1
|
Lee J, Lee J, Cho Y, Choi J, Han SW. A putative 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase is involved in the virulence, carbohydrate metabolism, biofilm formation, twitching halo, and osmotic tolerance in Acidovorax citrulli. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1039420. [PMID: 36438092 PMCID: PMC9681784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1039420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) is a gram-negative bacterium that causes bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) disease in cucurbit crops including watermelon. However, despite the great economic losses caused by this disease worldwide, Ac-resistant watermelon cultivars have not been developed. Therefore, characterizing the virulence factors/mechanisms of Ac would enable the development of effective control strategies against BFB disease. The 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase (BdpM) is known to participate in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. However, the roles of the protein have not been characterized in Ac. To elucidate the functions of BdpmAc (Bdpm in Ac), comparative proteomic analysis and diverse phenotypic assays were conducted using a bdpmAc knockout mutant (bdpmAc:Tn) and a wild-type strain. The virulence of the mutant to watermelon was remarkably reduced in both germinated seed inoculation and leaf infiltration assays. Moreover, the mutant could not grow with fructose or pyruvate as a sole carbon source. However, the growth of the mutant was restored to levels similar to those of the wild-type strain in the presence of both fructose and pyruvate. Comparative proteomic analyses revealed that diverse proteins involved in motility and wall/membrane/envelop biogenesis were differentially abundant. Furthermore, the mutant exhibited decreased biofilm formation and twitching halo size. Interestingly, the mutant exhibited a higher tolerance against osmotic stress. Overall, our findings suggest that BdpmAc affects the virulence, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biofilm formation, twitching halo size, and osmotic tolerance of Ac, suggesting that this protein has pleiotropic properties. Collectively, our findings provide fundamental insights into the functions of a previously uncharacterized phosphoglycerate mutase in Ac.
Collapse
|
2
|
Hue L. The role of futile cycles in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 52:247-331. [PMID: 6261536 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122976.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
3
|
Kneer N, Lardy H. Thyroid hormone and dehydroepiandrosterone permit gluconeogenic hormone responses in hepatocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 375:145-53. [PMID: 10683260 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the sn-glycerol- 3-phosphate (G-3-P) electron transfer shuttle in hormonal regulation of gluconeogenesis was examined in hepatocytes from rats with decreased mitochondrial G-3-P dehydrogenase activity (thyroidectomized) or increased G-3-P dehydrogenase activity [triiodothyronine (T(3)) or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treated]. Rates of glucose formation from 10 mM lactate, 10 mM pyruvate, or 2.5 mM dihydroxyacetone were somewhat less in hypothyroid cells than in cells from normal rats but gluconeogenic responses to calcium addition and to norepinephrine (NE), glucagon (G), or vasopressin (VP) were similar to the responses observed in cells from normal rats. However, with 2. 5 mM glycerol or 2.5 mM sorbitol, substrates that must be oxidized in the cytosol before conversion to glucose, basal gluconeogenesis was not appreciably altered by hypothyroidism but responses to calcium and to the calcium-mobilizing hormones were abolished. Injecting thyroidectomized rats with T(3) 2 days before preparing the hepatocytes greatly enhanced gluconeogenesis from glyc erol and restored the response to Ca(2+) and gluconeogenic hormones. Feeding dehydroepiandrosterone for 6 days depressed gluconeogenesis from lactate or pyruvate but substantially increased glucose production from glycerol in euthyroid cells and restored responses to Ca(2+) in hypothyroid cells metabolizing glycerol. Euthyroid cells metabolizing glycerol or sorbitol use the G-3-P and malate/aspartate shuttles to oxidize excess NADH generated in the cytosol. The transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetate (AOA) decreased gluconeogenesis from glycerol 40%, but had little effect on responses to Ca(2+) and NE. However, in hypothyroid cells, with minimal G-3-P dehydrogenase, AOA decreased gluconeogenesis from glycerol more than 90%. Thus, the basal rate of gluconeogenesis from glycerol in the euthyroid cells is only partly dependent on electron transport from cytosol to mitochondria via the malate/aspartate shuttle and almost completely dependent in the hypothyroid state, and the hormone enhancement of the rate in euthyroid cells involves primarily the G-3-P cycle. These data are consistent with Ca(2+) being mobilized by gluconeogenic hormones and G-3-P dehydrogenase being activated by Ca(2+) so as to permit it to transfer reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kneer
- Institute for Enzyme Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soler C, Poveda B, Pastor-Anglada M, Soley M. Effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Dependency on the red-ox state of the substrate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1091:193-6. [PMID: 1995079 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(91)90061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It was found that EGF decreased both the basal- and the glucagon-stimulated gluconeogenesis from lactate alone or from a high lactate/pyruvate ratio and that it enhanced both the basal- and the glucagon-inhibited glucose synthesis from pyruvate alone or from a low lactate/pyruvate ratio. These findings demonstrate that the effect of both EGF and glucagon on glucose production by isolated hepatocytes depends on the red-ox state of the substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Soler
- Department de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Paschke R, Schwedes U, Kühnle H, Peter J, Schmeidl R, Usadel KH. [Results of clinical trials with the gluconeogenesis inhibitor 2-(3-methylcinnamylhydrazono)-propionate (MCHP)]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1989; 67:431-7. [PMID: 2498571 DOI: 10.1007/bf01725138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many compounds which directly or indirectly inhibit gluconeogenesis have been described. Some of them showed hypoglycemic action in animal experiments. 2-(3-Methylcinnamylhydrazono)-Propionat (MCHP) a derivative of hydrazine demonstrated marked hypoglycemic action in animal experiments. Nontheless the administration of MCHP to type II diabetic patients showed no hypoglycemic action. Clinical or biochemical sideeffects could not be observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Paschke
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinkum Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Synthesis of glucose from 10 mM D-glycerate by hepatocytes isolated from rats fasted 24 h was inhibited by 3-aminopicolinate (3AP), 3-mercaptopicolinate (3MP), and aminoxyacetate (AOA). The inhibition by AOA can be exerted over that caused by either of the picolinates. The effects of 3AP and 3MP were not additive, and cannot be ascribed totally to inhibition of reducing equivalent transfer by their inhibitory effect on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The time course and dependence on substrate concentration of gluconeogenesis from L-glycerate was similar to those from D-glycerate, even though the cellular content of D-glycerate was markedly less when L-glycerate was the substrate. Gluconeogenesis from L-glycerate was not significantly affected by 3AP or 3MP, but was inhibited by AOA. The degree of inhibition by AOA of glucose synthesis from L-glycerate was greater than that from D-glycerate. Studies employing [14C]paraformaldehyde revealed that hydroxypyruvate may be converted to dihydroxyacetone in the hepatocyte. A hitherto unknown inhibition site of 3AP and 3MP is inferred and a dual pathway of D- and L-glycerate gluconeogenesis consistent with these results is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Chen
- Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53705
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Zabłocki K, Michalik M, Bryła J. Substrate-dependent effect of 1-34 human parathyroid hormone fragment, dibutyryl cAMP and cAMP on gluconeogenesis in rabbit renal tubules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 886:483-90. [PMID: 2871869 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(86)90185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of 0.5 mM extracellular Ca2+ concentration both 1-34 human parathyroid hormone fragment (0.5 micrograms/ml) as well as 0.1 mM dibutyryl cAMP stimulated gluconeogenesis from lactate in renal tubules isolated from fed rabbits. However, these two compounds did not affect glucose synthesis from pyruvate as substrate. When 2.5 mM Ca2+ was present the stimulatory effect of the hormone fragment on gluconeogenesis from lactate was not detected but dibutyryl cAMP increased markedly the rate of glucose formation from lactate, dihydroxyacetone and glutamate, and inhibited this process from pyruvate and malate. Moreover, dibutyryl cAMP was ineffective in the presence of either 2-oxoglutarate or fructose as substrate. Similar changes in glucose formation were caused by 0.1 mM cAMP. As concluded from the 'crossover' plot the stimulatory effect of dibutyryl cAMP on glucose formation from lactate may result from an acceleration of pyruvate carboxylation due to an increase of intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA, while an inhibition by this compound of gluconeogenesis from pyruvate is likely due to an elevation of mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio, resulting in a decrease of generation of oxaloacetate, the substrate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Dibutyryl cAMP decreased the conversion of fracture 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the presence of both substrates which may be secondary to an inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase.
Collapse
|
9
|
Estimation of the relative contributions of enhanced production of oxalacetate and inhibition of pyruvate kinase to acute hormonal stimulation of gluconeogenesis in rat hepatocytes. An analysis of the effects of glucagon, angiotensin II, and dexamethasone on gluconeogenic flux from lactate/pyruvate. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
10
|
Sistare FD, Haynes RC. The interaction between the cytosolic pyridine nucleotide redox potential and gluconeogenesis from lactate/pyruvate in isolated rat hepatocytes. Implications for investigations of hormone action. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)38940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
11
|
Bünger R, Permanetter B. Parallel stimulation by Ca2+ of inotropism and pyruvate dehydrogenase in perfused heart. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1984; 247:C45-52. [PMID: 6331186 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1984.247.1.c45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of extracellular Ca2+ (0.375-3.75 mM) on pyruvate oxidation and active form of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDCa) were quantitated in perfused guinea pig hearts in relation to inotropism, hydraulic work performance, and myocardial oxygen uptake (MVO2). The effects of afterload and norepinephrine (NE), alone or combined with the Ca2+ channel blocker D 600, were also examined. Hearts utilized 1-5 mM pyruvate in presence of 5 mM DL-3-hydroxybutyrate as substrates. Pyruvate oxidation and MVO2 increased essentially in parallel regardless of whether inotropism and energy metabolism were stimulated by increasing the Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]), the NE concentration [( NE]), or the afterload. PDCa activity was also directly related to [Ca2+], [NE], and afterload, respectively. Elevated [Ca2+] failed, however, to stimulate pyruvate oxidation and PDCa activity when MVO2 was held constant by an appropriate decrease in afterload at constant preload. Compound D 600, theophylline, and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate also produced parallel alterations in cardiac mechanics, pyruvate oxidation, and MVO2. The striking proportionality between PDCa parameters, MVO2, and cardiac mechanics during the various alterations in cellular Ca2+ metabolism seemed to suggest that the observed Ca2+ stimulation of the PDC might be mainly secondary to increased myocardial energy utilization and myocyte respiration. Evidence for an additional direct effect of Ca2+ on the intact PDC system was not obtained.
Collapse
|
12
|
The permissive effects of glucocorticoid on hepatic gluconeogenesis. Glucagon stimulation of glucose-suppressed gluconeogenesis and inhibition of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase in hepatocytes from fasted rats. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
13
|
Chaekal OK, Boaz JC, Sugano T, Harris RA. Role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in chicken liver. Arch Biochem Biophys 1983; 225:771-8. [PMID: 6312891 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(83)90088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibited glucose utilization and lowered fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels of hepatocytes prepared from fed chickens. Partially purified preparations of chicken liver 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase were activated and inhibited by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, respectively. The sensitivities of these enzymes and the changes observed in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels are consistent with an important role for this allosteric effector in hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in chicken liver. In contrast, oleate inhibition of glucose utilization by chicken hepatocytes occurred without change in fructose, 2,6-bisphosphate levels. Likewise, pyruvate inhibition of lactate gluconeogenesis in chicken hepatocytes cannot be explained by changes in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels. Exogenous glucose caused a marked increase in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate content of hepatocytes from fasted but not fed birds. Both glucagon and lactate prevented this glucose effect. Fasted chicken hepatocytes responded to lower glucose concentrations than fasted rat hepatocytes, perhaps reflecting the species difference in hexokinase isozymes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ochs RS, Lardy HA. Catecholamine stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis at the site between pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
15
|
Abstract
1. The digitonin fractionation procedure [Zuurendonk, P. F. and Tager, J. M. (1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 333, 393-399] was used to determine the repartition of adenine nucleotides and inorganic phosphate in isolated hepatocytes from fed and fasted rats. 2. This repartition is not significantly modified in the presence of pyruvate or alanine or lactate + pyruvate for isolated hepatocytes from fasted rats. 3. In isolated hepatocytes from fasted rats, the mitochondrial ATP/ADP X PO4 ratio is two-fold lower than in isolated hepatocytes from fed rats. 4. The cytosolic ATP/ADP X PO4 ratio depends on the nutritional state and (or) on the added substrate for neoglucogenesis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yount EA, Harris RA. Studies on the inhibition of gluconeogenesis by oxalate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1980; 633:122-33. [PMID: 6778509 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(80)90044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxalate was shown to enter isolated rat hepatocytes and to inhibit gluconeogenesis from lactate, pyruvate, and alanine, but not from glutamine, proline, propionate or dihydroxyacetone. Oxalate apparently acts by inhibiting pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1.). It is known to inhibit the isolated enzyme, and inhibition of gluconeogenesis was much greater in a bicarbonate-deficient medium where pyruvate carboxylase activity limits the overall rate of the pathway. A slight inhibition of gluconeogenesis from asparagine was observed, suggesting that oxalate may also inhibit gluconeogenesis at another site. Chelation of extracellular Ca2+ does not contribute to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis. Compared to oxalate, other Ca2+ chelators have little effect upon gluconeogenesis. Also, oxalate inhibits gluconeogenesis effectively both in low Ca2+ medium and in medium containing 2.6 mM Ca2+. Chelation of intracellular Ca2+ also appears to be of little importance, since oxalate does not block the glycogenolytic effects of epinephrine, vasopressin, and angiotensin which are thought to act via Ca2+ as the second messenger. The inhibition of gluconeogenesis could conceivably contribute to the toxic actions of oxalate and to the hypoglycemic action of dichloroacetate, a compound that is metabolized to oxalate. However, oxalate did not cause hypoglycemia in the suckling rat, a model in vivo system very dependent upon gluconeogenesis for maintenance of normal blood glucose levels. Thus, inhibition of gluconeogenesis is probably of little importance in oxalate toxicity and the hypoglycemic effects of dichloroacetate.
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Crabb DW, Harris RA. Mechanism responsible for the hypoglycemic actions of dichloroacetate and 2-chloropropionate. Arch Biochem Biophys 1979; 198:145-52. [PMID: 507835 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
19
|
Garrison J, Borland M. Regulation of mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylation and gluconeogenesis in rat hepatocytes via an alpha-adrenergic, adenosine 3‘:5‘-monophosphate-independent mechanism. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
20
|
Rognstad R. Effects of medium pH on gluconeogenesis from dihydroxyacetone. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 10:619-21. [PMID: 38155 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(79)90024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
21
|
Harris RA, Mapes JP, Ochs RS, Crabb DW, Stropes L. Hormonal control of hepatic lipogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1979; 111:17-42. [PMID: 34318 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0734-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
22
|
Pilkis SJ, Park CR, Claus TH. Hormonal control of hepatic gluconeogenesis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1979; 36:383-460. [PMID: 217173 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
23
|
Ochs RS, Harris RA. Studies on the relationship between glycolysis, lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate kinase activity of rat and chicken hepatocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1978; 190:193-201. [PMID: 213030 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(78)90267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
ENGSTRÖM LORENTZ. The Regulation of Liver Pyruvate Kinase by Phosphorylation—Dephosphorylation. CURRENT TOPICS IN CELLULAR REGULATION 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152813-3.50006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
26
|
Claus TH, Pilkis SJ. Effect of dichloroacetate and glucagon on the incorporation of labeled substrates into glucose and on pyruvate dehydrogenase in hepatocytes from fed and starved rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 1977; 182:52-63. [PMID: 883838 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(77)90282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|