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Menezes N, Felix C, Cruz I, Martinez ST, da Rocha GO, Leão ZMAN, de Andrade JB. Mercury in the Southwestern Atlantic reef-building coral Montastraea cavernosa (Cnidaria, Scleractinia). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142817. [PMID: 38986788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs, are particularly vulnerable to mercury contamination due to direct contact with terrestrial sources. Here, we evaluated, for the first time, the concentration of mercury in coral reefs in the Southwestern Atlantic using the amphi-atlantic scleractinian coral Montastraea cavernosa. Sampling was realized over an extension of 200 km along different coral reefs. Our data show mercury values ranging from 0.01 to 0.27 mg kg-1 in the tissue and 0.001-0.06 mg kg-1 in the skeleton and higher values when compared to coral worldwide. The concentration of mercury in the tissue from Todos os Santos Bay was higher than in open sea regions but also higher compared to other coral reefs of the world, while the skeleton concentration did not indicate any differences when compared to the open sea regions. The data presented is of concern as we consider the importance of coral reefs and should be used in future environmental management planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Menezes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, 41650-110, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Caio Felix
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Igor Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Department of Oceanography, Institute of Geosciences, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Ondina, Salvador, 40210-340, Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | - Gisele O da Rocha
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Zelinda M A N Leão
- Laboratory of Coral Reefs and Global Changes-RECOR, Institute of Geosciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Ondina, Salvador, 40210-340, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Jailson B de Andrade
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Interdisciplinar em Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, 41650-110, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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2
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Dellisanti W, Zhang Q, Ferrier-Pagès C, Kühl M. Contrasting effects of increasing dissolved iron on photosynthesis and O 2 availability in the gastric cavity of two Mediterranean corals. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17259. [PMID: 38699194 PMCID: PMC11064864 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) plays a fundamental role in coral symbiosis, supporting photosynthesis, respiration, and many important enzymatic reactions. However, the extent to which corals are limited by Fe and their metabolic responses to inorganic Fe enrichment remains to be understood. We used respirometry, variable chlorophyll fluorescence, and O2 microsensors to investigate the impact of increasing Fe(III) concentrations (20, 50, and 100 nM) on the photosynthetic capacity of two Mediterranean coral species, Cladocora caespitosa and Oculina patagonica. While the bioavailability of inorganic Fe can rapidly decrease, we nevertheless observed significant physiological effects at all Fe concentrations. In C. caespitosa, exposure to 50 nM Fe(III) increased rates of respiration and photosynthesis, while the relative electron transport rate (rETR(II)) decreased at higher Fe(III) exposure (100 nM). In contrast, O. patagonica reduced respiration, photosynthesis rates, and maximum PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) across all iron enrichments. Both corals exhibited increased hypoxia (<50 µmol O2 L-1) within their gastric cavity at night when exposed to 50 and 100 nM Fe(III), leading to increased polyp contraction time and reduced O2 exchange with the surrounding water. Our results indicate that C. caespitosa, but not O. patagonica, might be limited in Fe for achieving maximal photosynthetic efficiency. Understanding the multifaceted role of iron in corals' health and their response to environmental change is crucial for effective coral conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Dellisanti
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Christine Ferrier-Pagès
- Coral Ecophysiology Laboratory, Center Scientifique de Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco
| | - Michael Kühl
- Department of Biology, Marine Biology Section, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
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3
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La Corte C, Dara M, Bertini F, Bisanti L, Cammarata M, Parisi MG. Sea anemones, methylmercury, and bacterial infection: A closer look at multiple stressors. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116287. [PMID: 38547612 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Specimens of the Mediterranean sea anemone Anemonia viridis were exposed to methylmercury (MeHg) and bacterial infection to study their immune responses to a well-known toxic pollutant. Anemones were housed in laboratory conditions and divided into five experimental groups: 1. control (no microinjection); 2. filtered seawater + buffer injection; 3. filtered seawater + Escherichia coli injection; 4. MeHg + buffer injection; 5. MeHg + E. coli injection. Data showed an increase in antioxidant enzyme production compared to the constitutive condition, while methylmercury inhibited lysozyme production. The buffer inoculation had no statistically significant effects on the animals. In addition, electrophoretic and protease analyses revealed differences in the type of proteins produced, as well as a modulation of proteases depending on the treatment. The study demonstrated the immunomodulatory effect of the organic pollutant on A. viridis, validating its use as a model organism for marine coastal biomonitoring programmes and multiple stress studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C La Corte
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - M Dara
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - F Bertini
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - L Bisanti
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - M Cammarata
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - M G Parisi
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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4
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Förster F, Reynaud S, Sauzéat L, Ferrier-Pagès C, Samankassou E, Sheldrake TE. Increased coral biomineralization due to enhanced symbiotic activity upon volcanic ash exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168694. [PMID: 38007126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs, which are among the most productive ecosystems on earth, are in global decline due to rapid climate change. Volcanic activity also results in extreme environmental changes at local to global scales, and may have significant impacts on coral reefs compared to other natural disturbances. During explosive eruptions, large amounts of volcanic ash are generated, significantly disrupting ecosystems close to a volcano, and depositing ash over distal areas (10s - 1000s of km depending on i.a. eruption size and wind direction). Once volcanic ash interacts with seawater, the dissolution of metals leads to a rapid change in the geochemical properties of the seawater column. Here, we report the first known effects of volcanic ash on the physiology and elemental cycling of a symbiotic scleractinian coral under laboratory conditions. Nubbins of the branching coral Stylophora pistillata were reared in aquaria under controlled conditions (insolation, temperature, and pH), while environmental parameters, effective quantum yield, and skeletal growth rate were monitored. Half the aquaria were exposed to volcanic ash every other day for 6 weeks (250 mg L-1 week-1), which induced significant changes in the fluorescence-derived photochemical parameters (ΦPSII, Fv/Fm, NPQ, rETR), directly enhanced the efficiency of symbiont photosynthesis (Pg, Pn), and lead to increased biomineralization rates. Enhancement of symbiont photosynthesis is induced by the supply of essential metals (Fe and Mn), derived from volcanic ash leaching in ambient seawater or within the organism following ingestion. The beneficial role of volcanic ash as an important micronutrient source is supported by the fact that neither photophysiological stress nor signs of lipid peroxidation were detected. Subaerial volcanism affects micronutrient cycling in the coral ecosystem, but the implication for coral ecophysiology on a reef scale remains to be tested. Nevertheless, exposure to volcanic ash can improve coral health and thus influence resilience to external stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Förster
- Geovolco Team, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.
| | | | - Lucie Sauzéat
- Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, IRD, OPGC, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut de Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Elias Samankassou
- Sedimentology Group, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Tom E Sheldrake
- Geovolco Team, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
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5
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Cheng M, Luo Y, Yu XL, Huang LT, Lian JS, Huang H. Effects of elevated temperature and copper exposure on the physiological state of the coral Galaxea fascicularis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106218. [PMID: 38039737 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of elevated seawater temperature and local stressors (heavy metal contamination) affects the ecophysiology of phototrophic species, and represents a risk to the environmental quality of coral reefs. Therefore, we investigated the effects of both Cu alone and Cu in combination with elevated temperature (ET) on the physiology of the coral Galaxea fascicularis, and measured the parameters related to the photo-physiology and oxidative state. G.fascicularis is one of the dominant coral species in the South China Sea which exhibits strong adaptability to environmental stress. We exposed the common coral species G.fascicularis to a series of environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu at 29 °C (normal temperature, NT) and 32 °C (elevated temperature, ET) for 96 h. Single polyps were used in the experiments, which reduced individual variability when compared to the coral colonies. The results suggested that: i) Cu or ET had significant negative effects on the actual operating ability of photosystem Ⅱ (PSII), but not on the maximal chlorophyll fluorescence in darkness (Fv/Fm). ii) Symbiodiniaceae density was significantly reduced by high Cu concentrations, for Cu-NT and Cu-ET, a high concentration of Cu (40 μg/L) significantly impacted Symbiodiniaceae density, causing a 75.4% and 81.0% decrease, respectively. iii) the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in coral tissues increased significantly under Cu-ET. iv) a certain range of copper concentration (25-30 μg/L) increased the pigment content of the Symbiodiniacea. Our results indicated that the combined stressors of Cu and ET made the coral tissue sloughed, caused the coral tissue damaged by lipid oxidation, reduced the photosynthetic capacity of the Symbiodiniacea, and led to the excretion of Symbiodiniacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Tao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Lian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.
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6
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Golding LA, Binet MT, Adams MS, Hochen J, Humphrey CA, Price GAV, Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Salmon M, Stauber JL. Acute and chronic toxicity of manganese to tropical adult coral (Acropora millepora) to support the derivation of marine manganese water quality guideline values. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115242. [PMID: 37453169 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Adult corals are among the most sensitive marine organisms to dissolved manganese and experience tissue sloughing without bleaching (i.e., no loss of Symbiodinium spp.) but there are no chronic toxicity data for this sensitive endpoint. We exposed adult Acropora millepora to manganese in 2-d acute and 14-d chronic experiments using tissue sloughing as the toxicity endpoint. The acute tissue sloughing median effect concentration (EC50) was 2560 μg Mn/L. There was no chronic toxicity to A. millepora at concentrations up to and including the highest concentration of 1090 μg Mn/L i.e., the chronic no observed effect concentration (NOEC). A coral-specific acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR) (EC50/NOEC) of 2.3 was derived. These data were combined with chronic toxicity data for other marine organisms in a species sensitivity distribution (SSD). Marine manganese guidelines were 190, 300, 390 and 570 μg Mn/L to provide long-term protection of 99, 95, 90, and 80 % of marine species, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Golding
- CSIRO, Environment, Tharawal Country, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia.
| | - Monique T Binet
- CSIRO, Environment, Tharawal Country, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Merrin S Adams
- CSIRO, Environment, Tharawal Country, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Justin Hochen
- National Sea Simulator, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Craig A Humphrey
- National Sea Simulator, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Gwilym A V Price
- CSIRO, Environment, Tharawal Country, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Salmon
- National Sea Simulator, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Jenny L Stauber
- CSIRO, Environment, Tharawal Country, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia; La Trobe University, Wodonga, Victoria 3690, Australia
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McKnight KS, Gissi F, Adams MS, Stone S, Jolley D, Stauber J. The Effects of Nickel and Copper on Tropical Marine and Freshwater Microalgae Using Single and Multispecies Tests. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:901-913. [PMID: 36896707 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are key components of aquatic food chains and are known to be sensitive to a range of contaminants. Much of the available data on metal toxicity to microalgae have been derived from temperate single-species tests with temperate data used to supplement tropical toxicity data sets to derive guideline values. In the present study, we used single-species and multispecies tests to investigate the toxicity of nickel and copper to tropical freshwater and marine microalgae, including the free-swimming stage of Symbiodinium sp., a worldwide coral endosymbiont. Based on the 10% effect concentration (EC10) for growth rate, copper was two to four times more toxic than nickel to all species tested. The temperate strain of Ceratoneis closterium was eight to 10 times more sensitive to nickel than the two tropical strains. Freshwater Monoraphidium arcuatum was less sensitive to copper and nickel in the multispecies tests compared with the single-species tests (EC10 values increasing from 0.45 to 1.4 µg Cu/L and from 62 to 330 µg Ni/L). The Symbiodinium sp. was sensitive to copper (EC10 of 3.1 µg Cu/L) and less sensitive to nickel (EC50 >1600 µg Ni/L). This is an important contribution of data on the chronic toxicity of nickel to Symbiodinium sp. A key result from the present study was that three microalgal species had EC10 values below the current copper water quality guideline value for 95% species protection in slightly to moderately disturbed systems in Australia and New Zealand, indicating that they may not be adequately protected by the current copper guideline value. By contrast, toxicity of nickel to microalgae is unlikely to occur at exposure concentrations typically found in fresh and marine waters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:901-913. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Gissi
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Merrin S Adams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Stone
- CSIRO Land and Water, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne Jolley
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny Stauber
- CSIRO Land and Water, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Iyagbaye L, Reichelt-Brushett A, Benkendorff K. Ni accumulation and effects on a representative Cnidaria - Exaiptasia pallida during single element exposure and in combination with Mn. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120110. [PMID: 36075335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) are well known for the production of steel and alloys and are commonly found co-occurring in Ni ores. They are metals of environmental concern and contamination in the marine environment is problematic single exposures and in combination. Several studies have documented the effects of single metal exposure on the model anemone E. pallida, but research on the effects of metal mixtures is far less common. This novel study assesses the accumulation and stress effects of Ni and Mn over a 12-d exposure period. E. pallida were exposed in two separate experiments; Ni alone and Ni in combination with Mn, to assess accumulation, along with any effect on the density of symbionts and anemone tentacle length. Anemones were transferred to ambient seawater to assess depuration and recovery over 6 d. Anemone tissue accumulated Ni at a magnitude of five times higher in a mixture of 0.5 mg Ni/L with 2.5 mg Mn/L compared to the same concentration in a single Ni exposure experiment. In both experiments, Ni and Mn preferentially accumulated in the Symbiodinium spp. compared to the anemone tissue, but Ni depuration was more rapid in the mixture than Ni alone exposure. This study reveals a significant reduction in anemone Symbiodinium spp. density after exposure to Ni and Mn mixtures, but not with Ni exposure alone. A significant dose-dependent reduction in tentacle length was observed in anemones after 12 d of the Ni exposure both with and without Mn. The estimated sublethal concentration that causes tentacle retraction in 50% of test anemones (EC50) by Ni was 0.51 (0.25-0.73) mg/L, while in combination with Mn the EC50 was 0.30 mg Ni/L (confidence limits not calculatable). The present data reveals the importance of testing metal effects in combination before establishing safe limits for marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Iyagbaye
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | | | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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9
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Nitschke MR, Rosset SL, Oakley CA, Gardner SG, Camp EF, Suggett DJ, Davy SK. The diversity and ecology of Symbiodiniaceae: A traits-based review. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2022; 92:55-127. [PMID: 36208879 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among the most successful microeukaryotes to form mutualisms with animals are dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae. These photosynthetic symbioses drive significant primary production and are responsible for the formation of coral reef ecosystems but are particularly sensitive when environmental conditions become extreme. Annual episodes of widespread coral bleaching (disassociation of the mutualistic partnership) and mortality are forecasted from the year 2060 under current trends of ocean warming. However, host cnidarians and dinoflagellate symbionts display exceptional genetic and functional diversity, and meaningful predictions of the future that embrace this biological complexity are difficult to make. A recent move to trait-based biology (and an understanding of how traits are shaped by the environment) has been adopted to move past this problem. The aim of this review is to: (1) provide an overview of the major cnidarian lineages that are symbiotic with Symbiodiniaceae; (2) summarise the symbiodiniacean genera associated with cnidarians with reference to recent changes in taxonomy and systematics; (3) examine the knowledge gaps in Symbiodiniaceae life history from a trait-based perspective; (4) review Symbiodiniaceae trait variation along three abiotic gradients (light, nutrients, and temperature); and (5) provide recommendations for future research of Symbiodiniaceae traits. We anticipate that a detailed understanding of traits will further reveal basic knowledge of the evolution and functional diversity of these mutualisms, as well as enhance future efforts to model stability and change in ecosystems dependent on cnidarian-dinoflagellate organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Nitschke
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sabrina L Rosset
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Clinton A Oakley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie G Gardner
- Center for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma F Camp
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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10
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Iyagbaye L, Reichelt-Brushett A, Benkendorff K. Manganese uptake and partitioning between the tissue of the anemone host Exaiptasia pallida and Symbiodinium spp., including assessment of stress and recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133895. [PMID: 35143868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is essential for global steel and Mn-iron (Fe) alloy production. The human health effects of elevated Mn concentrations have been well established, but studies on its impact on marine invertebrates are limited. This study is the first to investigate Mn uptake in the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida after chronic exposure (0.5, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L) for 24-d. Following exposure, E. pallida were transferred to ambient seawater for 6-d to assess Mn depuration. Mn accumulation and partitioning in host tissue and symbionts (Symbiodinium spp.), tentacle retraction, and symbiont cell density were measured during exposure and depuration. Mn concentrations were substantially higher in symbionts than tissue in all treatments after 24-d. No significant difference was observed for symbiont cell density after Mn exposure. Tentacle retractions were significantly higher in all Mn exposed treatments than controls at all time points. Mn depuration was observed for both tissue and symbionts but was more rapid in symbionts. This study reveals that Symbiodinium spp. can play a role in Mn uptake and depuration in anemones, but Mn loading does not affect cell density. These results help understand metal uptake and depuration in complex relationships between Symbiodinium spp. and other host taxa like corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Iyagbaye
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, NSW, Australia
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11
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Trumbauer W, Grace SP, Rodrigues LJ. Seasonal variation in the bioaccumulation of potentially toxic metals in the tissues of Astrangia poculata in the northeastern United States. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113180. [PMID: 34871902 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Astrangia poculata inhabits coasts near dense human populations in the northeastern United States and may be exposed to elevated pollutants. No studies have assessed heavy metal concentration in temperate corals despite their proximity to anthropogenic activity. We collected colonies four times in one year and analyzed coral tissue for As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn. Most heavy metals except for As were 1.5-3.3 times lower in summer compared to other seasons. Pb, As, and Cd were three orders of magnitude higher than concentrations for other Narragansett Bay benthic species, suggesting that A. poculata bioaccumulates more readily and/or inhabits more contaminated areas of the Bay. Zn, Pb, and As had similar concentrations to tropical corals inhabiting anthropogenically polluted sites. While physiological impacts are unknown, this population of A. poculata may have a higher tolerance for heavy metal pollution than most scleractinians, making it an interesting candidate for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Trumbauer
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Sean P Grace
- Department of Biology, Werth Center for Coastal and Marine Studies, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA
| | - Lisa J Rodrigues
- Department of Geography and the Environment, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
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12
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Bayless AL, Christopher SJ, Day RD, Ness JM, Bryan CE, Toline CA, Woodley CM. Trace element proxies and stable isotopes used to identify water quality threats to elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata) at two national parks in St. Croix, USVI. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112575. [PMID: 34119965 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological impairments have been documented on reefs at two national parks in St. Croix, USVI. Although several water quality parameters have been out of compliance with USVI criteria, whether these parameters or other pollutants are responsible for coral health impacts is unknown. Trace elements quantified in sediment showed four sites at SARI, which is closer than BUIS to settlements and land-derived anthropogenic outflows, had Cu mass fractions above sediment quality guidelines for invertebrate toxicity. Trace elements were also analyzed in the skeleton of threatened elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, to evaluate potential exposure. Heavy metals (Pb, Zn) were significantly greater in coral skeleton at SARI than BUIS. Cu, Pb, and Zn may be impacting coral health in these parks. Potential anthropogenic sources of these metals were revealed by the coral tissue stable isotope levels (δ13C and δ15N). These findings provide a framework for determining heavy metal impacts on these invaluable reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Bayless
- College of Charleston, Department of Biology contractor for National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA; The University of Charleston, SC at the College of Charleston, Grice Marine Laboratory, 205 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - Steven J Christopher
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Russell D Day
- Marine Science and Nautical Training Academy (MANTA), 520 Folly Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Jennifer M Ness
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Colleen E Bryan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - C Anna Toline
- United States National Park Service, Region 2, South Atlantic Gulf, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Cheryl M Woodley
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Stressor Detection and Impacts Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412, USA
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13
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Roger LM, Reich HG, Lawrence E, Li S, Vizgaudis W, Brenner N, Kumar L, Klein-Seetharaman J, Yang J, Putnam HM, Lewinski NA. Applying model approaches in non-model systems: A review and case study on coral cell culture. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248953. [PMID: 33831033 PMCID: PMC8031391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Model systems approaches search for commonality in patterns underlying biological diversity and complexity led by common evolutionary paths. The success of the approach does not rest on the species chosen but on the scalability of the model and methods used to develop the model and engage research. Fine-tuning approaches to improve coral cell cultures will provide a robust platform for studying symbiosis breakdown, the calcification mechanism and its disruption, protein interactions, micronutrient transport/exchange, and the toxicity of nanoparticles, among other key biological aspects, with the added advantage of minimizing the ethical conundrum of repeated testing on ecologically threatened organisms. The work presented here aimed to lay the foundation towards development of effective methods to sort and culture reef-building coral cells with the ultimate goal of obtaining immortal cell lines for the study of bleaching, disease and toxicity at the cellular and polyp levels. To achieve this objective, the team conducted a thorough review and tested the available methods (i.e. cell dissociation, isolation, sorting, attachment and proliferation). The most effective and reproducible techniques were combined to consolidate culture methods and generate uncontaminated coral cell cultures for ~7 days (10 days maximum). The tests were conducted on scleractinian corals Pocillopora acuta of the same genotype to harmonize results and reduce variation linked to genetic diversity. The development of cell separation and identification methods in conjunction with further investigations into coral cell-type specific metabolic requirements will allow us to tailor growth media for optimized monocultures as a tool for studying essential reef-building coral traits such as symbiosis, wound healing and calcification at multiple scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza M. Roger
- Life Science and Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Hannah G. Reich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Evan Lawrence
- Life Science and Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shuaifeng Li
- Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Whitney Vizgaudis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nathan Brenner
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lokender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Jinkyu Yang
- Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hollie M. Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Nastassja A. Lewinski
- Life Science and Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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14
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Capasso L, Ganot P, Planas-Bielsa V, Tambutté S, Zoccola D. Intracellular pH regulation: characterization and functional investigation of H + transporters in Stylophora pistillata. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:18. [PMID: 33685406 PMCID: PMC7941709 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reef-building corals regularly experience changes in intra- and extracellular H+ concentrations ([H+]) due to physiological and environmental processes. Stringent control of [H+] is required to maintain the homeostatic acid-base balance in coral cells and is achieved through the regulation of intracellular pH (pHi). This task is especially challenging for reef-building corals that share an endosymbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellates (family Symbiodinaceae), which significantly affect the pHi of coral cells. Despite their importance, the pH regulatory proteins involved in the homeostatic acid-base balance have been scarcely investigated in corals. Here, we report in the coral Stylophora pistillata a full characterization of the genomic structure, domain topology and phylogeny of three major H+ transporter families that are known to play a role in the intracellular pH regulation of animal cells; we investigated their tissue-specific expression patterns and assessed the effect of seawater acidification on their expression levels. RESULTS We identified members of the Na+/H+ exchanger (SLC9), vacuolar-type electrogenic H+-ATP hydrolase (V-ATPase) and voltage-gated proton channel (HvCN) families in the genome and transcriptome of S. pistillata. In addition, we identified a novel member of the HvCN gene family in the cnidarian subclass Hexacorallia that has not been previously described in any species. We also identified key residues that contribute to H+ transporter substrate specificity, protein function and regulation. Last, we demonstrated that some of these proteins have different tissue expression patterns, and most are unaffected by exposure to seawater acidification. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provide the first characterization of H+ transporters that might contribute to the homeostatic acid-base balance in coral cells. This work will enrich the knowledge of the basic aspects of coral biology and has important implications for our understanding of how corals regulate their intracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Capasso
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Monaco.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ganot
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Monaco
| | | | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Didier Zoccola
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco, Monaco.
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15
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Banc-Prandi G, Cerutti JMB, Fine M. Recovery assessment of the branching coral Stylophora pistillata following copper contamination and depuration. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111830. [PMID: 33234258 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most contemporary coral reefs live under both global (e.g. warming and acidification) and local (e.g. overfishing, pollution) stressors, which may synergistically undermine their resilience to thermal bleaching and diseases. While heavy metal toxicity in reefs has been well characterized, information on corals recovery from acute contamination is lacking. We studied for 42 days the ability of the coral Stylophora pistillata from the Gulf of Aqaba (northern Red Sea) to recover from a short (3 days) and prolonged (14 days) copper (Cu) contamination (1 μg L-1), after 11 ('Exp3/D11') and 28 ('Exp14/D28') days of depuration, respectively. Cu caused a decrease in chlorophyll content after 3 days, and in net photosynthesis (Pn) after 14 and 42 days. 'Exp14/D28' showed successful recovery based on Pn and relative electron transport rate, as opposed to 'Exp3/D11'. Results suggest the depuration time may be of greater importance than the exposure period to recover from such contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem Banc-Prandi
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel.
| | - Julia M B Cerutti
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel
| | - Maoz Fine
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel; The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel
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16
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Gillmore ML, Gissi F, Golding LA, Stauber JL, Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Severati A, Humphrey CA, Jolley DF. Effects of dissolved nickel and nickel-contaminated suspended sediment on the scleractinian coral, Acropora muricata. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 152:110886. [PMID: 32479277 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intensification of lateritic nickel mining in Southeast Asia and Melanesia potentially threatens coastal ecosystems from increased exposure to nickel and suspended sediment. This study investigated the response of Acropora muricata when exposed to either dissolved nickel, clean suspended sediment or nickel-contaminated suspended sediment for 7 days, followed by a 7-d recovery period. Significant bleaching and accumulation of nickel in coral tissue was observed only after exposure to high dissolved nickel concentrations and nickel-spiked suspended sediment. No effect on A. muricata was observed from exposure to a particulate-bound nickel concentration of 60 mg/kg acid-extractable nickel at a suspended sediment concentration of 30 mg/L TSS. This study demonstrates that bioavailability of nickel associated with suspended sediment exposure plays a key role in influencing nickel toxicity to corals. These findings assist in assessments of risk posed by increasing nickel mining activities on tropical marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Gillmore
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia.
| | - Francesca Gissi
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Lisa A Golding
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | | | - Amanda J Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Andrea Severati
- National Sea Simulator, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Craig A Humphrey
- National Sea Simulator, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Dianne F Jolley
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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17
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van der Schyff V, Kwet Yive NSC, Bouwman H. Metal concentrations in corals from South Africa and the Mascarene Basin: A first assessment for the Western Indian Ocean. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124784. [PMID: 31520976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Little knowledge exists on the state of metal contamination in corals from the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). Fragments of four soft and five hard coral genera were collected from five sites in the WIO- Sodwana Bay and Aliwal Shoal from South Africa, and Agalega, Rodrigues, and St. Brandon's Rock from the Mascarene Basin. Fragments were analysed for 31 metallic elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Corals from the WIO contained lower concentrations of most metals than corals from the Red Sea. South African corals contained higher concentrations of most of the metallic elements than the Mascarene corals. Sinularia was the coral with the most elements at the highest mean concentrations. A very high concentration of Ni was found in Sinularia (1300 mg/kg dm) from Sodwana Bay. Corals from the Mascarene Islands, especially Agalega, had comparatively low concentrations and could serve as a benchmark for corals from other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica van der Schyff
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | | | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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18
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Gissi F, Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Chariton AA, Stauber JL, Greenfield P, Humphrey C, Salmon M, Stephenson SA, Cresswell T, Jolley DF. The effect of dissolved nickel and copper on the adult coral Acropora muricata and its microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:792-806. [PMID: 31042619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential impacts of mining activities on tropical coastal ecosystems are poorly understood. In particular, limited information is available on the effects of metals on scleractinian corals which are foundation species that form vital structural habitats supporting other biota. This study investigated the effects of dissolved nickel and copper on the coral Acropora muricata and its associated microbiota. Corals collected from the Great Barrier Reef were exposed to dissolved nickel (45, 90, 470, 900 and 9050 μg Ni/L) or copper (4, 11, 32 and 65 μg Cu/L) in flow through chambers at the National Sea Simulator, Townsville, Qld, Australia. After a 96-h exposure DNA metabarcoding (16S rDNA and 18S rDNA) was undertaken on all samples to detect changes in the structure of the coral microbiome. The controls remained healthy throughout the study period. After 36 h, bleaching was only observed in corals exposed to 32 and 65 μg Cu/L and very high nickel concentrations (9050 μg Ni/L). At 96 h, significant discolouration of corals was only observed in 470 and 900 μg Ni/L treatments, the highest concentrations tested. While high concentrations of nickel caused bleaching, no changes in the composition of their microbiome communities were observed. In contrast, exposure to copper not only resulted in bleaching, but altered the composition of both the eukaryote and bacterial communities of the coral's microbiomes. Our findings showed that these effects were only evident at relatively high concentrations of nickel and copper, reflecting concentrations observed only in extremely polluted environments. Elevated metal concentrations have the capacity to alter the microbiomes which are inherently linked to coral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gissi
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Paul Greenfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; CSIRO Energy, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Craig Humphrey
- National Sea Simulator, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Matt Salmon
- National Sea Simulator, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah A Stephenson
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | | | - Dianne F Jolley
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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19
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Yang T, Cheng H, Wang H, Drews M, Li S, Huang W, Zhou H, Chen CM, Diao X. Comparative study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs) in corals, surrounding sediments and surface water at the Dazhou Island, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:157-168. [PMID: 30471496 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content in corals (Acropora sp.), surficial sediments, and surface seawater, and heavy metals (HMs) contents in corals and sediments from Dazhou Island, Hainan, China. Concentrations of PAHs in seawater and sediment seasonally ranged from 191.5 ng L-1 to 587.7 ng L-1, and from 37.9 ng g-1 to 233 ng g-1, while levels in corals were higher (185.2-545.0 ng g-1) compared to those found in sediments, demonstrating bioaccumulation of PAHs by corals. A similar seasonally variation of PAHs was observed in water/sediments and corals, and the proportions of low molecular weight PAHs (LPAHs) in seawater and corals were higher. Pyrolytic and petrogenic contaminations were identified to be the main sources of PAHs. Lower HMs concentrations were detected in corals (9.8-39.4 μg g-1) than in sediments (65.0-83.3 μg g-1), but HMs bioaccumulation still occurs in corals. Higher concentrations of HMs in sediment and corals were detected in March and December, especially Mn and Zn. Application of an enrichment factor showed that Cu in corals was delivered from non-crustal materials, and anthropogenic inputs were possibly the main sources. According to Biota Sediment Accumulation Factor, corals could strongly bioaccumulate LPAHs and Cd, and PAHs at a higher (p < 0.05) rate than HMs. There was a lack of correlation between the accumulation of PAHs and HMs in corals based on the cluster analysis. Dual hierarchical clustering analysis result revealed that feeding, instead of symbiosis, might be the main process responsible for the bioaccumulation of PAHs and HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Huamin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Marco Drews
- Leibniz Center for Marine Tropical Research, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Sennan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hailong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chien Min Chen
- Department of Environmental Resources and Management, Chia Nan University of Science and Pharmacy, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Xiaoping Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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20
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Maisano M, Pereira P, Cappello T. First record of bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of metals in Scleractinian corals and their algal symbionts from Kharg and Lark coral reefs (Persian Gulf, Iran). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:1500-1511. [PMID: 30021316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution is nowadays a serious threat worldwide for ecosystem and human health. Despite that, there is still a paucity of data on metal impact on coral reef ecosystems. Herein, the levels of eleven metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, V, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) were assessed in surface sediments, seawater samples, Scleractinian corals (tissue and skeleton) and their algal symbionts collected from Kharg and Lark coral reefs in the Persian Gulf, Iran. At Kharg, surface sediments and seawater showed higher concentrations of metals than Lark, attributable to the higher metal loads and petrochemical activities in the area. Sediment quality guidelines indicated Hg as a serious threat to biota both at Kharg and Lark. Accordingly, metals bioaccumulation and bioconcentration was higher in corals from Kharg relatively to Lark Island. Interestingly, as supported by values of BCFs and BSAFs, metal accumulation was higher in coral tissues in respect to skeletons, and in zooxanthellae relatively to coral tissues at both coral reefs. Differential metal bioaccumulation was found among Scleractinian species, indicating that corals have distinct selectivity for assimilating metals from ambient sediments and seawater. Overall, metal accumulation in corals and zooxanthellae is an appropriate tool for environmental monitoring studies in coral reefs. Noteworthy, the use of Porites lutea, among Scleractinian corals, seems to be as a good bioindicator in monitoring studies of metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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21
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Ferrier-Pagès C, Sauzéat L, Balter V. Coral bleaching is linked to the capacity of the animal host to supply essential metals to the symbionts. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3145-3157. [PMID: 29569807 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Massive coral bleaching events result in extensive coral loss throughout the world. These events are mainly caused by seawater warming, but are exacerbated by the subsequent decrease in nutrient availability in surface waters. It has therefore been shown that nitrogen, phosphorus or iron limitation contribute to the underlying conditions by which thermal stress induces coral bleaching. Generally, information on the trophic ecology of trace elements (micronutrients) in corals, and on how they modulate the coral response to thermal stress is lacking. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that heterotrophic feeding (i.e. the capture of zooplankton prey by the coral host) and thermal stress induce significant changes in micro element concentrations and isotopic signatures of the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. The results obtained first reveal that coral symbionts are the major sink for the heterotrophically acquired micronutrients and accumulate manganese, magnesium and iron from the food. These metals are involved in photosynthesis and antioxidant protection. In addition, we show that fed corals can maintain high micronutrient concentrations in the host tissue during thermal stress and do not bleach, whereas unfed corals experience a significant decrease in copper, zinc, boron, calcium and magnesium in the host tissue and bleach. In addition, the significant increase in δ65 Cu and δ66 Zn signature of symbionts and host tissue at high temperature suggests that these isotopic compositions are good proxy for stress in corals. Overall, present findings highlight a new way in which coral heterotrophy and micronutrient availability contribute to coral resistance to global warming and bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucie Sauzéat
- CNRS UMR 5276 "Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon", Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Vincent Balter
- CNRS UMR 5276 "Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon", Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 07, France
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Deschaseaux E, Hardefeldt J, Jones G, Reichelt-Brushett A. High zinc exposure leads to reduced dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) levels in both the host and endosymbionts of the reef-building coral Acropora aspera. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 126:93-100. [PMID: 29421139 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a biogenic compound that could be involved in metal detoxification in both the host and endosymbionts of symbiotic corals. Acropora aspera, a common reef-building coral of the Great Barrier Reef, was exposed to zinc doses from 10 to 1000μg/L over 96h, with zinc being a low-toxic trace metal commonly used in the shipping industry. Over time, significantly lower DMSP concentrations relative to the control were found in both the host and symbionts in the highest zinc treatment where zinc uptake by both partners of the symbiosis was the highest. This clearly indicates that DMSP was consumed or stopped being produced under high and extended zinc exposure. This drop in DMSP was first observed in the host tissue, suggesting that the coral host was the first to respond to metal contamination. Such decrease in DMSP concentrations could influence the long-term health of corals under zinc exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Deschaseaux
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry Research, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Jannah Hardefeldt
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Graham Jones
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Amanda Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
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Amir L, Mohamed CAR. Linear extension rates and fluctuations of trace metals in Porites sp. from around Peninsular Malaysia. AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5027965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Marangoni LFDB, Marques JA, Duarte GAS, Pereira CM, Calderon EN, Castro CBE, Bianchini A. Copper effects on biomarkers associated with photosynthesis, oxidative status and calcification in the Brazilian coral Mussismilia harttii (Scleractinia, Mussidae). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 130:248-257. [PMID: 28823595 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seawater contamination with metals, such as copper (Cu), is a notable local impact threatening coral reefs. Cu effects on biomarkers associated with photosynthesis, oxidative status and calcification were evaluated in the Brazilian coral Mussismilia harttii using a marine mesocosm facility. Polyps were kept under control conditions (1.9 μg L-1 Cu) or exposed to dissolved Cu (3.0, 4.8, and 6.7 μg L-1) for 12 days. Photochemical efficiency of the photosystem II of symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) was measured and polyps were analyzed for antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and carbonic anhydrase Ca-ATPase, Mg-ATPase and (Ca,Mg)-ATPase activities after 12 days. Results highlighted the effects of Cu exposure, leading corals to an oxidative stress condition [increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DNA damage] and a possible reduced calcification ability [decreased (Ca,Mg)-ATPase activity]. Therefore, biomarkers associated with oxidative status (TAC and DNA damage) and calcification [(Ca, Mg)-ATPase] are indicated as good predictors of corals health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fernandes de Barros Marangoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Joseane Aparecida Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Adolpho Santos Duarte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Parque Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940-040, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Macedo Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Parque Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940-040, Brazil; Instituto Coral Vivo, Rua dos Coqueiros, Parque Yaya, Santa Cruz Cabrália, BA 45.807-000, Brazil.
| | - Emiliano Nicolas Calderon
- Instituto Coral Vivo, Rua dos Coqueiros, Parque Yaya, Santa Cruz Cabrália, BA 45.807-000, Brazil; Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Parque Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940-040, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação, Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (NUPEM/UFRJ), Av. São José do Barreto, 764, 27965-045 Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Clovis Barreira E Castro
- Instituto Coral Vivo, Rua dos Coqueiros, Parque Yaya, Santa Cruz Cabrália, BA 45.807-000, Brazil; Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Parque Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940-040, Brazil.
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Instituto Coral Vivo, Rua dos Coqueiros, Parque Yaya, Santa Cruz Cabrália, BA 45.807-000, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil.
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Itoh A, Kabe N, Kuwae S, Oura E, Hisamatsu S, Nakano Y, Zhu Y. Multi-Element Profiling Analyses of Symbiotic Zooxanthellae and Soft Tissues in a Giant Clam ( Tridacna crocea) Living in the Coral Reefs and Their Intake Process of Zn and Cd. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Itoh
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201
| | - Noriko Kabe
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Aza-senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213
| | - Sho Kuwae
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Aza-senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213
| | - Eriko Oura
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Aza-senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213
| | - Shin Hisamatsu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201
| | - Yoshikatsu Nakano
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Sesoko Station, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227
| | - Yanbei Zhu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8563
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Tsui MMP, Lam JCW, Ng TY, Ang PO, Murphy MB, Lam PKS. Occurrence, Distribution, and Fate of Organic UV Filters in Coral Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4182-4190. [PMID: 28351139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters are widely used in personal care products and occur ubiquitously in the aquatic environment. In this study, concentrations of seven commonly used organic UV filters were determined in seawater, sediment and five coral species collected from the eastern Pearl River Estuary of South China Sea. Five compounds, benzophenone-1, -3, and -8 (BP-1, -3, and -8), octocrylene (OC) and octyl dimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (ODPABA), were detected in the coral tissues with the highest detection frequencies (>65%) and concentrations (31.8 ± 8.6 and 24.7 ± 10.6 ng/g ww, respectively) found for BP-3 and BP-8. Significantly higher concentrations of BP-3 were observed in coral tissues in the wet season, indicating that higher inputs of sunscreen agents could be attributed to the increased coastal recreational activities. Accumulation of UV filters was only observed in soft coral tissues with bioaccumulation factors (log10-values) ranging from 2.21 to 3.01. The results of a preliminary risk assessment indicated that over 20% of coral samples from the study sites contained BP-3 concentrations exceeding the threshold values for causing larval deformities and mortality in the worst-case scenario. Higher probabilities of negative impacts of BP-3 on coral communities are predicted to occur in wet season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirabelle M P Tsui
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong of Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T Y Ng
- Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P O Ang
- Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Margaret B Murphy
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
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27
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Lim AP, Zulkeflee Z, Aris AZ. Effective removal of lead (II) ions by dead calcareous skeletons: sorption performance and influencing factors. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:1577-1584. [PMID: 27763337 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dead calcareous skeletons (CSs) as low-cost adsorbents were studied to remove lead ions (Pb (II)) in an aqueous solution. Factors influencing the efficiency of CSs were evaluated by adsorbent size, contact time, initial concentration, dosage concentration and pH. The optimum CS size for removal of Pb (II) was 710 μm at an equilibrium time of 720 min. The best dosage of CS was 10 g/L for a 99% removal efficiency without pH adjustment. Pb (II) ions were effectively removed in the initial pH of the metal solution. CS was able to remove a high concentration (100 mg/L) of Pb (II) at a removal efficiency of 99.92% and at an adsorption capacity of 13.06 mg/g. Our results demonstrated the potential of CS as a metal adsorbent in the aqueous phase with a high-removal efficiency and distinct physical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Phing Lim
- Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail:
| | - Zufarzaana Zulkeflee
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Environmental Forensics Research Centre, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail:
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Saha N, Webb GE, Zhao JX. Coral skeletal geochemistry as a monitor of inshore water quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:652-684. [PMID: 27239711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs maintain extraordinary biodiversity and provide protection from tsunamis and storm surge, but inshore coral reef health is degrading in many regions due to deteriorating water quality. Deconvolving natural and anthropogenic changes to water quality is hampered by the lack of long term, dated water quality data but such records are required for forward modelling of reef health to aid their management. Reef corals provide an excellent archive of high resolution geochemical (trace element) proxies that can span hundreds of years and potentially provide records used through the Holocene. Hence, geochemical proxies in corals hold great promise for understanding changes in ancient water quality that can inform broader oceanographic and climatic changes in a given region. This article reviews and highlights the use of coral-based trace metal archives, including metal transported from rivers to the ocean, incorporation of trace metals into coral skeletons and the current 'state of the art' in utilizing coral trace metal proxies as tools for monitoring various types of local and regional source-specific pollution (river discharge, land use changes, dredging and dumping, mining, oil spills, antifouling paints, atmospheric sources, sewage). The three most commonly used coral trace element proxies (i.e., Ba/Ca, Mn/Ca, and Y/Ca) are closely associated with river runoff in the Great Barrier Reef, but considerable uncertainty remains regarding their complex biogeochemical cycling and controlling mechanisms. However, coral-based water quality reconstructions have suffered from a lack of understanding of so-called vital effects and early marine diagenesis. The main challenge is to identify and eliminate the influence of extraneous local factors in order to allow accurate water quality reconstructions and to develop alternate proxies to monitor water pollution. Rare earth elements have great potential as they are self-referencing and reflect basic terrestrial input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narottam Saha
- School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Gregory E Webb
- School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jian-Xin Zhao
- School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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29
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Hédouin L, Metian M, Teyssié JL, Oberhänsli F, Ferrier-Pagès C, Warnau M. Bioaccumulation of (63)Ni in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata and isolated Symbiodinium using radiotracer techniques. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 156:420-427. [PMID: 27192479 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of nickel mining activities along the New Caledonia coasts threatens the biodiversity of coral reefs. Although the validation of tropical marine organisms as bioindicators of metal mining contamination has received much attention in the literature over the last decade, few studies have examined the potential of corals, the fundamental organisms of coral reefs, to monitor nickel (Ni) contamination in tropical marine ecosystems. In an effort to bridge this gap, the present work investigated the bioaccumulation of (63)Ni in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata and in its isolated zooxanthellae Symbiodinium, using radiotracer techniques. Results highlight the high capacities of coral tissues (zooxanthellae and host tissues) to efficiently bioconcentrate (63)Ni compared to skeleton (Concentration Factors CF at 14 days of exposure are 3 orders of magnitude higher in tissues than in skeleton). When non-contaminated conditions were restored, (63)Ni was more efficiently retained in skeleton than in coral tissues, with biological half-lives (Tb½) of 44.3 and 6.5 days, respectively. In addition, our work showed that Symbiodinium bioconcentrated (63)Ni exponentially, with a vol/vol concentration factor at steady state (VCFSS) reaching 14,056. However, compilation of our results highlighted that despite efficient bioconcentration of (63)Ni in Symbiodinium, their contribution to the whole (63)Ni accumulation in coral nubbins represents less than 7%, suggesting that other biologically controlled processes occur in coral host allowing such efficient bioconcentration in coral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Hédouin
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 6250 CNRS-Université La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France; USR 3278 CNRS EPHE UPVD CRIOBE & Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", B1013, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia.
| | - Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Jean-Louis Teyssié
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - François Oberhänsli
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco
| | | | - Michel Warnau
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco
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Hédouin LS, Wolf RE, Phillips J, Gates RD. Improving the ecological relevance of toxicity tests on scleractinian corals: Influence of season, life stage, and seawater temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:240-253. [PMID: 26907701 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollutants in marine systems are broadly acknowledged as deleterious: however, very little data exist for tropical scleractinian corals. We address this gap by investigating how life-history stage, season and thermal stress influence the toxicity of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Our results show that under ambient temperature, adults and larvae appear to tolerate exposure to unusually high levels of copper (96 h-LC50 ranging from 167 to 251 μg Cu L(-1)) and lead (from 477 to 742 μg Pb L(-1)). Our work also highlights that warmer conditions (seasonal and experimentally manipulated) reduce the tolerance of adults and larvae to Cu toxicity. Despite a similar trend observed for the response of larvae to Pb toxicity to experimentally induced increase in temperature, surprisingly adults were more resistant in warmer condition to Pb toxicity. In the summer adults were less resistant to Cu toxicity (96 h-LC50 = 175 μg L(-1)) than in the winter (251 μg L(-1)). An opposite trend was observed for the Pb toxicity on adults between summer and winter (96 h-LC50 of 742 vs 471 μg L(-1), respectively). Larvae displayed a slightly higher sensitivity to Cu and Pb than adults. An experimentally induced 3 °C increase in temperature above ambient decreased larval resistance to Cu and Pb toxicity by 23-30% (96 h-LC50 of 167 vs 129 μg Cu L(-1) and 681 vs 462 μg Pb L(-1)). Our data support the paradigm that upward excursions in temperature influence physiological processes in corals that play key roles in regulating metal toxicity. These influences are more pronounced in larva versus adult corals. These findings are important when contextualized climate change-driven warming in the oceans and highlight that predictions of ecological outcomes to metal pollutants will be improved by considering environmental context and the life stages of organism under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia S Hédouin
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, HI 96744, United States.
| | - Ruth E Wolf
- Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Bldg 20, MS 964D, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, United States
| | - Jeff Phillips
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands, 300 Ala Moana Blvd, Room 3-122, Honolulu, HI 96850, United States
| | - Ruth D Gates
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, HI 96744, United States
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Hardefeldt JM, Reichelt-Brushett AJ. Unravelling the role of zooxanthellae in the uptake and depuration of an essential metal in Exaiptasia pallida; an experiment using a model cnidarian. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 96:294-303. [PMID: 25998725 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coral skeletons record historical trace metal levels in the environment, however, the use of coral skeletal records for biomonitoring studies mostly fail to consider the influence of metal regulation by the living components of coral and subsequent incorporation into the skeleton. This study presents Exaiptasia pallida as a representative of the living components of coral and shows metal partitioning between the tissue and zooxanthellae after chronic exposure to Zn. A strong tendency for preferential accumulation in the zooxanthellae occurred after 32 days exposure and Zn concentrations in tissue and zooxanthellae were 123.3±0.7 mg kg(-1) and 294.9±8.5 respectively. This study shows zooxanthellae density plays an important role in controlling Zn loading in whole anemones and must be considered when investigating metal uptake and loading in zooxanthellate organisms. Further studies that investigate links between aragonite deposition rates and zooxanthellae density and incorporation pathways of metals into skeleton are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannah M Hardefeldt
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Amanda J Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
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Metian M, Hédouin L, Ferrier-Pagès C, Teyssié JL, Oberhansli F, Buschiazzo E, Warnau M. Metal bioconcentration in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata: investigating the role of different components of the holobiont using radiotracers. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:178. [PMID: 25773891 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioconcentration kinetics of five metals (Ag, Cd, Co, Mn, and Zn) were determined in the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata (entire symbiotic association vs. cultured symbionts), using radiotracer techniques. Among contrasting element behaviors observed in S. pistillata, the highest efficiency of concentration and retention was observed for Ag in the symbiotic association (CFss reaching 5000 and T b½>1 year). Predominant proportion of this metal was found associated with the skeleton whereas the other metals were mainly present in the coral tissues (including host tissues and symbionts). A 96-h exposure of cultured symbionts (isolated zooxantellae from S. pistillata) indicated that they displayed a very high potential for metal bioconcentration (higher by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude compared to the skeleton). In addition, among the five elements investigated, Ag had the highest concentration factor in the cultured symbionts. Contrasting kinetic characteristics of skeleton vs. tissues offer interesting implications for biomonitoring purposes. Indeed, the skeleton was shown to display stable metal concentrations after an exposure (long retention time) and thereby allows recording contamination event on the long term, whereas the concentrations within coral tissues rapidly increased during the exposure and dropped when non-contaminating conditions were restored, allowing information on the current (short term) contamination status. The present study confirms that the coral can be seen as a two-compartment box model for metal bioconcentration: the tissues sensus latto as a first box governing metal entrance (with a crucial role played by the symbionts) and the skeleton as a second box where metal detoxification (storage) is taking place; the first box also depurates toward the environment when non-contaminating conditions are restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Metian
- International Atomic Energy Agency-Environment Laboratories (IAEA-EL), 4a Quai Antoine 1er, MC-98000, Monaco, Principality of Monaco,
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Barakat SA, Al-Rousan S, Al-Trabeen MS. Use of scleractinian corals to indicate marine pollution in the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:42. [PMID: 25637389 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The actual and fatal concentrations of selected heavy metals, including cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc in corals from the Gulf of Aqaba were determined. Several living coral samples of different species (e.g., Porites) were collected from shallow depths (of about 5 m) at a number of sites along the Jordanian Gulf of Aqaba coast. The coral samples were collected using either a pneumatic diamond drill corer (for Porites) or a hammer and chisel (for other branched species). Some of the corals that had been collected were analyzed for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrometry, and other samples were used in incubation experiments. The heavy metal concentrations were determined separately in the coral skeleton and the tissue layer. Heavy metal concentrations have not previously been determined in corals from the Gulf of Aqaba. We conclude that corals are suitable for use as proxy tools for assessing environmental pollution (i.e., they are bioindicators) in the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea. Therefore, this study provides useful information on the degree of heavy metal contamination in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan,
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Howe PL, Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Clark MW. Effects of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn on asexual reproduction and early development of the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1593-1606. [PMID: 25119449 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently few studies present sub-lethal toxicity data for tropical marine species, and there are no routine toxicity tests using marine cnidarians. The symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella has been identified as a useful species for ecotoxicological risk assessment, and would provide a tropical marine cnidarian representative. Chronic sub-lethal toxicity tests assessing the effects of 28-day trace metal exposure on asexual reproduction in A. pulchella were investigated, and concentration-dependant reductions in the number of offspring that were produced were evident for all metal exposures. Metal concentration estimates causing 50% reductions in the numbers of asexually-reproduced juveniles after 28-day exposures (28-day effect concentrations 50%: EC50s) were 14 µg/L for copper, 63 µg/L for zinc, 107 µg/L for cobalt, 145 µg/L for cadmium, and 369 µg/L for nickel. Slightly higher 28-day EC50s of 16 µg/L for copper, 192 µg/L for zinc, 172 µg/L for cobalt, 185 µg/L for cadmium, and 404 µg/L for nickel exposures and were estimated based on reductions in the total number of live developed and undeveloped offspring. These sensitive and chronic sub-lethal toxicity estimates help fill the knowledge gap related to metal effects on cnidarians over longer exposure periods, and this newly-developed bioassay may provide a much needed tool for ecotoxicological risk assessment relevant to tropical marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelli L Howe
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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Chan I, Hung JJ, Peng SH, Tseng LC, Ho TY, Hwang JS. Comparison of metal accumulation in the azooxanthellate scleractinian coral (Tubastraea coccinea) from different polluted environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:648-658. [PMID: 24321880 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The response of metal accumulation in coral Tubastraea coccinea to various degrees of metal enrichment was investigated from the Yin-Yang Sea (YYS) receiving abandoned mining effluents, the Kueishan Islet (KI) hydrothermal vent field, and the nearshore area of remoted Green Island (GI). The concentrations of most dissolved metals were highest in seawater at YYS, followed by KI, and then GI, showing the effects of anthropogenic and venting inputs on metal levels. Five metals (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) yielded significant differences (p<0.05) among the skeleton samples. We identified similar patterns in the metal-Ca ratios, indicating that the elevated metals in skeletons was a consequence of external inputs. The coral tissues were relatively sensitive in monitoring metal accumulation, showing significant differences among three locations for Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn. Specific bioconcentration factors provided strong support for the differential metal accumulation in skeletons and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isani Chan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jang Hung
- Department of Oceanography, Asian-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Hung Peng
- Department of Oceanography, Asian-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chun Tseng
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yuan Ho
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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Suwa R, Kataoka C, Kashiwada S. Effects of silver nanocolloids on early life stages of the scleractinian coral Acropora japonica. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 99:198-203. [PMID: 25047545 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of silver nanocolloids (SNCs) on the early life stages of the reef-building coral Acropora japonica were investigated. The tolerance of this species to SNC contamination was estimated by exposing gametes, larvae, and primary polyps to a range of SNC concentrations (0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 μg l(-1)). Pure SNCs were immediately ionized to Ag(+) in seawater and concentrations of ≥50 μg l(-1) SNC had a significant detrimental effect on fertilization, larval metamorphosis, and primary polyp growth. Exposure to 50 μg l(-1) SNC did not significantly affect larval survival; however, the larvae were deformed and lost their ability to metamorphose. At the highest concentration (500 μg l(-1) SNC), all gametes, larvae, and primary polyps died. These experiments provide the first data on the effects of silver-nanomaterial-contaminated seawater on cnidarians, and suggest that silver nanomaterials can influence the early development of corals through anthropogenic wastewater inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Suwa
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, 459 Shirahama, Wakayama 649-2211, Japan.
| | - Chisato Kataoka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Oura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
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Lim AP, Aris AZ. Continuous fixed-bed column study and adsorption modeling: Removal of cadmium (II) and lead (II) ions in aqueous solution by dead calcareous skeletons. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Howe PL, Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Clark MW. Development of a chronic, early life-stage sub-lethal toxicity test and recovery assessment for the tropical zooxanthellate sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 100:138-147. [PMID: 24238742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify additional tropical marine species and develop sensitive sub-lethal and chronic toxicity test methods for routine ecotoxicology. The tropical symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella is a suitable species for use in ecotoxicology and here we have assessed the effects of trace metal exposures on the development of asexually produced A. pulchella pedal lacerates to a juvenile stage. Concentrations of 55 µg/L for cadmium, 262 µg/L for cobalt, 5 µg/L for copper, and 269 µg/L for zinc were estimated to inhibit normal development by 50 percent after 8-d exposures, and are among the most sensitive available toxicity estimates for marine organisms. This work illustrates the potential value of this species and sub-lethal toxicological endpoint for routine ecotoxicology in tropical marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelli L Howe
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 417, Military Drive, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Amanda J Reichelt-Brushett
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 417, Military Drive, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Malcolm W Clark
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 417, Military Drive, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
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Song Y, Yu K, Zhao J, Feng Y, Shi Q, Zhang H, Ayoko GA, Frost RL. Past 140-year environmental record in the northern South China Sea: evidence from coral skeletal trace metal variations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 185:97-106. [PMID: 24239673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
About 140-year changes in the trace metals in Porites coral samples from two locations in the northern South China Sea were investigated. Results of PCA analyses suggest that near the coast, terrestrial input impacted behavior of trace metals by 28.4%, impact of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was 19.0%, contribution of war and infrastructure were 14.4% and 15.6% respectively. But for a location in the open sea, contribution of War and SST reached 33.2% and 16.5%, while activities of infrastructure and guano exploration reached 13.2% and 14.7%. While the spatiotemporal change model of Cu, Cd and Pb in seawater of the north area of South China Sea during 1986-1997 were reconstructed. It was found that in the sea area Cu and Cd contaminations were distributed near the coast while areas around Sanya, Hainan had high Pb levels because of the well-developed tourism related activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxian Song
- Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingang West Road 164, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong Province, PR China; Radiogenic Isotope Facility, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Discipline of Nanotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Kefu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingang West Road 164, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong Province, PR China; Radiogenic Isotope Facility, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- Radiogenic Isotope Facility, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuexing Feng
- Radiogenic Isotope Facility, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Qi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingang West Road 164, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingang West Road 164, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Godwin A Ayoko
- Discipline of Nanotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Ray L Frost
- Discipline of Nanotechnology and Molecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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Berry KLE, Seemann J, Dellwig O, Struck U, Wild C, Leinfelder RR. Sources and spatial distribution of heavy metals in scleractinian coral tissues and sediments from the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:9089-9099. [PMID: 23719740 PMCID: PMC3787799 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems worldwide are threatened by aquatic pollution; however, there is a paucity in data from the Caribbean region. As such, five heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, copper, zinc, mercury) were measured in tissues of the scleractinian corals Porites furcata and Agaricia tenuifolia and in adjacent sediments in the Bocas del Toro Archipelago, Panama. Samples were collected from five reef sites along a gradient of distance from an international shipping port and were analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for mercury. Copper and zinc were the most abundant metals and ranged from 11 to 63 mg kg(-1) and from 31 to 185 mg kg(-1) in coral tissues, respectively. The highest concentration of each metal was measured in P. furcata tissues, with copper and mercury concentrations significantly higher in P. furcata than in A. tenuifolia at every site. These results suggest that P. furcata has a higher affinity for metal accumulation and storage than A. tenuifolia. With the exception of cadmium, metal concentrations in coral tissues were generally elevated at coral reefs in closer proximity to the port; however, this pattern was not observed in sediments. Hard coral cover was lowest at reefs in closest proximity to the port, suggesting that metal pollution from port-related activities is influencing hard coral abundance at nearby coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. E. Berry
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water & Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Janina Seemann
- Department of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Dellwig
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Seestraße. 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulrich Struck
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Wild
- University of Bremen (FB 2 Biology and Chemistry) and Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Reinhold R. Leinfelder
- Department of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany
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Hédouin L, Gates RD. Assessing fertilization success of the coral Montipora capitata under copper exposure: does the night of spawning matter? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 66:221-224. [PMID: 23246128 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal pollution is a major threat in tropical areas due to increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities along coastlines. Unfortunately there are very few toxicological studies that assess the effects of metals on marine organisms in tropical areas. To help fill this gap, this study investigated how Cu alters the fertilization success of the coral Montipora capitata over several nights of spawning. Results indicate that gametes of M. capitata are sensitive to Cu pollution, with EC₅₀ after 3 h ranging from 16.6 to 31.7 μg l⁻¹. Moreover, the sensitivity of the gametes to Cu toxicity was influenced by the night of spawning during which fertilization experiments were performed. This result likely reflected changes in the quality of gamete over the spawning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Hédouin
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA.
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Mokhtar MB, Praveena SM, Aris AZ, Yong OC, Lim AP. Trace metal (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) accumulation in Scleractinian corals: a record for Sabah, Borneo. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2012; 64:2556-2563. [PMID: 22901962 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed as the first to assess the trace metal (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) in coral skeleton in relation to metal availabilities and sampling locations in Sabah. The study also aims to determine the differential abilities of Scleractinian coral species as a bioindicator of environmental conditions. Skeletons of Scleractinian coral (Hydnophora microconos, Favia speciosa and Porites lobata) showed concentrations of Fe, Mn and Ni relatively higher than Cd and Zn in the skeletons. Statistical analyses outputs showed significant relationships between trace metal concentrations in coral species and those in seawater and sediment. The highest bioaccumulation factors among three Scleractinian coral species investigated was for Zn followed by Mn, Ni, Fe, Cd and Cu can provide a sign about pollution levels. However, metal tolerance, coral structure and morphology as well as multispecies monitoring are factors that need to be a focus in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazlin Bin Mokhtar
- Institute for Environment and Development, LESTARI, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Howe PL, Reichelt-Brushett AJ, Clark MW. Aiptasia pulchella: a tropical cnidarian representative for laboratory ecotoxicological research. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2653-2662. [PMID: 22927090 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An urgent need exists to identify suitable tropical marine species for use in the development of sensitive and reliable test methods for routine laboratory ecotoxicological testing. Corals are a group of organisms not represented in routine ecotoxicology due to inherent difficulties in laboratory husbandry, and sea anemones from the same phylum (cnidaria) may be useful proxies. Aiptasia pulchella is a tropical symbiotic sea anemone with a wide geographic range. It is well suited to laboratory conditions and has been used extensively in research. However, its suitability as a toxicity test species has not been investigated. Assessment of juvenile recruitment in laboratory and semi-outdoor conditions showed higher production in semi-outdoor conditions; however, laboratory rearing produced enough recruits to run routine toxicity tests. In investigations of the sensitivity of A. pulchella to contaminants, acute tests were conducted on 1- to 2-mm juveniles using copper. Lethal concentration, 50% (LC50) values at 96 h estimated from tests using five and 10 replicates ranged from 30 to 83 and 60 to 90 µg/L, respectively, and a 28-d LC50 of 26 µg/L was estimated. During the present study, sublethal endpoints were investigated; chronic assessment of inhibited asexual reproduction looks promising (12-d effective concentration, 50% [EC50] 15 µg/L) and should be assessed further. Aiptasia pulchella is a species worthy of investigation as a cnidarian representative, and will be an invaluable contribution to tropical marine ecotoxicologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelli Louise Howe
- School of Environment, Science, and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia.
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Vijayavel K, Downs CA, Ostrander GK, Richmond RH. Oxidative DNA damage induced by iron chloride in the larvae of the lace coral Pocillopora damicornis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:275-80. [PMID: 21963688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical and molecular biomarkers tools are utilized as early warning signatures of contaminant exposure to target and non-target organisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the sublethal effects of iron chloride to the larvae of the lace coral Pocillopora damicornis by measuring a suit of oxidative-stress biomarkers. The larvae were exposed to a range of sublethal concentrations of iron chloride (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ppm) for seven days. With reference to oxidative stress biomarkers, the no-observed effect concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of iron chloride were observed to be 0.01 and 100 ppm respectively. At the end of the seventh day the antioxidant status of the larvae was evaluated by the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in both experimental and control groups. For the quantification of cellular oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity was determined in the same and the extent of DNA damage was assessed by the expression of DNA apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. Iron chloride exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of GSH and GPX and induction of GR, GST, LPO, and DNA-AP sites in the P. damicornis larvae when compared to the control group. The oxidative stress biomarkers of the larvae exposed to 0.1, 1, and 10 ppm of iron chloride did not show any significant overall differences when compared to the control group. However the activities of LPO, GSH, GPX, GR, GST and DNA-AP in the larval group exposed to 100 ppm of iron chloride exhibited statistically significant (P=0.002, 0.003, 0.002, 0.002, 0.005 and 0.007) differences when compared to the control group. The research results indicated that iron chloride in concentrations at the 100 ppm level caused oxidative stress in the P. damicornis larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vijayavel
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Ali AHAM, Hamed MA, Abd El-Azim H. Heavy metals distribution in the coral reef ecosystems of the Northern Red Sea. HELGOLAND MARINE RESEARCH 2011; 65:67-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10152-010-0202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Chen T, Yu K, Li S, Chen T, Shi Q. Anomalous Ba/Ca signals associated with low temperature stresses in Porites corals from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea. J Environ Sci (China) 2011; 23:1452-1459. [PMID: 22432280 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(10)60606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Barium to calcium (Ba/Ca) ratio in corals has been considered as a useful geochemical proxy for upwelling, river flood and other oceanic processes. However, recent studies indicated that additional environmental or biological factors can influence the incorporation of Ba into coral skeletons. In this study, Ba/Ca ratios of two Porites corals collected from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea were analyzed. Ba/Ca signals in the two corals were 'anomalous' in comparison with Ba behaviors seen in other near-shore corals influenced by upwelling or riverine runoff. Our Ba/Ca profiles displayed similar and remarkable patterns characterized by low and randomly fluctuating background signals periodically interrupted by sharp and large synchronous peaks, clearly indicating an environmental forcing. Further analysis indicated that the Ba/Ca profiles were not correlated with previously claimed environmental factors such as precipitation, coastal upwelling, anthropogenic activities or phytoplankton blooms in other areas. The maxima of Ba/Ca appeared to occur in the period of Sr/Ca maxima, coinciding with the winter minimum temperatures, which suggests that the anomalous high Ba/Ca signals were related to winter-time low sea surface temperature. We speculated that the Ba/Ca peaks in corals of the Daya Bay were most likely the results of enrichment of Ba-rich particles in their skeletons when coral polyps retracted under the stresses of anomalous winter low temperatures. In this case, Ba/Ca ratio in relatively high-latitude corals can be a potential proxy for tracing the low temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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47
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Pait AS, Jeffrey CFG, Caldow C, Whitall DR, Hartwell SI, Mason AL, Christensen JD. Chemical contamination in southwest Puerto Rico: A survey of contaminants in the coralPorites astreoides. CARIBB J SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v45i2.a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Al-Rousan SA, Al-Shloul RN, Al-Horani FA, Abu-Hilal AH. Heavy metal contents in growth bands of Porites corals: record of anthropogenic and human developments from the Jordanian Gulf of Aqaba. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2007; 54:1912-1922. [PMID: 17961605 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess pollutants and impact of environmental changes in the coastal region of the Jordanian Gulf of Aqaba, concentrations of six metals were traced through variations in 5 years growth bands sections of recent Porties coral skeleton. X-radiography showed annual growth band patterns extending back to the year 1925. Baseline metal concentrations in Porites corals were established using 35 years-long metal record from late Holocene coral (deposited in pristine environment) and coral from reef that is least exposed to pollution in the marine reserve in the Gulf of Aqaba. The skeleton samples of the collected corals were acid digested and analyzed for their Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn content using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). All metal profiles (except Fe and Zn) recorded the same metal signature from recent coral (1925-2005) in which low steady baseline levels were displayed in growth bands older than 1965, similar to those obtained from fossil and unpolluted corals. Most metals showed dramatic increase (ranging from 17% to 300%) in growth band sections younger than 1965 suggesting an extensive contamination of the coastal area since the mid sixties. This date represents the beginning of a period that witnessed increasing coastal activities, constructions and urbanization. This has produced a significant reduction in coral skeletal extension rates. Results from this study strongly suggest that Porites corals have a high tendency to accumulate heavy metals in their skeletons and therefore can serve as proxy tools to monitor and record environmental pollution (bioindicators) in the Gulf of Aqaba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber A Al-Rousan
- Marine Science Station, The University of Jordan, P.O. Box 195, Aqaba 77110, Jordan.
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49
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Anu G, Kumar NC, Jayalakshmi KJ, Nair SM. Monitoring of heavy metal partitioning in reef corals of Lakshadweep Archipelago, Indian Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 128:195-208. [PMID: 17016753 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the partitioning of trace metals in five selected coral species from Lakshadweep Archipelago, which remains as one of the least studied areas in the Indian Ocean. Based on the morphological features, selected coral species are classified as massive (Porites andrewsi), ramose or branching (Lobophyllia corymbosa, Acropora formosa and Psammocora contigua) and foliaceous (Montipora digitata). Relating trace metal concentrations with morphological features in skeleton, highest concentrations of all the trace metals (except Zn) were reported for the ramose type corals. In tissue, all the metals (essential as well as non essential) showed highest concentrations within the branching type corals. Irrespective of their growth characteristics/pattern, all species except P. contigua displayed higher concentrations of Pb, Ni, Mn and Cd within their skeleton compared to tissue which may exemplify a regulatory mechanism to avoid the build up of the concentrations of these metals in their bio-part, strikingly toxic metals like Cd and Pb. The concentrations of trace metals in the skeleton and tissues of these coral species were subjected to 3 way ANOVA based on non standardized original data and the results showed significant differences between metals and between species leading to high skeleton/ tissue - species interaction as well as skeleton/tissue - metal interaction. The significant values of student's t calculated are depicted in the form of Trellis diagrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Anu
- Department of Chemistry, St. Teresa's College, Cochin, India
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