1
|
Kukuia KKE, Torbi J, Amoateng P, Adutwum-Ofosu KK, Koomson AE, Appiah F, Tagoe TA, Mensah JA, Ameyaw EO, Adi-Dako O, Amponsah SK. Gestational iron supplementation reverses depressive-like behavior in post-partum Sprague Dawley rats: Evidence from behavioral and neurohistological studies. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:280-296. [PMID: 35746978 PMCID: PMC9210498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that affects about 9–20% of women after child birth. Reports suggest that gestational iron deficiency can cause a deficit in behavioral, cognitive and affective functions and can precipitate depressive symptoms in mothers during the postpartum period. The present study examined the effect of iron supplementation on depressive behavior during postpartum period in a rat model. Method Female Sprague-Dawley rats were crossed. Pregnant rats received iron, fluoxetine, desferrioxamine or vehicle throughout the period of gestation. During the postpartum period, mothers from all groups were taken through the open field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST), novelty-induced hypophagia (NIH) and sacrificed for histological examination of the brains. Results Results showed that rats treated with iron-chelating agent, desferrioxamine, and vehicle during gestation exhibited increased immobility scores in the FST, increased latency to feed and reduced feeding in the NIH with corresponding decreased number of neurons and dendritic branches in the cortex of the brain. These depression-related effects were attenuated by perinatal iron supplementation which showed decreased immobility scores in the FST comparable to rats treated with fluoxetine, a clinically effective antidepressant. Iron treatment also decreased latency to feeding while increasing feeding behavior in the NIH. Iron-treated dams had a higher number of neurons with dendritic connections in the frontal cortex compared to vehicle- and desferrioxamine-treated groups. Conclusion The results suggest that, iron supplementation during gestation exerts an antidepressant-like effect in postpartum Sprague-Dawley rats, attenuates neuronal loss associated with depression and increases dendritic spine density. Iron supplementation during gestation exerts an antidepressant-like effect in postpartum Sprague-Dawley rats. Iron supplementation during gestation attenuates neuronal loss associated with depression. Iron-treated dams had a higher number of neurons with dendritic connections in the frontal cortex.
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin YE, Chen YC, Lu KH, Huang YJ, Panyod S, Liu WT, Yang SH, Lu YS, Chen MH, Sheen LY. Antidepressant-like effects of water extract of Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link by modulation of ROCK2/PTEN/Akt signaling in an unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced animal model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114194. [PMID: 33974945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link (CM) is a medicinal mushroom traditionally used in tonics for treating several neurological disorders, including epilepsy and anxiety, in Asia. Reports have shown that CM has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects and may be beneficial for depression management. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the potential of CM as an antidepressant for a long-term unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) rodent models and explore its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were orally administered with 125 (low, L), 250 (medium, M), and 500 (high, H) mg/kg bodyweight (bw) of the water extract of CM (WCM) for 35 consecutive days in the UCMS protocol. The levels of cerebral serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and metabolites in the frontal cortex of the rats were measured. Blood was collected to investigate the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and the brain was dissected to assay the stress-associated ROCK2/PTEN/Akt signaling. RESULTS All doses of the WCM prevented abnormal behaviors induced by UCMS, including anhedonia and hypoactivity. The LWCM treatment reduced the turnover rate of 5-HT, and all doses of the WCM reduced the turnover rate of DA in the frontal cortex. The LWCM also attenuated the elevation of serum IL-1β induced by chronic stress. All doses of the WCM attenuated the ROCK2 protein hyperactivation, and the LWCM further increased the down-regulation of p-Akt/Akt signaling. CONCLUSION The WCM has antidepressant-like effects, which may result from the regulation of the stress-related ROCK2/PTEN/Akt pathway. Therefore, the WCM may be developed and used for the complementary treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-En Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ting Liu
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hui Yang
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Sheng Lu
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hsing Chen
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nicolussi S, Drewe J, Butterweck V, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE. Clinical relevance of St. John's wort drug interactions revisited. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1212-1226. [PMID: 31742659 PMCID: PMC7056460 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The first clinically relevant reports of preparations of St. John's wort (SJW), a herbal medicine with anti‐depressant effects, interacting with other drugs, altering their bioavailability and efficacy, were published about 20 years ago. In 2000, a pharmacokinetic interaction between SJW and cyclosporine caused acute rejection in two heart transplant patients. Since then, subsequent research has shown that SJW altered the pharmacokinetics of drugs such as digoxin, tacrolimus, indinavir, warfarin, alprazolam, simvastatin, or oral contraceptives. These interactions were caused by pregnane‐X‐receptor (PXR) activation. Preparations of SJW are potent activators of PXR and hence inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes (most importantly CYP3A4) and P‐glycoprotein. The degree of CYP3A4 induction correlates significantly with the hyperforin content in the preparation. Twenty years after the first occurrence of clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug interactions with SJW, this review revisits the current knowledge of the mechanisms of action and on how pharmacokinetic drug interactions with SJW could be avoided. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Nicolussi
- Medical Research, Max Zeller Söhne AG, Romanshorn, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Drewe
- Medical Research, Max Zeller Söhne AG, Romanshorn, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hou W, Singh RK, Zhao P, Martins V, Aguilar E, Canto T, Tenllado F, Dias ACP. Transgenic expression of Hyp-1 gene from Hypericum perforatum L. alters expression of defense-related genes and modulates recalcitrance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PLANTA 2019; 251:13. [PMID: 31776675 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Phenolic oxidative coupling protein (Hyp-1) isolated from Hypericum perforatum L. was characterized as a defense gene involved in H. perforatum recalcitrance to Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation Hypericum perforatum L. is a reservoir of high-value secondary metabolites of increasing interest to researchers and to the pharmaceutical industry. However, improving their production via genetic manipulation is a challenging task, as H. perforatum is recalcitrant to Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Here, phenolic oxidative coupling protein (Hyp-1), a pathogenesis-related (PR) class 10 family gene, was selected from a subtractive cDNA library from A. tumefaciens-treated H. perforatum suspension cells. The role of Hyp-1 in defense against A. tumefaciens was analyzed in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum and Lactuca sativa overexpressing Hyp-1, and in Catharanthus roseus silenced for its homologous Hyp-1 gene, CrIPR. Results showed that Agrobacterium-mediated expression efficiency greatly decreased in Hyp-1 transgenic plants. However, silencing of CrIPR induced CrPR-5 expression and decreased expression efficiency of Agrobacterium. The expression of core genes involved in several defense pathways was also analyzed in Hyp-1 transgenic tobacco plants. Overexpression of Hyp-1 led to an ample down-regulation of key genes involved in auxin signaling, microRNA-based gene silencing, detoxification of reactive oxygen species, phenylpropanoid pathway and PRs. Moreover, Hyp-1 was detected in the nucleus, plasma membrane and the cytoplasm of epidermal cells by confocal microscopy. Overall, our findings suggest Hyp-1 modulates recalcitrance to A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation in H. perforatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Hou
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rupesh Kumar Singh
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Viviana Martins
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel Aguilar
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Canto
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Tenllado
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Carlos Pires Dias
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- Center of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Antidepressant-like activity of hyperforin and changes in BDNF and zinc levels in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112045. [PMID: 31220487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) - a rodent model of depression mimics a variety of neurochemical and behavioral alterations similar to those seen in human depression. This study evaluated the antidepressant activity of hyperforin in the CUMS model using fluoxetine (FLX) as a reference drug. The antidepressant-like effects of hyperforin and FLX were evaluated in the tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), and splash test (SPT). CUMS induced an increase in immobility time in mice (pro-depressive effects) in the FST and TST. CUMS-induced changes were reversed by chronic treatment with hyperforin (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), as well as FLX (10 mg/kg). SPT results revealed a decrease in the frequency and duration of grooming in stressed mice. These effects were normalized by hyperforin (5 mg/kg) and FLX treatment. Hyperforin (2.5 mg/kg) only reversed the CUMS-induced deficits related to the frequency of grooming. CUMS also caused a decrease in zinc concentration in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (Hp) of mice; hyperforin (2.5 mg/kg) increased zinc concentration in the Hp of control rats. CUMS also induced a decrease in BDNF protein levels in the FC and Hp, while decreasing the pCREB/CREB ratio only in the Hp. Hyperforin (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) reversed the CUMS-induced reduction of BDNF only in the Hp. Our results demonstrate the antidepressant-like activity of hyperforin in the CUMS model in mice and the possible involvement of hippocampal BDNF/zinc alterations in this activity.
Collapse
|
6
|
Marín-Loaiza J, Mejía-Agudelo L, Rojas M, Guerrero-Pabón M, Ramos F, Castellanos L. Antidepressant-like effects of methanol extract and fractions of Hypericum juniperinum kunth in the forced swimming test. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_341_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
7
|
Di Pierro F, Risso P, Settembre R. Role in depression of a multi-fractionated versus a conventional Hypericum perforatum extract. Panminerva Med 2018; 60:156-160. [DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.18.03518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
8
|
Prenylated β-diketones, two new additions to the family of biologically active Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) secondary metabolites. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:505-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
Coelho VR, Prado LS, Rossato RR, Ferraz ABF, Vieira CG, de Souza LP, Pfluger P, Regner GG, Valle MTC, Leal MB, Dallegrave E, Corrêa DS, Picada JN, Pereira P. A 28-day Sub-acute Genotoxic and Behavioural Assessment of Garcinielliptone FC. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:207-212. [PMID: 29575551 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Garcinielliptone FC (GFC) is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone isolated from Platonia insignis Mart (Clusiaceae) with promising anticonvulsant properties. However, its safe use and other effects on the central nervous system require assessment. This study assessed the toxicological effects of GFC using the comet assay and the micronucleus test in mice treated for 28 days. A behavioural model was employed to detect possible injuries on the central nervous system. Mice treated with GFC (2, 10 and 20 mg/kg; i.p.) daily for 28 days were submitted to rotarod test, open-field test and tail suspension test (TST). After the behaviour tasks, biological samples were assessed to evaluate genotoxic and mutagenic effects using the comet assay and the micronucleus test. Garcinielliptone FC did not impair the performance of the animals in the rotarod and open-field tests, with no antidepressant-like effect in TST. No genotoxic effects in blood and cerebral cortex were observable in the comet assay; however, there was a significant increase in index and frequency of damage in liver after treatment with GFC 20 mg/kg. Garcinielliptone FC did not increase micronucleus frequency in bone marrow. At the tested doses, GFC was not toxic to the CNS and did not induce genotoxic damage to blood or bone narrow cells. DNA damage to liver tissue was caused only by the highest dose, although no mutagenic potential was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Coelho
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lismare S Prado
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil, Farroupilha, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Raíssa R Rossato
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Farroupilha, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B F Ferraz
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Farroupilha, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Caroline G Vieira
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luana P de Souza
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pricila Pfluger
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G Regner
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marina T C Valle
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Sciences of the Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mirna B Leal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Sciences of the Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Sciences of the Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dione S Corrêa
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Lutheran University of Brazil, Farroupilha, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline N Picada
- Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil, Farroupilha, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Sciences Institute of Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The effects of Hypericum perforatum, a plant with antidepressant action, were evaluated in models of abnormal movements in rats, brought about by administration of fluphenazine or reserpine. The number of vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) and locomotor activity (the number of crossings and rears in the open field test) were measured. In experiment 1, rats received a single administration of fluphenazine enanthate (25 mg/kg, intramuscular) and/or daily treatment with H. perforatum (300 mg/kg, in place of drinking water) for 7 days. Fluphenazine increased VCMs and decreased locomotor activity. H. perforatum had no effect on either the number of VCMs or the locomotor activity. In experiment 2, rats received reserpine every 2 days for 6 days (0.5 mg/kg, subcutaneous) and/or H. perforatum (300 mg/kg, in place of drinking water) daily for 16 days beginning 10 days before the first administration of reserpine. Reserpine treatment increased VCMs and decreased locomotor activity. H. perforatum had no effect on either the number of VCMs or the number of rears but did prevent the effect of reserpine on the number of crossings. In conclusion, H. perforatum failed to protect against orofacial movements induced by fluphenazine or reserpine in rats.
Collapse
|
11
|
Molecularly imprinted polymer for specific extraction of hypericin from Hypericum perforatum L. herbal extract. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 98:210-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
12
|
Antidepressant-like effects of omega-3 fatty acids in postpartum model of depression in rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 271:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
13
|
Antidepressant-like activity of adhyperforin, a novel constituent of Hypericum perforatum L. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5632. [PMID: 25005489 PMCID: PMC4088061 DOI: 10.1038/srep05632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhyperforin is a novel constituent of Hypericum perforatum L., but its antidepressant-like activity remains unclear. To explore that, several well-validated animal models of depression as well as neurotransmitter reuptake and transporter binding assays were conducted. The results showed adhyperforin could reduce the immobility time of mice in the forced swimming test and tail suspension assay, antagonize the behaviors induced by reserpine, and have no effect on locomotor activity. Furthermore, following establishment of a chronic unpredictable mild stress model, adhyperforin increased the number of crossings and rearings in rats in the open field test and increased the sucrose consumption. Finally, adhyperforin inhibited uptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, and displayed robust binding affinities for the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. Overall, the current study provides the first evidence that adhyperforin is a novel, active ingredient of Hypericum perforatum L. with robust antidepressant-like activity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Di Pierro F. Roles of chemical complexity and evolutionary theory in some hepatic and intestinal enzymatic systems in chemical reproducibility and clinical efficiency of herbal derivatives. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:732045. [PMID: 24977222 PMCID: PMC3997956 DOI: 10.1155/2014/732045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great marketing success, most physicians attribute poor efficacy to herbals. This perception is due to two situations that are an integral part of the herbal topic. The first is the poor phytochemical reproducibility obtained during the production process of herbal extracts, as herbal extracts are not always standardized in the whole manufacturing process, but only in their titer. The second problem is linked to the evolution of important enzymatic systems: cytochromes and ABC proteins. They are both enzyme classes with detoxifying properties and seem to have evolved from the molecular mould provided by active plant substances. During the evolution, as still happens today, polyphenols, saponins, terpenes, and alkaloids were ingested together with food. They do not possess any nutritional value but seem to be provided with a potential pharmacological activity. Cytochromes and ABC proteins, which evolved over time to detoxify food from vegetable chemical "actives," now seem to limit the action of herbal derivatives. The comprehension of these 2 events may explain the origin of the widespread scepticism of physicians about herbal medicine and suggests that, after correct herbal standardization, use of antagonists of cytochromes and ABC systems will make it possible to recover their pharmacological potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Pierro
- Scientific Department, Velleja Research, Viale Lunigiana 23, 20125, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Drozdov AL, Beleneva IA, Lepeshkin FD, Krutikova AA, Ustinovich KB, Pokrovskii OI, Parenago OO. The effect of St. John’s wort supercritical extract and hyperforin solution on biological subjects. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793113070063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Mozaffari S, Esmaily H, Rahimi R, Baeeri M, Sanei Y, Asadi-Shahmirzadi A, Salehi-Surmaghi MH, Abdollahi M. Effects of Hypericum perforatum extract on rat irritable bowel syndrome. Pharmacogn Mag 2012. [PMID: 21969792 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT In irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), disturbance of bowel motility is associated with infiltration of inflammatory mediators and cytokines into the intestine, such as neutrophils, myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α), and lipid peroxide. AIMS Regarding promising anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Hypericum perforatum (HP) extract, besides its anti-depressant effect, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of HP in an experimental model of IBS. SETTINGS AND DESIGN IBS was induced by a 5-day restraint stress in rats. The HP extract was administered by gavage in doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg for 26 days. Fluoxetine and loperamide were used as positive controls. Gastric emptying and small bowel and colon transit, besides the levels of TNF-α, MPO, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant power, were determined in colon homogenates. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS A significant reduction in small bowel and colonic transit (450 mg/kg), TNF-α, MPO, and lipid peroxidation and an increase in antioxidant power in all HP-treated groups (150, 300, and 450 mg/kg) were seen as compared with the control group. Gastric emptying did not alter significantly when compared with the control group. Treatment with loperamide (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited gastric emptying and small bowel and colonic transit, while flouxetine (10 mg/kg) decreased gastric emptying, TNF-α, MPO, and lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant power of the samples in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSIONS HP diminished the recruitment of inflammatory cells and TNF-α following restraint stress not in a dose-dependent manner, possibly via inhibition of MPO activity and increasing colon antioxidant power, without any difference with fluoxetine. The HP extract inhibits small bowel and colonic transit acceleration like loperamide but has minimal effect on gastric emptying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Mozaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yaşar ŞN, Can ÖD, Öztürk N, Sagratini G, Ricciutelli M, Vittori S, Maggi F. Central Nervous System Activities of Hypericum origanifolium
Extract via GABAergic and Opioidergic Mechanisms. Phytother Res 2012; 27:877-84. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Şahin Nuri Yaşar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology; Anadolu University; 26470 Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology; Anadolu University; 26470 Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Nilgün Öztürk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy; Anadolu University; 26470 Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- School of Pharmacy; University of Camerino; 62032 Camerino Italy
| | | | - Sauro Vittori
- School of Pharmacy; University of Camerino; 62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy; University of Camerino; 62032 Camerino Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kaurav BPS, Wanjari MM, Chandekar A, Chauhan NS, Upmanyu N. Influence of Withania somnifera on obsessive compulsive disorder in mice. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:380-4. [PMID: 22546655 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the influence of methanolic and aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) root on the marble-burying behavior of mice a well-accepted model of obsessive compulsive behavior. METHODS Mice were divided in different groups (n = 6). Fluoxetine (5, 10, 15 mg/kg), (10, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg) and methanolic extract W. somnifera (MEWS) (10, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg) were administered i.p. 30 min. prior to the assessment of marble burying behavior and locomotor activity. The control group received vehicle of the extract. RESULTS Administration of aqueous extracts W. somnifera (AEWS) and MEWS (50 mg/kg) successively decreased the marble burying behavior activity without affecting motor activity. This effect of AEWS and MEWS was comparable to standard fluoxetine, ritanserin and parachlorophenylalanine. CONCLUSIONS W. somnifera extract is effective in treating obsessive compulsive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu P S Kaurav
- Department of Pharmacology, R.K.D.F. College of Pharmacy, Bhopal M.P. India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen PJ, Hsieh CL, Su KP, Hou YC, Chiang HM, Sheen LY. Rhizomes of Gastrodia elata BL Possess Antidepressant-Like Effect via Monoamine Modulation in Subchronic Animal Model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 37:1113-24. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09007533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that affects over 10% of individuals. However there is no desirable therapeutic approach nowadays. Thus, looking for an alternative treatment is important. The objectives of this study are to investigate the antidepressant effects of the rhizomes of Gastradia elata BL, a traditional Chinese medicine, in the animal model forced-swimming test (FST), and to analyze the monoamine content in the rats' brain regions in order to better understand the possible mechanisms of the water extract of the rhizomes of Gastrodia elata BL (WGE). Subchronic administration of 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg bw WGE by gavage for 21 consecutive days significantly reduced the immobility duration of rats in the test session of FST as compared to the control group (p < 0.05), with the equivalent effects as the antidepressant drug fluoxetine. The concentration of serotonin (5-HT) in the frontal cortex and dopamine (DA) in striatum were significantly increased after WGE administration (p < 0.05). The ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT and (DOPAC + HVA)/DA, i.e. the turnover of 5-HT and DA respectively, were also significantly lowered in WGE groups (p < 0.05). In summary, the present study showed that the WGE possesses antidepressant-like effect on rats in the animal model FST, and the possible mechanism may be via regulating both the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hou
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Food and Molecules, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Can ÖD, Ismail IB, Öztürk Y, Öztürk N, Potoğlu-Erkara İ, Sagratini G, Ricciutelli M, Vittori S, Maggi F. New antidepressant drug candidate:Hypericum montbrettiextract. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:1469-72. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.557800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
21
|
Mozaffari S, Esmaily H, Rahimi R, Baeeri M, Sanei Y, Asadi-Shahmirzadi A, Salehi-Surmaghi MH, Abdollahi M. Effects of Hypericum perforatum extract on rat irritable bowel syndrome. Pharmacogn Mag 2011; 7:213-23. [PMID: 21969792 PMCID: PMC3173896 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.84235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT In irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), disturbance of bowel motility is associated with infiltration of inflammatory mediators and cytokines into the intestine, such as neutrophils, myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α), and lipid peroxide. AIMS Regarding promising anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Hypericum perforatum (HP) extract, besides its anti-depressant effect, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of HP in an experimental model of IBS. SETTINGS AND DESIGN IBS was induced by a 5-day restraint stress in rats. The HP extract was administered by gavage in doses of 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg for 26 days. Fluoxetine and loperamide were used as positive controls. Gastric emptying and small bowel and colon transit, besides the levels of TNF-α, MPO, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant power, were determined in colon homogenates. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS A significant reduction in small bowel and colonic transit (450 mg/kg), TNF-α, MPO, and lipid peroxidation and an increase in antioxidant power in all HP-treated groups (150, 300, and 450 mg/kg) were seen as compared with the control group. Gastric emptying did not alter significantly when compared with the control group. Treatment with loperamide (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited gastric emptying and small bowel and colonic transit, while flouxetine (10 mg/kg) decreased gastric emptying, TNF-α, MPO, and lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidant power of the samples in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSIONS HP diminished the recruitment of inflammatory cells and TNF-α following restraint stress not in a dose-dependent manner, possibly via inhibition of MPO activity and increasing colon antioxidant power, without any difference with fluoxetine. The HP extract inhibits small bowel and colonic transit acceleration like loperamide but has minimal effect on gastric emptying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Mozaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Esmaily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yara Sanei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Asadi-Shahmirzadi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Salehi-Surmaghi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Idayu NF, Hidayat MT, Moklas MAM, Sharida F, Raudzah ARN, Shamima AR, Apryani E. Antidepressant-like effect of mitragynine isolated from Mitragyna speciosa Korth in mice model of depression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:402-407. [PMID: 20869223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitragyna speciosa Korth. leaves have been used for decades as a traditional medicine to treat diarrhea, diabetes and to improve blood circulation by natives of Malaysia, Thailand and other regions of Southeast Asia. Mitragynine is the major active alkaloid in the plant. To date, the role of mitragynine in psychological disorders such as depression is not scientifically evaluated. Hence, the present investigation evaluates the antidepressant effect of mitragynine in the mouse forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), two models predictive of antidepressant activity and the effect of mitragynine towards neuroendocrine system of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by measuring the corticosterone concentration of mice exposed to FST and TST. An open-field test (OFT) was used to detect any association of immobility in the FST and TST with changes in motor activity of mice treated with mitragynine. In the present study, mitragynine at dose of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg i.p. injected significantly reduced the immobility time of mice in both FST and TST without any significant effect on locomotor activity in OFT. Moreover, mitragynine significantly reduced the released of corticosterone in mice exposed to FST and TST at dose of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg. Overall, the present study clearly demonstrated that mitragynine exerts an antidepressant effect in animal behavioral model of depression (FST and TST) and the effect appears to be mediated by an interaction with neuroendocrine HPA axis systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Farah Idayu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hokkanen J, Tolonen A, Mattila S, Turpeinen M. Metabolism of hyperforin, the active constituent of St. John's wort, in human liver microsomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 42:273-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
24
|
Zdunić G, Gođevac D, Šavikin K, Novaković M, Milosavljević S, Petrović S. Isolation and identification of phenolic compounds fromHypericum richeriVill. and their antioxidant capacity. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:175-87. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410802401390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
Fiebich BL, Knörle R, Appel K, Kammler T, Weiss G. Pharmacological studies in an herbal drug combination of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) and passion flower (Passiflora incarnata): in vitro and in vivo evidence of synergy between Hypericum and Passiflora in antidepressant pharmacological models. Fitoterapia 2010; 82:474-80. [PMID: 21185920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of Hypericum, Passiflora and Valeriana are used for the treatment of mild depression and anxiety. We were interested whether a combination of Hypericum and Passiflora exerts comparable effects to Hypericum alone. We used two well-established models for investigating extracts for their anti-depressant activity, namely the effects on synaptic uptake of serotonin and the forced-swimming-test. We show here for the first time, that Passiflora significantly enhances the pharmacological potency of Hypericum in both models. Our data suggest that anti-depressive therapeutic effects of Hypericum are possible with lower doses, when it is combined with Passiflora, than with mono-preparations of Hypericum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd L Fiebich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
da Conceição AO, Takser L, Lafond J. Effect of St. John's Wort Standardized Extract and Hypericin on In Vitro Placental Calcium Transport. J Med Food 2010; 13:934-42. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Oliveira da Conceição
- Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- BioMedical Research Center, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Society Health, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julie Lafond
- Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- BioMedical Research Center, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Institute of Society Health, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nahrstedt A, Butterweck V. Lessons learned from herbal medicinal products: the example of St. John's Wort (perpendicular). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1015-21. [PMID: 20408551 DOI: 10.1021/np1000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The example of St. John's wort offers convincing evidence for the concept that modern methods of pharmacological and phytochemical research are effective in advancing the development of traditional herbal remedies. As a consequence of these efforts, it is known today that several compounds from different structural groups and with different mechanisms of action seem to be responsible for the observed antidepressant efficacy of St. John's Wort. Co-effectors in the extract improve the bioavailability of active constituents such as hypericin (1) (pharmacokinetic synergy). Unwanted side effects are preventable without remarkable loss of activity when the responsible constituent(s) are carefully removed during the extraction process, as demonstrated for hyperforin (3), which is responsible for the induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-metabolizing enzymes (CYP3A4, in particular). On the basis of our findings, it is likely that positive interactions between single compounds occur more frequently in traditionally used herbal preparations than is known presently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Nahrstedt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat, D-48149 Munster, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang D, Bai J, Sun F, Yang D. Chemical constituents and antidepressant activity of the new species Hypericum enshiense occurring in China. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:410-413. [PMID: 19699627 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum enshiense L. H. Wu et F. S. Wang is a new species of Hypericum occurring in China, which was first identified and denominated by our laboratory. No research has been reported on the antidepressant activity and chemical constituents of this new species. In this study, the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the chemical constituents in the hydroalcoholic extract of this species were performed using HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS online method. Hypericin, pseudohypericin and some flavonoids were identified or tentatively identified. Furthermore, H. enshiense had a high content of hypericins than H. perforatum. In addition, the antidepressant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the species was investigated using forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The extract significantly shortened the immobility time in FST and TST, while did not alter the locomoter activity of mice. These results suggested for the first time that the hydroalcoholic extract of H. enshiense might possess potential antidepressant-like activity in the animal behavioral models, and this species might act as a new potential resource for developing antidepressants to treat depressive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang Y, Shi X, Qi Z. Hypericin prolongs action potential duration in hippocampal neurons by acting on K+ channels. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 159:1402-7. [PMID: 20233218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00513.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Synaptic deficiency is generally accepted to be involved in major depression, and accordingly classic antidepressants exert their effects through enhancing synaptic efficiency. Hypericin is one of the major active constituents of extracts of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) with antidepressive actions, but little is known about its therapeutic mechanisms. Our aim was to explore whether hypericin has a modulatory effect on neuronal action potential (AP) duration by acting on voltage-gated ion channels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used voltage-clamp and current-clamp techniques in a whole-cell configuration to study primary cultures of neonatal rat hippocampal neurones. We measured the effects of extracellularly applied hypericin on AP duration as well as on voltage-gated Na(+), I(A) and I(K) currents. KEY RESULTS Extracellularly applied hypericin dose-dependently increased AP duration but barely affected its amplitude. Further analysis revealed that hypericin inhibited both transient I(A) and delayed rectifier I(K) potassium currents. In contrast, hypericin exerted no significant effect on both Na(+) peak current and its decay kinetics. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Extracellularly applied hypericin increased AP duration, which might be ascribed to its effect on I(A) and I(K) currents. As a small increase in AP duration could lead to a dramatic increase in synaptic efficiency, our results imply that hypericin might exert its antidepressant effects by enhancing presynaptic efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hirano K, Kato Y, Uchida S, Sugimoto Y, Yamada J, Umegaki K, Yamada S. Effects of oral administration of extracts of Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) on brain serotonin transporter, serotonin uptake and behaviour in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 56:1589-95. [PMID: 15563766 DOI: 10.1211/0022357045039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of extracts of Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) were characterized in-vitro and ex-vivo, in relation to its behavioural effects. In in-vitro experiments, St John's wort inhibited brain synaptosomal [3H]serotonin uptake in mice with little effect on specific [3H]paroxetine binding. For selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the IC50 value for [3H]serotonin uptake (molar concentration of unlabelled drug necessary to displace 50% of specific uptake) correlated well with the inhibition constant Ki value for [3H]paroxetine binding in mouse brain. Oral administration of St John's wort (900 mg kg−1), paroxetine (1 mg kg−1) and sertraline (10 mg kg−1) brought about significant increases in the Km value for [3H]serotonin uptake into brain synaptosomes 4 h later, and only SSRIs suppressed specific [3H]paroxetine binding in mouse brain. St John's wort and SSRIs significantly inhibited marble-burying behaviour in mice and the time-course of attenuation of this behaviour by St John's wort was similar to that of [3H]serotonin uptake inhibition. In the forced swimming test, St John's wort, but not SSRIs, suppressed the immobility time of mice after oral administration. These results provide the first in-vivo evidence to suggest that the mode of antidepressant action of St John's wort differs from that of SSRIs. Thus, this study may have a significant impact on phytotherapy with St John's wort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Hirano
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences and COE Program in the 21st Century, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hypericins as potential leads for new therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:562-94. [PMID: 20386655 PMCID: PMC2852855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11020562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
70 years have passed since the first isolation of the naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin from Hypericum perforatum L. Today, they continue to be one of the most promising group of polyphenols, as they fascinate with their physical, chemical and important biological properties which derive from their unique chemical structure. Hypericins and their derivatives have been extensively studied mainly for their antitumor, antiviral and antidepressant properties. Notably, hypericin is one of the most potent naturally occurring photodynamic agents. It is able to generate the superoxide anion and a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen that are considered to be primarily responsible for its biological effects. The prooxidant photodynamic properties of hypericin have been exploited for the photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT), as hypericin, in combination with light, very effectively induces apoptosis and/or necrosis of cancer cells. The mechanism by which these activities are expressed continues to be a main topic of discussion, but according to scientific data, different modes of action (generation of ROS & singlet oxygen species, antiangiogenesis, immune responces) and multiple molecular pathways (intrinsic/extrinsic apoptotic pathway, ERK inhibition) possibly interrelating are implicated. The aim of this review is to analyse the most recent advances (from 2005 and thereof) in the chemistry and biological activities (in vitro and in vivo) of the pure naphthodianthrones, hypericin and pseudohypericin from H. perforatum. Extracts from H. perforatum were not considered, nor pharmakokinetic or clinical data. Computerised literature searches were performed using the Medline (PubMed), ChemSciFinder and Scirus Library databases. No language restrictions were imposed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Karioti A, Vincieri FF, Bilia AR. Rapid and efficient purification of naphthodianthrones from St. John's wort extract by using liquid-liquid extraction and SEC. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1374-82. [PMID: 19360729 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin and pseudohypericin, the main naphthodianthrones present in Hypericum species are among the most promising natural products, but the research concerning their biological activities is hindered by their low content in the plant. In this paper a method for the rapid isolation of hypericin and pseudohypericin from Hypericum perforatum hydro-alcoholic dried extracts has been developed. Briefly, the method consists of a partition of the extract between organic and aqueous layers and further purification of the richest extract in naphthodianthrones with Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. A final separation of hypericin from pseudohypericin was achieved using Sephadex LH-60 column chromatography. All partitions were carried out in triplicate and monitored by LC-MS and NMR analyses. The best results were obtained by successive extraction with n-hexane, Et(2)O and EtOAc. A three-step fractionation resulted in 98% content in total naphthodianthrones. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the separation of hypericin from pseudohypericin using size exclusion chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Karioti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sánchez-Mateo CC, Bonkanka CX, Rabanal RM. Hypericum grandifolium Choisy: a species native to Macaronesian Region with antidepressant effect. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 121:297-303. [PMID: 19041704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Various species of Hypericum genus have been used in the Canary Islands as sedative, diuretic, vermifuge, wound healing, antihysteric and antidepressant agent. Studies have shown that methanol extract of Hypericum grandifolium Choisy is active in tetrabenazine-induced ptosis and forced swimming tests. In the current study, the aqueous, butanol and chloroform fractions obtained from the methanol extract as well as three sub-fractions derived from the chloroform fraction were evaluated for their central nervous effects in mice, particularly their antidepressant activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The central nervous effect of different fractions and sub-fractions of Hypericum grandifolium was evaluated in mice using various behavioural models including locomotor and muscle relaxant activity, forced swimming test, effect on normal body temperature, barbiturate-induced sleep, tetrabenazine-induced syndrome and 5-hydroxytryptohan-induced head twitches and syndrome. RESULTS We found that the butanol and chloroform fractions and all sub-fractions showed an antidepressant effect in the forced swimming test, the chloroform fraction being the most active. They produced no effects or only a slight depression of locomotor activity. Chloroform fraction significantly increased the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, produced a slight but significant hypothermia and antagonized tetrabenazine-induced ptosis, whereas the butanol fraction produced a slight potentiation of 5-HTP-induced head twitches and syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The present results, together with previous pharmacological and phytochemical data, indicated that Hypericum grandifolium possess antidepressant-like effects in mice and that different constituents, such as the flavonoids and the benzophenone derivatives, could be responsible at least in part for the antidepressant effects observed for this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Sánchez-Mateo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Butterweck V, Derendorf H. Potential of pharmacokinetic profiling for detecting herbal interactions with drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 2008; 47:383-97. [PMID: 18479173 DOI: 10.2165/00003088-200847060-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The issue of herb-drug interactions has generated significant concern within the pharmaceutical industry and among regulatory authorities in recent years. Therefore, accurate models of predicting metabolic herb-drug interactions would be useful tools in efforts to avoid toxic adverse events. However, the majority of pharmacokinetic interactions listed for herbal medicinal products are based on theoretical predictions of the in vitro pharmacological effects of known constituents, which do not necessarily have to be the active ingredients. The prediction of herb-drug interactions is further complicated by the fact that pharmacokinetic data on active or (at least) known ingredients are often not available. The present article discusses the potential of pharmacokinetic profiling for detecting herb-drug interactions, using the most frequently cited interactions in the literature as examples. In particular, common mechanisms of herb-drug interactions are summarized, and the available experimental methods for detecting such interactions, as well as the limitations of these models, are critically evaluated. In addition, we discuss the question of whether the existing methods of detecting herb-drug interactions correlate with the clinical relevance. Effective screening tools that accurately predict metabolic herb-drug interactions would offer a tremendous advantage because it is not possible to study all potential herb-drug interactions in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Butterweck
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Although very few drugs are currently approved by regulatory authorities for treating multi-factorial ailments and disorders of cognition such as Alzheimer's disease, certain plant-derived agents, including, for example, galantamine and rivastigmine (a semi-synthetic derivative of physostigmine) are finding an application in modern medicine. However, in Ayurveda, the Indian traditional system of medicine which is more than 5000 years old, selected plants have long been classified as 'medhya rasayanas', from the Sanskrit words 'medhya', meaning intellect or cognition, and 'rasayana', meaning 'rejuvenation'. These plants are used both in herbal and conventional medicine and offer benefits that pharmaceutical drugs lack. In the present article, an attempt has been made to review the most important medicinal plants, including Ginkgo biloba, St John's wort, Kava-kava, Valerian, Bacopa monniera and Convolvulus pluricaulis, which are widely used for their reputed effectiveness in CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang Y, Jin Y, Zhou C, Qu H, Cheng Y. Discovering active compounds from mixture of natural products by data mining approach. Med Biol Eng Comput 2008; 46:605-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-008-0323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
37
|
Butterweck V, Schmidt M. St. John's wort: role of active compounds for its mechanism of action and efficacy. Wien Med Wochenschr 2007; 157:356-61. [PMID: 17704987 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-007-0440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L., SJW) contains numerous compounds with documented biological activity. Constituents that have stimulated the most interest include the naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin, a broad range of flavonoids, and the phloroglucinols hyperforin and adhyperforin. According to the actual state of scientific knowledge the total extract has to be considered as the active substance. Although there are some open questions, the bulk of data suggests that several groups of active compounds are contributing to the antidepressant efficacy of the plant extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Butterweck
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Uzbay IT, Coskun I, Kayir H, Ozturk N, Ozturk Y. Extract of Hypericum perforatum blocks caffeine-induced locomotor activity in mice: a possible role of nitric oxide. Phytother Res 2007; 21:415-9. [PMID: 17236177 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of HPE on caffeine-induced locomotor activity in mice. Caffeine (4-16 mg/kg) or saline were given to adult male Swiss-Webster mice, and the locomotor activity was immediately measured for 30 min. HPE (6-48 mg/kg) and saline were injected to another group of mice and the locomotor activity was measured 20 min later. HPE (6-24 mg/kg) was also administered to another group of mice 20 min before caffeine (16 mg/kg) injections and the locomotor activity was recorded for 30 min immediately after caffeine administrations. Finally l-arginine (1 g/kg) was administered i.p. 20 min before HPE (6 mg/kg) and the locomotor activity was measured as mentioned above. Each group of mice was used only once. Caffeine produced some significant increases in locomotor activity of the mice. HPE (6-24 mg/kg) significantly blocked the caffeine-induced locomotor hyperactivity. Pretreatment of l-arginine (1 g/kg) reversed the inhibitory effect of HPE (6 mg/kg) on caffeine-induced locomotor activity without producing any significant effect on locomotor activity of the mice when it was administered alone. The results suggest that HPE blocks caffeine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in mice. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of HPE on caffeine-induced locomotor activity may be related to its NOS inhibitory property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Tayfun Uzbay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sánchez-Mateo CC, Bonkanka CX, Prado B, Rabanal RM. Antidepressant activity of some Hypericum reflexum L. fil. extracts in the forced swimming test in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 112:115-21. [PMID: 17383128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that oral administration of the methanol extract obtained from the aerial part in blossom of Hypericum reflexum L. fil. was active in the tetrabenazine and forced swimming test. In the present study, the effect of the aqueous, butanol and chloroform fractions obtained from the methanol extract of this species on the central nervous system was investigated in mice, particularly in animal models of depression. Antidepressant activity was detected in the butanol and chloroform fractions of this species using the forced swimming test since both fractions induced a significant reduction of the immobility time, producing no effects or only a slight depression on spontaneous motor activity when assessed in a photocell activity meter. Moreover, these fractions did not alter significantly the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. On the other hand, the chloroform fraction produced a slight but significant hypothermia and was also effective in antagonizing the ptosis induced by tetrabenazine. Furthermore, the butanol fraction produced a slight potentiation of the head twitches and syndrome induced by 5-HTP. Taken together, these data indicate that the butanol and chloroform fractions from Hypericum reflexum possess antidepressant-like effects in mice, providing further support for the traditional use of these plants in the Canary Islands folk medicine against central nervous disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Sánchez-Mateo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Muià C, Crisafulli C, Genovese T, Di Bella P, Esposito E, Menegazzi M, Meli R, Suzuki H, Cuzzocrea S. Protective effect of Hypericum perforatum in zymosan-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: Relationship to its inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production and its peroxynitrite scavenging activity. Nitric Oxide 2007; 16:118-30. [PMID: 16889996 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum is a medicinal plant species containing many polyphenolic compounds, namely flavonoids and phenolic acids. Since polyphenolic compounds have high antioxidant potential, we have investigated the effects of H. perforatum extract on the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by zymosan (500 mg/kg, administered i.p. as a suspension in saline) in mice. Organ failure and systemic inflammation in rats was assessed 18 h after administration of zymosan and/or H. perforatum extract and monitored for 12 days (for loss of body weight and mortality). Treatment of mice with H. perforatum extract (30 mg/kg i.p., 1 and 6h after zymosan) attenuated the peritoneal exudation and the migration of polymorphonuclear cells caused by zymosan, pulmonary, intestinal and pancreatic injury, and renal dysfunction as well as the increase in myeloperoxidase in the lung and intestine. Immunohistochemical analysis for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine, and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) revealed positive staining in lung and intestine tissues obtained from zymosan-injected mice. The degree of staining for nitrotyrosine, iNOS, and PAR was markedly reduced in tissue sections obtained from zymosan-treated mice, which received H. perforatum extract. In conclusion, this study provides evidence, for the first time, that H. perforatum extract attenuates the degree of zymosan-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee JY, Duke RK, Tran VH, Hook JM, Duke CC. Hyperforin and its analogues inhibit CYP3A4 enzyme activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:2550-60. [PMID: 17083953 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Literature indicates that herb-drug interaction of St. John's wort is largely due to increased metabolism of the co-administered drugs that are the substrates of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 enzyme, alteration of the activity and/or expression of the enzyme. The major St. John's wort constituents, acylphloroglucinols, were evaluated for their effects on CYP3A4 enzyme activity to investigate their roles in herb-drug interaction. Hyperforin and four oxidized analogues were isolated from the plant and fully characterized by mass spectral and NMR analysis. These acylphloroglucinols inhibited activity of CYP3A4 enzyme potently in the fluorometric assay using the recombinant enzyme. Furoadhyperforin (IC(50) 0.072 microM) was found to be the most potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 enzyme activity, followed by furohyperforin isomer 1 (IC(50) 0.079 microM), furohyperforin isomer 2 (IC(50) 0.23 microM), hyperforin (IC(50) 0.63 microM) and furohyperforin (IC(50) 1.3 microM). As the acylphloroglucinols are potent inhibitors of the CYP3A4 enzyme, their modulation of the enzyme activity is unlikely to be involved in increased drug metabolism by St. John's wort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-young Lee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Building A15, Science Road, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Genovese T, Mazzon E, Di Paola R, Muià C, Crisafulli C, Menegazzi M, Malleo G, Suzuki H, Cuzzocrea S. Hypericum perforatum attenuates the development of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. Shock 2006; 25:161-7. [PMID: 16525355 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000188326.82641.b7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A considerable body of recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress and exaggerated production of reactive oxygen species play a major role in several aspects of inflammation and shock. Hypericum perforatum is a medicinal plant species containing many polyphenolic compounds, namely flavonoids and phenolic acids. Because polyphenolic compounds have high antioxidant potential, in this study we evaluated the effect of Hypericum perforatum extract on acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein administration in male CD mice. Intraperitoneal injection of cerulein in mice resulted in a severe, acute pancreatitis, which was characterized by edema, neutrophil infiltration, tissue hemorrhage, and cell necrosis as well as increases in the serum levels of amylase and/or lipase in comparison to sham-treated mice. The infiltration of the pancreatic tissue of these animals with neutrophils (measured as increase in myeloperoxidase activity) was associated with expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a marked increase in the staining (immunoreactivity) for nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) in the pancreas of cerulein-treated mice in comparison to sham-treated mice. In contrast, the degree of (a) pancreatic inflammation and tissue injury (histological score), (b) expression of ICAM-1, (c) the staining for nitrotyrosine and PAR, and (d) myeloperoxidase activity was markedly reduced in pancreatic tissue sections obtained from cerulein-treated mice administered Hypericum perforatum extract (30 mg/kg, suspended in 0.2 mL of saline solution, o.s.). Moreover, the treatment with Hypericum perforatum extract significantly reduced the mortality rate at 5 days after cerulein administration. Taken together, our results indicate that Hypericum perforatum extract reduces the development of acute pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fourneron JD, Naït-Si Y. Effect of eluent pH on the HPLC-UV analysis of hyperforin from St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2006; 17:71-7. [PMID: 16634282 DOI: 10.1002/pca.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the pH of the mobile phase in HPLC analysis of hyperforin was investigated. Working with an extract of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) that is rich in hyperforin, significant differences were observed in conventional chromatograms depending on whether the mobile phase was acidic or alkaline. Chromatogram changes were paralleled by changes in the UV spectrum of the hyperforin peak. The structural changes in hyperforin occur in the chromatographic column itself, as has been confirmed by UV spectroscopy performed on a sample of purified hyperforin, which showed that the UV spectrum is indeed dependent on the pH of its environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Dominique Fourneron
- Laboratory of Galenic and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Menegazzi M, Di Paola R, Mazzon E, Muià C, Genovese T, Crisafulli C, Suzuki H, Cuzzocrea S. Hypericum perforatum attenuates the development of carrageenan-induced lung injury in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:740-53. [PMID: 16520227 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum is a medicinal plant species containing many polyphenolic compounds, namely flavonoids and phenolic acids. Since polyphenolic compounds have a high antioxidant potential, in this study we evaluated the effect of H. perforatum in an animal model of acute inflammation, carrageenan-induced pleurisy. We report here that H. perforatum extract (given at 30 mg/kg orally, bolus prior to carrageenan) exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects in an animal model of acute inflammation. Injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of mice elicited an acute inflammatory response characterized by fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity which contained a large number of neutrophils (PMNs) as well as an infiltration of PMNs in lung tissues and subsequent lipid peroxidation (as determined by thiobarbituric acid-reactant substance measurement) and increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1 beta). All parameters of inflammation were attenuated by H. perforatum extract. Furthermore, carrageenan induced an upregulation of the expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, as well as an increase in the amounts of nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), as determined by immunohistochemical analysis of lung tissues. The degree of staining for the ICAM-1, nitrotyrosine, and PAR was significantly reduced by H. perforatum extract. Additionally, we demonstrate that these inflammatory events were associated with the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and signal transducer and activator transcription-3 (STAT-31) activation in the lung. NF-kappaB and STAT-3 activation were significantly inhibited by H. perforatum extract treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that prevention of the activation of NF-kappaB and STAT-3 by H. perforatum extract reduces the development of acute inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Menegazzi
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Neuroscience and Vision, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Madabushi R, Frank B, Drewelow B, Derendorf H, Butterweck V. Hyperforin in St. John's wort drug interactions. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2006; 62:225-33. [PMID: 16477470 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-006-0096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, interactions of herbal medicines with synthetic drugs came into focus of particular interest. In the past 3 years, more than 50 papers were published regarding interactions between St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.; SJW) and prescription drugs. Co-medication with SJW resulted in decreased plasma concentrations of a number of drugs including amitriptyline, cyclosporine, digoxin, indinavir, irinotecan, warfarin, phenprocoumon, alprazolam, dextrometorphane, simvastatin, and oral contraceptives. Sufficient evidence from interaction studies and case reports indicate that SJW is a potent inducer of cytochrome P450 enzymes (particularly CYP3A4) and/or P-glycoprotein. Recent studies could show that the degree of enzyme induction by SJW correlates strongly with the amount of hyperforin found in the product. Products that do not contain substantial amounts of hyperforin (<1%) have not been shown to produce clinically relevant enzyme induction. On the other hand, some evidence suggests that hyperforin may also contribute to the antidepressant activity of SJW. However, clinical studies using SJW preparations with a low hyperforin amount (<1%) clearly demonstrated the superiority of this plant extract over placebo and its equivalence to imipramine and fluoxetine in the treatment of mild to moderate forms of depression. In the present paper clinical significant SJW interactions are critically evaluated against the background of hyperforin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajanikanth Madabushi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, P.O. 100494, Gainesville, 32610, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Holstege CP, Mitchell K, Barlotta K, Furbee RB. Toxicity and drug interactions associated with herbal products: ephedra and St. John's Wort. Med Clin North Am 2005; 89:1225-57. [PMID: 16227061 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Health care providers are being increasingly confronted with the use of herbal medications by their patients. It is imperative that patients be questioned regarding herbal preparation use and that health care providers become familiar with these agents. Research into the active components and mechanisms of action of various herbals is ongoing [350]. Long-range studies need to be performed to follow patients for efficacy or toxicity in chronic use [351,352]. Adverse reactions to herbal remedies should be reported to the FDA MedWatch at http://www.fda.gov/medwatch. As withany therapeutic agent, risk of use must always be weighed against potential benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Holstege
- Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0774, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
De Paola R, Muià C, Mazzon E, Genovese T, Crisafulli C, Menegazzi M, Caputi AP, Suzuki H, Cuzzocrea S. EFFECTS OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM EXTRACT IN A RAT MODEL OF ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION INJURY. Shock 2005; 24:255-63. [PMID: 16135965 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000175428.57769.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, an excess of oxidants, and/or a depletion of antioxidants. A considerable body of recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress and exaggerated production of reactive oxygen species play a major role in several aspects ischemia and reperfusion. Hypericum perforatum is a medicinal plant species containing many polyphenolic compounds, namely flavonoids and phenolic acids. Because polyphenolic compounds have high antioxidant potential, in this study we evaluated the effect of H. perforatum extract on splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock-mediated injury. SAO shock was induced in rats by clamping the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk for 45 min. After 1 h of reperfusion, SAO-shocked rats developed a significant fall in mean arterial blood pressure. Treatment of rats with H. perforatum extract (applied at 25 mg/kg 15 min before reperfusion) significantly reduced a significant fall in mean arterial blood pressure and the migration of polymorphonuclear cells caused by SAO-shock. H. perforatum extract also attenuated the ileum injury (histology) as well as the increase in the tissue levels of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde caused by SAO shock in the ileum. Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine and for poly ADP-ribosylated proteins revealed a positive staining in ileum from SAO-shocked rats. The degree of staining for nitrotyrosine and poly ADP-ribosylated proteins was markedly reduced in tissue sections obtained from SAO-shocked rats that had received H. perforatum extract. Reperfused ileum tissue sections from SAO-shocked rats showed positive staining for P-selectin and for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the vascular endothelial cells. H. perforatum extract treatment markedly reduced the intensity and degree of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in tissue section from SAO-shocked rats. H. perforatum extract treatment significantly improved survival. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that H. perforatum extract exerts multiple protective effects in splanchnic artery occlusion-reperfusion shock and suggests that H. perforatum extract may be a candidate for consideration as a therapeutic intervention for ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna De Paola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cryan JF, Mombereau C, Vassout A. The tail suspension test as a model for assessing antidepressant activity: review of pharmacological and genetic studies in mice. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2005; 29:571-625. [PMID: 15890404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1089] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since its introduction almost 20 years ago, the tail suspension test has become one of the most widely used models for assessing antidepressant-like activity in mice. The test is based on the fact that animals subjected to the short-term, inescapable stress of being suspended by their tail, will develop an immobile posture. Various antidepressant medications reverse the immobility and promote the occurrence of escape-related behaviour. This review focuses on the utility this test as part of a research program aimed at understanding the mechanism of action of antidepressants. We discuss the inherent difficulties in modeling depression in rodents. We describe how the tail suspension differs from the closely related forced swim test. Further, we address some key issues associated with using the TST as a model of antidepressant action. We discuss issues regarding whether it satisfies criteria to be a valid model for assessing depression-related behavioural traits. We elaborate on the tests' ease of use, strain differences observed in the test and gender effects in the test. We focus on the utility of the test for genetic analysis. Furthermore, we discuss the concept of whether immobility maybe a behavioural trait relevant to depression. All of the available pharmacological data using the test in genetically modified mice is collated. Special attention is given to selective breeding programs such as the Rouen 'depressed' mice which have been bred for high and low immobility in the tail suspension test. We provide an extensive pooling of the pharmacological studies published to date using the test. Finally, we provide novel pharmacological validation of an automated system (Bioseb) for assessing immobility. Taken together, we conclude that the tail suspension test is a useful test for assessing the behavioural effects of antidepressant compounds and other pharmacological and genetic manipulations relevant to depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Cryan
- Psychiatry Program, Neuroscience Research, The Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research WSJ 386.344, Novartis Pharma AG., CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sánchez-Mateo CC, Bonkanka CX, Prado B, Rabanal RM. Antidepressant properties of some Hypericum canariense L. and Hypericum glandulosum Ait. extracts in the forced swimming test in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 97:541-547. [PMID: 15740893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown in a previous work that the methanol extract obtained from the aerial part in blossom of Hypericum canariense L. and Hypericum glandulosum Ait. was active in the tetrabenazine and forced swimming test. In the present study, the central nervous effect of the aqueous, butanol and chloroform fractions obtained from the methanol extracts of these Hypericum species was investigated in mice, particularly in animal models of depression. It was found that the immobility time in the forced swimming test was significantly reduced by the butanol and chloroform fraction of both species assayed, producing no effects or only a slight depression on spontaneous motor activity when assessed in a photocell activity meter. In this regard, the efficacy of the chloroform extract from Hypericum glandulosum Ait. (500 mg/kg p.o.) in the forced swimming test was comparable to that of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (50 mg/kg p.o.). In addition, the Hypericum glandulosum chloroform fraction was also effective in antagonizing the ptosis induced by tetrabenazine. Moreover, Hypericum canariense butanol fraction and Hypericum glandulosum chloroform fraction produced a slight but significant hypothermia. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the butanol and chloroform fractions from Hypericum canariense and Hypericum glandulosum possess antidepressant-like effects in mice, providing further support for the traditional use of these plants in the Canary Islands folk medicine against central nervous disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Sánchez-Mateo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The phloroglucinol derivative hyperforin has been recently shown to be a major antidepressant component in the extract of Hypericum perforatum. Experimental studies clearly demonstrated its activity in different behavioral models of depression. Moreover clinical studies linked the therapeutic efficacy of Hypericum extracts to their hyperforin content, in a dose-dependent manner. The molecular mechanism of action of hyperforin is still under investigation. Hyperforin has been shown to inhibit, like conventional antidepressants, the neuronal uptake of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. However, hyperforin inhibits also the uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-glutamate. The uptake inhibition by hyperforin does not involve specific binding sites at the transporter molecules; its mechanism of action seems to be related to sodium conductive pathways, leading to an elevation in intracellular Na(+) concentration. Other additional mechanisms of action of hyperforin, involving ionic conductances as well synaptosomal and vesicular function, have been suggested. In addition to its antidepressant activity, hyperforin has many other pharmacological effects in vivo (anxiolytic-like, cognition-enhancing effects) and in vitro (antioxidant, anticyclooxygenase-1, and anticarcinogenic effects). These effects could be of clinical importance. On the other hand, the role of hyperforin in the pharmacological interactions occurring during Hypericum extract therapy must be fully investigated. Hyperforin seems to be responsible for the induction of liver cytochrome oxidase enzymes and intestinal P-glycoprotein. Several pharmacokinetic studies performed in rats and humans demonstrated oral bioavailability of hyperforin from Hypericum extract. Only recently a new chromatographic method for detection of hyperforin in the brain tissue has been developed and validated. Taking into account the chemical instability of hyperforin, current efforts are directed to the synthesis of new neuroactive derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Moderna Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|