret the transitions between them. These two isomers have distinguishable a1u and a2u HOMO energies. Formation of the three-membered ring SA isomeric structure decreases the energy of the HOMO a1u and a2u orbitals compared to the unmodified heme due to the electron-withdrawing, sulfur-containing, three-membered ring. Conversely, formation of the SC isomeric structure decreases the energy of the HOMO a1u and a2u orbitals due to the electron-withdrawing, sulfur-containing, five-membered ring. The calculations reveal that the absorption spectrum within the 700 nm region arises from a mixture of MOs but can be characterized as π to π* transitions, while the 600 nm region is characterized by π to dπ (d yz, d xz) transitions having components of a deoxy-like derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector D Arbelo-López
- Chemistry Department , University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Campus , Mayagüez , Puerto Rico
| | | | - Elddie M Roman-Morales
- Chemistry Department , University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Campus , Mayagüez , Puerto Rico
| | - Troy Wymore
- Chemistry Department , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , United States
| | - Juan López-Garriga
- Chemistry Department , University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Campus , Mayagüez , Puerto Rico
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12
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Tang N, Skibsted LH. Sequential Proton Loss Electron Transfer in Deactivation of Iron(IV) Binding Protein by Tyrosine Based Food Components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6195-6210. [PMID: 28681604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The iron(IV) binding protein ferrylmyoglobin, MbFe(IV)═O, was found to be reduced by tyrosine based food components in aqueous solution through a sequential proton loss electron transfer reaction mechanism without binding to the protein as confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry. Dopamine and epinephrine are the most efficient food components reducing ferrylmyoglobin to oxymyoglobin, MbFe(II)O2, and metmyoglobin, MbFe(III), as revealed by multivariate curve resolution alternating least-squares with second order rate constants of 33.6 ± 2.3 L/mol/s (ΔH⧧ of 19 ± 5 kJ/mol, ΔS⧧ of -136 ± 18 J/mol K) and 228.9 ± 13.3 L/mol/s (ΔH⧧ of 110 ± 7 kJ/mol, ΔS⧧ of 131 ± 25 J/mol K), respectively, at pH 7.4 and 25 °C. The other tyrosine based food components were found to reduce ferrylmyoglobin to metmyoglobin with similar reduction rates at pH 7.4 and 25 °C. These reduction reactions were enhanced by protonation of ferrylmyoglobin and facilitated proton transfer at acidic conditions. Enthalpy-entropy compensation effects were observed for the activation parameters (ΔH⧧ and ΔS⧧), indicating the common reaction mechanism. Moreover, principal component analysis combined with heat map were performed to understand the relationship between density functional theory calculated molecular descriptors and kinetic data, which was further modeled by partial least squares for quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis. In addition, a three tyrosine residue containing protein, lysozyme, was also found to be able to reduce ferrylmyoglobin with a second order rate constant of 66 ± 28 L/mol/s as determined by a competitive kinetic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Leif H Skibsted
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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13
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Motterlini R, Foresti R. Biological signaling by carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide-releasing molecules. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C302-C313. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00360.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is continuously produced in mammalian cells during the degradation of heme. It is a stable gaseous molecule that reacts selectively with transition metals in a specific redox state, and these characteristics restrict the interaction of CO with defined biological targets that transduce its signaling activity. Because of the high affinity of CO for ferrous heme, these targets can be grouped into heme-containing proteins, representing a large variety of sensors and enzymes with a series of diverse function in the cell and the organism. Despite this notion, progress in identifying which of these targets are selective for CO has been slow and even the significance of elevated carbonmonoxy hemoglobin, a classical marker used to diagnose CO poisoning, is not well understood. This is also due to the lack of technologies capable of assessing in a comprehensive fashion the distribution and local levels of CO between the blood circulation, the tissue, and the mitochondria, one of the cellular compartments where CO exerts its signaling or detrimental effects. Nevertheless, the use of CO gas and CO-releasing molecules as pharmacological approaches in models of disease has provided new important information about the signaling properties of CO. In this review we will analyze the most salient effects of CO in biology and discuss how the binding of CO with key ferrous hemoproteins serves as a posttranslational modification that regulates important processes as diverse as aerobic metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Motterlini
- Inserm U955, Team 12, Créteil, France; and Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Roberta Foresti
- Inserm U955, Team 12, Créteil, France; and Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
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14
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Galardon E, Huguet F, Herrero C, Ricoux R, Artaud I, Padovani D. Reactions of persulfides with the heme cofactor of oxidized myoglobin and microperoxidase 11: reduction or coordination. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7939-7946. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01638g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Persulfides reduce both met- and ferryl-oxidized forms of myoglobin, and coordinate to N-acetylated microperoxidase-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Galardon
- UMR 8601
- LCBPT
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes
- 75006 Paris
- France
| | - Florian Huguet
- UMR 8601
- LCBPT
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes
- 75006 Paris
- France
| | - Christian Herrero
- UMR 8182
- ICMMO
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- Université Paris-Sud
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
| | - Rémy Ricoux
- UMR 8182
- ICMMO
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
- Université Paris-Sud
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
| | - Isabelle Artaud
- UMR 8601
- LCBPT
- CNRS-Université Paris Descartes
- 75006 Paris
- France
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15
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Zawadzki AD, Cardoso DR, Skibsted LH. Proton-coupled electron transfer promotes the reduction of ferrylmyoglobin by uric acid under physiological conditions. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28314d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid prevents the oxidative toxic effects of ferrylmyoglobin during red meat digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa de Zawadzki
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
- Department of Food Science
| | - Daniel R. Cardoso
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Leif H. Skibsted
- Department of Food Science
- University of Copenhagen
- 1958 Frederiksberg C
- Denmark
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16
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Padovani D, Hessani A, Castillo FT, Liot G, Andriamihaja M, Lan A, Pilati C, Blachier F, Sen S, Galardon E, Artaud I. Sulfheme formation during homocysteine S-oxygenation by catalase in cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13386. [PMID: 27848965 PMCID: PMC5116089 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that abnormal levels of homocysteine are associated with vascular dysfunctions, cancer cell proliferation and various neurodegenerative diseases. With respect to the latter, a perturbation of transition metal homeostasis and an inhibition of catalase bioactivity have been reported. Herein, we report on some of the molecular bases for the cellular toxicity of homocysteine and demonstrate that it induces the formation of sulfcatalase, an irreversible inactive state of the enzyme, without the intervention of hydrogen sulfide. Initially, homocysteine reacts with native catalase and/or redox-active transition metal ions to generate thiyl radicals that mediate compound II formation, a temporarily inactive state of the enzyme. Then, the ferryl centre of compound II intervenes into the unprecedented S-oxygenation of homocysteine to engender the corresponding sulfenic acid species that further participates into the prosthetic heme modification through the formation of an unusual Fe(II) sulfonium. In addition, our ex cellulo studies performed on cancer cells, models of neurodegenerative diseases and ulcerative colitis suggest the likelihood of this scenario in a subset of cancer cells, as well as in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Our findings expand the repertoire of heme modifications promoted by biological compounds and point out another deleterious trait of disturbed homocysteine levels that could participate in the aetiology of these diseases. High levels of homocysteine in cells are linked to pathological states. Here, the authors report that homocysteine inactivates catalase by modifying the heme group, impairing cellular redox homeostasis, and show that this modification occurs in cancer cells and in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Padovani
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Assia Hessani
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Francine T Castillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Géraldine Liot
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, UMR9199, CEA, CNRS, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, MIRCen, I2BM, DRF, 18 route du Panorama, B.P. 6, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
| | - Mireille Andriamihaja
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Annaïg Lan
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Camilla Pilati
- INSERM UMR-S1147, CNRS SNC 5014, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - François Blachier
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, Paris 75005, France
| | - Suvajit Sen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Erwan Galardon
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
| | - Isabelle Artaud
- UMR 8601, LCBPT, CNRS-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Sts Pères, Paris 75006, France
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17
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Stapornkul N, Prytkova T, Were L. Effect of green tea on interaction of lipid oxidation products with sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein homogenates extracted from bovine top round muscle. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Addition of cysteine in the mM range to purified oxyhemoglobin, red blood cell lysate or red blood cell suspensions leads to oxidation of the hemoprotein. The rate and extent of the process depend on the initial hemoglobin and cysteine concentrations, and the reaction is limited by the total destruction of the sulfhydryl groups. Similar results are obtained employing glutathione, but the rate of the process is considerably slower. Oxidation of the purified hemoprotein is faster than in the red blood cell lysate. This difference is mainly due to the inhibitory effect of catalase present in the lysate. Addition of sodium azide increases the rate of oxyhemoglobin oxidation in the lysate, while addition of catalase reduces the rate of oxidation of the purified hemoprotein. The results are interpreted in terms of a mechanism comprising the oxidation of the oxyhemoglobin by the -SH group, with concomitant formation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. These species further contribute to the oxyhemoglobin oxidation. A chain oxidation of the thiol, catalyzed by the hemoprotein, explains the extensive cysteine destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lips
- a Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valparaiso
| | - G Celedón
- a Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad de Valparaiso
| | - J Escobar
- b Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química y Biología , Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - E A Lissi
- b Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química y Biología , Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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19
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Bostelaar T, Vitvitsky V, Kumutima J, Lewis BE, Yadav PK, Brunold TC, Filipovic M, Lehnert N, Stemmler TL, Banerjee R. Hydrogen Sulfide Oxidation by Myoglobin. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8476-88. [PMID: 27310035 PMCID: PMC5464954 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes in the sulfur network generate the signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), from the amino acids cysteine and homocysteine. Since it is toxic at elevated concentrations, cells are equipped to clear H2S. A canonical sulfide oxidation pathway operates in mitochondria, converting H2S to thiosulfate and sulfate. We have recently discovered the ability of ferric hemoglobin to oxidize sulfide to thiosulfate and iron-bound hydropolysulfides. In this study, we report that myoglobin exhibits a similar capacity for sulfide oxidation. We have trapped and characterized iron-bound sulfur intermediates using cryo-mass spectrometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Further support for the postulated intermediates in the chemically challenging conversion of H2S to thiosulfate and iron-bound catenated sulfur products is provided by EPR and resonance Raman spectroscopy in addition to density functional theory computational results. We speculate that the unusual sensitivity of skeletal muscle cytochrome c oxidase to sulfide poisoning in ethylmalonic encephalopathy, resulting from the deficiency in a mitochondrial sulfide oxidation enzyme, might be due to the concentration of H2S by myoglobin in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trever Bostelaar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Victor Vitvitsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jacques Kumutima
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brianne E. Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2417, United States
| | - Pramod K. Yadav
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Thomas C. Brunold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Milos Filipovic
- University of Bordeaux, IBGC, and CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095,
F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Timothy L. Stemmler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48201-2417, United States
| | - Ruma Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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20
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Spolitak T, Hollenberg PF, Ballou DP. Oxidative hemoglobin reactions: Applications to drug metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 600:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Mozziconacci O, Arora J, Toth RT, Joshi SB, Zhou S, Volkin DB, Schöneich C. Site-Specific Hydrolysis Reaction C-Terminal of Methionine in Met-His during Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation of IgG-1. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1317-28. [PMID: 26942274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The metal-catalyzed oxidation by [Fe(II)(EDTA)](2-)/H2O2 of IgG-1 leads to the site-specific hydrolysis of peptide bonds in the Fc region. The major hydrolytic cleavage occurs between Met428 and His429, consistent with a mechanism reported for the site-specific hydrolysis of parathyroid hormone (1-34) between Met8 and His9 (Mozziconacci, O.; et al. Mol. Pharmaceutics 2013, 10 (2), 739-755). In IgG-1, to a lesser extent, we also observe hydrolysis reactions between Met252 and Ile253. After 2 h of oxidation (at pH 5.8, 37 °C) approximately 5% of the protein is cleaved between Met428 and His429. For comparison, after 2 h of oxidation, the amount of tryptic peptides containing a Met sulfoxide residue represents less than 0.1% of the protein. The effect of this site-specific hydrolysis on the conformational stability and aggregation propensity of the antibody was also examined. No noticeable differences in structural integrity and conformational stability were observed between control and oxidized IgG-1 samples as measured by circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence spectroscopy, and static light scattering (SLS). Small amounts of soluble and insoluble aggregates (3-6%) were, however, observed in the oxidized samples by UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Over the course of metal-catalyzed oxidation, increasing amounts of fragments were also observed by SEC. An increase in the concentration of subvisible particles was detected by microflow imaging (MFI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mozziconacci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Jayant Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Ronald T Toth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Shuxia Zhou
- Drug Product Development, Pharmaceutical Development and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, LLC , Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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22
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Jongberg S, Lund MN, Pattison DI, Skibsted LH, Davies MJ. Competitive kinetics as a tool to determine rate constants for reduction of ferrylmyoglobin by food components. Food Chem 2015; 199:36-41. [PMID: 26775941 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Competitive kinetics were applied as a tool to determine apparent rate constants for the reduction of hypervalent haem pigment ferrylmyoglobin (MbFe(IV)O) by proteins and phenols in aqueous solution of pH 7.4 and I=1.0 at 25°C. Reduction of MbFe(IV)O by a myofibrillar protein isolate (MPI) from pork resulted in kMPI=2.2 ± 0.1 × 10(4)M(-1)s(-1). Blocking of the protein thiol groups on the MPI by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) markedly reduced this rate constant to kMPI-NEM=1.3 ± 0.4 × 10(3)M(-1)s(-1) consistent with a key role for the Cys residues on MPI as targets for haem protein-mediated oxidation. This approach allows determination of apparent rate constants for the oxidation of proteins by haem proteins of relevance to food oxidation and should be applicable to other systems. A similar approach has provided approximate apparent rate constants for the reduction of MbFe(IV)O by catechin and green tea extracts, though possible confounding reactions need to be considered. These kinetic data suggest that small molar excesses of some plant extracts relative to the MPI thiol concentration should afford significant protection against MbFe(IV)O-mediated oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisse Jongberg
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Marianne N Lund
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Building 4.5, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
| | - David I Pattison
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Leif H Skibsted
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Building 4.5, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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23
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is now a well-appreciated master regulator in a diverse array of physiological processes. However, as a consequence of the rapid growth of the area, sulfide biology suffers from an increasing number of controversial observations and interpretations. A better understanding of the underlying molecular pathways of sulfide's actions is key to reconcile controversial issues, which calls for rigorous chemical/biochemical investigations. Protein sulfhydration and coordination/redox chemical interactions of sulfide with heme proteins are the two most extensively studied pathways in sulfide biochemistry. These pathways are important mediators of protein functions, generate bioactive sulfide metabolites, contribute to sulfide storage/trafficking and carry antioxidant functions. In addition, inorganic polysulfides, which are oxidative sulfide metabolites, are increasingly recognized as important players in sulfide biology. This chapter provides an overview of our mechanistic perspective on the reactions that govern (i) sulfide's bioavailability (including the delicate enzyme machineries that orchestrate sulfide production and consumption and the roles of the large sulfide-storing pools as biological buffers), (ii) biological significance and mechanisms of persulfide formation (including the reduction of disulfides, condensation with sulfenic acids, oxidation of thiols with polysulfides and radical-mediated pathways), (iii) coordination and redox chemical interactions of sulfide with heme proteins (including cytochrome c oxidase, hemoglobins, myoglobins and peroxidases), and (iv) the chemistry of polysulfides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
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24
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Tyagi V, Bonn RB, Fasan R. Intermolecular carbene S-H insertion catalysed by engineered myoglobin-based catalysts†. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2488-2494. [PMID: 26101581 PMCID: PMC4474517 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00080g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first example of a biocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of thioethers via an intermolecular carbene S–H insertion reaction is reported.
The first example of a biocatalytic strategy for the synthesis of thioethers via an intermolecular carbene S–H insertion reaction is reported. Engineered variants of sperm whale myoglobin were found to efficiently catalyze this C–S bond forming transformation across a diverse set of aryl and alkyl mercaptan substrates and α-diazoester carbene donors, providing high conversions (60–99%) and high numbers of catalytic turnovers (1100–5400). Furthermore, the enantioselectivity of these biocatalysts could be tuned through mutation of amino acid residues within the distal pocket of the hemoprotein, leading to myoglobin variants capable of supporting asymmetric S–H insertions with up to 49% ee. Rearrangement experiments support a mechanism involving the formation of a sulfonium ylide generated upon attack of the thiol substrate to a heme-bound carbene intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Rachel B Bonn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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Goldstein S, Samuni A. Oxidation Mechanism of Hydroxamic Acids Forming HNO and NO. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Yadav R, Goldstein S, Nasef MO, Lee W, Samuni U. Synergistic activity of acetohydroxamic acid on prokaryotes under oxidative stress: the role of reactive nitrogen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:291-7. [PMID: 25261226 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One-electron oxidation of acetohydroxamic acid (aceto-HX) initially gives rise to nitroxyl (HNO), which can be further oxidized to nitric oxide (NO) or react with potential biological targets such as thiols and metallo-proteins. The distinction between the effects of NO and HNO in vivo is masked by the reversible redox exchange between the two congeners and by the Janus-faced behavior of NO and HNO. The present study examines the ability of aceto-HX to serve as an HNO donor or an NO donor when added to Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis subjected to oxidative stress by comparing its effects to those of NO and commonly used NO and HNO donors. The results demonstrate that: (i) the effects of NO and HNO on the viability of prokaryotes exposed to H2O2 depend on the type of the bacterial cell; (ii) NO synergistically enhances H2O2-induced killing of E. coli, but protects B. subtilis depending on the extent of cell killing by H2O2; (iii) the HNO donor Angeli׳s salt alone has no effect on the viability of the cells; (iv) Angeli׳s salt synergistically enhances H2O2-induced killing of B. subtilis, but not of E. coli; (v) aceto-HX alone (1-4 mM) has no effect on the viability of the cells; (vi) aceto-HX enhances the killing of both cells induced by H2O2 and metmyoglobin, which may be attributed in the case of B. subtilis to the formation of HNO and to further oxidation of HNO to NO in the case of E. coli; (vii) the synergistic activity of aceto-HX on the killing of both cells induced by H2O2 alone does not involve reactive nitrogen species. The effect of aceto-HX on prokaryotes under oxidative stress is opposite to that of other hydroxamic acids on mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Chemistry Institute, the Accelerator Laboratory, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Mohamed O Nasef
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Uri Samuni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Sajewicz W, Zalewska M, Milnerowicz H. Comparative study on thiol drugs' effect on tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced luminol chemiluminescence in human erythrocyte lysate and hemoglobin oxidation. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 29:148-54. [PMID: 25308193 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current studies have investigated the effect of heterocyclic drugs with the single thiol group (thiamazole, mercaptopurine) and dithiol aliphatic drugs (dimercaptosuccinic acid, dithiothreitol) under oxidative stress conditions, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), in human erythrocyte lysate with the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence technique. Knowing that oxidative processes induced by t-BuOOH are triggered by (oxy)hemoglobin (Hb), the effect of different thiol drugs (RSH) on isolated human Hb oxidation to methemoglobin (MHb) and hemichromes (HChr) was further considered. Three types of chemiluminescence curves, fitting to logistic-exponential model, have been revealed under influence of RSH. Structure of the data (MHb and HChr production, and free radical activity of RSH) in Principal Component Analysis visualization and kinetic profiles of chemiluminescence integrate information in terms of the diversity of RSH reaction mechanisms depending on the specific molecular context of the given thiol: aliphatic or aromatic nature as well as the number and position of the -SH groups in the molecule. The study conducted in presented in vitro systems indicates the potential role of thiol drugs mediated toxicity in an oxidative stress dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Sajewicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska St. 211, PL 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Zalewska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska St. 211, PL 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska St. 211, PL 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Miura Y, Inai M, Honda S, Masuda A, Masuda T. Reducing effects of polyphenols on metmyoglobin and the in vitro regeneration of bright meat color by polyphenols in the presence of cysteine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9472-9478. [PMID: 25221843 DOI: 10.1021/jf5039508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of polyphenols and related phenolic compounds on the reduction of metmyoglobin (MetMb) to oxymyoglobin (MbO2), in the presence of cysteine, was investigated. Caffeic acid, dihydrocaffeic acid, and hydroxtyrosol (600 μmol/L) did not show any reducing activity individually. However, their highly potent activity in the reduction of MetMb to MbO2 was observed in the presence of equimolar amounts of cysteine. On the basis of the analytical results for the redox reaction products generated during the MetMb-reducing reaction of caffeic acid, we proposed a mechanism for the polyphenol-mediated reduction of MetMb. As per the proposed mechanism, the antioxidant polyphenols having a catechol substructure can effectively reduce MetMb to MbO2 with chemical assistance from nucleophilic reactive thiol compounds such as cysteine. Moreover, cysteine-coupled polyphenols such as cysteinylcaffeic acids (which are coupling products of caffeic acid and cysteine) can be used as preserving agents for retaining the fresh meat color, because of their powerful reducing effect on MetMb. The reduction of MetMb to MbO2 changes the color of meat from brown to the more desirable bright red.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Miura
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima , Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
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29
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Inai M, Miura Y, Honda S, Masuda A, Masuda T. Metmyoglobin reduction by polyphenols and mechanism of the conversion of metmyoglobin to oxymyoglobin by quercetin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:893-901. [PMID: 24401086 DOI: 10.1021/jf404357h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of antioxidant polyphenols and related phenolic compounds from plants on the reduction of metmyoglobin (MetMb) was investigated. Potent activity in the reduction of MetMb to oxymyoglobin (MbO2), a bright red protein in meat, was observed for three flavonols, kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin, at 300 μmol/L against 60 μmol/L MetMb. Sinapic acid, catechin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, taxifolin, morin, and ferulic acid promoted reduction at 600 μmol/L. A mechanism for the reduction by one of the active flavonols, quercetin, was proposed on the basis of analytical results for redox reaction products derived from quercetin. This suggested the importance of a high propensity toward reduction of the flavonol structure and rapid convertibility of the quinone form to the phenol form for the MbO2 reduction and the maintenance of the level of MbO2 produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Inai
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima , Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
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30
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Ríos-González BB, Román-Morales EM, Pietri R, López-Garriga J. Hydrogen sulfide activation in hemeproteins: the sulfheme scenario. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 133:78-86. [PMID: 24513534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally known as a toxic gas, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as an important biological molecule involved in numerous physiological functions. Like nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), H2S is produced endogenously in tissues and cells and can modulate biological processes by acting on target proteins. For example, interaction of H2S with the oxygenated form of human hemoglobin and myoglobin produces a sulfheme protein complex that has been implicated in H2S degradation. The presence of this sulfheme derivative has also been used as a marker for endogenous H2S synthesis and metabolism. Remarkably, human catalases and peroxidases also generate this sulfheme product. In this review, we describe the structural and functional aspects of the sulfheme derivative in these proteins and postulate a generalized mechanism for sulfheme protein formation. We also evaluate the possible physiological function of this complex and highlight the issues that remain to be assessed to determine the role of sulfheme proteins in H2S metabolism, detection and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bessie B Ríos-González
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez 00681-9019, Puerto Rico
| | - Elddie M Román-Morales
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez 00681-9019, Puerto Rico
| | - Ruth Pietri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez 00681-9019, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan López-Garriga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez 00681-9019, Puerto Rico.
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Libardi SH, Pindstrup H, Amigo JM, Cardoso DR, Skibsted LH. Reduction of ferrylmyoglobin by cysteine as affected by pH. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the kinetics and mechanism by which hypervalent heme-iron species formed in the gut may be deactivated by thiols like cysteine and glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. H. Libardi
- Chemistry Institute at São Carlos
- University of São Paulo
- São Carlos, Brazil
| | - H. Pindstrup
- Department of Food Science
- University of Copenhagen
- Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - J. M. Amigo
- Department of Food Science
- University of Copenhagen
- Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - D. R. Cardoso
- Chemistry Institute at São Carlos
- University of São Paulo
- São Carlos, Brazil
| | - L. H. Skibsted
- Department of Food Science
- University of Copenhagen
- Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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32
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Masuda T, Inai M, Miura Y, Masuda A, Yamauchi S. Effect of polyphenols on oxymyoglobin oxidation: prooxidant activity of polyphenols in vitro and inhibition by amino acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1097-1104. [PMID: 23311772 DOI: 10.1021/jf304775x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Effects of various plant phenolics, including polyphenols, on the oxidation of oxymyoglobin were investigated. Most phenolics promoted the oxidation of oxymyoglobin at both pH 5.4 and 7.4. Potent oxidation-promoting activity was observed by several efficient antioxidant polyphenols with a catechol moiety. Therefore, effects of the catechol structure were investigated using dihydrocaffeic acid analogues. The results clarified that ortho- or para-substituted diphenol structures were important for promoting the oxidation of oxymyoglobin. Inhibition of such prooxidant activity for oxymyoglobin by dihydrocaffeic acid was also investigated. Although the required concentration was relatively higher than that of dihydrocaffeic acid, several amino acids inhibited the oxidation. Among these, cysteine was the most potent. Although cysteine alone completely inhibited oxidation at a concentration above 1 mmol/L, 0.1 mmol/L cysteine showed oxidation-promoting activity. In the presence of 0.1 mmol/L dihydrocaffeic acid, in the range of 0.01 mmol/L to 1 mmol/L cysteine, 0.1 mmol/L cysteine showed the most efficient inhibition. These results suggest the possibility of the formation of some equimolar complexes of dihydrocaffeic acid and cysteine such as 5'-cysteinyl dihydrocaffeic acid, which may be produced during the prooxidation of dihydrocaffeic acid, contributing to the inhibition of the oxidation of oxymyoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Masuda
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan.
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VandenBrink BM, Davis JA, Pearson JT, Foti RS, Wienkers LC, Rock DA. Cytochrome P450 Architecture and Cysteine Nucleophile Placement Impact Raloxifene-Mediated Mechanism-Based Inactivation. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:835-42. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.080739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Samuni Y, Samuni U, Goldstein S. The mechanism underlying nitroxyl and nitric oxide formation from hydroxamic acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1560-6. [PMID: 22634736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmacological effects of hydroxamic acids (RC(O)NHOH, HX) are partially attributed to their ability to serve as HNO and/or NO donors under oxidative stress. Given the development and use of HXs as therapeutic agents, elucidation of the oxidation mechanism is needed for more educated selection of HX-based drugs. METHODS Acetohydroxamic and glycine-hydroxamic acids were oxidized at pH 7.0 by a continuous flux of radiolytically generated (·)OH or by metmyoglobin and H(2)O(2) reactions system. Gas chromatography and spectroscopic methods were used to monitor the accumulation of N(2)O, N(2), nitrite and hydroxylamine. RESULTS Oxidation of HXs by (·)OH under anoxia yields N(2)O, but not nitrite, N(2) or hydroxylamine. Upon the addition of H(2)O(2) to solutions containing HX and metmyoglobin, which is instantaneously and continuously converted into compound II, nitrite and, to a lesser extent, N(2)O are accumulated under both anoxia and normoxia. CONCLUSIONS Oxidation of HXs under anoxia by a continuous flux of (·)OH, which solely oxidizes the hydroxamate moiety to RC(O)NHO(·), forms HNO. This observation implies that bimolecular decomposition of RC(O)NHO(·) competes efficiently with unimolecular decomposition processes such as internal disproportionation, hydrolysis or homolysis. Oxidation by metmyoglobin/H(2)O(2) involves relatively mild oxidants (compounds I and II). Compound I reacts with HX forming RC(O)NHO(·) and compound II, which oxidizes HX, RC(O)NHO(·), HNO and NO. The latter reaction is the main source of nitrite. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE HXs under oxidative stress release HNO, but can be considered as NO-donors provided that HNO oxidation is more efficient than its reaction with other biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Samuni
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Brazilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
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35
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Selim NS, Desouky OS, Ismail NM, Dakrory AZ. Spectroscopic analysis of irradiated erythrocytes. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Roche CJ, Malashkevich V, Balazs TC, Dantsker D, Chen Q, Moreira J, Almo SC, Friedman JM, Hirsch RE. Structural and functional studies indicating altered redox properties of hemoglobin E: implications for production of bioactive nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:23452-66. [PMID: 21531715 PMCID: PMC3123109 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.183186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) E (β-Glu26Lys) remains an enigma in terms of its contributions to red blood cell (RBC) pathophysiological mechanisms; for example, EE individuals exhibit a mild chronic anemia, and HbE/β-thalassemia individuals show a range of clinical manifestations, including high morbidity and death, often resulting from cardiac dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate structural and functional consequences of the HbE mutation that might account for the pathophysiology. Functional studies indicate minimal allosteric consequence to both oxygen and carbon monoxide binding properties of the ferrous derivatives of HbE. In contrast, redox-sensitive reactions are clearly impacted as seen in the following: 1) the ∼2.5 times decrease in the rate at which HbE catalyzes nitrite reduction to nitric oxide (NO) relative to HbA, and 2) the accelerated rate of reduction of aquometHbE by L-cysteine (L-Cys). Sol-gel encapsulation studies imply a shift toward a higher redox potential for both the T and R HbE structures that can explain the origin of the reduced nitrite reductase activity of deoxyHbE and the accelerated rate of reduction of aquometHbE by cysteine. Deoxy- and CO HbE crystal structures (derived from crystals grown at or near physiological pH) show loss of hydrogen bonds in the microenvironment of βLys-26 and no significant tertiary conformational perturbations at the allosteric transition sites in the R and T states. Together, these data suggest a model in which the HbE mutation, as a consequence of a relative change in redox properties, decreases the overall rate of Hb-mediated production of bioactive NO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Moreira
- From the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics
| | | | | | - Rhoda Elison Hirsch
- Medicine (Division of Hematology), and
- Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Removal of amino acid, peptide and protein hydroperoxides by reaction with peroxiredoxins 2 and 3. Biochem J 2010; 432:313-21. [PMID: 20840079 DOI: 10.1042/bj20101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Prxs (peroxiredoxins) are a ubiquitous family of cysteine-dependent peroxidases that react rapidly with H2O2 and alkyl hydroperoxides and provide defence against these reactive oxidants. Hydroperoxides are also formed on amino acids and proteins during oxidative stress, and they too are a potential cause of biological damage. We have investigated whether Prxs react with amino acid, peptide and protein hydroperoxides, and whether the reactions are sufficiently rapid for these enzymes to provide antioxidant protection against these oxidants. Isolated Prx2, which is a cytosolic protein, and Prx3, which resides within mitochondria, were reacted with a selection of hydroperoxides generated by γ-radiolysis or singlet oxygen, on free amino acids, peptides and proteins. Reactions were followed by measuring the accumulation of disulfide-linked Prx dimers, via non-reducing SDS/PAGE, or the loss of the corresponding hydroperoxide, using quench-flow and LC (liquid chromatography)/MS. All the hydroperoxides induced rapid oxidation, with little difference in reactivity between Prx2 and Prx3. N-acetyl leucine hydroperoxides reacted with Prx2 with a rate constant of 4 × 10(4) M-1 · s-1. Hydroperoxides present on leucine, isoleucine or tyrosine reacted at a comparable rate, whereas histidine hydroperoxides were ~10-fold less reactive. Hydroperoxides present on lysozyme and BSA reacted with rate constants of ~100 M-1 · s-1. Addition of an uncharged derivative of leucine hydroperoxide to intact erythrocytes caused Prx2 oxidation with no concomitant loss in GSH, as did BSA hydroperoxide when added to concentrated erythrocyte lysate. Prxs are therefore favoured intracellular targets for peptide/protein hydroperoxides and have the potential to detoxify these species in vivo.
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The effect of Fenton’s reactants and aldehydes on the changes of myoglobin from Eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) dark muscle. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Campanali AA, Kwiecien TD, Hryhorczuk L, Kodanko JJ. Oxidation of glutathione by [Fe(IV)(O)(N4Py)](2+): characterization of an [Fe(III)(SG)(N4Py)](2+) intermediate. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:4759-61. [PMID: 20446674 DOI: 10.1021/ic100439n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of glutathione (GSH) oxidation by a nonheme ferryl species has been investigated. The reaction of [Fe(IV)(O)(N4Py)](2+) (1) with GSH in an aqueous solution leads to the rapid formation of a green intermediate, characterized as the low-spin ferric complex [Fe(III)(SG)(N4Py)](2+) (2) by UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies and by high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Intermediate 2 decays to form the final products [Fe(II)(OH(2))(N4Py)](2+) and the disulfide GSSG over time. The overall reaction was fit to a three-step process involving rapid quenching of the ferryl by GSH, followed by the formation and decay of 2, which are both second-order processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. Campanali
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Timothy D. Kwiecien
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Lew Hryhorczuk
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Jeremy J. Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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Harrington JP, Gonzalez Y, Hirsch RE. Redox Concerns in the use of Acellular Hemoglobin-Based Therapeutic Oxygen Carriers: The Role of Plasma Components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10731190009139265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Pietri R, Lewis A, León RG, Casabona G, Kiger L, Yeh SR, Fernandez-Alberti S, Marden MC, Cadilla CL, López-Garriga J. Factors controlling the reactivity of hydrogen sulfide with hemeproteins. Biochemistry 2009; 48:4881-94. [PMID: 19368335 DOI: 10.1021/bi801738j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin I (HbI) from the clam Lucina pectinata is an intriguing hemeprotein that binds and transports H(2)S to sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria to maintain a symbiotic relationship and to protect the mollusk from H(2)S toxicity. Single point mutations at E7, B10, and E11 were introduced into the HbI heme pocket to define the reactivity of sulfide with hemeproteins. The functional and structural properties of mutant and wild-type recombinant proteins were first evaluated using the well-known ferrous CO and O(2) derivatives. The effects of these mutations on the ferric environment were then studied in the metaquo and hydrogen sulfide derivatives. The results obtained with the ferrous HbI mutants show that all the E7 substitutions and the PheB10Tyr mutation influence directly CO and O(2) binding and stability while the B10 and E11 substitutions induce distal structural rearrangements that affect ligand entry and escape indirectly. For the metaquo-GlnE7His, -PheB10Val, -PheB10Leu, and -E11 variants, two individual distal structures are suggested, one of which is associated with H-bonding interactions between the E7 residues and the bound water. Similar H-bonding interactions are invoked for these HbI-H(2)S mutant derivatives and the rHbI, altering in turn sulfide reactivity within these protein samples. This is evident in the resonance Raman spectra of these HbI-H(2)S complexes, which show reduction of heme iron as judged by the appearance of the nu(4) oxidation state marker at 1356 cm(-1), indicative of heme-Fe(II) species. This reduction process depends strongly on distal mutations showing faster reduction for those HbI mutants exhibiting the strongest H-bonding interactions. Overall, the results presented here show that (a) H(2)S association is regulated by external kinetic barriers, (b) H(2)S release is controlled by two competing reactions involving simple sulfide dissociation and heme reduction, (c) at high H(2)S concentrations, reduction of the ferric center dominates, and (d) reduction of the heme is also enhanced in those HbI mutants having polar distal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Pietri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus, P.O. Box 9019, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00681-9019
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Bao H, Ushio H, Ohshima T. Antioxidative Activities of Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) Extract Added to Bigeye Tuna Meat: Dose-Dependent Efficacy and Comparison with Other Biological Antioxidants. J Food Sci 2009; 74:C162-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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43
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Oxidation of myosin by haem proteins generates myosin radicals and protein cross-links. Biochem J 2008; 410:565-74. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20071107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that myosin can be modified by oxidative stress and particularly by activated haem proteins. These reactions have been implicated in changes in the properties of this protein in food samples (changes in meat tenderness and palatability), in human physiology (alteration of myocyte function and force generation) and in disease (e.g. cardiomyopathy, chronic heart failure). The oxidant species, mechanisms of reaction and consequences of these reactions are incompletely characterized. In the present study, the nature of the transient species generated on myosin as a result of the reaction with activated haem proteins (horseradish peroxidase/H2O2 and met-myoglobin/H2O2) has been investigated by EPR spectroscopy and amino-acid consumption, product formation has been characterized by HPLC, and changes in protein integrity have been determined by SDS/PAGE. Multiple radical species have been detected by EPR in both the presence and the absence of spin traps. Evidence has been obtained for the presence of thiyl, tyrosyl and other unidentified radical species on myosin as a result of damage-transfer from oxidized myoglobin or horseradish peroxidase. The generation of thiyl and tyrosyl radicals is consistent with the observed consumption of cysteine and tyrosine residues, the detection of di-tyrosine by HPLC and the detection of both reducible (disulfide bond) and non-reducible cross-links between myosin molecules by SDS/PAGE. The time course of radical formation on myosin, product generation and cross-link induction are consistent with these processes being interlinked. These changes are consistent with the altered function and properties of myosin in muscle tissue exposed to oxidative stress arising from disease or from food processing.
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Khalife KH, Lupidi G. Reduction of hypervalent states of myoglobin and hemoglobin to their ferrous forms by thymoquinone: the role of GSH, NADH and NADPH. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2007; 1780:627-37. [PMID: 18206117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of thymoquinone towards different redox states of hemoglobin and myoglobin in the presence of GSH, NADH, and NADPH was evaluated by optical spectral analysis. Thymoquinone reduces the ferryl forms (HbIV/MbIV) of both met-hemoglobin (HbIII) and met-myoglobin (MbIII) to oxy-hemoglobin (HbIIO2) and oxy-myoglobin (MbIIO2) under physiological conditions. The reaction is mediated by the intermediate quinone forms of TQ, that is, glutathionyl-dihydrothymoquinone (DHTQ-GS) and dihydrothymoquinone (DHTQ), formed from direct interaction of TQ with GSH or NADH (NADPH). In vitro incubation of oxidized human erythrocytes with TQ, DHTQ, and the GSH/TQ mixture reduces the intracellular met-Hb at different rates. In the present study, we report that TQ and its reduced derivatives can also prevent lipid peroxidation induced by the MbFeIII/H2O2 system. In this system, lipid peroxidation is induced by MbIV or a putative MbIV/.MbVI composite; it is plausible that the antioxidant function of TQ derivatives is related to their ability to reduce these oxidizing species. This is of particular biological significance, as natural quinones may participate in reducing processes that lead to recovery of hemoglobin and myoglobin during oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Khalife
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Animal Biology, University of Camerino, Via Camerini 2, 62032 Camerino MC Italy
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Bekhit A, Faustman C. Metmyoglobin reducing activity. Meat Sci 2005; 71:407-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hirota S, Azuma K, Fukuba M, Kuroiwa S, Funasaki N. Heme Reduction by Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Cysteine Mutant Myoglobin under Carbon Monoxide Atmosphere. Biochemistry 2005; 44:10322-7. [PMID: 16042409 DOI: 10.1021/bi0507581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human myoglobin (Mb) possesses a unique cysteine (Cys110), whereas other mammalian Mbs do not. To investigate the effect of a cysteine residue on Mb, we introduced cysteine to various sites on the surface of sperm whale Mb (K56C, V66C, K96C, K102C, A125C, and A144C) by mutation. The cysteines were inserted near the end of alpha-helices, except for V66C, where the cysteine was introduced in the middle of an alpha-helix. Reduction of the heme was observed for each mutant metMb by incubation at 37 degrees C under carbon monoxide atmosphere, which was much faster than reduction of wild-type metMb under the same condition. Heme reduction did not occur significantly under nitrogen or oxygen atmospheres. The rate constant for heme reduction increased for higher mutant Mb concentration, whereas it did not change significantly when the CO concentration was reduced from 100% CO to 50% CO with 50% O(2). The similarity in the rate constants with different CO concentrations indicates that CO stabilizes the reduced heme by coordination to the heme iron. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that mutant Mb dimers were formed by incubation under CO atmosphere but not under air. These dimers were converted back to Mb monomers by an addition of 2-mercaptoethanol, which showed formation of a Mb dimer through a disulfide bond. The rate constant decreased in general as the heme-cysteine distance was increased, although V66C Mb exhibited a very small rate constant. Since V66 is placed in the middle of an alpha-helix, steric hindrance would occur and prevent formation of a dimer when the cysteine residues of two different V66C Mb molecules interact with each other. The rate constants also decreased for K56C and A144C Mbs presumably because of the electrostatic repulsion during dimer formation, since they are relatively charged around the inserted cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Hirota
- Department of Physical Chemistry, 21st Century COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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Byun CH, Koh JM, Kim DK, Park SI, Lee KU, Kim GS. Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in human bone marrow stromal cells. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20:1125-35. [PMID: 15940365 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2004] [Revised: 01/12/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED TNF-alpha is an important mediator of bone loss. In the HS-5 hBMSC, TNF-alpha and H2O2 increased intracellular ROS levels and induced cell apoptosis through activation of caspases, JNK and NF-kappaB. alpha-Lipoic acid prevented these changes induced by TNF-alpha and H2O2, suggesting its potential therapeutic applications in attenuating bone loss. INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress is an important mediator of bone loss. TNF-alpha, which plays a critical role in the bone loss after menopause, has been shown to increase intracellular oxidative stress. Because oxidative stress is associated with cell death, we analyzed the apoptotic effects of TNF-alpha and H2O2 on human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). We also examined the protective effects of an important biological thiol antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA), against TNF-alpha- and H2O2-induced apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the HS-5 hBMSC cell line, we tested whether TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis was mediated by the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptosis was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, trypan blue exclusion assay, quantitation of histone-associated DNA fragments in cytosol, and the activation of caspases. The mechanisms mediating these apoptotic effects were determined by Western blotting and enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Both TNF-alpha and H2O2 increased intracellular ROS levels, reduced total cellular glutathione levels, activated caspases-3, -9, and -8, and enhanced hBMSC apoptosis. The activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-kappaB mediated these apoptotic effects. Pretreatment of cells with alpha-LA prevented these changes induced by TNF-alpha and H2O2. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that TNF-alpha increases intracellular ROS in hBMSC and that TNF-alpha and H2O2 induce apoptosis in hBMSC through the activation of JNK and NF-kappaB. Our findings also suggest that alpha-LA may have therapeutic applications in halting or attenuating bone loss associated with increased oxidative stress.
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Maritim AC, Sanders RA, Watkins JB. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on biomarkers of oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nutr Biochem 2003; 14:288-94. [PMID: 12832033 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(03)00036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms are important factors in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus and other oxidant-related diseases. This study was designed to determine whether alpha-lipoic acid, which has been shown to have substantial antioxidant properties, when administered (10 mg/kg ip) once daily for 14 days to normal and diabetic female Sprague-Dawley rats would prevent diabetes-induced changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress in liver, kidney and heart. Serum glucose concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and glycated hemoglobin levels, which were increased in diabetes, were not significantly altered by alpha-lipoic acid treatment. Normal rats treated with a high dose of alpha-lipoic acid (50 mg/kg) survived but diabetic rats on similar treatment died during the course of the experiment. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was increased in livers of normal rats treated with alpha-lipoic acid, but decreased in diabetic rats after alpha-lipoic acid treatment. Hepatic catalase activity was decreased in both normal and diabetic rats after alpha-lipoic acid treatment. Concentrations of reduced glutathione and glutathione disulfide in liver were increased after alpha-lipoic acid treatment of normal rats, but were not altered in diabetics. In kidney, glutathione peroxidase activity was elevated in diabetic rats, and in both normal and diabetic animals after alpha-lipoic acid treatment. Superoxide dismutase activity in heart was decreased in diabetic rats but normalized after treatment with alpha-lipoic acid; other cardiac enzyme activities were not influenced by either diabetes or antioxidant treatment. These results suggest that after 14 days of treatment with an appropriate pharmacological dose, alpha-lipoic acid may reduce oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats, perhaps by modulating the thiol status of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Maritim
- Moi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya
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Abstract
A number of cellular systems cooperate in redox regulation, providing metabolic responses according to changes in the oxidation (or reduction) of the redox active components of a cell. Key systems of central metabolism, such as the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes, are important participants in redox regulation, because their function is controlled by the NADH/NAD+ ratio and the complex-bound dihydrolipoate/lipoate ratio. Redox state of the complex-bound lipoate is an indicator of the availability of the reaction substrates (2-oxo acid, CoA and NAD+) and thiol-disulfide status of the medium. Accumulation of the dihydrolipoate intermediate causes inactivation of the first enzyme of the complexes. With the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase, the phosphorylation system is involved in the lipoate-dependent regulation, whereas mammalian 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase exhibits a higher sensitivity to direct regulation by the complex-bound dihydrolipoate/lipoate and external SH/S-S, including mitochondrial thioredoxin. Thioredoxin efficiently protects the complexes from self-inactivation during catalysis at low NAD+. As a result, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex may provide succinyl-CoA for phosphorylation of GDP and ADP under conditions of restricted NAD+ availability. This may be essential upon accumulation of NADH and exhaustion of the pyridine nucleotide pool. Concomitantly, thioredoxin stimulates the complex-bound dihydrolipoate-dependent production of reactive oxygen species. It is suggested that this side-effect of the 2-oxo acid oxidation at low NAD+in vivo would be overcome by cooperation of mitochondrial thioredoxin and the thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase, SP-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Bunik
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Russia.
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Chen HJC, Chang CM, Chen YM. Hemoprotein-mediated reduction of nitrated DNA bases in the presence of reducing agents. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 34:254-68. [PMID: 12521607 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA damages by reactive nitrogen oxide species may contribute to the multistage carcinogenesis processes associated with chronic infections and inflammation. The nitrated DNA adducts 8-nitroguanine (8NG) and 8-nitroxanthine (8NX) have been shown to derive from these reactive nitrogen oxide species, but they are not stable in DNA since they undergo spontaneous depurination. We herein report that hemin and hemoproteins, including hemoglobin and cytochrome c, mediate reduction of 8NG and 8NX to their corresponding amino analogues in the presence of reducing agents under physiologically relevant conditions. This reaction is believed to involve the reduced heme moiety produced from the reduction of oxidized hemoglobin or cytochrome c by reducing agents. The combination of hemoglobin and dihydrolipoic acid generated the reduced products in high yields. Ascorbate, quercetin, and glutathione are also capable of reducing these nitrated DNA adducts. The hemoglobin macromolecule reduces 8NG and 8NX formed in nitryl chloride-treated calf thymus DNA, as evidenced by the formation of the amino adducts using reversed-phase HPLC with photodiode array detection. Hemin is more efficient than equal molar of heme on hemoglobin in reducing 8NG-containing DNA, indicating the role of protein in impeding the reaction. Furthermore, we also show that the reduction product 8-aminoguanine is persistent on DNA. These findings suggest that reduction of nitrated DNA by the heme/antioxidant system might represent a possible in vivo pathway to modify DNA nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauh Jyun Candy Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
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