1
|
Study of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil samples from Al-Ahdab oil field in Waset region/Iraq. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1274328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
2
|
Frühauf D, Juza M. Development, optimization and validation of a sub-minute analytical enantioselective high performance liquid chromatographic separation for a folic acid precursor in normal phase mode. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:242-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
3
|
Zhang A, Gao W, Ma B, Jin L, Lin C. Enantiomeric separations of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls on three polysaccharide-type chiral stationary phases by supercritical fluid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2665-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
4
|
Hammitzsch-Wiedemann M, Scriba GKE. Effect of urea on analyte complexation by 2,6-dimethyl-β-CD in peptide enantioseparations by CE. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3764-71. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
5
|
Shpigun OA, Ananieva IA, Budanova NY, Shapovalova EN. Use of cyclodextrins for separation of enantiomers. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2003v072n12abeh000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
6
|
Deñola NL, Quiming NS, Catabay AP, Saito Y, Jinno K. Optimization of capillary electrophoretic enantioseparation for basic drugs with native β-CD as a chiral selector. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:2367-75. [PMID: 16718718 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the advantages of the 20 microm inner diameter (id) capillary for the enantioseparation of ten basic drugs with native beta-CD as the chiral selector. The apparent binding constants of each enantiomeric pair were determined to calculate the optimum beta-CD concentration ([beta-CD]opt) and the optimization was subsequently carried out. Comparison of the 20 microm id with 50 microm id were made in terms of the results obtained in the optimization and detection limits. Applying the optimum conditions for each compound, reproducible results (RSD from 0-3; n>5) were obtained for the 20 microm id capillary. Although the sensitivity is lower in the 20 microm id capillary, the LOD determined using this capillary is still found to be acceptable for the ten basic drugs studied. Enhanced resolution and faster analysis times were the main advantages observed with the use of this capillary in enantioseparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerissa L Deñola
- School of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zaater M, Tahboub Y, Qasrawy S. Monitoring of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface Water Using Liquid Extraction, GC/MS, and GC/ECD. ANAL LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500260886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
8
|
Hernández-Borges J, Rodríguez-Delgado MA, García-Montelongo FJ, Cifuentes A. Chiral analysis of pollutants and their metabolites by capillary electromigration methods. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:3799-813. [PMID: 16217833 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation of enantiomers is one of the most challenging tasks for any analytical technique including CE. Since the first report in 1985 showing the great possibilities of CE for the separation of chiral compounds, the amount of publications concerning this topic has quickly increased. Although chiral electromigration methods have mainly been used for enantioseparation of drugs and pharmaceuticals, they have also been applied to analyze chiral pollutants. This article intends to provide an updated overview, including works published till January 2005, on the principal applications of CE to the chiral analysis of pollutants and their metabolites, with special emphasis on articles published in the last 10 years. The main advantages and drawbacks regarding the use of CE for chiral separation of pollutants are addressed including some discussion on the foreseen trends of electromigration procedures applied to chiral analysis of contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Borges
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gómara B, García-Ruiz C, Marina ML. Enantioselective separation of the sunscreen agent 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor by electrokinetic chromatography: Quantitative analysis in cosmetic formulations. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:3952-9. [PMID: 16217832 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
3-(4-Methylbenzylidene)-camphor (MBC) is a chiral sunscreen agent used in cosmetic products. In this work, the enantioseparation of MBC has been performed by EKC and applied to the analysis of the MBC enantiomers in cosmetic creams. Different experimental conditions (type and concentration of the chiral selector, temperature, and sample solvent) have been optimized. Due to the neutral nature of this compound, anionic CD derivatives were investigated as chiral selectors. Carboxymethylated-beta-CD (CM-beta-CD) showed the highest chiral separation power, observing that a 15 mM concentration of this CD at a working temperature of 15 degrees C enabled to obtain the highest enantioresolution. However, under these conditions, tailing of peaks obtained for the enantiomers was observed. The addition of increasing concentrations of the neutral alpha-CD to CM-beta-CD at a 15 mM concentration in a 100 mM borate buffer at pH 9.0 improved the enantiomeric separation and decreased peak tailing. The use of DMF for the total dissolution of the cosmetic creams, and methanol:water (1:1 v/v) for appropriate dilution enabled to observe good shape and size for the peaks of the MBC enantiomers. After optimizing a method for the preconditioning of the capillary, the analytical characteristics of the chiral separation method for the analysis of MBC were investigated. Linearity, LODs and LOQs, precision (instrumental repeatability, method repeatability, intermediate precision), accuracy, and selectivity were evaluated. The method was applied to analyze MBC enantiomers contained in two commercial cosmetic creams containing racemic MBC and to study the skin absorption of this compound with time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Gómara
- Centro de Tecnología de los Alimentos y Servicios Biosanitarios, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Juan-García A, Font G, Picó Y. Determination of organic contaminants in food by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:793-812. [PMID: 16013808 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses recent advances in the analysis of organic contaminants, such as antibiotics, pesticides, biological toxins, and food-borne pathogens, in foods by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Special attention is paid to those aspects that increase sensitivity and/or selectivity, such as sample extraction and concentration, on-line preconcentration techniques (stacking), affinity capillaries or/and specific detectors (laser induced fluorescence (LIF), mass spectrometry (MS)). The various CE modes used to separate the compounds and the quantification strategies are also examined. As a result, this work presents an updated overview on the principal applications of CE, together with a discussion of their main advantages and drawbacks, and an outline of future trends in the analysis of organic contaminants in food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Juan-García
- Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen D, Chen Y, Hu Y. Optimized Separation of cis-trans Isomers and Enantiomers of Sertraline Using Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. Chromatographia 2004. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-004-0375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
13
|
García-Ruiz C, Siderius M, Ariese F, Gooijer C. Quenched Phosphorescence as a Detection Method in Capillary Electrophoretic Chiral Separations. Monitoring the Stereoselective Biodegradation of Camphorquinone by Yeast. Anal Chem 2003; 76:399-403. [PMID: 14719889 DOI: 10.1021/ac034949q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quenched phosphorescence detection of camphorquinone in cyclodextrin-based electrokinetic chromatography provides very favorable detection limits, i.e., 7 x 10(-)(7) M, 3 orders of magnitude lower than conventional UV absorption detection at 200 nm. The detection is based on the dynamic quenching by the analyte of the strong phosphorescence emission of brominated naphthalenesulfonate, under deoxygenated buffer solution conditions. This approach has been used to detect (1S)-(+)- and (1R)-(-)-camphorquinone after enantiomeric separation by CE. Although the use of the negatively charged carboxymethyl beta-cyclodextrin (CM-beta-CD) alone was not successful, the addition of a second, neutral cyclodextrin, alpha-CD, provided an adequate enantiomeric separation of camphorquinone. Using 25 mM borate buffer (pH 8.5) with 10 mM CM-beta-CD and 20 mM alpha-CD (applied voltage 20 kV, ambient temperature), the enantiomeric separation was performed in approximately 14 min. The chiral method was applied to monitor the stereoselectivity of the biotransformation of a racemic mixture of camphorquinone by yeast. It was found that the enantiomeric ratio calculated from the peak areas in the electropherogram (RSD = 5%) after 24 h of incubation decreased from 0.92 for the control solution (culture medium without yeast) to 0.24 for the culture medium; a similar ratio of 0.25 was observed for cell extract solutions. Therefore, racemic camphorquinone is enantioselectively degraded by yeast, the biodegradation of (1S)-(+)-camphorquinone being faster than that of the (1R)-(-)-enantiomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Laser Centre, IMBW, Biocentrum Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Lin X, Hou W, Zhu C. Enantiomer Separation of Miconazole by Capillary Electrophoresis with Dual Cyclodextrin Systems. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:1509-12. [PMID: 14640449 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A cyclodextrin-modified micellar capillary electrophoretic method (MECC) was developed using mixtures of beta, cyclodextrins (beta-CD) and mono-3-O-phenylcarbamoyl-beta-CD as chiral additives for the chiral separation of miconazole with the dual CDs systems. The enantiomers were resolved using a running buffer of 50 mmol/L borate pH 9.5 containing 15 mmol/L beta-CD and 15 mmol/L mono-3-O-phenylcarbamoyl-beta-CD containing 50 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1 mol/L urea. A study of the respective influence of the beta-CD and the mono-3-O-phenylcarbamoyl-beta-CD concentration was performed to determine the optimal conditions with respect to the resolution. Good repeatability of the method was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Lin
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jeevan. R. G, Bhaskar M, Chandrasekar R, Radhakrishnan G. Separation of harmful chlorophenols by cyclodextrin‐assisted capillary electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20021101)25:15/17<1143::aid-jssc1143>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Jeevan. R.
- Ecoanalytical Lab, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, chennai‐600 020, India; Fax: +91 044 4430267
| | - Malayappan Bhaskar
- Ecoanalytical Lab, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, chennai‐600 020, India; Fax: +91 044 4430267
| | - Raghavan Chandrasekar
- Ecoanalytical Lab, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, chennai‐600 020, India; Fax: +91 044 4430267
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gotti R, Fiori J, Hudaib M, Cavrini V. Separation of alkamides from Echinacea purpurea extracts by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2002; 23:3084-92. [PMID: 12207319 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200209)23:17<3084::aid-elps3084>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Separation of nine important alkyl methylbutyl- and isobutylamides (known as alkamides) obtained from Echinacea purpurea extracts was investigated by using cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CD-MEKC). Hydrophobic alkamides interact strongly with the micelles from the most common surfactants used in MEKC and this lead to predominant partition of the analytes into the micellar phase, resulting in poor resolution. The addition of neutral CDs to the alkaline (10 mM phosphate buffer pH 8.0) micellar system of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium cholate (SC) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) was found to improve the separation of the studied alkamides. Among the several combinations surfactant/CD, three different systems showed to be particularly effective: SDS/hydroxypropyl-beta-CD (110 mM/100 mM) and SC/heptakis (2, 3, 6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-CD (200 mM/40 mM) which provided a complete separation of the studied compounds, and SDC/heptakis (2, 6-di-O-methyl)-beta-CD. The importance of appropriate surfactant vs. CD concentration ratio as well as that of total concentration of both surfactant and CD was considered. The optimization of the separation was performed by focussing the need for a rapid separation of nine alkamides diagnostically useful to define the fingerprint of Echinacea species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Edwards SH, Shamsi SA. Chiral separation of polychlorinated biphenyls using a combination of hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin and a polymeric chiral surfactant. Electrophoresis 2002; 23:1320-7. [PMID: 12007133 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200205)23:9<1320::aid-elps1320>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation of moderately to highly hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using a conventional chiral micelle or a polymeric chiral surfactant, as the single chiral selector is very difficult since the hydrophobic interactions between the chiral PCB and the monomeric or polymeric surfactant is very strong. Combined use of a polymeric chiral surfactant, polysodium N-undecanoyl-D-valinate (poly-D-SUV) with hydroxypropyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (HP-gamma-CD) was successful in cyclodextrin modified electrokinetic chromatography (CD-EKC) enantioseparation of PCB congeners. Addition of HP-gamma-CD to the background electrolyte containing poly-D-SUV functioned to improved chiral resolution for the PCBs and reduce the analysis time for these congeners. In addition, concentration of methanol, concentration of 2-(N-cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid (CHES) buffer and separation voltage was also varied to optimize multicomponent separation of five chiral PCBs. Simultaneous separation and enantioseparation of all five PCBs was possible in less than 50 min under optimized conditions that requires a 5 mM CHES solution buffered at about pH 10 with 1.5% w/v (ca. 60 mM) poly-D-SUV and 16 mM HP-gamma-CD. In addition, 1 M urea and 20% v/v methanol should be added as organic modifier and the capillary temperature maintained at 45 degrees C. As expected the polymeric surfactant showed improved chiral resolution of PCBs over conventional micelles of SUV. Under optimized conditions, when CD-EKC of chiral PCBs using poly-D-SUV was compared to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), better resolution, higher efficiency and shorter analysis time was achieved with poly-D-SUV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selvin H Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Center of BioTechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zukowski J, De Biasi V, Berthod A. Chiral separation of basic drugs by capillary electrophoresis with carboxymethylcyclodextrins. J Chromatogr A 2002; 948:331-42. [PMID: 12831209 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with carboxymethylated beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins was used to achieve the rapid enantiomeric separation of a set of basic drugs. The enantiomers of 12 chiral amino-containing pharmaceutical compounds belonging to various therapeutic categories were analyzed by CE using an uncoated 60 cm x 75 microm I.D. silica capillary. Several experimental parameters such as the nature, concentration and pH of the buffer, nature and concentration of the anionic cyclodextrin and temperature were studied in order to optimize the enantiomeric separation. The variation of the solute partition coefficient for the chiral selector, the enantioselectivity and resolution factors are used to assess the quality of the chiral separation. It is shown that the solute affinity for the chiral selector is not related to its enantioresolution factor. None of the two cyclodextrin selectors used was able to separate the whole set of basic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Zukowski
- GlaxoSmithKline, Analytical Chemistry, New Frontiers Science Park (North), Harlow, Essex CM19 5AD, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
García-Ruiz C, Andrés R, Valera JL, Laborda F, Marina ML. Monitoring the stereoselectivity of biodegradation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls using electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20020101)25:1/2<17::aid-jssc17>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
21
|
Dabek-Zlotorzynska E, Aranda-Rodriguez R, Keppel-Jones K. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of pollutants. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:4262-80. [PMID: 11824642 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200111)22:19<4262::aid-elps4262>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An overview of major developments in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography systems in the environmental field is presented, covering relevant publications between the second half of 1999 and early 2001. Contributions are reviewed in relation to developments in detection, sample preparation/preconcentration, precision and applications. Many interesting examples are shown and the influence of important parameters on the performance of developed methods is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Dabek-Zlotorzynska
- Analysis and Air Quality Division, Environmental Technology Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Amini A. Recent developments in chiral capillary electrophoresis and applications of this technique to pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:3107-30. [PMID: 11589272 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200109)22:15<3107::aid-elps3107>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the current status of chiral capillary electrophoresis (CE). The emphasis is placed on the application of CE in chiral separation of various racemic compounds. During the last two years about 280 papers, several review articles, and two entire issues, edited by S. Fanali (Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 2577-2798, and H. Nishi and S. Terabe (J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 879, 1-471.) have been devoted to chiral CE. Enantiomeric separations of various compounds, e.g., pharmaceuticals, drug candidates, drugs and related metabolites in biological fluids, amino acids, di- and tri peptides, pesticides and fungicides, have been performed using different chiral selectors. Native and derivatized cyclodextrins continue to be the most widely used chiral selectors. Other chiral selectors such as natural and synthetic chiral micelles, crown ethers, chiral ligands, proteins, oligo- and polysaccharides, and macrocyclic antibiotics have also been applied to chiral CE separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Amini
- Medical Product Agency, Division of Biotechnology, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|