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Mahmoudi A, Jamialahmadi T, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Impact of fenofibrate on NAFLD/NASH: A genetic perspective. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2363-2372. [PMID: 35569762 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), caused by an accumulation of fat deposits in hepatocytes, prevalently affects at least one-third of the world's population. The progression of this disorder can potentially include a spectrum of consecutive stages, specifically: steatosis, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Fenofibrate exhibits potential therapeutic efficacy for NAFLD owing to several properties, which include antioxidant, apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity. In the present review, we discuss the direct or indirect impact of fenofibrate on genes involved at various stages in the progression of NAFLD. Moreover, we have reviewed studies that compare fenofibrate with other drugs in treating NAFLD, as well as recent clinical trials, in an attempt to identify reliable scientific and clinical evidence concerning the therapeutic effects and benefits of fenofibrate on NAFLD. Teaser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Martin GG, Huang H, McIntosh AL, Kier AB, Schroeder F. Endocannabinoid Interaction with Human FABP1: Impact of the T94A Variant. Biochemistry 2017; 56:5147-5159. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G. Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, United States
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, United States
| | - Avery L. McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, United States
| | - Ann B. Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467, United States
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, United States
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Schroeder F, McIntosh AL, Martin GG, Huang H, Landrock D, Chung S, Landrock KK, Dangott LJ, Li S, Kaczocha M, Murphy EJ, Atshaves BP, Kier AB. Fatty Acid Binding Protein-1 (FABP1) and the Human FABP1 T94A Variant: Roles in the Endocannabinoid System and Dyslipidemias. Lipids 2016; 51:655-76. [PMID: 27117865 PMCID: PMC5408584 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The first discovered member of the mammalian FABP family, liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1, L-FABP), occurs at high cytosolic concentration in liver, intestine, and in the case of humans also in kidney. While the rat FABP1 is well studied, the extent these findings translate to human FABP1 is not clear-especially in view of recent studies showing that endocannabinoids and cannabinoids represent novel rat FABP1 ligands and FABP1 gene ablation impacts the hepatic endocannabinoid system, known to be involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) development. Although not detectable in brain, FABP1 ablation nevertheless also impacts brain endocannabinoids. Despite overall tertiary structure similarity, human FABP1 differs significantly from rat FABP1 in secondary structure, much larger ligand binding cavity, and affinities/specificities for some ligands. Moreover, while both mouse and human FABP1 mediate ligand induction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα), they differ markedly in pattern of genes induced. This is critically important because a highly prevalent human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (26-38 % minor allele frequency and 8.3 ± 1.9 % homozygous) results in a FABP1 T94A substitution that further accentuates these species differences. The human FABP1 T94A variant is associated with altered body mass index (BMI), clinical dyslipidemias (elevated plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol), atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Resolving human FABP1 and the T94A variant's impact on the endocannabinoid and cannabinoid system is an exciting challenge due to the importance of this system in hepatic lipid accumulation as well as behavior, pain, inflammation, and satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA.
| | - Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Gregory G Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Sarah Chung
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Lawrence J Dangott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - Shengrong Li
- Avanti Polar Lipids, 700 Industrial Park Dr., Alabaster, AL, 35007-9105, USA
| | - Martin Kaczocha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Eric J Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics and Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202-9037, USA
| | - Barbara P Atshaves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
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Expression Pattern of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins in Celiac Disease Enteropathy. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:738563. [PMID: 26346822 PMCID: PMC4540995 DOI: 10.1155/2015/738563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy that develops in genetically susceptible individuals following exposure to dietary gluten. Severe changes at the intestinal mucosa observed in untreated CD patients are linked to changes in the level and in the pattern of expression of different genes. Fully differentiated epithelial cells express two isoforms of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs): intestinal and liver, IFABP and LFABP, respectively. These proteins bind and transport long chain fatty acids and also have other important biological roles in signaling pathways, particularly those related to PPARγ and inflammatory processes. Herein, we analyze the serum levels of IFABP and characterize the expression of both FABPs at protein and mRNA level in small intestinal mucosa in severe enteropathy and normal tissue. As a result, we observed higher levels of circulating IFABP in untreated CD patients compared with controls and patients on gluten-free diet. In duodenal mucosa a differential FABPs expression pattern was observed with a reduction in mRNA levels compared to controls explained by the epithelium loss in severe enteropathy. In conclusion, we report changes in FABPs' expression pattern in severe enteropathy. Consequently, there might be alterations in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory process in the small intestinal mucosa.
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Orito W, Ohhira F, Ogasawara M. Gene expression profiles of FABP genes in protochordates, Ciona intestinalis and Branchiostoma belcheri. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:331-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Alvite G, Garrido N, Kun A, Paulino M, Esteves A. Towards an understanding of Mesocestoides vogae fatty acid binding proteins' roles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111204. [PMID: 25347286 PMCID: PMC4210247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two fatty acid binding proteins, MvFABPa and MvFABPb were identified in the parasite Mesocestoides vogae (Platyhelmithes, Cestoda). Fatty acid binding proteins are small intracellular proteins whose members exhibit great diversity. Proteins of this family have been identified in many organisms, of which Platyhelminthes are among the most primitive. These proteins have particular relevance in flatworms since de novo synthesis of fatty acids is absent. Fatty acids should be captured from the media needing an efficient transport system to uptake and distribute these molecules. While HLBPs could be involved in the shuttle of fatty acids to the surrounding host tissues and convey them into the parasite, FABPs could be responsible for the intracellular trafficking. In an effort to understand the role of MvFABPs in fatty acid transport of M. vogae larvae, we analysed the intracellular localization of both MvFABPs and the co-localization with in vivo uptake of fatty acid analogue BODIPY FL C16. Immunohistochemical studies on larvae sections using specific antibodies, showed a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution of each protein with some expression in nuclei and mitochondria. MvFABPs distribution was confirmed by mass spectrometry identification from 2D-electrophoresis of larvae subcellular fractions. This work is the first report showing intracellular distribution of MvFABPs as well as the co-localization of these proteins with the BODIPY FL C16 incorporated from the media. Our results suggest that fatty acid binding proteins could target fatty acids to cellular compartments including nuclei. In this sense, M. vogae FABPs could participate in several cellular processes fulfilling most of the functions attributed to vertebrate's counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alvite
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Garrido
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Kun
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Margot Paulino
- Centro de Bioinformática Estructural-DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Esteves
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Martin GG, McIntosh AL, Huang H, Gupta S, Atshaves BP, Landrock KK, Landrock D, Kier AB, Schroeder F. The human liver fatty acid binding protein T94A variant alters the structure, stability, and interaction with fibrates. Biochemistry 2013; 52:9347-57. [PMID: 24299557 PMCID: PMC3930105 DOI: 10.1021/bi401014k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the human liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) T94A variant arises from the most commonly occurring single-nucleotide polymorphism in the entire FABP family, there is a complete lack of understanding regarding the role of this polymorphism in human disease. It has been hypothesized that the T94A substitution results in the complete loss of ligand binding ability and function analogous to that seen with L-FABP gene ablation. This possibility was addressed using the recombinant human wild-type (WT) T94T and T94A variant L-FABP and cultured primary human hepatocytes. Nonconservative replacement of the medium-sized, polar, uncharged T residue with a smaller, nonpolar, aliphatic A residue at position 94 of the human L-FABP significantly increased the L-FABP α-helical structure content at the expense of β-sheet content and concomitantly decreased the thermal stability. T94A did not alter the binding affinities for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist ligands (phytanic acid, fenofibrate, and fenofibric acid). While T94A did not alter the impact of phytanic acid and only slightly altered that of fenofibrate on the human L-FABP secondary structure, the active metabolite fenofibric acid altered the T94A secondary structure much more than that of the WT T94T L-FABP. Finally, in cultured primary human hepatocytes, the T94A variant exhibited a significantly reduced extent of fibrate-mediated induction of PPARα-regulated proteins such as L-FABP, FATP5, and PPARα itself. Thus, while the T94A substitution did not alter the affinity of the human L-FABP for PPARα agonist ligands, it significantly altered the human L-FABP structure, stability, and conformational and functional response to fibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G. Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4466
| | - Avery L. McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4466
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4466
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Barbara P. Atshaves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Kerstin K. Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4467
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4467
| | - Ann B. Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4467
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4466
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Esteves A, Paulino Zunini M. In silicostudies ofEchinococcus granulosusFABPs. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 31:224-39. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.698246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Karanth S, Denovan-Wright EM, Thisse C, Thisse B, Wright JM. Tandem duplication of the fabp1b gene and subsequent divergence of the tissue-specific distribution of fabp1b.1 and fabp1b.2 transcripts in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Genome 2010; 52:985-92. [PMID: 19953126 DOI: 10.1139/g09-071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a fatty acid-binding protein 1 (fabp1b.2) gene and its tissue-specific expression in zebrafish embryos and adults. The 3.5 kb zebrafish fabp1b.2 gene is the paralog of the previously described zebrafish fabp1a and fabp1b genes. Using the LN54 radiation hybrid mapping panel, we assigned the zebrafish fabp1b.2 gene to linkage group 8, the same linkage group to which fabp1b.1 was mapped. fabp1b.1 and fabp1b.2 appear to have arisen by a tandem duplication event. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of a riboprobe to embryos and larvae detected fabp1b.2 transcripts in the diencephalon and as spots in the periphery of the yolk sac. In adult zebrafish, in situ hybridization revealed fabp1b.2 transcripts in the anterior intestine and skin, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) detected fabp1b.2 transcripts in the intestine, brain, heart, ovary, skin, and eye. By contrast, fabp1b.1 transcripts were detected by RT-PCR in the liver, intestine, heart, testis, ovary, and gills. The tissue-specific distribution of transcripts for the tandemly duplicated fabp1b.1 and fabp1b.2 genes in adult tissues and during development suggests that the duplicated fabp1b genes of zebrafish have acquired additional functions compared with the ancestral fabp1 gene, i.e., by neofunctionalization. Furthermore, these functions were subsequently divided between fabp1b.1 and fabp1b.2 owing to subfunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Karanth
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada
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Jiang YZ, Li XW, Yang GX. Sequence characterization, tissue-specific expression and polymorphism of the porcine (Sus scrofa) liver-type fatty acid binding protein gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 33:598-606. [PMID: 16875317 DOI: 10.1016/s0379-4172(06)60089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the full-length cDNA of porcine liver-type fatty acid binding protein gene (L-FABP) was obtained by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The nucleotide sequence and the predicted protein sequence share a high sequence identity with their mammalian counterparts. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that porcine L-FABP gene is expressed in all twelve tissues studied, but a transcript is more abundant in liver and small intestine than in other tissues. The part genomic DNA of the porcine L-FABP gene was amplified by PCR. The coding region of the pig L-FABP gene is organized in four exons and spans an approximate 2.62 kb genomic region. Comparative sequencing of four pig breeds revealed a C-->T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within exon 2. The allele and genotype frequencies differed significantly between indigenous Chinese Zang, Dahe, and Yanan pigs with higher frequencies of allele C and genotype CC and Yorkshire pigs with higher frequencies of allele T and genotype TT (P < 0.01). The association analysis suggested that the C-->T polymorphism was associated with intramuscular fat content, indicating that the SNP is a potential molecular marker for intramuscular fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhi Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya' an 625014, China.
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Karanth S, Denovan-Wright EM, Thisse C, Thisse B, Wright JM. The evolutionary relationship between the duplicated copies of the zebrafish fabp11 gene and the tetrapod FABP4, FABP5, FABP8 and FABP9 genes. FEBS J 2008; 275:3031-40. [PMID: 18445037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe the structure of a fatty acid-binding protein 11 (fabp11b) gene and its tissue-specific expression in zebrafish. The 3.4 kb zebrafish fabp11b is the paralog of the previously described zebrafish fabp11a, with a deduced amino acid sequence for Fabp11B exhibiting 65% identity with that of Fabp11A. Whole mount in situ hybridization of a riboprobe to embryos and larvae showed that zebrafish fabp11b transcripts were restricted solely to the retina and were first detected at 24 h postfertilization. In situ hybridization revealed fabp11b transcripts along the spinal cord in adult zebrafish. However, the highly sensitive RT-PCR assay detected fabp11b transcripts in the brain, heart, ovary and eye in adult tissues. By contrast, fabp11a transcripts had been previously detected in the liver, brain, heart, testis, muscle, ovary and skin of adult zebrafish. Using the LN54 radiation hybrid panel, we assigned zebrafish fabp11b to linkage group 16. Phylogenetic analysis and conserved gene synteny with tetrapod genes indicated that the emergence of two copies of fabp11 in the zebrafish genome may have resulted from a fish-specific whole genome duplication event. Furthermore, we propose that the FABP4-FABP5-FABP8-FABP9 (PERF15) gene cluster on a single chromosome in the tetrapod genome and the fabp11 genes in the zebrafish genome originated from a common ancestral gene, which, following their divergence, gave rise to the fabp11 genes of zebrafish, and the progenitor of the FABP4, FABP5, FABP8 and FABP9 genes in tetrapods after the separation of the fish and tetrapod lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Karanth
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Guariento M, Raimondo D, Assfalg M, Zanzoni S, Pesente P, Ragona L, Tramontano A, Molinari H. Identification and functional characterization of the bile acid transport proteins in non-mammalian ileum and mammalian liver. Proteins 2008; 70:462-72. [PMID: 17705270 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that intracellular carrier proteins mediate active transport of the bile acids within hepatocytes and ileocytes, during the enterohepatic circulation. In mammalian species only ileal bile acid binding proteins have been so far identified, while liver cytosolic carriers have never been found. On the contrary, in non-mammalian vertebrates, only liver, and not ileal, bile acid binding proteins were reported. The aim of the present work is to find the missing cytosolic transport proteins. A bioinformatic search allowed us to identify a non-mammalian putative bile acid binding protein in the chicken ileum (cI-BABP), which we recombinantly expressed and purified. The protein exhibits the capability, tested by in vitro NMR experiments, of binding bile acids. Furthermore, strong NMR evidence reported that the human liver fatty acid binding protein (hL-FABP) can also bind bile acids. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that both cI-BABP and hL-FABP have a bile acid binding function in the two organisms, and support a previous hypothesis on the role of hL-FABP in regulating bile acid metabolism and determining bile acid pool size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Guariento
- Dipartimento Scientifico e Tecnologico, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Teratani T, Domoto T, Kuriki K, Kageyama T, Takayama T, Ishikawa A, Ozono S, Nozawa R. Detection of Transcript for Brain-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein in Tumor and Urine of Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urology 2007; 69:236-40. [PMID: 17320655 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the gene expression patterns of fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) and evaluate it as a potential marker for the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC is the most common renal neoplasm. METHODS The expression of eight FABP genes in normal human tissues, tumor cell lines, and surgically resected RCC tissues (n = 54) was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the gene expression of FABPs in the urine of healthy volunteers (n = 12) and patients with RCC (n = 5) was investigated. RESULTS In these results, the carcinoma tissues but not the noncancerous (normal) parts of the kidney samples resected from patients with RCC expressed the transcript for brain-type FABP (B-FABP), indicating that expression of the B-FABP gene is a novel marker for RCC. Furthermore, the B-FABP cDNA fragment was not amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the urine samples of healthy donors or patients with RCC after surgical operation. However, B-FABP cDNA was amplified in the patients' urine samples collected before surgery. CONCLUSIONS This novel method can be used as a powerful ancillary in the diagnosis of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Teratani
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, University of Shizuoka Graduate School of Health Science, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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Bordewick U, Schulenberg H, Schäfer P, Spener F. Recognition of Fatty Acids by Hepatic Fatty Acid Binding Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19860881411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Rajaraman G, Wang GQ, Yan J, Jiang P, Gong Y, Burczynski FJ. Role of cytosolic liver fatty acid binding protein in hepatocellular oxidative stress: effect of dexamethasone and clofibrate treatment. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 295:27-34. [PMID: 16924418 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presence of cysteine and methionine groups together with an ability to bind long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation products makes liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) an attractive candidate against hepatocellular oxidative stress. In this report, we show that pharmacological treatment directed at modulating L-FABP level affected hepatocellular oxidant status. L-FABP expressing 1548-hepatoma cells, treated with dexamethasone or clofibrate, decreased and increased intracellular L-FABP levels, respectively. Oxidative stress was induced by H2O2 incubation or hypoxia-reoxygenation. The fluorescent marker, dichlorofluorescein (DCF), was employed to measure intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hepatocellular damage was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in a significant increase in DCF fluorescence with higher LDH release compared to control cells. Clofibrate treatment, however, resulted in a significant decrease in both parameters (p<0.05). Drug treatments did not affect cytosolic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), or catalase suggesting that the differences between treated and control cells may likely be associated with varying L-FABP levels. We conclude that L-FABP may act as an effective endogenous cytoprotectant against hepatocellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rajaraman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Harano Y, Yasui K, Toyama T, Nakajima T, Mitsuyoshi H, Mimani M, Hirasawa T, Itoh Y, Okanoue T. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist, reduces hepatic steatosis and lipid peroxidation in fatty liver Shionogi mice with hereditary fatty liver. Liver Int 2006; 26:613-20. [PMID: 16762007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The fatty liver Shionogi (FLS) mouse, a unique model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is an inbred strain that develops spontaneous hepatic steatosis without obesity or diabetes mellitus. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha controls fatty acid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effect of fenofibrate, a PPARalpha agonist, on hepatic steatosis in FLS mice. METHODS Thirteen-week-old FLS mice were fed a diet with 0.1% fenofibrate (w/w) for 12 days. The degree of hepatic steatosis was estimated by histological examination and hepatic triglyceride levels. Expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid turnover, including Acox1, Cpt1a, Fabp1, Acadl, and Acadm, were determined by Northern blot analyses. We measured levels of lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and anti-oxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, in the liver. RESULT Treatment of FLS mice with fenofibrate improved hepatic steatosis by activating expression of genes involved in fatty acid turnover and decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation. Fenofibrate increased the activity of catalase by upregulating its mRNA levels. CONCLUSION Fenofibrate, which is currently used in therapy of hyperlipidemia, might also be useful for treating patients with NAFLD even in cases where NAFLD is not associated with obesity or diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Harano
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Esteves A, Ehrlich R. Invertebrate intracellular fatty acid binding proteins. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 142:262-274. [PMID: 16423563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Revised: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 10/30/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding proteins are multigenic cytosolic proteins largely distributed along the zoological scale. Their overall identity at primary and tertiary structure is conserved. They are involved in the uptake and transport of hydrophobic ligands to different cellular fates. The precise functions of each FABP type remain imperfectly understood, since sub-specialization of functions is suggested. Evolutionary studies have distinguished major subfamilies that could have been derived from a common ancestor close to vertebrate/invertebrate split. Since the isolation of the first invertebrate FABP from Schistocerca gregaria in 1990, the number of FABPs isolated from invertebrates has been increasing. Differences at the sequence level are appreciable and relationships with vertebrate FABPs are not clear, and lesser among invertebrate proteins, introducing some uncertainty to infer functional relatedness and phylogenetic relationships. The objective of this review is to summarize the information available on invertebrate FABPs to elucidate their mutual relationships, the relationship with their vertebrate counterparts and putative functions. Structure, gene structure, putative functions, expression studies and phylogenetic relationships with vertebrate counterparts are analyzed. Previous suggestions of the ancestral position concerning the heart-type of FABPs are reinforced by evidence from invertebrate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Esteves
- Sección Bioquímica, Dpto. de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ricardo Ehrlich
- Sección Bioquímica, Dpto. de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Montevideo, Uruguay
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Kawamura T, Kanno R, Fujii H, Suzuki T. Expression of liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein, fatty acid synthase and vascular endothelial growth factor in human lung carcinoma. Pathobiology 2006; 72:233-40. [PMID: 16374067 DOI: 10.1159/000089417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A key enzyme of fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid synthase (FAS), is expressed in human cancers, including squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung, and long-chain fatty acids are intracellularly transported and/or taken up from blood by fatty-acid-binding proteins (FABPs). Since the liver-type (L-) FABP, a member of the FABPs, is detected in a subset of gastric adenocarcinomas, the expression of FAS, L-FABP and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was investigated in human lung carcinomas to elucidate the mechanisms of production and transportation of fatty acid(s) in cancer. METHODS Expression of L-FABP, FAS and VEGF in 199 surgically resected lung carcinomas was examined immunohistochemically. Possible associations of the expression of each protein with major clinicopathological factors were analyzed. RESULTS L-FABP was detected in 60% (120 of 199) of the lung carcinoma cases; detection was increased in large-cell carcinoma (80%) and adenosquamous carcinoma (83%), but low in squamous-cell carcinoma (47%) and in small-cell carcinoma (57%). Overall expression of FAS was 67.3% (134 of 199 cases) and that of VEGF was 86.8% (158 of 199 cases), respectively. Expression of L-FABP was not correlated with the FAS status, but there was a tendency to co-expression of L-FABP and VEGF. There was no association between L-FABP, FAS or VEGF expression and clinicopathological data. CONCLUSIONS L-FABP, FAS and VEGF are highly expressed in human lung cancer, and expression of L-FABP is associated with that of VEGF but not that of FAS, suggesting that L-FABP might be involved in the uptake of fatty acid(s) from the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kawamura
- Department of Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Piumngam P, Schachtrup C, Owada Y, Kondo H, Promptmas C, Spener F. Expression of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein in murine lung and its release into serum upon challenge of lung with lipopolysaccharide. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200501133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Dooley TP, Curto EV, Reddy SP, Davis RL, Lambert GW, Wilborn TW, Elson CO. Regulation of gene expression in inflammatory bowel disease and correlation with IBD drugs: screening by DNA microarrays. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004; 10:1-14. [PMID: 15058520 DOI: 10.1097/00054725-200401000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Potential biomarkers for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified from two sets of full thickness pathologic samples utilizing DermArray and PharmArray DNA microarrays relative to uninvolved (Un) colon or normal colon. Seven of the over-expressed genes were verified using quantitative RT-PCR (i.e., TMPT, FABP1, IFI27, LCN2, COL11A2, HXB, and metallothionein). By correlating gene expression profiles between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) tissue samples and IBD drug-treated cell cultures it might be possible to identify new candidate molecular target genes for IBD therapy and drug discovery. Potential biomarkers for CaCo2 cell cultures, which are routinely used as a GI tract surrogate model for in vitro pharmacokinetic studies, treated with azathioprine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, metronidazole, and prednisone were also identified from another experiment. Metallothionein mRNA expression was found to be down-regulated in azathioprine-treated CaCo2 cells, and was coincidentally up-regulated in the CD sample, thus resulting in an anti-correlation. These results suggest that this new screening methodology is feasible, that metallothioneins might be biomarkers for azathioprine therapy in vivo in CD, and that azathioprine might mechanistically down-regulate metallothionein gene expression. Correlations were also observed between IBD samples and either metronidazole- or 5-aminosalicylic acid-treated CaCo2 cells. Similar comparisons of disease tissue samples in vivo vs drug-treated cell cultures in vitro might reveal new mechanistic insights concerning established or experimental drug therapies. This affordable in vitro methodology is promising for expanded studies of IBD and other diseases.
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Serrero G, Frolov A, Schroeder F, Tanaka K, Gelhaar L. Adipose differentiation related protein: expression, purification of recombinant protein in Escherichia coli and characterization of its fatty acid binding properties. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1488:245-54. [PMID: 11082534 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adipose differentiation related protein (ADRP) is a 53 kDa protein encoded by a cDNA originally cloned by differential hybridization from murine adipocytes. ADRP is induced during the early onset of the adipose differentiation program and is expressed at high level in mature adipocytes. We have demonstrated that ADRP stimulated the uptake of fatty acids thereby providing evidence for a functional role of ADRP in lipid metabolism. In the present paper, the murine ADRP has been expressed as a recombinant histidine-tagged protein in Escherichia coli, and purified from expressing cultures in order to examine its biochemical properties. We report here that the purified recombinant ADRP binds fatty acids and exhibits stoichiometric saturable binding of NBD-stearic acid with a K(d)=0.145+/-0.003 microM and a B(max)=0.99+/-0.05. Analysis of fluorescence emission spectra indicates that the polarity of the ADRP binding site is near epsilon approximately 23, close to that observed for fatty acid binding sites in other lipid binding proteins such as the liver fatty acid binding protein. The data presented here provide evidence that isolated ADRP purified in the experimental conditions described here can be used for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Serrero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201-1180, USA.
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22
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Cavagnari BM, Tatián M, Sahade RJ, Esnal GB, Santomé JA. A fatty acid-binding protein and a protein disulphide isomerase-related protein expressed in urochordate gonad cytosol. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2000; 32:769-77. [PMID: 10856707 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(00)00014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the evolutionary-tree data suggesting that gene duplication leading to the divergence of the three branches which heart, liver and intestinal fatty acid-binding proteins belong to must have occurred before the vertebrate/invertebrate split, only the heart fatty acid-binding protein has been reported for invertebrates. In an attempt to shed light on this apparent inconsistency the presence of the other two branch members was investigated in the Urochordata Molgula pedunculata, an ascidian species close to vertebrates. The mantle-, gonad- and digestive tube-cytosolic fractions, obtained by centrifugation at 106,000 g, were incubated separately with [1-(14)C]palmitic acid and then fractionated on a Sephadex G-75 column. In the case of gonads and digestive tube, radioactive peaks corresponding to a molecular mass of 14-16 kDa, characteristic of fatty acid-binding proteins, were detected. When the experiment was performed on the mantle, this peak showing fatty acid binding capacity was absent. Western Blot of the radioactive 14-16 kDa Sephadex fraction from the urochordate gonad cross-reacted with rat liver fatty acid-binding protein anti-serum but did not do so with anti-rat intestinal, adipocyte or heart fatty acid-binding protein antisera. The material from the digestive tube was not recognized by any of the antisera. The most abundant protein in said 14-16 kDa fraction was a protein disulphide isomerase-related protein. Its partial amino acid sequence was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Cavagnari
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, UBA-CONICET, Junin 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Di Pietro SM, Veerkamp JH, Santomé JA. Isolation, amino acid sequence determination and binding properties of two fatty-acid-binding proteins from axolotl (Ambistoma mexicanum) liver. Evolutionary relationship. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 259:127-34. [PMID: 9914484 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Up until now, the primary structure of fatty-acid-binding proteins (FABPs) from the livers of four mammalian (rat, human, cow and pig) and three nonmammalian (chicken, catfish and iguana) species has been determined. Based on amino acid sequence comparisons, it has been suggested that mammalian and nonmammalian liver FABPs may be paralogous proteins that originated by gene duplication, rather than as a consequence of mutations of the same gene. In this paper we report the isolation and amino acid sequence determination of two FABPs from axolotl (Ambistoma mexicanum) liver. One of them is similar to mammalian liver FABPs (L-FABPs) and the other to chicken, catfish and iguana liver FABPs (Lb-FABPs). The finding of both L-FABP and Lb-FABP in a single species, as reported here, indicates that they are paralogous proteins. The time of divergence of these two liver FABP types is estimated to be of approximately 694 million years ago. The ligand-binding properties of axolotl liver FABPs were studied by means of parinaric-acid-binding and parinaric-acid-displacement assays. L-FABP binds two fatty acids per molecule but Lb-FABP displays a fatty-acid-conformation-dependent binding stoichiometry; L-FABP shows a higher affinity for fatty acids, especially oleic acid, while Lb-FABP has a higher affinity for other hydrophobic ligands, especially retinoic acid. In addition, the tissue-expression pattern is different, L-FABP is present in liver and intestinal mucosa while the expression of Lb-FABP is restricted to liver. Data indicate distinct functional properties of both liver FABP types.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Di Pietro
- Instituto Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Facultad de Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argintina
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24
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Vorum H, Madsen P, Svendsen I, Cells JE, Honoré B. Expression of recombinant psoriasis-associated fatty acid binding protein in Escherichia coli: gel electrophoretic characterization, analysis of binding properties and comparison with human serum albumin. Electrophoresis 1998; 19:1793-802. [PMID: 9719561 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150191042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The psoriasis-associated fatty acid binding protein (PA-FABP, also known as FABP5) is a novel keratinocyte protein that is highly up-regulated in psoriatic plaques (P. Madsen, H. H. Rasmussen, H. Leffers, B. Honoré and J. E. Celis, J. Invest. Dermatol. 1992, 99, 299-305). Here we have expressed PA-FABP in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein containing an NH2-terminal hexa-His tag followed by a factor Xa cleavage site. The recombinant protein was expressed at a level of about 30% of the soluble proteins and was purified to homogeneity using a simple two-step protocol consisting of affinity chromatography on Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose followed by gel filtration. The recombinant protein was then digested with factor Xa and characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The ability of PA-FABP to bind saturated fatty acids ranging from 6 to 16 carbons was determined directly by dialysis and compared to human serum albumin (HSA). The results showed that PA-FABP binds multiple molecules of the fatty acids hexanoate (C6:0), octanoate (C8:0), decanoate (C10:0) and laurate (C12:0), all with a K1 of about 10(4) M(-l), and myristate (C14:0) with a K1 of 4.4 X 10(5) M(-l). Palmitate (C16:0) also bound strongly with multiple molecules. Due to the very low solubility of palmitate its affinity to PA-FABP was measured relatively to HSA and found to be 8.1 times lower. At ligand/protein ratios below 1, all fatty acids bound to PA-FABP with about one to three orders of magnitude lower affinity than to HSA. The difference in the fatty acid binding properties of the two proteins may reflect differences in their three-dimensional structures, which in the case of PA-FABP consists mainly of beta-sheets while HSA contains predominantly alpha-helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vorum
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Danish Centre for Human Genome Research, University of Aarhus
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25
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Esteves A, Joseph L, Paulino M, Ehrlich R. Remarks on the phylogeny and structure of fatty acid binding proteins from parasitic platyhelminths. Int J Parasitol 1997; 27:1013-23. [PMID: 9363483 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(97)00071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Four fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) have been described in 4 parasitic platyhelminths: Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, Fasciola hepatica and Echinococcus granulosus. FABPs form a multigenic family of cytosolic proteins widely distributed in metazoan tissues, the function of which is still poorly understood. These helminth proteins have recently received attention, since there are reports to indicate that S. mansoni and F. hepatica FABPs may be protective antigens. In addition, these proteins could play a major role in the parasites' life-cycles because platyhelminths are unable to synthesize de novo most of their lipids. We have undertaken phylogenetic and structural analyses of platyhelminth FABPs in an attempt to characterize features of biological relevance. Phylogenetically, these FABPs appear to be more closely related to those of vertebrate heart, mammary gland, muscle, retina, skin, brain and myelin, although no clear functional relationships were established between them. We describe several conserved motifs characteristic of specific groups of FABPs. Hydrophilicity, flexibility and accessibility analyses revealed several major putative epitopes for the E. granulosus FABP, EgDf1, that appear to be centred in loops of the EgDf1 3-dimensional structure modelled by molecular replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Esteves
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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26
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Cavagnari BM, Córdoba OL, Affanni JM, Santomé JA. Purification and partial structural characterization of a fatty acid-binding protein from the liver of the South American armadillo Chaetophractus villosus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1997; 118:173-80. [PMID: 9418007 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(97)00052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) from armadillo liver was purified to homogeneity by a procedure involving gel filtration and two anion exchange chromatography steps. The purified protein proved to have a pI between 5.0 and 5.2 and migrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrilamyde gel electrophoresis as a single entity of approximately 14 kDa. The armadillo FABP cross-reacted with antiserum against rat liver FABP but not against rat intestinal FABP. The same as other members of the family, it has a blocked N-terminus. Amino acid sequencing of peptides obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage and in-gel tryptic digestion shows that the armadillo, despite being one of the less evolved mammals, has a liver FABP of the same type as that of highly evolved mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Cavagnari
- Instituto the Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB)-CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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27
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Glatz JF, van der Vusse GJ. Cellular fatty acid-binding proteins: their function and physiological significance. Prog Lipid Res 1996; 35:243-82. [PMID: 9082452 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(96)00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J F Glatz
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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28
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Besnard P, Niot I, Bernard A, Carlier H. Cellular and molecular aspects of fat metabolism in the small intestine. Proc Nutr Soc 1996; 55:19-37. [PMID: 8832780 DOI: 10.1079/pns19960009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Besnard
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Nutrition, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation (ENSBANA), Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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29
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Schleicher CH, Santomé JA. Purification, characterization, and partial amino acid sequencing of an amphibian liver fatty acid binding protein. Biochem Cell Biol 1996; 74:109-15. [PMID: 9035684 DOI: 10.1139/o96-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid binding protein (FABP) from toad liver cytosol was purified to homogeneity by a procedure involving gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. The protein presented a molecular mass of 13 987 +/- 2 daltons determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. Native isoelectric focusing of the purified liver FABP revealed a single pI 6.8 band. On the other hand, the toad heart FABP showed a different mobility than that of toad liver FABP by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Moreover, toad liver FABP cross-reacted with antisera to mammalian liver FABP but not with antisera to heart FABP. The difference between toad liver and heart FABPs was further confirmed by partial amino acid sequencing. As the N-terminus of toad liver FABP was blocked, the protein was chemically and enzymatically cleaved and the resulting peptides were subjected to automated Edman degradation. Partial amino acid sequencing showed that the toad liver FABP is related to that of mammalian liver and is clearly different from the amphibian heart FABP as well as from the amphibian intestine FABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Schleicher
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Londraville RL, Sidell BD. Purification and characterization of fatty acid-binding protein from aerobic muscle of the Antarctic icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1995; 273:190-203. [PMID: 7595283 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402730304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular fatty acid-binding protein is purified and characterized from aerobic skeletal muscle of the Antarctic icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus. Molecular mass of C. aceratus FABP (CA-FABP) is 14,936 Da as estimated by electrospray mass spectrometry. CA-FABP is expressed at an intracellular concentration of 0.984 +/- 0.115 mg CA-FABP g-1 wet weight aerobic muscle and binds 0.859 +/- 0.013 moles oleic acid per mole of protein at a physiological temperature of 0 degrees C. Dissociation constants (KdS for various fatty acid ligands range from 1.38 to 2.71 microM; KdS are not significantly different among palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1), and oleic acid (18:1). Competition assays reveal that CA-FABP does not have preferential affinity for the very-long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids that are common in Antarctic fish (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid; 22:6). Partial amino acid sequence from CA-FABP aligns with mammalian heart-type FABPs with as high as 74% identity. These data are strikingly similar to mammalian values, yet they are derived from an organism that is distant from mammals in terms of phylogeny, body temperature, and physiology. This suggests that the FABP family is conserved not only in primary sequence, but also in its physiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Londraville
- Department of Zoology, University of Maine, Orono 04469-5751, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Veerkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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32
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STEWART JM, CARLIN RC, MacDONALD JA, VAN IDERSTINE S. Fatty acid binding proteins and fatty acid catabolism in marine invertebrates: Peroxisomal β-oxidation. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1994.9672370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Petzinger E. Transport of organic anions in the liver. An update on bile acid, fatty acid, monocarboxylate, anionic amino acid, cholephilic organic anion, and anionic drug transport. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1994; 123:47-211. [PMID: 8209137 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Petzinger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Giessen, Germany
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Sa G, Das T, Mukherjea M. Characterization and binding properties of human fetal lung fatty acid-binding proteins. Mol Cell Biochem 1993; 129:67-75. [PMID: 8177228 DOI: 10.1007/bf00926577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
When delipidated Mr > 10,000 cut-off human fetal lung cytosol was separated on gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography on Auto-FPLC system, two fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) of pI 6.9 and pI 5.4 were purified to homogeneity. On Western blotting analysis with the anti-human fetal lung pI 6.9 FABP, these two proteins showed immunochemical cross reactivity with each other and with purified hepatic FABPs but not with cardiac or gut FABP. These two FABPs have identical molecular mass of 15.2 kDa, which is slightly higher than that of the hepatic proteins (14.2 kDa). Carbohydrate covalently linked to FABPs, that may substantially add to the molecular mass, was not detected in the purified protein preparations. Amino acid analysis revealed that both the proteins have same amino acid composition each containing one Trp residue that is lacking in hepatic FABP. Different isoforms of lung FABP exhibited different binding ability for their natural ligands. These proteins bind palmitoyl CoA with higher affinity than oleic acid. pI 6.9 FABP can more rapidly and efficiently transfer fatty acid than can pI 5.4 FABP from unilammelar liposomes. Thus these FABPs may play a critical role in fatty acid transport during human fetal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, College of Science, India
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35
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Veerkamp JH, van Kuppevelt TH, Maatman RG, Prinsen CF. Structural and functional aspects of cytosolic fatty acid-binding proteins. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1993; 49:887-906. [PMID: 8140117 DOI: 10.1016/0952-3278(93)90174-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Veerkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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36
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Berry SA, Yoon JB, List J, Seelig S. Hepatic fatty acid-binding protein mRNA is regulated by growth hormone. J Am Coll Nutr 1993; 12:638-42. [PMID: 8294718 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1993.10718354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) is one of several abundant proteins which may participate in fatty acid uptake and utilization. Using differential hybridization to screen for growth hormone-responsive gene products, a complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) was isolated which proved to be a hepatic FABP cDNA fragment. Hypophysectomy caused a 60% reduction in hepatic FABP messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in rat liver, and growth hormone administration to hypophysectomized rats resulted in restoration of the expression of hepatic FABP mRNA. Other pituitary hormones did not alter these changes in expression. The response to growth hormone occurred within 4 hours of administration. During development, expression of hepatic FABP mRNA in rat liver was low in late fetal life, with increases to 40% of adult values by day 2 of life. Significant increases to adult levels did not occur until after day 25, when weaning is essentially completed. Alteration of hepatic FABP mRNA expression by growth hormone in rat liver may be important in the complex regulation of fatty acid uptake and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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37
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Watanabe K, Wakabayashi H, Veerkamp JH, Ono T, Suzuki T. Immunohistochemical distribution of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein immunoreactivity in normal human tissues and in acute myocardial infarct. J Pathol 1993; 170:59-65. [PMID: 8326460 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711700110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cellular distribution of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) immunoreactivity was examined in normal human tissues using a polyclonal antibody against human H-FABP. Immunoreactivity was detected in cardiomyocytes of both ventricles and atria as well as in all striated muscles investigated. In addition, staining was frequently observed in parietal cells of the stomach, renal epithelial cells, acinar and ductal cells of the breast, ductal cells of the salivary gland, corpus luteum, and Leydig cells of the testis. Adipocytes and vascular endothelial cells were positive but other tissues and cells examined were negative. Old infarcts of the heart replaced by fibrous connective tissues were not labelled. Necrotic cardiomyocytes and morphologically normal cardiomyocytes in acute ischaemic lesions 1 h after onset showed reduced or no H-FABP immunoreactivity. Thus, decreased immunoreactivity for H-FABP may be a good histological marker of damaged cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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38
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Collet C, Joseph R. A novel member of the lipocalin superfamily: tammar wallaby late-lactation protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1167:219-22. [PMID: 8466952 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(93)90165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The finding that tammar wallaby late-lactation protein is linked to beta-lactoglobulin prompted a search of current GenPeptide and NBRF-PIR protein databases for sequence similarities to late-lactation protein. Similarities were found to von Ebner's gland protein and other members of the lipocalin superfamily of proteins. A conservative replacement of Trp with Tyr suggests that late-lactation protein may represent an unusual member of this protein superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Collet
- CSIRO Wildlife and Ecology, Lyneham, Australia
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39
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Esteves A, Dallagiovanna B, Ehrlich R. A developmentally regulated gene of Echinococcus granulosus codes for a 15.5-kilodalton polypeptide related to fatty acid binding proteins. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1993; 58:215-22. [PMID: 8479446 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(93)90043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A stage-specific expressed gene has been isolated from a cDNA expression library of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. The isolated clone contains the complete coding sequence. The corresponding protein (EgDf1) has a molecular weight of 15.5 kDa and is expressed at the tegumental level in the protoscolices, being undetectable in the germinal layer of the metacestode. This protein shares an important homology with a family of low-molecular weight proteins involved in the binding of hydrophobic ligands. This family includes a protein of Schistosoma mansoni (Sm 14) that has immunoprotective activity in rodents. Histochemical and metabolic data already reported for E. granulosus suggest that EgDf1 could be a molecular marker for early events in the process of protoscolex differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Esteves
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
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40
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Das T, Sa G, Mukherjea M. Characterization of cardiac fatty-acid-binding protein from human placenta. Comparison with placenta hepatic types. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 211:725-30. [PMID: 8436130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
When a 105,000 x g supernatant of human placenta was incubated with [1-14C]oleate and subjected to Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and HPLC, two fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP) peaks were obtained. One of these, when further purified by carboxymethyl-cellulose, gave one 15.3-kDa FABP with pI5.3. The other, when chromatographed on DEAE cellulose, separated into two 14.2-kDa FABP with pI6.9 and 5.4. Purity of the proteins was checked by SDS/PAGE. Molecular mass, pI, immunochemical properties and amino acid compositions all indicated that 15.3-kDa FABP was of the cardiac type, whereas both 14.2-kDa FABP were of the hepatic type. Cardiac FABP did not cross-react with hepatic proteins. When tested for the acceptor/donor properties of these FABP, hepatic types were found to be better candidates than cardiac in uptaking fatty acids from liposomes. Cardiac FABP, on the other hand, acted in a more efficient way as a donor, indicating a distinct role of these proteins in human placenta, which furnishes a multiorgan system for the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Das
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, India
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41
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Price HM, Ryan RO, Haunerland NH. Primary structure of locust flight muscle fatty acid binding protein. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992; 297:285-90. [PMID: 1497348 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90674-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) from flight muscle of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, has been determined. The sequence of the N-terminal 39 amino acid residues, determined by automated Edman degradation, was used to prepare a degenerate oligonucleotide that corresponded to amino acid residues 16-23. cDNA coding for FABP was constructed from flight muscle mRNA and amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using the degenerate oligonucleotide and an oligo dT-NotI primer adapter as primers. The amplification product was cloned and sequenced. Additionally, a cDNA library of flight muscle mRNA was prepared and screened with a 414-bp probe prepared from the clone. The primary structure of locust FABP was compared with the proteins in the Swiss protein databank and found to have significant homology with mammalian FABPs over the entire 133-residue sequence. The best match was versus human heart FABP (41% identity), attesting to the highly conserved nature of this protein. The results suggest that locust muscle FABP is a member of the lipid binding protein superfamily and may provide valuable insight into the evolution of this abundant protein class.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Price
- Lipid and Lipoprotein Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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42
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Medzihradszky KF, Gibson BW, Kaur S, Yu ZH, Medzihradszky D, Burlingame AL, Bass NM. The primary structure of fatty-acid-binding protein from nurse shark liver. Structural and evolutionary relationship to the mammalian fatty-acid-binding protein family. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 203:327-39. [PMID: 1735421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb16553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The primary structure of a fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP) isolated from the liver of the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) was determined by high-performance tandem mass spectrometry (employing multichannel array detection) and Edman degradation. Shark liver FABP consists of 132 amino acids with an acetylated N-terminal valine. The chemical molecular mass of the intact protein determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (Mr = 15124 +/- 2.5) was in good agreement with that calculated from the amino acid sequence (Mr = 15121.3). The amino acid sequence of shark liver FABP displays significantly greater similarity to the FABP expressed in mammalian heart, peripheral nerve myelin and adipose tissue (61-53% sequence similarity) than to the FABP expressed in mammalian liver (22% similarity). Phylogenetic trees derived from the comparison of the shark liver FABP amino acid sequence with the members of the mammalian fatty-acid/retinoid-binding protein gene family indicate the initial divergence of an ancestral gene into two major subfamilies: one comprising the genes for mammalian liver FABP and gastrotropin, the other comprising the genes for mammalian cellular retinol-binding proteins I and II, cellular retinoic-acid-binding protein myelin P2 protein, adipocyte FABP, heart FABP and shark liver FABP, the latter having diverged from the ancestral gene that ultimately gave rise to the present day mammalian heart-FABP, adipocyte FABP and myelin P2 protein sequences. The sequence for intestinal FABP from the rat could be assigned to either subfamily, depending on the approach used for phylogenetic tree construction, but clearly diverged at a relatively early evolutionary time point. Indeed, sequences proximately ancestral or closely related to mammalian intestinal FABP, liver FABP, gastrotropin and the retinoid-binding group of proteins appear to have arisen prior to the divergence of shark liver FABP and should therefore also be present in elasmobranchs. The presence in shark liver of an FABP which differs substantially in primary structure from mammalian liver FABP, while being closely related to the FABP expressed in mammalian heart muscle, peripheral nerve myelin and adipocytes, opens a further dimension regarding the question of the existence of structure-dependent and tissue-specific specialization of FABP function in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Medzihradszky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0446
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43
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Kanda T, Odani S, Tomoi M, Matsubara Y, Ono T. Primary structure of a 15-kDa protein from rat intestinal epithelium. Sequence similarity to fatty-acid-binding proteins. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 197:759-68. [PMID: 2029905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An abundant and novel cytosolic protein was purified from the rat intestinal epithelium by gel filtration, ion-exchange and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The protein was eluted into two different positions (fractions 1 and 2) on DEAE-cellulose chromatography. We have completed the primary structure of the protein of fraction 1 by Edman degradation. The protein (144565 Da) contains 127 amino acid residues and has an acetylated alanine at its NH2-terminus. Comparison of the primary structure of the protein with porcine gastrotropin [Walz, A. D., Wider, M. D., Snow, J. W., Dass, C. & Desiderio, D. M. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 14189-14195] and rat hepatic fatty-acid-binding protein revealed that identical residues within these proteins are found in 90 and 54 out of a total of 127 positions, respectively. Bioactivity studies demonstrated that neither the protein nor liver and intestinal fatty-acid-binding proteins influence gastric acid secretory activity in rats with gastric fistulas compared to pentagastrin. The protein showed very low affinity for palmitic-acid-binding in vitro assay system and only trace amounts of endogenous fatty acids were detected from the protein. The protein, rat intestinal 15-kDa protein is considered to be a new member of the fatty-acid-binding protein family based on its structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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44
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Moser D, Tendler M, Griffiths G, Klinkert M. A 14-kDa Schistosoma mansoni polypeptide is homologous to a gene family of fatty acid binding proteins. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)92995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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45
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Veerkamp JH, Peeters RA, Maatman RG. Structural and functional features of different types of cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1081:1-24. [PMID: 1991151 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90244-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Veerkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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46
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Sams GH, Hargis BM, Hargis PS. Identification of two lipid binding proteins from liver of Gallus domesticus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 99:213-9. [PMID: 1959328 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(91)90032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Two low molecular weight (approximately 14,000 Da) proteins exhibiting lipid binding activity were purified from liver cytosol and identified as non-specific lipid binding protein (ns-LTP) and fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP). 2. Ligand binding assays indicated that ns-LTP exhibited greater binding activity for cholesterol and little binding of fatty acids. Conversely, L-FABP had higher relative binding activity for fatty acids but did not bind cholesterol. 3. Amino acid composition and pI data supported the identification of the chicken liver lipid binding proteins as L-FABP and ns-LTP. 4. Polyclonal antisera was prepared against each of the liver lipid binding proteins and monospecificity verified using Western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Sams
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A & M University System, College Station 77843-2472
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47
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Haunerland NH, Chisholm JM. Fatty acid binding protein in flight muscle of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1047:233-8. [PMID: 2252910 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(90)90521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cytosol of flight muscle from the adult desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, contains a fatty acid binding protein (FABP). Locust FABP has a molecular weight of 15,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.2. It binds fatty acids stoichiometrically in a 1:1 ratio. Its molecular characteristics, tissue specificity and electrophoretic behavior are reminiscent of mammalian M-FABP. Compared to its mammalian counterpart, the cytosolic concentration is much higher, reflecting the high rate of fatty acid oxidation observed during locust flight. Our discovery, showing for the first time an FABP in an invertebrate species, supports the proposed function of muscle FABP as intracellular fatty acid receptor or transport protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Haunerland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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48
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Abstract
Cytosolic fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) belong to a gene family of which eight members have been conclusively identified. These 14-15 kDa proteins are abundantly expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner. Although the functions of the cytosolic FABP are not clearly established, they appear to enhance the transfer of long-chain fatty acids between artificial and native lipid membranes, and also to have a stimulatory effect on a number of enzymes of fatty acid metabolism in vitro. These findings, as well as the tissue expression, ligand binding properties, ontogeny and regulation of these proteins provide a considerable body of indirect evidence supporting a broad role for the FABP in the intracellular transport and metabolism of long-chain fatty acids. The available data also support the existence of structure- and tissue-specific specialization of function among different members of the FABP gene family. Moreover, FABP may also have a possible role in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation, possibly by virtue of their affinity for ligands such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and fatty acids, which are known to influence cell growth activity. FABP structurally unrelated to the cytosolic gene family have also been identified in the plasma membranes of several tissues (FABPpm). These proteins have not been fully characterized to date, but strong evidence suggest that they function in the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Kaikaus
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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49
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Storch J, Bass NM. Transfer of fluorescent fatty acids from liver and heart fatty acid-binding proteins to model membranes. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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50
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Suzuki T, Watanabe K, Ono T. Immunohistochemical demonstration of liver fatty acid-binding protein in human hepatocellular malignancies. J Pathol 1990; 161:79-83. [PMID: 2164578 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711610113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-three hepatoblastomas of childhood, sixty-two adult hepatocellular carcinomas, and two hepatic sarcomas were examined immunohistochemically with the use of a polyclonal antibody against rat liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), which cross-reacts to human L-FABP. All the hepatoblastomas and half of the hepatic cell carcinomas contained L-FABP immunoreactive tumour cells, whereas two hepatic sarcomas were negative. The overall frequency of immunostained tumour cells was 43.5 per cent in hepatoblastomas and 18.6 per cent in hepatocellular carcinomas, respectively. Histologically well-differentiated areas contained more numerous immunopositive cells than undifferentiated or immature ones. These results indicate that L-FABP immunoreactivity is a new candidate for a tumour cell marker in hepatic cell malignancies, although its biological role has not been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Second Department of Pathology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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