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Corapi A, Gallo L, Lucadamo L, Tursi A, Chidichimo G. Evaluation of the Ecotoxicity of New Polyurethane Composites on Target Organisms for Aquatic and Atmospheric Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:421-436. [PMID: 36420672 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated if new biocomposite materials, polyurethanes (PURs) added with functionalized cellulose fibers, produce potential toxic effects on two target organisms currently used in biomonitoring the quality of two different environmental compartments. Natural fibers were extracted from the species Spartium junceum L., a shrub commonly found in the southern region of the Mediterranean having a high cellulose content. All PURs produced were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and their structure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. We measured the effects of exposure to aromatic and aliphatic PUR composites (containing or not cellulose fibers) on the aquatic model organism Daphnia magna Straus, a freshwater crustacean (Cladocera), and a biomonitor of air quality, the fruticose epiphytic lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. Leachates from aliphatic PUR composite not containing cellulose are more toxic to D. magna than all others, showing a slight acute toxicity in the case of the shortest exposure (24 h) and a moderate acute toxicity in the longer one (48 h). This effect is most likely due to the presence of free organic ammines and amides, which, in their turn, are immobilized in composites containing cellulosic fibers because of the considerable amount of chemical functional groups. Regarding lichens, both types of aliphatic PURs resulted in a toxic effect. Formulate not added with cellulose strongly promoted fungal peroxidation, whereas that which was functionalized affected the pigment concentration of the algal partner. Our results suggest that the use of cellulose in PUR production, in general, can limit the ecotoxicological effects on both test organisms and reduce the potential environmental impact due to this type of polymer. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:421-436. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Corapi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Calabria, Italy
| | - Luana Gallo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Calabria, Italy
| | - Lucio Lucadamo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Calabria, Italy
| | - Antonio Tursi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Calabria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chidichimo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Calabria, Italy
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Nomura M, Okamura H, Horie Y, Yap CK, Emmanouil C, Uwai S, Kawai H. Effects of antifouling compounds on the growth of macroalgae Undaria pinnatifida. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137141. [PMID: 36343734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are some of the principal primary producers of marine environments, and they are important ecological elements of coastal ecosystems. The effects of harmful chemicals on seaweeds may adversely affect coastal ecosystems, hence we aimed to develop a new phytotoxicity test using the gametophytes of a common temperate kelp species, Undaria pinnatifida (KU-1630), for the widely used antifouling chemical substances Cybutryne, Diuron, Cu2+, and Zn2+. Toxicity to gametophytes of U. pinnatifida was assessed by comparing the relative growth rate (RGR) at the logarithmic growth phase. Fragmentation method, initial algal biomass, photon irradiance, and adhesive period were investigated for developing optimal test conditions. Cybutryne exposure tests were performed with seven replicates and control, the RGR ranging from 0.17 to 0.19, while mean 7-day EC50 and no observed effect concentration (NOEC) were 5.1 μg/L and 1.8 μg/L, respectively. The 7-day EC50 for other antifoulants was 14 μg/L for Diuron, 17 μg/L for Cu2+, and 1500 μg/L for Zn2+. This test method demonstrated high sensitivity and reproducibility, and it may be added to the routine methods used for toxicity evaluation of hazardous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nomura
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - H Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan.
| | - Y Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - C K Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C Emmanouil
- School of Spatial Planning and Development, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Uwai
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
| | - H Kawai
- Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-0022, Japan
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Wei S, Miao J, Li Y, Li Y, Wang X, Pan L, Li Y, Wu J, Lin Y. Toxic effect of p-chloroaniline and butyl acrylateon Nannochloropsis oculata based on water samples from two sea areas. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:103582. [PMID: 33444758 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To compare the influence of water samples collected from various areas on toxic effect of HNS, we examined the toxic effect of two commonly found HNS: p-chloroaniline and butyl acrylate, on Nannochloropsis oculata cultured in seawater collected from Laizhou bay and Jiaozhou bay (China). The results showed that both p-chloroaniline and butyl acrylate had significant toxic effect on N. oculata cultured in both water samples. P-chloroaniline inhibited its net oxygenation rate and oxygen consumption rate. Butyl acrylate inhibited the net oxygenation rate whereas significantly stimulated oxygen consumption rate. Performance of N. oculata changed between two water samples under same level of p-chloroaniline and butyl acrylate. The net oxygenation rate of N. oculata cultured in the seawater from the Jiaozhou bay increased by 11.60 %, the oxygen consumption rate increased by 26.91 %, algae cell growth decreased by 16.83 %, compared to those from Laizhou bay. The Fv/Fm of N. oculata cultured in Jiaozhou bay was more significantly inhibited at 0.5 and 2.0 mg L-1 p-chloroaniline, while it was significantly inhibited at 5. 0 mg L-1 of butyl acrylate, compared to those from Laizhou bay. Moreover, the toxic effect of both HNS on net oxygenation rate and oxygen consumption rate were significantly attenuated as the concentration increased. The growth inhibition of microalgae cultured in two seawater samples was more evident at 0.5 and 5.0 mg L-1 p-chloroaniline than at 2.0 mg L-1 p-chloroaniline,and the growth inhibition of microalgae cultured in two seawater samples was more evident at 2.0 and 5.0 mg L-1 butyl acrylate than at 0.5 mg L-1 butyl acrylate. These results indicated that toxic effect of p-chloroaniline and butyl acrylate on the growth of N. oculata was influenced by the pollutants in the two water samples. Consequently, a corresponding research on water sample is required in advance to increase accuracy of future ecological risk assessment of HNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxiang Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Yuhan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Yusong Li
- Faculty of Science, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Xiufen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong, China
| | - Yun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shangdong, China.
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Ocean Administration, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Yufei Lin
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, State Ocean Administration, Beijing, 100194, China
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Couet D, Pringault O, Bancon-Montigny C, Briant N, Elbaz Poulichet F, Delpoux S, Kefi-Daly Yahia O, Hela B, Charaf M, Hervé F, Rovillon G, Amzil Z, Laabir M. Effects of copper and butyltin compounds on the growth, photosynthetic activity and toxin production of two HAB dinoflagellates: The planktonic Alexandrium catenella and the benthic Ostreopsis cf. ovata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 196:154-167. [PMID: 29407801 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted to test the effects of copper (Cu2+) and butyltins (BuT) on the growth, photosynthetic activity and toxin content of two HABs (Harmful Algal Blooms) dinoflagellates, the planktonic Alexandrium catenella and the benthic Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Microalgae were exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu2+ (10-4 to 31 nM) or BuT (0.084 to 84 nM) for seven days. When considering the growth, EC50 values were 0.16 (±0.09) nM and 0.03 (±0.02) nM of Cu2+ for A. catenella and O. cf. ovata, respectively. Regarding BuT, EC50 was 14.2 (±6) nM for O. cf. ovata, while A. catenella growth inhibition appeared at BuT concentrations ≥27 nM. Photosynthetic activity of the studied dinoflagellates decreased with increasing Cu and BuT concentrations. For O. cf. ovata, the response of this physiological parameter to contamination was less sensitive than the biomass. Cu exposure induced the formation of temporary cysts in both organisms that could resist adverse conditions. The ovatoxin-a and -b concentrations in O. cf. ovata cells increased significantly in the presence of Cu. Altogether, the results suggest a better tolerance of the planktonic A. catenella to Cu and BuT. This could result in a differentiated selection pressure exerted by these metals on phytoplankton species in highly polluted waters. The over-production of toxins in response to Cu stress could pose supplementary health and socio-economic threats in the contaminated marine ecosystems where HABs develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Couet
- Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC): IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Olivier Pringault
- Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC): IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicolas Briant
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | | | - Sophie Delpoux
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ons Kefi-Daly Yahia
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - BenGharbia Hela
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - M'Rabet Charaf
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | - Georges Rovillon
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | - Mohamed Laabir
- Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC): IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
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5
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Durán I, Beiras R. Acute water quality criteria for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, plastic additives, and 4-Nonylphenol in seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:384-391. [PMID: 28222980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Probabilistic environmental quality criteria for Naphthalene (Nap), Phenanthrene (Phe), Fluoranthene (Flu), Pyrene (Pyr), Triclosan (TCS), Tributyltin (TBT), Chlorpyrifos (CPY), Diuron (DUR), γ-Hexaclorocyclohexane (γ-HCH), Bisphenol A (BPA) and 4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) were derived from acute toxicity data using saltwater species representative of marine ecosystems, including algae, mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms and chordates. Preferably, data concerns sublethal endpoints and early life stages from bioassays conducted in our laboratory, but the data set was completed with a broad literature survey. The Water Quality Criteria (WQC) obtained for TBT (7.1·10-3 μg L-1) and CPY (6.6· 10-3 μg L-1) were orders of magnitude lower than those obtained for PAHs (ranging from 3.75 to 45.2 μg L-1), BPA (27.7 μg L-1), TCS (8.66 μg L-1) and 4-NP (1.52 μg L-1). Critical values for DUR and HCH were 0.1 and 0.057 μg L-1 respectively. Within this context, non-selective toxicants could be quantitatively defined as those showing a maximum variability in toxicity thresholds (TT) of 3 orders of magnitude across the whole range of marine diversity, and a cumulative distribution of the TT fitting to a single log-logistic curve, while for selective toxicants variability was consistently found to span 5 orders of magnitude and the TT distribution showed a bimodal pattern. For the latter, protective WQC must be derived taking into account the SSD of the sensitive taxa only.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Durán
- ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla, E-36331, Galicia, Spain
| | - R Beiras
- ECIMAT, Universidade de Vigo, Illa de Toralla, E-36331, Galicia, Spain.
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Yong XY, Gu DY, Wu YD, Yan ZY, Zhou J, Wu XY, Wei P, Jia HH, Zheng T, Yong YC. Bio-Electron-Fenton (BEF) process driven by microbial fuel cells for triphenyltin chloride (TPTC) degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 324:178-183. [PMID: 28340989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of triphenyltin chloride (TPTC) has caused serious environmental pollution. In this study, an effective method for TPTC degradation was proposed based on the Bio-Electron-Fenton process in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The maximum voltage of the MFC with graphite felt as electrode was 278.47% higher than that of carbon cloth. The electricity generated by MFC can be used for in situ generation of H2O2 to a maximum of 135.96μmolL-1 at the Fe@Fe2O3(*)/graphite felt composite cathode, which further reacted with leached Fe2+ to produce hydroxyl radicals. While 100μmolL-1 TPTC was added to the cathodic chamber, the degradation efficiency of TPTC reached 78.32±2.07%, with a rate of 0.775±0.021μmolL-1h-1. This Bio-Electron-Fenton driving TPTC degradation might involve in SnC bonds breaking and the main process is probably a stepwise dephenylation until the formation of inorganic tin and CO2. This study provides an energy saving and efficient approach for TPTC degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Yong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China; Bioenergy Research Institute, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dong-Yan Gu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China; Bioenergy Research Institute, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuan-Dong Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China; Bioenergy Research Institute, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China; Bioenergy Research Institute, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xia-Yuan Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China; Bioenergy Research Institute, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hong-Hua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China; Bioenergy Research Institute, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Science, Nengyuan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yang-Chun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Kumar KS, Dahms HU, Lee JS, Kim HC, Lee WC, Shin KH. Algal photosynthetic responses to toxic metals and herbicides assessed by chlorophyll a fluorescence. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:51-71. [PMID: 24632123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence is established as a rapid, non-intrusive technique to monitor photosynthetic performance of plants and algae, as well as to analyze their protective responses. Apart from its utility in determining the physiological status of photosynthesizers in the natural environment, chlorophyll a fluorescence-based methods are applied in ecophysiological and toxicological studies to examine the effect of environmental changes and pollutants on plants and algae (microalgae and seaweeds). Pollutants or environmental changes cause alteration of the photosynthetic capacity which could be evaluated by fluorescence kinetics. Hence, evaluating key fluorescence parameters and assessing photosynthetic performances would provide an insight regarding the probable causes of changes in photosynthetic performances. This technique quintessentially provides non-invasive determination of changes in the photosynthetic apparatus prior to the appearance of visible damage. It is reliable, economically feasible, time-saving, highly sensitive, versatile, accurate, non-invasive and portable; thereby comprising an excellent alternative for detecting pollution. The present review demonstrates the applicability of chlorophyll a fluorescence in determining photochemical responses of algae exposed to environmental toxicants (such as toxic metals and herbicides).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suresh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Green Life Science Department, College of Convergence, Sangmyung University, 7 Hongij-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Hyung Chul Kim
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Lee
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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Influence of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate on the expression of photosynthesis genes of Nannochloropsis sp. Gene 2014; 540:68-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Costas E, Gonzalez R, López-Rodas V, Huertas IE. Mutation of microalgae from antifouling sensitivity to antifouling resistance allows phytoplankton dispersal through ships’ biofouling. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Organotin Compounds from Snails to Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02387-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kim KN, Cha SH, Kim EA, Kang MC, Yang HM, Kim MJ, Yang HY, Woon Roh S, Jung WK, Heo SJ, Kim D, Jeon YJ, Oda T. Neuroprotective Effects of Nannochloropsis oculata Against AAPH-induced Oxidative
DNA Damage in HT22 Cells. INT J PHARMACOL 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2012.527.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Rochelle-Newall EJ, Chu VT, Pringault O, Amouroux D, Arfi R, Bettarel Y, Bouvier T, Bouvier C, Got P, Nguyen TMH, Mari X, Navarro P, Duong TN, Cao TTT, Pham TT, Ouillon S, Torréton JP. Phytoplankton distribution and productivity in a highly turbid, tropical coastal system (Bach Dang Estuary, Vietnam). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2011; 62:2317-2329. [PMID: 21945560 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton diversity, primary and bacterial production, nutrients and metallic contaminants were measured during the wet season (July) and dry season (March) in the Bach Dang Estuary, a sub-estuary of the Red River system, Northern Vietnam. Using canonical correspondence analysis we show that phytoplankton community structure is potentially influenced by both organometallic species (Hg and Sn) and inorganic metal (Hg) concentrations. During March, dissolved methylmercury and inorganic mercury were important factors for determining phytoplankton community composition at most of the stations. In contrast, during July, low salinity phytoplankton community composition was associated with particulate methylmercury concentrations, whereas phytoplankton community composition in the higher salinity stations was more related to dissolved inorganic mercury and dissolved mono and tributyltin concentrations. These results highlight the importance of taking into account factors other than light and nutrients, such as eco-toxic heavy metals, in understanding phytoplankton diversity and activity in estuarine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Rochelle-Newall
- ECOSYM, UMR 5119 (CNRS-IRD-UM2-IFREMER), Université Montpellier II, Case 093, Place Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
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Xu J, Li M, Mak NK, Chen F, Jiang Y. Triphenyltin induced growth inhibition and antioxidative responses in the green microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:73-80. [PMID: 20981483 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of organotin compounds in the environment is closely related to their uptake by microorganisms and delivery through the food chain. The population at low trophic levels like microalgae plays an important role in this aspect. In this study, the toxic effects of triphenyltin (TPT) on Scenedesmus quadricauda were assessed at the population, cellular and subcellular levels. The alga was exposed to TPT of up to 64 μg l(-1) (nearly lethal concentration), but the algal growth was inhibited significantly when TPT was elevated to 8 μg l(-1). This growth inhibition was correlated to the presence of oxidative stress as evidenced by the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and confirmed by fluorescent probing of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The imbalanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) may lead to an accumulation of intracellular H(2)O(2), which can initiate an oxidative damage to cell components and cause growth inhibition and finally cell death. The detachment of plasma membrane from cell wall, the structural change of chloroplasts as well as the increased number and size of starch granules together with electron-dense deposits in chloroplasts were noticed through electron microscopic examination. It was suggested that mitochondria, chloroplasts and protoplasm might be the direct targets of TPT toxicity. This study confirmed that TPT poisoning on phytoplankton can happen at very low concentrations. There existed different defense mechanisms e.g., antioxidant enzyme activation, starch accumulation and possibly metal sequestration in algal species as the means to resist TPT toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Biology and Kwong Living Trust Food Safety & Analysis Laboratory, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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Yang R, Cao D, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Jiang G. Distribution and temporal trends of butyltins monitored by molluscs along the Chinese Bohai coast from 2002 to 2005. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:804-810. [PMID: 18304637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2008.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen areas around the Chinese Bohai coast, individuals including ten kinds of bivalves and two kinds of snails were collected during the period of 2002-2005 for the investigation of spatial distribution and temporal variations of butyltin compounds (BTs). BTs including tributyltin (TBT) and its derivates, dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) were quantified by gas chromatography/flame photometric detection after extraction and Grignard derivatization. BTs compounds were widely existed in the samples and TBT was the dominant composition, indicating recent TBT input along Bohai coast. As a whole, BTs concentration remained high during the sampling years except a slightly decreased in samples from several sites in 2005. The contamination characteristics of BTs in different sampling sites were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) method, and the species specific bioaccumulation of BTs was also identified using cluster analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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15
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Boldor D, Balasubramanian S, Purohit S, Rusch KA. Design and implementation of a continuous microwave heating system for ballast water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:4121-4127. [PMID: 18589975 DOI: 10.1021/es7024752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A continuous microwave system to treat ballast water inoculated with different invasive species was designed and installed atthe Louisiana State University Agricultural Center. The effectiveness of the system to deliver the required heating loads to inactivate the organisms present was studied. The targeted organisms were microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata), zooplankton at two different growth stages (newly hatched brine shrimp-Artemia nauplii and adult Artemia), and oyster larvae (Crassosstrea virginica). The system was tested at two different flow rates (1 and 2 liters per min) and power levels (2.5 and 4.5 kW). Temperature profiles indicate that, depending on the species present and the growth stage, the maximum temperature increase will vary from 11.8 to 64.9 degrees C. The continuous microwave heating system delivered uniform and near-instantaneous heating at the outlet proving its effectiveness. The power absorbed and power efficiency varied for the species present. More than 80% power utilization efficiency was obtained at all flow rate and microwave power combinations for microalgae, Artemia nauplii and adults. Test results indicated that microwave treatment can be an effective tool for ballast water treatment, and current high treatment costs notwithstanding, this technique can be added as supplemental technology to the palette of existing treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Boldor
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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16
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Sun GX, Zhou WQ, Zhong JJ. Organotin decomposition by pyochelin, secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa even in an iron-sufficient environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:6411-3. [PMID: 16957273 PMCID: PMC1563630 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00957-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A triphenyltin (TPT)-decomposing strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CGMCC 1.860, was screened out. It secreted an unknown TPT-decomposing factor into the medium, later shown to be pyochelin, even in the presence of 100 muM iron. To our knowledge, this is the first report of organotin decomposition by pyochelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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17
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Pelletier E, Sargian P, Payet J, Demers S. Ecotoxicological Effects of Combined UVB and Organic Contaminants in Coastal Waters: A Review. Photochem Photobiol 2006; 82:981-93. [PMID: 16602830 DOI: 10.1562/2005-09-18-ra-688.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Organisms living in coastal waters are exposed to anthropogenic contaminants from terrestrial drainage, ice melting and maritime traffic and to enhanced UVB radiation (UVBR; 280-320 nm) caused by decreased concentrations of ozone in the stratosphere. This article reviews available information about the combined effects of UVBR and selected hydrosoluble contaminants potentially present in surface waters on marine species and especially on plankton community structure in high-latitude coastal zones. Effects of UVBR on three selected pesticides (Atrazine, carbaryl and Acifluorfen) and possible induction of phototoxicity are reviewed. Most toxicological studies have been conducted under laboratory conditions with questionable relevance for coastal marine ecosystems. Similarly, photoactivation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been closely examined and reported effects on aquatic species summarized. Experiments with field-sampled communities demonstrated the complexity and the difficulty in determining the impact of multiple stressors on an aquatic ecosystem, even for ecosystems simplified by eliminating large grazers and fish. Nutrient status, specific composition and light history have influenced the different responses of planktonic assemblages exposed to enhanced UVBR and water-soluble fraction (WSF) from crude oil or to tributyltin. Plankton assemblages subjected to changes in the ozone hole were physiologically stressed and more susceptible to WSF toxicity than communities from less enhanced UVBR-impacted sites. A close relationship between phytoplankton assemblages and bacteria was observed in all experiments in mesocosms. A contaminant-induced phytoplankton crash after a bloom event may release important carbon and nutrient sources for bacteria. The magnitude of phytoplanktonic mortality induced by a contaminant probably influenced how rapidly bacteria grew over time. The transition from a herbivorous food web to a microbial food web has significant ecological implications for carbon cycling and energy flow in pelagic systems. A high phytoplankton mortality implies a situation in which the potential for downward carbon export from surface waters is high. In contrast, high bacterial enrichment implies that the phytoplankton carbon is largely recycled in surface waters through a microbial loop and does not contribute significantly to sinking particle flux. The most ecologically relevant results were obtained with mesocosm studies using field-collected communities. The enhancement of hydrocarbon toxicity in the presence of a high level of UVBR cannot be described as being a synergistic or an additive effect, because the WSF alone is not toxic and may even be beneficial by increasing bacterial activity. This is a case in which one stressor has the ability to modify another stressor to cause it to be toxic to target organisms. These abiotically induced interactions may be important for biological communities exposed to extreme conditions when physical, chemical or photochemical reactions modify the nature of environmental stressors before they interact with biological functions. The need for models on the impacts of multiple stressors on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pelletier
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec a Rimouski, Canada.
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18
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Pelletier É, Sargian P, Payet J, Demers S. Ecotoxicological Effects of Combined UVB. Photochem Photobiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1562/2005-09-18-ra-688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Hellio C, Tsoukatou M, Maréchal JP, Aldred N, Beaupoil C, Clare AS, Vagias C, Roussis V. Inhibitory effects of mediterranean sponge extracts and metabolites on larval settlement of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 7:297-305. [PMID: 15971089 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-004-3150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the most promising alternative technologies to antifouling paints based on heavy metals is the development of coatings whose active ingredients are compounds naturally occurring in marine organisms. This approach is based on the problem of epibiosis faced by all marine organisms and the fact that a great number of them cope with it successfully. The present study investigated the antifouling activity of a series of extracts and secondary metabolites from the epibiont-free Mediterranean sponges Ircinia oros, I. spinosula, Cacospongia scalaris, Dysidea sp., and Hippospongia communis. Antifouling efficacy was evaluated by the settlement inhibition of laboratory-reared Balanus amphitrite Darwin cyprids. The most promising activity was exhibited by the metabolites 2-[24-acetoxy]-octaprenyl-1-4-hydroquinone (8a), dihydrofurospongin II (10), and the alcoholic extract of Dysidea sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hellio
- Newcastle University, School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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Sargian P, Pelletier E, Mostajir B, Ferreyra GA, Demers S. TBT toxicity on a natural planktonic assemblage exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2005; 73:299-314. [PMID: 15869812 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Revised: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A microcosm approach was designed to study the combined effects of tributyltin (TBT) from antifouling paints and ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR: 280-320 nm), on a natural planktonic assemblage (<150 microm) isolated from the St. Lawrence Estuary at the end of the springtime. Microcosms (9l, cylindrical Teflon bags, 75 cm heightx25 cm width) were immersed in the water column of mesocosms (1800 l, polyethylene bags, 2.3 m depth) and exposed to two different UVBR regimes: natural ambient UVBR (NUVBR), and enhanced level of UVBR (HUVBR). During consecutive 5 days, effects of TBT (120 ng l -1) and enhanced UVBR (giving a biologically weighted UVBR 2.15-fold higher than natural light condition) were monitored in the samples coming from following treatments: (i) NUVBR light condition without TBT (NUVBR), (ii) NUVBR light condition with TBT-added (NUVBR+TBT), (iii) HUVBR light condition without TBT (HUVBR) and (iv) HUVBR light condition with TBT-added (HUVBR+TBT). Each treatment was conducted in triplicate microcosms. Different parameters were then measured during 5 days, including TBT analysis, bacterial abundance and productivity, phytoplankton abundance, cellular characteristics and growth rates, as well as in vivo chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence. Following TBT addition (NUVBR+TBT treatment), Chl a concentrations never exceeded 1 microg l-1 whereas final values as high as 54 microg l-1 were observed in TBT-free treatments (NUVBR and HUVBR). TBT addition resulted also in the lost of fluorescence signal of the maximum efficiency of the photosystem II in phytoplankton assemblage. TBT toxicity caused on phytoplankton <20 microm an increase of mean cell size and changes in shape reflected a drastic disturbance of the cell cycle leading to an inhibition of the apparent growth rate. These negative effects of TBT resulted in a final abundance of phytoplankton <20 microm of 591+/-35 cells ml-1 in NUVBR+TBT relative to NUVBR treatment (i.e., 31,846+/-312 cells ml-1). Moreover, when cells were submitted to TBT under enhanced UVBR (HUVBR+TBT treatment), final abundance of phytoplankton <20 microm was only 182+/-90 cells ml-1, with a significant interaction between TBT and UVBR during the last 2 days of the experiment. The same type of interaction was also observed for bacterial abundance in NUVBR+TBT and HUVBR+TBT with stimulation of 226 and of 403%, respectively due to TBT addition relative to NUVBR treatment. When considering bacterial productivity, TBT addition resulted in an inhibition of 32%, and this inhibition was significantly more pronounced under dual stresses (i.e., 77% in HUVBR+TBT). These results clearly demonstrate that the combination of TBT and UVBR stresses have synergistic effects affecting the first trophic levels of the marine food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Sargian
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310, Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Que., Canada G5L 3A1.
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