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He YQ, Zhou CC, Jiang SG, Lan WQ, Zhang F, Tao X, Chen WS. Natural products for the treatment of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment and prospects of nose-to-brain drug delivery. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1292807. [PMID: 38348396 PMCID: PMC10859466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1292807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-related cognitive deficits (CRCI) as one of the common adverse drug reactions during chemotherapy that manifest as memory, attention, and executive function impairments. However, there are still no effective pharmacological therapies for the treatment of CRCI. Natural compounds have always inspired drug development and numerous natural products have shown potential therapeutic effects on CRCI. Nevertheless, improving the brain targeting of natural compounds in the treatment of CRCI is still a problem to be overcome at present and in the future. Accumulated evidence shows that nose-to-brain drug delivery may be an excellent carrier for natural compounds. Therefore, we reviewed natural products with potential anti-CRCI, focusing on the signaling pathway of these drugs' anti-CRCI effects, as well as the possibility and prospect of treating CRCI with natural compounds based on nose-to-brain drug delivery in the future. In conclusion, this review provides new insights to further explore natural products in the treatment of CRCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Gui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Qian Lan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Li H, Ruan J, Huang J, Yang D, Yu H, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang T. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) and Its Rich Ellagitannins as Potential Inhibitors in Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17538. [PMID: 38139367 PMCID: PMC10744232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis, an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, places a significant financial burden on patients and the healthcare system. Recently, reviews of the pomegranate and the abundant medicinal applications of its ellagitannins, as well as its pharmacological action, phytochemicals, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics, have been completed. However, summaries on their anti-ulcerative colitis effects are lacking. Numerous preclinical animal investigations and clinical human trial reports demonstrated the specific therapeutic effects of pomegranate and the effect of its ellagitannins against ulcerative colitis. According to the literature collected by Sci-finder and PubMed databases over the past 20 years, this is the first review that has compiled references regarding how the rich ellagitannins found in pomegranate have altered the ulcerative colitis. It was suggested that the various parts of pomegranates and their rich ellagitannins (especially their primary components, punicalagin, and ellagic acid) can inhibit oxidant and inflammatory processes, regulate the intestinal barrier and flora, and provide an anti-ulcerative colitis resource through dietary management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jingya Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Jiayan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Dingshan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.L.); (J.R.); (J.H.); (H.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China;
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Pratelli G, Tamburini B, Carlisi D, De Blasio A, D’Anneo A, Emanuele S, Notaro A, Affranchi F, Giuliano M, Seidita A, Lauricella M, Di Liberto D. Foodomics-Based Approaches Shed Light on the Potential Protective Effects of Polyphenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14619. [PMID: 37834065 PMCID: PMC10572570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GT) caused by a wide range of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors. IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation and decreased gut microbial diversity, dysbiosis, with a lower number of beneficial bacteria and a concomitant increase in pathogenic species. It is well known that dysbiosis is closely related to the induction of inflammation and oxidative stress, the latter caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular antioxidant capacity, leading to cellular ROS accumulation. ROS are responsible for intestinal epithelium oxidative damage and the increased intestinal permeability found in IBD patients, and their reduction could represent a potential therapeutic strategy to limit IBD progression and alleviate its symptoms. Recent evidence has highlighted that dietary polyphenols, the natural antioxidants, can maintain redox equilibrium in the GT, preventing gut dysbiosis, intestinal epithelium damage, and radical inflammatory responses. Here, we suggest that the relatively new foodomics approaches, together with new technologies for promoting the antioxidative properties of dietary polyphenols, including novel delivery systems, chemical modifications, and combination strategies, may provide critical insights to determine the clinical value of polyphenols for IBD therapy and a comprehensive perspective for implementing natural antioxidants as potential IBD candidate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pratelli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Affranchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Aurelio Seidita
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
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4
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Zhang Y, Mu T, Deng X, Guo R, Xia B, Jiang L, Wu Z, Liu M. New Insights of Biological Functions of Natural Polyphenols in Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119581. [PMID: 37298531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine is critically crucial for nutrient absorption and host defense against exogenous stimuli. Inflammation-related intestinal diseases, including enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC), are heavy burdens for human beings due to their high incidence and devastating clinical symptoms. Current studies have confirmed that inflammatory responses, along with oxidative stress and dysbiosis as critical pathogenesis, are involved in most intestinal diseases. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites derived from plants, which possess convincible anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as regulation of intestinal microbiome, indicating the potential applications in enterocolitis and CRC. Actually, accumulating studies based on the biological functions of polyphenols have been performed to investigate the functional roles and underlying mechanisms over the last few decades. Based on the mounting evidence of literature, the objective of this review is to outline the current research progress regarding the category, biological functions, and metabolism of polyphenols within the intestine, as well as applications for the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases, which might provide ever-expanding new insights for the utilization of natural polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianqi Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ruiting Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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Dai Y, Lu Q, Li P, Zhu J, Jiang J, Zhao T, Hu Y, Ding K, Zhao M. Xianglian Pill attenuates ulcerative colitis through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115690. [PMID: 36075274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xianglian Pill (XLP) is a classical Chinese medicine prescription applied for controlling ulcerative colitis (UC). Whereas, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present work was aimed to investigate the mechanism of XLP in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC via the Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Myeloid Differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/Nuclear Factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major components of XLP were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The ulcerative colitis model was induced by DSS in mice. 5-Amino Salicylic Acid (5-ASA) group and XLP group were intragastrically treated. Disease activity index (DAI) and colon length were monitored and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was conducted. Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-N and TLR4 expressions in colon tissues were visualized by immunofluorescence. TLR4 mRNA was measured by Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The expressions of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), active-caspase-1, GSDMD-N, TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, p-NF-κB, and the ubiquitination of TLR4 in colon tissues were detected by Western blot. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity was examined and serum inflammatory factors Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-18 were determined by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). TLR4-/- mice were applied for verifying the mechanism of XLP attenuated DSS symptoms. RESULTS The XLP treatment extended colon length, reduced DAI, and attenuated histopathological alteration in DSS-induced mice. XLP administration suppressed MPO activity and reduced the content of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-18 in serum. XLP also inhibited the expression levels of GSDMD-N, TLR4, NLRP3, active-caspase-1, MyD88, p-NF-κB/NF-κB in colon tissues of DSS-induced mice. TLR4-/- mice proved that TLR4 was involved in XLP-mediated beneficial effect on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS XLP might treat ulcerative colitis by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Dai
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiulu Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215300, China
| | - Peiyi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junyu Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaxin Jiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kang Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suqian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suqian, 223801, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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6
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Li J, Huang X, He L, Li C, Jing H, Lin J, Ma C, Li X. Effect of ellagic acid on body weight, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and urolithin A metabolism in Thoroughbred horses. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad232. [PMID: 37422771 PMCID: PMC10612130 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of ellagic acid (EA) supplementation on body weight (BW), nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, blood biochemical indices, and urolithin A metabolism in 1-yr-old Thoroughbred horses. A group of 18 1-yr-old Thoroughbred horses, with an average weight of 339.00 ± 30.11 kg, were randomly allocated into three groups of six horses each (three males and three females). The control group (n = 6) received only the basal diet, whereas test groups I (n = 6) and II (n = 6) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 15 mg/kg BW/d and 30 mg/kg BW/d of EA, respectively, for 40-d. The results showed that test group I and II horses had a significant increase in total weight gain by 49.47% and 62.74%, respectively, compared to the control group. The digestibility of various components in the diets of the test group horses was improved, including dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and calcium. Additionally, the digestibility of crude protein and phosphorus (P) in test group II horses increased significantly by 10.96% and 33.56% (P < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, EA supplementation significantly increased the fecal abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05), Fibrobacterota, p-251-o5, Desemzia incerta (P < 0.05), and Fibrobacter sp. (P < 0.05), while reducing the abundance of Proteobacteria, Pseudomonadaceae, Pseudomonas, and Cupriavidus pauculus (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Fecal samples from test group II showed 89.47%, 100%, and 86.15% increases in the concentrations of acetic acid, valeric acid, and total volatile fatty acids, respectively. In addition, the plasma levels of total protein, and globulin increased significantly in test groups I (7.88% and 11.35%, respectively) and II (13.44% and 16.07%, respectively) compared to those in the control group (P < 0.05). The concentration of urolithin A in fecal and urine samples was positively correlated with increasing doses of EA. These findings suggest that supplemental feeding of EA improved nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical indices, and fecal microbiota in 1-yr-old Thoroughbred horses, promoting growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Linjiao He
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Hongxin Jing
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Jianwei Lin
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Chaoyu Ma
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat & Milk Production, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Exercise Physiology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
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Wang F, Chen J, Yin Y, Yang M, Xiao Y, Cheng Y, Yin L, Fu C. The effects of dietary ellagic acid supplementation on growth performance, immune response, antioxidant activity, digestive enzyme activities, and intestinal functions in yellow-feathered broilers. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac301. [PMID: 36074562 PMCID: PMC9721341 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with ellagic acid (EA) on the performance, immune function, antioxidant activity, digestive enzyme activities, and intestinal functions in yellow-feathered broilers. In total, 288 healthy yellow-feathered broilers with an average body weight of 39 ± 0.24 g were randomly divided into four treatment groups. Broilers were given a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg EA. In the finisher period and the overall period, the inclusion of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EA increased the average daily gain (P < 0.05), and the inclusion of 200 or 400 mg/kg EA decreased the feed/gain ratio compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The best immune activity (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and immunoglobulin M [IgM] concentrations) in serum was shown in the 200 mg/kg EA group (P < 0.05). Broilers fed with 200 or 400 mg/kg EA-containing diets exhibited higher serum catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities (P < 0.05) than control broilers. The inclusion of 200 mg/kg EA in the broiler diets increased intestinal chymotrypsin, pepsin, and lipase activities (P < 0.05). Broilers fed 200 mg/kg EA-containing diets had higher villus height in the jejunum and ileum, a higher ratio between villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum, and a deeper crypt in the duodenum compared to control broilers (P < 0.05). EA reduced the diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate concentration in serum. Furthermore, in birds fed EA-containing diets, the abundance of Rikenella and norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014 in cecum were decreased compared with control birds (P < 0.05). Moreover, in birds fed EA-containing diets, the levels of acetate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acids in the cecum were higher (P < 0.05) than those in control birds. These findings indicated that dietary EA had ameliorative effects on antioxidant capability, digestive enzyme activity, immune function, and intestinal functions, which led to strengthened growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yexin Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yintao Xiao
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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8
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Li M, Wu H, Wang S, Wu S, Han J, Han Y. Development of microparticles for oral administration of Periplaneta americana extract to treat ulcerative colitis. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2723-2733. [PMID: 35982644 PMCID: PMC9521608 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease, which can result the inflammation of the rectum, mucosa of the colon, and submucosa. The active component such as polypeptide in Periplaneta americana, which is one of the most common insects in the nature, can be extracted to treat UC. However, the active components in Periplaneta americana extract (PAE) can be degraded in the stomach due to its extreme acidic environment and enzyme. In this study, we developed a pH-dependent drug delivery method using polymer cellulose acetate (Eudragit S100) as a carrier to deliver high concentration PAE to inflamed colon. Both in vitro and in vivo results showed the PAE-Eudragit-S100 could treat UC through delivering active drug components to colon without degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liao Ning, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liao Ning, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liao Ning, China
| | - Shengshun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liao Ning, China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liao Ning, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liao Ning, China
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Khan A, Khan A, Shal B, Aziz A, Ahmad S, Amin MU, Ahmed MN, Zia-Ur-Rehman, Khan S. Ameliorative effect of two structurally divergent hydrazide derivatives against DSS-induced colitis by targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:1167-1188. [PMID: 35851927 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The environmental factors and genetic vulnerability trigger the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Furthermore, the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the aggravation of the IBDs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of N-(benzylidene)-2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazides (NCHDH and NTHDH) compounds against the DSS-induced colitis in mice. The colitis was induced by 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) dissolved in normal saline for 5 days. The effect of the NCHDH and NTHDH on the behavioral, biochemical, histological, and immunohistological parameters was assessed. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment improved the behavioral parameters such as food intake, disease activity index, and diarrhea score significantly compared to DSS control. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatments significantly increased the antioxidant enzymes, whereas oxidative stress markers were markedly reduced. Similarly, the NCHDH and NTHDH treatments significantly suppressed the activity of nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO). The histological studies showed a significant reduction in inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis in the NCHDH- and NTHDH-treated groups. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated that NCHDH and NTHDH treatments markedly increase the expression level of Nrf2, HO-1 (hemeoxygenase-1), TRX (thioredoxin reductase), and IκB compared to the DSS-induced group. In the same way, the NCHDH and NTHDH significantly reduced the NF-κB and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) expression levels. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly improved the symptoms associated with colitis via inducing antioxidants and attenuating oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Amin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Yang J, Germano PM, Oh S, Wang S, Wang J, Lee R, Paige H, Yang S, Henning SM, Zhong J, Jacobs JP, Li Z. Pomegranate Extract Improves Colitis in IL-10 Knockout Mice Fed a High Fat High Sucrose Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100730. [PMID: 34932869 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The study tests the hypothesis that dietary pomegranate extract (PomX) supplementation attenuates colitis in a Western diet feed IL-10 deficient (IL-10-/-) murine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Four-week-old male IL-10-/- mice are randomly assigned to a high fat high sucrose (HFHS) diet or a HFHS diet supplement with 0.25% PomX for 8 weeks. PomX supplementation lead to significantly lower histological score for colitis (2.6 ± 0.5 vs 3.9 ± 1.0), lower spleen weight (0.11 ± 0.01 vs 0.15 ± 0.02), and lower circulating Interleukin 6(IL-6) levels (15.8±2.2 vs 29.5±5.5) compared with HFHS fed controls. RNAseq analysis of colonic tissues showed 483 downregulated and 263 upregulated genes with PomX supplementation, which are mainly associated with inflammatory responses, defenses, and neutrophil degranulation. In addition, PomX treatment affects the cecal microbiome with increased alpha diversity, altered microbial composition, and increased levels of the tryptophan-related microbial metabolite indole propionate. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate that dietary PomX supplementation ameliorated colitis and lowered inflammatory markers in HFHS fed IL-10-/- mice. These data support the anti-inflammatory effects of dietary PomX supplementation for IBD and a potential mediating role of gut microbiome, suggesting the need for future clinical studies to explore the use of PomX dietary supplementation in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Patrizia Maria Germano
- Department of Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Research Service Department, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Suwan Oh
- Research Service Department, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rupo Lee
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hayden Paige
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Scarlet Yang
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Susanne M Henning
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jin Zhong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- Department of Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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11
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The protective effect of Boswellic acid and Ellagic acid loaded, colon targeted, and pH-sensitive N-succinyl chitosan in ulcerative colitis rat model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Polyphenols as Antioxidants for Extending Food Shelf-Life and in the Prevention of Health Diseases: Encapsulation and Interfacial Phenomena. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121909. [PMID: 34944722 PMCID: PMC8698762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity caused by the exposure to human-made chemicals and environmental conditions has become a major health concern because they may significantly increase the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), negatively affecting the endogenous antioxidant defense. Living systems have evolved complex antioxidant mechanisms to protect cells from oxidative conditions. Although oxidative stress contributes to various pathologies, the intake of molecules such as polyphenols, obtained from natural sources, may limit their effects because of their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties against lipid peroxidation and against a broad range of foodborne pathogens. Ingestion of polyphenol-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, help to reduce the harmful effects of ROS, but the use of supramolecular and nanomaterials as delivery systems has emerged as an efficient method to improve their pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Suitable exogenous polyphenolic antioxidants should be readily absorbed and delivered to sites where pathological oxidative damage may take place, for instance, intracellular locations. Many potential antioxidants have a poor bioavailability, but they can be encapsulated to improve their ideal solubility and permeability profile. Development of effective antioxidant strategies requires the creation of new nanoscale drug delivery systems to significantly reduce oxidative stress. In this review we provide an overview of the oxidative stress process, highlight some properties of ROS, and discuss the role of natural polyphenols as bioactives in controlling the overproduction of ROS and bacterial and fungal growth, paying special attention to their encapsulation in suitable delivery systems and to their location in colloidal systems where interfaces play a crucial role.
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Ramadan WS, Alkarim S. Ellagic Acid Modulates the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene via Superoxide Dismutase Regulation in the Entorhinal Cortex in an Experimental Alzheimer's Model. Cells 2021; 10:3511. [PMID: 34944019 PMCID: PMC8700605 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still increasing worldwide. The development of (AD) is related to oxidative stress and genetic factors. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of ellagic acid (EA) on the entorhinal cortex (ERC), which plays a major role in episodic memory, in the brains of an AD rat model. AD was induced using AlCl3 (50 mg/kg orally for 4 weeks). Rats were divided into four groups: control, AD model, EA (treated with 50 mg/kg EA orally for 4 weeks), and ADEA (AD rats treated with EA after AlCl3 was stopped) groups. All rats were investigated for episodic memory using the novel object recognition test (NORT), antioxidant serum biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, histopathology of the ERC, and quantitative PCR for the superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene. EA therapy in AD rats significantly increased the discrimination index for NORT and the levels of SOD, glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity. Lipid peroxidation products were decreased, and the neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in the ERC sections were reduced after EA administration. The decrease in ERC thickness in the AD group, caused by caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and neurotoxicity due to amyloid precursor protein, was modulated by the increased SOD mRNA expression. Adjustment of the ERC antioxidant environment and decreased oxidative stress under EA administration enhanced SOD expression, resulting in the modulation of amyloid precursor protein toxicity and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, thereby restoring episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S. Ramadan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alkarim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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14
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Öngöz Dede F, Bozkurt Doğan Ş, Balli U, Durmuşlar MC, Avci B, Gülle K, Akpolat Ferah M. The effect of ellagic acid on the repair process of periodontal defects related to experimental periodontitis in rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210160. [PMID: 34586188 PMCID: PMC8483071 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) by measuring the levels of alveolar bone resorption and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the periodontal tissues and serum on the periodontal repair process related to experimental periodontitis in rats. Methodology Forty Wistar rats were divided into four study groups as follows: Group 1=healthy control (n=10); Group 2=EA control (15 mg/kg)(n=10); Group 3=periodontitis (n=10); Group 4=periodontitis+EA (15 mg/kg) (n=10). The periodontitis model was established by ligating bilateral mandibular first molars for 14 days. Then, rats were given normal saline or EA for another 14 days by gavage administration. Serum and gingiva myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), and glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed by ELISA. İmmunohistochemical analysis was used to detect Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) immunoreactivities in the periodontal tissues. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and attachment loss (AL) was evaluated by histomorphometry analysis. Results ABL and AL were statistically higher in group 3 than in groups 1, 2 and 4 and in group 4 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). MPO activities in gingival tissue and serum were significantly increased in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Significantly higher serum GSH levels, lower gingiva, and serum 8-OHdG levels, and MPO activity were observed in group 4 compared to group 3 (p<0.05). Rats with periodontitis (group 3) expressed significantly higher immunoreactivities of IL-6 and TNF-α and lower IL-10 immunoreactivity compared to those other groups (p<0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α immunoreactivities significantly decreased and IL-10 immunoreactivity increased in group 4 after the use of EA compared to group 3 (p<0.001). Conclusions Our findings showed that EA provides significant improvements on gingival oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and alveolar bone resorption in the repair process associated with experimental periodontitis. Therefore, EA may have a therapeutic potential on periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Öngöz Dede
- Ordu University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Şeyma Bozkurt Doğan
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umut Balli
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cenk Durmuşlar
- Kent University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avci
- Ondokuzmayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kanat Gülle
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Meryem Akpolat Ferah
- Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zonguldak, Turkey
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15
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Phytochemicals Targeting JAK-STAT Pathways in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights from Animal Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092824. [PMID: 34068714 PMCID: PMC8126249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that consists of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Cytokines are thought to be key mediators of inflammation-mediated pathological processes of IBD. These cytokines play a crucial role through the Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. Several small molecules inhibiting JAK have been used in clinical trials, and one of them has been approved for IBD treatment. Many anti-inflammatory phytochemicals have been shown to have potential as new drugs for IBD treatment. This review describes the significance of the JAK–STAT pathway as a current therapeutic target for IBD and discusses the recent findings that phytochemicals can ameliorate disease symptoms by affecting the JAK–STAT pathway in vivo in IBD disease models. Thus, we suggest that phytochemicals modulating JAK–STAT pathways are potential candidates for developing new therapeutic drugs, alternative medicines, and nutraceutical agents for the treatment of IBD.
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16
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Shaikh SB, Bhandary YP. Therapeutic properties of Punica granatum L (pomegranate) and its applications in lung-based diseases: A detailed review. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13684. [PMID: 33709449 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are the prime cause of death and disability worldwide. The majority of lung-based diseases are resistant to treatment. Hence, research on unique drugs/compounds with a more efficient and minimum side effect for treating lung diseases is urgent. Punica granatum L (pomegranate) fruit has been used in the prevention and treatment of various respiratory disorders in recent times. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that pomegranate fruit, as well as its juice, extract, peel powder, and oil, exert anti-proliferative, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-tumorigenic properties by attenuating various respiratory conditions such as asthma, lung fibrosis, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and alveolar inflammation via modulating various signaling pathways. The current review summarizes the potential properties and medical benefits of pomegranate against different lung-based diseases, also highlighting its possible role in the lung fibrinolytic system. The available data suggest that pomegranate is effective in controlling the disease progressions and could be a potential therapeutic target benefiting human health status. Furthermore, this review also outlines the preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the role of pomegranate in lung diseases further evoking future studies to investigate the effect of intake of this anti-oxidant fruit in larger and well-defined human clinical trials. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review outlines the putative pharmacologic benefits of P. granatum L (pomegranate) in treating various chronic lung-based diseases such as lung cancer, COPD, ARDS, asthma, lung fibrosis, and cystic fibrosis. This review also highlights the possible inhibitory role of P. granatum L (pomegranate) in the lung fibrinolytic system triggering the fibrinolytic markers. This review summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies using in vitro, in vivo, and human models highlighting the potential role of P. granatum L (pomegranate) in lung diseases. This review evokes future research to investigate the effect of intake of pomegranate fruit in well-defined human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Bi Shaikh
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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Ceci C, Graziani G, Faraoni I, Cacciotti I. Strategies to improve ellagic acid bioavailability: from natural or semisynthetic derivatives to nanotechnological approaches based on innovative carriers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:382001. [PMID: 32380485 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab912c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenolic compound whose dietary consumption is mainly associated with the intake of red fruits, including pomegranates, strawberries, blackberries, blackcurrants, raspberries, grapes or dried fruits, like walnuts and almonds. A number of studies indicate that EA exerts health-beneficial effects against several chronic pathologies associated with oxidative damage, including different kinds of cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, EA possesses wound-healing properties, antibacterial and antiviral effects, and acts as a systemic antioxidant. However, clinical applications of this polyphenol have been hampered and prevented by its poor water solubility (9.7 ± 3.2 μg ml-1 in water) and pharmacokinetic profile (limited absorption rate and plasma half-life <1 h after ingestion of pomegranate juice), properties due to the chemical nature of the organic heterotetracyclic compound. Little has been reported on efficient strategies to enhance EA poor oral bioavailability, including chemical structure modifications, encapsulation within nano-microspheres to be used as carriers, and molecular dispersion in polymer matrices. In this review we summarize the experimental approaches investigated so far in order to improve EA pharmacokinetics, supporting the hypothesis that enhancement in EA solubility is a feasible route for increasing its oral absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1 00133, Rome, Italy
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18
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Süntar I, Cevik CK, Çeribaşı AO, Gökbulut A. Healing effects of Cornus mas L. in experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in rats: From ethnobotany to pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 248:112322. [PMID: 31644942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The ethnobotanical studies conducted in Turkey and other countries have revealed that Cornus mas L., from the family Cornaceae have been used against stomachache, diarrhea and colitis. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective the present study is to determine the possible activity of C. mas in experimentally induced ulcerative colitis in rats and to identify its phytochemical feature. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis model was induced in rats. The rats were orally treated with different doses (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of C. mas 80% methanol extract for 14 days. Increase in body weight, consumed amount of feed, form of the stool, presence of rectal prolapse were followed every day. At the end of the experiment, colon tissues were removed and wet weights for each animal were measured and colon damages were scored. Total antioxidant and total oxidant status, cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β) and protein levels of colon tissues were evaluated and histopathological analyses were carried out. After the detection of the effective dose as 400 mg/kg, the aqueous methanol extract was fractionated by using liquid-liquid fractionation technique and the sub-extracts were also tested for in vivo biological activities. High Performance Liquid Chromatography analyses were conducted to determine the phytochemical profile of the active crude extract and n-butanol sub-extract. RESULTS Amount of feed consumed per day and increase in body weight were the lowest in the control group, while those values were determined to be the highest in 80% methanol extract (at 400 mg/kg dose), n-butanol sub-extract and reference groups. Following colitis induction, it was determined that the fecal form was yellow-slippery in all groups and returned to normal after the treatment with C. mas extracts. Rectal prolapse score was less in the extract (400 mg/kg) and n-butanol sub-extract treated groups. Total antioxidant, total oxidant status, cytokine and protein levels were found to be in parallel with macroscopic findings. 80% methanol extract (400 mg/kg) and n-butanol sub-extract provided the best healing according to the wet weight measurements and colon damage scoring performed on the removed colon tissues. These findings supported the results of histopathological analysis. According to the chromatographic analysis, ellagic acid was determined in both extracts and its amount was quantified. CONCLUSIONS The present study has verified the ethnomedical use of C. mas for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Can Kerem Cevik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Çeribaşı
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Alper Gökbulut
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100, Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey
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Dietary Walnut Supplementation Alters Mucosal Metabolite Profiles During DSS-Induced Colonic Ulceration. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051118. [PMID: 31137456 PMCID: PMC6566840 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnuts contain a complex array of natural compounds and phytochemicals that exhibit a wide range of health benefits, including protection against inflammation and colon cancer. In this study, we assess the effects of dietary supplementation with walnuts on colonic mucosal injury induced in mice by the ulcerogenic agent, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). C57Bl/6J mice were started on the Total Western Diet supplemented with freshly-ground whole walnuts (0, 3.5, 7 and 14% g/kg) 2 weeks prior to a 5-day DSS treatment and walnut diets were continued throughout the entire experimental period. Mice were examined at 2 days or 10 days after withdrawal of DSS. In a separate study, a discovery-based metabolite profiling analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed on fecal samples and colonic mucosa following two weeks of walnut supplementation. Dietary walnut supplementation showed significant effects in the 10-day post-DSS recovery-phase study, in which the extent of ulceration was significantly reduced (7.5% vs. 0.3%, p < 0.05) with 14% walnuts. In the metabolite-profiling analysis, walnuts caused a significant increase in several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 9-oxo-10(E),12(E)-octadecadienoic acid (9-oxoODA), as well as kynurenic acid. In colon tissue samples, walnuts caused a significant increase in the levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and betaine, important components of fatty acid β-oxidation. These metabolite changes may contribute in part to the observed protection against DSS-induced inflammatory tissue injury.
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Zeb A. Ellagic acid in suppressing in vivo and in vitro oxidative stresses. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:27-41. [PMID: 29388153 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a biological condition produced by a variety of factors, causing several chronic diseases. Oxidative stress was, therefore, treated with natural antioxidants, such as ellagic acid (EA). EA has a major role in protecting against different diseases associated with oxidative stress. This review critically discussed the antioxidant role of EA in biological systems. The in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed the protective role of EA in suppressing oxidative stress. The review also discussed the mechanism of EA in suppressing of oxidative stress, which showed that EA activates specific endogenous antioxidant enzymes and suppresses specific genes responsible for inflammation, diseases, or disturbance of biochemical systems. The amount of EA used and duration, which plays a significant role in the treatment of oxidative stress has been discussed. In conclusion, EA is a strong natural antioxidant, which possesses the suppressing power of oxidative stress in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Zeb
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Tian Z, Ma J, Kang M, Ding C, Ming D. Preparation of β-CD-Ellagic Acid Microspheres and Their Effects on HepG2 Cell Proliferation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122175. [PMID: 29292740 PMCID: PMC6149914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was chosen as the coating for ellagic acid to prepare ellagic acid microspheres, and the effect of microspheres on the growth of HepG2 cells was observed. METHODS Scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and release rate analysis were used to identify the formation of ellagic acid microspheres. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of ellagic acid microspheres on tumor cell proliferation at 6, 12, 24 and 36 h, and cell morphology and quantity were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Single-cell gel electrophoresis was used to observe the effect of ellagic acid microspheres on the DNA damage of HepG2 cells, and the Olive tail moment and the mRNA expression of tumor suppressor protein gene p53 was measured. RESULTS β-CD could be used as wrapping material of ellagic acid to prepare ellagic acid microspheres. HepG2 cell proliferation could be inhibited by 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 g/L of ellagic acid microspheres in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the mechanism of proliferation inhibition was related to DNA damage and cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Preparing ellagic acid microspheres with β-CD is feasible, and ellagic acid microspheres have potential therapeutic value (anticancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Wang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
| | - Zhongjing Tian
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Medical Science, Zaozhuang Vocational College, Zaozhuang 277800, China.
| | - Meiling Kang
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
| | - Chengshi Ding
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
| | - Dongfeng Ming
- College of Life Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China.
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Kim H, Banerjee N, Sirven MA, Minamoto Y, Markel ME, Suchodolski JS, Talcott ST, Mertens-Talcott SU. Pomegranate polyphenolics reduce inflammation and ulceration in intestinal colitis-involvement of the miR-145/p70S6K1/HIF1α axis in vivo and in vitro. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:107-115. [PMID: 28282584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential role of the p70S6K1/HIF1α axis in the anti-inflammatory activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) polyphenolics in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in Sprague-Dawley rats and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated CCD-18Co colon-myofibroblastic cells. Rats were administered either control (CT) or pomegranate beverage (PG), containing ellagic acid and ellagitannins, then exposed to three cycles of 3% DSS followed by a 2-week recovery period. PG protected against DSS-induced colon inflammation and ulceration (50% and 66.7%, P=.05 and .045, respectively), and decreased the Ki-67 proliferative index in the central and basal regions compared to the control. PG also significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), COX-2, and iNOS at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, the expression of p70S6K1 and HIF1α was reduced, while the tumor suppressor miR-145 was induced by PG. The intestinal microbiota of rats treated with PG showed a significant increase in Ruminococcaceae that include several butyrate producing bacteria (P=.03). In vitro, PG reduced the expression of p70S6K1 and HIF1α and induced miR-145 in a dose-dependent manner. The involvement of miR-145/p70S6K1 was confirmed by treating LPS-treated CCD-18Co cells with miR-145 antagomiR, where the pomegranate polyphenolics reversed the effects of the antagomiR for p70S6K1 mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that pomegranate polyphenols attenuated DSS-induced colitis by modulating the miR-145/p70S6K/HIF1α axis, indicating potential use in therapeutic treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemee Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nivedita Banerjee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Maritza A Sirven
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yasushi Minamoto
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Melissa E Markel
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Stephen T Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Susanne U Mertens-Talcott
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Li Y, Zhao X, Zu Y, Zhang Y, Ge Y, Zhong C, Wu W. Preparation and characterization of micronized ellagic acid using antisolvent precipitation for oral delivery. Int J Pharm 2015; 486:207-16. [PMID: 25841566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, poorly water soluble phytochemical ellagic acid (EA) was micronized to increase its solubility and thereby the bioavailability during antisolvent precipitation process using N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent and deionized water as antisolvent. The micronized EA (m-EA) freeze-dried powder was prepared by the subsequent lyophilization process. The effects of various experimental parameters on the mean particle size (MPS) of m-EA suspension (m-EAS) in the antisolvent precipitation process were investigated. MPS and production efficiency were taken into account comprehensively to obtain the optimum conditions of antisolvent precipitation. Under the optimum conditions, m-EA freeze-dried powder with a MPS of 429.2 ± 7.6 nm was obtained. The physico-chemical properties of m-EA freeze-dried powder were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated m-EA kept the same chemical structure with raw EA, but the crystallinity was greatly reduced. Furthermore, a comparison of the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values revealed that m-EA was more effective than raw EA in scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Meanwhile, m-EA also showed higher reducing power. Moreover, the residual amount of NMP was lower than the International Conference on Harmonization limit (530 ppm) for solvents. The dissolution rate of m-EA was approximately 2 times of raw EA. Moreover, the solubility of m-EA was about 6.5 times of raw EA. Meanwhile, the bioavailability of m-EA increased about 2 times compared with raw EA via oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yuangang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunlong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
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Saxena A, Kaur K, Hegde S, Kalekhan FM, Baliga MS, Fayad R. Dietary agents and phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of experimental ulcerative colitis. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 4:203-17. [PMID: 25379461 PMCID: PMC4220497 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.139111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), consisting mainly of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are important immune-mediated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of the disease includes environmental and genetic factors. Its management presents a constant challenge for gastroenterologists and conventional surgeon. 5-Amninosalicylates, antibiotics, steroids, and immune modulators have been used to reduce the symptoms and for maintenance of remission. Unfortunately, long-term usage of these agents has been found to lead to severe toxicities, which are deterrent to the users. Pre-clinical studies carried out in the recent past have shown that certain dietary agents, spices, oils, and dietary phytochemicals that are consumed regularly possess beneficial effects in preventing/ameliorating UC. For the first time, this review addresses the use of these dietary agents and spices in the treatment and prevention of IBD and also emphasizes on the mechanisms responsible for their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Saxena
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Kaur
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Shweta Hegde
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Faizan M Kalekhan
- Research and Development, Father Muller Medical College, Kankanady, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Raja Fayad
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaf extract on male albino mice. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 11:472-6. [PMID: 24359769 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaf extract on male albino mice. METHODS Aqueous decoction and methanol leaf extracts were tested for their ability to reduce croton oil-induced edema in the mouse ear after topical application. The methanol leaf extract dose-dependently inhibited the croton oil-induced ear edema in mice (ID50 <500 μg·cm(-2)). A bioassay-guided liquid-liquid fractionation of this methanol extract gave four active fractions: water insoluble (F1), hexane (F2), ethyl acetate (F3) and water (F4). RESULTS The hexane fraction showed a very high activity (42.1% inhibition at 0.7 μg·cm(-2)) as compared to the control. The other fractions were less active (F1: 56.1% at 506.2 μg·cm(-2); F3: 57.3% at 289.3 μg·cm(-2); and F4: 31.9% for 203.8 μg·cm(-2)) while indomethacin gave 48.8% of inhibition at 90 μg·cm(-2). The activity of F1 and F3 may be at least in part explained by the presence of anti-inflammatory flavonoids, while the activity was not correlated to the tannin contents. No compounds were detected in the most active F2 fraction. CONCLUSIONS The results give a rational support to the traditional use of T. divaricata in tropical India as anti-inflammatory agent.
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Gilardi D, Fiorino G, Genua M, Allocca M, Danese S. Complementary and alternative medicine in inflammatory bowel diseases: what is the future in the field of herbal medicine? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 8:835-46. [PMID: 24813226 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2014.917954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of complementary and alternative medicine is wide-spread not only in Eastern countries, but also in the Western world. Despite the increasing evidence on the harmful effects induced by several naturopathic/homeopathic products, patients seem to appreciate these remedies, in particular because they consider them to be absolutely safe. This same phenomenon is common among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. As a result there is a significant request for scientific data to evaluate both the efficacy and safety of these remedies, and to support the use of such medications as adjuvant treatments to biological and synthetic drugs. We aimed to review the current evidence on efficacy and safety of some natural products that are believed to be effective in inflammatory bowel disease. Further perspectives for the clinical use of herbal products and strategies for improving knowledge about herbal products in IBD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gilardi
- IBD Center, Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Syed DN, Chamcheu JC, Adhami VM, Mukhtar H. Pomegranate extracts and cancer prevention: molecular and cellular activities. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 13:1149-61. [PMID: 23094914 DOI: 10.2174/1871520611313080003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is increased appreciation by the scientific community that dietary phytochemicals can be potential weapons in the fight against cancer. Emerging data has provided new insights into the molecular and cellular framework needed to establish novel mechanism-based strategies for cancer prevention by selective bioactive food components. The unique chemical composition of the pomegranate fruit, rich in antioxidant tannins and flavonoids has drawn the attention of many investigators. Polyphenol rich fractions derived from the pomegranate fruit have been studied for their potential chemopreventive and/or cancer therapeutic effects in several animal models. Although data from in vitro and in vivo studies look convincing, well designed clinical trials in humans are needed to ascertain whether pomegranate can become part of our armamentarium against cancer. This review summarizes the available literature on the effects of pomegranate against various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeba N Syed
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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28
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Mazzolin LP, Kiguti LRDA, da Maia EO, Fernandes LTL, da Rocha LRM, Vilegas W, Pupo AS, Di Stasi LC, Hiruma-Lima CA. Antidiarrheal and intestinal antiinflammatory activities of a methanolic extract of Qualea parviflora Mart. in experimental models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:1016-1023. [PMID: 24157378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE An ethnopharmacological survey indicated that the bark from Qualea parviflora Mart. (Vochysiaceae) could be used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a methanolic extract from the bark of Qualea parviflora (QP) in an experimental model of diarrhea and intestinal inflammation induced in rodents. MATERIAL AND METHODS The antidiarrheal and antispasmodic effects of QP were investigated by measuring intestinal motility, diarrhea, and intestinal fluid accumulation in rodents after challenging with a cathartic agent. In addition, the effects of QP on the contractility of the isolated mice-ileum preparation were determined. Acute intestinal inflammation was induced in male Wistar rats by the rectal administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in 50% ethanol (0.25 mL). QP was administered orally (for 5 days) prior to the induction of inflammation. The colonic injury and extent of inflammation were assessed by macroscopic damage scores and lesion length. The enhanced colonic mucosal injury, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress were evaluated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity; the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL1-β), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; and the glutathione (GSH) content. RESULTS Oral treatment with QP (500 mg/kg) delayed the onset of diarrhea, reduced the amount of liquid stool, and decreased the severity of the diarrhea and the evacuation index in rodents challenged with castor oil (p<0.01). Additionally, QP (150-500 µg/mL) demonstrated effective antispasmodic activity against carbachol-induced contractions of mouse ileum in vitro. Oral treatment (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) with QP significantly reduced the intestinal inflammation induced by TNBS in rats (52% and 45%, respectively). Improvement of colonic mucosal injury by treatment with QP was demonstrated by a decrease in MDA levels and an increase in GSH content in colonic tissue. QP also prevented intestinal inflammation as evidenced by reduced cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL1-β) and low MPO activity. CONCLUSIONS The ethnopharmacological usefulness of the bark from Qualea parviflora against diarrhea containing blood and mucus was supported by the observed antidiarrheal, antispasmodic, and intestinal antiinflammatory properties of this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilene Patrícia Mazzolin
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, CEP 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Marín M, María Giner R, Ríos JL, Recio MC. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of ellagic acid in the acute and chronic dextrane sulfate sodium models of mice colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:925-934. [PMID: 24140585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.; Lythraceae) has traditionally been used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Because its fruits and extracts are rich in ellagitannins, which release ellagic acid when hydrolyzed, consumption of pomegranate products is currently being widely promoted for their potential health effects, including the prevention of inflammatory diseases and cancer. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ellagic acid on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute and chronic experimental colitis in two different strains of mice and to elucidate its possible mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the acute UC model, female Balb/C mice were treated with DSS (5%) for seven days while concomitantly receiving a dietary supplement of ellagic acid (2%). In the chronic UC model, female C57BL/6 mice received four week-long cycles of DSS (1% and 2%) interspersed with week-long recovery periods along with a diet supplemented with ellagic acid (0.5%). RESULTS In acute model of UC, ellagic acid ameliorated disease severity slightly as observed both macroscopically and through the profile of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). In the chronic UC model, ellagic acid significantly inhibited the progression of the disease, reducing intestinal inflammation and decreasing histological scores. Moreover, mediators such as COX-2 and iNOS were downregulated and the signaling pathways p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and STAT3 were blocked. CONCLUSIONS Our study reinforces the hypothetical use of ellagic acid as an anti-inflammatory complement to conventional UC treatment in chronic UC patients and could be considered in the dietary prevention of intestinal inflammation and related cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marín
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia Avda./Vicent Andrés Estellés sn, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
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A review on the anti-inflammatory activity of pomegranate in the gastrointestinal tract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:247145. [PMID: 23573120 PMCID: PMC3612487 DOI: 10.1155/2013/247145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several biological activities of pomegranate have been widely described in the literature, but the anti-inflammatory effect in the gastrointestinal tract has not been reviewed till now. The aim of the present paper is to summarize the evidence for or against the efficacy of pomegranate for coping with inflammatory conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract. The paper has been organized in three parts: (1) the first one is devoted to the modifications of pomegranate active compounds in the gastro-intestinal tract; (2) the second one considering the literature regarding the anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate at gastric level; (3) the third part considers the anti-inflammatory effect of pomegranate in the gut. In vivo studies performed on the whole fruit or juice, peel, and flowers demonstrate antiulcer effect in a variety of animal models. Ellagic acid was the main responsible for this effect, although other individual ellagitannins could contribute to the biological activity of the mixture. Different preparations of pomegranate, including extracts from peels, flowers, seeds, and juice, show a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the gut. No clinical studies have been found, thus suggesting that future clinical studies are necessary to clarify the beneficial effects of pomegranate in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Jiménez P, Cordoba-Diaz D, Cabrero P, Aracil M, Gayoso MJ, Garrosa M, Cordoba-Diaz M, Girbés T. Plasma Accumulations of Vitamin B6 from an Oral Dose in a New Reversible Model for Mouse Gut Injury and Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.49118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Goriparti S, Harish MNK, Sampath S. Ellagic acid – a novel organic electrode material for high capacity lithium ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7234-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ghazanfari G, Minaie B, Yasa N, Nakhai LA, Mohammadirad A, Nikfar S, Dehghan G, Boushehri VS, Jamshidi H, Khorasani R, Salehnia A, Abdollahi M. Biochemical and histopathological evidences for beneficial effects of satureja khuzestanica jamzad essential oil on the mouse model of inflammatory bowel diseases. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 16:365-72. [PMID: 20021009 DOI: 10.1080/15376520600620125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil from Satureja Khuzestanica Jamzad (SKEO), an endemic plant from Iran, was evaluated for its activity against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SKEO was examined on the experimental mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease, which is acetic acid-induced colitis. Prednisolone was used as the standard drug for comparison. Biochemical, macroscopic, and microscopic examinations of colon were performed. Lipid peroxidation significantly increased in acetic acid-treated mice in comparison to the normal group (4.88 vs. 3.02 mumol/g) and was significantly restored by SKEO (500, 1000, 1500 ppm) and prednisolone treatment. The mean percentage of decreases of lipid peroxidation in SKEO (500, 1000, 1500 ppm)- and prednisolone-treated groups were 10.5, 28.5, 42.85, and 33.33 of control, respectively. The myeloperoxidase activity significantly increased in acetic acid-treated mice in comparison to the normal group (4.1 vs. 0.8 U/g) and significantly restored in SKEO (1000 and 1500 ppm)- and prednisolone-treated groups. The mean percentage of decreases of myeloperoxidase activity in SKEO (1000 and 1500 ppm)- and prednisolone-treated groups were 24.56, 50, and 52.63 of control, respectively. SKEO (1000 and 1500 ppm)- and prednisolone-treated groups showed significantly lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared to the acetic acid-treated group. The beneficial effect of SKEO (1500 ppm) was comparable to that of prednisolone. Known antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and antispasmodic potentials of Satureja Khuzestanica may be the mechanisms by which this plant protects animals against experimentally induced IBD. Proper clinical investigation should be carried out to confirm the activity in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Ghazanfari
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chatterjee A, Chatterjee S, Das S, Saha A, Chattopadhyay S, Bandyopadhyay SK. Ellagic acid facilitates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer healing via COX-2 up-regulation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2012; 44:565-76. [PMID: 22626975 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer healing by ellagic acid (EA) in experimental mice model is described in our study. Ulcer index (UI) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of the stomach tissues showed maximum ulceration on the third day after indomethacin (18 mg/kg, single dose) administration. Preliminary observation of UI and MPO activity suggests that EA possesses ulcer-healing activity. Other anti-ulcer parameters such as the levels of prostaglandin E(2), cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 enzymes, anti-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4 and -5], pro-angiogenic factors, e.g. vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and endothelial growth factor (EGF) were down-regulated by indomethacin. EA (7 mg/kg/day) treatment for 3 days shifted the indomethacin-induced pro-inflammatory biochemical parameters to the healing side. These activities were correlated with the ability of EA to alter the COX-2-dependent healing pathways. The ulcer-healing activity of EA was, however, compromised by pre-administration of the specific COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, and NS-398. Taken together, these results suggested that the EA treatment accelerates ulcer healing by inducing IL-4, EGF/HGF levels and enhances COX-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medicine, I.P.G.M.E&R, West Bengal, India
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Singh UP, Singh NP, Busbee B, Guan H, Singh B, Price RL, Taub DD, Mishra MK, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Alternative medicines as emerging therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2012; 31:66-84. [PMID: 22251008 PMCID: PMC4138959 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2011.642909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be divided into two major categories, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD). While the main cause(s) of IBD remain unknown, a number of interventional and preventive strategies have been proposed for use against CD and UC. Many reports have focused on the use of alternative natural medicines as potential therapeutic interventions in IBD patients with minimal side effects. While the use of alternative medicines may be effective in IBD patients that are refractory to corticosteroids or thiopurins, alternative treatment strategies are limited and require extensive clinical testing before being optimized for use in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udai P. Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Narendra P. Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brandon Busbee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - H. Guan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Balwan Singh
- National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert L. Price
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dennis D. Taub
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manoj K. Mishra
- Department of Biological and Math Sciences, Alabama State University 1627 Hall St. Montgomery, Alabama, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Prakash S. Nagarkatti
- Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Hollebeeck S, Winand J, Hérent MF, During A, Leclercq J, Larondelle Y, Schneider YJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) husk ellagitannins in Caco-2 cells, an in vitro model of human intestine. Food Funct 2012; 3:875-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10258g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Galvez-Llompart M, Zanni R, García-Domenech R. Modeling natural anti-inflammatory compounds by molecular topology. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:9481-503. [PMID: 22272145 PMCID: PMC3257142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12129481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main pharmacological problems today in the treatment of chronic inflammation diseases consists of the fact that anti-inflammatory drugs usually exhibit side effects. The natural products offer a great hope in the identification of bioactive lead compounds and their development into drugs for treating inflammatory diseases. Computer-aided drug design has proved to be a very useful tool for discovering new drugs and, specifically, Molecular Topology has become a good technique for such a goal. A topological-mathematical model, obtained by linear discriminant analysis, has been developed for the search of new anti-inflammatory natural compounds. An external validation obtained with the remaining compounds (those not used in building up the model), has been carried out. Finally, a virtual screening on natural products was performed and 74 compounds showed actual anti-inflammatory activity. From them, 54 had been previously described as anti-inflammatory in the literature. This can be seen as a plus in the model validation and as a reinforcement of the role of Molecular Topology as an efficient tool for the discovery of new anti-inflammatory natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Galvez-Llompart
- Molecular Connectivity & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida V.A. Estelles s/n, Burjasot, Valencia 46100, Spain; E-Mails: (M.G.-L.); (R.Z.)
| | - Riccardo Zanni
- Molecular Connectivity & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida V.A. Estelles s/n, Burjasot, Valencia 46100, Spain; E-Mails: (M.G.-L.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, Bologna 48-40126, Italy
| | - Ramón García-Domenech
- Molecular Connectivity & Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenida V.A. Estelles s/n, Burjasot, Valencia 46100, Spain; E-Mails: (M.G.-L.); (R.Z.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-963544291; Fax: +34-963544892
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Beserra AMSES, Calegari PI, Souza MDC, Dos Santos RAN, Lima JCDS, Silva RM, Balogun SO, Martins DTDO. Gastroprotective and ulcer-healing mechanisms of ellagic acid in experimental rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6957-6965. [PMID: 21644797 DOI: 10.1021/jf2003267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA), a plant-derived polyphenol, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gastroprotective effects. Its gastroprotective mechanisms have not been fully elucidated nor have its effects on chronic ulcer previously been described. Toward these ends, the antiulcer activities of EA were evaluated in acute (ethanol and indomethacin) and chronic (acetic acid) ulcer models in Wistar rats. In this study, oral administration of EA significantly prevented the gastric ulceration caused by ethanol, indomethacin, and acetic acid treatments. Its gastroprotective mechanism in ethanol-induced ulcer were partly due to intensification in the endogenous production of nitric oxide, an antioxidant effect by replenishing depletion of endogenous nonprotein sulfhydryls and attenuation of tumor necrosis factor-α increase, whereas in indomethacin ulcer, it is partly due to a reduction in the plasma level of leukotriene B(4). In acetic acid ulcer, promotion of ulcer-healing effects was partly due to attenuation of the elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, interferon-γ, and interleukins-4 and -6. These findings suggest that ellagic acid exerts its antiulcer activity by strengthening the defensive factors and attenuating the offensive factors.
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Protective effect of ellagic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, in a murine model of Crohn's disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:737-45. [PMID: 21763290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current epidemiological and experimental studies support a beneficial role of dietary polyphenols in several gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the effects of a naturally occurring polyphenol, ellagic acid, present in some fruits such as pomegranate, raspberries and nuts among others, in an experimental murine model of Crohn's disease by intra-colonic administration of TNBS in rats. Analysis of the lesions were carried out by macroscopic and histological technics. Inflammation response was assessed by histology and myeloperoxidase activity. iNOS and COX-2 are upregulated by MAPKs and NF-κB nuclear transcription factor in intestinal epithelial cells thus, we determined the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and the involvement of the p38, JNK, ERK1/2 MAPKs and NF-κB signalling in the protective effect of EA by western blotting. Oral administration of EA (10-20 mg/kg) diminished the severity and extension of the intestinal injuries induced by TNBS although there was no observed a significant dose-response. In addition, EA increased mucus production in goblet cells in colon mucosa, decreased neutrophil infiltration and pro-inflammatory proteins COX-2 and iNOS overexpression. Also EA was capable of reducing the activation of p38, JNK and ERK1/2 MAPKs, preventing the inhibitory protein IκB-degradation and inducing an inhibition of the nuclear translocation level of p65 in colonic mucosa. In conclusion, EA reduces the damage in a rat model of Crohn's disease, alleviates the oxidative events and returns pro-inflammatory proteins expression to basal levels probably through MAPKs and NF-κB signalling pathways.
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Singh K, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Exploring the ameliorative potential of Punica granatum in dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Phytother Res 2010; 23:1565-74. [PMID: 19367659 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potential of Punica granatum in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis. DSS (2%) was administered orally in drinking water for 7 days to induce ulcerative colitis. The extent and severity of ulceration was analysed macroscopically, histopathologically and using a disease activity index. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a specific marker of inflammation; histamine, a marker of mast cell degranulation; superoxide anion generation and, lipid peroxides were analysed. Administration of DSS resulted in a significant development of ulceration in the colon along with a rise in histamine, MPO activity and oxidative stress. Treatment with Punica granatum extract and its ellagic acid rich fraction (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg p.o.) significantly attenuated DSS-induced colonic inflammation along with attenuation of histamine, MPO and oxidative stress. The antiulcerative effect of Punica granatum extract and its ellagic acid rich fraction were comparable to sulphasalazine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and sodium cromoglycate (40 mg/kg i.p). It is concluded that Punica granatum has a potential for ameliorating DSS-induced colitis and its ellagic acid rich fraction may be responsible for this effect. Further, the antiulcerative effects may be attributed to mast cell stabilizing, antiinflammatory and antioxidant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
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Panichayupakaranant P, Itsuriya A, Sirikatitham A. Preparation method and stability of ellagic acid-rich pomegranate fruit peel extract. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2009; 48:201-5. [PMID: 20645841 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903078503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Romier B, Schneider YJ, Larondelle Y, During A. Dietary polyphenols can modulate the intestinal inflammatory response. Nutr Rev 2009; 67:363-78. [PMID: 19566597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) arise from multiple causes, including environmental factors, gut microflora, immunity, and genetic predispositions. In the course of IBD, immune homeostasis and intestinal mucosa barrier integrity are impaired. Among natural preventive treatments that have been identified to date, polyphenols appear as promising candidates. They have been shown to protect against several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancers, and they have anti-inflammatory properties in non-intestinal models. This paper will review the literature that has described to date some effects of polyphenols on intestinal inflammation. Studies, conducted using in vivo and in vitro models, provide evidence that pure polyphenolic compounds and natural polyphenolic plant extracts can modulate intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Romier
- Biochimie cellulaire, nutritionnelle & toxicologique, Institut des Sciences de la Vie & UCL, Académie universitaire Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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A novel model of ischemic enteritis induced in rats by stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery. Life Sci 2009; 84:615-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ellagic acid inhibits pancreatic fibrosis in male Wistar Bonn/Kobori rats. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:802-10. [PMID: 18651219 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The key pathological features of chronic pancreatitis are chronic inflammation, acinar atrophy, and pancreatic fibrosis. We have previously shown that ellagic acid, a plant-derived polyphenol found in fruits and nuts, inhibited activation of pancreatic stellate cells, a major profibrogenic cell type in the pancreas, in vitro. Here we examined whether ellagic acid inhibited the development of pancreatic fibrosis in vivo. Ellagic acid was administered orally in the diet to ten-week-old male Wistar Bonn/Kobori rats, an experimental model of spontaneous chronic pancreatitis, for ten weeks. Ellagic acid (100 mg/kg body weight/day) attenuated pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis. The protective effects were confirmed by an increase in pancreatic weight and decreases in myeloperoxidase activity (an index of neutrophil infiltration), collagen content, transforming growth factor-beta1 expression, and the number of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells (activated pancreatic stellate cells) and ED-1-positive cells (macrophages/monocytes). Ellagic acid inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species in pancreatic stellate cells in response to transforming growth factor-beta1 or platelet-derived growth factor. Our results suggest that ellagic acid might be a candidate for treatment of chronic pancreatitis.
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Akcan A, Muhtaroglu S, Akgun H, Akyildiz H, Kucuk C, Sozuer E, Yurci A, Yilmaz N. Ameliorative effects of bombesin and neurotensin on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis, oxidative damage and apoptosis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:1222-30. [PMID: 18300348 PMCID: PMC2690670 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of bombesin (BBS) and neurotensin (NTS) on apoptosis and colitis in an ulcerative colitis model.
METHODS: In this study, a total of 50 rats were divided equally into 5 groups. In the control group, no colitis induction or drug administration was performed. Colitis was induced in all other groups. Following the induction of colitis, BBS, NTS or both were applied to three groups of rats. The remaining group (colitis group) received no treatment. On the 11th d after induction of colitis and drug treatment, blood samples were collected for TNF-α and IL-6 level studies. Malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 activities, as well as histopathological findings, evaluated in colonic tissues.
RESULTS: According to the macroscopic and microscopic findings, the study groups treated with BBS, NTS and BBS + NTS showed significantly lower damage and inflammation compared with the colitis group (macroscopic score, 2.1 ± 0.87, 3.7 ± 0.94 and 2.1 ± 0.87 vs 7.3 ± 0.94; microscopic score, 2.0 ± 0.66, 3.3 ± 0.82 and 1.8 ± 0.63 vs 5.2 ± 0.78, P < 0.01). TNF-α and IL-6 levels were increased significantly in all groups compared with the control group. These increases were significantly smaller in the BBS, NTS and BBS + NTS groups compared with the colitis group (TNF-α levels, 169.69 ± 53.56, 245.86 ± 64.85 and 175.54 ± 42.19 vs 556.44 ± 49.82; IL-6 levels, 443.30 ± 53.99, 612.80 ± 70.39 and 396.80 ± 78.43 vs 1505.90 ± 222.23, P < 0.05). The colonic MPO and MDA levels were significantly lower in control, BBS, NTS and BBS + NTS groups than in the colitis group (MPO levels, 24.36 ± 8.10, 40.51 ± 8.67 and 25.83 ± 6.43 vs 161.47 ± 38.24; MDA levels, 4.70 ± 1.41, 6.55 ± 1.12 and 4.51 ± 0.54 vs 15.60 ± 1.88, P < 0.05). Carbonyl content and caspase-3 levels were higher in the colitis and NTS groups than in control, BBS and BBS + NTS groups (carbonyl levels, 553.99 ± 59.58 and 336.26 ± 35.72 vs 209.76 ± 30.92, 219.76 ± 25.77 and 220.34 ± 36.95; caspase-3 levels, 451.70 ± 68.27 and 216.20 ± 28.17 vs 28.60 ± 6.46, 170.50 ± 32.37 and 166.50 ± 30.95, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest BBS and NTS, through their anti-inflammatory actions, support the maintenance of colonic integrity and merit consideration as potential agents for ameliorating colonic inflammation.
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Okayama M, Hayashi S, Aoi Y, Nishio H, Kato S, Takeuchi K. Aggravation by selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colon lesions in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:2095-103. [PMID: 17429720 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats and investigated the role of COX isozymes in the pathogenesis of this model. Experimental colitis was induced by treatment with 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 6 days. Indomethacin (a nonselective COX inhibitor), SC-560 (a selective COX-1 inhibitor), or celecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) was given PO twice daily for 6 days, during the first 3 or last 3 days of the experimental period. Daily treatment with 2.5% DSS for 6 days caused damage to the colon, with a decrease in body weight gain and colon length as well as an increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. All COX inhibitors given for 6 days significantly worsened the severity of DSS-induced colonic damage with increased MPO activity. The aggravation was also observed by SC-560 given for the first 3 days or by celecoxib given for the last 3 days. The expression of COX-2 mRNA in the colon was upregulated on day 3 during DSS treatment, with significant increase of prostaglandin E(2) PGE(2) production. The PGE(2) content on day 3 during DSS treatment was inhibited by both indomethacin and SC-560, but not by celecoxib; on day 6 it was suppressed by both indomethacin and celecoxib, but not SC-560. These results suggest that endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) afford protection against colonic ulceration, yet the COX isozyme responsible for the production of PGs differs depending on the stage of ulceration; COX-1 in the early stage and COX-2 in the late stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Okayama
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Rochat T, Bermúdez-Humarán L, Gratadoux JJ, Fourage C, Hoebler C, Corthier G, Langella P. Anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus casei BL23 producing or not a manganese-dependant catalase on DSS-induced colitis in mice. Microb Cell Fact 2007; 6:22. [PMID: 17659075 PMCID: PMC1949835 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-6-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human immune cells generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) throughout the respiratory burst that occurs during inflammation. In inflammatory bowel diseases, a sustained and abnormal activation of the immune system results in oxidative stress in the digestive tract and in a loss of intestinal homeostasis. We previously showed that the heterologous production of the Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC14431 manganese-dependant catalase (MnKat) in Lb. casei BL23 successfully enhances its survival when exposed to oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the preventive effects of this antioxidative Lb. casei strain in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced moderate colitis. Results Either Lb. casei BL23 MnKat- or MnKat+ was administered daily to mice treated with DSS for 10 days. In contrast to control mice treated with PBS for which DSS induced bleeding diarrhea and mucosal lesions, mice treated with both Lb. casei strains presented a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of caecal and colonic inflammatory scores. Conclusion No contribution of MnKat to the protective effect from epithelial damage has been observed in the tested conditions. In contrast, these results confirm the high interest of Lb. casei as an anti-inflammatory probiotic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rochat
- Unité d'Ecologie et Physiologie du Système Digestif, Centre de Recherche INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Luis Bermúdez-Humarán
- Unité d'Ecologie et Physiologie du Système Digestif, Centre de Recherche INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Gratadoux
- Unité d'Ecologie et Physiologie du Système Digestif, Centre de Recherche INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Christel Fourage
- Unité d'Ecologie et Physiologie du Système Digestif, Centre de Recherche INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Christine Hoebler
- Physiologie Intestinale, Croissance et Nutrition Humaine, UMR INRA/Université de Nantes, Rue de la Géraudière – BP 71627, 44316 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Gérard Corthier
- Unité d'Ecologie et Physiologie du Système Digestif, Centre de Recherche INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Unité d'Ecologie et Physiologie du Système Digestif, Centre de Recherche INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France
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Ratnam DV, Ankola DD, Bhardwaj V, Sahana DK, Kumar MNVR. Role of antioxidants in prophylaxis and therapy: A pharmaceutical perspective. J Control Release 2006; 113:189-207. [PMID: 16790290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 468] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are emerging as prophylactic and therapeutic agents. These are the agents, which scavenge free radicals otherwise reactive oxygen species and prevent the damage caused by them. Free radicals have been associated with pathogenesis of various disorders like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and are implicated in aging. Several antioxidants like SOD, CAT, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, lycopene, ellagic acid, coenzyme Q10, indole-3-carbinol, genistein, quercetin, vitamin C and vitamin E have been found to be pharmacologically active as prophylactic and therapeutic agents for above mentioned diseases. Antioxidants are part of diet but their bioavailability through dietary supplementation depends on several factors. This major drawback of dietary agents may be due to one or many of the several factors like poor solubility, inefficient permeability, instability due to storage of food, first pass effect and GI degradation. Conventional dosage forms may not result in efficient formulation owing to their poor biopharmaceutical properties. Principles of novel drug delivery systems need to be applied to significantly improve the performance of antioxidants. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) would also help in delivery of these antioxidants by oral route, as this route is of prime importance when antioxidants are intended for prophylactic purpose. Implication of NDDS for the delivery of antioxidants is largely governed by physicochemical characteristics, biopharmaceutical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of the antioxidant to be formulated. Recently, chemical modifications, coupling agents, liposomes, microparticles, nanoparticles and gel-based systems have been explored for the delivery of these difficult to deliver molecules. Results from several studies conducted across the globe are positive and provided us with new anticipation for the improvement of human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Venkat Ratnam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Phase-X, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Işeri SO, Sener G, Sağlam B, Gedik N, Ercan F, Yeğen BC. Oxytocin ameliorates oxidative colonic inflammation by a neutrophil-dependent mechanism. Peptides 2005; 26:483-91. [PMID: 15652655 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oxytocin (OT), a nonapeptide produced in the paraventricular and the supraoptical nuclei in the hypothalamus has a wide range of effects in the body. However, the role of OT on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has to be settled. OT may participate in the regulation of motility, secretion, blood flow, cell turnover and release of neurotransmitters and/or peptides in the GI tract, possesses antisecretory and antiulcer effects, facilitates wound healing and is involved in the modulation of immune and inflammatory processes. The present work was conducted to assess the possible therapeutic effects of OT against the acetic acid-induced colonic injury in the rat. METHODS Colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid (5%) in Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g). Either saline or OT (0.5 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously, immediately after the induction of colitis and repeated two times a day for 4 days. On the 4th day, rats were decapitated and distal 8 cm of the colon were removed for the macroscopic and microscopic damage scoring, determination of tissue wet weight index (WI), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an end product of lipid peroxidation; glutathione (GSH) levels, a key antioxidant; and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, as an indirect index of neutrophil infiltration. Colonic collagen content, as a fibrosis marker was also determined. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were assayed in serum samples. In the acetic acid-induced colitis, macroscopic and microscopic damage scores, WI, MDA and MPO levels were significantly increased, while GSH levels were decreased when compared to control group (p <0.05-<0.001). Treatment with OT abolished the colitis-induced elevations in damage scores, WI, MDA and MPO levels and restored the GSH levels (p <0.05-0.001). Similarly, acetic acid increased the collagen content of colonic tissues and OT-treatment reduced this value to the level of the control group. Serum LDH and TNF-alpha levels were also elevated in the acetic acid-induced colitis group as compared to control group, while this increase was significantly decreased by OT treatment. The results suggest that OT, which improves the antioxidative state of the colonic tissue and ameliorates oxidative colonic injury via a neutrophil-dependent mechanism, requires further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent in colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgin Ozlem Işeri
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
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Manga HM, Brkic D, Marie DEP, Quetin-Leclercq J. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 92:209-214. [PMID: 15138002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2003] [Revised: 01/27/2004] [Accepted: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) is a widely distributed plant in Africa. It is used in the traditional medicine of many African countries for the treatment of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and inflammatory disorders. Aqueous decoction and methanol leaf extracts were tested for their ability to reduce Croton oil-induced oedema in the mouse ear, after topical application. The methanol leaf extract dose-dependently inhibited the Croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice (ID(50)<500 microg/cm(2)). A bio-assay guided liquid-liquid fractionation of this methanol extract gave four active fractions: water insoluble (F1), hexane (F2), ethyl acetate (F3) and water (F4). The hexane fraction showed a very high activity (42% inhibition at 0.7 microg/cm(2)) as compared to the control. The other fractions were less active (F1: 56% at 506.2 microg/cm(2); F3: 57% at 289.3 microg/cm(2); F4: 32% for 203.8 microg/cm(2)) while indomethacin gave 49% of inhibition at 90 microg/cm(2). The activity of F1 and F3 may be at least in part explained by the presence of anti-inflammatory flavonoids (hyperoside and quercitrin, quercitrin being identified in the plant for the first time) while the activity was not correlated to the tannin contents. None of these compounds were detected in the most active F2 fraction. These results support the reported traditional use of this plant against topical inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mavar Manga
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Unité CHAM 72.30, Ecole de Pharmacie, UCL, Av. E. Mounier 72, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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