1
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Katafuchi A, Shimamoto S, Kawaguchi M, Tomonaga S, Nakashima K, Ishihara S, Ohtsuka A, Ijiri D. Effects of Delaying Post-hatch Feeding on the Plasma Metabolites of Broiler Chickens Revealed by Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics. J Poult Sci 2023; 60:2023032. [PMID: 38145205 PMCID: PMC10730121 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2023032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous nutrients are essential for body and skeletal muscle growth in newly hatched chicks, and delaying post-hatch feeding negatively affects body growth, meat yield, and meat quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of delayed post-hatch feeding on the metabolic profiles of broiler chickens using a combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics. Newly hatched chicks had either immediate free access to feed (freely fed chicks) or no access to feed from 0 to 2 days of age (delayed-fed chicks); both groups were subsequently provided feed ad libitum until 13 days of age. Untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, whereas targeted metabolomic analysis of amino acids was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ortho-phthalaldehyde derivatization. Delayed feeding increased the plasma levels of sucrose, maltose, serotonin, lactitol, gentiobiose, xylitol, threonic acid, and asparagine, and decreased the plasma levels of creatinine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. In addition, the digestibility of the nitrogen-free extract (starch and sugar) and the cecal butyric acid concentration increased in chicks subjected to delayed feeding. In contrast, delayed feeding did not affect muscle protein degradation or digestibility in chicks. Taken together, our results indicate that delaying feeding until 48 h post-hatch alters multiple metabolic pathways, which are accompanied by changes in intestinal carbohydrate digestion and cecal butyric acid content in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Katafuchi
- Graduate School of
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima
University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065,
Japan
| | - Saki Shimamoto
- Graduate School of
Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050
Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181,
Japan
| | - Mana Kawaguchi
- Department of
Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima
University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065,
Japan
| | - Shozo Tomonaga
- Division of
Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of
Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakashima
- Division of Meat
Animal and Poultry Research, Institute of
Livestock and Grassland Science, NARO, Tsukuba,
Japan
| | - Shinya Ishihara
- Graduate School of
Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life
Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino,
Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuka
- Graduate School of
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima
University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065,
Japan
- Department of
Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima
University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065,
Japan
- The United
Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences,
Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima
890-0065, Japan
| | - Daichi Ijiri
- Graduate School of
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kagoshima
University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065,
Japan
- Department of
Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima
University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065,
Japan
- The United
Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences,
Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima
890-0065, Japan
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2
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Unno T, Araki Y, Inagaki S, Kobayashi M, Ichitani M, Takihara T, Kinugasa H. Fructooligosaccharides Increase in Plasma Concentration of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14849-14855. [PMID: 34870993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) undergoes auto-oxidation at physiological pH and therefore may be poorly absorbed in the intestine. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), comprising a group of 1-kestose, nystose, and 1F-β fructofuranosyl-nystose, are fermentable by gut bacteria and converted mainly into lactate. This study was conducted to determine whether dietary FOS may help to increase the plasma concentration of EGCG in rats by preventing it from auto-oxidation. Rats consumed an assigned diet, either a 0.3% (w/w) EGCG diet or an EGCG diet with additional 1, 3, or 5% (w/w) FOS, for 2 weeks. The results showed that the plasma concentration of EGCG was 0.21 ± 0.05 μM for the EGCG alone group, and it was significantly higher at 0.65 ± 0.12 μM for the EGCG plus 5% FOS group. Treatments with FOS resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the cecal level of lactate and brought the cecal pH down, with an accompanying alteration in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Collinsella. Because EGCG concentrations in the cecal digesta of rats fed the FOS-containing diet maintained comparatively high levels, FOS likely contributed to the protection of EGCG from auto-oxidation. In conclusion, FOS reduced the pH of the lumen of the intestine, kept EGCG intact to a certain degree, and consequently allowed EGCG to be taken into the blood circulation from the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Unno
- Faculty of Human Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University, 22 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 1028341, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Araki
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara-shi, Shizuoka 4210516, Japan
| | - Shun Inagaki
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara-shi, Shizuoka 4210516, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara-shi, Shizuoka 4210516, Japan
| | - Masaki Ichitani
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara-shi, Shizuoka 4210516, Japan
| | - Takanobu Takihara
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara-shi, Shizuoka 4210516, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kinugasa
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara-shi, Shizuoka 4210516, Japan
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3
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Murakami R, Hashikura N, Yoshida K, Xiao JZ, Odamaki T. Growth-promoting effect of alginate on Faecalibacterium prausnitzii through cross-feeding with Bacteroides. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110326. [PMID: 34053530 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a commensal gut bacterium that is thought to provide protection against inflammatory diseases. However, this bacterium is extremely oxygen sensitive, which limits its industrial application as a probiotic. The use of prebiotics to increase the abundance of this bacterium in the gut is an alternative strategy to achieve its possible health-promoting effect. We evaluated nine substances as candidate prebiotics for F. prausnitzii using a pH-controlled single-batch fermenter as a human gut microbiota model. Of them, alginate markedly increased the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii, as determined by the significant increase in the number of 16S rRNA sequences corresponding to this bacterial taxon in the fecal fermentation samples detected by real-time PCR. However, F. prausnitzii strains were incapable of utilizing alginate in monoculture, implying that an interaction with another gut microbe was required. There was a positive correlation between the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii and that of Bacteroides when cultured in medium containing alginate as the sole carbon source, indicative of cross-feeding between these bacteria. Interestingly, the ratio of acetic acid, a known substrate for F. prausnitzii, produced by Bacteroides was significantly higher in the alginate-containing medium than in media containing other prebiotic candidates. Bacterially degraded alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) remained in the medium after Bacteroides monoculture, and an isolate of F. prausnitzii was able to utilize a portion of them. Genomic sequencing revealed that the strain that consumed the AOS contained an ATP-binding cassette transporter, an alginate lyase, and AlgQ1/2 homologs encoding solute-binding proteins. Furthermore, in real-time PCR analyses, AlgQ1/2 homologs were detected in fecal samples collected from 309 of 452 (68.4%) Japanese subjects. Thus, the products of alginate assimilation by Bacteroides may promote the growth of F. prausnitzii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Murakami
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Nanami Hashikura
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Research & Development Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
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4
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Błauż A, Rychlik B, Plazuk D, Peccati F, Jiménez-Osés G, Steinke U, Sierant M, Trzeciak K, Skorupska E, Miksa B. Biotin-phenosafranin as a new photosensitive conjugate for targeted therapy and imaging. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06170k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A biotinylated phenazine compound as a phenosafranin conjugate (Biot-PSF) was synthesized and reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Laboratory
- Department of Molecular Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Laboratory
- Department of Molecular Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology & Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- 90-236 Lodz
| | - Damian Plazuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Lodz
- 91-403 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Francesca Peccati
- CIC bioGUNE
- Center for Cooperative Research in Bioscience
- Bizkaia Science and Technology Park
- Computational Chemistry Lab
- 48160 Derio-Bizkaia
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CIC bioGUNE
- Center for Cooperative Research in Bioscience
- Bizkaia Science and Technology Park
- Computational Chemistry Lab
- 48160 Derio-Bizkaia
| | - Urszula Steinke
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Science
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Malgorzata Sierant
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Science
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Trzeciak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Science
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Ewa Skorupska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Science
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - Beata Miksa
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Science
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
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5
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Weng CY, Kuo TH, Chai LMX, Zou HB, Feng TH, Huang YJ, Tsai JC, Wu PH, Chiu YW, Lan EI, Sheen LY, Hsu CC. Rapid Quantification of Gut Microbial Short-Chain Fatty Acids by pDART-MS. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14892-14897. [PMID: 33151059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are small molecules ubiquitous in nature. In mammalian guts, SCFAs are mostly produced by anaerobic intestinal microbiota through the fermentation of dietary fiber. Levels of microbe-derived SCFAs are closely relevant to human health status and indicative to gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, the quantification of SCFA using conventional chromatographic approaches is often time consuming, thus limiting high-throughput screening tests. Herein, we established a novel method to quantify SCFAs by coupling amidation derivatization of SCFAs with paper-loaded direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (pDART-MS). Remarkably, SCFAs of a biological sample were quantitatively determined within a minute using the pDART-MS platform, which showed a limit of detection at the μM level. This platform was applied to quantify SCFAs in various biological samples, including feces from stressed rats, sera of patients with kidney disease, and fermentation products of metabolically engineered cyanobacteria. Significant differences in SCFA levels between different groups of biological practices were promptly revealed and evaluated. As there is a burgeoning demand for the analysis of SCFAs due to an increasing academic interest of gut microbiota and its metabolism, this newly developed platform will be of great potential in biological and clinical sciences as well as in industrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsin-Bai Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Jemmy C Tsai
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Ethan I Lan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
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6
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Fujita S, Baba Y, Nakashima Y, Higashimura Y, Yamamoto K, Matsuzaki C, Kawagishi M. Administration of Enterococcus faecium HS-08 increases intestinal acetate and induces immunoglobulin A secretion in mice. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:576-585. [PMID: 32348696 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A probiotic is considered a live microbial feed supplement that has beneficial effects on the host. In this study, the probiotic property by which Enterococcus faecium HS-08 strengthens the immune system was investigated. Using a murine model, we evaluated the abilities of this strain to increase intestinal short-chain fatty acid contents and to induce the production of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA), which are crucial for mucosal immune systems. Various amounts (0%, 0.0038%, 0.038%, or 0.38%) of strain HS-08 cells were administered to BALB/cAJcl mice, which resulted in a dose-dependent increase of fecal IgA levels. A qRT-PCR analysis of Peyer's patch cells revealed that the gene expression of retinal-dehydrogenase, interleukin 6, B-cell-activating factor, and a proliferation-inducing ligand were increased, which leads to IgA secretion via a T-cell-independent mechanism. The administration of 0.038% and 0.38% of strain HS-08 cells also increased fecal acetate levels, which plays an important role for maintaining immune functions. This cecal floral analysis and the stability of strain HS-08 against gastrointestinal digestion suggest that this strain can inhabit the host intestine. In conclusion, the administration of E. faecium HS-08 increased intestinal acetate levels and enhanced IgA secretion, which may result in strengthening of the mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Fujita
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan.,Hokukon Co., Ltd., 66-20-2 Imaichi, Fukui 918-8152, Japan
| | - Yasunori Baba
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Yukari Nakashima
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higashimura
- Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Chiaki Matsuzaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
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7
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Kawaguchi M, Nishikoba N, Shimamoto S, Tomonaga S, Kohrogi R, Yamauchi Y, Fujita Y, Ohtsuka A, Ijiri D. Feeding the Outer Bran Fraction of Rice Alters Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020430. [PMID: 32046170 PMCID: PMC7071268 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of fiber-rich food has been reported to contribute to multiple health benefits. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of a diet containing the outer bran fraction of rice (OBFR), which is rich in insoluble fiber, on the intestinal environment and metabolite profiles of rats. Fourteen 8-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into a control group and an OBFR group. For a period of 21 days, the control group was fed a control diet, while the OBFR group was fed a diet containing 5% OBFR. Metabolomics analysis revealed drastic changes in the cecal metabolites of the rats fed the OBFR diet. Furthermore, in the plasma and liver tissue, the concentrations of metabolites involved in pyruvate metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, or valine, leucine, isoleucine degradation were changed. Concordantly, the OBFR diet increased the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in these metabolic pathways in the livers of the rats. Collectively, these results suggest that the OBFR diet altered the concentrations of metabolites in the cecal contents, plasma, and liver, and the hepatic gene expressions of rats, and that this may have mainly contributed to carbohydrate metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Kawaguchi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.K.); (N.N.); (S.S.); (R.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Nao Nishikoba
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.K.); (N.N.); (S.S.); (R.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Saki Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.K.); (N.N.); (S.S.); (R.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Shozo Tomonaga
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
| | - Rukana Kohrogi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.K.); (N.N.); (S.S.); (R.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Yoko Yamauchi
- Shokkyo Co., Ltd., 5-9 Matsukawacho, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0826, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yoshikazu Fujita
- Shokkyo Co., Ltd., 5-9 Matsukawacho, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0826, Japan; (Y.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Akira Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.K.); (N.N.); (S.S.); (R.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Daichi Ijiri
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (M.K.); (N.N.); (S.S.); (R.K.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-285-8654
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8
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A Fast and Accurate Way to Determine Short Chain Fatty Acids in Human Serum by GC–MS and Their Distribution in Children with Digestive Diseases. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Hayashi Y, Fukasawa W, Hirose T, Iwatsuki M, Hokari R, Ishiyama A, Kanaida M, Nonaka K, Také A, Otoguro K, O Mura S, Shiomi K, Sunazuka T. Kozupeptins, Antimalarial Agents Produced by Paracamarosporium Species: Isolation, Structural Elucidation, Total Synthesis, and Bioactivity. Org Lett 2019; 21:2180-2184. [PMID: 30859827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kozupeptins A and B, novel antimalarial lipopeptides, were isolated from the culture broths of Paracamarosporium sp. FKI-7019. They exhibited potent antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in vitro. The structural elucidation was accomplished by a combination of spectroscopic analyses and chemical approaches including a total synthesis of kozupeptin A. Synthetic kozupeptin A demonstrated a therapeutic effect in vivo, and an intermediate exhibited much higher antimalarial activity than kozupeptin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Hayashi
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Wataru Fukasawa
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirose
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Masato Iwatsuki
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Rei Hokari
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Aki Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanaida
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Kenichi Nonaka
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Akira Také
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Otoguro
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Satoshi O Mura
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences , Kitasato University , 5-9-1 Shirokane , Minato-ku , Tokyo 108-8641 , Japan
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10
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Fukui M, Suh J, Yonezawa Y, Urushigawa Y. Major substrates for microbial sulfate reduction in the sediments of Ise Bay, Japan. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02523785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Fukui
- ; National Institute for Resources and Environment, AIST; MITI; Onogawa 16-3 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 Japan
| | - Jungin Suh
- ; Department of Urban Engineering; Yeungnam University; 214-1, Dae-Dong, Kyongsan-Si Kyongbuk 712-749 Korea
| | - Yoshitaka Yonezawa
- ; National Institute for Resources and Environment, AIST; MITI; Onogawa 16-3 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Urushigawa
- ; National Institute for Resources and Environment, AIST; MITI; Onogawa 16-3 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 Japan
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11
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Unno T, Osakabe N. Green tea extract and black tea extract differentially influence cecal levels of short-chain fatty acids in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:728-735. [PMID: 29983934 PMCID: PMC6021718 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a critical role to maintain the host's health. The biological function of microbially produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) becomes the focus of attention. This study aimed to compare the effects of green tea extract (GTE) and black tea extract (BTE) on cecal levels of SCFA in rats. Rats consumed an assigned diet of either a control diet, a GTE diet (10 g/kg), or a BTE diet (10 g/kg), for 3 weeks. The dietary addition of GTE significantly reduced the concentrations of acetate and butyrate in cecal digesta compared to the control, but BTE showed an increased trend for a cecal pool. In the GTE group, a significant amount of undigested starch was excreted in feces, but BTE produced no effect. Interestingly, feces of rats fed the BTE diet contained higher bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy numbers for total eubacteria compared to the control diet. Taken together, treatments of the diets with GTE and BTE brought about a different degree of producing SCFA in rat cecum. BTE might advantageously stimulate more SCFA production than GTE by facilitating bacterial utilization of starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Unno
- Department of Health and NutritionTokyo Kasei Gakuin UniversityChiyoda‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Naomi Osakabe
- Department of Bio‐Science and EngineeringShibaura Institute of TechnologyMinuma‐kuSaitama‐shiSaitamaJapan
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12
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SHRESTHA R, MIURA Y, HIRANO KI, CHEN Z, OKABE H, CHIBA H, HUI SP. Microwave-assisted Derivatization of Fatty Acids for Its Measurement in Milk Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:575-582. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17p557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ken-ichi HIRANO
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Zhen CHEN
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University
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13
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Zhou J, Tang L, Wang J, Wang JS. Aflatoxin B1 Disrupts Gut-Microbial Metabolisms of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Long-Chain Fatty Acids, and Bile Acids in Male F344 Rats. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:453-464. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lili Tang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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14
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Igarashi H, Ohno K, Matsuki N, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Kanemoto H, Fukushima K, Uchida K, Tsujimoto H. Analysis of fecal short chain fatty acid concentration in miniature dachshunds with inflammatory colorectal polyps. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1727-1734. [PMID: 28867685 PMCID: PMC5658568 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in the maintenance of colonic
homeostasis, and their depletion has been reported in various gastrointestinal disorders.
Inflammatory colorectal polyps (ICRPs) are a recently recognized disease specific to
miniature dachshunds (MDs), and fecal dysbiosis with a reduction of SCFA-producing
bacteria has been reported with this disease. Therefore, this study was performed based on
the hypothesis that a reduced SCFA concentration associates with the development of ICRPs.
We recruited 11 ICRP-affected MDs and 25 control MDs. Their fecal SCFA concentrations and
bacterial proportions were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography and
quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. The feces of ICRP-affected MDs contained lower
amounts of propionic acid and lower proportions of Bifidobacterium than
the feces of control MDs. Furthermore, fecal proportions of
Bifidobacterium, Firmicutes and Lactobacillus
exhibited significant positive correlations with fecal concentrations of total SCFAs
and/or propionic acid; fecal Escherichia coli proportions correlated
negatively with fecal concentrations of total SCFAs, as well as acetic, propionic and
butyric acid. This result indicates an association between fecal dysbiosis and fecal SCFA
concentrations; these phenomena may contribute to ICRP pathogenesis in MDs. Potential
therapeutic targeting of the reduced propionic acid concentration using probiotics,
prebiotics or SCFA enemas merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Department of Radiation Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoaki Matsuki
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanemoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukushima
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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15
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You J, Wu D, Zhao M, Li G, Gong P, Wu Y, Guo Y, Chen G, Zhao X, Sun Z, Xia L, Wu Y. Development of a facile and sensitive HPLC-FLD method via fluorescence labeling for triterpenic acid bioavailability investigation. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinmao You
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province; Qufu Normal University; Qufu People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Life Sciences; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province; Qufu Normal University; Qufu People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province; Qufu Normal University; Qufu People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health; China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
| | - Peiwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province; Qufu Normal University; Qufu People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province; Qufu Normal University; Qufu People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province; Qufu Normal University; Qufu People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province; Qufu Normal University; Qufu People's Republic of China
| | - Xianen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province; Qufu Normal University; Qufu People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province; Qufu Normal University; Qufu People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province; Qufu Normal University; Qufu People's Republic of China
| | - Yongning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health; China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing China
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16
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MIYAMOTO A, AOYAMA T, OKAMURA M, FUKUDA N, UENO T, ABE M, MATSUMOTO Y. Development of a Method for Measuring Phytanic Acid as a Lifestyle-related Disease Biomarker in Rat Serum Using Ultra-fast Liquid Chromatography–Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry Combined with a Modified 2-Nitrophenylhydrazine Derivatization Method. ANAL SCI 2017; 33:365-368. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masahiro OKAMURA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Noboru FUKUDA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Takahiro UENO
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Masanori ABE
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Nihon University School of Medicine
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17
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Unno T, Komagome N, Ono K, Takada H, Fujita T, Moriya C, Kohara A. Effect of Young Barley Leaf Extract Powder on the Fecal Gut Microbiota and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Rats. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.63.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Unno
- Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University
| | - Noriko Komagome
- Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University
| | - Kaori Ono
- Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University
| | - Hikari Takada
- Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University
| | - Tomoko Fujita
- Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University
| | - Chiho Moriya
- Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University
| | - Akiko Kohara
- Development Department, Yakult Health Foods Co., Ltd
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18
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Unno T, Hisada T, Takahashi S. Hesperetin Modifies the Composition of Fecal Microbiota and Increases Cecal Levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7952-7957. [PMID: 26306898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been particular interest in the prebiotic-like effects of commonly consumed polyphenols. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hesperidin (HD) and its aglycone hesperetin (HT), major flavonoids in citrus fruits, on the structure and activity of gut microbiota in rats. Rats ingested an assigned diet (a control diet, a 0.5% HT diet, or a 1.0% HD diet) for 3 weeks. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that the proportion of Clostridium subcluster XIVa in the feces collected at the third week of feeding was significantly reduced by the HT diet: 19.8 ± 4.3% for the control diet versus 5.3 ± 1.5% for the HT diet (P < 0.01). There was a significant difference in the cecal pool of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), the sum of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, between the control diet (212 ± 71 μmol) and the HT diet (310 ± 51 μmol) (P < 0.05), whereas the HD diet exhibited no effects (245 ± 51 μmol). Interestingly, dietary HT resulted in a significant increase in the excretion of starch in the feces. HT, but not HD, might reduce starch digestion, and parts of undigested starch were utilized to produce SCFA by microbial fermentation in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Unno
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University , 22 Sanban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8341, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Hisada
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Company, Ltd., 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takahashi
- TechnoSuruga Laboratory Company, Ltd., 330 Nagasaki, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka 424-0065, Japan
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19
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Unno T, Sakuma M, Mitsuhashi S. Effect of dietary supplementation of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on gut microbiota and biomarkers of colonic fermentation in rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 60:213-9. [PMID: 25078378 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in gut microbiota composition offer insights that may be relevant for several chronic conditions, including obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the modulation of gut microbiota and biomarkers of colonic fermentation end-products in rats. Rats were fed an assigned diet of either a control diet, a 0.3% (w/w) EGCG diet, or a 0.6% (w/w) EGCG diet for 4 wk. Compared to the control group, the addition of 0.6% EGCG to the diet brought about a significant increase in the starch and protein contents in the feces collected in the fourth week of feeding, but the relative weights of abdominal adipose tissues of rats were inversely suppressed. Host-specific bacterial community composition, as determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) patterns for fecal 16S ribosomal RNA, showed a significant response in the reduced occupation of Clostridium spp. and an increased trend of Bacteroides by dietary supplementation with EGCG. The 0.6% EGCG diet also influenced the status of Bifidobacterium and Prevotella to a lesser extent. Interestingly, the cecum of rats fed the 0.6% EGCG diet contained lower levels of acetic and butyric acids, whereas EGCG had little influence on the cecal level of propionic acid. EGCG also reduced the cecal p-cresol concentration in a dose-dependent fashion. In conclusion, dietary EGCG affects the growth of certain species of gut microbiota in rats and is associated with the cecal pattern of short chain fatty acids which could be responsible for regulating energy metabolism in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Unno
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University
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20
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Kawabata K, Kato Y, Sakano T, Baba N, Hagiwara K, Tamura A, Baba S, Natsume M, Ohigashi H. Effects of phytochemicals on in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:799-807. [PMID: 25721815 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1006566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been shown to improve the condition of not only the human gastrointestinal tract but also the entire body. We found that quercetin enhances the anti-inflammatory activity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, which is abundant in human intestines. Here, we assessed whether certain phytochemicals could enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of B. adolescentis. Bifidobacteria were anaerobically cultured with phytochemicals for 3 h, and the anti-inflammatory activity of the supernatants was estimated by testing their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264 macrophages. Of the 55 phytochemicals tested, phloretin, (+)-taxifolin, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate as well as quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin-4'-O-glucoside were similar to quercetin in promoting NO suppression by B. adolescentis. In addition, the phytochemicals excluding quercetin increased the concentrations of lactic and acetic acids in the co-culture supernatants. These results suggest that some phytochemicals may activate the anti-inflammatory function of B. adolescentis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuichi Kawabata
- a Department of Bioscience , Fukui Prefectural University , Fukui , Japan
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21
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Shrestha R, Hui SP, Imai H, Hashimoto S, Uemura N, Takeda S, Fuda H, Suzuki A, Yamaguchi S, Hirano KI, Chiba H. Plasma capric acid concentrations in healthy subjects determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ann Clin Biochem 2015; 52:588-96. [PMID: 25587197 DOI: 10.1177/0004563215569081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capric acid (FA10:0, decanoic acid) is a medium-chain fatty acid abundant in tropical oils such as coconut oil, whereas small amounts are present in milk of goat, cow, and human. Orally ingested FA10:0 is transported to the liver and quickly burnt within it. Only few reports are available for FA10:0 concentrations in human plasma. METHODS Fasting (n = 5, male/female = 3/2, age 31 ± 9.3 years old) and non-fasting (n = 106, male/female = 44/62, age 21.9 ± 3.2 years old) blood samples were collected from apparently healthy Japanese volunteers. The total FA10:0 in the plasma were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine followed by UV detection. RESULTS Inter and intra-assay coefficient of variation of FA10:0 assay at three different concentrations ranged in 1.7-3.9 and 1.3-5.4%, respectively, with an analytical recovery of 95.2-104.0%. FA10:0 concentration was below detection limit (0.1 µmol/L) in each fasting human plasma. FA10:0 was not detected in 50 (47.2%) of 106 non-fasting blood samples, while 29 (27.4%) plasma samples contained FA10:0 less than or equal to 0.5 µmol/L (0.4 ± 0.1), and 27 (25.5%) contained it at more than 0.5 µmol/L (0.9 ± 0.3). CONCLUSION A half of the non-fasting plasma samples contained detectable FA10:0. This simple, precise, and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography method might be useful for monitoring plasma FA10:0 during medium-chain triglycerides therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojeet Shrestha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Imai
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Oita University Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Satoru Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Naoto Uemura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Seiji Takeda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Fuda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-Invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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22
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Han J, Lin K, Sequeira C, Borchers CH. An isotope-labeled chemical derivatization method for the quantitation of short-chain fatty acids in human feces by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 854:86-94. [PMID: 25479871 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by anaerobic gut microbiota in the large bowel. Qualitative and quantitative measurements of SCFAs in the intestinal tract and the fecal samples are important to understand the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota and host metabolism homeostasis. To develop a new LC-MS/MS method for sensitive and reliable analysis of SCFAs in human fecal samples, 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3NPH) was employed for pre-analytical derivatization to convert ten C2-C6 SCFAs to their 3-nitrophenylhydrazones under a single set of optimized reaction conditions and without the need of reaction quenching. The derivatives showed excellent in-solution chemical stability. They were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column and quantitated by negative-ion electrospray ionization - multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM)/MS. To achieve accurate quantitation, the stable isotope-labeled versions of the derivatives were synthesized in a single reaction vessel from (13)C6-3NPH, and were used as internal standard to compensate for the matrix effects in ESI. Method validation showed on-column limits of detection and quantitation over the range from low to high femtomoles for the ten SCFAs, and the intra-day and inter-day precision for determination of nine of the ten SCFAs in human fecal samples was ≤8.8% (n=6). The quantitation accuracy ranged from 93.1% to 108.4% (CVs≤4.6%, n=6). This method was used to determine the SCFA concentrations and compositions in six human fecal samples. One of the six samples, which was collected from a clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes patient showed a significantly high molar ratio of branch-chain SCFAs to straight-chain SCFAs than the others. In summary, this work provides a new LC-MS/MS method for precise and accurate quantitation of SCFAs in human feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han
- University of Victoria - Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Vancouver Island Technology Park, 3101-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Karen Lin
- University of Victoria - Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Vancouver Island Technology Park, 3101-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Carita Sequeira
- University of Victoria - Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Vancouver Island Technology Park, 3101-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- University of Victoria - Genome BC Proteomics Centre, University of Victoria, Vancouver Island Technology Park, 3101-4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Petch Building Room 207, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
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23
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Donnarumma F, Wintersteiger R, Schober M, Greilberger J, Matzi V, Maier A, Schwarz M, Ortner A. Simultaneous quantitation of alpha-ketoglutaric acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in plasma by HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection. ANAL SCI 2014; 29:1177-82. [PMID: 24334984 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.29.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (KG) and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are currently being investigated in clinical trials as an approach in targeted cancer therapy. Hence, a method for the simultaneous determination of KG and HMF in plasma has been developed. Due to the strongly discriminative chemical properties of KG and HMF, SPE purification is performed using an ion-exchange cartridge to separate KG, and a hydrophobic polymeric cartridge to separate HMF. The cartridges are connected together for several steps, thus resulting in a quicker approach for the purification of plasma samples. The derivatization step is based on the reaction of the carbonyl groups of KG and HMF with dansylhydrazine (DNSH) catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid. The formed derivatives could be separated by reversed-phase LC on a C8-column, and analyzed by UV and fluorescence detection in a single run using a gradient program. The obtained results show good reproducibility, specificity, and detection limits down to the low picomole range.
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24
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Xie G, Zhang S, Zheng X, Jia W. Metabolomics approaches for characterizing metabolic interactions between host and its commensal microbes. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2787-98. [PMID: 23775228 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly evident that the gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of multiple mammalian metabolic pathways through a series of interactive host-microbiota metabolic, signaling, and immune-inflammatory axes that physiologically connect the gut, liver, brain, and other organs. Correlation of the metabotypes with the gut microbial profiles derived from culture-independent molecular techniques is increasingly useful for deciphering inherent and intimate host-microbe relationships. Real-time analysis of the small molecule metabolites derived from gut microbial-host co-metabolism is essential for understanding the metabolic functions of the gut microbiome and has tremendous implications for personalized healthcare strategies. Metabolomics, an array of analytical techniques that includes high resolution NMR spectroscopy and chromatography-MS in conjunction with chemometrics and bioinformatics tools, enables characterization of the metabolic footprints of mammalian hosts that correlate with the microbial community in the intestinal tract. The metabolomics approach provides important information of a complete spectrum of metabolites produced from the gut microbial-mammalian co-metabolism and is improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying multilevel host-microbe interactions. In this review, the interactions of gut microbiota with their host are discussed and some examples of NMR- or MS-based metabolomics applications for characterizing the metabolic footprints of gut microbial-host co-metabolism are described. Advances in the metabolomic analysis of bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and choline metabolism are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Xie
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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25
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Zheng X, Qiu Y, Zhong W, Baxter S, Su M, Li Q, Xie G, Ore BM, Qiao S, Spencer MD, Zeisel SH, Zhou Z, Zhao A, Jia W. A targeted metabolomic protocol for short-chain fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids. Metabolomics 2013; 9:818-827. [PMID: 23997757 PMCID: PMC3756605 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-013-0500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Research in obesity and metabolic disorders that involve intestinal microbiota demands reliable methods for the precise measurement of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) concentration. Here, we report a rapid method of simultaneously determining SCFAs and BCAAs in biological samples using propyl chloroformate (PCF) derivatization followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A one-step derivatization using 100 µL of PCF in a reaction system of water, propanol, and pyridine (v/v/v = 8:3:2) at pH 8 provided the optimal derivatization efficiency. The best extraction efficiency of the derivatized products was achieved by a two-step extraction with hexane. The method exhibited good derivatization efficiency and recovery for a wide range of concentrations with a low limit of detection for each compound. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of all targeted compounds showed good intra- and inter-day (within 7 days) precision (< 10%), and good stability (< 20%) within 4 days at room temperature (23-25 °C), or 7 days when stored at -20 °C. We applied our method to measure SCFA and BCAA levels in fecal samples from rats administrated with different diet. Both univariate and multivariate statistics analysis of the concentrations of these target metabolites could differentiate three groups with ethanol intervention and different oils in diet. This method was also successfully employed to determine SCFA and BCAA in the feces, plasma and urine from normal humans, providing important baseline information of the concentrations of these metabolites. This novel metabolic profile study has great potential for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Sarah Baxter
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Mingming Su
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Qiong Li
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Brandon M. Ore
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Shanlei Qiao
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Melanie D. Spencer
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Steven H. Zeisel
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
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Woudneh MB, Coreen Hamilton M, Benskin JP, Wang G, McEachern P, Cosgrove JR. A novel derivatization-based liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative characterization of naphthenic acid isomer profiles in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1293:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Microbial production of N-acetyl cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline by coexpression of the Rhizobium l-proline cis-4-hydroxylase and the yeast N-acetyltransferase Mpr1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:247-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Hoa BTM, Hibi T, Nasuno R, Matsuo G, Sasano Y, Takagi H. Production of N-acetyl cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline by the yeast N-acetyltransferase Mpr1. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 114:160-5. [PMID: 22578594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proline analog cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline (CHOP), which inhibits the biosynthesis of collagen, has been evaluated as an anticancer, antifibrosis, and antihypertension drug. However, its water solubility and low molecular weight limit its therapeutic potential since it is rapidly excreted. In addition, CHOP is considered to be too toxic due primarily to its systematic effects on noncollagen proteins. To promote retention in blood or decrease toxicity, N-acetylation of CHOP might be a novel approach as a prodrug, instead of other approaches such as the conjugation of poly(ethylene glycol-Lys) or the modification of O-acetylation. In this study, we found that N-acetyltransferase Mpr1 that detoxifies the proline analog azetidine-2-carboxylate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae also converts CHOP into N-acetyl CHOP in vitro and in vivo. Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells overexpressing Mpr1 showed greater CHOP resistance than those carrying the vector. To increase the productivity of N-acetyl CHOP, the addition of NaCl into the medium that induces osmotic stress accelerates CHOP uptake into E. coli cells. As a result, the amount of N-acetyl CHOP production in Mpr1-overexpressing cells was 3.5-fold higher than that observed in the cells cultured in the absence of NaCl. The highest yield was achieved during the exponential growth phase of cells in the presence of 2% NaCl (52 μmol N-acetyl CHOP per g wet cell weight). Our results provide a promising approach to microbial production of N-acetyl CHOP as a new prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bach Thi Mai Hoa
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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A Novel Labeling Reagent of 2-(12-Benzo[b]acridin-5-(12H)-yl)-acetohydrazide for Determination of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Traditional Chinese Herbs by HPLC-APCI-MS. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kato Y, Nakao M, Iwasa M, Hasegawa S, Yamada K. Soluble Fiber Improves Management of Diarrhea in Elderly Patients Receiving Enteral Nutrition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2012.311202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Schiffels J, Baumann MEM, Selmer T. Facile analysis of short-chain fatty acids as 4-nitrophenyl esters in complex anaerobic fermentation samples by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5848-51. [PMID: 21782191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids are crucial intermediates in the conversion of biomass to methane. Due to the complexity of raw biomass, volatile fatty acids (including n- and branched-chain compounds) as well as arylacetic and arylpropionic acids arise from digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The development of a simple extraction procedure in combination with internal standardization and facile 4-nitrophenyl-labelling via oxalylchloride-generated acylchlorides enabled robust separation and quantification of the target compounds in crude biological samples like raw cattle manure and biogas fermenter contents. Detection limits of <100 μM and error rates of less than 4% for the quantification of individual compounds in a concentration range up to 50 mM for non-diluted samples suggest that the novel method might be of general advantage for the routine quantification of short-chain fatty acids in complex biological samples including complex fermentation media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schiffels
- FH Aachen, Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien, Heinrich-Mussmann-Str. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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32
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Determination of methotrexate and indomethacin in urine using SPE-LC-DAD after derivatization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:317-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Huh YY, Kang YP, Choi YS, Park JH, Kwon SW. Development of Analytical Method of Biotin in Complex Drugs and Dietary Supplements Using HPLC-UV. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2011. [DOI: 10.4333/kps.2011.41.1.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Method development and validation for the analysis of a new anti-cancer infusion solution via HPLC. J Sep Sci 2010; 34:135-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Torii T, Kanemitsu K, Wada T, Itoh S, Kinugawa K, Hagiwara A. Measurement of short-chain fatty acids in human faeces using high-performance liquid chromatography: specimen stability. Ann Clin Biochem 2010; 47:447-52. [PMID: 20595408 DOI: 10.1258/acb.2010.010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain fatty acids such as lactic acid produced by the intestinal bacterial flora have various physiological actions involved in health, and it is important to determine the concentrations of faecal short-chain fatty acids and evaluate their relationship with large intestinal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the highly selective and sensitive simultaneous measurement of both volatile and non-volatile short-chain fatty acid hydrazides using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Faeces treated with ethanol were used as analytic samples. Short-chain fatty acids were measured as fatty acid hydrazides by HPLC. RESULTS For 12 types of short-chain fatty acid, the results regarding linearity, recovery tests and reproducibility were favourable. Faeces treated with ethanol could be stored at room temperature. DISCUSSION The stability of short-chain fatty acids in faeces at room temperature was statistically analysed. Faeces stored without treatment with ethanol showed increases/decreases in the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, which may be due to assimilation by intestinal bacteria. However, specimen in 70% ethanol and stored in room temperature exhibited no substantial changes in concentrations of short-chain fatty acids up to seven days.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Torii
- TORII Clinic, 1675 Kuratani, Maizuru Kyoto Pref. 624-0906
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36
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Rietz S, Dermendjiev G, Oppermann E, Tafesse FG, Effendi Y, Holk A, Parker JE, Teige M, Scherer GFE. Roles of Arabidopsis patatin-related phospholipases a in root development are related to auxin responses and phosphate deficiency. MOLECULAR PLANT 2010; 3:524-38. [PMID: 20053799 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssp109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A enzymes cleave phospho- and galactolipids to generate free fatty acids and lysolipids that function in animal and plant hormone signaling. Here, we describe three Arabidopsis patatin-related phospholipase A (pPLA) genes AtPLAIVA, AtPLAIVB, and AtPLAIVC and their corresponding proteins. Loss-of-function mutants reveal roles for these pPLAs in roots during normal development and under phosphate deprivation. AtPLAIVA is expressed strongly and exclusively in roots and AtplaIVA-null mutants have reduced lateral root development, characteristic of an impaired auxin response. By contrast, AtPLAIVB is expressed weakly in roots, cotyledons, and leaves but is transcriptionally induced by auxin, although AtplaIVB mutants develop normally. AtPLAIVC is expressed in the floral gynaecium and is induced by abscisic acid (ABA) or phosphate deficiency in roots. While an AtplaIVC-1 loss-of-function mutant displays ABA responsiveness, it exhibits an impaired response to phosphate deficiency during root development. Recombinant AtPLA proteins hydrolyze preferentially galactolipids and, less efficiently, phospholipids, although these enzymes are not localized in chloroplasts. We find that AtPLAIVA and AtPLAIVB are phosphorylated by calcium-dependent protein kinases in vitro and this enhances their activities on phosphatidylcholine but not on phosphatidylglycerol. Taken together, the data reveal novel functions of pPLAs in root development with individual roles at the interface between phosphate deficiency and auxin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Rietz
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Carl von Linné Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
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37
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Shimamura K, Nagumo A, Miyamoto Y, Kitazawa H, Kanesaka M, Yoshimoto R, Aragane K, Morita N, Ohe T, Takahashi T, Nagase T, Sato N, Tokita S. Discovery and characterization of a novel potent, selective and orally active inhibitor for mammalian ELOVL6. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 630:34-41. [PMID: 20045404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The elongase of long chain fatty acids family 6 (ELOVL6) is a rate-limiting enzyme for the elongation of saturated and monounsaturated long chain fatty acids. ELOVL6 is abundantly expressed in lipogenic tissues such as liver, and its mRNA expression is up-regulated in obese model animals. ELOVL6 deficient mice are protected from high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance, suggesting that ELOVL6 might be a new therapeutic target for diabetes. We previously identified an indoledione compound, Compound A, as the first inhibitor for mammalian ELOVL6. In this study, we discovered a novel compound, Compound B, and characterized its biochemical and pharmacological properties. Compound B has a more appropriate profile for use as a pharmacological tool compared to Compound A. Chronic treatment with Compound B in model animals, diet-induced obesity (DIO) and KKAy mice, showed significant reduction in hepatic fatty acid composition, suggesting that it effectively inhibits ELOVL6 activity in the liver. However, no improvement in insulin resistance by ELOVL6 inhibition was found in these model animals. Further studies need to address the impact of ELOVL6 inhibition on pharmacological abnormalities in several model animals. This is the first report on pharmacology data from chronic studies using a selective ELOVL6 inhibitor. Compound B appears to be a useful tool to further understand the physiological roles of ELOVL6 and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ELOVL6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shimamura
- Department of Metabolic Disorder Research, Tsukuba Research Institute, BANYU Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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38
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Mizutani T, Ishikawa S, Nagase T, Takahashi H, Fujimura T, Sasaki T, Nagumo A, Shimamura K, Miyamoto Y, Kitazawa H, Kanesaka M, Yoshimoto R, Aragane K, Tokita S, Sato N. Discovery of novel benzoxazinones as potent and orally active long chain fatty acid elongase 6 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7289-300. [PMID: 19883081 DOI: 10.1021/jm900915x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzoxazinones was synthesized and evaluated as novel long chain fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) inhibitors. Exploration of the SAR of the UHTS lead 1a led to the identification of (S)-1y that possesses a unique chiral quarternary center and a pyrazole ring as critical pharmacophore elements. Compound (S)-1y showed potent and selective inhibitory activity toward human ELOVL6 while displaying potent inhibitory activity toward both mouse ELOVL3 and 6 enzymes. Compound (S)-1y showed acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles after oral dosing in mice. Furthermore, (S)-1y significantly suppressed the elongation of target fatty acids in mouse liver at 30 mg/kg oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mizutani
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Merck Research Laboratories, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan.
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39
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Shimamura K, Kitazawa H, Miyamoto Y, Kanesaka M, Nagumo A, Yoshimoto R, Aragane K, Morita N, Ohe T, Takahashi T, Nagase T, Sato N, Tokita S. 5,5-Dimethyl-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione, a potent inhibitor for mammalian elongase of long-chain fatty acids family 6: examination of its potential utility as a pharmacological tool. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 330:249-56. [PMID: 19359527 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.150854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acid elongases reside in the endoplasmic reticulum and are responsible for the rate-limiting step of the elongation of long-chain fatty acids. The elongase of long-chain fatty acids (ELOVL) family 6 (ELOVL6) is involved in the elongation of saturated and monosaturated fatty acids. Increased expression of ELOVL6 in ob/ob mice suggests a role for ELOVL6 in metabolic disorders. Furthermore, ELOVL6-deficient mice are protected from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, which suggests that ELOVL6 might be a new therapeutic target for diabetes. As reported previously, we developed a high-throughput screening system for fatty acid elongases and discovered lead chemicals that possess inhibitory activities against ELOVL6. In the present study, we examined in detail the biochemical and pharmacological properties of 5,5-dimethyl-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2,4-dione (Compound-A), a potent inhibitor of ELOVL6. In in vitro assays, Compound-A dose-dependently inhibited mouse and human ELOVL6 and displayed more than 30-fold greater selectivity for ELOVL6 over the other ELOVL family members. In addition, Compound-A effectively reduced the elongation index of fatty acids of hepatocytes, suggesting that Compound-A penetrates the cell wall and inhibits ELOVL6. More importantly, upon oral administration to mice, Compound-A showed high plasma and liver exposure and potently reduced the elongation index of the fatty acids of the liver. This is the first study to report a potent and selective inhibitor of mammalian elongases. Furthermore, Compound-A seems to be a useful tool to further understand the physiological roles of ELOVL6 and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of an ELOVL6 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Shimamura
- Department of Metabolic Disorder Research, Tsukuba Research Institute, Banyu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 3 Okubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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UNNO T, OSADA C, MOTOO Y, SUZUKI Y, KOBAYASHI M, NOZAWA A. Dietary Tea Catechins Increase Fecal Energy in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 55:447-51. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.55.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Effect of Bacillus subtilis var. natto Fermented Soybean on Growth Performance, Microbial Activity in the Caeca and Cytokine Gene Expression of Domestic Meat Type Chickens. J Poult Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.46.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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42
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Effects of proteoglycan on dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:3176-83. [PMID: 18463979 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PG) are macromolecules composed of glycosaminoglycan chains covalently attached to a protein core. In this study, we examined the effects of PG on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis in rats. First, to examine whether PG may ameliorate acute established DSS colitis, PG was administered orally for 5 days to the model animals. We evaluated the effects of PG on the basis of clinical symptoms, hematological analysis, macroscopic observation, and microscopic examination. We then examined whether PG administered orally to rats was detectable in their colonic lumen. After administration of PG, the colonic contents were collected, and the molecular weight of PG in the sample was analyzed by gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography. Furthermore, we examined whether orally administered PG affected the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colonic feces. Orally administered PG ameliorated the clinical symptoms of bloody stools and diarrhea, and attenuated the increase in the white blood cell count in rats with established DSS colitis. Histologically, orally administered PG reduced the degree of mucosal erosion and inflammatory cell infiltration into the erosive area induced by DSS. Orally administered PG was detected in rat colon, although its molecular weight was slightly decreased. Orally administered PG significantly increased the concentration of total SCFAs and n-butyrate in rat colonic feces. This is the first study to indicate that exogenous PG ameliorates experimental colitis, suggesting the potential usefulness of PG for clinical treatment of colitis.
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Yu YL, Lu Y, Tang X, Cui FD. Formulation, Preparation and Evaluation of an Intravenous Emulsion Containing Brucea Javanica Oil and Coix Seed Oil for Anti-tumor Application. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:673-80. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ling Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
| | - Fu-De Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
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44
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Mitsukura K, Uno T, Yoshida T, Nagasawa T. Microbial asymmetric oxidation of 2-butyl-1,3-propanediol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:61-5. [PMID: 17453192 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 03/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbial asymmetric oxidation of 2-butyl-1,3-propanediol was investigated for an efficient synthesis of S- and R-enantiomers of 2-hydroxymethylhexanoic acid (2-HMHA). From an intensive survey of the stocked bacterial strains, Acetobacter pasteurianus IAM 12073 and Pseudomonas putida IFO 3738 were found to show the highest S- and R-2-HMHA-producing activity, respectively. Under optimized conditions, A. pasteurianus (351 mg dry cell weight) and P. putida (642 mg dry cell weight) cells produced 12.0 g l(-1) S-2-HMHA with 89% enantiomeric excess (e.e.) at 24 h of incubation and 5.1 g l(-1) R-2-HMHA with 94% e.e. at 35 h of incubation from 2-butyl-1,3-propanediol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mitsukura
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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45
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Ford QL, Burns JM, Ferry JL. Aqueous in situ derivatization of carboxylic acids by an ionic carbodiimide and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine for electron-capture detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1145:241-5. [PMID: 17306280 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a technique for the rapid, room temperature derivatization of aqueous carboxylic acids to the corresponding 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamide derivative. 3-Ethyl-1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride (TFEA) were added to aqueous samples of several acids of interest in environmental analytical chemistry, including benzoic acid, ibuprofen, clofibric acid, monochloroacetic acid, dicholoroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, monochlorophenoxy acetic acid, dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, trichlorophenoxy acetic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, and cholorobenzoic acid. Amidization was essentially complete within ten minutes, and subsequent liquid-liquid extraction of the amides with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) demonstrated recoveries of over 85%. The starting materials, both quaternary ammonium salts, were not co-extracted with the derivative, yielding much cleaner samples than historically obtained from carbodiimide based techniques. The fluorinated amides produced had excellent chromatographic characteristics for gas chromatography and were easily detected by electron-capture detection (ECD) or electron impact mass spectrometry. This method is suggested as a sensitive alternative to more traditional acidification, extraction, and ex situ derivatization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy LaRon Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Yomota C, Ohnishi Y. Determination of biotin following derivatization with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine by high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line UV detection and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1142:231-5. [PMID: 17234197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, biotin is typically determined in Japan using a microbiological method. Such microbiological assays are sensitive, but they are not always highly specific and are also rather tedious and time-consuming. In the present study, RP-HPLC and LC-MS methods for the determination of biotin have been developed by derivatizing the carboxyl group with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride. 2-Nitrophenylhydrazine is used for the derivatization of carboxylic acids, and these derivatives are known to be applicable to LC-MS detection. Biotin in tablets were extracted by the addition of water and ultrasonic agitation. In order to clean up the sample solution, the filtrate was applied to an ODS cartridge and eluted with methanol. The conditions for preparing the 2-nitrophenylhydrazide derivatives were modified from a previous report for fatty acids. Good recovery rates of over 70% were obtained for the addition of 5-125 microg of biotin per formulation. The detection limit in HPLC at 400 nm was 0.6 ng per injection, with good linearity being obtained over the concentration range 0.001-0.2 microg per injection. Further, derivatives were determined by LC-MS with electrospray ionization, where the spectra indicated the molecular ions [M+H](+). The detection limit was 0.025 ng per injection in the selected ion monitoring analysis, and linearity was observed in the range of 0.6-6 ng per injection. The proposed method could be used to specifically determine the presence of biotin in relatively clean samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Yomota
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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Noonan GO, Begley TH, Diachenko GW. Rapid quantitative and qualitative confirmatory method for the determination of monofluoroacetic acid in foods by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1139:271-8. [PMID: 17141253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid quantitative method and a qualitative confirmatory method for the determination of monofluoroacetic acid (MFA) in complex food matrices are presented. The quantitative method utilizes a water extraction, solid phase extraction clean-up and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for determination of MFA. This method showed a high degree of specificity, detecting MFA in all of the spiked samples, while none of the unfortified samples tested positive for MFA. Spike recoveries were high in all matrices analyzed, varying from 85 to 110%, and comparable at low (2mg/L) and high (20mg/L) spiking levels. Repeatability tests at the low spiking levels yielded RSDs of less than 5% for all matrices analyzed. The qualitative confirmatory method developed is conceptually different from the quantitative method, ensuring that both methods would not be subject to the same interferences. The method uses the formation of the hydrazide of MFA through derivatization with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine. This derivatization is well established for the determination of carboxylic acids, but this is the first application to the determination of MFA. The derivatization yield was matrix dependent, however the limit of detection (LOD) (0.8microg/L) was sufficient to confirm the presence of MFA in all spiked matrices. Repeatability tests at the low spiking levels yielded RSDs of approximately 7% for all matrices analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Noonan
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
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Amakura Y, Kondo K, Akiyama H, Ito H, Hatano T, Yoshida T, Maitani T. Characteristic long-chain fatty acid of Pleurocybella porrigens. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2006; 47:178-81. [PMID: 16984039 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.47.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As part of an investigation on the chemical constituents and contaminants of the basidiomycete Pleurocybella porrigens (Japanese name: Sugihiratake), we analyzed the UV-detected constituents of this mushroom using HPLC. One of the major UV peaks detected was isolated and identified as a-eleostearic acid, a long-chain fatty acid with a conjugated triene moiety, based on the results of spectroscopic methods. alpha-Eleostearic acid was concluded to be a characteristic fatty acid of P. porrigens, because it was not detected in eight other edible mushrooms examined. Free long-chain fatty acids in P. porrigens and other edible mushrooms were analyzed by HPLC after derivatization with acidic 2-nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride. Oleic acid was the main fatty acid in P. porrigens, and saturated long-chain fatty acids such as linoleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, together with a-eleostearic acid, were also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Amakura
- National Institute of Health Sciences: 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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HIRATA S, GAMOH K. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Middle-Chain Fatty Acids by 2-Nitrophenylhydrazide Derivatization. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2006. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.55.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Clemente JS, Fedorak PM. A review of the occurrence, analyses, toxicity, and biodegradation of naphthenic acids. CHEMOSPHERE 2005; 60:585-600. [PMID: 15963797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 09/07/2004] [Accepted: 02/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Naphthenic acids occur naturally in crude oils and in oil sands bitumens. They are toxic components in refinery wastewaters and in oil sands extraction waters. In addition, there are many industrial uses for naphthenic acids, so there is a potential for their release to the environment from a variety of activities. Studies have shown that naphthenic acids are susceptible to biodegradation, which decreases their concentration and reduces toxicity. This is a complex group of carboxylic acids with the general formula CnH(2n+Z)O2, where n indicates the carbon number and Z specifies the hydrogen deficiency resulting from ring formation. Measuring the concentrations of naphthenic acids in environmental samples and determining the chemical composition of a naphthenic acids mixture are huge analytical challenges. However, new analytical methods are being applied to these problems and progress is being made to better understand this mixture of chemically similar compounds. This paper reviews a variety of analytical methods and their application to assessing biodegradation of naphthenic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce S Clemente
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
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