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Zheng T, Liu C, Wang Y, Zhou H, Zhou R, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Tan Y, Li Z, Huang X, Tan J, Zhu K. Inflammatory cytokines mediating the effect of oral lichen planus on oral cavity cancer risk: a univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:375. [PMID: 38519926 PMCID: PMC10958829 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While observational studies and experimental data suggest a link between oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral cavity cancer (OCC), the causal relationship and the role of inflammatory cytokines remain unclear. METHODS This study employed a univariable and multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between OLP and the risk of OCC. Additionally, the potential role of inflammatory cytokines in modulating this association was explored. Instrumental variables were derived from genetic variants associated with OLP (n = 377,277) identified in Finngen R9 datasets, with 41 inflammatory cytokines as potential mediators, and OCC (n = 4,151) as the outcome variable. Analytical methods including Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), Weighted Median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO were utilized to assess the causal links among OLP, inflammatory cytokines, and OCC risk. Multivariable MR (MVMR) was then applied to quantify the mediating effects of these cytokines in the relationship between OLP and increased OCC risk. RESULTS MR analysis provided strong evidence of a causal relationship between OLP (OR = 1.417, 95% CI = 1.167-1.721, p < 0.001) and the risk of OCC. Furthermore, two inflammatory cytokines significantly influenced by OLP, IL-13 (OR = 1.088, 95% CI: 1.007-1.175, P = 0.032) and IL-9 (OR = 1.085, 95% CI: 1.005-1.171, P = 0.037), were identified. Subsequent analysis revealed a significant causal association only between IL-13 (OR = 1.408, 95% CI: 1.147-1.727, P = 0.001) and higher OCC risk, establishing it as a potential mediator. Further, MVMR analysis indicated that IL-13 (OR = 1.437, 95% CI = 1.139-1.815, P = 0.002) mediated the relationship between OLP and OCC, accounting for 8.13% of the mediation. CONCLUSION This study not only elucidates the potential causal relationship between OLP and the risk of OCC but also highlights the pivotal mediating role of IL-13 in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyong Liu
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yetong Wang
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zibing Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yisi Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengrui Li
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufeng Huang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jin Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Keke Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Crezee T, Rabold K, de Jong L, Jaeger M, Netea-Maier RT. Metabolic programming of tumor associated macrophages in the context of cancer treatment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1028. [PMID: 32953828 PMCID: PMC7475452 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). They are characterized by a remarkable functional plasticity, thereby mostly promoting cancer progression. Changes in immune cell metabolism are paramount for this functional adaptation. Here, we review the functional consequences of the metabolic programming of TAMs and the influence of local and systemic targeted therapies on the metabolic characteristics of the TME that shape the functional phenotype of the TAMs. Understanding these metabolic changes within the context of the cross-talk between the different components of the TME including the TAMs and the tumor cells is an essential step that can pave the way towards identifications of ways to improve responses to different treatments, to overcome resistance to treatments, tumor progression and reduce treatment-specific toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Crezee
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Rabold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne de Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana T Netea-Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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Canè S, Ugel S, Trovato R, Marigo I, De Sanctis F, Sartoris S, Bronte V. The Endless Saga of Monocyte Diversity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1786. [PMID: 31447834 PMCID: PMC6691342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy relies on either restoring or activating the function of adaptive immune cells, mainly CD8+ T lymphocytes. Despite impressive clinical success, cancer immunotherapy remains ineffective in many patients due to the establishment of tumor resistance, largely dependent on the nature of tumor microenvironment. There are several cellular and molecular mechanisms at play, and the goal is to identify those that are clinically significant. Among the hematopoietic-derived cells, monocytes are endowed with high plasticity, responsible for their pro- and anti-tumoral function. Indeed, monocytes are involved in several cancer-associated processes such as immune-tolerance, metastatic spread, neoangiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance; on the other hand, by presenting cancer-associated antigens, they can also promote and sustain anti-tumoral T cell response. Recently, by high throughput technologies, new findings have revealed previously underappreciated, profound transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic differences among monocyte subsets, which complement and expand our knowledge on the monocyte ontogeny, recruitment during steady state, and emergency hematopoiesis, as seen in cancer. The subdivision into discrete monocytes subsets, both in mice and humans, appears an oversimplification, whereas continuum subsets development is best for depicting the real condition. In this review, we examine the evidences sustaining the existence of a monocyte heterogeneity along with functional activities, at the primary tumor and at the metastatic niche. In particular, we describe how tumor-derived soluble factors and cell-cell contact reprogram monocyte function. Finally, we point out the role of monocytes in preparing and shaping the metastatic niche and describe relevant targetable molecules altering monocyte activities. We think that exploiting monocyte complexity can help identifying key pathways important for the treatment of cancer and several conditions where these cells are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Canè
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Trovato
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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4
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Cunha F, Rajnicek AM, McCaig CD. Electrical Stimulation Directs Migration, Enhances and Orients Cell Division and Upregulates the Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR2 in Endothelial Cells. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:39-53. [PMID: 30995642 DOI: 10.1159/000495311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural direct current electric fields (DC EFs) within tissues undergoing angiogenesis have the potential to influence vessel formation, but how they affect endothelial cells is not clear. We therefore quantified behaviours of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human microvasculature endothelial cells (HMEC) stimulated by EFsin vitro. Both cell types migrated faster and toward the cathode; HUVECs responded to fields as low as 50mV/mm, but the HMEC threshold was 100 mV/mm. Mitosis was stimulated at 50 mV/mm for HMEC and at 150 mV/mm for HUVECs, but the cleavage plane was oriented orthogonal to the field vector at 200 mV/mm for both cell types. That different field strengths induced different cell responses suggests distinct underlying cellular mechanisms. A physiological electric field also upregulated expression of CXCR4 and CXCR2 chemokine receptors and upregulated phosphorylation of both chemokines in HUVEC and HMEC cells. Evidence that DC EFs direct endothelial cell migration, proliferation and upregulate chemokines involved in wound healing suggests a key role for electrical control of capillary production during healing. Our data contribute to the molecular mechanisms by which DC EFs direct endothelial cell behaviour and present a novel signalling paradigm in wound healing, tissue regeneration and angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Cunha
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom,
| | - Ann M Rajnicek
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Colin D McCaig
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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5
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Matos ACHDS, Leite JDS, Consalter A, de Mello MFV, de Lourdes Gonçalves Ferreira M, Fosenca ABM, Ferreira AMR. Histopathological findings in the early diagnosis of granulosa cell tumour in bitches. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:828-834. [PMID: 30856282 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Granulosa cell tumour (GCT) is a majorly observed ovarian tumour in female dogs. It is essential to diagnose GCT in its initial phase before any symptoms occur, as histological and physiological differences may be observed based on the evolution of this neoplasia. This study aimed to analyse the anatomic histopathology of GCT in its initial stage, with findings of ovaries not yet with the suspicion of neoplasms in the Canis familiaris. A sample including 55 ovaries presented GCT in 40 female dogs. The histopathological analysis was performed considering the intensity of pleomorphism, vascularization and inflammatory infiltrate. Furthermore, we evaluated the mitoses count in 10 fields using 40× magnification. Out of the 40 animals evaluated, 62.5% (25/40) presented the tumour in only one ovary. The Call-Exner corpuscle was present in 65% (26/40) of the cases. The follicular histological pattern was present in 52.5% (21/40) of the animals. The presence of the Call-Exner bodies and the degree of tumour cell pleomorphism (p = 0.033) were associated. Moreover, the degree of vascularization and the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate were also related (p = 0.001). In addition, there was a positive relationship between the increase in pleomorphism and the mean age of the animals (p = 0.044). This study confirmed that the appearance of this tumour may precede any clinical symptomatology. In this study, the most frequent histopathological pattern was the follicular. The characteristics of the granulosa cell tumour diagnosed early were poorly pleomorphic cells, low mitotic index and presence of Call-Exner body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carina Heil da Silva Matos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (Clínica e Reprodução Animal), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Leite
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Angélica Consalter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (Clínica e Reprodução Animal), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Maria Reis Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia e Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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6
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Herreros-Villanueva M, Chen CC, Tsai EM, Er TK. Endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer: What have we learned so far? Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:63-72. [PMID: 30776361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity, most commonly in the ovaries and peritoneum. It is a complex disease that is influenced by multiple factors. It is also a common gynecological disorder and affects approximately 10-15% of all women of reproductive age. Recent molecular and pathological studies indicate that endometriosis may serve as a precursor of ovarian cancer (endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, EAOC), particularly endometrioid and clear cell ovarian cancers. Although histological and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that endometriosis has a malignant potential, the molecular mechanism that underlies the malignant transformation of endometriosis is still controversial, and the precise mechanism of carcinogenesis must be fully elucidated. Currently, the development and improvement of a new sequencing technology, next-generation sequencing (NGS), has been increasingly relevant in cancer genomics research. Recently, NGS has also been utilized in clinical oncology to advance the personalized treatment of cancer. In addition, the sensitivity, speed, and cost make NGS a highly attractive platform compared to other sequencing modalities. For this reason, NGS may lead to the identification of driver mutations and underlying pathways associated with EAOC. Here, we present an overview of the molecular pathways that have led to the current opinions on the relationship between endometriosis and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Herreros-Villanueva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Donostia/Instituto Biodonostia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Chih-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Rapid Screening Research Center for Toxicology and Biomedicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Kiong Er
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Deparment of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Deparment of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Deparment of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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7
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Ju X, Yang X, Yan T, Chen H, Song Z, Zhang Z, Wu W, Wang Y. EGFRinhibitor,AG1478, inhibits inflammatory infiltration and angiogenesis in mice with diabetic retinopathy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 46:75-85. [PMID: 30221384 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ju
- Chemical Biology Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Xi Yang
- Chemical Biology Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Tao Yan
- Chemical Biology Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Huaicheng Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Zongming Song
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Zongduan Zhang
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Wencan Wu
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
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8
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Zhao P, Miao J, Zhang K, Lv M, Han Q, Zhu P. Circulating Angiogenic T Cells Are Increased in Lupus Nephritis Patients. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5384-5390. [PMID: 30072685 PMCID: PMC6087034 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially with lupus nephritis (LN), undergo vascular damage and repair during the course of the disease. Since the recently identified angiogenic T cells (Tang) are involved in endothelial repair coupled with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), this study investigated the circulating Tang cells in LN patients and their potential correlations with disease features. MATERIAL AND METHODS Circulating Tang cells and EPCs were assessed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood samples from 67 SLE patients; of these, 32 had LN and 30 were matched healthy controls (HCs). The plasma levels of interleukin IL-17, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were quantified by immunoassays. RESULTS The percentage of circulating Tang cells in LN patients was significantly increased as compared to the non-LN patients and HCs, and they were positively correlated with the level of EPC and VEGF. Additionally, circulating Tang cell percentages were positively correlated with the extent of proteinuria in LN patients. CONCLUSIONS The increased levels of circulating Tang cells in LN patients might play a role in the balance of endothelium dysfunction in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, 3201 Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jinlin Miao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Lv
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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De Sanctis F, Ugel S, Facciponte J, Facciabene A. The dark side of tumor-associated endothelial cells. Semin Immunol 2018; 35:35-47. [PMID: 29490888 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and a requisite that tumors must achieve to fulfill their metabolic needs of nutrients and oxygen. As a critical step in cancer progression, the 'angiogenic switch' allows tumor cells to survive and grow, and provides them access to vasculature resulting in metastatic progression and dissemination. Tumor-dependent triggering of the angiogenic switch has critical consequences on tumor progression which extends from an increased nutrient supply and relies instead on the ability of the tumor to hijack the host immune response for the generation of a local immunoprivileged microenvironment. Tumor angiogenic-mediated establishment of endothelial anergy is responsible for this process. However, tumor endothelium can also promote immune tolerance by unbalanced expression of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules and by releasing soluble factors that restrain T cell function and induce apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the molecular properties of the tumor endothelial barrier and endothelial anergy and discuss the main immunosuppressive mechanisms triggered by the tumor endothelium. Lastly, we describe the current anti-angiogenic therapeutic landscape and how targeting tumor angiogenesis can contribute to improve clinical benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Sanctis
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - John Facciponte
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Suffee N, Le Visage C, Hlawaty H, Aid-Launais R, Vanneaux V, Larghero J, Haddad O, Oudar O, Charnaux N, Sutton A. Pro-angiogenic effect of RANTES-loaded polysaccharide-based microparticles for a mouse ischemia therapy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13294. [PMID: 29038476 PMCID: PMC5643514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease results from the chronic obstruction of arteries leading to critical hindlimb ischemia. The aim was to develop a new therapeutic strategy of revascularization by using biodegradable and biocompatible polysaccharides-based microparticles (MP) to treat the mouse hindlimb ischemia. For this purpose, we deliver the pro-angiogenic chemokine Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES)/CCL5 in the mouse ischemic hindlimb, in solution or incorporated into polysaccharide-based microparticles. We demonstrate that RANTES-loaded microparticles improve the clinical score, induce the revascularization and the muscle regeneration in injured mice limb. To decipher the mechanisms underlying RANTES effects in vivo, we demonstrate that RANTES increases the spreading, the migration of human endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and the formation of vascular network. The main receptors of RANTES i.e. CCR5, syndecan-4 and CD44 expressed at endothelial progenitor cell surface are involved in RANTES-induced in vitro biological effects on EPC. By using two RANTES mutants, [E66A]-RANTES with impaired ability to oligomerize, and [44AANA47]-RANTES mutated in the main RANTES-glycosaminoglycan binding site, we demonstrate that both chemokine oligomerization and binding site to glycosaminoglycans are essential for RANTES-induced angiogenesis in vitro. Herein we improved the muscle regeneration and revascularization after RANTES-loaded MP local injection in mice hindlimb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Suffee
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - C Le Visage
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - H Hlawaty
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - R Aid-Launais
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - V Vanneaux
- APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR1160 et CIC de Biothérapies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - J Larghero
- APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR1160 et CIC de Biothérapies, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - O Haddad
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - O Oudar
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
| | - N Charnaux
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France
| | - A Sutton
- INSERM, U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France. .,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital Jean Verdier, AP-HP, Bondy, France.
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11
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Ma JC, Sun XW, Su H, Chen Q, Guo TK, Li Y, Chen XC, Guo J, Gong ZQ, Zhao XD, Qi JB. Fibroblast-derived CXCL12/SDF-1α promotes CXCL6 secretion and co-operatively enhances metastatic potential through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in colon cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5167-5178. [PMID: 28811711 PMCID: PMC5537183 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i28.5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the underlying mechanism by which CXCL12 and CXCL6 influences the metastatic potential of colon cancer and internal relation of colon cancer and stromal cells.
METHODS Western blotting was used to detect the expression of CXCL12 and CXCL6 in colon cancer cells and stromal cells. The co-operative effects of CXCL12 and CXCL6 on proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and proliferation and invasion assays. The angiogenesis of HUVECs through interaction with cancer cells and stromal cells was examined by angiogenesis assay. We eventually investigated activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling by CXCL12 involved in the metastatic process of colon cancer.
RESULTS CXCL12 was expressed in DLD-1 cancer cells and fibroblasts. The secretion level of CXCL6 by colon cancer cells and HUVECs were significantly promoted by fibroblasts derived from CXCL12. CXCL6 and CXCL2 could significantly enhance HUVEC proliferation and migration (P < 0.01). CXCL6 and CXCL2 enhanced angiogenesis by HUVECs when cultured with fibroblast cells and colon cancer cells (P < 0.01). CXCL12 also enhanced the invasion of colon cancer cells. Stromal cell-derived CXCL12 promoted the secretion level of CXCL6 and co-operatively promoted metastasis of colon carcinoma through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
CONCLUSION Fibroblast-derived CXCL12 enhanced the CXCL6 secretion of colon cancer cells, and both CXCL12 and CXCL6 co-operatively regulated the metastasis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Blocking this pathway may be a potential anti-metastatic therapeutic target for patients with colon cancer.
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Fissolo N, Pignolet B, Matute-Blanch C, Triviño JC, Miró B, Mota M, Perez-Hoyos S, Sanchez A, Vermersch P, Ruet A, de Sèze J, Labauge P, Vukusic S, Papeix C, Almoyna L, Tourbah A, Clavelou P, Moreau T, Pelletier J, Lebrun-Frenay C, Montalban X, Brassat D, Comabella M. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is decreased in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients at risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:186-195. [PMID: 28681388 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify biomarkers associated with the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with natalizumab (NTZ). METHODS Relapsing-remitting MS patients who developed PML under NTZ therapy (pre-PML) and non-PML NTZ-treated patients (NTZ-ctr) were included in the study. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum samples collected at baseline, at 1- and 2-year treated time points, and during PML were analyzed for gene expression by RNA sequencing and for serum protein levels by Luminex and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. RESULTS Among top differentially expressed genes in the RNA sequencing between pre-PML and NTZ-ctr patients, pathway analysis revealed a high representation of genes belonging to the following categories: proangiogenic factors (MMP9, VEGFA), chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL5, IL8, CCL2), cytokines (IL1B, IFNG), and plasminogen- and coagulation-related molecules (SERPINB2, PLAU, PLAUR, TFPI, THBD). Serum protein levels for these candidates were measured in a 2-step manner in a screening cohort and a validation cohort of pre-PML and NTZ-ctr patients. Only matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was validated; in pre-PML patients, MMP9 protein levels were significantly reduced at baseline compared with NTZ-ctr patients, and levels remained lower at later time points during NTZ treatment. INTERPRETATION The results from this study suggest that the proangiogenic factor MMP9 may play a role as a biomarker associated with the development of PML in MS patients treated with NTZ. Ann Neurol 2017;82:186-195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fissolo
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Béatrice Pignolet
- Neurosciences Pole, Toulouse University Hospital Center, Physiopathology Center of Toulouse-Purpan, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Toulouse, and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Clara Matute-Blanch
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Berta Miró
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Mota
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Perez-Hoyos
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Sanchez
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick Vermersch
- Lilly University, Lille University Hospital Center, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Targeted Therapies Federal Hospital University Project, Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Ruet
- Bordeaux University Hospital Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Neurology Services, and Magendie Neurocenter, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérôme de Sèze
- Department of Neurology, Civil Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Labauge
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Center, France
| | - Sandra Vukusic
- Department of Neurology, Lyon University Hospital Center, Bron, France
| | - Caroline Papeix
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Ayman Tourbah
- Department of Neurology and Reims Faculty of Medicine, Reims University Hospital Center, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, and University of Paris VIII, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Pierre Clavelou
- Department of Neurology, Clermont-Ferrand Regional University Hospital Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Department of Neurology, Dijon University Hospital Center, Dijon, France
| | - Jean Pelletier
- Aix-Marseille University, Public Assistance Hospitals of Marseilles, Timone Hospital, Clinical Neurosciences Pole, Neurology Service, National Center for Scientific Research, Biological and Medical Magnetic Resonance Center, Marseille, France
| | | | - Xavier Montalban
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Brassat
- Neurosciences Pole, Toulouse University Hospital Center, Physiopathology Center of Toulouse-Purpan, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Toulouse, and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Multiple Sclerosis Center of Catalonia, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Park JY, Kang YW, Choi BY, Yang YC, Cho BP, Cho WG. CCL11 promotes angiogenic activity by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in HUVECs. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2017; 37:416-421. [PMID: 28279120 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2017.1298132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CCR3, the receptor for CCL11, is expressed on the surface of immune cells and even on non-immune cells. CCL11-CCR3 interactions can promote cell migration and proliferation. In this study, we investigated the effect of CCL11 on angiogenesis in HUVECs and also examined the molecular mechanisms of this process. We found that CCL11 induced mRNA transcription and protein expression of CCR3 in HUVECs. Moreover, the scratch wound healing assay and MTS proliferation assay both demonstrated that CCL11 promotes endothelial cell migration and induces weak proliferation. CCL11 directly induced microvessel sprouting from the rat aortic ring; these effects occurred earlier and to a greater extent than with VEGF stimulation. Furthermore, CCL11-induced phosphorylation of Akt was abolished by PI3K inhibitors. siRNA-mediated knockdown of CCR3 led to a significant reduction of PI3K phosphorylation. However, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 were not changed, even after CCL11 treatment. Cumulatively, our data suggest that the CCL11-CCR3 interaction mainly activates PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Park
- a Department of Anatomy , Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine , Wonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Wool Kang
- a Department of Anatomy , Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine , Wonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Young Choi
- a Department of Anatomy , Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine , Wonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Yang
- a Department of Anatomy , Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine , Wonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Pil Cho
- a Department of Anatomy , Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine , Wonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gil Cho
- a Department of Anatomy , Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine , Wonju , Republic of Korea
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Chhokar V, Tucker AL. Angiogenesis: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108925320300700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of an adequate vascular supply is critical for the viability of normal and neoplastic tissues. Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from preexisting capillary networks, plays an important role in a number of physiologic and pathologic processes, including reproduction, wound repair, inflammatory diseases, and tumor growth. Angiogenesis involves sequential steps that are triggered in response to angiogenic growth factors released by inflammatory, mesenchymal, or tumor cells that act as ligands for endothelial cell receptor tyrosine kinases. Stimulated endothelial cells detach from neighboring cells and migrate, proliferate, and form tubes. The immature tubes are subsequently invested and stabilized by pericytes or smooth muscle cells. Angiogenesis depends upon complex interactions among various classes of molecules, including adhesion molecules, proteases, structural proteins, cell surface receptors, and growth factors. The therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis targeted against ischemic and neoplastic diseases has been investigated in preclinical animal models and in clinical trials. Proangiogenic trials that have stimulated vessel growth in ischemic coronary or peripheral tissues through expression, delivery, or stimulated release of growth factors have shown efficacy in animal models and mixed results in human clinical trials. Antiangiogenic trials have used strategies to block the function of molecules critical for new vessel growth or maturation in the treatment of a variety of malignancies, mostly with results less encouraging than those seen in preclinical models. Pro-and antiangiogenic clinical trials demonstrate that strategies for optimal drug delivery, dosing schedules, patient selection, and endpoint measurements need further investigation and refinement before the therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis will realize its full clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Chhokar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Salem VA Health System, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Amy L. Tucker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division; Cardiovascular Research Center; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Duletić-Načinović A, Gačić V, Valković T, Lučin K, Fišić E, Žuvić-Butorac M, Seili-Bekafigo I, Jonjić N. Concurrent Elevations of VEGF, Osteopontin and MCP-1 Serum Levels Are Independent Predictors of Survival in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Acta Haematol 2016; 136:52-61. [PMID: 27160311 DOI: 10.1159/000444624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are heterogeneous diseases, and the identification of additional DLBCL risk factors is especially important. METHODS In this pilot study, we determined pretreatment serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteopontin (OPN) and macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in 67 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients before treatment with standard chemoimmunotherapy and in 30 healthy persons. RESULTS Serum levels of all three cytokines were significantly elevated in untreated patients compared to controls. VEGF and OPN concentrations were higher in patients with advanced Ann Arbor stage, B symptoms, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score ≥2, International Prognostic Index (IPI) ≥3 and partial/no remission. A high MCP-1 level was associated with advanced stage, increased IPI and bone marrow infiltration. In univariate analysis, elevated OPN and VEGF, and concurrent elevation of all three biomarkers, were identified as significant predictors of poor survival. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that elevated OPN combined with elevated VEGF levels was one of the best parameter subsets predicting poorest survival. CONCLUSION According to our preliminary results, serum levels of VEGF and OPN before treatment predict response to therapy and survival after chemoimmunotherapy, and may help to further stratify DLBCL patients into risk groups.
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The Serum Levels of the Soluble Factors sCD40L and CXCL1 Are Not Indicative of Endometriosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2857161. [PMID: 27190986 PMCID: PMC4852116 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2857161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign but troublesome gynecological condition, characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Lately, the discovery and validation of noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for endometriosis is one of the main priorities in the field. As the disease elicits a chronic inflammatory reaction, we focused our interest on two factors well known to be involved in inflammation and neoplastic processes, namely, soluble CD40 Ligand and CXCL1, and asked whether differences in the serum levels of sCD40L and CXCL1 in endometriosis patients versus controls can serve as noninvasive disease markers. A total of n = 60 women were included in the study, 31 endometriosis patients and 29 controls, and the serum levels of sCD40L and CXCL1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of expression of both sCD40L and CXCL1 between patients and controls. This study adds useful clinical data showing that the serum levels of the soluble factors sCD40L and CXCL1 are not associated with endometriosis and are not suitable as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, we found a trend toward lower levels of sCD40L in the deep infiltrating endometriosis subgroup making it a potentially interesting target worth further investigation.
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Brandenburg S, Müller A, Turkowski K, Radev YT, Rot S, Schmidt C, Bungert AD, Acker G, Schorr A, Hippe A, Miller K, Heppner FL, Homey B, Vajkoczy P. Resident microglia rather than peripheral macrophages promote vascularization in brain tumors and are source of alternative pro-angiogenic factors. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:365-78. [PMID: 26718201 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are an essential part of the glioblastoma microenvironment. However, in brain tumors the function of these immune cells is not sufficiently clarified. In our study, we investigated differential pro-angiogenic activities of resident microglia and peripheral macrophages and their impact on glioma vascularization and progression. Our data demonstrate stable accumulation of microglia/macrophages during tumor growth. These cells often interact with tumor blood vessels correlating with vascular remodeling. Here, we identified resident microglia as well as peripheral macrophages as part of the perivascular niche, primarily contacting endothelial cells. We found overexpression of a variety of pro-angiogenic molecules within freshly isolated microglia/macrophages from glioma. CXCL2, until now a poorly described chemokine, was strongly up-regulated and showed better angiogenic activity than VEGF in vitro. Blocking the CXCL2-CXCR2 signaling pathway resulted in considerably diminished glioma sizes. Additionally, the importance of microglia/macrophages in tumor angiogenesis was confirmed by depletion of these cells in vivo. Vessel density decreased by 50% leading to significantly smaller tumor volumes. Remarkably, selective reduction of resident microglia affected tumoral vessel count comparable to ablation of the whole myeloid cell fraction. These results provide evidence that resident microglia are the crucial modulatory cell population playing a central role in regulation of vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis in brain tumors. Thus, resident microglia represent an alternative source of pro-angiogenic growth factors and cytokines.
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Bischoff DS, Zhu JH, Makhijani NS, Yamaguchi DT. Induction of CXC chemokines in human mesenchymal stem cells by stimulation with secreted frizzled-related proteins through non-canonical Wnt signaling. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1262-1273. [PMID: 26730270 PMCID: PMC4691694 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i11.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) on CXC chemokine expression in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).
METHODS: CXC chemokines such as CXCL5 and CXCL8 are induced in hMSCs during differentiation with osteogenic differentiation medium (OGM) and may be involved in angiogenic stimulation during bone repair. hMSCs were treated with conditioned medium (CM) from L-cells expressing non-canonical Wnt5a protein, or with control CM from wild type L-cells, or directly with sFRPs for up to 10 d in culture. mRNA expression levels of both CXCL5 and CXCL8 were quantitated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and secreted protein levels of these proteins determined by ELISA. Dose- (0-500 ng/mL) and time-response curves were generated for treatment with sFRP1. Signal transduction pathways were explored by western blot analysis with pan- or phosphorylation-specific antibodies, through use of specific pathway inhibitors, and through use of siRNAs targeting specific frizzled receptors (Fzd)-2 and 5 or the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor-2 (RoR2) prior to treatment with sFRPs.
RESULTS: CM from L-cells expressing Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt, stimulated an increase in CXCL5 mRNA expression and protein secretion in comparison to control L-cell CM. sFRP1, which should inhibit both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling, surprisingly enhanced the expression of CXCL5 at 7 and 10 d. Dickkopf1, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling prevented the sFRP-stimulated induction of CXCL5 and actually inhibited basal levels of CXCL5 expression at 7 but not at 10 d post treatment. In addition, all four sFRPs isoforms induced CXCL8 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner with maximum expression at 7 d with treatment at 150 ng/mL. The largest increases in CXCL5 expression were seen from stimulation with sFRP1 or sFRP2. Analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in the presence of OGM showed sFRP1-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (p44/42) maximally at 5 min after sFRP1 addition, earlier than that found in OGM alone. Addition of a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor also prevented sFRP-stimulated increases in CXCL8 mRNA. siRNA technology targeting the Fzd-2 and 5 and the non-canonical Fzd co-receptor RoR2 also significantly decreased sFRP1/2-stimulated CXCL8 mRNA levels.
CONCLUSION: CXC chemokine expression in hMSCs is controlled in part by sFRPs signaling through non-canonical Wnt involving Fzd2/5 and the ERK and PLC pathways.
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Interleukin-18 expression increases in response to neurovascular damage following soman-induced status epilepticus in rats. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015. [PMID: 26203299 PMCID: PMC4510912 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Status epilepticus (SE) can cause neuronal cell death and impaired behavioral function. Acute exposure to potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as soman (GD) can cause prolonged SE activity, micro-hemorrhage and cell death in the hippocampus, thalamus and piriform cortex. Neuroinflammation is a prominent feature of brain injury with upregulation of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines including those of the IL-1 family. The highly pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) belongs to the IL-1 family of cytokines and can propagate neuroinflammation by promoting immune cell infiltration, leukocyte and lymphocyte activation, and angiogenesis and helps facilitate the transition from the innate to the adaptive immune response. The purpose of this study is to characterize the regional and temporal expression of IL −18 and related factors in the brain following SE in a rat GD seizure model followed by localization of IL-18 to specific cell types. Methods The protein levels of IL-18, vascular endothelial growth factor and interferon gamma was quantified in the lysates of injured brain regions up to 72 h following GD-induced SE onset using bead multiplex immunoassays. IL-18 was localized to various cell types using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, macrophage appearance scoring and T-cell quantification was determined using immunohistochemistry. Micro-hemorrhages were identified using hematoxylin and eosin staining of brain sections. Results Significant increases in IL-18 occurred in the piriform cortex, hippocampus and thalamus following SE. IL-18 was primarily expressed by endothelial cells and astrocytes associated with the damaged neurovascular unit. The increase in IL-18 was not related to macrophage accumulation, neutrophil infiltration or T-cell appearance in the injured tissue. Conclusions These data show that IL-18 is significantly upregulated following GD-induced SE and localized primarily to endothelial cells in damaged brain vasculature. IL-18 upregulation occurred following leukocyte/lymphocyte infiltration and in the absence of other IL-18-related cytokines, suggesting another function, potentially for angiogenesis related to GD-induced micro-hemorrhage formation. Further studies at more chronic time points may help to elucidate this function.
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Abstract
The failing human heart is a bustling network of intra- and inter-cellular signals and related processes attempting to coordinate a repair mechanism for the injured or diseased myocardium. While our understanding of signaling by mode of cytokines is well understood on a systemic level, we are only now coming to elucidate the role of cytokines in cardiac self-regulation. An increasing number of studies are showing now that cardiomyocytes themselves have not only the ability but also the mandate to produce signals, and play direct roles in how these signals are interpreted. One of the families of cytokines employed by distressed cardiac tissue are chemokines. By regulating the movement of pro-inflammatory cell types to sites of injury, we see now how the myocardium responds to stress. Herein we review the participation of these inflammatory mediators and explore the delicate balance between their protective roles and damaging functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Jarrah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Gao J, Wang A, Zhang M, Li H, Wang K, Han Y, Wang Z, Shi C, Wang W. RNAi targeting of CCR2 gene expression induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC-3M cells. Oncol Res 2014; 21:73-82. [PMID: 24406043 DOI: 10.3727/096504013x13775486749173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most lethal malignancy in men. It has been reported that chemokines, produced by cancer cells, have linked with tumor progression and metastatic spread. We have proven that chemokine (C-C) motif ligand 2 (CCL2) is involved in the growth and invasion of PCa. In this study, we studied whether CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), the receptor of CCL2, also contributes to PCa progression. We constructed the recombinant plasmid pGCsi-CCR2 and investigated the effects of pGCsi-CCR2 on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of PC-3M cells. RT-PCR and Western blot assay showed that transfection with the plasmid pGCsi-CCR2 successfully inhibited the CCR2 expression. The cell proliferation rate was significantly slow, and the apoptotic rate was increased in PC-3M cells treated with CCR2-siRNA, indicated by MTT cell viability and TUNEL assay, respectively. As expected, CCR2 knockdown also reduced the migration and invasion of PC-3M cells, as illustrated through wound-healing assay and Transwell assay. The possible molecular mechanism was the regulation of several signal pathways involved in survival, apoptosis, migration, and metastasis. Altogether, the present finding suggests that CCR2 expression is crucial for CCL2-induced proliferation and invasion of PC-3M cells, and CCR2 could also be a promising molecular target for prevention of PCa growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Gao
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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CXC and CC chemokines as angiogenic modulators in nonhaematological tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:768758. [PMID: 24971349 PMCID: PMC4058128 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally homologous heparin-binding proteins that includes potent inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis. The imbalance between angiogenic and angiostatic chemokine activities can lead to abnormalities, such as chronic inflammation, dysplastic transformation, and even tumor development and spreading. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in patients with nonhaematological tumors.
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Shen M, Yuan F, Jin J, Yuan Y. The effect of TC14012 on alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization in mice. Ophthalmic Res 2014; 52:17-24. [PMID: 24853648 DOI: 10.1159/000358201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To observe the effect of TC14012 (a CXCR4 antagonist and CXCR7 agonist) on alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV) in a mouse model. METHODS CNV was induced in vivo by alkali burns on the corneas of BALB/c mice. A total of 54 mice treated with alkali burns were randomly divided into 3 groups, each of which received one of the following treatments: bilateral subconjunctival injections of TC14012 for 3 consecutive days, bilateral subconjunctival injections of balanced saline (BS) for 3 consecutive days or no treatment (blank control). The areas of CNV were measured on days 3, 7 and 14 after the alkali burns. CXCR4, CXCR7, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) mRNAs were detected and quantified by real-time reverse transcription PCR on days 7 and 14. Additionally, the expression of the proteins CXCR4, CXCR7, VEGF, β-arrestin 2, total ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS On day 7 after the alkali burns, the CNV area, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA levels, and VEGF, β-arrestin 2 and phospho-ERK1/2 protein levels were increased in the TC14012 group compared with the nontreatment and BS groups. However, on day 14, the CNV area, CXCR4, CXCR7, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA levels, and the CXCR4, CXCR7, VEGF and β-arrestin 2 protein levels were significantly decreased in the TC14012 group. CONCLUSIONS TC14012 initially enhanced alkali burn-induced CNV but reduced CNV in later stages. In addition to CXCR4, CXCR7 is involved in the pathogenesis of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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IL-27 activates human trophoblasts to express IP-10 and IL-6: implications in the immunopathophysiology of preeclampsia. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:926875. [PMID: 24659862 PMCID: PMC3934746 DOI: 10.1155/2014/926875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the effects of IL-27 on human trophoblasts and the underlying regulatory signaling mechanisms in preeclampsia. Methods. The expression of IL-27 and IL-27 receptor (WSX-1) was studied in the placenta or sera from patients with preeclampsia. In vitro, we investigated the effects of IL-27 alone or in combination with inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) on the proinflammatory activation of human trophoblast cells (HTR-8/SVneo) and the underlying intracellular signaling molecules. Results. The expression of IL-27 and IL-27 receptor α (WSX-1) was significantly elevated in the trophoblastic cells from the placenta of patients with preeclampsia compared with control specimens. In vitro, IL-27 could induce the expression of inflammatory factors IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10/IP-10) and IL-6 in trophoblasts, and a synergistic effect was observed in the combined treatment of IL-27 and TNF-α on the release of IP-10 and IL-6. Furthermore, the production of IP-10 and IL-6 stimulated by IL-27 was differentially regulated by intracellular activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase-AKT, p38MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways. Conclusions. These results provide a new insight into the IL-27-activated immunopathological effects mediated by distinct intracellular signal transduction molecules in preeclampsia.
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Kimura K, Nagano M, Salazar G, Yamashita T, Tsuboi I, Mishima H, Matsushita S, Sato F, Yamagata K, Ohneda O. The role of CCL5 in the ability of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells to support repair of ischemic regions. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 23:488-501. [PMID: 24171667 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent and possess high proliferative activity, and thus are thought to be a reliable cell source for cell therapies. Here, we isolated MSC from adult tissues--bone marrow (BM-MSC), dental tissue (DT-MSC), and adipose tissue (AT-MSC)--to compare how autotransplantation of these MSC effectively supports the repair of bone fracture and ischemic tissue. An analysis by in vitro differentiation assays showed no significant difference among these MSC. The degree of calcification at the joint region of bone fracture was higher in mice transplanted with AT-MSC than in mice transplanted with BM-MSC or DT-MSC. To compare the abilities of MSC, characterize how those MSC affect the repair of ischemic tissue, vascular occlusion was performed by ligation of the femoral artery and vein. Of note, the blood flow in the ischemic region rapidly increased in mice injected with AT-MSC, as contrasted with mice injected with BM- or DT-MSC. The number of CD45- and F4/80-positive cells at the femoral region was higher in AT-MSC recipients than in recipients of BM-MSC or DT-MSC. We evaluated the mRNA expression of angiogenic and migration factors in MSC and found the expression of CCL5 mRNA was higher in AT-MSC than in BM-MSC or DT-MSC. Transplantation of AT-MSC with impaired expression of CCL5 clearly showed a significant delay in the recovery of blood flow compared with the control. These findings have fundamental implications for the modulation of AT-MSC in the repair of vasculature and bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kimura
- 1 Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
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The role of the vessel wall. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 992:31-46. [PMID: 23546703 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-339-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of the vessel wall is complex and its effects are wide-ranging. The vessel wall, specifically the endothelial monolayer that lines the inner lumen, possesses the ability to influence various physiological states both locally and systemically by controlling vascular tone, basement membrane component synthesis, angiogenesis, haemostatic properties, and immunogenicity. This is an overview of the function and structure of the vessel wall and how disruption and dysfunction in any of these regulatory roles can lead to disease states.
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Hang TC, Tedford NC, Reddy RJ, Rimchala T, Wells A, White FM, Kamm RD, Lauffenburger DA. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet (PF-4) factor 4 inputs modulate human microvascular endothelial signaling in a three-dimensional matrix migration context. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3704-18. [PMID: 24023389 PMCID: PMC3861718 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of angiogenesis is under complex regulation in adult organisms, particularly as it often occurs in an inflammatory post-wound environment. As such, there are many impacting factors that will regulate the generation of new blood vessels which include not only pro-angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, but also angiostatic factors. During initial postwound hemostasis, a large initial bolus of platelet factor 4 is released into localized areas of damage before progression of wound healing toward tissue homeostasis. Because of its early presence and high concentration, the angiostatic chemokine platelet factor 4, which can induce endothelial anoikis, can strongly affect angiogenesis. In our work, we explored signaling crosstalk interactions between vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet factor 4 using phosphotyrosine-enriched mass spectrometry methods on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells cultured under conditions facilitating migratory sprouting into collagen gel matrices. We developed new methods to enable mass spectrometry-based phosphorylation analysis of primary cells cultured on collagen gels, and quantified signaling pathways over the first 48 h of treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor in the presence or absence of platelet factor 4. By observing early and late signaling dynamics in tandem with correlation network modeling, we found that platelet factor 4 has significant crosstalk with vascular endothelial growth factor by modulating cell migration and polarization pathways, centered around P38α MAPK, Src family kinases Fyn and Lyn, along with FAK. Interestingly, we found EphA2 correlational topology to strongly involve key migration-related signaling nodes after introduction of platelet factor 4, indicating an influence of the angiostatic factor on this ambiguous but generally angiogenic signal in this complex environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chun Hang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Schulze C, Lochner K, Jonitz A, Lenz R, Duettmann O, Hansmann D, Bader R. Cell viability, collagen synthesis and cytokine expression in human osteoblasts following incubation with generated wear particles using different bone cements. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:227-34. [PMID: 23677027 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In total hip arthroplasty, wear particles generated at articulating surfaces and interfaces between bone, cement and implants have a negative impact on osteoblasts, leading to osteolysis and implant loosening. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effects of particulate wear debris generated at the interface between straight stainless steel hip stems (Exeter(®)) and three different bone cements (Palacos(®) R, Simplex™ P and Cemex(®) Genta) on cell viability, collagen synthesis and cytokine expression in human osteoblasts. Primary osteoblasts were treated with various concentrations of wear particles. The synthesis of procollagen type I and different cytokines was analysed, and markers for apoptosis and necrosis were also detected. The cytokine synthesis rates in the osteoblasts were initially increased and varied, depending on incubation time and particle concentration. Specific differences in the synthesis rates of interleukin (IL)‑6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were observed with the different bone cements examined. The negative effect of the particles on the synthesis of procollagen type I and increased rates of cell apoptosis and necrosis were observed with all three cements analysed. Our present data suggest that wear particles from the interface between the total hip stem and bone cement have a significant effect on viability, cytokine expression and collagen synthesis in human osteoblasts, depending on the bone cement used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schulze
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medicine Rostock, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
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Morin-Brureau M, De Bock F, Lerner-Natoli M. Organotypic brain slices: a model to study the neurovascular unit micro-environment in epilepsies. Fluids Barriers CNS 2013; 10:11. [PMID: 23391266 PMCID: PMC3605299 DOI: 10.1186/2045-8118-10-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is now recognized that the neuro-vascular unit (NVU) plays a key role in several neurological diseases including epilepsy, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and the development of gliomas. Most of these disorders are associated with NVU dysfunction, due to overexpression of inflammatory factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Various in vitro models have been developed previously to study the micro-environment of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However none of these in vitro models contained a complete complement of NVU cells, nor maintained their interactions, thus minimizing the influence of the surrounding tissue on the BBB development and function. The organotypic hippocampal culture (OHC) is an integrative in vitro model that allows repeated manipulations over time to further understand the development of cell circuits or the mechanisms of brain diseases. Methods/design OHCs were cultured from hippocampi of 6–7 day-old Sprague Dawley rats. After 2 weeks in culture, seizures were induced by application of kainate or bicuculline into culture medium. The regulation of BBB integrity under physiological and pathological conditions was evaluated by immunostaining of the main tight junction (TJ) proteins and of the basal membrane of microvessels. To mimic or prevent BBB disassembly, we used diverse pro- or anti-angiogenic treatments. Discussion This study demonstrates that NVU regulation can be investigated using OHCs. We observed in this model system an increase in vascularization and a down-regulation of TJ proteins, similar to the vascular changes described in a chronic focus of epileptic patients, and in rodent models of epilepsy or inflammation. We observed that Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein disappeared after seizures associated with neuronal damage. In these conditions, the angiopoeitin-1 system was down-regulated, and the application of r-angiopoeitin-1 allowed TJ re-assembly. This article demonstrates that organotypic culture is a useful model to decipher the links between epileptic activity and vascular damage, and also to investigate NVU regulation in diverse neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Morin-Brureau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, 2, Montpellier, France.
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Vickerman V, Kim C, Kamm RD. Microfluidic Devices for Angiogenesis. MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL SIGNALING IN ANGIOGENESIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30856-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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RANTES/CCL5-induced pro-angiogenic effects depend on CCR1, CCR5 and glycosaminoglycans. Angiogenesis 2012; 15:727-44. [PMID: 22752444 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-012-9285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis involves angiogenesis and inflammation with the ability of endothelial cells and monocytes to respond to chemokines. We addressed here by in vitro and in vivo approaches, the role of the chemokine Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES)/CCL5 on angiogenesis through its receptors CCR1, CCR5, syndecan-1 (SDC-1), syndecan-4 (SDC-4) and CD-44. Our data demonstrate that RANTES/CCL5 is pro-angiogenic in a rat subcutaneous model. This RANTES/CCL5-activity may be related to the in vitro promotion of endothelial cell migration, spreading and neo-vessel formation. RANTES/CCL5-mediated angiogenesis depends at least partly on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) secretion by endothelial cells, since this effect is decreased when endothelial cells are incubated with anti-VEGF receptor antibodies. RANTES/CCL5-induced chemotaxis is mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-9. We demonstrate that specific receptors of RANTES/CCL5 such as G protein-coupled receptors CCR1 and CCR5, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, SDC-1, SDC-4 or CD-44, play a major role in RANTES/CCL5-induced angiogenic effects. By the use of two RANTES/CCL5 mutants, [E66A]-RANTES/CCL5 with impaired ability to oligomerize, and [44AANA47]-RANTES/CCL5 mutated in the main RANTES/CCL5-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding site, we demonstrate that chemokine oligomerization and binding to GAGs are essential in RANTES/CCL5-induced angiogenic effects. According to these results, new therapeutic strategies based on RANTES/CCL5 can be proposed for neo-angiogenesis after vascular injury. Mutants of RANTES/CCL5 may also represent an innovative approach to prevent the angiogenesis associated with the formation of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Prado C, de Paz B, López P, Gómez J, Alperi-López M, Ballina-García FJ, Suárez A. Circulating endothelial cells and their progenitors in systemic lupus erythematosus and early rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:1775-84. [PMID: 22753774 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the endothelial progenitor cell population in SLE and early RA patients and its potential relationships with disease features and cytokine serum levels. METHODS Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), mature EPCs (mEPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) were measured in peripheral blood samples from 83 SLE and 85 early RA patients and 39 healthy controls by flow cytometry on the basis of CD34, VEGF receptor 2 and CD133 expression. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, VEGF-A, IFN-α, TGF-β and GM-CSF were quantified by immunoassays. Clinical and immunological data were obtained by reviewing clinical histories. RESULTS Circulating EPCs were increased in SLE but not in early RA patients associated with an enhanced CD34(+) bone marrow-progenitor cell release but unrelated to disease features. The amount of mEPCs, however, was significantly higher in SLE patients presenting anti-SSA/SSB antibodies and/or malar rash, whereas the presence of specific autoantibodies was associated with EC counts in early RA and SLE patients. As expected, most cytokines tested were altered in both diseases but, interestingly, IFN-α levels, and to a lesser extent IL-6 and IL-1β, were associated with CD133 loss and increased mEPC number, whereas VEGF and TGF-β seem to exert an opposite effect. CONCLUSION Our results show that high IFN-α levels and/or the presence of disease-specific antibodies may identify a group of SLE patients with increased mEPC and EC counts, and consequently probably defective endothelial repair, thus supporting their use as surrogate biomarkers of endothelial damage and high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Furuya M, Tanaka R, Miyagi E, Kami D, Nagahama K, Miyagi Y, Nagashima Y, Hirahara F, Inayama Y, Aoki I. Impaired CXCL4 expression in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) of ovarian cancers arising in endometriosis. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:671-80. [PMID: 22555803 PMCID: PMC3408972 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cells play important roles in progression of solid neoplasms including ovarian cancers. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to angiogenesis and immune suppression by modulating microenvironment. Ovarian cancer develops occasionally on the bases of endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory disease. We have recently demonstrated differential expressions of CXCR3 variants in endometriosis and ovarian cancers. In this study, we showed impaired CXCL4 expression in TAMs of ovarian cancers arising in endometriosis. The expressions of CXCL4 and its variant CXCL4L1 were investigated among normal ovaries (n = 26), endometriosis (n = 18) and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOCs) composed of clear cell (n = 13) and endometrioid (n = 11) types. In addition, four cases of EAOCs that contained both benign and cancer lesions contiguously in single cysts were investigated in the study. Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed significant downregulation of CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 in EAOCs compared with those in endometriosis. In all EAOCs coexisting with endometriosis in the single cyst, the expression levels of CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 were significantly lower in cancer lesions than in corresponding endometriosis. Histopathological study revealed that CXCL4 was strongly expressed in CD68+ infiltrating macrophages of endometriosis. In microscopically transitional zone between endometriosis and EAOC, CD68+ macrophages often demonstrated CXCL4− pattern. The majority of CD68+ TAMs in overt cancer lesions were negative for CXCL4. Collective data indicate that that CXCL4 insufficiency may be involved in specific inflammatory microenvironment of ovarian cancers arising in endometriosis. Suppression of CXCL4 in cancer lesions is likely to be attributable to TAMs in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko Furuya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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Gervasi MT, Romero R, Bracalente G, Erez O, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Yeo L, Yoon BH, Chaiworapongsa T. Midtrimester amniotic fluid concentrations of interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10: evidence for heterogeneity of intra-amniotic inflammation and associations with spontaneous early (<32 weeks) and late (>32 weeks) preterm delivery. J Perinat Med 2012; 40:329-43. [PMID: 22752762 PMCID: PMC3498502 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2012-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intra-amniotic inflammation is traditionally defined as an elevation of amniotic fluid interleukin (IL)-6. Previous case control studies have suggested an association between an elevated midtrimester amniotic fluid IL-6 and preterm delivery, although such an association has been recently challenged. Intra-amniotic inflammation can also be defined by an elevation of the T-cell chemokine, Interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP)-10. An elevation in amniotic fluid IP-10 has been associated with chronic chorioamnionitis, a lesion frequently found in late spontaneous preterm birth and fetal death. In contrast, an elevation in amniotic fluid IL-6 is typically associated with acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between an elevation in amniotic fluid IL-6 in the midtrimester and preterm delivery at or before 32 weeks of gestation, and the amniotic fluid concentration of IP-10 and preterm delivery after 32 weeks of gestation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cohort study included 847 consecutive women undergoing genetic midtrimester amniocentesis; in 796 cases, amniotic fluid and pregnancy outcome was available for study after exclusion of abnormal karyotype and/or fetal congenital anomalies. Spontaneous preterm delivery was defined as early (≤32 weeks) or late (after 32 completed weeks of pregnancy). The amniotic fluid and maternal blood concentrations of IL-6 and IP-10 were measured by specific immunoassays. RESULTS 1) The prevalence of preterm delivery was 8.3% (66/796), while those of early and late spontaneous preterm delivery were 1.5% (n=12), and 4.5% (n=36), respectively; 2) patients who had a spontaneous preterm delivery after 32 weeks of gestation had a higher median amniotic fluid IP-10 concentration than those who delivered at term [median 713 pg/mL, inter-quartile range (IQR) 509-1427 pg/mL vs. median 589 pg/mL, IQR 402-953 pg/mL; P=0.006] and an elevation of amniotic fluid IP-10 concentration above 502 pg/mL (derived from an ROC curve) was associated with late spontaneous preterm delivery [odds ratio 3.9 (95% CI 1.6-9.9)]; 3) patients who had a spontaneous preterm delivery ≤32 weeks of gestation had a higher median amniotic fluid IL-6 concentration than those who delivered at term [median 2052 pg/mL, IQR 435-3015 pg/mL vs. median 414 pg/mL, IQR 209-930 pg/mL; P=0.006], and an elevated amniotic fluid IL-6 concentration above 1740 pg/mL (derived from an ROC curve) was associated with early spontaneous preterm delivery [odds ratio 9.5 (95% CI 2.9-31.1)]; 4) subclinical intra-amniotic inflammation, defined as an elevation of IL-6 (≥2.9 ng/mL) or IP-10 (≥2.2 ng/mL) concentration above the 95th percentile of patients who had uncomplicated term delivery (n=652 for IL-6 and n=633 for IP-10), was observed in 6.3% (50/796) and 5.8% (45/770) of cases, respectively. Although each type of inflammation is a risk factor for spontaneous preterm delivery, many patients had a term delivery without complication; 5) the amniotic fluid in the midtrimester did not contain microorganisms detectable with cultivation techniques. CONCLUSIONS INTRA-amniotic inflammation is heterogeneous. Some patients have elevated amniotic fluid concentrations of IL-6, and are at risk for spontaneous preterm delivery before 32 weeks of gestation, while others have an elevated IP-10 (a chemotactic T-cell chemokine) and such patients are at risk for spontaneous preterm delivery after 32 weeks of gestation. A fraction of patients have subclinical intra-amniotic inflammation and deliver at term. The clinical significance of this condition remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Teresa Gervasi
- Ob/Gyn Unit, Department for Health of Mothers and Chidlren, Azienda Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, and Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriella Bracalente
- Ob/Gyn Unit, Department for Health of Mothers and Children, ASL 9 Treviso, Italy
| | - Offer Erez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, and Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, and Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lami Yeo
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, and Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Detroit, MI, and Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Selection of Clinically useful Angiogenesis-Related Biomarkers: An Update. Int J Biol Markers 2012; 27:e65-81. [DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2012.8989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex phenomenon that involves interaction between growth factors/cytokines and their receptors, and proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors, which, in addition to and in accordance with their main roles, act together during this multistep process. cancer angiogenesis is specific, because the same factors that enable angiogenesis are involved in the process of carcinogenesis. the aim of this review was to analyze the current knowledge regarding the significance of selected biomarkers in cancer angiogenesis, with emphasis on their prognostic value in the circulation.
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that is one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. This disease is defined by the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque, which is responsible for artery obstruction and affects the heart by causing myocardial infarction. The vascular wall is composed of three cell types and includes a monolayer of endothelial cells and is irrigated by a vasa vasorum. The formation of the vascular network from the vasa vasorum is a process involved in the destabilization of this plaque. Cellular and molecular approaches are studied by in vitro assay of activated endothelial cells and in in vivo models of neovascularization. Chemokines are a large family of small secreted proteins that have been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of angiogenesis during several pathophysiological processes such as ischaemia. Chemokines may exert their regulatory activity on angiogenesis directly by activating the vasa vasorum, or as a consequence of leucocyte infiltration through the endothelium, and/or by the induction of growth factor expression such as that of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). The present review focuses on the angiogenic activity of the chemokines RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted)/CCL5 (CC chemokine ligand 5). RANTES/CCL5 is released by many cell types such as platelets or smooth muscle cells. This chemokine interacts with GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) and GAG (glycosaminoglycan) chains bound to HSPGs (heparan sulfate proteoglycans). Many studies have demonstrated, using RANTES/CCL5 mutated on their GAG or GPCR-binding sites, the involvement of these chemokines in angiogenic process. In the present review, we discuss two controversial roles of RANTES/CCL5 in the angiogenic process.
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Li Z, Yao L, Li J, Zhang W, Wu X, Liu Y, Lin M, Su W, Li Y, Liang D. Celastrol nanoparticles inhibit corneal neovascularization induced by suturing in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1163-73. [PMID: 22419865 PMCID: PMC3298384 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s27860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Celastrol, a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in anti-inflammation and anti-angiogenesis research. However, the poor water solubility of celastrol restricts its further application. This paper aims to study the effect of celastrol nanoparticles (CNPs) on corneal neovascularization (CNV) and determine the possible mechanism. METHODS To improve the hydrophilicity of celastrol, celastrol-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanopolymeric micelles were developed. The characterization of CNPs was measured by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Celastrol loading content and release were assessed by ultraviolet-visible analysis and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and capillary-like tube formation were assayed. In vivo, suture-induced CNV was chosen to evaluate the effect of CNPs on CNV in rats. Immunohistochemistry for CD68 assessed the macrophage infiltration of the cornea on day 6 after surgery. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels, respectively, of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in the cornea. RESULTS The mean diameter of CNPs with spherical shape was 48 nm. The celastrol loading content was 7.36%. The release behavior of CNPs in buffered solution (pH 7.4) showed a typical two-phase release profile. CNPs inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose-independent manner and suppressed the capillary structure formation. After treatment with CNPs, the length and area of CNV reduced from 1.16 ± 0.18 mm to 0.49 ± 0.12 mm and from 7.71 ± 0.94 mm(2) to 2.29 ± 0.61 mm(2), respectively. Macrophage infiltration decreased significantly in the CNP-treated corneas. CNPs reduced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in the cornea on day 6 after suturing. CONCLUSION CNPs significantly inhibited suture-induced CNV by suppressing macrophage infiltration and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the rat cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
The blood and lymphatic vasculature have an important role in skin homeostasis. Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis-the growth of new vessels from existing ones-have received tremendous interest because of their role in promoting cancer spread. However, there is increasing evidence that both vessel types also have a major role in acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. Vessels change their phenotype during inflammation (vascular remodeling). In inflamed skin, vascular remodeling consists of a hyperpermeable, enlarged network of vessels with increased blood flow, and influx of inflammatory cells. During chronic inflammation, the activated endothelium expresses adhesion molecules, cytokines, and other molecules that lead to leukocyte rolling, attachment, and migration into the skin. Recent studies reveal that inhibition of blood vessel activation exerts potent anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, anti-angiogenic drugs might be used to treat inflammatory conditions. In particular, topical application of anti-angiogenic drugs might be ideally suited to circumvent the adverse effects of systemic therapy with angiogenesis inhibitors. Our recent results indicate that stimulation of lymphatic vessel growth and function unexpectedly represents a new approach for treating chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Amin A, Choi SK, Galan M, Kassan M, Partyka M, Kadowitz P, Henrion D, Trebak M, Belmadani S, Matrougui K. Chronic inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation prevents ischaemia-induced vascular pathology in type II diabetic mice. J Pathol 2012; 227:165-74. [PMID: 22081301 DOI: 10.1002/path.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation are important mechanisms that underlie many of the serious consequences of type II diabetes. However, the role of ER stress and inflammation in impaired ischaemia-induced neovascularization in type II diabetes is unknown. We studied ischaemia-induced neovascularization in the hind-limb of 4-week-old db - /db- mice and their controls treated with or without the ER stress inhibitor (tauroursodeoxycholic acid, TUDCA, 150 mg/kg per day) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra, 0.5 µg/mouse per day) for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was similar in all groups of mice. Blood glucose, insulin levels, and body weight were reduced in db - /db- mice treated with TUDCA. Increased cholesterol and reduced adiponectin in db - /db- mice were restored by TUDCA and anakinra treatment. ER stress and inflammation in the ischaemic hind-limb in db - /db- mice were attenuated by TUDCA and anakinra treatment. Ischaemia-induced neovascularization and blood flow recovery were significantly reduced in db - /db- mice compared to control. Interestingly, neovascularization and blood flow recovery were restored in db - /db- mice treated with TUDCA or anakinra compared to non-treated db - /db- mice. TUDCA and anakinra enhanced eNOS-cGMP, VEGFR2, and reduced ERK1/2 MAP-kinase signalling, while endothelial progenitor cell number was similar in all groups of mice. Our findings demonstrate that the inhibition of ER stress and inflammation prevents impaired ischaemia-induced neovascularization in type II diabetic mice. Thus, ER stress and inflammation could be potential targets for a novel therapeutic approach to prevent impaired ischaemia-induced vascular pathology in type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amin
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Choi SK, Galán M, Partyka M, Trebak M, Belmadani S, Matrougui K. Chronic inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) augments vascular response to limb ischemia in type 2 diabetic mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 180:410-8. [PMID: 22067908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a key risk factor for ischemia-dependent pathology; therefore, a significant medical need exists to develop novel therapies that increase the formation of new vessels. We explored the therapeutic potential of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFRtk) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibition in impaired ischemia-induced neovascularization in type 2 diabetes. Unilateral femoral artery ligation was performed in diabetic (db(-)/db(-)) and their control (db(-)/db(+)) mice for 4 weeks, followed by treatments with EGFRtk and ERK1/2 inhibitors (AG1478, 10 mg/kg/day and U0126, 400 μg/kg/day, respectively) for 3 weeks. Neovascularization, blood flow recovery, vascular and capillary density, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity were significantly impaired and were associated with enhanced EGFRtk and ERK1/2 activity in db(-)/db(-) mice. EGFRtk and ERK1/2 inhibitors did not have any effect in control mice, while in db(-)/db(-) mice there was a significant increase in neovascularization, blood flow recovery, vascular and capillary density, endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and were associated with a decrease in EGFRtk and ERK1/2 activity. Our data demonstrated that the inhibition of EGFRtk and ERK1/2 restored ischemia-induced neovascularization and blood flow recovery in type 2 diabetic mice. Thus, EGFRtk and ERK1/2 could be possible targets to protect from ischemia-induced vascular pathology in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Furuya M, Yoneyama T, Miyagi E, Tanaka R, Nagahama K, Miyagi Y, Nagashima Y, Hirahara F, Inayama Y, Aoki I. Differential expression patterns of CXCR3 variants and corresponding CXC chemokines in clear cell ovarian cancers and endometriosis. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 122:648-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Persson AB, Buschmann IR. Vascular growth in health and disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2011; 4:14. [PMID: 21904523 PMCID: PMC3160751 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2011.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular growth forms the first functional organ system during development, and continues into adult life, wherein it is often associated with disease states. Genetically determined vasculogenesis produces a primary vascular plexus during ontogenesis. Angiogenesis, occurring, e.g., in response to metabolic stress within hypoxic tissues, enhances tissue capillarization. Arteriogenesis denotes the adaptive outgrowth of pre-existent collateral arteries to bypass arterial stenoses in response to hemodynamic changes. It has been debated whether vasculogenesis occurs in the adult, and whether or not circulating progenitor cells structurally contribute to vessel regeneration. Secondly, the major determinants of vascular growth – genetic predisposition, metabolic factors (hypoxia), and hemodynamics – cannot be assigned in a mutually exclusive fashion to vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis, respectively; rather, mechanisms overlap. Lastly, all three mechanisms of vessel growth seem to contribute to physiological embryogenesis as well as adult adaptive vascularization as occurs in tumors or to circumvent arterial stenosis. Thus, much conceptual and terminological confusion has been created, while therapies targeting neovascularization have yielded promising results in the lab, but failed randomized studies when taken to the bedside. Therefore, this review article aims at providing an exact definition of the mechanisms of vascular growth and their contribution to embryonic development as well as adult adaptive revascularization. We have been looking for potential reasons for why clinical trials have failed, how vitally the application of appropriate methods of measuring and assessment influences study outcomes, and how relevant, e.g., results gained in models of vascular occlusive disease may be for antineoplastic strategies, advocating a reverse bedside-to-bench approach, which may hopefully yield successful approaches to therapeutically targeting vascular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bondke Persson
- Institut fuer Vegetative Physiologie, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
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Perrot-Applanat M, Vacher S, Toullec A, Pelaez I, Velasco G, Cormier F, Saad HES, Lidereau R, Baud V, Bièche I. Similar NF-κB gene signatures in TNF-α treated human endothelial cells and breast tumor biopsies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21589. [PMID: 21754991 PMCID: PMC3130773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse pathologies ranging from vascular and immune diseases to cancer. TNF-α is one of the mediators of endothelial dysfunction through the activation of transcription factors, including NF-κB. While HUVEC (macrovascular cells) have been largely used in the past, here, we documented an NF-κB gene signature in TNFα-stimulated microvascular endothelial cells HMEC often used in tumor angiogenesis studies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We measured mRNA expression of 55 NF-κB related genes using quantitative RT-PCR in HUVEC and HMEC. Our study identified twenty genes markedly up-regulated in response to TNFα, including adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines, and apoptosis regulators, some of them being identified as TNF-α-inducible genes for the first time in endothelial cells (two apoptosis regulators, TNFAIP3 and TNFRSF10B/Trail R2 (DR5), the chemokines GM-CSF/CSF2 and MCF/CSF1, and CD40 and TNF-α itself, as well as NF-κB components (RELB, NFKB1 or 50/p105 and NFKB2 or p52/p100). For eight genes, the fold induction was much higher in HMEC, as compared to HUVEC. Most importantly, our study described for the first time a connection between NF-κB activation and the induction of most, if not all, of these genes in HMEC as evaluated by pharmacological inhibition and RelA expression knock-down by RNA interference. Moreover, since TNF-α is highly expressed in tumors, we further applied the NF-κB gene signature documented in TNFα-stimulated endothelial cells to human breast tumors. We found a significant positive correlation between TNF and the majority (85 %) of the identified endothelial TNF-induced genes in a well-defined series of 96 (48 ERα positive and 48 ERα negative) breast tumors. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together these data suggest the potential use of this NF-κB gene signature in analyzing the role of TNF-α in the endothelial dysfunction, as well as in breast tumors independently of the presence of ERα.
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Kaur J, Sanyal SN. Diclofenac, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, inhibits DMH-induced colon tumorigenesis through suppression of MCP-1, MIP-1α and VEGF. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:707-18. [PMID: 21268133 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a physiological process involving growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones; however, it also plays a critical role in tumor progression. It favors the transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia, that is, from a state of cellular multiplication to uncontrolled proliferation. Therefore targeting angiogenesis will be profitable as a mechanism to inhibit tumor's lifeline. Further, it is important to understand the cross-communication between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-master switch in angiogenesis and other molecules in the neoplastic and pro-inflammatory milieu. We studied the role of two important chemokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-lα] alongwith VEGF and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)-induced chemopreventive effect in experimental colon cancer in rat. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 30 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously (s.c.) once-a-week) for 18 wk was used as pro-carcinogen and diclofenac (8 mg/kg body weight, orally daily) as the preferential cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Expression of COX-2 and VEGF was found to be significantly elevated in the DMH-treated group as compared to the control, which was lowered notably by Diclofenac co-administration with DMH. Gelatin zymography showed prominent MMP-9 activity in the DMH-treated rats, while the activity was nearly absent in all the other groups. Expression of MCP-1 was found to be markedly increased whereas MIP-1α expression was found to be decreased in colonic mucosa from DMH-treated rats, which was reversed in the DMH + Diclofenac group. Our results indicate potential role of chemokines alongwith VEGF in angiogenesis in DMH-induced cancer and its chemoprevention with diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Farina A, Zucchini C, De Sanctis P, Morano D, Sekizawa A, Purwosunu Y, Okai T, Rizzo N. Gene expression in chorionic villous samples at 11 weeks of gestation in women who develop pre-eclampsia later in pregnancy: implications for screening. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:181-5. [PMID: 21268038 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the gene expression profile in chorionic villous samples (CVSs) of women destined to develop pre-eclampsia (PE). METHOD Case-control study encompassing five women destined to develop PE [cases matched for gestational age with 30 controls]. We quantified mRNA expression on tissue samples from CVS of normal and PE patients. We then assessed mRNA expressions of cathepsin (CTSD), angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2), interleukin 8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10, neurokinin B (NKB), matrix metallopeptidase 9, major histocompatibility complex, class I, C (HLA-C)and human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G). Data were analyzed by nonparametric rank analysis. RESULTS For all the mRNA species considered in this study, except CTSD and ANGPT2, all the mean observed ranks in the PE group were significantly altered compared with the rank expectation among controls. mRNA for NKB and HLA-C were the markers with the highest degree of aberration in PE, compared with those in controls. CONCLUSION Our study has directly showed that gene expressions relating to trophoblastic cell invasion or utero-placental hemodynamic adaptation are altered in the first trimester trophoblasts that go on to develop PE later. These results posit the use of residual CVS as a possible screening method for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Farina
- Division of Prenatal Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Sciumè G, Santoni A, Bernardini G. Chemokines and glioma: Invasion and more. J Neuroimmunol 2010; 224:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Macrophage chemotactic protein-1 mRNA levels in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Clin Exp Med 2010; 10:229-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-010-0093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gerber PA, Hippe A, Buhren BA, Müller A, Homey B. Chemokines in tumor-associated angiogenesis. Biol Chem 2010; 390:1213-23. [PMID: 19804363 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2009.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth is dependent on several key factors. Apart from immune escape and an efficient blockade of apoptotic signals, tumors require oxygen and nutrients to grow past a diameter of 2 microm. Therefore, it is of vital importance for the tumor to facilitate tumor-associated angiogenesis, e.g., the de novo formation of new blood vessels. In addition to established and key angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, chemokines, a superfamily of cytokine-like proteins that bind to seven transmembrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptors, have been associated with angiogenesis under homeostatic conditions. Chemokines were initially identified as key factors that control the directional migration of leukocytes, stem cells and cancer cells in vitro and which critically regulate their trafficking in vivo. Recently their role in establishing a favorable microenvironment for tumor-associated angiogenesis, a process that requires complex bidirectional interactions of the tumor and associated vessels, has been the focus of research. Chemokine-promoted angiogenesis not only facilitates tumor growth by supplying nutrients and oxygen but it is also a prerequisite to tumor metastasis. Hence, the pharmacologic control of tumor angiogenesis presents a promising strategy for novel anticancer therapeutics. Here, we discuss the current pathogenetic concepts of tumor-associated angiogenesis in the context of chemokines and their receptors and highlight promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arne Gerber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Abstract
Tumor growth is restricted to approximately 2 microm diameters by simple dissociation of nutrients and oxygen. Hence, tumors require the formation of new blood vessels for further growth progression. This process is referred to as tumor neo-angiogenesis. The process of tumor neo-angiogenesis is directed by complex bidirectional interactions between the tumor and the vessels, and creates a favorable microenvironment for angiogenesis. The tumor vessel system not only facilitates tumor growth by providing nutrients and oxygen but also functions as a convenient route for metastasis. A group of small cytokine-like molecules called chemokines have been shown to participate in angiogenesis under homeostatic and neoplastic conditions. This review summarizes their role in tumor-associated angiogenesis.
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