1
|
Sellamuthu G, Naseer A, Hradecký J, Chakraborty A, Synek J, Modlinger R, Roy A. Gene expression plasticity facilitates different host feeding in Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 165:104061. [PMID: 38151136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Host shift is ecologically advantageous and a crucial driver for herbivore insect speciation. Insects on the non-native host obtain enemy-free space and confront reduced competition, but they must adapt to survive. Such signatures of adaptations can often be detected at the gene expression level. It is astonishing how bark beetles cope with distinct chemical environments while feeding on various conifers. Hence, we aim to disentangle the six-toothed bark beetle (Ips sexdentatus) response against two different conifer defences upon host shift (Scots pine to Norway spruce). We conducted bioassay and metabolomic analysis followed by RNA-seq experiments to comprehend the beetle's ability to surpass two different terpene-based conifer defence systems. Beetle growth rate and fecundity were increased when reared exclusively on spruce logs (alternative host) compared to pine logs (native host). Comparative gene expression analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to digestion, detoxification, transporter activity, growth, signalling, and stress response in the spruce-feeding beetle gut. Transporter genes were highly abundant during spruce feeding, suggesting they could play a role in pumping a wide variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds or allelochemicals out. Trehalose transporter (TRET) is also up-regulated in the spruce-fed beetle gut to maintain homeostasis and stress tolerance. RT-qPCR and enzymatic assays further corroborated some of our findings. Taken together, the transcriptional plasticity of key physiological genes plays a crucial role after the host shift and provides vital clues for the adaptive potential of bark beetles on different conifer hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Aisha Naseer
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Microbiome Team, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Synek
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Modlinger
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Amit Roy
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Microbiome Team, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chinarak K, Panpipat W, Panya A, Phonsatta N, Cheong LZ, Chaijan M. Improved long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in sago palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) larvae by dietary fish oil supplementation. Food Chem 2022; 393:133354. [PMID: 35667178 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional values of sago palm weevil larvae (SPWL) reared on mixed plant-based diets (ground sago palm trunk (GS), cornmeal, rice bran, soybean, and perilla seed), containing different levels of dietary fish oil (FO) were compared to those reared on commercial pig feed (PF) and GS. Increased FO content resulted in an increase in ω-3 fatty acids (FA) in SPWL (p < 0.05), especially α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. When fed FO-fortified diets instead of PF, the health-promoting indices of the SPWL lipid improved significantly (e.g., decreased ω-6/ω-3 ratio, thrombogenicity index, and hypercholesterolemic FA with increased PUFA content). The lipid, protein, and mineral contents of SPWL were increased while growth performance was maintained on a 1.5% FO-fortified diet. Higher FO levels (3-5%) had a negative impact on the nutritional values and growth performance of the SPWL. Thus, there was a reasonable chance of developing a high-nutrient alternative insect for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanittha Chinarak
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Industry, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Industry, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
| | - Atikorn Panya
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Natthaporn Phonsatta
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phaholyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Manat Chaijan
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Centre of Excellence, Department of Food Industry, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amutkan Mutlu D, Polat I, Suludere Z. Histomorphology of the Malpighian Tubules and the Chemical Composition of the Spherocrystals in the Tubule Epithelial Cells of Adult Leptophyes albovittata (Kollar, 1833) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-9. [PMID: 34344493 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762101223x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In insects, the number, cytological and histological structures, and the spherocrystals of the Malpighian tubules (MTs) can vary considerably in different insect groups. These differences are considered important because they can be used as taxonomic characters. For this purpose, the ultrastructure of the MT epithelial cells in Leptophyes albovittata (Kollar, 1833) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) was examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The wall of each tubule consists of a single layer of cells. These cells have round-shaped nuclei. Two different cell types were demonstrated in the tubule cell. These are cells that have electron-dense cytoplasm and electron-lucent cytoplasm. It was observed that the cytoplasm of these cells has many spherocrystals. The chemical composition of the spherocrystals was found to be high in carbon, phosphorus, and manganese in tubule cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damla Amutkan Mutlu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara06500, Turkey
| | - Irmak Polat
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı18100, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Suludere
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara06500, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Allgeier JE, Wenger S, Layman CA. Taxonomic identity best explains variation in body nutrient stoichiometry in a diverse marine animal community. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13718. [PMID: 32792497 PMCID: PMC7426267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal-mediated nutrient dynamics are critical processes in ecosystems. Previous research has found animal-mediated nutrient supply (excretion) to be highly predictable based on allometric scaling, but similar efforts to find universal predictive relationships for an organism’s body nutrient content have been inconclusive. We use a large dataset from a diverse tropical marine community to test three frameworks for predicting body nutrient content. We show that body nutrient content does not follow allometric scaling laws and that it is not well explained by trophic status. Instead, we find strong support for taxonomic identity (particularly at the family level) as a predictor of body nutrient content, indicating that evolutionary history plays a crucial role in determining an organism’s composition. We further find that nutrients are “stoichiometrically linked” (e.g., %C predicts %N), but that the direction of these relationships does not always conform to expectations, especially for invertebrates. Our findings demonstrate that taxonomic identity, not trophic status or body size, is the best baseline from which to predict organismal body nutrient content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Allgeier
- Department of Ecology, and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Seth Wenger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Craig A Layman
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cambron LD, Thapa G, Greenlee KJ. Effects of high-fat diet on feeding and performance in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 236:110526. [PMID: 31302290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutritionally balanced diets are important for overall fitness. For insects, fat is vital for development due to its high-energy value. Little is known about how insects regulate dietary fat for storage, but research has shown conflicting results on how altering fat impacts development and performance. In this study, we sought to investigate how high-fat diets affect developing insects. To determine how insects respond to variation in dietary fat content, we reared Manduca sexta of different larval stages on diets containing varying concentrations of linseed oil in high (5.6%), medium (3.4%) or low (0.4%) fat. Young larvae reared on high-fat diets had 80% mortality and 43% lower body mass compared to those reared on medium- or low-fat diets. Older larvae showed no difference in mortality with increasing dietary fat content, but they were smaller than controls, suggesting a developmental shift in lipid metabolism. We measured mRNA expression of Apolipoprotein I and II (APO1 and 2), proteins responsible for transporting lipids, as a possible explanation of increased survival in older larvae. Levels of APO1 and 2 mRNA did not differ with dietary fat content. We then tested the hypothesis that the high-fat diet altered feeding, resulting in the observed decrease in body size. Caterpillars fed a high-fat diet indeed ate less, as indicated by a decrease in food consumption and the number and mass of fecal pellets produced. These results suggest that increased fat disrupted feeding and may indicate that there is a threshold for lipid storage, but further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizzette D Cambron
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Dept 2715, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, United States of America
| | - Gita Thapa
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Dept 2715, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, United States of America
| | - Kendra J Greenlee
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Dept 2715, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Halvorson HM, Fuller CL, Entrekin SA, Scott JT, Evans-White MA. Interspecific homeostatic regulation and growth across aquatic invertebrate detritivores: a test of ecological stoichiometry theory. Oecologia 2019; 190:229-242. [PMID: 31062165 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Across resource quality gradients, primary consumers must regulate homeostasis and release of nutrients to optimize growth and fitness. Based primarily on internal body composition, the ecological stoichiometry theory (EST) offers a framework to generalize interspecific patterns of these responses, yet the predictions and underlying assumptions of EST remain poorly tested across many species. We used controlled laboratory feeding experiments to measure homeostasis, nutrient release, and growth across seven field-collected aquatic invertebrate detritivore taxa fed wide resource carbon:nitrogen (C:N) and carbon:phosphorus (C:P) gradients. We found that most invertebrates exhibited strict stoichiometric homeostasis (average 1/H = - 0.018 and 0.026 for C:N and C:P, respectively), supporting assumptions of EST. However, the stoichiometry of new tissue production during growth intervals (growth stoichiometry) deviated - 30 to + 54% and - 145 to + 74% from initial body C:N and C:P, respectively, and across species, growth stoichiometry was not correlated with initial body stoichiometry. Notably, smaller non- and hemimetabolous invertebrates exhibited low, decreasing growth C:N and C:P, whereas larger holometabolous invertebrates exhibited high, often increasing growth C:N and C:P. Despite predictions of EST, interspecific sensitivity of egestion stoichiometry and growth rates to the resource gradient were weakly related to internal body composition across species. While the sensitivity of these patterns differed across taxa, such differences carried a weak phylogenetic signal and were not well predicted by EST. Our findings suggest that traits beyond internal body composition, such as feeding behavior, selective assimilation, and ontogeny, are needed to generalize interspecific patterns in consumer growth and nutrient release across resource quality gradients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halvor M Halvorson
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
| | | | - Sally A Entrekin
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - J Thad Scott
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
González AL, Céréghino R, Dézerald O, Farjalla VF, Leroy C, Richardson BA, Richardson MJ, Romero GQ, Srivastava DS. Ecological mechanisms and phylogeny shape invertebrate stoichiometry: A test using detritus‐based communities across Central and South America. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica L. González
- Biology Department & Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Rutgers University Camden New JerseyUSA
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Régis Céréghino
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (UMR 5245Université de Toulouse, CNRS Toulouse France
| | - Olivier Dézerald
- Biology Department & Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Rutgers University Camden New JerseyUSA
| | - Vinicius F. Farjalla
- Department of Ecology, Biology InstituteFederal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Céline Leroy
- IRDUMR AMAP (botAnique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des végétations) Montpellier France
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles) Kourou France
| | - Barbara A. Richardson
- Edinburgh UK
- Luquillo LTER, Inst. for Tropical Ecosystem StudiesUniv. of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Puerto Rico
| | - Michael J. Richardson
- Edinburgh UK
- Luquillo LTER, Inst. for Tropical Ecosystem StudiesUniv. of Puerto Rico Río Piedras Puerto Rico
| | - Gustavo Q. Romero
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia (IB)Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas‐SP Brazil
| | - Diane S. Srivastava
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Harrison SJ, Godin JGJ, Bertram SM. Influence of dietary nutrient balance on aggression and signalling in male field crickets. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
9
|
Bujan J, Kaspari M. Nutrition modifies critical thermal maximum of a dominant canopy ant. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 102:1-6. [PMID: 28830761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While adaptive responses to climate gradients are increasingly documented, little is known about how individuals alter their upper thermal tolerances. Long-term increases in dietary carbohydrates can elevate upper thermal tolerances in insects. We explored how the nutritional state of a Neotropical canopy ant governs its CTmax - the temperature at which individuals lose muscle control. We predicted that Azteca chartifex workers recently fed a carbohydrate-rich diet, such as honeydew and extrafloral nectar, would use that energy to increase their CTmax. Moreover, if a carbohydrate-rich diet increases CTmax, then we predicted that ants from colonies with high CTmaxs feed at a lower trophic level, and thus have a higher carbon:nitrogen ratio. We used A. chartifex colonies from a long-term fertilization experiment where phosphorus addition increased A. chartifex foraging activity with respect to controls. As foraging activity can be governed by resource availability, we first measured CTmax of field collected colonies. In freshly collected field colonies, CTmax was 2°C higher in control plots. This difference disappeared when ants were provided with only water for 10h. Ants were then provided with a 10% sucrose solution ad lib which increased CTmax by 5°C. We thus support the hypothesis that enhanced carbohydrate nutrition enables higher thermal tolerance, but this does not appear to be linked to colony trophic status, higher carbon:nitrogen ratios, or higher total body phosphorus. This short-term thermal plasticity linked to carbohydrate nutrition demonstrates the importance of ant diet in shaping their physiological traits. It is especially relevant to ant species that maintain high abundance by feeding on plant exudates. In a rapidly warming world, carbohydrate availability and use may represent a new element for predicting population and community responses of herbivorous insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Bujan
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
| | - Michael Kaspari
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peña E, Baeten L, Steel H, Viaene N, De Sutter N, De Schrijver A, Verheyen K. Beyond plant–soil feedbacks: mechanisms driving plant community shifts due to land‐use legacies in post‐agricultural forests. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Peña
- Institute for Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC) 29750 Malaga Spain
- Department of Forest and Water Management Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Forest & Nature Lab Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 9090 Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Lander Baeten
- Department of Forest and Water Management Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Forest & Nature Lab Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 9090 Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Hanne Steel
- Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Laboratory of Nematology K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nicole Viaene
- Plant Unit Crop Protection Department Laboratory of Nematology Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Nancy De Sutter
- Plant Unit Crop Protection Department Laboratory of Nematology Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - An De Schrijver
- Department of Forest and Water Management Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Forest & Nature Lab Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 9090 Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Forest and Water Management Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Forest & Nature Lab Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267 9090 Melle‐Gontrode Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kaspari M, Clay NA, Lucas J, Revzen S, Kay A, Yanoviak SP. Thermal adaptation and phosphorus shape thermal performance in an assemblage of rainforest ants. Ecology 2016; 97:1038-47. [DOI: 10.1890/15-1225.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaspari
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama
| | - Natalie A. Clay
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama
| | - Jane Lucas
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama
| | - Shai Revzen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Adam Kay
- Department of Biology University of St. Thomas St. Paul MN 55105 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cease AJ, Fay M, Elser JJ, Harrison JF. Dietary phosphate affects food selection, post-ingestive phosphorus fate, and performance of a polyphagous herbivore. J Exp Biol 2015; 219:64-72. [PMID: 26567345 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.126847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Comparisons of the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus (P) content of plants and insect herbivores suggests that P limitation and herbivore foraging to balance P intake could be common. However, the lack of synthetic diets for testing the effects of lower ranges of dietary P has been a major impediment to experimental assessment of the ecological importance of, and physiological responses to, P limitation for terrestrial herbivores. We manipulated dietary P content (%P) over its observed range in terrestrial foliage using artificial diets containing near-optimal content of other nutrients for the grasshopper Schistocerca americana. Over much of the ecologically relevant range, when consuming single diets over a lifetime, higher P stimulated growth rates and increased survival, with an optimal dietary %P of 0.25-0.50% when measured throughout development. Excessive dietary P (1%) reduced growth and survival. However, with only short-term (3 day) confinement to single diets, dietary P had no effect on food consumption or growth rates. During these short exposures, fifth (but not third) instar hoppers increased the proportion of P excreted relative to P assimilated as dietary P increased. Target experiments demonstrated that, when given a choice, grasshoppers select among foods to attain a P intake target of 0.6%. These data suggest that P limitation could be common for terrestrial insect herbivores and that they can exhibit ingestive and post-ingestive mechanisms to attain sufficient but not excessive P.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianne J Cease
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Michelle Fay
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA Orange Coast College, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
| | - James J Elser
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Jon F Harrison
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wilson JK, Woods HA. Protection via parasitism: Datura odors attract parasitoid flies, which inhibit Manduca larvae from feeding and growing but may not help plants. Oecologia 2015; 179:1159-71. [PMID: 26298191 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insect carnivores frequently use olfactory cues from plants to find prey or hosts. For plants, the benefits of attracting parasitoids have been controversial, partly because parasitoids often do not kill their host insect immediately. Furthermore, most research has focused on the effects of solitary parasitoids on growth and feeding of hosts, even though many parasitoids are gregarious (multiple siblings inhabit the same host). Here, we examine how a gregarious parasitoid, the tachinid fly Drino rhoeo, uses olfactory cues from the host plant Datura wrightii to find the sphingid herbivore Manduca sexta, and how parasitism affects growth and feeding of host larvae. In behavioral trials using a Y-olfactometer, female flies were attracted to olfactory cues emitted by attacked plants and by cues emitted from the frass produced by larval Manduca sexta. M. sexta caterpillars that were parasitized by D. rhoeo grew to lower maximum weights, grew more slowly, and ate less of their host plant. We also present an analytical model to predict how tri-trophic interactions change with varying herbivory levels, parasitization rates and plant sizes. This model predicted that smaller plants gain a relatively greater benefit compared to large plants in attracting D. rhoeo. By assessing the behavior, the effects of host performance, and the variation in ecological parameters of the system, we can better understand the complex interactions between herbivorous insects, the plants they live on and the third trophic level members that attack them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Wilson
- University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
| | - H A Woods
- University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carnicer J, Sardans J, Stefanescu C, Ubach A, Bartrons M, Asensio D, Peñuelas J. Global biodiversity, stoichiometry and ecosystem function responses to human-induced C-N-P imbalances. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 172:82-91. [PMID: 25270104 PMCID: PMC6485510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Global change analyses usually consider biodiversity as a global asset that needs to be preserved. Biodiversity is frequently analysed mainly as a response variable affected by diverse environmental drivers. However, recent studies highlight that gradients of biodiversity are associated with gradual changes in the distribution of key dominant functional groups characterized by distinctive traits and stoichiometry, which in turn often define the rates of ecosystem processes and nutrient cycling. Moreover, pervasive links have been reported between biodiversity, food web structure, ecosystem function and species stoichiometry. Here we review current global stoichiometric gradients and how future distributional shifts in key functional groups may in turn influence basic ecosystem functions (production, nutrient cycling, decomposition) and therefore could exert a feedback effect on stoichiometric gradients. The C-N-P stoichiometry of most primary producers (phytoplankton, algae, plants) has been linked to functional trait continua (i.e. to major axes of phenotypic variation observed in inter-specific analyses of multiple traits). In contrast, the C-N-P stoichiometry of higher-level consumers remains less precisely quantified in many taxonomic groups. We show that significant links are observed between trait continua across trophic levels. In spite of recent advances, the future reciprocal feedbacks between key functional groups, biodiversity and ecosystem functions remain largely uncertain. The reported evidence, however, highlights the key role of stoichiometric traits and suggests the need of a progressive shift towards an ecosystemic and stoichiometric perspective in global biodiversity analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Carnicer
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain; Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain..
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Constantí Stefanescu
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain; Museu de Ciències Naturals de Granollers, Granollers, Catalonia 08402, Spain
| | - Andreu Ubach
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Mireia Bartrons
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Joern A, Provin T, Behmer ST. Not just the usual suspects: insect herbivore populations and communities are associated with multiple plant nutrients. Ecology 2012; 93:1002-15. [PMID: 22764487 DOI: 10.1890/11-1142.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between plant nutrient content and insect herbivore populations and community structure has long interested ecologists. Insect herbivores require multiple nutrients, but ecologists have focused mostly on nitrogen (an estimate of plant protein content), and more recently phosphorus (P); other nutrients have received little attention. Here we document nutrient variation in grass and forb samples from grassland habitats in central Nebraska using an elemental approach; in total we measured foliar concentrations of 12 elements (N and P, plus S, B, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu). We detected significant variability among sites for N, P, Mg, Na, K, and Cu. We next used a model selection approach to explore how this nutritional variation and plant biomass correlate with grasshopper densities (collectively and at the feeding-guild level), and principal component analysis to explore nutrient correlations with grasshopper community species composition. When all grasshoppers were pooled, densities varied among sites, but only P was associated with abundance of the elements shown to vary between sites. Different responses occurred at the feeding-guild level. For grass specialists, densities were associated with N, plus P, Mg, and Na. For forb specialists, N and P were often associated with density, but associations with Na and K were also observed. Finally, mixed-feeder abundance was strongly associated with biomass, and to a lesser extent P, Mg, Na, and Cu. At the community level, B, Ca, Zn, and Cu, plus biomass, explained > 30% of species composition variation. Our results confirm the positive association of N and P with insect herbivore populations, while suggesting a potential role for Mg, Na, and K. They also demonstrate the importance of exploring effects at the feeding-guild level. We hope our data motivate ecologists to think beyond N and P when considering plant nutrient effects on insect herbivores, and make a call for studies to examine functional responses of insect herbivores to dietary manipulation of Mg, Na, and K. Finally, our results demonstrate correlations between variation in nutrients and species assemblages, but factors not linked to plant nutrient quality or biomass likely explain most of the observed variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Joern
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Visanuvimol L, Bertram SM. How dietary phosphorus availability during development influences condition and life history traits of the cricket, Acheta domesticas. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2011; 11:63. [PMID: 21864157 PMCID: PMC3281447 DOI: 10.1673/031.011.6301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is extremely limited in the environment, often being 10-20 times lower in plants than what invertebrate herbivores require. This mismatch between resource availability and resource need can profoundly influence herbivore life history traits and fitness. This study investigated how dietary phosphorus availability influenced invertebrate growth, development time, consumption, condition, and lifespan using juvenile European house crickets, Acheta domesticus L. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Crickets reared on high phosphorus diets ate more food, gained more weight, were in better condition at maturity, and contained more phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon in their bodies at death than crickets reared on low phosphorus diets. There was also a trend for crickets reared on high phosphorus diets to become larger adults (interaction with weight prior to the start of the experiment). These findings can be added to the small but growing number of studies that reveal the importance of phosphorus to insect life history traits. Future research should explore the importance of dietary phosphorus availability relative to protein, lipid, and carbohydrate availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laksanavadee Visanuvimol
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, I 125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIS 5B6
| | - Susan M. Bertram
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, I 125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIS 5B6
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Karimi R, Fisher N, Folt C. Multielement Stoichiometry in Aquatic Invertebrates: When Growth Dilution Matters. Am Nat 2010; 176:699-709. [DOI: 10.1086/657046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
18
|
Hood J, Sterner R. Diet Mixing: Do Animals Integrate Growth or Resources across Temporal Heterogeneity? Am Nat 2010; 176:651-63. [DOI: 10.1086/656489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
19
|
Persson J, Fink P, Goto A, Hood JM, Jonas J, Kato S. To be or not to be what you eat: regulation of stoichiometric homeostasis among autotrophs and heterotrophs. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.18545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Veljanovski V, Major IT, Patton JJ, Bol E, Louvet S, Hawkins BJ, Constabel CP. Induction of acid phosphatase transcripts, protein and enzymatic activity by simulated herbivory of hybrid poplar. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:619-26. [PMID: 20129630 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory and wounding upregulate a large suite of defense genes in hybrid poplar leaves. A strongly wound- and herbivore-induced gene with high similarity to Arabidopsis vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) and acid phosphatase (AP) was identified among genes strongly expressed during the poplar herbivore defense response. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the putative poplar acid phosphatase (PtdAP1) gene is part of an eight-member AP gene family in poplar, and is most closely related to a functionally characterized soybean nodule AP. Unlike the other poplar APs, PtdAP1 is expressed in variety of tissues, as observed in an analysis of EST data. Following wounding, the gene shows an expression profile similar to other known poplar defense genes such as protease inhibitors, chitinase, and polyphenol oxidase. Significantly, we show for the first time that subsequent to the wound-induction of PtdAP1 transcripts, AP protein and activity increase in extracts of leaves and other tissues. Although its mechanism of action is as yet unknown, these results suggest in hybrid poplar PtdAP1 is likely a component of the defense response against leaf-eating herbivores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasko Veljanovski
- Centre for Forest Biology, Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Persson J, Fink P, Goto A, Hood JM, Jonas J, Kato S. To be or not to be what you eat: regulation of stoichiometric homeostasis among autotrophs and heterotrophs. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Deviation from strict homeostasis across multiple trophic levels in an invertebrate consumer assemblage exposed to high chronic phosphorus enrichment in a Neotropical stream. Oecologia 2009; 162:581-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Meehan TD, Lindroth RL. Scaling of individual phosphorus flux by caterpillars of the whitemarked tussock moth, Orygia leucostigma. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2009; 9:42. [PMID: 19619031 PMCID: PMC3011842 DOI: 10.1673/031.009.4201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a laboratory study to evaluate the effects of body mass, environmental temperature, and food quality on phosphorus (P) efflux by caterpillars of the whitemarked tussock moth, Orygia leucostigma, J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). We found that individual phosphorus efflux rate (Q the rate at which excreted and unassimilated P was egested in frass, mgP/day) was related to larval mass (M, mg dry) and environmental temperature (T,K) as Q = e(14.69) M(1.00)e(-0.54/kT), where K is Boltzmann's constant (8.62 x 10(-5) eV/K, 1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19J). We also found that P efflux was not related to food phosphorous concentration, and suggest that this result was due to compensatory feeding by larvae eating low quality leaves. The P efflux model resulting from this analysis was simple and powerful. Thus, it appears that this type of model can be used to scale P flux from individual larvae to the population level and link species of insect herbivores to ecosystem processes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rothlisberger JD, Baker MA, Frost PC. Effects of periphyton stoichiometry on mayfly excretion rates and nutrient ratios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1899/07-145.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
25
|
Zhu-Salzman K, Luthe DS, Felton GW. Arthropod-inducible proteins: broad spectrum defenses against multiple herbivores. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 146:852-8. [PMID: 18316640 PMCID: PMC2259088 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2475, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Audsley N, Matthews J, Nachman RJ, Weaver RJ. Transepithelial flux of an allatostatin and analogs across the anterior midgut of Manduca sexta larvae in vitro. Peptides 2008; 29:286-94. [PMID: 18206264 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The transepithelial flux of cydiastatin 4 and analogs across flat sheet preparations of the anterior midgut of larvae of the tobacco hawkmoth moth, Manduca sexta, was investigated using a combination of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The lumen to hemolymph (L-H) flux of cydiastatin 4 was dose and time-dependent, with a maximum rate of flux of c. 178 pmol/cm2/h) measured after a 60-min incubation with 100 micromol/l of peptide in the lumen bathing fluid. The rates of flux, L-H and H-L, across the isolated gut preparations were not significantly different. These data suggest that uptake across the anterior midgut of larval M. sexta is via a paracellular route. Cydiastatin 4 was modified to incorporate a hexanoic acid (Hex) moiety at the N-terminus, the N-terminus extended with 5 P residues and/or the substitution of G7 with Fmoc-1-amino-cyclopropylcarboxylic acid (Acpc). The incorporation of hexanoic acid enhanced the uptake of these amphiphilic analogs compared to the native peptide. Analogs were also more resistant to enzymes in hemolymph and gut preparations from larval M. sexta. A modified N-terminus gave protection against aminopeptidase-like activity and incorporation of Acpc inhibited endopeptidase-like activity. Although analogs were stable in the hemolymph, they were susceptible to amidase-like activity in the gut, which appears to convert the C-terminal amide group to a free carboxylic acid, identified by an increase in 1 mass unit of the peptide analog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Audsley
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
James LAH, Xenopoulos MA, Wilson HF, Frost PC. Land use controls nutrient excretion by stream invertebrates along a gradient of agriculture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1899/06-101.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah A. H. James
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8
| | | | - Henry F. Wilson
- Watershed Ecosystems Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8
| | - Paul C. Frost
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
KAY AD, ROSTAMPOUR S, STERNER RW. Ant stoichiometry: elemental homeostasis in stage-structured colonies. Funct Ecol 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Bauerfeind SS, Fischer K. Effects of adult-derived carbohydrates, amino acids and micronutrients on female reproduction in a fruit-feeding butterfly. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 51:545-54. [PMID: 15894001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Revised: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
It is generally believed that butterflies (and other holometabolous insects) rely primarily on reserves accumulated during the larval stage for reproduction, whereas the carbohydrate-rich adult diet is thought to mainly cover energy requirements. In at least some species though, realization of the full reproductive potential is extensively affected by post-eclosion nutrition. While the importance of carbohydrates is fairly well understood, the role of adult-derived amino acids and micronutrients is controversial and largely unknown, respectively. We here focus on the effects of different adult diets on female reproduction in the tropical, fruit-feeding butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Nymphalidae). Carbohydrates were the most important adult-derived nutrients affecting reproduction. Adding amino acids, vitamins or minerals to sucrose-based solutions did not yield a reproductive output equivalent to that of fruit-fed females, which showed the highest performance throughout. This suggests that either not yet identified compounds of fruit substantially contribute to reproduction, or that resource congruence (the use of nutrient types in a specified ratio) rather than any specific nutrient component is of key importance. Apart from adult income, realized fecundity depended on egg size and longevity, with the former dominating when dietary quality was low, but the latter when quality was high. Thus, the egg size-number trade-off seems to be affected by female nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Bauerfeind
- Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, P.O. Box 101 251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Frost PC, Evans-White MA, Finkel ZV, Jensen TC, Matzek V. Are you what you eat? Physiological constraints on organismal stoichiometry in an elementally imbalanced world. OIKOS 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.14049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
32
|
Perkins MC, Woods HA, Harrison JF, Elser JJ. Dietary phosphorus affects the growth of larval Manduca sexta. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 55:153-168. [PMID: 14981659 DOI: 10.1002/arch.10133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although phosphorus has long been considered an important factor in the growth of diverse biota such as bacteria, algae, and zooplankton, insect nutrition has classically focused on dietary protein and energy content. However, research in elemental stoichiometry has suggested that primary producer biomass has similar N:P ratios in aquatic and terrestrial systems, and phosphorus-rich herbivores in freshwater systems frequently face phosphorus-limited nutritional conditions. Therefore, herbivorous insects should also be prone to phosphorus limitation. We tested this prediction by rearing Manduca sexta larvae on artificial and natural (Datura wrightii leaves) diets containing varying levels of phosphorus (approximately 0.20, 0.55, or 1.2% phosphorus by dry weight). For both artificial and natural diets, increased dietary phosphorus significantly increased growth rates and body phosphorus contents, and shortened the time to the final instar molt. Caterpillars did not consistently exhibit compensatory feeding for phosphorus on either type of diet. The growth and body phosphorus responses were not explicable by changes in amounts of potassium or calcium, which co-varied with phosphorus in the diets. Concentrations of phosphorus in D. wrightii leaves collected in the field varied over a range in which leaf phosphorus is predicted to affect M. sexta's growth rates. These results suggest that natural variation in dietary phosphorus is likely to affect the growth rate and population dynamics of M. sexta, and perhaps larval insects more generally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc C Perkins
- Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Woods HA, Fagan WF, Elser JJ, Harrison JF. Allometric and phylogenetic variation in insect phosphorus content. Funct Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2004.00823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
34
|
Cross WF, Benstead JP, Rosemond AD, Bruce Wallace J. Consumer-resource stoichiometry in detritus-based streams. Ecol Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|