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Breiner CE, Miller ML, Sanzari CM, Perry TR, Hormes JM. Peer Ethnicity as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Ethnic Identity and Body Appreciation in Black College-Aged Women. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 49:814-834. [PMID: 38500608 PMCID: PMC10948201 DOI: 10.1177/00957984231192285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Strong ethnic identity is recognized as a protective factor against body image concern and eating pathology in Black women as they tend to hold cultural values in line with an acceptance of a variety of body shapes and sizes. Reinforcement of these cultural ideals may occur via same-race peer relationships. The current study examined the mediating role of same-race versus other-race peers in the relationship between ethnic identity and body appreciation in Black women. Participants were 139 Black undergraduate women (Mage = 18.94 years, MBMI = 25.33) who completed validated measures of ethnic identity and body appreciation and reported on the ethnic makeup of their friends. We conducted mediation analysis examining the role of same-race peers on the relationship between ethnic identity and body appreciation. Same-race peers mediated the relationship between ethnic identity and body appreciation, where having a greater percentage of friends increased both ethnic identity and body appreciation in Black women. The influence of same-race peers should be considered in the development of culturally informed prevention and intervention efforts for eating pathology in Black women.
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Vijayakumar N, Whittle S. A systematic review into the role of pubertal timing and the social environment in adolescent mental health problems. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 102:102282. [PMID: 37094393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Vijayakumar
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
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Ladd BA, Maheux AJ, Roberts SR, Choukas-Bradley S. Black adolescents' appearance concerns, depressive symptoms, and self-objectification: Exploring the roles of gender and ethnic-racial identity commitment. Body Image 2022; 43:314-325. [PMID: 36242995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is a dearth of research examining Black adolescents' body image, with even less work examining gender differences or the influence of ethnic-racial identity (ERI) commitment. It is critical to understand how culturally relevant aspects of appearance-beyond commonly measured ideals such as thinness and muscularity-are particularly relevant to Black adolescents. The present study of Black youth (n = 252; 55% girls, 45% boys, ages 13-18, Mage = 15.5) explored the roles of gender and ERI commitment in the associations between skin tone, hair, and facial satisfaction and appearance esteem, depressive symptomatology, and self-objectification. With a few exceptions, satisfaction with skin tone, hair, and face were significantly associated with higher appearance esteem and lower self-objectification and depressive symptoms, even when controlling for weight and muscle tone satisfaction. Findings were similar across genders, with some associations stronger among Black girls relative to boys. Among youth with higher ERI commitment, associations were stronger between skin tone, hair, and facial satisfaction and some indicators of wellbeing. Findings elucidate the role of culturally relevant appearance concerns of Black adolescents and the potential benefits of ERI commitment. This work can inform culturally sensitive research practices and therapeutic interventions related to Black youth's body image experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna A Ladd
- University of Maryland, Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, 3119 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD 20742, the United States of America.
| | - Anne J Maheux
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, the United States of America
| | - Savannah R Roberts
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, the United States of America
| | - Sophia Choukas-Bradley
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, the United States of America
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Young H, Kotera Y. Menopause and body image: the protective effect of self-compassion and mediating role of mental distress. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2021.2009770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Young
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Yasuhiro Kotera
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Ahuvia I, Jans L, Schleider J. Secondary effects of body dissatisfaction interventions on adolescent depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:231-246. [PMID: 34951477 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is a leading cause of disability among adolescents, yet existing treatments are variably effective, suggesting needs to identify novel intervention targets. Body dissatisfaction (BD) may be a promising, but understudied, target: BD is common among adolescents; prospectively associated with future depression; and modifiable through intervention. BD interventions are typically evaluated in terms of impacts on eating disorders, but many trials also measure depression-related secondary outcomes. However, BD intervention effects on depression have not been systematically examined. We, therefore, conducted a meta-analysis to estimate secondary effects of BD interventions on depression symptoms and related outcomes in adolescents (ages 12-19). METHOD Our systematic review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2006 and December 2020. Across-group effect sizes were analyzed using robust variance estimation. Preregistered methods, data, and analytic code are available at https://osf.io/734n8/. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 13 RCTs, 50 effect sizes, and 6,962 participants. BD interventions led to significant postintervention reductions in depression-related outcomes versus control conditions (g = -0.19 at postintervention, 95% confidence interval: -0.07, -0.31, p = .005). No evidence emerged for moderators of this meta-analytic effect. DISCUSSION Overall, BD-focused interventions significantly reduced adolescent depression, with mean postintervention effect sizes comparable to those observed for interventions targeting depression explicitly. Results are bolstered by preregistered methods and robustness checks. Limitations include a lack of data on participants' sexual and gender identities and a significant risk of bias in the underlying literature. Future research on BD interventions should measure depression symptom severity as a secondary outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ahuvia
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Laura Jans
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Choukas-Bradley S, Maheux AJ, Roberts SR, Hutchinson EA, Lu C, Ladouceur CD, Silk JS. Picture Perfect During a Pandemic? Body Image Concerns and Depressive Symptoms in U.S. Adolescent Girls During the COVID-19 Lockdown. JOURNAL OF CHILDREN AND MEDIA 2022; 16:481-492. [PMID: 36582543 PMCID: PMC9793862 DOI: 10.1080/17482798.2022.2039255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The stay-at-home orders of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted U.S. adolescents' lives in numerous ways during the spring of 2020, including substantial changes to in-person routines and increased reliance on digital media. For adolescent girls, stay-at-home practices may have implications for body image concerns. In this research brief, we examine adolescent girls' pandemic-related body image concerns and longitudinal associations with depressive symptoms. The sample included 93 U.S. adolescent girls (M age = 15.01; 68.8% White), with approximately 2/3 at temperamental risk for depression. Participants self-reported their depressive symptoms and pandemic-related body image concerns via online surveys at three assessments: Time 1 occurred in April/May 2020, approximately one month into stay-at-home orders, followed by two-week and seven-month follow-up assessments. Two pandemic-related body image concerns were assessed: (1) concerns about disrupted appearance-management routines and (2) evaluating one's appearance on video-chat. Both forms of pandemic-related body image concerns predicted depressive symptoms two weeks later, and concerns about disrupted routines also predicted depressive symptoms seven months later. In an era of social distancing, frequent technology-based interactions, and disrupted routines, future work should continue to investigate adolescents' body image concerns and the implications for longer-term mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne J. Maheux
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
| | | | | | - Celine Lu
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Cecile D. Ladouceur
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Jennifer S. Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
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Turk F, Kellett S, Waller G. Determining the potential link of self-compassion with eating pathology and body image among women: a longitudinal mediational study. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2683-2691. [PMID: 33604880 PMCID: PMC8602156 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This longitudinal study aims to determine what factors mediate the previously established link between self-compassion and eating pathology/body image concerns, over a 6-month period. METHODS A community sample of 274 adult women (M = 29.50 years) completed standardised validated measures of self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale), rumination (Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire), shame (Other as Shamer Scale), perfectionism (Short Form of the Revised Almost Perfect Scale), self-criticism (Levels of Self-Criticism Scale), eating pathology (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire) and body image (Body Shape Questionnaire). They reported levels of: self-compassion at Time 1, potential mediators (rumination, shame, self-criticism, perfectionism) at 3 months; and eating pathology and body dissatisfaction a further 3 months later. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation. Stepwise multiple regression showed that shame was the most consistent mediator. RESULTS Shame acted as a full mediator of the self-compassion-eating/body image relationship {respectively, [B = .04, SE = .01, t(268) = 3.93, p < .001], [B = .33, SE = .15, t(268) = 2.25, p < .05]}. Discrepancy perfectionism also played a mediating role in the link between self-compassion and body image dissatisfaction [B = .59, SE = .28, t(268) = 2.10, p < .05]. CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis that self-compassion is relevant to eating pathology and body image disturbance, and demonstrate that shame is an important mechanism in that relationship. This pattern suggests that interventions that reduce shame should be considered when addressing issues relating to self-compassion and its links to eating disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, multiple time series without intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidan Turk
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK.
| | - Stephen Kellett
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
| | - Glenn Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield, S1 2LT, UK
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Kim KM, Kim H, Kim D, Kim JW. The analysis of network structure among the depressive symptoms in a clinical sample of children and adolescents. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 62:102748. [PMID: 34243062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The symptoms of depressive disorder in children and adolescents vary widely and have complex interconnections with each other. This study aimed to identify the network structures among individual depressive symptoms in clinically referred children and adolescents. A total of 464 children and adolescents who visited the outpatient psychiatry clinic in South Korea were enrolled. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to assess depressive symptoms. To construct the network structure and estimate the centrality indices among individual symptoms, the Gaussian graphical model was utilized with the tuning parameter to minimize the extended Bayesian information criterion. Among all symptoms, self-hatred had the highest strength centrality, followed by crying and self-deprecation. Among 191 valid edges constituting the CDI symptom network, sadness-crying, school work difficulty-school performance decrement, disobedience-fights, misbehavior-low self-esteem, self-deprecation-self-blame, school dislike-lack of friendship, self-hatred-negative body image, anhedonia-social withdrawal, self-hatred-suicidal ideation, crying-irritability, and sadness-loneliness showed significantly higher weights than the other edges. The present study identified the network structure among depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Future studies including more symptoms of depression are warranted to provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of child and adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Haebin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Girls' Pubertal Timing and Tempo and Mental Health: A Longitudinal Examination in an Ethnically Diverse Sample. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:1197-1203. [PMID: 33637403 PMCID: PMC8154636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Earlier timing and faster tempo of puberty have been linked to adolescents' poor mental health. Previous research rarely adjusted for childhood mental health, did not use physical examination to assess puberty, and excluded Latinas and Asian Americans. This study addressed these limitations. METHODS We followed 822 girls, recruited at ages 6-8, for 8 years. Breast and pubic hair development and anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed prospectively and repeatedly. Structural equation models tested whether pubertal timing and tempo were associated with adolescent mental health symptoms and whether associations varied by ethnicity. Models were adjusted for childhood mental health symptoms, body mass index, and family income. RESULTS Earlier breast development was associated with higher depressive symptoms among whites (β = -.19; p < .01) and higher anxiety symptoms among Latinas (β = -.26; p < .05), but lower depressive symptoms among Asians (β = .24, p < .05). Later pubic hair development (b = .24; p < .05) and faster pubic hair tempo (β = .26; p < .01) were associated with higher anxiety symptoms among Latinas. Faster pubic hair tempo was associated with lower depressive symptoms among Asians (β = -.34; p < .05). Tempo of breast development showed no associations. CONCLUSIONS Findings confirmed that earlier breast development was associated with higher mental health symptoms for Latina and white girls but was protective among Asians. Results for pubic hair and pubertal tempo were inconsistent, requiring future examination. While targeted interventions to prevent mental health problems among early-maturing girls are critical, there is variability among who might benefit most.
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10
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Wang Y, Lynne SD, Witherspoon D, Black MM. Longitudinal bidirectional relations between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms among Black adolescents: A cross-lagged panel analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228585. [PMID: 31999799 PMCID: PMC6992219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the variation in body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms by weight status and the bi-directional relations between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms by weight status among Black adolescents. Methods A sample of 153 Black adolescents aged 12–13 years, either overweight/obese (n = 57, 37%) or healthy weight (n = 96, 63%), were recruited and evaluated three times over two years (T1, T2 and T3). Measured weight and height were converted to age and sex-specific BMI z-score; body dissatisfaction was measured with silhouettes, and depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I). Bidirectional relations were assessed with cross-lagged panel analyses, accounting for stability over time and contemporary correlations. Results Body dissatisfaction was higher among the overweight/obese group than the healthy weight group. No significant differences were found for depressive symptoms by weight status. Among the overweight/obese group, there were bidirectional relations: antecedent body dissatisfaction predicted subsequent depressive symptoms (T1-T2: β = 0.42, SE = 0.11, p<0.001; T2-T3: β = 0.36, SE = 0.09, p<0.001) and antecedent depressive symptoms predicted subsequent body dissatisfaction (T1-T2: β = 0.25, SE = 0.10, p = 0.012; T2-T3: β = 0.17, SE = 0.08, p = 0.045). Among the healthy weight group, there was no relation in either direction. Conclusions Elevated body dissatisfaction among the overweight/obese group supports weight-based stigma as a stressor among Black adolescents. The bidirectional relations between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms among the overweight/obese group support the internalization of thinness idea and negative self-appraisal associated with depressive symptoms. Prevention of both body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms may be mutually beneficial among Black adolescents with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah D. Lynne
- Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dawn Witherspoon
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maureen M. Black
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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11
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Nyamaruze P, Govender K. "I like the way I am, but I feel like I could get a little bit bigger": Perceptions of body image among adolescents and youth living with HIV in Durban, South Africa. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227583. [PMID: 31923249 PMCID: PMC6953798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Body image concerns are common among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Research into how young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) experience and make sense of feared or actual body changes is limited, yet these changes have emotional, psychological and interpersonal implications for young people who associate physical attractiveness with social desirability. The current study examined the subjective perceptions of body appearance and coping mechanisms among a sample of YPLHIV in Durban, South Africa. An interpretive qualitative inquiry was adopted to understand their lived experiences in relation to their body image and body satisfaction. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 YPLHIV (15–24 years). Findings indicate physical and psychosocial effects of living with HIV among young people including weight loss, skin sores, body dissatisfaction, loss of self-esteem and social withdrawal. The study builds on previous research suggesting that PLHIV may experience a discrepancy between their actual self and ideal self. Enhancing existing coping mechanisms such as religious beliefs, support networks and physical exercises among YPLHIV can counter the physical and psychosocial effects of living with HIV and improve well-being. Body image concerns should be acknowledged when addressing HIV-related health in both health and family settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nyamaruze
- The Discipline of Psychology, School of Applied Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaymarlin Govender
- Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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12
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Miniati M, Calugi S, Savino M, Mauri M. The Anorexia-Bulimia Spectrum: an Integrated Approach to Eating and Feeding Disorders. IJEDO 2019:48-56. [DOI: 10.32044/ijedo.2019.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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13
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Jacobson JH, Pullmann MD, Parker EM, Kerns SEU. Measurement Based Care in Child Welfare-Involved Children and Youth: Reliability and Validity of the PSC-17. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:332-345. [PMID: 30264230 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates whether the psychometric properties of the Pediatric Symptoms Checklist-17 (PSC-17), a common behavioral health measure typically used as a dichotomous screening tool for mental health needs, support its use as a continuous measure for tracking behavioral health over time. A total of 6492 foster parents of children and youth aged 5.5-17 completed the PSC-17. Convergent and discriminant validity was assessed by comparing raw PSC-17 subscale scores with associated outcomes (e.g. psychiatric diagnoses). Long-term test-retest reliability was assessed over 6 months. Scores on the PSC-17 demonstrated good convergent and divergent validity. PSC-17 subscale scores were most strongly associated with analogous diagnoses. Test-retest reliability was moderate, as expected for a time window of this length. This study provides moderate support for the psychometric qualities of the PSC-17 when used with children and youth in the child welfare system as a continuous measure of psychosocial functioning over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedediah H Jacobson
- Division of Public Behavioral Health and Justice Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 358015, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Michael D Pullmann
- Division of Public Behavioral Health and Justice Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 358015, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Parker
- Division of Public Behavioral Health and Justice Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 358015, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Suzanne E U Kerns
- Division of Public Behavioral Health and Justice Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 358015, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,University of Denver Graduate School of Social Work, 2148 S High St, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
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14
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Rivière J, Rousseau A, Douilliez C. Effects of induced rumination on body dissatisfaction: Is there any difference between men and women? J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2018; 61:1-6. [PMID: 29803779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Rumination is a factor in the development and maintenance of body dissatisfaction. However, no study has yet investigated the impact of the type of rumination on body image. The first aim of this study was to examine whether the induction of analytic-abstract vs. concrete-experiential rumination affects body dissatisfaction following an induction of negative body image. The second objective was to examine gender differences in these effects. METHODS Following induction of negative body image, 102 university undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions-distraction, concrete rumination or abstract rumination. RESULTS As expected, there were significant main effects of gender and condition, and a significant interaction between gender and condition on change in body dissatisfaction. In women abstract rumination predicted the highest increase in body dissatisfaction, whereas concrete rumination predicted the highest increase in body dissatisfaction in men. LIMITATIONS Given that our sample consisted of undergraduate students, our findings cannot be generalized to clinical sample suffering from eating disorder. CONCLUSIONS The different types of rumination seem to impact differentially body dissatisfaction in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rivière
- Univ. Lille, EA 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Amélie Rousseau
- Univ. Lille, EA 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Douilliez
- Univ. Lille, EA 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions Temps Émotions Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France.
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15
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Peráčková J, Chovancová A, Kukurová K, Plevková L. Self-evaluation of body image in sport active and sport inactive adolescent girls. ACTA GYMNICA 2018. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Burke NL, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Crosby R, Mehari RD, Marwitz SE, Broadney MM, Shomaker LB, Kelly NR, Schvey NA, Cassidy O, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Measurement invariance of the Eating Disorder Examination in black and white children and adolescents. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:758-768. [PMID: 28370435 PMCID: PMC5505792 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) was originally developed and validated in primarily white female samples. Since data indicate that eating pathology impacts black youth, elucidating the psychometric appropriateness of the EDE for black youth is crucial. METHODS A convenience sample was assembled from seven pediatric obesity studies. The EDE was administered to all youth. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to examine the original four-factor model fit and two alternative factor structures for black and white youth. With acceptable fit, multiple-group CFAs were conducted. For measurement invariant structures, the interactive effects of race with sex, BMIz, adiposity, and age were explored (all significance levels p < .05). RESULTS For both black and white youth (N = 820; 41% black; 37% male; 6-18 years; BMIz -3.11 to 3.40), the original four-factor EDE structure and alternative eight-item one-factor structure had mixed fit via CFA. However, a seven-item, three-factor structure reflecting Dietary Restraint, Shape/Weight Overvaluation, and Body Dissatisfaction had good fit and held at the level of strict invariance. Girls reported higher factor scores than boys. BMIz and adiposity were positively associated with each subscale. Age was associated with Dietary Restraint and Body Dissatisfaction. The interactional effects between sex, BMIz, and age with race were not significant; however, the interaction between adiposity and race was significant. At higher adiposity, white youth reported greater pathology than black youth. CONCLUSION An abbreviated seven-item, three-factor version of the EDE captures eating pathology equivalently across black and white youth. Full psychometric testing of the modified EDE factor structure in black youth is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L. Burke
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ross Crosby
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1919 Elm Street North, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 120 South 8th St., Box 1415, Fargo, ND 58107, USA
| | - Rim D. Mehari
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shannon E. Marwitz
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Miranda M. Broadney
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren B. Shomaker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, 303 Behavioral Sciences Building, Campus Delivery 1570, 410 Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Nichole R. Kelly
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, College of Education, University of Oregon, 1215 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1215
| | - Natasha A. Schvey
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Omni Cassidy
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan Z. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, DHHS, 6707 Democracy Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jack A. Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Keith VM, Nguyen AW, Taylor RJ, Mouzon DM, Chatters LM. Microaggressions, Discrimination, and Phenotype among African Americans: A Latent Class Analysis of the Impact of Skin Tone and BMI. SOCIOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2017; 87:233-255. [PMID: 28603300 PMCID: PMC5464745 DOI: 10.1111/soin.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Data from the 2001-2003National Survey of American Life are used to investigate the effects of phenotype on everyday experiences with discrimination among African Americans (N=3343). Latent class analysis is used to identify four classes of discriminatory treatment: 1) low levels of discrimination, 2) disrespect and condescension, 3) character-based discrimination, and 4) high levels of discrimination. We then employ latent class multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the association between skin tone and body weight and these four classes of discrimination. Designating the low level discrimination class as the reference group, findings revealed that respondents with darker skin were more likely to be classified into the disrespect/condescension and the high level microaggression types. BMI was unrelated to the discrimination type, although there was a significant interaction effect between gender and BMI. BMI was strongly and positively associated with membership in the disrespect and condescension type among men but not among women. These findings indicate that skin tone and body weight are two phenotypic characteristics that influence the type and frequency of discrimination experienced by African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verna M Keith
- Department of Sociology, Race and Ethnic Studies Institute, 4351 TAMU, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-4351,
| | - Ann W Nguyen
- Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90015,
| | - Robert Joseph Taylor
- School of Social Work, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,
| | - Dawne M Mouzon
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901,
| | - Linda M Chatters
- School of Public Health, School of Social Work, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan Ann, Arbor MI 48109,
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18
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Lee EJ. Body Weight Perception, Mental Health, and Weight Control Behavior in Normal Weight Adolescents: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2017.23.2.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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Alloy LB, Hamilton JL, Hamlat EJ, Abramson LY. Pubertal Development, Emotion Regulatory Styles, and the Emergence of Sex Differences in Internalizing Disorders and Symptoms in Adolescence. Clin Psychol Sci 2016; 4:867-881. [PMID: 27747141 DOI: 10.1177/2167702616643008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence marks the emergence of sex differences in internalizing symptoms and disorders, with girls at increased risk for depression and anxiety during the pubertal transition. However, the mechanisms through which puberty confers risk for internalizing psychopathology for girls, but not boys, remain unclear. We examined two pubertal indicators (pubertal status and timing) as predictors of the development of emotion regulation styles (rumination and emotional clarity) and depressive and anxiety symptoms and disorders in a three-wave study of 314 adolescents. Path analyses indicated that early pubertal timing, but not pubertal status, predicted increased rumination, but not decreased emotional clarity, in adolescent girls, but not boys. Additionally, rumination mediated the association between early pubertal timing and increased depressive, but not anxiety, symptoms and disorder onset among adolescent girls. These findings suggest that the sex difference in depression may result partly from early maturing girls' greater tendency to develop ruminative styles than boys.
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20
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Feragen KB, Stock NM, Sharratt ND, Kvalem IL. Self-perceptions of romantic appeal in adolescents with a cleft lip and/or palate. Body Image 2016; 18:143-52. [PMID: 27459395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During adolescence, romantic relationships are a key developmental milestone. Coupled with the increasing salience of appearance and social acceptance, adolescents with an appearance-altering condition may feel particularly vulnerable when it comes to romantic relationships. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of romantic experiences among adolescents with a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), and to investigate how these experiences could be related to depressive symptoms and global self-worth. The study included 661 Norwegian adolescents with CL/P, who were compared to a large national sample. The prevalence of romantic relationships was lower among adolescents with CL/P compared to the reference group, although the overall impact on depressive symptoms and global self-worth appeared to be low. This study is one of few to explore the impact of a congenital visible condition on experiences of romantic relationships and provides preliminary insight into a significant, yet complex topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Billaud Feragen
- Statped sørøst, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nicola Marie Stock
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
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21
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Himelein MJ, Thatcher SS. Depression and Body Image among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Health Psychol 2016; 11:613-25. [PMID: 16769740 DOI: 10.1177/1359105306065021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction and obesity, can be highly distressing. We compared 40 women with PCOS to women with infertility but not PCOS, and to women with neither PCOS nor infertility, on measures of depression and body image. Women with PCOS reported higher depression scores and greater body dissatisfaction ( p < .001) than comparison group women. Body image was strongly associated with depression overall, even after controlling body mass. Among women with PCOS, body dissatisfaction measures and education explained 66 percent of the variance in depression, suggesting explanations of the PCOS–depression link should consider the role of potentially mediating psychosocial variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Himelein
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Asheville, 28804, USA.
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22
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Hamlat EJ, Shapero BG, Hamilton JL, Stange JP, Abramson LY, Alloy LB. Pubertal Timing, Peer Victimization, and Body Esteem Differentially Predict Depressive Symptoms in African American and Caucasian Girls. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2015; 35:378-402. [PMID: 26146433 PMCID: PMC4486298 DOI: 10.1177/0272431614534071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study prospectively examined pubertal timing and peer victimization as interactive predictors of depressive symptoms in a racially diverse community sample of adolescents. We also expanded on past research by assessing body esteem as a mechanism by which pubertal timing and peer victimization confer risk for depression. In all, 218 adolescents (53.4% female, 49.3% African American, 50.7% Caucasian) completed both a baseline assessment and a follow-up assessment approximately 8 months later. Early maturing Caucasian girls and late maturing African American girls experienced the greatest increases in depressive symptoms at follow-up if they experienced higher levels of peer victimization between baseline and follow-up. Furthermore, body esteem significantly mediated the relationship between pubertal timing, peer victimization, and depressive symptoms for girls of both races. The interaction of pubertal timing and peer victimization did not predict depressive symptoms for boys of either race. These results support body esteem as a mechanism that contributes to increased depression among girls in adolescence-despite a differential impact of pubertal timing for Caucasian and African American girls.
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Umaña-Taylor AJ, Quintana SM, Lee RM, Cross WE, Rivas-Drake D, Schwartz SJ, Syed M, Yip T, Seaton E. Ethnic and racial identity during adolescence and into young adulthood: an integrated conceptualization. Child Dev 2015; 85:21-39. [PMID: 24490890 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although ethnic and racial identity (ERI) are central to the normative development of youth of color, there have been few efforts to bring scholars together to discuss the theoretical complexities of these constructs and provide a synthesis of existing work. The Ethnic and Racial Identity in the 21st Century Study Group was assembled for this purpose. This article provides an overview of the interface of ERI with developmental and contextual issues across development, with an emphasis on adolescence and young adulthood. It proposes a metaconstruct to capture experiences that reflect both individuals' ethnic background and their racialized experiences in a specific sociohistorical context. Finally, it presents milestones in the development of ERI across developmental periods.
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24
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Hamlat EJ, Stange JP, Abramson LY, Alloy LB. Early pubertal timing as a vulnerability to depression symptoms: differential effects of race and sex. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 42:527-38. [PMID: 24014162 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Robust evidence supports that girls and boys who experience early pubertal timing, maturing earlier than one's peers, are vulnerable to developing symptoms of depression. However, it has yet to be clarified whether early pubertal timing confers vulnerability to African American as well as to Caucasian adolescents and whether this vulnerability is specific to depressive symptoms or can be generalized to symptoms of social anxiety. In previous studies, one race or one sex was examined in isolation or sample sizes were too small to examine racial differences. Our longitudinal study consisted of a sample of 223 adolescents (Mage = 12.42, 54.3 % female, 50.2 % African American, and 49.8 % Caucasian). At baseline, depressive symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, and pubertal timing were assessed by self-report. Nine months later, we assessed depressive symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, body esteem, and stressful life events that occurred between baseline and follow-up. Analyses indicated that early pubertal timing interacted with stressful life events to predict increased symptoms of depression, but only for Caucasian girls and African American boys. Results were found to be specific to depressive symptoms and did not generalize to symptoms of social anxiety. Additionally, there was a significant positive indirect effect of pubertal timing on symptoms of depression through body esteem for Caucasian females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa J Hamlat
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA,
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25
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Kimber M, Couturier J, Georgiades K, Wahoush O, Jack SM. Ethnic Minority Status and Body Image Dissatisfaction: A Scoping Review of the Child and Adolescent Literature. J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 17:1567-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-014-0082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Early adolescents' psychosocial adjustment and weight status change: the moderating roles of gender, ethnicity, and acculturation. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 44:870-86. [PMID: 25107487 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
According to many public health experts, obesity is the most serious health threat facing today's early adolescents. This study examined the relationship between psychosocial adjustment (i.e., internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, interpersonal skills) and weight status change during early adolescence and possible moderating roles of gender, ethnicity, and acculturation. Data came from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), a US nationally representative sample of children who entered kindergarten during 1998-1999 and were followed through eighth grade. The current study was initiated in the fifth grade (n = 6,860; 51 % female). At fifth grade, parents reported on household routines; children and teachers reported on indicators of psychosocial adjustment. At fifth and eighth grade, children's weight was measured. Girls' weight status stability and change was more likely than boys' to be associated with psychosocial adjustment, after accounting for household/child routines and demographic variables. Compared to non-Hispanic White, Hispanic girls who exhibited higher levels of externalizing behaviors at fifth grade were more likely to become or stay obese at eighth grade. Hispanic girls who exhibited higher levels of internalizing behaviors at fifth grade were more likely to become or stay at a healthy weight at eighth grade, especially if they reported lower levels of acculturation. Lastly, African American girls with better interpersonal skills at fifth grade were more likely to stay obese at eighth grade. Implications for obesity prevention programs with early adolescents are discussed in the contexts of gender, ethnicity and acculturation.
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Witherspoon D, Latta L, Wang Y, Black MM. Do depression, self-esteem, body-esteem, and eating attitudes vary by BMI among African American adolescents? J Pediatr Psychol 2013; 38:1112-20. [PMID: 23912163 PMCID: PMC3809728 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jst055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how psychosocial factors vary by body weight and gender among African-American adolescents. METHODS A community sample of 235 low-income, predominantly African-American adolescents completed measures of depression, self-esteem, body-esteem, and eating attitudes. Measured weight and height were converted to body mass index (kg/m(2)) age and gender-adjusted z-scores. Data were analyzed using 2-factor multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS Obese youths had significantly worse scores on all psychosocial domains than normal weight youths, with no differences between overweight and normal weight youths. Obese youths had significantly worse scores than overweight youths on body-esteem and self-esteem. Female adolescents had significantly worse scores than males on depressed mood, body-esteem, and eating attitudes. CONCLUSIONS Among a community sample of predominantly African-American adolescents, obesity, not overweight, was associated with poor psychosocial health. Findings suggest that overweight may be perceived as normative, and that weight-related programs consider adolescents' psychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Witherspoon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 737 W. Lombard Street, Room 161, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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28
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Mediating Effects of Parent–Child Relationships and Body Image in the Prediction of Internalizing Symptoms in Urban Youth. J Youth Adolesc 2013; 43:554-67. [PMID: 23897565 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-013-9985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Latty C, Carolan MT, Jocks JE, Weatherspoon LJ. The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Adolescent Well-Being. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2007.10598981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Latty
- a Human Development and Family Studies , Central Michigan University , 215 Wightman, Mount Pleasant , MI , 48859
| | - Marsha T. Carolan
- b Department of Family and Child Ecology , Michigan State University , 13B Human Ecology, East Lansing , MI , 48824
| | - Jodi E. Jocks
- c Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Michigan State University
| | - Lorraine J. Weatherspoon
- d Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition , Michigan State University , 334C Trout Bldg., East Lansing , MI , 48824
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Guardia D, Carey A, Cottencin O, Thomas P, Luyat M. Disruption of spatial task performance in anorexia nervosa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54928. [PMID: 23349990 PMCID: PMC3548773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In anorexia nervosa (AN), body distortions have been associated with parietal cortex (PC) dysfunction. The PC is the anatomical substrate for a supramodal reference framework involved in spatial orientation constancy. Here, we sought to evaluate spatial orientation constancy and the perception of body orientation in AN patients. In the present study, we investigated the effect of passive lateral body inclination on the visual and tactile subjective vertical (SV) and body Z-axis in 25 AN patients and 25 healthy controls. Subjects performed visual- and tactile-spatial judgments of axis orientations in an upright position and tilted 90° clockwise or counterclockwise. We observed a significant deviation of the tactile and visual SV towards the body (an A-effect) under tilted conditions, suggesting a multisensory impairment in spatial orientation. Deviation of the Z-axis in the direction of the tilt was also observed in the AN group. The greater A-effect in AN patients may reflect reduced interoceptive awareness and thus inadequate consideration of gravitational inflow. Furthermore, marked body weight loss could decrease the somatosensory inputs required for spatial orientation. Our study results suggest that spatial references are impaired in AN. This may be due to particular integration of visual, tactile and gravitational information (e.g. vestibular and proprioceptive cues) in the PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Guardia
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, EA-4559, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille,
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Park HY, Heo J, Subramanian SV, Kawachi I, Oh J. Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent depression in South Korea: a multilevel analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47025. [PMID: 23077540 PMCID: PMC3471941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, South Korea has witnessed a sustained rise in the prevalence of adolescent depression. In the present study, we sought to investigate family and school environmental influences on adolescent depression. METHODS AND FINDINGS Middle and high school students (N = 75,066) were randomly selected respondents to a web-based survey and answered questions on their academic and socioeconomic backgrounds, parental support, parental education level, physical activities, lifestyle habits and their experience of depression in the past one year. Two-level multilevel analysis was used to investigate the relationship between depression and individual (level 1) and school (level 2) factors. Girls reported having experienced depression in greater numbers than boys (43.96% vs. 32.03%). A significant association was found between adolescent depression experience and gender, grade, self-rated academic achievement, family affluence scale, parental support, parental education level, lifestyle habits, physical activity and sleep dissatisfaction. The students living with rich parents were more likely to be depressive, and maternal higher education was significantly associated with higher probability of boys' depression experience. Low academic achievement was highly associated with the experience of depression. In school level contexts, girls were found to be less likely to be depressive in girls-only schools. CONCLUSION The adolescent depression experience is not only an individual phenomenon but is highly associated with other factors such as parents, peers, academic achievement, and even gender mix in the school. Thus, prevention measures on youth depression need to focus on emphasizing less pressure from parents on academic performance, and establishing healthy inter-gender relationships within co-education schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yin Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Heo
- Center for Health Equity Research and Policy, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - S. V. Subramanian
- Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Juhwan Oh
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Guardia D, Conversy L, Jardri R, Lafargue G, Thomas P, Dodin V, Cottencin O, Luyat M. Imagining one's own and someone else's body actions: dissociation in anorexia nervosa. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43241. [PMID: 22937025 PMCID: PMC3425562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) usually report feeling larger than they really are. This body overestimation appears to be related not only to the patient’s body image but also to an abnormal representation of the body in action. In previous work on a body-scaled anticipation task, anorexic patients judged that they could not pass through a door-like aperture even when it was easily wide enough - suggesting the involvement of the body schema. In the present study, we sought to establish whether this erroneous judgment about action is specifically observed when it concerns one’s own body or whether it is symptomatic of a general impairment in perceptual discrimination. Methods Twenty-five anorexic participants and 25 control participants were presented with a door-like aperture. They had to judge whether or not the aperture was wide enough for them to pass through (i.e. first-person perspective, 1PP) and for another person present in the testing room to pass through (i.e. third-person perspective, 3PP). Results We observed a higher passability ratio (i.e. the critical aperture size to shoulder width ratio) in AN patients for 1PP but not for 3PP. Moreover, the magnitude of the passability ratio was positively correlated not only with the extent of the patient’s body and eating concerns but also with the body weight prior to disease onset. Our results suggest that body overestimation can affect judgments about the capacity for action but only when they concern the patient’s own body. This could be related to impairments of the overall network involved in the emergence of the body schema and in one’s own perspective judgments. Conclusion Overestimation of the body schema might occur because the central nervous system has not updated the new, emaciated body, with maintenance of an incorrect representation based on the patient’s pre-AN body dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Guardia
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, EA-4559, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
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Brooten D, Youngblut JM, Golembeski S, Magnus MH, Hannan J. Perceived weight gain, risk, and nutrition in pregnancy in five racial groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 24:32-42. [PMID: 22243679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2011.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine perceived pregnancy weight gain needed, perceived risks to mother, and infant of excessive weight and underweight, perceptions of actual, ideal, realistic body size, nutritional intake in five racial/ethnic groups. DESIGN Cross-sectional Setting: Physicians' offices Participants: A total of 54 women <20 weeks gestation. METHODS Questionnaires-perceived weight gain needed, risks of weight gain for mother, infant, perceptions of body size, food frequency. RESULTS A total of 39% of women are overweight or obese (57% Caribbean Black, 50% African American). Perceived pregnancy weight gain needed highest in Central American Hispanic women, lowest Caribbean Black women. African-American women had low perceived risk for mother and infant of gaining too much pregnancy weight, highest perceived risk for both of gaining too little. Caribbean Black women perceived highest risk to mother of gaining too much pregnancy weight, highest risk to infant of gaining too little. White Non-Hispanic women reported smaller prepregnant, ideal, realistic body sizes than other four groups. Daily caloric intake ranged from 599 to 5856 calories. African-American women had significantly more calories; protein, total fats, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fats; carbohydrates, sugar; and iron than White Non-Hispanic women. Women in each racial/ethnic group had less than recommended intake of protein, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, folate, and fiber. CONCLUSIONS Education is needed to raise awareness of risks of prepregnancy weight and excessive weight gain for mother and infant. The need for prenatal nutritional counseling to reduce the intake of calories, fats, sweets, and snacks; increase intake of vegetables, fruits, foods with iron, folate, and fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Brooten
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida Center for Research & Grants, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida.
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Perez M, Warren CS. The relationship between quality of life, binge-eating disorder, and obesity status in an ethnically diverse sample. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:879-85. [PMID: 21512512 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between obesity status, binge-eating disorder (BED), and quality of life (QOL) in a large, ethnically diverse community sample of adult men and women. Using data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys (N = 20,013), individuals were categorized into four groups: nonobese with BED (n = 142), nonobese without BED (n = 14,301), obese with BED (n = 136), and obese without BED (n = 4,863). Results indicated obese individuals with BED consistently reported the poorest QOL. Findings suggested that obesity status was more strongly related to physical health-related QOL variables (e.g., number of physical conditions, mobility impairment) whereas diagnostic status was more predictive of mental health and social functioning QOL variables (e.g., cognitive impairment, social interaction impairment, time out of role). The degree to which lifetime BED diagnosis was associated with impairment in social interaction differed across ethnic groups. For black individuals, the number of physical health conditions was associated with BED presence moreso than weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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Mak KK, Pang JS, Lai CM, Ho RC. Body esteem in Chinese adolescents: Effect of gender, age, and weight. J Health Psychol 2012; 18:46-54. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105312437264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the associations of body esteem with gender, age, and Body Mass Index (BMI) among 905 Hong Kong adolescents using the Body-Esteem Scale (BES). Older age, male gender and lower BMI were associated with better body esteem. Multiple regression analyses indicated significant main effects of gender, age and weight on BES-Total. Significant interaction effects of gender × BMI and gender × age × BMI were also found on BES-Weight (beta = −0.149, p = .028) and BES-Total (beta = −0.139, p = .044). Improvement of body esteem with age may be associated with age-related BMI differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roger C Ho
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Swami V, Campana AN, Coles R. Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Among British Female University Students. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2012. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although patients of cosmetic surgery are increasingly ethnically diverse, previous studies have not examined ethnic differences in attitudinal dispositions toward cosmetic surgery. In the present study, 751 British female university students from three ethnic groups (Caucasians, South Asians, and African Caribbeans) completed measures of acceptance of cosmetic surgery, body appreciation, self-esteem, and demographic variables. Initial between-group analyses showed that Caucasians had lower body appreciation and self-esteem than Asian and African Caribbean participants. Importantly, Caucasians had higher acceptance of cosmetic surgery than their ethnic minority counterparts, even after controlling for body appreciation, self-esteem, age, and body mass index. Further analyses showed that ethnicity accounted for a small proportion of the variance in acceptance of cosmetic surgery, with body appreciation and self-esteem emerging as stronger predictors. Possible reasons for ethnic differences in acceptance of cosmetic surgery are discussed in Conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, HELP University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Angela Nogueira Campana
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Coles
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
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Plesh O, Gansky SA, Curtis DA. Chronic Pain in a Biracial Cohort of Young Women. THE OPEN PAIN JOURNAL 2012; 5:24-31. [PMID: 24489616 PMCID: PMC3906924 DOI: 10.2174/1876386301205010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This is a longitudinal study of a large US biracial community cohort of 732 young women - 50% African-American and 50% Caucasian - specifically investigating incidence, remission, and progression of, as well as factors associated with common chronic pains (back, head, face, chest and abdomen). The results show back, head and abdominal pains were the most common, severe and persistent pains. Facial pain, although less common and severe, was the only pain presenting significant racial differences with Caucasians having higher prevalence, incidence and persistence; incidence per 1000 person-years was 58 for Caucasians and 18 for African-Americans while remission per 1000 person-years was 107 for Caucasians and 247 for African-Americans (p<0.05). Risk factors associated with incidence (I) differed from those associated with persistence(P), perhaps due to the young age and shorter pain duration in this population. Face pain incidence, but not persistence for example, was associated with student status, fatigue, perceived stress and general health. Depression does not seem to be associated with any of these pains. However, increased number of existing pain sites was related to subsequent increase chance of developing new pain (I) or maintaining the existing pain (P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Plesh
- Department of Preventive & Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stuart A Gansky
- Department of Preventive & Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Donald A Curtis
- Department of Preventive & Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
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38
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Weighing the evidence for an association between obesity and suicide risk. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2012; 8:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Students' perceptions of characteristics associated with social success: Changes during early adolescence. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Napolitano MA, Himes S. Race, weight, and correlates of binge eating in female college students. Eat Behav 2011; 12:29-36. [PMID: 21184970 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the correlates of race, weight status, and binge eating among 715 female undergraduate students (77% Caucasian; 13% African American) enrolled at an urban university. Approximately 21.7% of Caucasians and 36.8% of African-Americans (AA) were overweight/obese. Higher BMI was associated with BED, and severity of binge eating symptoms. After removing participants who endorsed compensatory behaviors ≥ 1×/week from the analyses, 8.4% of the sample met criteria for BED (2.4% of the AA and 9.9% of the Caucasian students) and 44% reported severe binge eating symptoms. AA students were less likely to have BED than Caucasian students and reported less severe binge eating symptomatology. For Caucasian students, mood, cognitive restraint, drive for thinness, and BMI all contributed significant individual variance in binge eating severity. For African Americans, mood, body image dissatisfaction, and drive for thinness were found to be unique contributors. For those meeting criteria for BED, retrospectively recalled predictors of binge eating included negative affect (e.g., self-anger, worry, guilt), but not hunger. Behavioral triggers for binge behavior differed by race, as well, with African American students retrospectively reporting lower levels of anxiety prior to bingeing. Results from this study suggest that there are racial differences in binge eating behaviors. Future studies are needed to examine differences in eating practices among racial groups (e.g., grazing, large portions, high fat food preparation) that may contribute to early onset weight gain and obesity. The results suggest the importance of sensitive tailored weight and disordered eating interventions for college women from diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Napolitano
- Departments of Kinesiology and Public Health, Temple University, 3223 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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41
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Guardia D, Lafargue G, Thomas P, Dodin V, Cottencin O, Luyat M. Anticipation of body-scaled action is modified in anorexia nervosa. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:3961-6. [PMID: 20833193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with anorexia nervosa frequently believe they are larger than they really are. The precise nature of this bias is not known: is it a false belief related to the patient's aesthetic and emotional attitudes towards her body? Or could it also reflect abnormal processing of the representation of the body in action? We tested this latter hypothesis by using a body-scaled action-anticipation task in which 25 anorexics and 25 control participants had to judge whether or not an aperture was wide enough for them to pass through. The anticipation of body-scaled action was severely disturbed in anorexic patients; they judged that they could not pass through an aperture, even when it was wide enough (i.e. they behave as if their body was larger than in reality). The abnormally high "passability ratio" (the critical aperture size to shoulder width ratio) was also correlated with the duration of illness and the degree of body concern/dissatisfaction. Our results suggest that body size overestimation in anorexia nervosa is not solely due to psycho-affective factors but rather suggest impaired neural processing of body dimensions that might take its source in parietal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Guardia
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies CNRS FRE 3291, Lille, France
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Reyes-Rodríguez ML, Franko DL, Matos-Lamourt A, Bulik CM, Von Holle A, Cámara-Fuentes LR, Rodríguez-Angleró D, Cervantes-López S, Suárez-Torres A. Eating disorder symptomatology: prevalence among Latino college freshmen students. J Clin Psychol 2010; 66:666-79. [PMID: 20455253 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in first-year students at the University of Puerto Rico. Responses to the Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT-R), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were analyzed in a sample of 2,163 freshman students. The percentage of students at or above the clinical cut-off points was 3.24% for the BULIT-R and 9.59% for the EAT-26, and 1.88% met the cut-off point for both instruments. The 36.44% of the students who screen positive on eating disorders measures scored 18 or more on the BDI and 5.93% on this group presented high suicidal risk based on their responses to BDI items assessing suicidal thoughts. Eating disorder symptoms occur frequently in Puerto Rican college students, and prevention, detection, and treatment efforts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae Lynn Reyes-Rodríguez
- University North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, UNC Eating Disorders Program, 101 Manning Drive, CB ]7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA.
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Anderson SE, Murray DM, Johnson CC, Elder JP, Lytle LA, Jobe JB, Saksvig BI, Stevens J. Obesity and depressed mood associations differ by race/ethnicity in adolescent girls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6:69-78. [PMID: 20367561 DOI: 10.3109/17477161003728477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives. To evaluate bidirectional associations between obesity and depressed mood in adolescent girls, and determine if associations differed by racial/ethnic group. Methods. We analyzed data collected from 918 adolescent girls studied in 6(th) and 8(th) grades in the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG). Racial/ethnic group was defined as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic. Height and weight were measured and obesity was defined as a body mass index-for-age ≥95(th) percentile. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms and depressed mood, defined as CES-D ≥24. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations between 6(th) grade obesity and 8(th) grade depressed mood, as well as 6(th) grade depressed mood and 8(th) grade obesity. Results. Racial/ethnic group was a statistically significant effect modifier in both directions of association (p<0.02). Among white girls, 6(th) grade obesity was associated with greater likelihood of depressed mood in 8(th) grade (odds ratio [OR]=2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.85, 3.30), whereas for black and Hispanic girls this association was not observed (OR= 1.16 and 0.82, respectively). Also for white girls, 6(th) grade depressed mood was associated with greater likelihood of obesity in 8(th) grade (OR = 4.47, CI: 1.96, 10.24), whereas for black and Hispanic girls, OR=0.83 and 1.89, respectively. Conclusions. Associations between obesity and depressed mood may be most problematic among adolescent girls in the white racial/ethnic group. Our results are consistent both with depressed mood contributing to obesity and obesity contributing to depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH
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Bodur S, Kücükkendirci H. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in Turkish adolescents. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2009. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/82671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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George JBE, Franko DL. Cultural issues in eating pathology and body image among children and adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol 2009; 35:231-42. [PMID: 19703916 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsp064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating pathology and body image issues are now recognized as affecting all racial and ethnic groups. This article reviews eating pathology and body image concerns in four diverse groups in the U.S. (African Americans, Latino/as, Asians, and Native Americans). The major conclusion based on this review is that eating disturbances and body dissatisfaction occur to some degree in children and adolescents from all four major ethnic groups in the U.S; however, there is substantial variability across studies. Future directions include the need for studies of prevalence, prevention and treatment research, and investigations of neurobiological and genetic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Edwards George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655-0002, USA.
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46
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Chen EY, McCloskey MS, Keenan KE. Subtyping dietary restraint and negative affect in a longitudinal community sample of girls. Int J Eat Disord 2009; 42:275-83. [PMID: 19197979 PMCID: PMC2804873 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tests the validity of the "dietary-depressive" subtype (typified by greater negative affect) and a "dietary" subtype (typified by dietary restraint only) using a diverse longitudinal community sample. METHOD Girls at ages 10, 12, and 14 completed the Child Eating Attitudes Test, the Child Symptom Inventory-4, and Body Image Measure. Body Mass Index was assessed at each age. RESULTS Unlike previous studies, cluster analysis revealed an at-risk "dietary-depressive" (R+) subtype (18.7%,100/534) and a not at-risk (R-) subtype, distinguished by few depressive symptoms and little dietary restraint (81.3%,434/534), but no "dietary" subtype. When compared with the R- subtype, the R+ subtype had significantly greater eating disordered behavior and attitudes. The R+ subtype at age 10 was a risk factor for binge-eating but not obesity at ages 12 and 14. DISCUSSION Dietary restraint and depressive symptoms combined predict binge-eating longitudinally in a diverse community sample of girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Y Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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47
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Gender differences in determinants of weight-control behaviours among adolescents in Beirut. Public Health Nutr 2009; 13:71-81. [DOI: 10.1017/s136898000900500x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between self-esteem, physical activity, engaging in risky behaviours, social and cultural capital, attitudes towards thinness, parental and personal characteristics with weight-control behaviours among adolescents in Beirut, Lebanon.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study. A stratified cluster sampling design was used and information gathered by means of a questionnaire. Associations were investigated using multinomial logistic regression, accounting for the survey design. Odds ratios were calculated for trying to lose weight, or trying to gain weight, compared with no weight-control behaviour.SettingThe study was conducted in three underprivileged urban areas of Beirut in 2003.SubjectsThe sample size was 1294 adolescents aged 13–19 years.ResultsDeterminants of weight-control behaviour among girls included their attitudes towards thinness (ORloss= 4·29, ORgain= 0·38), dissatisfaction with weight (ORloss= 10·9, ORgain= 9·63), engaging in physical activity (ORloss= 2·22), smoking (ORloss≈3) and the mother working (ORloss= 2·77). Determinants of weight-control behaviour in boys included their attitudes towards thinness (ORloss= 14·7, ORgain= 0·35), dissatisfaction with weight (ORloss= 15·6, ORgain= 17·7), being involved in a cultural activity (ORgain= 2·51), engaging in a fight (ORloss= 5·25, ORgain= 1·64) and engaging in physical activity (ORloss= 2·56, ORgain= 2·17).ConclusionsAttitudes towards thinness, weight dissatisfaction and physical activity are common determinants for weight-control among boys and girls, although to varying degrees of influence. Self-esteem, social capital, cultural capital and parental characteristics were not significant predictors when accounting for the other variables.
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Swami V, Airs N, Chouhan B, Amparo Padilla Leon M, Towell T. Are There Ethnic Differences in Positive Body Image Among Female British Undergraduates? EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2009. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040.14.4.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined ethnic differences in body image, although the literature has tended to focus on a negative orientation toward one’s body. The present study examined whether there were differences in positive body image among 131 Caucasian, 122 South Asian, 67 African Caribbean, and 67 Hispanic female undergraduates in Britain. Participants completed several scales measuring body appreciation, societal influence on body image, and self-esteem. Results showed that, after controlling for age, Hispanic women had the highest body appreciation scores, followed by African Caribbean, Caucasian, and South Asian women, respectively. Results also showed that Hispanics had the lowest score on media influence and the highest self-esteem. Finally, regressional analyses showed that self-esteem was a strong predictor of body appreciation, over-and-above ethnic affiliation. These results are discussed in relation to the extant literature on ethnic differences in body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, UK
| | - Natalie Airs
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, UK
| | | | | | - Tony Towell
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, UK
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Franko DL, George JBE. A pilot intervention to reduce eating disorder risk in Latina women. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2008; 16:436-41. [PMID: 18683899 DOI: 10.1002/erv.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study tested the effects of an eating disorder risk reduction programme (Food, Mood and Attitude (FMA)) with Latina women. METHOD Fifty-two female Latina college students were screened. Of these, 28 eligible women were administered a questionnaire packet prior to and approximately 2 months and again 1 year after completing a 2-hour computer-based risk reduction programme called FMA and participating in two 2-hour discussion groups about risk factors for eating disorders. RESULTS Paired sample t-tests indicated significant changes from pre- to post-assessment on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ)-shape concerns subscale (p = .002), Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2)-body dissatisfaction (BD) subscale (p < .001) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ; p = .006). Significant changes in binge frequency also occurred (p = .006). Changes on three of these measures were maintained at the 1-year follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONS This small-scale study suggests that FMA may reduce some risk factors for eating disorders in Latina college women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Franko
- Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, 203 Lake Hall, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Vaughan CA, Sacco WP, Beckstead JW. Racial/ethnic differences in Body Mass Index: the roles of beliefs about thinness and dietary restriction. Body Image 2008; 5:291-8. [PMID: 18585109 PMCID: PMC4029410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The greater BMI of African American relative to Caucasian women is implicated in racial/ethnic disparities in health outcomes. The principal aim of the current study was to evaluate a theoretical account of racial/ethnic differences in BMI. Thin-ideal internalization, the perceived romantic appeal of thinness, dietary restriction, weight, and height were assessed via self-report measures on a sample of female undergraduates of African American (n=140) and Caucasian (n=676) race/ethnicity. Using structural equation modeling, support was obtained for the primary hypothesis that racial/ethnic differences in BMI are explained by Caucasian women's greater thin-ideal internalization and perceived romantic appeal of thinness, thereby resulting in greater levels of dietary restriction. Current findings illustrate the potential for racial/ethnic differences in sociocultural standards of appearance to influence racial/ethnic disparities in physical health, of which BMI is a marker, via effects on weight control behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Vaughan
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8115, USA.
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