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Gangidi RR, Lokesh BR. Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Formation in Edible Oils by Photoisomerization: A Review. J Food Sci 2014; 79:R781-5. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Reddy Gangidi
- Lipid Science and Traditional Foods Dept.; CSIR Central Food Technological Research Inst. (CFTRI); Mysore Karnataka 570020 India
| | - Belur Ramaswamy Lokesh
- Lipid Science and Traditional Foods Dept.; CSIR Central Food Technological Research Inst. (CFTRI); Mysore Karnataka 570020 India
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Abel H, Rosenow H, Steffens N, Molnár S. Zum Einfluß verschiedener Futterenergieträger auf den Fettstoffwechsel1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.1976.tb00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Evidence that lipids play different roles in the biological environment, particularly in dealing with metabolic regulation and cell signaling, has led to a growing interest in these molecules, and nowadays the research field of lipid structures and functions is called lipidomics. The term describes diverse research areas, from mapping the entire spectrum of lipids in organisms to describing the function and metabolism of individual lipids. Recent investigations on geometrical trans isomers of fatty acid derivatives, which have the double bonds in the same position as the natural compounds but with the trans instead of the naturally occurring cis geometry, highlighted these compounds as a new target for lipidomics. In addition to the identification of their structures and functions, research in a multidisciplinary context aims at understanding the biochemical significance of cis and trans lipid geometry, and a chemical biology approach can be envisaged to explore the role of the geometry change as either an alteration or a signal that can perturb a biological system and induce a cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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Bretillon L, Chardigny J, Sébédio J, Noël J, Scrimgeour C, Fernie C, Loreau O, Gachon P, Beaufrère B. Isomerization increases the postprandial oxidation of linoleic acid but not α-linolenic acid in men. J Lipid Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)31624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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6
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Intestinal absorption of essential fatty acids under physiological and essential fatty acid-deficient conditions. J Lipid Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Roth WL, Freeman RA, Wilson AG. A physiologically based model for gastrointestinal absorption and excretion of chemicals carried by lipids. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 1993; 13:531-543. [PMID: 8259443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic models which incorporate independently measured anatomical characteristics and physiological flows have been widely used to predict the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs, anesthetics, and other chemicals. Models appearing in the literature have included as many as 18, or as few as 5 tissue compartments. With the exception of the multiple-compartment delay trains used by Bischoff to model the delays inherent to the appearance of drug metabolites in bile and segments of the intestinal lumen, very little effort has been made to incorporate the available information on gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology into more accurate gastrointestinal absorption/enterohepatic recirculation submodels. Since several authors have shown that the lymphatic system is the most significant route of absorption for highly lipophilic chemicals, we have constructed a model of gastrointestinal absorption that emphasizes chylomicron production and transport as the most significant route of absorption for nonvolatile, lipophilic chemicals. The absorption and distribution of hexachlorobenzene after intravenous vs. oral dosing are used to demonstrate features of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Roth
- Monsanto Company, Environmental Health Laboratory, St. Louis, Missouri
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Position of double bond of trans isomers of linoleic acid affects fatty acid desaturation and elongation. Nutr Rev 1992; 50:54-6. [PMID: 1570085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1992.tb02516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The position of the trans double bond of linoleic acid isomers affects the incorporation of the isomers in tissue lipids and their metabolic conversion to other metabolites. The 9 trans, 12 cis isomer of linoleic acid is a poor substrate and the 9 cis, 12 trans isomer is a good substrate for the enzyme that desaturates dienoic acids at position six.
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Beyers EC, Emken EA. Metabolites of cis,trans, and trans,cis isomers of linoleic acid in mice and incorporation into tissue lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1082:275-84. [PMID: 2029547 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90203-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of octadecadienoic acid isomers in weanling mice was studied by feeding fat-free diets supplemented with 2% by weight of cis-9,trans-12-octadecadienoic acid (c,t-18:2-d0), tetradeuterated trans-9,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid (t,c-18:2-d4) or dideuterated cis-9,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid (c,c-18:2-d2). Rates for conversion of c,t-18:2-d0 and c,c-18:2-d2 to c,t-20:4-d0 and c,c-20:4-d2 were identical and both were 5-times higher than conversion of t,c-18:2-d4 to t,c-20:4-d4. Accumulation of t,c-18:2-d4 in liver lipids was 2-4-times higher than for c,t-18:2-d0 or c,c-18:2-d2. The t,c-18:2 diet significantly increased with the 20:3(n-9) and total lipid concentrations in liver but not in heart, plasma or brain. The 20:3(n-9)/20:4(n-6) ratio in the liver lipids was 2-4-times higher for t,c-18:2-d4 than c,c-18:2-d2 fed mice. The position of the trans bond had a marked influence on the distribution of the various intermediate desaturation and elongation products. Intermediate metabolite data for the liver lipids indicated t,c-18:2-d4 was preferentially converted to 5c,11c,14t-20:3 ('dead end' product) rather than to t,c-20:4. Concentration of the 18:3(n-6) metabolite of c,t-18:2-d0 was about 10-times greater than the 18:3(n-6) metabolite of c,c-18:2-d2. Conversely, the concentration of the normal 20:3(n-6) metabolite from c,c-18:2-d2 was 4-times higher than the 20:3(n-6) metabolite of c,t-18:2-d0. Compared to the c,c-18:2 diet, the t,c- and c,t-18:2 diets significantly increased the total n-3, but not the total n-6 fatty acid content of heart lipids. These results illustrate that the position of the trans double-bond influences a variety of enzyme activities and the isomers differ in their physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Beyers
- Northern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604
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12
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Zevenbergen JL, Houtsmuller UM. Effect of dietary fats on linoleic acid metabolism. A radiolabel study in rats. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 1002:312-23. [PMID: 2713382 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(89)90345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Effects on the linoleic acid metabolism in vivo of three dietary fats, rich in either oleic acid, trans fatty acids or alpha-linolenic acid, and all with the same linoleic acid content, were investigated in male Wistar rats. After 6 weeks of feeding, the rats were intubated with [1-14C]linoleic acid and [3H]oleic acid. The incorporation of these radiolabels into liver, heart and serum was investigated 2, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after intubation. The amount of 14C-labelled arachidonic acid incorporated into the liver phospholipid of the group fed the oleic acid-rich diet was significantly higher than that of the other groups. However, compared to the trans fatty acids-containing diet, the oleic acid-rich diet induced only a slightly higher arachidonic acid level in the phospholipid fraction of the tissues as determined by GLC. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid more than halved the arachidonic acid levels. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the delta 6-desaturase system actually determines the polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in tissue lipids by regulating the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid) synthesized. The biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids only is not sufficient to explain the complicated changes in fatty acid compositions as observed after feeding different dietary fats.
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Opstvedt J, Pettersen J, Mork SJ. Trans fatty acids. 1. Growth, fertility, organ weights and nerve histology and conduction velocity in sows and offspring. Lipids 1988; 23:713-9. [PMID: 3419285 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dietary trans fatty acids on the pre- and postnatal growth and development in pigs were studied with special emphasis on nervous tissue. In experiment 1, female pigs were fed partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO) (28% trans) or soybean oil (PHSBO) (36% trans), in comparison with lard (0% trans) from weaning (3 wk) through the first reproduction cycle (up to 2 yr). In experiment 2, female pigs were fed two fish oils (33 and 19% trans) in comparison with coconut oil (0% trans) in diets with low and high levels of linoleic acid (18:2n-6 cis, cis) from gestation until their offspring were three wk old. Compared with the trans-free fats, the trans-containing fats had no effect on growth and development, feed consumption and utilization or on the weight of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs or spleen in the adult sows and their offspring. No effects from the experimental fats were found on histology and conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve. An increased number of the sows fed PHFO had fertility problems compared with those fed lard and PHSBO in Expt. 1, but no similar effects were seen in Expt. 2. It is concluded that consumption of trans fatty acids with 18-22 carbon atoms from PHFO and with 18 carbon atoms from PHSBO at levels that were 5 to 12 times higher than those normally consumed by humans had no detrimental effects on female pigs or their offspring during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Opstvedt
- Norwegian Herring Oil and Meal Research Institute, Bergen
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Hoch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109
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Ide T, Sugano M. Strain dependence of the metabolism of cis- and trans-isomers of 9-octadecenoic acid in perfused liver and cell-free preparation in rats. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 877:104-11. [PMID: 3718993 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(86)90124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic metabolism of cis- and trans-9-octadecenoic acid was compared in various strains of rats and under different nutritional states. In Wistar rats triacylglycerol secretion was consistently higher in livers perfused with the cis isomer than with the trans isomer, while the difference was considerably attenuated in Sprague-Dawley rats. The difference in the hepatic triacylglycerol secretion disappeared when rats were fasted for 2 days. The rate of oxidation of trans fatty acid to ketone bodies was remarkably much higher than the cis isomer in Wistar but not in Sprague-Dawley rats. After fasting, the difference in the ketone body production disappeared in Wistar rats, whereas the oxidation rate was rather lower in the trans isomer than in the cis isomer in Sprague-Dawley rats. In isolated mitochondria, ketogenesis from trans-9-octadecenoic acid was markedly lower than that from the cis counterpart, irrespective of the nutritional states or strains of rats, and correlated well with the substrate specificity of carnitine acyltransferase. The molar concentration of malonyl-CoA to cause 50% inhibition of ketogenesis, the rate of peroxisomal beta-oxidation and the activity of acyl-CoA oxidase were all comparable, irrespective of the substrate sources. The Km value for acyl-CoA oxidase to the trans-acyl-CoA was 2-times higher than that of the cis counterpart in both strains of rats. Thus, peroxisomal as well as mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation systems apparently discriminated between the geometrical differences of the fatty acid substrate.
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Oxidation and esterification of cis- and trans-isomers of octadecenoic and octadecadienoic acids in isolated rat liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(84)90157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Beare-Rogers JL. Trans- and postional isomers of common fatty acids. ADVANCES IN NUTRITIONAL RESEARCH 1983; 5:171-200. [PMID: 6342341 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9937-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Huang WY, Kummerow FA. Incorporation of fatty acids into swine liver microsomes. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE 1982; 28:70-6. [PMID: 7150273 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(82)90056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kurata N, Privett OS. Effects of dietary trans acids on the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid in rat liver microsomes. Lipids 1980; 15:1029-36. [PMID: 7219072 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dietary trans acids on the interconversion of linoleic acid was studied using the liver microsomal fraction of rats fed a semipurified diet containing fat supplements of safflower oil (SAFF), hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) at 5 and 20 at and 20% levels or a 5% level of a supplement containing 50.3% linolelaidic and 24.3% elaidic acids devoid of cis,cis-linoleic acid (TRANS). Growth rate was suppressed to greater extent with the animals fed the 20% than the 5% level of the HCO-supplemented diets and still further by the TRANS diet compared to the groups fed the SAFF diets. Food intake was greater in the groups fed the HCO than the SAFF-supplemented diets, demonstrating the marked effect of an essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency on feed efficiency. In contrast to an EFA deficiency produced by the HCO supplement, which stimulated the in vitro liver microsomal biosynthesis of arachidonic acid, diets containing the TRANS supplement exacerabated the EFA deficiency and depressed 6-desaturase activity of the liver microsomal fraction. The liver microsomal fraction of the animals receiving this supplement also was more sensitive to fatty acid inhibition of the desaturation of linoleic acid than those obtained from animals fed either the SAFF or HCO diets. It is suggested that dietary trans acids alter the physical properties of the 6-desaturase enzyme system, suppressing its activity, which increases the saturation of the tissue lipids and, in turn, the requirement for EFA or polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Mohamed HF, Andreone TL, Dryer RL. Mitochondrial metabolism of (D,L)-threo-9, 10-dibromo plamitic acid. Lipids 1980; 15:255-62. [PMID: 7374379 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bromination of palmitoleic or palmitelaidic acid proceeds by trans addition and yields dibrominated products which cannot undergo beta-oxidation when incubated with mitochondria isolated from hamster brown adipose tissue. These mitochondria were selected because they have a high capacity for oxidation of C16 fatty acids and because they are readily uncoupled by an excess of free fatty acids of this chain length. The only metabolites which could be recovered from the incubation mixtures were dibromopalmitoylcarnitine and dibromopalmitoyl CoA. Free fatty acid was also recovered. Addition of synthetic carnitine or CoA esters of brominated fatty acids did not interfere with subsequent oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine. Addition of the free brominated fatty acids did not significantly increase the rate of oxidation of subsequent additions of palmitoylcarnitine, as did other known synthetic uncouplers. These results are consistent with observations by others that feeding brominated oils leads to brominated fatty acid incorporation into tissue lipids, and indicate why this is so. They also provide a possible explanation for the hepatic damage noted in feeding experiments.
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Hwang DH, Kinsella JE. The effects of trans trans methyl linoleate on the concentration of prostaglandins and their precursors in rat. PROSTAGLANDINS 1979; 17:543-59. [PMID: 461819 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(79)90006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Four groups of weanling male rats were fed a diet containing hydrogenated coconut oil (Treatment A); 9-trans, 12-trans linoleate (trans linoleate, (Treatment B); an equal mixture of 9-cis, 12-cis linoleate (cis linoleate) and trans linoleate (Treatment C); and cis linoleate (Treatment D); respectively for 12 weeks. The level of dietary fat was 11% of calories. Only trace amount of eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3w6) was detected in tissues, (liver, platelets) of rats in Treatments A and B. The level of C20:3w6 in platelet lipids of Treatments C and D was 0.1 and 0.33% respectively. The level of arachidonic acid in rats on Treatments A, B, C and D was 2.0, 1.4, 14.1 and 17.6% for platelet lipids, respectively. The serum levels of prostaglandin PGE1 for Treatments A, B, C and D were 1.10 +/- 0.24, 0.22 +/- 0.02, 3.51 +/- 0.58 and 5.69 +/- 0.59 ng/ml, respectively and 2.19 +/- 0.85, 0.15 +/- 0.03, 11.64 +/- 2.63 and 24.89 +/- 4.35 ng/ml for PGE2, respectively. Thus feeding trans linoleate to rats apparently caused decreased biosynthesis of PGs resulting from decreased levels of precursor acids. This was apparently due to the inhibition of conversion of cis linoleate to longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results indicate that the availability of precursor acids is one limiting factor in PG biosynthesis in rats, and small differences in the level of precursor acids, affected by dietary trans fatty acids may cause large variations in amounts of PGs synthesized.
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Karney RI, Dhopeshwarkar GA. Metabolism of all trans 9,12-[1-14C]octadecadienoic acid in the developing brain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 531:9-15. [PMID: 708752 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(78)90176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Takatori T, Phillips FC, Shimasaki H, Privett OS. Effects of dietary saturated and trans fatty acids on tissue lipid composition and serum LCAT activity in the rat. Lipids 1976; 11:272-80. [PMID: 1263771 DOI: 10.1007/bf02544053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Groups of rats were fed from weaning with diets containing 5% by wt of hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO), safflower oil, or a concentrate of ethyl elaidate and linolelaidate (TRANS) as the sole source of dietary fat. Fatty acid composition of the lipid classes from serum, liver, heart, and kidney was determined, and the serum lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activities were assayed for each animal. Serum LCAT activity was increased by both the HCO and TRANS diets in the early stages of the development of an essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency but was suppressed in the animals of the TRANS group as they became older. The HCO and TRANS groups exhibited changes in tissue lipid fatty acid composition, as well as reduced growth, characteristic of an EFA deficiency. Coversion of oleic acid to eicosatrienoic acid was impaired in the animals fed the TRANS diet, greatly increasing the octadecenoic acid content of the tissue lipids at the expense of eicosatrienoic acid. The TRANS diet also suppressed incorporation of eicosatrienoic acid into cholesteryl esters of tissue and serum, indicating that, when fed as the sole source of unsaturated fat, trans fatty acids influenced the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol.
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van der Horst DJ, Oudejans RC. Fate of dietary linoleic and linolenic acids in the land snail Cepaea nemoralis (L.). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 55:167-70. [PMID: 963972 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(76)90224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Activation of long chain fatty acids by subcellular fractions of rat liver. I. Activation of trans-unsaturated acids. Lipids 1973; 8:111-8. [PMID: 4692877 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Nolen GA. Effects of fresh and used hydrogenated soybean oil on reproduction and teratology in rats. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02609200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Granville A. Nolen
- ; The Procter & Gamble Company; Miami Valley Laboratories; P.O. Box 39175 Cincinnati Ohio 45239
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Sinclair AJ, Collins FD. The effect of dietary essential fatty acids on the concentration of serum and liver lipids in the rat. Br J Nutr 1970; 24:971-82. [PMID: 5484734 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19700100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1. By feeding safflower-seed oil to rats deficient in the essential fatty acids it was found that major changes in the liver and serum triglycerides had occurred in 4 d although the fatty acid composition had not fully returned to normal.2. Rats which had been on a saturated-fat diet for 18 weeks were given for 4 d, a diet supplemented with safflower-seed oil, methyl linolenate or ethyl arachidonate. Linoleic and linolenic acids failed to reduce the liver triglycerides but had some effect in raising the serum triglycerides to normal. Arachidonic acid reduced liver triglycerides but had no effect on serum lipids. There were marked changes in the fatty acid composition of the phospholipids but little change in the triglycerides.3. There was good correlation between the concentrations of the phospholipids and the triglycerides in the serum. The concentration of serum phospholipids was positively correlated with the percentage of linoleic and arachidonic acids but negatively correlated with the percentage of palmitoleic, oleic and 5, 8, 11-eicosatrienoic acids.4. In a further 4 d feeding experiment in which the lipoprotein fraction of very low density from the serum was measured, it was found that safflower-seed oil led to an increase but methyl arachidonate resulted in a decrease in the concentration of the lipids.5. Extraction of the lipoprotein fraction of very low density from normal and deficient rats with n-heptane at – 18° indicated that phosphatidyl cholines containing stearic acid and either arachidonic or 5, 8, 1 1-eicosatrienoic acid were the most firmly bound.6. It was concluded that linoleic acid and arachidonic acid had different and specific roles in lipid metabolism.
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Beare-Rogers JL. The deposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the rat fed partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1970; 47:487-9. [PMID: 5498837 DOI: 10.1007/bf02639233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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King WR, Michael WR, Coots RH. Metabolism of stearoyl propylene glycol hydrogen succinate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1970; 17:519-28. [PMID: 5528557 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(70)90209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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33
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Beare-Rogers JL. Review-Assay and Metabolism of Altered Fatty Acids in Partially Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-3860(70)74248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Sgoutas DS. Hydrolysis of synthetic cholesterol esters containing trans fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 164:317-26. [PMID: 5721029 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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35
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Anderson RL. Oxidation of the geometric isomers of delta 9,12-octadecadienoic acid by rat liver mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 152:531-8. [PMID: 5656821 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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36
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Anderson RL, Coots RH. The catabolism of the geometric isomers of uniformly 14C-labeled delta 9-octadecenoic acid and uniformly 14C-labeled delta 9,12-octadecadienoic acid by the fasting rat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1967; 144:525-31. [PMID: 5624810 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(67)90041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Anderson RL. Oxidation of the geometric isomers of delta 9-octadecenoic acid by rat-liver mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1967; 144:18-24. [PMID: 6055221 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(67)90073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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38
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Hyun SA, Vahouny V, Treadwell CR. Portal absorption of fatty acids in lymph- and portal vein-cannulated rats. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1967; 137:296-305. [PMID: 6051563 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(67)90105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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39
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Struijk CB, Beerthuis RK. The enzymic conversion of 3cis- and 3ans-alkenoyl-CoA esters into their 2trans-isomers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1966; 116:12-22. [PMID: 5949609 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(66)90088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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40
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Large-scale separation of fatty acid methyl esters by column chromatography on acid-washed FlorisiI impregnated with silver nitrate. J Lipid Res 1965. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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41
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Tidwell HC, McPherson JC, Gifford P. Effect of ingestion of isomeric fatty acids on cholesterol and lipids of serum and liver. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1965; 42:843-5. [PMID: 5828230 DOI: 10.1007/bf02541173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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43
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Selinger Z, Holman RT. The effects of trans, trans-linoleate upon the metabolism of linoleate and linolenate and the positional distribution of linoleate isomers in liver lecithin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1965; 106:56-62. [PMID: 5848276 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(65)90095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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HANSEN IA. SELECTIVE INCORPORATION OF FATTY ACIDS INTO LIPIDS OF LAMB AND RAT INTESTINAL MUCOSA. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1965; 15:27-31. [PMID: 14348000 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(65)90238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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Davidoff F, Korn ED. The Reactions of trans-α,β-Hexadecenoyl Coenzyme A and cis- and trans-β,γ-Hexadecenoyl Coenzyme A Catalyzed by Enzymes from Guinea Pig Liver Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1965. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)97470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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