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Kalra BS, Roy V. Efficacy of Metabolic Modulators in Ischemic Heart Disease: An Overview. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 52:292-305. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270010396042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Jenkins CM, Yang J, Sims HF, Gross RW. Reversible high affinity inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by acyl-CoA: a mechanism integrating glycolytic flux with lipid metabolism. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11937-50. [PMID: 21258134 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.203661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) catalyzes the first committed step of glycolysis and is regulated by a complex array of allosteric effectors that integrate glycolytic flux with cellular bioenergetics. Here, we demonstrate the direct, potent, and reversible inhibition of purified rabbit muscle PFK-1 by low micromolar concentrations of long chain fatty acyl-CoAs (apparent Ki∼1 μM). In sharp contrast, short chain acyl-CoAs, palmitoylcarnitine, and palmitic acid in the presence of CoASH were without effect. Remarkably, MgAMP and MgADP but not MgATP protected PFK-1 against inhibition by palmitoyl-CoA indicating that acyl-CoAs regulate PFK-1 activity in concert with cellular high energy phosphate status. Furthermore, incubation of PFK-1 with [1-(14)C]palmitoyl-CoA resulted in robust acylation of the enzyme that was reversible by incubation with acyl-protein thioesterase-1 (APT1). Importantly, APT1 reversed palmitoyl-CoA-mediated inhibition of PFK-1 activity. Mass spectrometric analyses of palmitoylated PFK-1 revealed four sites of acylation, including Cys-114, Cys-170, Cys-351, and Cys-577. PFK-1 in both skeletal muscle extracts and in purified form was inhibited by S-hexadecyl-CoA, a nonhydrolyzable palmitoyl-CoA analog, demonstrating that covalent acylation of PFK-1 was not required for inhibition. Tryptic footprinting suggested that S-hexadecyl-CoA induced a conformational change in PFK-1. Both palmitoyl-CoA and S-hexadecyl-CoA increased the association of PFK-1 with Ca2+/calmodulin, which attenuated the binding of palmitoylated PFK-1 to membrane vesicles. Collectively, these results demonstrate that fatty acyl-CoA modulates phosphofructokinase activity through both covalent and noncovalent interactions to regulate glycolytic flux and enzyme membrane localization via the branch point metabolic node that mediates lipid flux through anabolic and catabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Jenkins
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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3
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Reis de Assis D, Maria RDC, Borba Rosa R, Schuck PF, Ribeiro CAJ, da Costa Ferreira G, Dutra-Filho CS, Terezinha de Souza Wyse A, Duval Wannmacher CM, Santos Perry ML, Wajner M. Inhibition of energy metabolism in cerebral cortex of young rats by the medium-chain fatty acids accumulating in MCAD deficiency. Brain Res 2005; 1030:141-51. [PMID: 15567346 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients affected by medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, a frequent inborn error of metabolism, suffer from acute episodes of encephalopathy. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuropathology of this disease are poorly known. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effect of the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), at concentrations varying from 0.01 to 3 mM, accumulating in MCAD deficiency on some parameters of energy metabolism in cerebral cortex of young rats. (14)CO(2) production from [U(14)] glucose, [1-(14)C] acetate and [1,5-(14)C] citrate was evaluated by incubating cerebral cortex homogenates from 30-day-old rats in the absence (controls) or presence of octanoic acid, decanoic acid or cis-4-decenoic acid. OA and DA significantly reduced (14)CO(2) production from acetate by around 30-40%, and from glucose by around 70%. DA significantly reduced (14)CO(2) production from citrate by around 40%, while OA did not affect this parameter. cDA inhibited (14)CO(2) production from all tested substrates by around 30-40%. The activities of the respiratory chain complexes and of creatine kinase were also tested in the presence of DA and cDA. Both metabolites significantly inhibited cytochrome c oxidase activity (by 30%) and complex II-III activity (DA, 25%; cDA, 80%). Furthermore, only cDA inhibited complex II activity (by 30%), while complex I-III and citrate synthase were not affected by these MCFA. On the other hand, only cDA reduced the activity of creatine kinase in total homogenates, as well as in mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions from cerebral cortex (by 50%). The data suggest that the major metabolites which accumulate in MCAD deficiency, with particular emphasis to cDA, compromise brain energy metabolism. We presume that these findings may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of the neurological dysfunction of MCAD deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dênis Reis de Assis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
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4
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Kaloyianni M, Freedland RA. Effect of diabetes and time after in vivo insulin administration on ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 22:159-64. [PMID: 2185062 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(90)90178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Diabetic rats had elevated rates of gluconeogenesis and ketone body production. 2. Four hours after insulin administration the rate of gluconeogenesis returned to normal and the rate of ketogenesis decreased with certain substrates, but did not return to normal. 3. Eight hours after insulin treatment ketogenesis from all substrates was significantly reduced, but still significantly higher than normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaloyianni
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Science School, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract
Glucose intolerance is a nearly universal finding in patients with chronic renal failure and in animal models of uremia. The glucose intolerance results from impaired insulin-mediated glucose disposal by muscle, adipose, and liver tissue. Insulin binding by these tissues is not reduced. Rather, several defects exist in the postreceptor cascade of insulin action. Although impaired insulin-mediated glucose uptake and metabolism occur, the primary defect and causative agent are not established. The purpose of the present article is to review recent literature on the potential mechanisms underlying the insulin resistance of chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Hager
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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6
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Geetha A, Catherine J, Shyamala Devi CS. Effect of α-tocopherol on doxorubicin induced alterations in glucose metabolism—A pilot study. J Biosci 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02716684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Patel JM, Edwards DA, Block ER, Raizada MK. Effect of nitrogen dioxide on surface membrane fluidity and insulin receptor binding of pulmonary endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1988; 37:1497-507. [PMID: 3358780 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an environmental oxidant pollutant, is known to peroxidize membrane lipids of lung cells. We evaluated the ability of NO2 to alter the surface membrane fluidity, lipid composition, and insulin receptor binding of porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in culture. After 3- to 24-hr exposure to 5 ppm NO2, cells were labeled with either 1-(4-trimethylaminophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMA-DPH), a cationic fluorescent aromatic hydrocarbon that anchors at the lipid-water interface, or fluorescamine, a fluorescent molecular probe that covalently binds with amino groups of surface phospholipids and proteins. Membrane fluidity was measured by monitoring changes in the steady-state fluorescence anisotropies (rs) for TMA-DPH and fluorescamine. Insulin specific receptor binding was monitored by measuring time-dependent binding of 125I-insulin. Following NO2 exposure, rs values for TMA-DPH and fluorescamine were increased significantly in a time-dependent fashion, with maximum increases at 24 hr (P less than 0.001). Similar increases in rs values were observed in isolated plasma membranes as well as in lipid vesicles prepared from total lipid extracts of endothelial cells or their plasma membranes. Phosphatidylethanolamine plus phosphatidylserine content in lipid extracts from 24-hr but not 3- to 12-hr NO2-exposed cells was increased significantly (P less than 0.01) compared to control cells. Specific binding of 125I-insulin to cells exposed to NO2 for 12 and 24 hr (but not 3 and 6 hr) was reduced significantly (P less than 0.05) compared to binding in control cells. Scatchard analysis of the binding data indicated that NO2 exposure caused a 5-fold reduction in insulin receptor binding sites in endothelial cells. Recovery was achieved 24 hr after NO2 exposure with, but not without, changing culture medium. These results indicate that NO2 exposure causes reversible changes in the physical state of lipids in the superficial lipid domains of the pulmonary endothelial cell plasma membrane, and these alterations may interfere with plasma membrane-dependent functions such as receptor-ligand interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610
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8
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Zalewska T, Strosznajder J, Kawashima S. Modulation of calcium-dependent neutral protease activity by fatty acids and lysophospholipids. NEUROCHEMICAL PATHOLOGY 1988; 8:79-89. [PMID: 2853315 DOI: 10.1007/bf03160137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of fatty acids and lysophospholipids on calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP) was investigated. mu CANP, low calcium ion (microM concentration)-requiring CANP is more strongly inhibited by unsaturated fatty acids than is mCANP--the high calcium ion (mM concentration)-requiring form. Lysophospholipids in concentrations ranging from 10(-5) M to 10(-3) M inhibit mu CANP exclusively, whereas mCANP activity is unaffected or even slightly increased. Calpastatin decreases the activity of mCANP and, in the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid, the inhibition is not increased. In the presence of lysophosphatidyl-ethanolamine, however, the inhibition of mCANP by calpastatin does not occur. The results indicate that fatty acids and lysocompounds liberated under different physiological and pathological conditions may modulate calcium-activated neutral protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zalewska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
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Audubert F, Pelech SL, Vance DE. Fatty acids inhibit N-methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine in rat hepatocytes and liver microsomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1984; 792:348-57. [PMID: 6696940 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(84)90203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation of rat hepatocytes with various fatty acids in the culture medium reduced the conversion of [3H]phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine. Unsaturated fatty acids were the most effective inhibitors of phospholipid methylation. The inhibition of phosphatidylethanolamine methylation by oleate (2 mM) was reversed within 1 h after replacement with fatty acid-deficient medium. Fatty acids and their CoA derivatives (0.15-0.5 mM) produced 50% inhibition of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase in rat liver microsomes. The first methylation reaction was the site of fatty acid inhibition, as methylation of phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine was not reduced in the presence of oleate. The inhibition by oleate was reversed by inclusion of bovine serum albumin or by addition of phospholipid liposomes. Thus, while fatty acids stimulate phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in hepatocytes via the CDP-choline pathway, the methylation pathway is inhibited.
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Stubbs CD, Smith AD. The modification of mammalian membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in relation to membrane fluidity and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1984; 779:89-137. [PMID: 6229284 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(84)90005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1223] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Coquil JF. Properties of the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase from rat lung. Inhibition by unsaturated fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 743:359-69. [PMID: 6299362 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic and regulatory properties of the major form of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (3':5'-cyclic-GMP 5'-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.35) from rat lung were studied. The enzyme partially purified by a DEAE-Sepharose chromatography displayed a much higher affinity toward cyclic GMP than toward cyclic AMP, the apparent Km values being 5.7 microM and 482 microM for the guanylic and the adenylic cyclic nucleotide, respectively. In contrast, the V value for cyclic AMP was about 3-times higher than the V value for cyclic GMP. Linear double reciprocal plots of initial velocity were observed with each cyclic nucleotide. From 10(-8) to 3.3 X 10(-6) M, cyclic GMP did not change the hydrolysis of 1 or 10 microM cyclic [3H]AMP, while it became inhibitory at higher concentrations. In contrast with a calmodulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase prepared from rat brain, the lung enzyme was not stimulated by a heat-stable Ca2+-dependent factor from rat lung or by rat brain calmodulin or by lipids including fatty acids and lysophosphatidylcholine. Various unsaturated 18- and 20-carbon fatty acids inhibited at varying degrees the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase from rat lung. The inhibitory potency increased with the number of double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain. In contrast, the methyl esters of the unsaturated fatty acids and the saturated fatty acids of variable hydrocarbon chain lengths had no appreciable effects. A linear Hill plot of phosphodiesterase inhibition with a slope of unity was obtained with arachidonic acid up to 30 microM, suggesting only one type of inhibitory site. In this range of concentrations the inhibition was entirely reversible. Kinetics analysis demonstrated that up to 30 microM arachidonic acid was a purely competitive inhibitor with an apparent Ki of 20 microM. Over 30 microM, the Hill coefficient increased progressively, indicating the binding to other inhibitory sites, while the reversibility disappeared.
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12
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AMP deaminase as a control system of glycolysis in yeast. Mechanism of the inhibition of glycolysis by fatty acid and citrate. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Yoshino M, Murakami K. Effect of spermine on the inhibition by fatty acid on AMP deaminase reaction as a control system of the adenylate energy charge in yeast. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 102:905-10. [PMID: 6272814 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)91623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Yoshino M, Murakami K. In vitro and in situ studies on the inhibition of yeast AMP deaminase by fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 660:199-203. [PMID: 7025914 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(81)90160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of various fatty acids on the purified and in situ AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) was investigated: both the purified AMP deaminase and the permeabilized system of yeast cells were used as the enzyme sources. (1) All the saturated fatty acids, longer than 10 in the hydrocarbon chain, were inhibitors of the purified enzyme in the absence of ATP, whereas no or little inhibition of the enzyme was observed in the presence of ATP. Unsaturated fatty acids acted as more potent inhibitors of the purified enzyme, although the addition of ATP increased the I0.5 values for these fatty acids. Fatty acids acted as non-competitive inhibitors without alteration of the affinity for the substrate in the absence and presence of ATP. (2) Unsaturated fatty acids showed a powerful inhibition of the in situ AMP deaminase, and the presence of ATP could scarcely affect the inhibition of the in situ enzyme by these fatty acids. On the other hand, no or little inhibition of the in situ enzyme by saturated fatty acids was observed in the absence and presence of ATP. The difference in the kinetics properties between the in situ and the purified enzyme suggests that there is difference in protein interactions for AMP deaminase in situ and in vitro.
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15
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van der Vusse GJ, Roemen TH, Prinzen FW, Reneman RS. The concentration of non-esterified fatty acids in biopsies from normoxic dog myocardium. Basic Res Cardiol 1981; 76:389-93. [PMID: 7283942 DOI: 10.1007/bf01908329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Georgieff M, Kattermann R, Geiger K, Storz LW, Bethke U, Lutz H. [Differences in postoperative metabolism in reference to pre- and postoperative initiation of total parenteral nutrition. I]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERNAHRUNGSWISSENSCHAFT 1979; 18:160-83. [PMID: 118594 DOI: 10.1007/bf02020598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the postoperative metabolism of patients undergoing gastric resection by beginning total parenteral nutrition pre- (group 1) and postoperatively (group 2). A third group remained fasting until 3 h after the surgical intervention. Because of the high serum glucose concentrations and the high glucose losses in the 24-h urine on the operation day in group 1 and 2 only the base glucose requirement (150--250 g/24/h) should be given in the early postoperative period. The low blood glucose concentration in group 3 and the elevated lactate values in group 2 underline this recommandation. Compared with group 2 and 3, group 1 had low free fatty acid concentrations of 250 micronVal/l because of the continuous pre-, intra-, and postoperative infusion. Compared with normal metabolic conditions, the free fatty acids do not seem to have the same insulin-antagonizing effect in the posttraumatic state. The fall of cholesterol after the surgical trauma reached its maximum after 12--15 h and amounted to about 40 mg% in the first two groups. Albumin and total protein fell continuously in group 1 and 2. The electrophoresis in group 1 showed a rise of alpha 1- and alpha 2-globulin to more than double the initial value, the beta-globulin showed only slight changes, the gamma-globulin dropped only slightly up to the 4th postoperative day. As a sign of an augmented catabolism the serum urea concentration rose during the postoperative state. Group 1 and 2 had a favourable nitrogen balance. The postoperative bilirubin rise could be held lower in group 1 compared to group 2.
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17
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Yoshino M, Miyajima E, Tsushima K. Kinetics of the interactions of AMP deaminase with fatty acids. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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18
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Leuchtenberger A, Ruttloff H. [Effect of oils and fatty acids on growth and enzyme production of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. I. Effect of oils and fatty acids on the metabolism of microorganisms (review of literature)]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOLOGIE 1979; 19:609-27. [PMID: 397684 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630190903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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McLoughlin DJ, Shahied II, MacQuarrie R. The interaction of fatty acids with rabbit liver and muscle glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 527:193-203. [PMID: 718959 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(78)90268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Various fatty acids containing 10--22 carbons and including unsaturated derivatives were found to be inhibitors of rabbit liver and skeletal muscle sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (sn-glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.8). For the liver enzyme, the logarithm of the inhibition constant was linearly related to the number of carbon atoms in the saturated fatty acids whereas the muscle enzyme, which was generally more strongly inhibited, showed a nonlinear dependence. The liver and muscle enzymes also interacted differently with a series of unsaturated fatty acids for which a high degree of specificity was exhibited which was related to the position, configuration, and number of double bonds in the compound. A steady-state kinetic analysis shows that under some conditions, the kinetics of the NADH reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate by NADH in the presence of stearic acid do not follow simple Michaelis-Menten behavior but rather the velocity shows a sigmoidal dependence on fatty acid concentration and strong substrate inhibition. Stearic acid is a much poorer inhibitor of the NAD-dependent oxidation of glycerol-3-phosphate. At low substrate concentrations stearic acid is competitive with respect to NAD with an inhibition constant of 24 micrometer for stearic acid. In addition to the effect of fatty acids on the initial velocities of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions, preincubation of the enzyme with fatty acid leads to a slow, time-dependent irreversible inactivation of the enzyme which is prevented by the presence of NADH. The results are discussed in terms of the differences in the conformations of the hydrophobic binding sites on the two enzymes.
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20
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Wenzel DG, Hale TW. Toxicity of free fatty acids for cultured rat heart muscle and endothelioid cells. I. Saturated long-chain fatty acids. Toxicology 1978; 11:109-17. [PMID: 715796 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(78)90789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Capric (C10:0), lauric (C12:0), myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0) and arachidic (C20:0) acids were compared for their toxic effects upon cultured rat heart muscle and endothelioid cells. The free fatty acids (FFA) were found to albumin (6:1) and tested at 5 x 10(-5)M. Reduction of cell viability (51Cr release) and in situ mitochondrial and lysosomal labilization were used as indices of injury. Reduction in viability of both cell types was produced by palmitic, stearic or arachidic acids, but only after exposures of from 12 to 36 h. These FFA also produced needle-like cytoplasmic inclusions. Mitochondria and lysosomes were labilized after shorter exposures. Capric, lauric and myristic acids, were relatively non-toxic, and protected endothelioid cell lysosomes from labilization.
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Tortora P, Hanozet GM, Guerritore A, Vincenzini MT, Vanni P. Selective denaturation of several yeast enzymes by free fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 525:297-306. [PMID: 356887 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(78)90224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The denaturation of eight purified yeast enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, alcohol dehydrogenase, beta-fructosidase, hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, promoted under controlled conditions by the free fatty acids myristic and oleic, is selective. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1 oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) is extremely sensitive to destabilization and was studied in greater detail. Results show that chain length and degree of unsaturation of fatty acids are important to their destabilizing effect, and that ligands of the enzyme can afford protection. The denaturation process results in more than one altered form. These results can be viewed in the perspective of the possibility that amphipathic substances, and in particular free fatty acids, may play a role for enzyme degradation in vivo, by initiating steps of selective denaturation.
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22
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Morikawa M, Yamashita S. Inhibition of yeast phosphatidic-acid synthesis by free fatty acids. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 84:61-8. [PMID: 648519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Particulate preparations obtained from cells of yeast Saccharomyces sake have been shown to possess glycerolphosphate acyltransferase and 1-acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase activities. Glycerolphosphate acyltransferase exhibits a high specificity for saturated and monoenoic fatty acyl-CoA thioesters. When palmitoyl-CoA is employed as sole acyl group donor, the major lipid product is lysophosphatidic acid. 1-Acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase of this yeast species has a rather strict specificity for monoenoic fatty acyl-CoA thioesters as acyl donor. These two acyltransferases are strongly inhibited in vitro by low concentrations of free fatty acids. 1-Acylglycerolphosphate acyltransferase is much more susceptible to fatty acid inhibition than glycerolphosphate acyltransferase. The inhibition is dependent not only on the concentration of fatty acid, but also on the length of exposure to fatty acid. Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids inhibit the acyltransferase activities. The inhibitory effects of fatty acids cannot be ascribed to a nonspecific surfactant action of fatty acids. The present results support the view that free fatty acid serves as a regulator of glycerolipid synthesis.
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23
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Agostini C. Effect of sodium octanoate on leucine incorporation into protein of rat liver slices and of Yoshida ascites hepatoma cells. EXPERIENTIA 1978; 34:232-3. [PMID: 203476 DOI: 10.1007/bf01944698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
7.38 X 10(-4) M octanoate does not significantly modify leucine incorporation into protein of rat liver slices, while in hepatoma cells a 19% inhibition has been noted. 3.69 x 10(-3) M octanoate reduces leucine incorporation to about the same extent (71-76%) in both liver slices and hepatoma cells.
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24
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Wititsuwannakul D, Kim K. Mechanism of palmityl coenzyme A inhibition of liver glycogen synthase. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)41039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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25
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Grigor MR, Harris EL. Wax ester synthesis in the mouse preputial gland tumour. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 488:121-7. [PMID: 889852 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(77)90129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The microsomal fraction from the mouse preputial gland tumour contains an acyltransferase which catalyzes the synthesis of wax esters. The enzyme is inhibited by moderate concentrations of free fatty acids (40 muM or more) but the inhibition is relieved by the addition of bovine serum albumin. The specific activity of the enzyme increases markedly between the 20th and 30th days of tumor growth. A number of other lipid synthesizing enzymes show similar trends for specific activity as related to tumour age.
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Furuyama S, Doi N, Sugiya H, Mitsuma M. Effects of fatty acids on calcium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase in rat submandibular gland microsomes. Life Sci 1976; 19:605-9. [PMID: 134239 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(76)90243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Broniszewska-Ardelt B, Dabrowiecki Z. Studies on the inhibition of brain phosphofructokinase by oleate and the determination of fatty acids in normal and hypoxic brain. J Neurochem 1976; 27:585-7. [PMID: 135075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb12286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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WEINHOUSE SIDNEY. Regulation of Glucokinase in Liver* *This review will be limited in scope to only the high Km glucose–ATP phosphotransferase found in liver of many animal species, and will dwell mainly on regulatory aspects. For a broader perspective on other hexokinase types, the reader is referred to the comprehensive review by Walker (165). Further material will be found in a recent review by Ureta (155a) on the phylogeny and ontogenesis of vertebrate hexokinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152811-9.50008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Wang HL, Swain EW, Wallen LL, Hesseltine CW. Free fatty acids identified as antitryptic factor in soybeans fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus. J Nutr 1975; 105:1351-5. [PMID: 1171938 DOI: 10.1093/jn/105.10.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The trypsin-inhibitory activity observed in cooked soybeans fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus (fungus used in tempeh fermentation) has been examined. The active compounds have now been isolated by ethanol extraction and thin-layer chromatography and have been identified as free fatty acids by infrared spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography. Oleic, lineoleic, and linolenic acids are primarily responsible for the increased trypsin-inhibiting activity of cooked soybeans after fermentation. The free fatty acids are liberated from oil in the soybeans by fungal lipase, and they differ from other reported soybean trypsin inhibitors that are protein in nature. Free fatty acids have been previously reported to inhibit various enzymes, such as glycolytic, glyconeogenic, lipogenic, and also proteolytic. Their effect appears to be a nonspecific type of inhibition. Further studies are required to determine their physiological relevance, if any.
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Shafrir E, Ruderman NB. Enzymes of carbohydrate and fat metabolism in anti-insulin serum diabetes; inactivation by free fatty acids and the protective effect of cellular protein. Diabetologia 1974; 10:731-42. [PMID: 4155389 DOI: 10.1007/bf01219535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Marr JJ. Regulation of aerobic fermentation in protozoans. 3. Apparent unimportance of pyruvate kinase in carbohydrate metabolism. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 49:531-45. [PMID: 4430183 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(74)90189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Herlitz H, Hamberger L, Ahrén K. Comparison between effects of cyclic AMP, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and luteinizing hormone on ovarian glycolysis. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1974; 92:181-94. [PMID: 4370669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1974.tb05735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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MESH Headings
- Catecholamines/physiology
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Endocrine System Diseases/complications
- Fructose-Bisphosphatase/metabolism
- Glucagon/physiology
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism
- Glycogen/biosynthesis
- Glycogen Synthase/metabolism
- Growth Hormone/physiology
- Humans
- Hydrocortisone/physiology
- Hypoglycemia/diagnosis
- Hypoglycemia/enzymology
- Hypoglycemia/etiology
- Hypoglycemia/therapy
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/enzymology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy
- Insulin/physiology
- Ketosis/complications
- Liver/enzymology
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/complications
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)/metabolism
- Pyruvate Carboxylase/metabolism
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Akrabawi SS, Saegert MM, Salji JP. Studies on the growth and changes in metabolism of rats fed on carbohydrate-deficient fatty acid-based diets supplemented with graded levels of maize starch. Br J Nutr 1974; 32:209-17. [PMID: 4371098 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19740074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of the supplementation of carbohydrate-deficient fatty acid-based (FA) diets with 18·7, 37·5, 75, 150 and 300 g maize starch (MS)/kg on the growth and metabolism of the growing rat. Further, the effects of fasting on rats given the FA diet were compared with those given the high-carbohydrate (CHO) diet. Due to the significant decrease in food consumption of rats given the FA diet, the effects of pair-feeding the CHO and the FA diet were also investigated.2. The isoenergetic replacement of fatty acids with increasing amounts of MS in the FA diet given to rats increased their weight gain and concentration of glucose in their plasma. These increases, however, tended to level off for weight gain and glucose concentration, respectively, at about 18·7 g and 75 g MS/kg diet. The same type of replacement decreased the concentration of ketones in the plasma but the decrease levelled off at the high concentration of 300 g MS/kg diet. Activities of liver glucose-6-phosphatase (EC3.1.3.9) and glucokinase (EC2.7.1.2) decreased and increased respectively with increasing concentration of maize starch in the diet. These changes tended to level off at concentrations of about 75–150 g MS/kg diet.3. Fasting for 18 h decreased the concentration of glucose in plasma of both the FA- and the CHO-fed rats, while fasting of the CHO-fed rats depressed the concentration of glycogen in the liver but did not influence that of the FA-fed rats. Pair-feeding the CHO diet to the FA diet produced similar weight increases during the 8-week experimental period.
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Municio A, Odriozola J, Ramos J. Effect of diet on lipogenesis of larvae of Ceratitis capitata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(73)90069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Delcher HK, Eisenbarth GS, Lebovitz HE. Fatty Acid Inhibition of Sulfation Factor-stimulated 35SO4 Incorporation into Embryonic Chicken Cartilage. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Baxter RC, Carlson CW, Pogell BM. Stimulation of the Neutral Activity of Rabbit Liver Fructose 1,6-Diphosphatase by Fatty Acids. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bhatia SC, Sharma SC, Venkitasubramanian TA. Acute dieldrin toxicity: biochemical changes in the blood. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1972; 24:369-72. [PMID: 5021122 DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1972.10666106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rhoads AR, Veitch FP. Inhibition of liver microsomal pyrophosphatase by free fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1971; 45:1457-65. [PMID: 4331475 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(71)90184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pande SV, Siddiqui AW, Gattereau A. Inhibition of long-chain fatty acid activation by -bromopalmitate and phytanate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 248:156-66. [PMID: 5130448 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(71)90002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hagenfeldt L, Wahren J. Human forearm muscle metabolism during exercise. VI. Substrate utilization in prolonged fasting. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1971; 27:299-306. [PMID: 5556597 DOI: 10.3109/00365517109080222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Glazer RI, Weber G. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate inhibition of lactate production in rat liver supernatant fluid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 237:11-3. [PMID: 5578573 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(71)90024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Barác-Nieto M. Renal uptake of p-aminohippuric acid in vitro. Effects of palmitate and L-carnitine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 233:446-52. [PMID: 5559472 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(71)90341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Griglio S, de Gasquet P, Lavau M, Lowy R. [Activities of fructose-6-phosphate kinase and pyruvate kinase in liver and epididymal adipose tissue of rats rendered obese by an high lipid diet]. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET DE BIOCHIMIE 1971; 79:287-300. [PMID: 4108437 DOI: 10.3109/13813457109085310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ahmed K, Thomas B, With the technical assistance of E. Cunningham. The Effects of Long Chain Fatty Acids on Sodium Plus Potassium Ion-stimulated Adenosine Triphosphatase of Rat Brain. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)62538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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SEUBERT WERNER, SCHONER WILHELM. The Regulation of Pyruvate Kinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152803-4.50011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Meghal SK, Burns LC, Koeppe RE. Effect of fatty acids on gluconeogenesis in the rat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 222:231-4. [PMID: 5507452 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(70)90374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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