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Hirschfeld LR, Risacher SL, Nho K, Saykin AJ. Myelin repair in Alzheimer's disease: a review of biological pathways and potential therapeutics. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:47. [PMID: 36284351 PMCID: PMC9598036 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature review investigates the significant overlap between myelin-repair signaling pathways and pathways known to contribute to hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We discuss previously investigated therapeutic targets of amyloid, tau, and ApoE, as well as other potential therapeutic targets that have been empirically shown to contribute to both remyelination and progression of AD. Current evidence shows that there are multiple AD-relevant pathways which overlap significantly with remyelination and myelin repair through the encouragement of oligodendrocyte proliferation, maturation, and myelin production. There is a present need for a single, cohesive model of myelin homeostasis in AD. While determining a causative pathway is beyond the scope of this review, it may be possible to investigate the pathological overlap of myelin repair and AD through therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Rose Hirschfeld
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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2
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Wu K, Zou L, Lei X, Yang X. Roles of ABCA1 in cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 24:349. [DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Longwei Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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3
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ABCA1 Expression Is Upregulated in an EMT in Breast Cancer Cell Lines via MYC-Mediated De-Repression of Its Proximal Ebox Element. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030581. [PMID: 35327383 PMCID: PMC8945546 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-Binding Cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) reverse cholesterol transport channel has been associated with a number of phenotypes in breast cancer, including reduced proliferation and increased metastatic capacity. It is induced in an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), but little is known about how this occurs, and whether it is sufficient to promote metastatic phenotypes. To address these questions, we have deciphered the transcriptional regulation of ABCA1 across EMT states and found that it is repressed by MYC via an E-box element in its P1 alternative promoter. De-repression of the promoter by MYC knockdown leads to induction of ABCA1 expression. This indicates that ABCA1 expression is regulated in an EMT, revealing another link between ABCA1 and malignant phenotypes.
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4
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Casado ME, Huerta L, Marcos-Díaz A, Ortiz AI, Kraemer FB, Lasunción MA, Busto R, Martín-Hidalgo A. Hormone-sensitive lipase deficiency affects the expression of SR-BI, LDLr, and ABCA1 receptors/transporters involved in cellular cholesterol uptake and efflux and disturbs fertility in mouse testis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159043. [PMID: 34461308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) hydrolyse acylglycerols, cholesteryl and retinyl esters. HSL is a key lipase in mice testis, as HSL deficiency results in male sterility. The present work study the effects of the deficiency and lack of HSL on the localization and expression of SR-BI, LDLr, and ABCA1 receptors/transporters involved in uptake and efflux of cholesterol in mice testis, to determine the impact of HSL gene dosage on testis morphology, lipid homeostasis and fertility. The results of this work show that the lack of HSL in mice alters testis morphology and spermatogenesis, decreasing sperm counts, sperm motility and increasing the amount of Leydig cells and lipid droplets. They also show that there are differences in the localization of HSL, SR-BI, LDLr and ABCA1 in HSL+/+, HSL+/- and HSL-/- mice. The deficiency or lack of HSL has effects on protein and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolisms in mouse testis. HSL-/- testis have augmented expression of SR-BI, LDLr, ABCA1 and LXRβ, a critical sterol sensor that regulate multiple genes involved in lipid metabolism; whereas LDLr expression decreased in HSL+/- mice. Plin2, Abca1 and Ldlr mRNA levels increased; and LXRα (Nr1h3) and LXRβ (Nr1h2) decreased in testis from HSL-/- compared with HSL+/+; with no differences in Scarb1. Together these data suggest that HSL deficiency or lack in mice testis induces lipid homeostasis alterations that affect the cellular localization and expression of key receptors/transporter involved in cellular cholesterol uptake and efflux (SR-BI, LDRr, ABCA1); alters normal cellular function and impact fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Emilia Casado
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Lydia Huerta
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Díaz
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Ortiz
- Unidad de Cirugía Experimental y Animalario, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Miguel Angel Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Antonia Martín-Hidalgo
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain.
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5
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Tavares LA, Januário YC, daSilva LLP. HIV-1 Hijacking of Host ATPases and GTPases That Control Protein Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622610. [PMID: 34307340 PMCID: PMC8295591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) modifies the host cell environment to ensure efficient and sustained viral replication. Key to these processes is the capacity of the virus to hijack ATPases, GTPases and the associated proteins that control intracellular protein trafficking. The functions of these energy-harnessing enzymes can be seized by HIV-1 to allow the intracellular transport of viral components within the host cell or to change the subcellular distribution of antiviral factors, leading to immune evasion. Here, we summarize how energy-related proteins deviate from their normal functions in host protein trafficking to aid the virus in different phases of its replicative cycle. Recent discoveries regarding the interplay among HIV-1 and host ATPases and GTPases may shed light on potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Tavares
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yunan C Januário
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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6
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Lu X, Yang B, Yang H, Wang L, Li H, Chen S, Lu X, Gu D. MicroRNA-320b Modulates Cholesterol Efflux and Atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 29:200-220. [PMID: 33536383 PMCID: PMC8803562 DOI: 10.5551/jat.57125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and endonuclease-exonuclease-phosphatase family domain containing 1 (EEPD1) are reported to regulate cellular cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Bioinformatics analysis has revealed that ABCG1 and EEPD1 might be potential targets of microRNA (miR)-320b. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of miR-320b in cholesterol efflux from macrophages and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Methods:
Microarray was conducted to profile microRNA (miRNA) expression, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the differentially expressed miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and healthy controls. Luciferase assay was conducted to evaluate the activity of reporter construct containing the 3´-untranslated region (3´-UTR) of target genes. Besides, NBD-cholesterol efflux induced by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipid-free apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) was detected using fluorescence intensity, respectively.
Apoe−/−
mice were injected with adeno-associated virus (AAV)2-miR-320b or control via tail vein, thereafter fed with 14 week atherogenic diet to study the roles of miR-320b
in vivo
.
Results:
MiR-320b was highly expressed in CAD patients compared with that in the healthy controls in both the microarray analysis and qPCR analysis.
In vitro
study showed that miR-320b decreased HDL- and apoA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages partly by directly targeting
ABCG1
and
EEPD1
genes and partly via suppressing the LXRα-ABCA1/G1 pathway. Consistently,
in vivo
administration of AAV2-miR-320b into
Apoe−/−
mice attenuated cholesterol efflux from peritoneal macrophages, which showed reduced expression of ABCA1/G1 and EEPD1, and increased lipid LDL-C level, with a down-regulation of hepatic LDLR and ABCA1. AAV2-miR-320b treatment also increased atherosclerotic plaque size and lesional macrophage content and enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokines levels through the elevated phosphorylation level of nuclear factor-κB p65 in macrophages.
Conclusion:
We identify miR-320b as a novel modulator of macrophage cholesterol efflux and that it might be a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Huijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Hongfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Shufeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
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7
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Nakato M, Shiranaga N, Tomioka M, Watanabe H, Kurisu J, Kengaku M, Komura N, Ando H, Kimura Y, Kioka N, Ueda K. ABCA13 dysfunction associated with psychiatric disorders causes impaired cholesterol trafficking. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100166. [PMID: 33478937 PMCID: PMC7948424 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 13 (ABCA13) is predicted to be the largest ABC protein, consisting of 5058 amino acids and a long N-terminal region. Mutations in the ABCA13 gene were reported to increase the susceptibility to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. However, little is known about the molecular functions of ABCA13 or how they associate with psychiatric disorders. Here, we examined the biochemical activity of ABCA13 using HEK293 cells transfected with mouse ABCA13. The expression of ABCA13 induced the internalization of cholesterol and gangliosides from the plasma membrane to intracellular vesicles. Cholesterol internalization by ABCA13 required the long N-terminal region and ATP hydrolysis. To examine the physiological roles of ABCA13, we generated Abca13 KO mice using CRISPR/Cas and found that these mice exhibited deficits of prepulse inhibition. Vesicular cholesterol accumulation and synaptic vesicle endocytosis were impaired in primary cultures of Abca13 KO cortical neurons. Furthermore, mutations in ABCA13 gene associated with psychiatric disorders disrupted the protein's subcellular localization and impaired cholesterol trafficking. These findings suggest that ABCA13 accelerates cholesterol internalization by endocytic retrograde transport in neurons and that loss of this function is associated with the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Nakato
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoko Shiranaga
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maiko Tomioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Kurisu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mineko Kengaku
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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8
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Novel Mechanism of Cholesterol Transport by ABCA5 in Macrophages and Its Role in Dyslipidemia. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:4922-4941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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9
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Castaño D, Rattanasopa C, Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Corlianò M, Liu Y, Zhong S, Rusu M, Liehn EA, Singaraja RR. Lipid efflux mechanisms, relation to disease and potential therapeutic aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:54-93. [PMID: 32423566 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules involved in diverse functions such as membrane structure, energy metabolism, immunity, and signaling. However, altered intra-cellular lipid levels or composition can lead to metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, as well as lipotoxicity. Thus, intra-cellular lipid homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms. Since most peripheral cells do not catabolize cholesterol, efflux (extra-cellular transport) of cholesterol is vital for lipid homeostasis. Defective efflux contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired β-cell insulin secretion, and neuropathology. Of these, defective lipid efflux in macrophages in the arterial walls leading to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation has been the most well studied, likely because a leading global cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Circulating high density lipoprotein particles play critical roles as acceptors of effluxed cellular lipids, suggesting their importance in disease etiology. We review here mechanisms and pathways that modulate lipid efflux, the role of lipid efflux in disease etiology, and therapeutic options aimed at modulating this critical process.
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Shuai-Cheng W, Xiu-Ling C, Jian-Qing S, Zong-Mei W, Zhen-Jiang Y, Lian-Tao L. Saikosaponin A protects chickens against pullorum disease via modulation of cholesterol. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3539-3547. [PMID: 30995307 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The worsening problem of antibiotic resistance prompts the need for alternative strategies that do not directly target bacteria. Virulent Salmonella pullorum strains can invade macrophages and lead to a systemic infection. Saikosaponin A (SSa), a bioactive saponin isolated from Radix bupleuri, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and cholesterol regulatory activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SSa on Salmonella-induced pullorum disease in chickens and clarify the possible mechanism. A S. pullorum-induced pullorum disease chicken model was used to confirm the protective effect of SSa in vivo. The model of HD11 cells infected with S. pullorum was used to investigate the molecular mechanism of SSa in vitro. In vivo, SSa prolonged the survival time and decreased the liver bacterial burdens in the pullorum disease model. In vitro, SSa dose-dependently suppressed the invasion of HD11 cells by S. pullorum. SSa depleted cholesterol in the lipid rafts, disrupted the formation of lipid rafts, and promoted the transcription of LXRα, ABCA1, and ABCG1. Moreover, the addition of water-soluble cholesterol and inhibition of LXRα with the LXRα antagonist geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate reversed the inhibitory effects of SSa on the invasion of HD11 cells by S. pullorum. In conclusion, the protective effect of SSa against S. pullorum infection is associated with the upregulation of the LXRα-ABCG1/ABCA1 pathway, which results in a decrease in cholesterol in the lipid rafts of HD11 cells, thereby suppressing the invasion of HD11 cells by S. pullorum. These results validate SSa as a host-target drug for the prevention of bacterial diseases, including those caused by S. pullorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Shuai-Cheng
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China.,Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Chu Xiu-Ling
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China.,Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Su Jian-Qing
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Wu Zong-Mei
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhen-Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Li Lian-Tao
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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11
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Immunobiology of Atherosclerosis: A Complex Net of Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215293. [PMID: 31653058 PMCID: PMC6862594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and atherosclerosis the principal factor underlying cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction, intimal lipid deposition, smooth muscle cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and necrosis, and local and systemic inflammation, involving key contributions to from innate and adaptive immunity. The balance between proatherogenic inflammatory and atheroprotective anti-inflammatory responses is modulated by a complex network of interactions among vascular components and immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T, B, and foam cells; these interactions modulate the further progression and stability of the atherosclerotic lesion. In this review, we take a global perspective on existing knowledge about the pathogenesis of immune responses in the atherosclerotic microenvironment and the interplay between the major innate and adaptive immune factors in atherosclerosis. Studies such as this are the basis for the development of new therapies against atherosclerosis.
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12
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Toh R. Assessment of HDL Cholesterol Removal Capacity: Toward Clinical Application. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:111-120. [PMID: 30542002 PMCID: PMC6365149 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is a controversy regarding the causal relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), recent studies have demonstrated that the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL is associated with the incidence of CVD. However, there are several limitations to current assays of CEC. First, CEC measurements are not instantly applicable in clinical settings, because CEC assay methods require radiolabeled cholesterol and cultured cells, and these procedures are time consuming. Second, techniques to measure CEC are not standardized. Third, the condition of endogenous cholesterol donors would not be accounted for in the CEC assays. Recently, we established a simple, high-throughput, cell-free assay system to evaluate the capacity of HDL to accept additional cholesterol, which is herein referred to as "cholesterol uptake capacity (CUC)". We demonstrated that CUC represents a residual cardiovascular risk in patients with optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control independently of traditional risk factors, including HDL-C. Establishing reproducible approaches for the cholesterol removal capacity of HDL is required to validate the impact of dysfunctional HDL on cardiovascular risk stratification in the "real world".
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Toh
- Division of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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13
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Yan Y, He F, Li Z, Xu R, Li T, Su J, Liu X, Zhao M, Wu W. The important role of apolipoprotein A-II in ezetimibe driven reduction of high cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 280:99-108. [PMID: 30500605 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It has been well established that ezetimibe blocks cholesterol absorption to prevent the negative effects of a high-fat diet in atherosclerosis. However, the exact mechanism is unknown. Here we use a transgenic zebrafish, which expresses different fluorescent proteins on either endothelial cells or granulocytes and macrophages, to explore the specific mechanism of ezetimibe and its role in reducing atherosclerosis-related hypercholesteremia. METHODS Zebrafish larvae were exposed to a control diet, high cholesterol diet (HCD) or a HCD with ezetimibe treatment. Both the control diet and high cholesterol diet were mixed with red or green fluorophore labeled cholesteryl ester to trace lipid distribution. Isobaric tags were used for relative and absolute quantification to examine protein expression profiles of zebrafish larvae in the different treatment groups. To knock down Apo A-II and investigate the role of Apo A-II in the anti-atherosclerotic function of ezetimibe, we used morpholinos to target zebrafish Apoa2 mRNA. To confirm ezetimibe regulatory role on Apo A-II expression, siRNA against HNF4, PPARα, and SREBP1 were transfected into HepG2 cells. RESULTS The results show that ezetimibe increased the expression of Apo A-II but failed to reduce vascular lipid accumulation and macrophage recruitment induced by the HCD diet when Apo A-II was knocked down. Finally, we found that ezetimibe increased the expression of Apo A-II through HNF4 and PPARα transcriptional factors. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates that ezetimibe may not only prevents atherosclerosis by inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the intestine, but also by increasing the expression of Apo A-II in hepatocytes, thereby enhancing reverse cholesterol transport and removing excess cholesterol from the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, PR China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Ruoting Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, PR China
| | - Jinyu Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xianyan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research of Guangdong, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
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14
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Tumurkhuu G, Dagvadorj J, Porritt RA, Crother TR, Shimada K, Tarling EJ, Erbay E, Arditi M, Chen S. Chlamydia pneumoniae Hijacks a Host Autoregulatory IL-1β Loop to Drive Foam Cell Formation and Accelerate Atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2018; 28:432-448.e4. [PMID: 29937375 PMCID: PMC6125162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen burden accelerates atherosclerosis, but the mechanisms remain unresolved. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is linked to atherogenesis. Here we investigated whether Chlamydia pneumoniae (C.pn) infection engages NLRP3 in promoting atherosclerosis. C.pn potentiated hyperlipidemia-induced inflammasome activity in cultured macrophages and in foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions of Ldlr-/- mice. C.pn-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis was significantly dependent on NLRP3 and caspase-1. We discovered that C.pn-induced extracellular IL-1β triggers a negative feedback loop to inhibit GPR109a and ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux, leading to accumulation of intracellular cholesterol and foam cell formation. Gpr109a and Abca1 were both upregulated in plaque lesions in Nlrp3-/- mice in both hyperlipidemic and C.pn infection models. Mature IL-1β and cholesterol may compete for access to the ABCA1 transporter to be exported from macrophages. C.pn exploits this metabolic-immune crosstalk, which can be modulated by NLRP3 inhibitors to alleviate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gantsetseg Tumurkhuu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jargalsaikhan Dagvadorj
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rebecca A Porritt
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Timothy R Crother
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ebru Erbay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Shuang Chen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Huang JP, Hsu SC, Meir YJJ, Hsieh PS, Chang CC, Chen KH, Chen JK, Hung LM. Role of dysfunctional adipocytes in cholesterol-induced nonobese metabolic syndrome. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:307-321. [PMID: 29581238 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported the causes of obese metabolic syndrome (MS); however, the causes of nonobese MS (NMS) remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that inflamed dysfunctional adipose tissue plays a crucial role in cholesterol-induced NMS. Control (C), high cholesterol (HC) and HC with 10% fructose in drinking water (HCF) diets were fed to Sprague-Dawley rats for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the body weights of the C- and HC-fed rats were comparable, but the weights of the HCF-fed rats were relatively low. Cholesterol caused metabolic problems such as high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia and hypoinsulinemia. The HCF-fed rats exhibited whole-body insulin resistance with low circulating high-density lipoprotein levels. Increases in the tumor necrosis factor α level in the plasma, the number of CD68+ macrophages and the free nuclear factor-κB level in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) resulted in local inflammation, which appeared as inflamed dysfunctional gWAT. Reduced superoxide dismutases (SODs) deteriorate natural antioxidant defense systems and induce reactive oxygen species in gWAT. Dysregulation of plasma levels of catecholamine, adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin in cholesterol-induced inflamed adipose tissue contributed to increased lipolysis and increased circulating nonesterified fatty acids. Cholesterol activated inflammation, lipolysis and cell death in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, Chol-3T3-CM reduced the population of M2-type Raw264.7 macrophages, indicating that the macrophage polarization is mediated by cholesterol. Together, our findings indicate that inflamed dysfunctional adipocytes are critical in NMS, supporting the development of anti-inflammatory agents as potential therapeutic drugs for treating NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiung-Pang Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Healthy and Aging ResearchChang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yaa-Jyuhn James Meir
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Tissue EngineeringChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of OphthalmologyChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shiuan Hsieh
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsNational Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Chang
- Department of Clinical PathologyFar Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research CenterChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Kan Chen
- Center for Healthy and Aging ResearchChang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Man Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for Healthy and Aging ResearchChang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Kidney Research CenterChang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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16
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Damen MSMA, Dos Santos JC, Hermsen R, Adam van der Vliet J, Netea MG, Riksen NP, Dinarello CA, Joosten LAB, Heinhuis B. Interleukin-32 upregulates the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 resulting in reduced intracellular lipid concentrations in primary human hepatocytes. Atherosclerosis 2018. [PMID: 29524862 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of interleukin (IL-)32 in inflammatory conditions is well-established, however, the mechanism behind its role in atherosclerosis remains unexplained. Our group reported a promoter single nucleotide polymorphism in IL-32 associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations. We hypothesize that endogenous IL-32 in liver cells, a human monocytic cell line and carotid plaque tissue, can affect atherosclerosis by regulating (HDL) cholesterol homeostasis via expression of cholesterol transporters/mediators. METHODS Human primary liver cells were stimulated with recombinant human (rh)TNFα and poly I:C to study the expression of IL-32 and mediators in cholesterol pathways. Additionally, IL-32 was overexpressed in HepG2 cells and overexpressed and silenced in THP-1 cells to study the direct effect of IL-32 on cholesterol transporters expression and function. RESULTS Stimulation of human primary liver cells resulted in induction of IL-32α, IL-32β and IL-32γ mRNA expression (p < 0.01). A strong correlation between the expression of IL-32γ and ABCA1, ABCG1, LXRα and apoA1 was observed (p < 0.01), and intracellular lipid concentrations were reduced in the presence of endogenous IL-32 (p < 0.05). Finally, IL32γ and ABCA1 mRNA expression was upregulated in carotid plaque tissue and when IL-32 was silenced in THP-1 cells, mRNA expression of ABCA1 was strongly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Regulation of IL-32 in human primary liver cells, HepG2 and THP-1 cells strongly influences the mRNA expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, LXRα and apoA1 and affects intracellular lipid concentrations in the presence of endogenous IL-32. These data, for the first time, show an important role for IL32 in cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rob Hermsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Adam van der Vliet
- Division of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas Heinhuis
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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17
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Wang J, Xiao C, Wei Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Fu Y. Activation of liver X receptors inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory response in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 197:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Talbot CP, Plat J, Ritsch A, Mensink RP. Determinants of cholesterol efflux capacity in humans. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 69:21-32. [PMID: 29269048 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Wang L, Palme V, Schilcher N, Ladurner A, Heiss EH, Stangl H, Bauer R, Dirsch VM, Atanasov AG. The Dietary Constituent Falcarindiol Promotes Cholesterol Efflux from THP-1 Macrophages by Increasing ABCA1 Gene Transcription and Protein Stability. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:596. [PMID: 28919859 PMCID: PMC5585181 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report increased cholesterol efflux from macrophages in the presence of falcarindiol, an important dietary constituent present in commonly used vegetables and medicinal plants. Falcarindiol (3–20 μM) increased cholesterol efflux from THP-1-derived macrophages. Western blot analysis showed an increased protein level of ABCA1 upon falcarindiol exposure. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that also ABCA1 mRNA level rise with falcarindiol (10 μM) treatment. The effect of falcarindiol on ABCA1 protein as well as mRNA level were counteracted by co-treatment with BADGE, an antagonist of PPARγ. Furthermore, falcarindiol significantly inhibited ABCA1 protein degradation in the presence of cycloheximide. This post-translational regulation of ABCA1 by falcarindiol occurs most likely by inhibition of lysosomal cathepsins, resulting in decreased proteolysis and extended protein half-life of ABCA1. Taken together, falcarindiol increases ABCA1 protein level by two complementary mechanisms, i.e., promoting ABCA1 gene expression and inhibiting ABCA1 protein degradation, which lead to enhanced cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Veronika Palme
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Schilcher
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.,Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesLesznowola, Poland
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20
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Chistiakov DA, Melnichenko AA, Myasoedova VA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Mechanisms of foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1153-1165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Qiu F, Xie L, Ma JE, Luo W, Zhang L, Chao Z, Chen S, Nie Q, Lin Z, Zhang X. Lower Expression of SLC27A1 Enhances Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Chicken via Down-Regulated Fatty Acid Oxidation Mediated by CPT1A. Front Physiol 2017; 8:449. [PMID: 28706492 PMCID: PMC5489693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is recognized as the predominant factor affecting meat quality due to its positive correlation with tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. Chicken IMF deposition depends on the balance among lipid synthesis, transport, uptake, and subsequent metabolism, involving a lot of genes and pathways, however, its precise molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, the breast muscle tissue of female Wenchang chickens (WC) (higher IMF content, 1.24 in D120 and 1.62 in D180) and female White Recessive Rock chickens (WRR; lower IMF content, 0.53 in D120 and 0.90 in D180) were subjected to RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Results showed that many genes related to lipid catabolism, such as SLC27A1, LPL, ABCA1, and CPT1A were down-regulated in WC chickens, and these genes were involved in the PPAR signaling pathway and formed an IPA® network related to lipid metabolism. Furthermore, SLC27A1 was more down-regulated in WRR.D180.B than in WRR.D120.B. Decreased cellular triglyceride (TG) and up-regulated CPT1A were observed in the SLC27A1 overexpression QM-7 cells, and increased cellular triglyceride (TG) and down-regulated CPT1A were observed in the SLC27A1 knockdown QM-7 cells. These results suggest that lower lipid catabolism exists in WC chickens but not in WRR chickens, and lower expression of SLC27A1 facilitate IMF deposition in chicken via down-regulated fatty acid oxidation mediated by CPT1A. These findings indicate that reduced lipid catabolism, rather than increased lipid anabolism, contributes to chicken IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China.,School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Science, East China University of TechnologyNanchang, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Poultry Science, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Jing-E Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Chao
- Department of Poultry Science, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Shaohao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhemin Lin
- Department of Poultry Science, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Hainan Academy of Agricultural SciencesHaikou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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22
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Hu X, Fu Y, Lu X, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Cao Y, Zhang N. Protective Effects of Platycodin D on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Activating LXRα-ABCA1 Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2017; 7:644. [PMID: 28096801 PMCID: PMC5206804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of platycodin D (PLD) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and clarify the possible mechanism. An LPS-induced ALI model was used to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of PLD in vivo. The A549 lung epithelial cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanism and targets of PLD in vitro. In vivo, the results showed that PLD significantly attenuated lung histopathologic changes, myeloperoxidase activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In vitro, PLD inhibited LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated A549 lung epithelial cells. Western blot analysis showed that PLD suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB and IRF3 activation. Moreover, PLD did not act though affecting the expression of TLR4. We also showed that PLD disrupted the formation of lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol and prevented LPS-induced TLR4 trafficking to lipid rafts, thereby blocking LPS-induced inflammatory response. Finally, PLD activated LXRα–ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux. Knockdown of LXRα abrogated the anti-inflammatory effects of PLD. The anti-inflammatory effects of PLD was associated with upregulation of the LXRα–ABCA1 pathway, which resulted in disrupting lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol and reducing translocation of TLR4 to lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun , China
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23
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Qi W, Ma X, He W, Chen W, Zou M, Gurr GM, Vasseur L, You M. Characterization and expression profiling of ATP-binding cassette transporter genes in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). BMC Genomics 2016; 17:760. [PMID: 27678067 PMCID: PMC5039799 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the major transmembrane protein families found in all organisms and play important roles in transporting a variety of compounds across intra and extra cellular membranes. In some species, ABC transporters may be involved in the detoxification of substances such as insecticides. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), a destructive pest of cruciferous crops worldwide, is an important species to study as it is resistant to many types of insecticides as well as biological control Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. RESULTS A total of 82 ABC genes were identified from our published P. xylostella genome, and grouped into eight subfamilies (ABCA-H) based on phylogenetic analysis. Genes of subfamilies ABCA, ABCC and ABCH were found to be expanded in P. xylostella compared with those in Bombyx mori, Manduca sexta, Heliconius melpomene, Danaus plexippus, Drosophila melanogaster, Tetranychus urticae and Homo sapiens. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that many of the ABC transporters in P. xylostella are orthologous to the well-studied ABC transporter genes in the seven other species. Transcriptome- and qRT-PCR-based analysis elucidated physiological effects of ABC gene expressions of P. xylostella which were developmental stage- and tissue-specific as well as being affected by whether or not the insects were from an insecticide-resistant strain. Two ABCC and one ABCA genes were preferentially expressed in midgut of the 4th-instar larvae of a susceptible strain (Fuzhou-S) suggesting their potential roles in metabolizing plant defensive chemicals. Most of the highly expressed genes in insecticide-resistant strains were also predominantly expressed in the tissues of Malpighian tubules and midgut. CONCLUSIONS This is the most comprehensive study on identification, characterization and expression profiling of ABC transporter genes in P. xylostella to date. The diversified features and expression patterns of this gene family may be associated with the evolutionary capacity of this species to develop resistance to a wide range of insecticides and biological toxins. Our findings provide a solid foundation for future functional studies on specific ABC transporter genes in P. xylostella, and for further understanding of their physiological roles and regulatory pathways in insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Qi
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weiyi He
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mingmin Zou
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Graham Centre, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Liette Vasseur
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Minsheng You
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Fu Y, Hu X, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Zhang N. Saikosaponin a inhibits lipopolysaccharide-oxidative stress and inflammation in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells via preventing TLR4 translocation into lipid rafts. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:777-85. [PMID: 26475038 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Saikosaponin a (SSa), the major triterpenoid saponin derivatives from Radix bupleuri (RB), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SSa on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of SSa. The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were detected by ELISA. The expression of COX-2 and iNOS, NF-κB and IκB protein were determined by Western blotting. To investigate the protective mechanisms of SSa, TLR4 expression was detected by Western blotting and membrane lipid rafts were separated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and analyzed by immunoblotting with anti-TLR4 antibody. The results showed that SSa dose-dependently inhibited the production of ROS, TNF-α, IL-8, COX-2 and iNOS in LPS-stimulated HUVECs. Western blot analysis showed that SSa suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation. SSa did not affect the expression of TLR4 induced by LPS. However, translocation of TLR4 into lipid rafts and oligomerization of TLR4 induce by LPS was inhibited by SSa. Furthermore, SSa disrupted the formation of lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol. Moreover, SSa activated LXRα-ABCA1 signaling pathway, which could induce cholesterol efflux from lipid rafts. Knockdown of LXRα abrogated the anti-inflammatory effects of SSa. In conclusion, the effects of SSa is associated with activating LXRα-ABCA1 signaling pathway which results in disrupting lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol and reducing translocation of TLR4 to lipid rafts and oligomerization of TLR4, thereby attenuating LPS mediated oxidative and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Zecai Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China.
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Ito A, Hong C, Rong X, Zhu X, Tarling EJ, Hedde PN, Gratton E, Parks J, Tontonoz P. LXRs link metabolism to inflammation through Abca1-dependent regulation of membrane composition and TLR signaling. eLife 2015; 4:e08009. [PMID: 26173179 PMCID: PMC4517437 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver X receptors (LXRs) are transcriptional regulators of lipid homeostasis that also have potent anti-inflammatory effects. The molecular basis for their anti-inflammatory effects is incompletely understood, but has been proposed to involve the indirect tethering of LXRs to inflammatory gene promoters. Here we demonstrate that the ability of LXRs to repress inflammatory gene expression in cells and mice derives primarily from their ability to regulate lipid metabolism through transcriptional activation and can occur in the absence of SUMOylation. Moreover, we identify the putative lipid transporter Abca1 as a critical mediator of LXR's anti-inflammatory effects. Activation of LXR inhibits signaling from TLRs 2, 4 and 9 to their downstream NF-κB and MAPK effectors through Abca1-dependent changes in membrane lipid organization that disrupt the recruitment of MyD88 and TRAF6. These data suggest that a common mechanism-direct transcriptional activation-underlies the dual biological functions of LXRs in metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Ito
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Cynthia Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Xin Rong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Tarling
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Per Niklas Hedde
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, Biomedical Engineering Department, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - John Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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Lillis AP, Muratoglu SC, Au DT, Migliorini M, Lee MJ, Fried SK, Mikhailenko I, Strickland DK. LDL Receptor-Related Protein-1 (LRP1) Regulates Cholesterol Accumulation in Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128903. [PMID: 26061292 PMCID: PMC4463855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the circulation, cholesterol is transported by lipoprotein particles and is taken up by cells when these particles associate with cellular receptors. In macrophages, excessive lipoprotein particle uptake leads to foam cell formation, which is an early event in the development of atherosclerosis. Currently, mechanisms responsible for foam cell formation are incompletely understood. To date, several macrophage receptors have been identified that contribute to the uptake of modified forms of lipoproteins leading to foam cell formation, but the in vivo contribution of the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) to this process is not known [corrected]. To investigate the role of LRP1 in cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, we generated mice with a selective deletion of LRP1 in macrophages on an LDL receptor (LDLR)-deficient background (macLRP1-/-). After feeding mice a high fat diet for 11 weeks, peritoneal macrophages isolated from Lrp+/+ mice contained significantly higher levels of total cholesterol than those from macLRP1-/- mice. Further analysis revealed that this was due to increased levels of cholesterol esters. Interestingly, macLRP1-/- mice displayed elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels resulting from accumulation of large, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in the circulation. This increase did not result from an increase in hepatic VLDL biosynthesis, but rather results from a defect in catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in macLRP1-/- mice. These studies reveal an important in vivo contribution of macrophage LRP1 to cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P. Lillis
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Selen Catania Muratoglu
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Dianaly T. Au
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Mary Migliorini
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Fried
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America
| | - Irina Mikhailenko
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
| | - Dudley K. Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Koldamova R, Fitz NF, Lefterov I. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1: from metabolism to neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 72 Pt A:13-21. [PMID: 24844148 PMCID: PMC4302328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates cholesterol efflux to lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein E (apoE). ABCA1 is an essential regulator of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and reverse cholesterol transport - a role that determines its importance for atherosclerosis. Over the last 10 years studies have provided convincing evidence that ABCA1, via its control of apoE lipidation, also has a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A series of reports have revealed a significant impact of ABCA1 on Aβ deposition and clearance in AD model mice, as well as an association of common and rare ABCA1 gene variants with the risk for AD. Since APOE is the major genetic risk factor for late onset AD, the regulation of apoE level or its functionality by ABCA1 may prove significant for AD pathogenesis. ABCA1 is transcriptionally regulated by Liver X Receptors (LXR) and Retinoic X Receptors (RXR) which provides a starting point for drug discovery and development of synthetic LXR and RXR agonists for treatment of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the recent results of research on ABCA1, particularly relevant to atherosclerosis and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosveta Koldamova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Nicholas F Fitz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Iliya Lefterov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Cellular Localization and Trafficking of the Human ABCG1 Transporter. BIOLOGY 2014; 3:781-800. [PMID: 25405320 PMCID: PMC4280511 DOI: 10.3390/biology3040781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a suitable heterologous cell expression system to study the localization, trafficking, and site(s) of function of the human ABCG1 transporter. Increased plasma membrane (PM) and late endosomal (LE) cholesterol generated by ABCG1 was removed by lipoproteins and liposomes, but not apoA-I. Delivery of ABCG1 to the PM and LE was required for ABCG1-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux. ABCG1 LEs frequently contacted the PM, providing a collisional mechanism for transfer of ABCG1-mobilized cholesterol, similar to ABCG1-mediated PM cholesterol efflux to lipoproteins. ABCG1-mobilized LE cholesterol also trafficked to the PM by a non-vesicular pathway. Transfer of ABCG1-mobilized cholesterol from the cytoplasmic face of LEs to the PM and concomitant removal of cholesterol from the outer leaflet of the PM bilayer by extracellular acceptors suggests that ABCG1 mobilizes cholesterol on both sides of the lipid bilayer for removal by acceptors. ABCG1 increased uptake of HDL into LEs, consistent with a potential ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux pathway involving HDL resecretion. Thus, ABCG1 at the PM mobilizes PM cholesterol and ABCG1 in LE/LYS generates mobile pools of cholesterol that can traffic by both vesicular and non-vesicular pathways to the PM where it can also be transferred to extracellular acceptors with a lipid surface.
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A Comprehensive In Silico Analysis of the Functional and Structural Impact of Nonsynonymous SNPs in the ABCA1 Transporter Gene. CHOLESTEROL 2014; 2014:639751. [PMID: 25215231 PMCID: PMC4156994 DOI: 10.1155/2014/639751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Disease phenotypes and defects in function can be traced to nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs), which are important indicators of action sites and effective potential therapeutic approaches. Identification of deleterious nsSNPs is crucial to characterize the genetic basis of diseases, assess individual susceptibility to disease, determinate molecular and therapeutic targets, and predict clinical phenotypes. In this study using PolyPhen2 and MutPred in silico algorithms, we analyzed the genetic variations that can alter the expression and function of the ABCA1 gene that causes the allelic disorders familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia and Tangier disease. Predictions were validated with published results from in vitro, in vivo, and human studies. Out of a total of 233 nsSNPs, 80 (34.33%) were found deleterious by both methods. Among these 80 deleterious nsSNPs found, 29 (12.44%) rare variants resulted highly deleterious with a probability >0.8. We have observed that mostly variants with verified functional effect in experimental studies are correctly predicted as damage variants by MutPred and PolyPhen2 tools. Still, the controversial results of experimental approaches correspond to nsSNPs predicted as neutral by both methods, or contradictory predictions are obtained for them. A total of seventeen nsSNPs were predicted as deleterious by PolyPhen2, which resulted neutral by MutPred. Otherwise, forty two nsSNPs were predicted as deleterious by MutPred, which resulted neutral by PolyPhen2.
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Fu Y, Zhou E, Wei Z, Liang D, Wang W, Wang T, Guo M, Zhang N, Yang Z. Glycyrrhizin inhibits the inflammatory response in mouse mammary epithelial cells and a mouse mastitis model. FEBS J 2014; 281:2543-57. [PMID: 24698106 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin, a triterpene glycoside isolated from licorice root, is known to have anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effect of glycyrrhizin on mastitis has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of action of glycyrrhizin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis in mouse. An LPS-induced mouse mastitis model was used to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizin in vivo. Primary mouse mammary epithelial cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanism and targets of glycyrrhizin. In vivo, glycyrrhizin significantly attenuated the mammary gland histopathological changes, myeloperoxidase activity and infiltration of neutrophilic granulocytes and downregulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 caused by LPS. In vitro, glycyrrhizin dose-dependently inhibited the LPS-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and RANTES. Western blot analysis showed that glycyrrhizin suppressed LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 activation. However, glycyrrhizin did not inhibit nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 activation induced by MyD88-dependent (MyD88, IKKβ) or TRIF-dependent (TRIF, TBK1) downstream signaling components. Moreover, glycyrrhizin did not act though affecting the function of CD14 or expression of Toll-like receptor 4. Finally, we showed that glycyrrhizin decreased the levels of cholesterol of lipid rafts and inhibited the translocation of Toll-like receptor 4 to lipid rafts. Moreover, glycyrrhizin activated ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, which could induce cholesterol efflux from lipid rafts. In conclusion, we find that the anti-inflammatory effects of glycyrrhizin may be attributable to its ability to activate ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Glycyrrhizin might be a useful therapeutic reagent for the treatment of mastitis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China
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Yu W, Zheng H, Lin W, Tajima A, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wu J, Han D, Rahman NA, Korach KS, Gao GF, Inoue I, Li X. Estrogen promotes Leydig cell engulfment by macrophages in male infertility. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2709-21. [PMID: 24762434 DOI: 10.1172/jci59901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Male infertility accounts for almost half of infertility cases worldwide. A subset of infertile men exhibit reduced testosterone and enhanced levels of estradiol (E2), though it is unclear how increased E2 promotes deterioration of male fertility. Here, we utilized a transgenic mouse strain that overexpresses human CYP19, which encodes aromatase (AROM+ mice), and mice with knockout of Esr1, encoding estrogen receptor α (ERαKO mice), to analyze interactions between viable Leydig cells (LCs) and testicular macrophages that may lead to male infertility. In AROM+ males, enhanced E2 promoted LC hyperplasia and macrophage activation via ERα signaling. E2 stimulated LCs to produce growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6), which mediates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by bridging cells with surface exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) to macrophage receptors, including the tyrosine kinases TYRO3, AXL, and MER. Overproduction of E2 increased apoptosis-independent extrusion of PS on LCs, which in turn promoted engulfment by E2/ERα-activated macrophages that was mediated by AXL-GAS6-PS interaction. We further confirmed E2-dependant engulfment of LCs by real-time 3D imaging. Furthermore, evaluation of molecular markers in the testes of patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) revealed enhanced expression of CYP19, GAS6, and AXL, which suggests that the AROM+ mouse model reflects human infertility. Together, these results suggest that GAS6 has a potential as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target for male infertility.
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Fu Y, Zhou E, Wei Z, Song X, Liu Z, Wang T, Wang W, Zhang N, Liu G, Yang Z. Glycyrrhizin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by reducing TLR4 recruitment into lipid rafts in RAW264.7 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1755-64. [PMID: 24462946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glycyrrhizin on LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice and clarify the possible mechanism. METHODS An LPS-induced endotoxemia mouse model was used to confirm the anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizin in vivo. In vitro, RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of glycyrrhizin. The expression of cytokines was determined by ELISA. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was determined by Western blot analysis. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) and Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation were detected by Western blotting and luciferase assay. Lipid raft staining was detected by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In vivo, the results showed that glycyrrhizin can improve survival during lethal endotoxemia. In vitro, glycyrrhizin dose-dependently inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and RANTES in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Western blot analysis showed that glycyrrhizin suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB and IRF3 activation. However, glycyrrhizin did not inhibit NF-κB and IRF3 activation induced by MyD88-dependent (MyD88, IKKβ) or TRIF-dependent (TRIF, TBK1) downstream signaling components. Moreover, glycyrrhizin did not affect the expression of TLR4 and CD14 induced by LPS. Significantly, we found that glycyrrhizin decreased the levels of cholesterol of lipid rafts and inhibited translocation of TLR4 to lipid rafts. Moreover, glycyrrhizin activated ABCA1, which could induce cholesterol efflux from lipid rafts. CONCLUSION Glycyrrhizin exerts an anti-inflammatory property by disrupting lipid rafts and inhibiting translocation of TLR4 to lipid rafts, thereby attenuating LPS-mediated inflammatory response. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Learning the anti-inflammatory mechanism of glycyrrhizin is crucial for the anti-inflammatory drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Ershun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China.
| | - Zhengtao Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, PR China.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. For close to four decades, we have known that high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are inversely correlated with the risk of CVD. HDL is a complex particle that consists of proteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol and has the ability to carry micro-RNAs. HDL is constantly undergoing remodelling throughout its life-span and carries out many functions. This review summarizes many of the different aspects of HDL from its assembly, the receptors it interacts with, along with the functions it performs and how it can be altered in disease. While HDL is a key cholesterol efflux particle, this review highlights the many other important functions of HDL in the innate immune system and details the potential therapeutic uses of HDL outside of CVD.
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Kuhla A, Hahn S, Butschkau A, Lange S, Wree A, Vollmar B. Lifelong Caloric Restriction Reprograms Hepatic Fat Metabolism in Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:915-22. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Lv YC, Yin K, Fu YC, Zhang DW, Chen WJ, Tang CK. Posttranscriptional Regulation ofATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1in Lipid Metabolism. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:348-58. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-cheng Lv
- Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yu-chang Fu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Da-wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wu-jun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chao-ke Tang
- Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Huang CX, Zhang YL, Wang JF, Jiang JY, Bao JL. MCP-1 impacts RCT by repressing ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI through PI3K/Akt posttranslational regulation in HepG2 cells. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1231-40. [PMID: 23402987 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m032482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) plays crucial roles at multiple stages of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that MCP-1 might impair the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) capacity of HepG2 cells by decreasing the cell-surface protein expression of ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1), ATP binding cassette G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). MCP-1 reduced the total protein and mRNA levels of ABCA1 and SR-BI, but not of ABCG1. MCP-1 decreased the cell-surface protein expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, as measured using cell-surface biotinylation. We further studied the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase Akt pathway in regulating receptor trafficking. Both the translation and transcription of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI were not found to be regulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. However, the cell-surface protein expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI could be regulated by PI3K activity, and PI3K activation corrected the MCP-1-induced decreases in the cell-surface protein expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI. Moreover, we found that MCP-1 decreased the lipid uptake by HepG2 cells and the ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apoA-I, which could be reversed by PI3K activation. Our data suggest that MCP-1 impairs RCT activity in HepG2 cells by a PI3K/Akt-mediated posttranslational regulation of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-BI cell-surface expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Xia Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, University of Sun Yat-sen, Guangzhou, China
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Di D, Wang Z, Liu Y, Luo G, Shi Y, Berggren-Söderlund M, Nilsson-Ehle P, Zhang X, Xu N. ABCA1 upregulating apolipoproein M expression mediates via the RXR/LXR pathway in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:152-6. [PMID: 22516753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that liver X receptor (LXR) agonist, TO901317, could significantly inhibit hepatic apolipoprotein M (apoM) expression. It has been reported that TO901317 could activate the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) that mediates cholesterol efflux to the lipid-poor apoAI, which is an essential step for the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) formation. It is unknown if ABCA1 may regulate hepatic apoM expression. In the present study, HepG2 cells were cultured with the synthetic LXR agonists, TO901317 or GW3965 in the presence or absence of ABCA1 antagonist, disodium 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene- 2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS). The mRNA levels of ABCA1, apoM and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) determined by the real-time RT-PCR. It demonstrated that both TO901317 and GW3965 could significantly enhance ABCA1 expression, and simultaneously, inhibit LRH1 expression. However, TO901317 alone could significantly inhibit apoM expression, while GW3965 alone did not influence apoM expression. ABCA1 antagonist, DIDS, have no effects on GW3965 induced upregulation of ABCA1 and downregulation of LRH1. However, apoM mRNA level was significantly decreased when the cells cultured with GW3965 together with DIDS. The present study demonstrated that apoM expression could be elevated by ABCA1 via the RXR/LXR pathway and LRH1 does not involve in the regulation of apoM by the activation of ABCA1, although the direct regulative pathway(s) between ABCA1 and apoM gene is still unknown yet. The detailed mechanism needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Di
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, PR China.
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Zhao GJ, Yin K, Fu YC, Tang CK. The interaction of ApoA-I and ABCA1 triggers signal transduction pathways to mediate efflux of cellular lipids. Mol Med 2012; 18:149-58. [PMID: 22064972 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) has been characterized as a crucial step for antiatherosclerosis, which is initiated by ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) to mediate the efflux of cellular phospholipids and cholesterol to lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). However, the mechanisms underlying apoA-I/ABCA1 interaction to lead to the lipidation of apoA-I are poorly understood. There are several models proposed for the interaction of apoA-I with ABCA1 as well as the lipidation of apoA-I mediated by ABCA1. ApoA-I increases the levels of ABCA1 protein markedly. In turn, ABCA1 can stabilize apoA-I. The interaction of apoA-I with ABCA1 could activate signaling molecules that modulate posttranslational ABCA1 activity or lipid transport activity. The key signaling molecules in these processes include protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), Rho GTPases and Ca²⁺, and many factors also could influence the interaction of apoA-I with ABCA1. This review will summarize these mechanisms for the apoA-I interaction with ABCA1 as well as the signal transduction pathways involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Kuhla A, Blei T, Jaster R, Vollmar B. Aging is associated with a shift of fatty metabolism toward lipogenesis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:1192-200. [PMID: 21835806 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is steadily increasing among the elderly population. Lipid metabolism is transcriptionally controlled by the nuclear receptors retinoid acid receptor alpha, liver-X-receptor alpha, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and their target genes ABCA1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and fatty acid synthase. Using senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8), we addressed the question as to whether age-related increase of oxidative stress affects nuclear receptor gene expression. In contrast to SAMR1 control mice, young SAMP8 mice exhibit hepatic steatosis with increased hepatic cholesterol content, plasma triglyceride, and aspartate aminotransferase levels. This is accompanied by an increase of liver-X-receptor alpha and retinoid acid receptor alpha expression, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha expression is found diminished. SAMP8 mice further reveal a lower expression of ABCA1 as well as of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and higher expression of fatty acid synthase. The dysbalance between the nuclear receptors and their target genes most probably mediates hepatic steatosis and underlines the pathological relevance of nuclear receptor shift toward lipogenesis in fat metabolism of the elderly patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Kuhla
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 69a, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
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Namjoshi D, Stukas S, Wellington CL. ABCA1, apoE and apoA-I as potential therapeutic targets for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The association between apoE genotype and risk and age of onset for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was first discovered in 1993. Innumerable studies since then have defined Aβ-dependent and Aβ-independent roles for apoE in AD pathogenesis. Although therapeutic approaches that specifically target apoE are not yet developed for AD, apoE may have a more fundamental role in brain physiology than previously appreciated. ApoE is the major apolipoprotein in the CNS, coordinating the uptake and delivery of lipids among various cell types in the brain. ApoE receives lipids from the membrane-bound cholesterol and phospholipid transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Genetic and pharmacological methods to enhance ABCA1 activity generate lipid-rich apoE particles and provide cognitive and neuropathological benefits in animal models of AD. Recent studies on apoA-I, which is the major lipid acceptor for ABCA1 in peripheral tissues and is also present in the CNS, suggest that increasing apoA-I function may also have neuroprotective effects. In this article, we will discuss the potential of ABCA1, apoE and apoA-I as therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Namjoshi
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Sophie Stukas
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Mani O, Körner M, Ontsouka CE, Sorensen MT, Sejrsen K, Bruckmaier RM, Albrecht C. Identification of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in milk fat globules and mammary cells--implications for milk cholesterol secretion. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:1265-76. [PMID: 21338792 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 play an important role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis, but their function in mammary gland (MG) tissue remains elusive. A bovine MG model that allows repeated MG sampling in identical animals at different functional stages was used to test whether 1) ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein expression and subcellular localization in mammary epithelial cells (MEC) change during the pregnancy-lactation cycle, and 2) these 2 proteins were present in milk fat globules (MFG). Expression and localization in MEC were investigated in bovine MG tissues at the end of lactation, during the dry period (DP), and early lactation using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence approaches. The presence of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in MFG isolated from fresh milk was determined by immunofluorescence. The ABCA1 protein expression in MEC, expressed as arbitrary units, was higher during the end of lactation (12.2±0.24) and the DP (12.5±0.22) as compared with during early lactation (10.2±0.65). In contrast, no significant change in ABCG1 expression existed between the stages. Throughout the cycle, ABCA1 and ABCG1 were detected in the apical (41.9±24.8 and 49.0±4.96% of cows, respectively), basal (56.2±28.1 and 54.6±7.78% of cows, respectively), or entire cytoplasm (56.8±13.4 and 61.6±14.4% of cows, respectively) of MEC, or showed combined localization. Unlike ABCG1, ABCA1 was absent at the apical aspect of MEC during early lactation. Immunolabeling experiments revealed the presence of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in MFG membranes. Findings suggest a differential, functional stage-dependent role of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in cholesterol homeostasis of the MG epithelium. The presence of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in MFG membranes suggests that these proteins are involved in cholesterol exchange between MEC and alveolar milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Mani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Zhao Y, Van Berkel TJ, Van Eck M. Relative roles of various efflux pathways in net cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Curr Opin Lipidol 2010; 21:441-53. [PMID: 20683325 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32833dedaa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cholesterol efflux mechanisms are essential for macrophage cholesterol homeostasis. HDL, an important cholesterol efflux acceptor, comprises a class of heterogeneous particles that induce cholesterol efflux via distinct pathways. This review focuses on the understanding of the different cholesterol efflux pathways and physiological acceptors involved, and their regulation in atherosclerotic lesions. RECENT FINDINGS The synergistic interactions of ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 as well as ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and scavenger receptor class B type I are essential for cellular cholesterol efflux and the prevention of macrophage foam cell formation. However, the importance of aqueous diffusion should also not be underestimated. Significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying ATP-binding cassette A1-mediated cholesterol efflux and regulation of its expression and trafficking. Conditions locally in the atherosclerotic lesion, for example, lipids, cytokines, oxidative stress, and hypoxia, as well as systemic factors, including inflammation and diabetes, critically influence the expression of cholesterol transporters on macrophage foam cells. Furthermore, HDL modification and remodeling in atherosclerosis, inflammation, and diabetes impairs its function as an acceptor for cellular cholesterol. SUMMARY Recent advances in the understanding of the regulation of cholesterol transporters and their acceptors in atherosclerotic lesions indicate that HDL-based therapies should aim to enhance the activity of cholesterol transporters and improve both the quantity and quality of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Higashi N, Matsumura Y, Mizuno F, Kasahara K, Sugiura S, Mikasa K, Kita E. Enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in non-rafts decreases the sensitivity of vascular endothelial cells to Shiga toxin. Microb Pathog 2010; 49:141-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Development of a Novel Sandwich ELISA for Measuring Cell Lysate ABCA1 Protein Levels. Lipids 2010; 45:757-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bogan RL, Hennebold JD. The reverse cholesterol transport system as a potential mediator of luteolysis in the primate corpus luteum. Reproduction 2010; 139:163-76. [PMID: 19776099 DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cessation of progesterone (P(4)) production (i.e. functional regression), arguably the key event in luteolysis of the primate corpus luteum (CL), is poorly understood. Previously, we found that genes encoding proteins involved in cholesterol uptake decreased, while those involved in cholesterol efflux (reverse cholesterol transport, RCT) increased in expression during spontaneous functional regression of the rhesus macaque CL, thereby potentially depleting the cholesterol reserves needed for steroidogenesis. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the components necessary for RCT was performed. RCT components were expressed (mRNA and/or protein) in the macaque CL including cholesterol sensors (liver X receptors alpha or NR1H3; and beta or NR1H2), efflux proteins (ATP-binding cassette subfamilies A1 (ABCA1) and G1), acceptors (apolipoproteins A1 or APOA1; and E or APOE), and plasma proteins facilitating high-density lipoprotein formation (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase or LCAT; phospholipid transfer protein or PLTP). ABCA1, APOE, PLTP, and NR1H3 increased, while lipoprotein receptors decreased, in expression (mRNA and/or protein) through the period of functional regression. The expression of APOA1 and APOE, as well as NR1H3, was greatest in the CL and tissues involved in regulating cholesterol homeostasis. Immunolocalization studies revealed that RCT proteins and lipoprotein receptors were expressed in large luteal cells, which possess intracellular cholesterol reserves during periods of P(4) synthesis. Lipid staining revealed changes in luteal cholesterol ester/lipid distribution that occurred following functional regression. These results indicate that decreased cholesterol uptake and increased RCT may be critical for the initiation of primate luteolysis by limiting intracellular cholesterol pools required for steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy L Bogan
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, West Campus, 505 Northwest 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
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Fujimoto VY, Kane JP, Ishida BY, Bloom MS, Browne RW. High-density lipoprotein metabolism and the human embryo. Hum Reprod Update 2010; 16:20-38. [PMID: 19700490 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmp029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) appears to be the dominant lipoprotein particle in human follicular fluid (FF). The reported anti-atherogenic properties of HDL have been attributed in part to reverse cholesterol transport. The discoveries of the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and the ATP-binding cassette A1 lipid (ABCA1) transporter have generated studies aimed at unraveling the pathways of HDL biogenesis, remodeling and catabolism. The production of SR-BI and ABCA1 knockout mice as well as other lipoprotein metabolism-associated mutants has resulted in reduced or absent fertility, leading us to postulate the existence of a human hepatic-ovarian HDL-associated axis of fertility. Here, we review an evolving literature on the role of HDL metabolism on mammalian fertility and oocyte development. METHODS An extensive online search was conducted of published articles relevant to the section topics discussed. All relevant English language articles contained in Pubmed/Medline, with no specific time frame for publication, were considered for this narrative review. Cardiovascular literature was highly cited due to the wealth of relevant knowledge on HDL metabolism, and the dearth thereof in the reproductive field. RESULTS Various vertebrate models demonstrate a role for HDL in embryo development and fertility. In our clinical studies, FF levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI levels were negatively associated with embryo fragmentation, but not with embryo cell cleavage rate. However, the HDL component, paraoxonase 1 arylesterase activity, was positively associated with embryo cell cleavage rate. CONCLUSIONS HDL contributes to intra-follicular cholesterol homeostasis which appears to be important for successful oocyte and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Y Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115-0916, USA.
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Landrier JF, Gouranton E, Reboul E, Cardinault N, El Yazidi C, Malezet-Desmoulins C, André M, Nowicki M, Souidi M, Borel P. Vitamin E decreases endogenous cholesterol synthesis and apo-AI-mediated cholesterol secretion in Caco-2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:1207-13. [PMID: 20149624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 10/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intestine is the gateway for newly absorbed tocopherols. This organ also plays a crucial role in cholesterol metabolism. Because tocopherols are known to impact cholesterol metabolism in the liver, we hypothesized that tocopherols could also modulate cholesterol metabolism in the intestine. This study aimed to verify this hypothesis and to unveil the mechanisms involved, using Caco-2 cells as a model of the human intestinal cell. Both α- and γ-tocopherol significantly (P<.05) decreased endogenous cholesterol synthesis and apo-AI-mediated cholesterol secretion in Caco-2 cells. Tocopherols down-regulated (P<.05) up to half of the genes involved in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, together with CYP27A1, which is involved in oxysterol production. The activity of this enzyme, as well as the levels of intracellular oxysterols, was significantly diminished by tocopherols. Finally, tocopherols significantly reduced ABCA1 mRNA levels in Caco-2 cells. We conclude that tocopherols impair the endogenous synthesis and apo-AI-mediated secretion of cholesterol in Caco-2 cells. This effect involves a down-regulation of genes involved in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, resulting in down-regulation of CYP27A1 which, in turn, diminishes oxysterol concentrations. The outcome is a decrease of LXR activity, resulting in down-regulation of ABCA1. These data reinforce the effect of α- and γ-tocopherol on cholesterol metabolism via gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Landrier
- INRA, UMR1260 Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Marseille, F-13385 France.
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Shin JY, Shin JI, Kim JS, Yang YS, Hwang Y, Yang JS, Shin D, Seo JH, Jin YS, Park YC, Hwang JS, Kweon DH. Assembly of Coenzyme Q10 nanostructure resembling nascent discoidal high density lipoprotein particle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 388:217-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Zhou L, Choi HY, Li WP, Xu F, Herz J. LRP1 controls cPLA2 phosphorylation, ABCA1 expression and cellular cholesterol export. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6853. [PMID: 19718435 PMCID: PMC2729921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 mediates apolipoprotein AI-dependent efflux of cholesterol and thereby removes cholesterol from peripheral tissues. ABCA1 expression is tightly regulated and deficiency of this cholesterol transporter results in cholesterol accumulation within cells. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) participates in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis by endocytosis of apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins and modulation of cellular proliferation signals. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the present study, we demonstrate a new role for LRP1 in reverse cholesterol transport. Absence of LRP1 expression results in increased PDGFRbeta signaling and sequential activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, which increases phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)). Phosphorylated and activated cPLA(2) releases arachidonic acid from the phospholipid pool. Overproduction of arachidonic acid suppresses the activation of LXR/RXR heterodimers bound to the promoter of LXR regulated genes such as ABCA1, resulting in greatly reduced ABCA1 expression. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE LRP1 regulates LXR-mediated gene transcription and participates in reverse cholesterol transport by controlling cPLA(2) activation and ABCA1 expression. LRP1 thus functions as a physiological integrator of cellular lipid homeostasis with signals that regulate cellular proliferation and vascular wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hong Y. Choi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Towards a microarray of functional membrane proteins: Assembly of a surface-attachable, membrane-protein-anchored membrane structure using apolipoprotein A-1. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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