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Cavaco T, Faria JMS. Phytochemical Volatiles as Potential Bionematicides with Safer Ecotoxicological Properties. TOXICS 2024; 12:406. [PMID: 38922086 PMCID: PMC11209200 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The management of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) still relies on traditional nematicides that threaten the environment and human health. Novel solutions are urgently needed for PPN pest management that are effective while safeguarding non-target organisms. Volatile phytochemicals belong to a structurally diverse group of bioactive metabolites that are believed to hold safer environmental characteristics than synthetic pesticides. Nonetheless, not many studies have analysed the potential environmental benefits of shifting to these novel bionematicides. In the present study, 20 phytochemical volatiles with reported nematicidal activity were compared to traditional pesticides using specific parameters of environmental and human health safety available on applied online databases and predicted in silico through specialised software. Overall, the reviewed nematicidal phytochemicals were reportedly less toxic than synthetic nematicides. They were predicted to disperse to the air and soil environmental compartments and were reported to have a lower toxicity on aquatic organisms. On the contrary, the synthetic nematicides were reportedly toxic to aquatic organisms while showing a predicted high affinity to the water environmental compartment. As alternatives, β-keto or fatty acid derivatives, e.g., aliphatic alcohols or ketones, showed more adequate properties. This study highlights the importance of complementing studies on nematicidal activity with a risk assessment-based analysis to allow for a faster selection of nematicidal phytochemical volatiles and to leverage the development and implementation of bionematicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cavaco
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-107 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. S. Faria
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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2
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Planelló R, Aquilino M, Beaugeard L, Llorente L, Herrero Ó, Siaussat D, Lécureuil C. Unveiling Molecular Effects of the Secondary Metabolite 2-Dodecanone in the Model Hymenopteran Nasonia vitripennis. TOXICS 2024; 12:159. [PMID: 38393254 PMCID: PMC10892068 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, multiple studies have suggested that the secondary metabolites produced by plants against herbivorous insects could be used as biopesticides. However, as the molecular mechanism of action of these compounds remains unknown, it is difficult to predict how they would affect non-target insects; thus, their innocuity needs to be clarified. Here, we investigate, from the molecular level to the organism, the responses of a useful parasitic insect Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) being exposed at the pupae stage for 48 h (up to 6 days) to sublethal doses (5 µg/L and 500 µg/L) of 2-Dodecanone. 2-Dodecanone altered the gene expression of genes related to ecdysone-related pathways, biotransformation, and cell homeostasis. A significant induction of ecdysone response-genes (EcR, usp, E78, Hr4, Hr38) was detected, despite no significant differences in ecdysteroid levels. Regarding the cell homeostasis processes, the gene l(2)efl was differentially altered in both experimental conditions, and a dose-dependent induction of hex81 was observed. 2-Dodecanone also triggered an induction of Cyp6aQ5 activity. Finally, 2-Dodecanone exposure had a significant effect on neither development time, energy reserves, nor egg-laying capacity; no potential genotoxicity was detected. For the first time, this study shows evidence that 2-Dodecanone can modulate gene expression and interfere with the ecdysone signalling pathway in N. vitripennis. This could lead to potential endocrine alterations and highlight the suitability of this organism to improve our general understanding of the molecular effects of plant defences in insects. Our findings provide new insights into the toxicity of 2-Dodecanone that could potentially be explored in other species and under field conditions for plant protection and pest management as a means to reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Planelló
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - Mónica Aquilino
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - Laureen Beaugeard
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), CNRS-Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
| | - Lola Llorente
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - Óscar Herrero
- Molecular Entomology, Biomarkers and Environmental Stress Group, Faculty of Science, National Distance education University (UNED), 28232 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; (M.A.); (L.L.); (Ó.H.)
| | - David Siaussat
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Department of Sensory Ecology, Sorbonne Université, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Charlotte Lécureuil
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte (IRBI), CNRS-Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
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3
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Hecko S, Schiefer A, Badenhorst CPS, Fink MJ, Mihovilovic MD, Bornscheuer UT, Rudroff F. Enlightening the Path to Protein Engineering: Chemoselective Turn-On Probes for High-Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Activity. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2832-2901. [PMID: 36853077 PMCID: PMC10037340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Many successful stories in enzyme engineering are based on the creation of randomized diversity in large mutant libraries, containing millions to billions of enzyme variants. Methods that enabled their evaluation with high throughput are dominated by spectroscopic techniques due to their high speed and sensitivity. A large proportion of studies relies on fluorogenic substrates that mimic the chemical properties of the target or coupled enzymatic assays with an optical read-out that assesses the desired catalytic efficiency indirectly. The most reliable hits, however, are achieved by screening for conversions of the starting material to the desired product. For this purpose, functional group assays offer a general approach to achieve a fast, optical read-out. They use the chemoselectivity, differences in electronic and steric properties of various functional groups, to reduce the number of false-positive results and the analytical noise stemming from enzymatic background activities. This review summarizes the developments and use of functional group probes for chemoselective derivatizations, with a clear focus on screening for enzymatic activity in protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoffel P S Badenhorst
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael J Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Seong J, Shin J, Kim K, Cho BK. Microbial production of nematicidal agents for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Monedeiro F, Railean-Plugaru V, Monedeiro-Milanowski M, Pomastowski P, Buszewski B. Metabolic Profiling of VOCs Emitted by Bacteria Isolated from Pressure Ulcers and Treated with Different Concentrations of Bio-AgNPs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4696. [PMID: 33946710 PMCID: PMC8124631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the advent of antibiotic resistance, the study of bacterial metabolic behavior stimulated by novel antimicrobial agents becomes a relevant tool to elucidate involved adaptive pathways. Profiling of volatile metabolites was performed to monitor alterations of bacterial metabolism induced by biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were isolated from pressure ulcers, and their cultures were prepared in the presence/absence of bio-AgNPs at 12.5, 25 and 50 µg mL-1. Headspace solid phase microextraction associated to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was the employed analytical platform. At the lower concentration level, the agent promoted positive modulation of products of fermentation routes and bioactive volatiles, indicating an attempt of bacteria to adapt to an ongoing suppression of cellular respiration. Augmented response of aldehydes and other possible products of lipid oxidative cleavage was noticed for increasing levels of bio-AgNPs. The greatest concentration of agent caused a reduction of 44 to 80% in the variety of compounds found in the control samples. Pathway analysis indicated overall inhibition of amino acids and fatty acids routes. The present assessment may provide a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms of bio-AgNPs and how the metabolic response of bacteria is untangled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Monedeiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (V.R.-P.); (M.M.-M.); (P.P.)
| | - Viorica Railean-Plugaru
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (V.R.-P.); (M.M.-M.); (P.P.)
| | - Maciej Monedeiro-Milanowski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (V.R.-P.); (M.M.-M.); (P.P.)
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (V.R.-P.); (M.M.-M.); (P.P.)
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (V.R.-P.); (M.M.-M.); (P.P.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Monedeiro F, Monedeiro-Milanowski M, Ratiu IA, Brożek B, Ligor T, Buszewski B. Needle Trap Device-GC-MS for Characterization of Lung Diseases Based on Breath VOC Profiles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061789. [PMID: 33810121 PMCID: PMC8004837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been assessed in breath samples as possible indicators of diseases. The present study aimed to quantify 29 VOCs (previously reported as potential biomarkers of lung diseases) in breath samples collected from controls and individuals with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Besides that, global VOC profiles were investigated. A needle trap device (NTD) was used as pre-concentration technique, associated to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Univariate and multivariate approaches were applied to assess VOC distributions according to the studied diseases. Limits of quantitation ranged from 0.003 to 6.21 ppbv and calculated relative standard deviations did not exceed 10%. At least 15 of the quantified targets presented themselves as discriminating features. A random forest (RF) method was performed in order to classify enrolled conditions according to VOCs' latent patterns, considering VOCs responses in global profiles. The developed model was based on 12 discriminating features and provided overall balanced accuracy of 85.7%. Ultimately, multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analysis was conducted using the concentration of the nine most discriminative targets (2-propanol, 3-methylpentane, (E)-ocimene, limonene, m-cymene, benzonitrile, undecane, terpineol, phenol) as input and provided an average overall accuracy of 95.5% for multiclass prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Monedeiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Maciej Monedeiro-Milanowski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
| | - Ileana-Andreea Ratiu
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
- “Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele St., RO-400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Beata Brożek
- Department of Lung Diseases, Provincial Polyclinic Hospital in Toruń, 4 Krasińskiego St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(56)-665-60-58
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 4 Wileńska St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (F.M.); (M.M.-M.); (I.-A.R.); (B.B.)
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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7
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Vitense P, Kasbohm E, Klassen A, Gierschner P, Trefz P, Weber M, Miekisch W, Schubert JK, Möbius P, Reinhold P, Liebscher V, Köhler H. Detection of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in Cultures From Fecal and Tissue Samples Using VOC Analysis and Machine Learning Tools. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:620327. [PMID: 33614764 PMCID: PMC7887282 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.620327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a novel approach to accelerate bacterial culture diagnostics of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In the present study, cultures of fecal and tissue samples from MAP-infected and non-suspect dairy cattle and goats were explored to elucidate the effects of sample matrix and of animal species on VOC emissions during bacterial cultivation and to identify early markers for bacterial growth. The samples were processed following standard laboratory procedures, culture tubes were incubated for different time periods. Headspace volume of the tubes was sampled by needle trap-micro-extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analysis of MAP-specific VOC emissions considered potential characteristic VOC patterns. To address variation of the patterns, a flexible and robust machine learning workflow was set up, based on random forest classifiers, and comprising three steps: variable selection, parameter optimization, and classification. Only a few substances originated either from a certain matrix or could be assigned to one animal species. These additional emissions were not considered informative by the variable selection procedure. Classification accuracy of MAP-positive and negative cultures of bovine feces was 0.98 and of caprine feces 0.88, respectively. Six compounds indicating MAP presence were selected in all four settings (cattle vs. goat, feces vs. tissue): 2-Methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, heptanal, isoprene, and 2-heptanone. Classification accuracies for MAP growth-scores ranged from 0.82 for goat tissue to 0.89 for cattle feces. Misclassification occurred predominantly between related scores. Seventeen compounds indicating MAP growth were selected in all four settings, including the 6 compounds indicating MAP presence. The concentration levels of 2,3,5-trimethylfuran, 2-pentylfuran, 1-propanol, and 1-hexanol were indicative for MAP cultures before visible growth was apparent. Thus, very accurate classification of the VOC samples was achieved and the potential of VOC analysis to detect bacterial growth before colonies become visible was confirmed. These results indicate that diagnosis of paratuberculosis can be optimized by monitoring VOC emissions of bacterial cultures. Further validation studies are needed to increase the robustness of indicative VOC patterns for early MAP growth as a pre-requisite for the development of VOC-based diagnostic analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Vitense
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elisa Kasbohm
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Klassen
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Gierschner
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Phillip Trefz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen K Schubert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Petra Möbius
- National Reference Laboratory for Paratuberculosis, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Volkmar Liebscher
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heike Köhler
- National Reference Laboratory for Paratuberculosis, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
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Yu Y, Le HH, Curtis BJ, Wrobel CJJ, Zhang B, Maxwell DN, Pan JY, Schroeder FC. An Untargeted Approach for Revealing Electrophilic Metabolites. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:3030-3037. [PMID: 33074644 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive electrophilic intermediates such as coenzyme A esters play central roles in metabolism but are difficult to detect with conventional strategies. Here, we introduce hydroxylamine-based stable isotope labeling to convert reactive electrophilic intermediates into stable derivatives that are easily detectable via LC-MS. In the model system Caenorhabditis elegans, parallel treatment with 14NH2OH and 15NH2OH revealed >1000 labeled metabolites, e.g., derived from peptide, fatty acid, and ascaroside pheromone biosyntheses. Results from NH2OH treatment of a pheromone biosynthesis mutant, acox-1.1, suggested upregulation of thioesterase activity, which was confirmed by gene expression analysis. The upregulated thioesterase contributes to the biosynthesis of a specific subset of ascarosides, determining the balance of dispersal and attractive signals. These results demonstrate the utility of NH2OH labeling for investigating complex biosynthetic networks. Initial results with Aspergillus and human cell lines indicate applicability toward uncovering reactive metabolomes in diverse living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Henry H. Le
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brian J. Curtis
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Chester J. J. Wrobel
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Danielle N. Maxwell
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Judy Y. Pan
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Frank C. Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Multi-strain volatile profiling of pathogenic and commensal cutaneous bacteria. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17971. [PMID: 33087843 PMCID: PMC7578783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74909-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by pathogenic bacteria has been proposed as a potential non-invasive approach for characterising various infectious diseases as well as wound infections. Studying microbial VOC profiles in vitro allows the mechanisms governing VOC production and the cellular origin of VOCs to be deduced. However, inter-study comparisons of microbial VOC data remains a challenge due to the variation in instrumental and growth parameters across studies. In this work, multiple strains of pathogenic and commensal cutaneous bacteria were analysed using headspace solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A kinetic study was also carried out to assess the relationship between bacterial VOC profiles and the growth phase of cells. Comprehensive bacterial VOC profiles were successfully discriminated at the species-level, while strain-level variation was only observed in specific species and to a small degree. Temporal emission kinetics showed that the emission of particular compound groups were proportional to the respective growth phase for individual S. aureus and P. aeruginosa samples. Standardised experimental workflows are needed to improve comparability across studies and ultimately elevate the field of microbial VOC profiling. Our results build on and support previous literature and demonstrate that comprehensive discriminative results can be achieved using simple experimental and data analysis workflows.
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Fuchsmann P, Tena Stern M, Münger LH, Pimentel G, Burton KJ, Vionnet N, Vergères G. Nutrivolatilomics of Urinary and Plasma Samples to Identify Candidate Biomarkers after Cheese, Milk, and Soy-Based Drink Intake in Healthy Humans. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4019-4033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Metabolic Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted by the Pathogens Francisella tularensis and Bacillus anthracis in Liquid Culture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9333. [PMID: 32518249 PMCID: PMC7283342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted comprehensive (untargeted) metabolic profiling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in culture by bacterial taxa Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) subspecies novicida and Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) Sterne, surrogates for potential bacterial bioterrorism agents, as well as selective measurements of VOCs from their fully virulent counterparts, F. tularensis subspecies tularensis strain SCHU S4 and B. anthracis Ames. F. tularensis and B. anthracis were grown in liquid broth for time periods that covered logarithmic growth, stationary, and decline phases. VOCs emitted over the course of the growth phases were collected from the headspace above the cultures using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We developed criteria for distinguishing VOCs originating from bacteria versus background VOCs (originating from growth media only controls or sampling devices). Analyses of collected VOCs revealed methyl ketones, alcohols, esters, carboxylic acids, and nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds that were present in the bacterial cultures and absent (or present at only low abundance) in control samples indicating that these compounds originated from the bacteria. Distinct VOC profiles where observed for F. tularensis when compared with B. anthracis while the observed profiles of each of the two F. tularensis and B. anthracis strains exhibited some similarities. Furthermore, the relative abundance of VOCs was influenced by bacterial growth phase. These data illustrate the potential for VOC profiles to distinguish pathogens at the genus and species-level and to discriminate bacterial growth phases. The determination of VOC profiles lays the groundwork for non-invasive probes of bacterial metabolism and offers prospects for detection of microbe-specific VOC biomarkers from two potential biowarfare agents.
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Yan Q, Simmons TR, Cordell WT, Hernández Lozada NJ, Breckner CJ, Chen X, Jindra MA, Pfleger BF. Metabolic engineering of β-oxidation to leverage thioesterases for production of 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone. Metab Eng 2020; 61:335-343. [PMID: 32479802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain length methyl ketones are potential blending fuels due to their cetane numbers and low melting temperatures. Biomanufacturing offers the potential to produce these molecules from renewable resources such as lignocellulosic biomass. In this work, we designed and tested metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli to specifically produce 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone. We achieved substantial production of each ketone by introducing chain-length specific acyl-ACP thioesterases, blocking the β-oxidation cycle at an advantageous reaction, and introducing active β-ketoacyl-CoA thioesterases. Using a bioprospecting approach, we identified fifteen homologs of E. coli β-ketoacyl-CoA thioesterase (FadM) and evaluated the in vivo activity of each against various chain length substrates. The FadM variant from Providencia sneebia produced the most 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, and 2-undecanone, suggesting it has the highest activity on the corresponding β-ketoacyl-CoA substrates. We tested enzyme variants, including acyl-CoA oxidases, thiolases, and bi-functional 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases to maximize conversion of fatty acids to β-keto acyl-CoAs for 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, and 2-undecanone production. In order to address the issue of product loss during fermentation, we applied a 20% (v/v) dodecane layer in the bioreactor and built an external water cooling condenser connecting to the bioreactor heat-transferring condenser coupling to the condenser. Using these modifications, we were able to generate up to 4.4 g/L total medium-chain length methyl ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Trevor R Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - William T Cordell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Néstor J Hernández Lozada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christian J Breckner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xuanqi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Michael A Jindra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Semerdjieva IB, Burducea M, Astatkie T, Zheljazkov VD, Dincheva I. Essential Oil Composition of Ruta graveolens L. Fruits and Hyssopus officinalis Subsp. aristatus (Godr.) Nyman Biomass as a Function of Hydrodistillation Time. Molecules 2019; 24:E4047. [PMID: 31717325 PMCID: PMC6891472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the kinetics regression models for yield and composition of Ruta graveolens fruit and Hyssopus officinalis subsp. aristatus aboveground biomass essential oil (EO), collected at different time intervals during the hydrodistillation process. The hypothesis was that collecting the EO fractions during specific time frames may result in EOs with dissimilar composition that may have differential use by the industry. Furthermore, we calculated the kinetics regression models for the composition of EO, isolated by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by GC-MS and GC-FID analyses. The EO yield of R. graveolens fruits was 0.39% (relative area % of GC-FID chromatogram), with major constituents in the Control fraction (0-90 min) being 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, and 2-undecanol, representing 65% of the total oil. The highest concentration of 2-nonanone (60%) was found in the 30-60 min oil fraction, the concentration of 2-undecanone (35%) was highest in the Control (0-90 min) fraction, and the concentration of eucalyptol (19%) was highest in the 5-10 min fraction. The EO yield of H. officinalis subsp. aristatus dried biomass was 1.12%. The major constituents in the Control fraction (0-90 min) of H. officinalis biomass were eucalyptol, α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, and cis-3-pinanone, representing 86% of the total. Eucalyptol (58%) was the highest in the 0-5 min fraction. The highest β-pinene (15%) and cis-3-pinanone (20%) contents were found in the 20-40 min fraction. The kinetics regression models that were developed for EO composition of R. graveolens were second-order polynominal, Michaelis-Menten, and Exponential decay, while for EO composition of H. officinalis subsp. aristatus biomass were Exponential decay and Power. The results from this study could benefit the EO industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka B. Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Marian Burducea
- Research and Development Station for Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700506 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Research Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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14
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Deguenon JM, Zhu J, Denning S, Reiskind MH, Watson DW, Roe RM. Control of Filth Flies, Cochliomyia macellaria (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), and Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), Using Novel Plant-Derived Methyl Ketones. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:1704-1714. [PMID: 31237324 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Filth flies live in close proximity to humans and livestock and transmit pathogens. Current control relies on chemical insecticides, and flies can develop resistance to these insecticides. The public is also interested in natural and safer insecticides. Therefore, alternative pesticides compatible with the synanthropic nature of flies are needed. Four plant aliphatic methyl ketones were evaluated for control of adult house flies, Musca domestica L., blow flies, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), and gray flesh flies, Sarcophaga bullata (Parker). In sealed petri dish assays, 2-heptanone, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, and 2-undecanone exhibited fumigant activity against house flies with 24-h LC50s of 6.9, 7.5, 8.0, and 9.2 µg/cm3, respectively. Further research focused on undecanone (a U.S. EPA-registered biopesticide). When tested in larger enclosures at 1.7, 2.3, and 2.8 µg/cm3, undecanone provided 60.4, 82.2, and 94.4% house fly mortality; 56.9, 75.6, and 92.5% flesh fly mortality; and 62.1, 84.5, and 97.9% blow fly mortality, respectively, after a 2-h exposure. In a two-choice behavioral assay with 194.6 µg/cm2 of the test compound on the treatment versus an untreated surface of the same area, the overall mean repellencies for blow flies were 84.7% for undecanone versus 87.6% for N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). For house flies, mean repellencies were 80.7% for undecanone and 84.9% for DEET. The house fly topical LD50 for undecanone was 58.1 µg per fly. Undecanone was far less expensive for filth fly control than the gold standard for insect fumigation, methyl bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Deguenon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Jiwei Zhu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Steven Denning
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Michael H Reiskind
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - David W Watson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - R Michael Roe
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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15
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Voronova EN, Konyukhov IV, Koksharova OA, Popova AA, Pogosyan SI, Khmel IA, Rubin AB. Inhibition of cyanobacterial photosynthetic activity by natural ketones. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:840-857. [PMID: 30913303 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial volatiles have a significant impact on the physiological functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Various ketones are present in volatile mixtures produced by plants, bacteria, and fungi. Our earlier results demonstrated the inhibitory effects of soil bacteria volatiles, including ketones, on cyanobacteria. In this work, we thoroughly examined the natural ketones, 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone to determine their influence on the photosynthetic activity in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. We observed for the first time that the ketones strongly inhibit electron transport through PSII in cyanobacteria cells in vivo. The addition of ketones decreases the quantum yield of primary PSII photoreactions and changes the PSII chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves. There are clear indications that the ketones inhibit electron transfer from QA to QB , electron transport at the donor side of PSII. The ketones can also modify the process of energy transfer from the antenna complex to the PSII reaction center and, by this means, increase both chlorophyll fluorescence quantum yield and the chlorophyll excited state lifetime. At the highest tested concentration (5 mM) 2-nonanone also induced chlorophyll release from Synechococcus cells that strongly indicates the possible role of the ketones as detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Voronova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan V Konyukhov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Koksharova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Square, 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 40, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Popova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Square, 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Sergey I Pogosyan
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Inessa A Khmel
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Square, 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Andrey B Rubin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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16
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Veselova MA, Plyuta VA, Khmel IA. Volatile Compounds of Bacterial Origin: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activity. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261719030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Hanko EK, Denby CM, Sànchez i Nogué V, Lin W, Ramirez KJ, Singer CA, Beckham GT, Keasling JD. Engineering β-oxidation in Yarrowia lipolytica for methyl ketone production. Metab Eng 2018; 48:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Monteiro SHMC, Silva EK, Alvarenga VO, Moraes J, Freitas MQ, Silva MC, Raices RSL, Sant'Ana AS, Meireles MAA, Cruz AG. Effects of ultrasound energy density on the non-thermal pasteurization of chocolate milk beverage. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 42:1-10. [PMID: 29429649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the emerging high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) processing as a non-thermal alternative to high-temperature short-time pasteurization (HTST). Chocolate milk beverage (CMB) was subjected to different ultrasound energy densities (0.3-3.0 kJ/cm3), as compared to HTST pasteurization (72 °C/15 s) aimed to verify the effect of the HIUS processing on the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of the beverage. The application of HIUS at an energy density of 3.0 kJ/cm3 was able to reduce 3.56 ± 0.02 logarithmic cycles in the total aerobic counts. In addition, the ultrasound energy density affected the physical properties of the beverage as the size distribution of fat globule and rheological behavior, as well as the chemical properties such as antioxidant activity, ACE inhibitory activity, fatty acid profile, and volatile profile. In general, the different energetic densities used as a non-thermal method of pasteurization of CMB were more effective when compared to the conventional pasteurization by HTST, since they improved the microbiological and physicochemical quality, besides preserving the bioactive compounds and the nutritional quality of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H M C Monteiro
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eric Keven Silva
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Verônica O Alvarenga
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeremias Moraes
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mônica Q Freitas
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Silva
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata S L Raices
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M Angela A Meireles
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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López-Lara IM, Nogales J, Pech-Canul Á, Calatrava-Morales N, Bernabéu-Roda LM, Durán P, Cuéllar V, Olivares J, Alvarez L, Palenzuela-Bretones D, Romero M, Heeb S, Cámara M, Geiger O, Soto MJ. 2-Tridecanone impacts surface-associated bacterial behaviours and hinders plant-bacteria interactions. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:2049-2065. [PMID: 29488306 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Surface motility and biofilm formation are behaviours which enable bacteria to infect their hosts and are controlled by different chemical signals. In the plant symbiotic alpha-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, the lack of long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity (FadD) leads to increased surface motility, defects in biofilm development and impaired root colonization. In this study, analyses of lipid extracts and volatiles revealed that a fadD mutant accumulates 2-tridecanone (2-TDC), a methylketone (MK) known as a natural insecticide. Application of pure 2-TDC to the wild-type strain phenocopies the free-living and symbiotic behaviours of the fadD mutant. Structural features of the MK determine its ability to promote S. meliloti surface translocation, which is mainly mediated by a flagella-independent motility. Transcriptomic analyses showed that 2-TDC induces differential expression of iron uptake, redox and stress-related genes. Interestingly, this MK also influences surface motility and impairs biofilm formation in plant and animal pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, 2-TDC not only hampers alfalfa nodulation but also the development of tomato bacterial speck disease. This work assigns a new role to 2-TDC as an infochemical that affects important bacterial traits and hampers plant-bacteria interactions by interfering with microbial colonization of plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M López-Lara
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Joaquina Nogales
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Ángel Pech-Canul
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Nieves Calatrava-Morales
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Lydia M Bernabéu-Roda
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Paloma Durán
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Virginia Cuéllar
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - José Olivares
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62209, Mexico
| | - Diana Palenzuela-Bretones
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manuel Romero
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stephan Heeb
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Miguel Cámara
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Otto Geiger
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - María J Soto
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, 18008, Spain
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20
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Zhu J, Dhammi A, van Kretschmar JB, Vargo EL, Apperson CS, Michael Roe R. Novel use of aliphatic n-methyl ketones as a fumigant and alternative to methyl bromide for insect control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:648-657. [PMID: 28967211 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumigants like phosphine, methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride are highly effective for the control of structural, storage and agricultural arthropod pests. Unfortunately, many of these synthetic compounds are highly toxic to people, many pests have developed resistance to these compounds and methyl bromide, the 'gold standard' for fumigants, was de-registered because of its contribution to depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. Alternative fumigant chemistry is needed. RESULTS Several plant species produce n-aliphatic methyl ketones to prevent plant herbivory. To examine the use of methyl ketones as a fumigant, structure-mortality studies were conducted using the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, as a model. A new easy-to-use, inexpensive and disposable bioassay system was developed for this study. The LC50 values for heptanone, octanone, nonanone and undecanone were 4.27, 5.11, 5.26 and 8.21 µg/cm3 of ambient air, respectively. Although heptanone, octanone and nonanone were more effective than undecanone, subsequent research was conducted with 2-undecanone because this compound already has US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registration as a biopesticide. In dose-response field studies, 12.4 mL of undecanone injected into mounds was the lowest application rate that produced no ant activity in the mound with no re-establishment of ants. Reagent grade undecanone was more cost-effective than methyl bromide for fire ants, adult German cockroaches and tobacco budworm eggs, but slightly more expensive for adult flour beetles. CONCLUSION The naturally occurring methyl ketone undecanone has the potential to be an alternative to current fumigants for a variety of pest applications. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Zhu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anirudh Dhammi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jaap B van Kretschmar
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Edward L Vargo
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Charles S Apperson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - R Michael Roe
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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21
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Covarrubias-García I, Aizpuru A, Arriaga S. Effect of the continuous addition of ozone on biomass clogging control in a biofilter treating ethyl acetate vapors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:469-475. [PMID: 28110881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofiltration systems have been recognized as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly control technique for volatile organic compounds (VOC) removal. However, the long-term operation of biofilters causes biomass accumulation, and thus the occurrence of bed clogging, leading to a major decrease in biofilter performance. Control methods have been carried out in order to solve clogging problems, including backwashing, bed stirring, modification of flow patterns, predation, starvation and others. Ozone (O3) has been used in biofiltration systems at low concentrations to control the excess of biomass. It is worth mentioning that all these biofiltration studies involving O3 treated recalcitrant pollutants such as chlorobenzene, formaldehyde and toluene, which do not produce enough biomass to effectively prove clogging prevention. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of the continuous addition of O3 as a chemical oxidant at a very low concentration (90ppbv) as a practical solution to overcoming clogging in a process of biofiltration of ethyl acetate (EA), a readily degradable molecule. The maximum elimination capacities achieved ranged from 200 to 120gm-3h-1, with and without O3, respectively. The biomass concentrations in these systems ranged from 23.3-180.1 to 43.31-288.46mgbiomassgperlite-1 with and without O3 addition, respectively. Based on the results, it was concluded that the continuous addition of O3 could be an attractive solution to improving biofilter performance and extending the lifetime of the filter bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzel Covarrubias-García
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICyT), San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Aitor Aizpuru
- Universidad del Mar, Campus Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca, Mexico.
| | - Sonia Arriaga
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICyT), San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Lee SM, Oh J, Hurh BS, Jeong GH, Shin YK, Kim YS. Volatile Compounds Produced by Lactobacillus paracasei During Oat Fermentation. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C2915-C2922. [PMID: 27925257 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the profiles of volatile compounds produced by Lactobacillus paracasei during oat fermentation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with headspace solid-phase microextraction method. A total of 60 compounds, including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, furan derivatives, hydrocarbons, ketones, sulfur-containing compounds, terpenes, and other compounds, were identified in fermented oat. Lipid oxidation products such as 2-pentylfuran, 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, and nonanal were found to be the main contributors to oat samples fermented by L. paracasei with the level of 2-pentylfuran being the highest. In addition, the contents of ketones, alcohols, acids, and furan derivatives in the oat samples consistently increased with the fermentation time. On the other hand, the contents of degradation products of amino acids, such as 3-methylbutanal, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide, decreased in oat samples during fermentation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to discriminate the fermented oat samples according to different fermentation times. The fermented oats were clearly differentiated on PCA plots. The initial fermentation stage was mainly affected by aldehydes, whereas the later samples of fermented oats were strongly associated with acids, alcohols, furan derivatives, and ketones. The application of PCA to data of the volatile profiles revealed that the oat samples fermented by L. paracasei could be distinguished according to fermentation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Oh
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Serk Hurh
- Sempio Foods Company R&D Center, Cheongju, 363-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Hwa Jeong
- Sempio Foods Company R&D Center, Cheongju, 363-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Keum Shin
- Sempio Foods Company R&D Center, Cheongju, 363-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Dept. of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans Univ, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
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23
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Kirillov V, Stikhareva T, Suleimen Y, Serafimovich M, Kabanova S, Mukanov B. Chemical composition of the essential oil from carnation coniferous (Dianthus acicularis Fisch. ex Ledeb) growing wild in Northern Kazakhstan. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:117-123. [PMID: 27465604 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1214832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate volatile compounds from the aerial parts of Dianthus acicularis of the genus Dianthus of the family Caryophyllaceae grown wild in Northern Kazakhstan for the first time. D. acicularis is a typical Trans-Volga-Kazakhstani endemic. D. acicularis has high resistance to the bacterial wilt, a serious disease caused by Burkholderia caryophylli. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the specimens of the essential oils were analysed by the method of GC-MS. The main constituents of D. acicularis essential oil were methyl ketones - 2-pentadecanone (26.9-32.2%) and 2-tridecanone (4.7-17.7%), identified for the first time in the Dianthus genus. The methyl ketone activity provides protection of the plants from herbivores and fungal pathogens. One can suppose that the presence of 2-pentadecanone and 2-tridecanone in the essential oil of carnation coniferous provides its resistance to different insects and pathogens, including the resistance to the bacterial wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Kirillov
- a Department of Breeding , Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry , Shchuchinsk , Kazakhstan
| | - Tamara Stikhareva
- a Department of Breeding , Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry , Shchuchinsk , Kazakhstan
| | - Yerlan Suleimen
- b Institute of Applied Chemistry , L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University , Astana , Kazakhstan
| | - Mariya Serafimovich
- a Department of Breeding , Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry , Shchuchinsk , Kazakhstan
| | - Svetlana Kabanova
- a Department of Breeding , Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry , Shchuchinsk , Kazakhstan
| | - Bolat Mukanov
- a Department of Breeding , Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry , Shchuchinsk , Kazakhstan
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24
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Beller HR, Lee TS, Katz L. Natural products as biofuels and bio-based chemicals: fatty acids and isoprenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2015. [PMID: 26216573 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although natural products are best known for their use in medicine and agriculture, a number of fatty acid-derived and isoprenoid natural products are being developed for use as renewable biofuels and bio-based chemicals. This review summarizes recent work on fatty acid-derived compounds (fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty alcohols, medium- and short-chain methyl ketones, alkanes, α-olefins, and long-chain internal alkenes) and isoprenoids, including hemiterpenes (e.g., isoprene and isopentanol), monoterpenes (e.g., limonene), and sesquiterpenes (e.g., farnesene and bisabolene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Beller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, California, 94608 USA.
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25
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Giorgio A, De Stradis A, Lo Cantore P, Iacobellis NS. Biocide effects of volatile organic compounds produced by potential biocontrol rhizobacteria on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1056. [PMID: 26500617 PMCID: PMC4594563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Six rhizobacteria isolated from common bean and able to protect bean plants from the common bacterial blight (CBB) causal agent, were in vitro evaluated for their potential antifungal effects toward different plant pathogenic fungi, mostly soil-borne. By dual culture assays, the above bacteria resulted producing diffusible and volatile metabolites which inhibited the growth of the majority of the pathogens under study. In particular, the latter substances highly affected the mycelium growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strains, one of which was selected for further studies either on mycelium or sclerotia. Gas chromatographic analysis of the bacterial volatiles led to the identification of an array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Time course studies showed the modification of the VOCs profile along a period of 5 days. In order to evaluate the single detected VOC effects on fungal growth, some of the pure compounds were tested on S. sclerotiorum mycelium and their minimal inhibitory quantities were determined. Similarly, the minimal inhibitory quantities on sclerotia germination were also defined. Moreover, observations by light and transmission electron microscopes highlighted hyphae cytoplasm granulation and ultrastructural alterations at cell organelles, mostly membranes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. The membranes appeared one of the primary targets of bacterial volatiles, as confirmed by hemolytic activity observed for the majority of pure VOCs. However, of interest is the alteration observed on mitochondria as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Giorgio
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata Potenza, Italy
| | - Angelo De Stradis
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Lo Cantore
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata Potenza, Italy
| | - Nicola S Iacobellis
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata Potenza, Italy
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26
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Goh EB, Baidoo EE, Burd H, Lee TS, Keasling JD, Beller HR. Substantial improvements in methyl ketone production in E. coli and insights on the pathway from in vitro studies. Metab Eng 2014; 26:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Beier A, Hahn V, Bornscheuer UT, Schauer F. Metabolism of alkenes and ketones by Candida maltosa and related yeasts. AMB Express 2014; 4:75. [PMID: 25309846 PMCID: PMC4192553 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge is scarce about the degradation of ketones in yeasts. For bacteria a subterminal degradation of alkanes to ketones and their further metabolization has been described which always involved Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs). In addition, the question has to be clarified whether alkenes are converted to ketones, in particular for the oil degrading yeast Candida maltosa little is known. In this study we show the degradation of the aliphatic ketone dodecane-2-one by Candida maltosa and the related yeasts Candida tropicalis, Candida catenulata and Candida albicans as well as Trichosporon asahii and Yarrowia lipolytica. One pathway is initiated by the formation of decyl acetate, resulting from a Baeyer-Villiger-oxidation of this ketone. Beyond this, an initial reduction to dodecane-2-ol by a keto reductase was clearly shown. In addition, two different ways to metabolize dodec-1-ene were proposed. One involved the formation of dodecane-2-one and the other one a conversion leading to carboxylic and dicarboxylic acids. Furthermore the induction of ketone degrading enzymes by dodecane-2-one and dodec-1-ene was shown. Interestingly, with dodecane no subterminal degradation products were detected and it did not induce any enzymes to convert dodecane-2-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Beier
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Applied Microbiology, Greifswald University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald, 17487, Germany ; Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Veronika Hahn
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Applied Microbiology, Greifswald University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
| | - Frieder Schauer
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Applied Microbiology, Greifswald University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald, 17487, Germany
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28
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Laulhé S, Geers TE, Shi X, Zhang X, Nantz MH. Electron Ionization-Induced Release of Coded Isotopic Reporter Ions in an m/z Zone of Minimal Interference for Quantifiable, Multiplexed GC-MS Analyses. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2013; 5:10.1039/C3AY41124A. [PMID: 24235976 PMCID: PMC3822575 DOI: 10.1039/c3ay41124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe an isotope coding strategy that enables simultaneous GC-MS analysis of multiple samples for substrate identification and quantification. The method relies on direct measurement of isotopic ethyl carbenium ions serving as mass spectral tags in a zone of minimal interference (ZMI) at m/z 31-37. Sample aldehyde and ketone mixtures were reacted with isotopic 2-aminooxyethyl propionates to illustrate the method, which determined the relative abundance of the mixed compounds with an average 95% accuracy. ZMI reporter ion detection also enables chemoselective substrate profiling and absolute quantification, as demonstrated using a biologically derived sample.
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29
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Lan EI, Dekishima Y, Chuang DS, Liao JC. Metabolic engineering of 2-pentanone synthesis inEscherichia coli. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Derrick S. Chuang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of California; Los Angeles; CA; 90095
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30
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Park J, Rodríguez-Moyá M, Li M, Pichersky E, San KY, Gonzalez R. Synthesis of methyl ketones by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:1703-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Methyl ketones are a group of highly reduced platform chemicals with widespread applications in the fragrance, flavor and pharmacological industries. Current methods for the industrial production of methyl ketones include oxidation of hydrocarbons, but recent advances in the characterization of methyl ketone synthases from wild tomato have sparked interest towards the development of microbial platforms for the industrial production of methyl ketones. A functional methyl ketone biosynthetic pathway was constructed in Escherichia coli by over-expressing two genes from Solanum habrochaites: shmks2, encoding a 3-ketoacyl-ACP thioesterase, and shmks1, encoding a beta-decarboxylase. These enzymes enabled methyl ketone synthesis from 3-ketoacyl-ACP, an intermediate in the fatty acid biosynthetic cycle. The production of 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, and 2-tridecanone by MG1655 pTH-shmks2-shmks1 was initially detected by nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses at levels close to 6 mg/L. The deletion of major fermentative pathways leading to ethanol (adhE), lactate (ldhA), and acetate (pta, poxB) production allowed for the carbon flux to be redirected towards methyl ketone production, doubling total methyl ketone concentration. Variations in methyl ketone production observed under different working volumes in flask experiments led to a more detailed analysis of the effects of oxygen availability on methyl ketone concentration in order to determine optimal levels of oxygen. The methyl ketone concentration achieved with MG1655 ∆adhE ∆ldhA ∆poxB ∆pta pTrcHis2A-shmks2-shmks1, the best performer strain in this study, was approximately 500 mg/L, the highest reported for an engineered microorganism. Through the establishment of optimal operating conditions and by executing rational metabolic engineering strategies, we were able to increase methyl ketone concentrations by almost 75-fold from the initial confirmatory levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Park
- grid.21940.3e 0000000419368278 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University 6100 Main Street, MS-362 77005 Houston TX USA
| | - María Rodríguez-Moyá
- grid.21940.3e 0000000419368278 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University 6100 Main Street, MS-362 77005 Houston TX USA
| | - Mai Li
- grid.21940.3e 0000000419368278 Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX USA
| | - Eran Pichersky
- grid.214458.e 0000000086837370 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Ka-Yiu San
- grid.21940.3e 0000000419368278 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University 6100 Main Street, MS-362 77005 Houston TX USA
- grid.21940.3e 0000000419368278 Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX USA
| | - Ramon Gonzalez
- grid.21940.3e 0000000419368278 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University 6100 Main Street, MS-362 77005 Houston TX USA
- grid.21940.3e 0000000419368278 Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston TX USA
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31
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Abstract
We have engineered Escherichia coli to overproduce saturated and monounsaturated aliphatic methyl ketones in the C₁₁ to C₁₅ (diesel) range; this group of methyl ketones includes 2-undecanone and 2-tridecanone, which are of importance to the flavor and fragrance industry and also have favorable cetane numbers (as we report here). We describe specific improvements that resulted in a 700-fold enhancement in methyl ketone titer relative to that of a fatty acid-overproducing E. coli strain, including the following: (i) overproduction of β-ketoacyl coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters achieved by modification of the β-oxidation pathway (specifically, overexpression of a heterologous acyl-CoA oxidase and native FadB and chromosomal deletion of fadA) and (ii) overexpression of a native thioesterase (FadM). FadM was previously associated with oleic acid degradation, not methyl ketone synthesis, but outperformed a recently identified methyl ketone synthase (Solanum habrochaites MKS2 [ShMKS2], a thioesterase from wild tomato) in β-ketoacyl-CoA-overproducing strains tested. Whole-genome transcriptional (microarray) studies led to the discovery that FadM is a valuable catalyst for enhancing methyl ketone production. The use of a two-phase system with decane enhanced methyl ketone production by 4- to 7-fold in addition to increases from genetic modifications.
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32
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Stuhl C, Sivinski J, Teal P, Paranhos B, Aluja M. A compound produced by fruigivorous Tephritidae (Diptera) larvae promotes oviposition behavior by the biological control agent Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 40:727-736. [PMID: 22251652 DOI: 10.1603/en10198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tephritid fruit fly parasitoids use fruit-derived chemical cues and the vibrations that result from larval movements to locate hosts sequestered inside fruit. However, compounds produced by the larvae themselves have not been previously described nor their significance to parasitoid foraging determined. We collected the volatiles from four species of tropical and subtropical Tephritidae: Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett, and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), representing two subfamilies (Dacinae and Trypetinae). Para-ethylacetophenone, an analog of a known tephritid parasitoid attractant, was a major constituent of all four, and was not associated with larvae of another acalypterate fly, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, or with the calypterate Musca domestica L. It also was present in volatiles from whole, A. suspensa infested fruits of Eugenia uniflora (L.). Para-ethylacetophenone was not necessarily produced as a direct consequence of fruit consumption because it also was detected from larvae that developed in two artificial diets and in spent diets subsequent to larval development. Sensillae on both the antennae and ovipositor of the opiine braconid fruit fly parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) responded to the para-ethylacetophenone in larval volatiles and as a synthetic. Although a potential cue to foraging parasitoids, para-ethylacetophenone showed no long range (>1m) attractiveness to the adult female parasitoid, but did stimulate ovipositor-insertion and oviposition into both a natural (fruit) and an artificial (parafilm) substrate. Thus it may prove useful in colonizing and mass-rearing opine fruit fly parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Stuhl
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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33
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Whittaker DJ, Soini HA, Atwell JW, Hollars C, Novotny MV, Ketterson ED. Songbird chemosignals: volatile compounds in preen gland secretions vary among individuals, sexes, and populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 21:608-614. [PMID: 22475692 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arq033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemical signaling has been documented in many animals, but its potential importance in avian species, particularly songbirds, has received far less attention. We tested whether volatile compounds in the preen oil of a songbird (Junco hyemalis) contain reliable information about individual identity, sex, or population of origin by repeated sampling from captive male and female juncos originating from 2 recently diverged junco populations in southern California. One of the populations recently colonized an urban environment; the other resides in a species-typical montane environment. The birds were field-caught as juveniles, housed under identical conditions, and fed the same diet for 10 months prior to sampling. We used capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify the relative abundance of 19 volatile compounds previously shown to vary seasonally in this species. We found individual repeatability as well as significant sex and population differences in volatile profiles. The persistence of population differences in a common environment suggests that preen oil chemistry likely has a genetic basis and may thus evolve rapidly in response to environmental change. These finding suggest that songbird preen oil odors have the potential to function as chemosignals associated with mate recognition or reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Whittaker
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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34
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Markovetz AJ, Kallio RE. Subterminal Oxidation of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons by Microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/10408417109104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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36
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Fridman E, Wang J, Iijima Y, Froehlich JE, Gang DR, Ohlrogge J, Pichersky E. Metabolic, genomic, and biochemical analyses of glandular trichomes from the wild tomato species Lycopersicon hirsutum identify a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of methylketones. THE PLANT CELL 2005; 17:1252-67. [PMID: 15772286 PMCID: PMC1088000 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.104.029736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2004] [Accepted: 02/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Medium-length methylketones (C7-C15) are highly effective in protecting plants from numerous pests. We used a biochemical genomics approach to elucidate the pathway leading to synthesis of methylketones in the glandular trichomes of the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f glabratum (accession PI126449). A comparison of gland EST databases from accession PI126449 and a second L. hirsutum accession, LA1777, whose glands do not contain methylketones, showed that the expression of genes for fatty acid biosynthesis is elevated in PI126449 glands, suggesting de novo biosynthesis of methylketones. A cDNA abundant in the PI126449 gland EST database but rare in the LA1777 database was similar in sequence to plant esterases. This cDNA, designated Methylketone Synthase 1 (MKS1), was expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified protein used to catalyze in vitro reactions in which C12, C14, and C16 beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-proteins (intermediates in fatty acid biosynthesis) were hydrolyzed and decarboxylated to give C11, C13, and C15 methylketones, respectively. Although MKS1 does not contain a classical transit peptide, in vitro import assays showed that it was targeted to the stroma of plastids, where fatty acid biosynthesis occurs. Levels of MKS1 transcript, protein, and enzymatic activity were correlated with levels of methylketones and gland density in a variety of tomato accessions and in different plant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Fridman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan An Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, USA
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37
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Fadda S, Lebert A, Leroy-Sétrin S, Talon R. Decarboxylase activity involved in methyl ketone production by Staphylococcus carnosus 833, a strain used in sausage fermentation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 210:209-14. [PMID: 12044676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus carnosus strain 833, inoculated into sausage, increased the levels of methyl ketones which contributed to the cured aroma. These ketones were predicted to arise from incomplete beta-oxidation followed by a decarboxylation. To check this hypothesis, we measured the beta-decarboxylase activity in resting cells of S. carnosus grown in complex or in synthetic medium, using as substrate a beta-ketoacid, which can be an intermediate of the beta-oxidation pathway. This activity was present throughout the growth period. The enzyme appeared to be constitutive because no induction was observed. High aeration, a pH of 5 and the presence of nitrate promoted the production of methyl ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fadda
- INRA Clermont Ferrand-Theix, Station de Recherches sur la Viande, 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
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38
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Fadda SG, Lebert A, Talon R. Development of an enzymatic method to quantify methyl ketones from bacterial origin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:2471-2474. [PMID: 11958607 DOI: 10.1021/jf011298v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Methyl ketones are detected in dry fermented sausages in which they contribute to the cured aroma. They have been associated with the inoculation of Staphylococcus carnosus used as starter culture. To evaluate the ability of bacterial starters to produce methyl ketones it was necessary to develop a rapid method. The method consists of a reaction catalyzed by a commercial NADPH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase that reduces the 2-pentanone to its secondary alcohol. The linearity, the specificity, and the robustness were studied. Its accuracy was confirmed by comparison with the gas chromatography technique. Finally, the method was validated on biological samples such as the 2-pentanone produced by Staphylococcus carnosus. The enzymatic method offers some advantages over the gas chromatography, as it is faster, simpler, and inexpensive, guaranteeing an effective way to assess bacterial ketone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina G Fadda
- Station de Recherches sur la Viande, INRA Theix, 63122 Saint-Genes Champanelle, France
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39
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Jeleń H, Wasowicz E. Volatile fungal metabolites and their relation to the spoilage of agricultural commodities. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129809541170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Abstract
The majority of pheromones identified to date are insect pheromones, which are volatile in nature. Identification of nonvolatile pheromones have been relatively rare, especially in vertebrates. Male and female garter snakes use pheromones to mediate sexual behavior. The female sex attractiveness pheromone of the Canadian red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, consists of a novel series of nonvolatile saturated and monounsaturated long-chain methyl ketones, whereas the male sex recognition pheromone contains squalene. These compounds were isolated, identified, and partially synthesized, and field tests show them to be biologically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Mason
- Laboratory of Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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42
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Macmichael GJ, Brown LR. Role of Carbon Dioxide in Catabolism of Propane by “
Nocardia paraffinicum
” (
Rhodococcus rhodochrous
). Appl Environ Microbiol 1987; 53:65-9. [PMID: 16347267 PMCID: PMC203603 DOI: 10.1128/aem.53.1.65-69.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The catabolism of propane by “
Nocardia paraffinicum
” (
Rhodococcus rhodochrous
) has been shown to involve CO
2
fixation after its oxidation to propionic acid. “
N. paraffinicum
” failed to grow on either propane or 1-propanol in the absence of CO
2
. The rate of propane utilization was directly related to the initial CO
2
concentration, and Warburg respirometry suggested that CO
2
was required for the catabolism of 1-propanol, propionaldehyde, and propionate but not for 2-propanol. These data also suggested that the predominant pathway for the utilization of propane by “
N. paraffinicum
” was through 1-propanol. The use of [2-
14
C]propane and
14
CO
2
confirmed the catabolism of propane and the fixation of CO
2
. Through the use of these isotopes and the pyruvate carboxylase inhibitor sodium arsenite, the labeled 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative of pyruvate was trapped and isolated via thin-layer chromatography. The trapping of [
14
C]pyruvate in this manner was considered to be indicative of the presence of the methylmalonyl coenzyme A pathway for CO
2
fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Macmichael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
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45
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Kamiński E, Stawicki S, Wasowicz E, Kasperek M. Volatile odour substances produced by microflora. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/food.19800240202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Souw P, Luftmann H, Rehm HJ. Oxidation of n-alkanes by citric acid producingCandida spp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01263329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Britton L, Markovetz A. A novel ketone monooxygenase from Pseudomonas cepacia. Purification and properties. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kinsella JE, Hwang DH. Enzymes of Penicillium roqueforti involved in the biosynthesis of cheese flavor. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION 1976; 8:191-228. [PMID: 21770 DOI: 10.1080/10408397609527222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ripening of blue and Roquefort cheeses is accomplished by the concerted and controlled actions of enzymes of the mold Penicillium roqueforti. The properties and effects of the enzymes involved in flavor development (i.e., proteases, lipase and beta-ketoacid decarboxylase) are reviewed. The metabolic activities of both spores and mycelia of P. roqueforti in relation to fatty acid metabolism and flavor generation are discussed. The chemical composition of blue cheese flavor and the simulation of this flavor by fermentation and formulation are briefly surveyed. Some nutritional aspects of blue cheese are cited.
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Eubanks EF, Forney FW, Larson AD. Purification and characterization of the nocardial acetylesterase involved in 2-butanone degradation. J Bacteriol 1974; 120:1133-43. [PMID: 4436255 PMCID: PMC245892 DOI: 10.1128/jb.120.3.1133-1143.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An inducible acetylesterase (EC 3.1.1.6) that hydrolyzes ethyl acetate, an intermediate in the degradation of 2-butanone by Nocardia strain LSU-169, was purified. The polypeptide molecular weight as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 39,500, and the enzyme molecular weight determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation was 84,000. The purified enzyme demonstrated aggregation in polyacrylamide gels. The esterase hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate; however, enzymatic hydrolysis of phosphates, sulfates, dipeptides, lactones, or the ethyl esters of N-benzoyl-l-tyrosine could not be detected. The apparent K(m) for esterase activity with p-nitrophenyl acetate as the substrate was 6.7 x 10(-5) M, and the maximal velocity (V) was 1,223 mumol/min per mg of protein at 30 C. With ethyl acetate as the substrate, the apparent K(m) was 3.6 x 10(-4) M and V was 1,026 mumol/min per mg of protein. No significant inhibition of esterase activity was obtained with organophosphates, mercuric compounds, eserine sulfate, sodium arsanilate, NaF, CaCl(2), CoCl(2), or MnCl(2). At concentrations from 7 x 10(-4) to 4 x 10(-3) M, 2-butanol and primary alcohols with chain lengths of four or more carbons inhibited esterase activity from 59 to 86%. Linear noncompetitive inhibition of esterase activity by 3-methyl-1-butanol with a K(i) of 1.0 x 10(-3) M was demonstrated.
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Shum AC, Markovetz AJ. Purification and properties of undecyl acetate esterase from Pseudomonas cepacia grown on 2-tridecanone. J Bacteriol 1974; 118:880-9. [PMID: 4829930 PMCID: PMC246835 DOI: 10.1128/jb.118.3.880-889.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Undecyl acetate esterase has been purified from Pseudomonas cepacia grown on the methyl ketone, 2-tridecanone. The K(m) for undecyl acetate was 2.3 x 10(-2) M. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that two esterase bands were being recovered during purification. These bands were separated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weights were estimated to be approximately 34,500 by several methods. Molecular sieve polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the two esterases had the same molecular weight but different charge, which is indicative of isoenzymes.
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